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Ding Y, Xu X. Independent and Combined Associations of Physical Activity and Screen Time With Biomarkers of Inflammation in Children and Adolescents With Overweight/Obesity. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2025; 37:173-181. [PMID: 38782367 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2024-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation regulation is important for obesity management and prevention of obesity-related diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the independent and combined associations of physical activity and screen time with biomarkers of inflammation in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. METHOD A total of 1289 children and adolescents with overweight/obesity were included from the 2015 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable linear regressions were conducted for the association analyses. RESULTS For the independent associations, a negative dose-dependent relationship was demonstrated between physical activity and inflammatory biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in adolescents with overweight/obesity (P < .001) but not children; screen time was not associated with hsCRP in both children and adolescents. No significant association was found between physical activity or screen time with other inflammatory biomarkers. For the combined associations, there was an interaction between physical activity and screen time on hsCRP in adolescents with overweight/obesity (P = .014). In addition, the negative association between physical activity and hsCRP was greater in boys compared with girls and in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black individuals compared with non-Hispanic White individuals. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a combined association of physical activity and screen time with inflammatory biomarker hsCRP in adolescents with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Ding
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, JS,China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, JS,China
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Hendy A, Soliman SM, Tantawi H, Salman S, Ibrahim RK, Hendy A, Fattah HAA, Al-Mugheed K, Sayed S, Alabdullah AAS, Abdelaliem SMF, Zaher A. The weight of words: investigating the role of weight stigma and body mass index in shaping children and youth's emotional experiences. J Eat Disord 2025; 13:73. [PMID: 40312425 PMCID: PMC12044770 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-025-01248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has become a significant public health concern worldwide. These conditions not only affect physical health but also contribute to psychological challenges, particularly through weight stigma. Understanding the relationship between weight stigma, body mass index (BMI), and emotional distress is crucial for informing interventions, particularly in cultural contexts where weight-related perceptions vary. AIM This study aimed to investigate the influence of weight stigma and BMI on the emotional experiences of children and youth in Egypt. METHODS A descriptive correlational design was employed in 16 preparatory schools, 49 secondary schools, and 20 faculties across various Egyptian governorates. A convenience sample of 2,731 participants aged 12-21 years was included. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that measured BMI, weight stigma, and emotional states (depression, anxiety, and stress) through validated tools. Statistical analyses included chi-square and linear regression tests. RESULTS The findings revealed that 22% of participants experienced high levels of weight stigma, which was significantly associated with higher levels of emotional distress (p < 0.001). Weight stigma explained 46.9% of the variance in emotional distress, whereas BMI showed no significant association with emotional states (p = 0.983). Notably, cultural factors, including conflicting societal norms regarding body weight and media influence, appeared to shape weight perceptions and stigma experiences among youth. CONCLUSION Weight stigma is a stronger predictor of emotional distress than BMI, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions addressing weight-based discrimination. Given the cultural nuances influencing weight perception in Egypt, public health initiatives should incorporate culturally sensitive approaches to promote body positivity and mitigate the psychological impact of stigma. These findings contribute to global eating disorder research by highlighting the role of sociocultural factors in shaping weight-related experiences among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Hendy
- Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sahar M Soliman
- Department of Maternal and Neonatal Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11517, Egypt
| | - Hyam Tantawi
- Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira Salman
- Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Kadri Ibrahim
- Nursing Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Dhafra Region, Baynunah Complex, P.O. Box 50433, Madinat Zayed, UAE
| | - Ahmed Hendy
- Department of Computational Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620002
- Department of Mechanics and Mathematics, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | | | | | - Salwa Sayed
- Clinical Instructor in Technical Health Institute at General Authority for Health Insurance, Benha, Egypt
| | - Amany Anwar Saeed Alabdullah
- Department of Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Zaher
- Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hong YH, Chae HW, Lee HS, Kang E, Ahn MB, Kang DH, Kim MJ, Rhie YJ. ACTION Teens: Perceptions and attitudes towards obesity among adolescents living with obesity, caregivers and healthcare professionals in South Korea. Obes Res Clin Pract 2025:S1871-403X(25)00048-1. [PMID: 40316472 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2025.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2025] [Accepted: 04/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South Korea, the prevalence of adolescents living with obesity (ALwO) is rising. OBJECTIVES To evaluate perceptions, attitudes, behaviors, and obstacles to effective obesity care among ALwO, caregivers, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in South Korea. METHODS ACTION Teens (NCT05013359) was a multinational, cross-sectional survey conducted in 2021. Data from South Korean participants are reported (476 ALwO, 523 caregivers, 200 HCPs). RESULTS Most ALwO/caregivers acknowledged that they/their ALwO had overweight, obesity or severe obesity (95 %/88 %, respectively) and were concerned about weight impacting their/their ALwO's future health (94 %/91 %, respectively). The predominant information source on weight management for ALwO/caregivers was YouTube (62 %/35 %, respectively). Most HCPs (87 %) indicated obesity had a strong impact on overall health; fewer ALwO (70 %) and caregivers (62 %) provided the same responses. ALwO recognized the societal challenges associated with overweight/obesity (versus healthy weight), with 50 %, 37 %, and 36 % reporting that overweight/obesity makes it harder to get a job, make friends, and perform well at school, respectively (compared with 41 %, 28 %, and 26 % of caregivers). A higher proportion of ALwO (80 %) than caregivers (45 %) thought weight loss was completely the ALwO's responsibility. While 82 % of ALwO reported they had made a recent weight-loss attempt, only 60 % of caregivers reported that their ALwO had made a recent weight-loss attempt; HCPs thought that, on average, 35 % of their ALwO patients had attempted to lose weight. CONCLUSIONS Disparities in respondents' perceptions and attitudes toward obesity underscore the need for enhanced communication and increased understanding of obesity to improve healthcare strategies for South Korean ALwO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hee Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Sang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eungu Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Moon Bae Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Hi Kang
- Clinical, Medical, Regulatory and Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Pharma Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jee Kim
- Clinical, Medical, Regulatory and Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Pharma Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Jun Rhie
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Isidoro BM, Beretta MV, Flores PT, Bierhals VM, Martins CC, Busnello FM, Peres A. Inflammation Diet and the Association with Inflammatory Markers in Individuals with Obesity - A Systematic Scoping Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2025; 14:60. [PMID: 40232587 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-025-00653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the relationship between diet-induced inflammation and inflammatory markers in obese individuals. Considering the chronic inflammatory state linked to obesity and its association with metabolic diseases, the review focuses on how dietary patterns, particularly pro- and anti-inflammatory patterns, impact inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies suggest that pro-inflammatory diets, rich in processed and energy-dense foods, are associated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, in individuals with obesity. Using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), research has found correlations between high DII scores and increased levels of inflammation. However, results regarding other biomarkers like TNF-alpha, leptin, and adiponectin are mixed. Adopting an anti-inflammatory diet - rich in fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, and polyphenols while low in processed foods and refined sugars -may reduce inflammation markers. However, the extent of these effects varies across studies, populations, and methods, highlighting the heterogeneity of the findings. Diet is a modifiable factor in managing obesity-related inflammation. While pro-inflammatory diets consistently elevate inflammatory biomarkers, anti-inflammatory diets show potential benefits but inconsistent results. The DII is a valuable tool, but further research is needed to clarify its role in managing inflammation and supporting long-term health, considering factors like physical activity and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Moraes Isidoro
- Programa de pós graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Mileni Vanti Beretta
- Programa de pós graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Priscila Trindade Flores
- Programa de pós graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Carolina Carvalho Martins
- Programa de pós graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Michielin Busnello
- Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de pós- graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Programa de pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Fatahi S, Sohouli MH, Vahidshahi K, Rohani P, Safa M, Salehi M, Găman MA, Shidfar F. Changes in gut microbiota following supplementation with chitosan in adolescents with overweight or obesity: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2025; 17:120. [PMID: 40200345 PMCID: PMC11978168 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-025-01681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity have been associated with an altered intestinal microbiome. Recent investigations have demonstrated that fiber supplementation, including chitosan, can exert beneficial and protective effects on the composition of gut microbiota in humans diagnosed with overweight/obesity. However, there is still a great deal of heated debate regarding the impact of chitosan supplementation in overweight and obese adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this study is to clarify the effects of chitosan administration on the composition of the gut microbiome in overweight and obese adolescents. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Sixty-four overweight and obese adolescents were subjected to supplementation with 3 g of chitosan for 12 weeks. Anthropometric indices and physical activity were measured at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. After DNA extraction and purification, the quantity of bacteria in the patients' stool samples was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The RCT was registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( www.irct.ir ) website (IRCT20091114002709 N57; registration date: 2021 - 06 - 20). RESULTS Individuals who received chitosan supplementation experienced a significant decrease in the BMI z-score (P < 0.001). Administration of chitosan led to notable significant decrease in the Firmicutes (P < 0.001) populations and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (P < 0.001) as well as a notable increase in the Bacteroidetes (P = 0.008) and Akkermansia (P < 0.001) populations, respectively compare to control group. Mean changes in Lactobacillus populations were marginally significant (P = 0.05). Chitosan administration did not alter the composition in Bifidobacterium populations (P = 0.97). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates beneficial effects of chitosan administration on some bacterial species associated with overweight and obesity in adolescents. Further research is needed to confirm our findings and clarify the impact of this intervention on the Lactobacillus population in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children'S Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koroush Vahidshahi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pejman Rohani
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children'S Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Faculty of Public Health Branch, Department of Nutrition, Iran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mao D, Li B. Evaluating the Role of School-Based Physical Activity in Mitigating Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 12:439. [PMID: 40310073 PMCID: PMC12025731 DOI: 10.3390/children12040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2025] [Revised: 03/25/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight or obese children and adolescents have a higher risk of developing cardiometabolic health problems compared with their healthy-weight peers, which are likely to progress to cardiovascular disease and are associated with a range of negative impacts. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of school-based physical activity (PA) interventions on cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. METHOD A search of online databases was conducted to identify relevant studies up to 31 January 2025. RESULTS Eleven studies were included, involving 963 participants aged 7 to 18 years. School-based PA interventions have a significant effect size (ES) in reducing body fat percentage (ES = -0.43, p < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (ES = -0.27, p < 0.05), triglycerides (ES = -0.38, p < 0.01), fasting blood glucose (ES = -0.60, p < 0.01), blood insulin (ES = -0.62, p < 0.01), and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (ES = -0.58, p < 0.01) in overweight or obese students. However, no significant improvements were observed in body mass index, body mass index z-score, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, maximal oxygen consumption, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol. CONCLUSION School-based PA interventions lasting 6 weeks longer, twice a week or more, can significantly mitigate some cardiometabolic risks of overweight or obese children and adolescents. Effective, targeted PA programs should be considered in the school setting to promote the cardiometabolic health of this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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Gómez-Vilarrubla A, Niubó-Pallàs M, Mas-Parés B, Bonmatí-Santané A, Martínez-Calcerrada JM, López B, Peñas-Cruz A, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L, López-Bermejo A, Bassols J. Longitudinal Analysis of Placental IRS1 DNA Methylation and Childhood Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3141. [PMID: 40243885 PMCID: PMC11988732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26073141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2025] [Revised: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the predisposition to metabolic diseases is established in utero through epigenomic modifications. However, it remains unclear whether childhood obesity results from preexisting epigenomic alterations or whether obesity itself induces changes in the epigenome. This study aimed to identify DNA methylation marks in the placenta associated with obesity-related outcomes in children at age 6 and to assess these marks in blood samples at age 6 and whether they correlate with obesity-related outcomes at that time. Using an epigenome-wide DNA methylation microarray on 24 placental samples, we identified differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) associated with offspring BMI-SDS at 6 years. Individual DMCs were validated in 147 additional placental and leukocyte samples from children at 6 years of age. The methylation and/or gene expression of IRS1 in both placenta and offspring leukocytes were significantly associated with various metabolic risk parameters at age 6 (all p ≤ 0.05). Logistic regression models (LRM) and machine learning (ML) models indicated that IRS1 methylation in the placenta could strongly predict offspring obesity. Our results suggest that IRS1 may serve as a potential biomarker for the prediction of obesity and metabolic risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Gómez-Vilarrubla
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
| | - Maria Niubó-Pallàs
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
| | - Berta Mas-Parés
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Alexandra Bonmatí-Santané
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
- Department of Gynecology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Jose-Maria Martínez-Calcerrada
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
| | - Beatriz López
- Control Engineering and Intelligent Systems (eXiT), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Aaron Peñas-Cruz
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Children’s Hospital, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
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Zhou Y, Chen Y, Tang Y, Zhang S, Zhuang Z, Ni Q. Rising tide: the growing global burden and inequalities of early-onset type 2 diabetes among youths aged 15-34 years (1990-2021). Diabetol Metab Syndr 2025; 17:103. [PMID: 40140909 PMCID: PMC11948681 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-025-01673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly affecting people aged 15-34, posing a serious public health challenge due to its faster progression and higher complication risks. This study examines the global, regional, and national burden of early-onset T2DM from 1990 to 2021, emphasizing trends and disparities across different sociodemographic contexts. METHODS Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we analyzed incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) in people aged 15-34. Stratifications included age, sex, and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Joinpoint regression significant temporal shifts, and decomposition analysis attributed changes in T2DM burden to factors such as prevalence, population growth, aging, and case fatality rates. Inequality was assessed with the Slope Index of Inequality and Concentration Index. RESULTS From 1990 to 2021, early-onset T2DM incidence and prevalence rose significantly worldwide, especially in high-SDI regions. Although global mortality and DALYs appeared relatively stable, low-SDI regions showed worrisome increases. Rising T2DM prevalence was the principal driver of mortality and DALYs, notably in low- and middle-SDI regions. Inequality analyses indicated widening disparities, with higher incidence and prevalence in high-SDI countries and more severe outcomes in low-SDI countries. CONCLUSIONS The global burden of early-onset T2DM among youths is escalating, with significant disparities across different sociodemographic levels. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted public health interventions. Future research should focus on the underlying factors driving these trends and explore strategies for effective prevention and management of early-onset T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'Anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'Anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'Anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zifan Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'Anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'Anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Liang JH, Pu YQ, Yang XZ, Chen JQ, Wu ZW, Liu ML, Jiang N, Huang S, Zhang YS, Hu LX, Jin ZG, Ge WX, Pu XY, Huang SY, Chen YJ. Mediating effect of physical activity on the relationship between high dietary live microbe intake and obesity among U.S adolescents, finding from NHANES 1999-2018. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2025; 35:103786. [PMID: 39674724 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.103786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The impact of dietary live microbe intake on adolescent obesity is still not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between dietary live microbe intake and obesity among U.S adolescents, and to explore the mediating role of physical activity (PA). METHODS AND RESULTS Data from NHANES (1999-2018) were analyzed, and dietary live microbe intake was categorized into low, medium, and high groups using a developed framework. Survey-weighted logistic regression and mediation analysis models were used to examine the association between live microbe intake and adolescent obesity, as well as the potential mediating effect of PA. Our study included 8443 participants aged 6-18, representing the noninstitutionalized U.S population of 184.5 million. We found that participants with a high dietary intake of live microbes had lower odds of developing obesity compared to those with the lowest exposure to live microbes (AOR = 0.900, 95 % CI: 0.812, 0.997). Additionally, our mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of live microbes on obesity risk through PA (P-value <0.001), with 39.4 % (95 % CI: 24.5 %, 86.5 %) of the effect mediated by PA. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the association between consuming a higher amount of live microbes in the diet and a decreased risk of obesity among U.S adolescents. It also suggests that PA may act as a mediator in this relationship. Therefore, it is crucial to emphasize the incorporation of both dietary interventions and PA in the development of prevention and therapy policies for managing adolescent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hong Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ying-Qi Pu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xiu-Zhi Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Wen Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zheng-Ge Jin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Wen-Xin Ge
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xue-Ya Pu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Shao-Yi Huang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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Qin H, Zhao M, Wu T, Zhu S, Qiao Y, Lei X, Liu W, Sun R. Dietary and health risk behaviors for metabolic diseases in different age groups: a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China. BMC Public Health 2025; 25:683. [PMID: 39972332 PMCID: PMC11837718 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-21898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the frequency of metabolic diseases (MetD) and dietary behaviors as well as health risk behaviors in various age groups. METHODS This Cross-Sectional study involved 12,215 participants, and the relationship between MetD and health risk behaviors was discussed using Pearson chi-square tests and unordered binary logistics regression. The Apriori algorithm was used to explore and analyze the combination patterns of health risk behaviors. RESULTS Insufficient sleep as a risk factor for MetD (for young adults, odds ratio (OR): 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 1.50; for middle-aged adults, OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.33). For young adults, maladaptive emotion was a risk factor (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.80), and their risk of MetD was 1.48 times higher with three health risk behaviors compared with those with no or only one health risk behavior (95% CI: 1.27, 1.72). As for dietary behaviors, meat-based diet, greasy and salty taste preferences were associated with MetD. CONCLUSIONS High-risk alcohol consumption is a risk factor for MetD in elderly adults. Insufficient sleep was a common risk factor for MetD in young and middle-aged groups. Young adults may also be affected by maladaptive emotion and the number of risk factors. Poor dietary behaviors such as meat-based diet, greasy and salty dietary taste, may increase risk, particularly among young adults. We should consider interventions systematically and comprehensively targeting modern lifestyles of different key age group populations such as young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihang Qin
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Silla University, Busan, Korea
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Sili Zhu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yanwen Qiao
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xun Lei
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
- Department of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Latorre Román PA, Salazar CM, Montilla JAP, Cabrera-Linares JC, Andrade-Lara KE, Fuentes AR, Silva JME. Reference Values in the 6-Minute Walk Test in Chilean Children Aged 3-10 Years and Relationship With Cardiometabolic Risk. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2025; 37:54-61. [PMID: 38307014 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of healthy Chilean children aged 3-10 years in the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and cardiometabolic risk variables and to determine sex- and age-specific reference values. METHODS This study involved 1165 healthy children (age = 6.36 [1.70] y old). The 6MWT was used to evaluate exercise performance. Furthermore, anthropometric measures were collected, like weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, and skin folds. Resting heart rate and blood pressure (BP) were also evaluated. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35.0% and 25.4% in preschoolers and 29.0% and 36.2% in school-age children, respectively, showing significant differences (P < .05) between age groups. The distance walked (6-min walk distance) increased significantly year on year at ages from 3 to 10 years. According to the regression analysis, 6MWT performance was positively related to age, systolic BP, and height, whereas it was negatively related to ∑4 skinfold fat, resting heart rate, diastolic BP, and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a reference equation and an age- and sex-adjusted percentile curve to assess the predicted 6MWT performance in a cohort of prepubertal Chilean children. The 6-minute walk distance depends mainly on age; however, other variables, such as resting heart rate, BP, skinfold fat, and waist circumference, add significant information and should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Latorre Román
- Departamento Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Universidad de Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Juan A Párraga Montilla
- Departamento Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Universidad de Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Karina E Andrade-Lara
- Departamento Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Universidad de Jaén, Spain
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Yu J, Cui J, Huang H, Zhang J, Li X, Ruan Y, Ou Z, Wang Z. Association between individual occupational noise exposure and overweight/obesity among automotive manufacturing workers in South China. BMC Public Health 2025; 25:249. [PMID: 39838332 PMCID: PMC11749157 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-21333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/23/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational noise has been associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. However, limited evidence exists regarding its association with obesity. We aim to investigate the effect of occupational noise exposure on the risk of overweight/obesity among workers, providing scientific evidence for the prevention and management of overweight/obesity in the occupational population. METHODS This study included 3427 participants from two factories in Guangzhou, China. Individual occupational noise exposure levels were assessed using cumulative noise exposure (CNE). Body mass index (BMI) data were obtained from physical examinations. Linear and logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline, as well as subgroup analyses, were used to explore the association. RESULTS In continuous models, each 1 dB-year increase in CNE was significantly associated with a 0.03 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.00, 0.05) kg/m² increase in BMI. In categorical models, higher CNE levels were significantly associated with BMI (β = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.92) and overweight/obesity (odd ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.21, 2.04). Restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis demonstrated a linear dose-response relationship between CNE and overweight/obesity (Pfor overall=0.013, Pfor non-linear=0.175). Additionally, shift and night work were identified as critical moderating factors, with a stronger association observed among workers engaged in shift and night work. CONCLUSION Occupational noise exposure is positively associated with overweight/obesity, particularly among those engaged in shift and night work. Thus, enhancing noise source management and promoting awareness among workers for prevention are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiaxin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haijuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Yanmei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Zejin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China.
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China.
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Wilson DK, Quattlebaum M, Sweeney AM, Simmons T, Kipp C, White T, Wood V, Van Horn ML, Martin P. Outcomes of the linking exercise for advancing daily stress (LEADS) management and resilience randomized pilot trial in African American adolescents and families. Ann Behav Med 2025; 59:kaaf034. [PMID: 40380317 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaf034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has examined the deleterious impact of racial stress on African Americans' mental and physical health; however, few interventions have focused on utilizing culturally salient protective factors to buffer the effect of racial stress on physical health outcomes. PURPOSE This pilot feasibility trial assessed the preliminary impact of Linking Exercise for Advancing Daily Stress (LEADS) Management and Resilience, a cultural and family-based resilience intervention aiming to increase physical activity and improve coping in overweight African American adolescents (N = 23 adolescent-caregiver dyads; adolescent Mage 14.0 ± 2.2; MBMI percentile 97.8; 61.9% female; Parents Mage 46.4 ± 8.8; MBMI 41.2 ± 7.6; 100.00% female). METHODS The 10-week feasibility trial tested an online family-based group resilience and health promotion program compared to an online health education only program. RESULTS Process evaluation demonstrated high feasibility and acceptability of both group programs. As hypothesized, among adolescents, the treatment means reflect an average increase of 4.31 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in the intervention group compared to an average decrease of 7.84 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in the health education group. For light physical activity, treatment means reflect an average increase of 11.08 min/day in the intervention group and an average decrease of 2.56 min/day in the health education group. Also, the intervention adolescents and parents had greater engagement in adaptive coping skills (active coping, religion to cope, cognitive reframing) from baseline to post-treatment than the health education group, and greater reductions in maladaptive, and passive coping skills (self-distraction) than the health education group. CONCLUSIONS This pilot feasibility trial demonstrates the acceptabity and feasibiity of integrating culturally sensitive strength-based interventions for African American families to promote health promotion behaviors and coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn K Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mary Quattlebaum
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Allison M Sweeney
- Department of Biobehavioral Health and Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Timothy Simmons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Colby Kipp
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Taylor White
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Vashti Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - M Lee Van Horn
- Department of Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Pamela Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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14
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Agbaria H, Mahamid F, Bdier D. Differences in severity of depression symptoms in overweight, obese and normal weight Palestinian children and adolescents. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2025; 11:e127. [PMID: 39776992 PMCID: PMC11704379 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Obesity is related to a wide variety of medical and psychological comorbidities which has short- and long-term effects on children's mental health. One of the most significant ones is depression. Thus, the current study utilized a descriptive methodology to explore the differences in depressive symptoms among overweight, obese, and normal-weight Palestinian children and adolescents. Data was collected from 270 Palestinian children and adolescents, aged (9-16) years: 85 with normal weight, 95 with over-weight and 90 obese. Findings showed that participants who are over-weight or obese exhibited more depressive symptoms than those with a normal weight. These findings showed that Palestinian children and adolescents who are over-weight or obese do experience depression and thus interventions should take this into account. In particular, it seems that over-weight boys or adolescents need more direct help in losing weight while obese children and adolescents who feel more helpless about their weight need serious psychological interventions. it is critical to offer psychological treatment as part of any weight loss intervention program for children and adolescents. Especially as these adolescents' families might encourage them to avoid seeking professional help and deal with the problem in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Agbaria
- Psychology and Counseling Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Fayez Mahamid
- Psychology and Counseling Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Dana Bdier
- Psychology and Counseling Department An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- Department of Human Sciences and Education, R.Massa University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Weisstaub G, González J, Orizola I, Borquez J, Monsalves-Alvarez M, Lera L, Troncoso R, Sepúlveda C. Validity and reliability of the step test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption in pediatric population. Sci Rep 2025; 15:592. [PMID: 39747315 PMCID: PMC11696093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-84336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness is the most important variable related to health and a strong predictor of mortality. However, it is rarely used in clinics due to costs, specialized equipment, space needs, and the requirements of expert staff such as an exercise physiologist, physician, or other health professional. This work aims to validate and test the reliability of a submaximal step test to estimate VO2max of 8-to 16-year-old pediatric populations as a simple and low-cost tool for clinical practice. A cross-sectional study included 242 children and adolescents (42.1% girls) aged 8-16. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by a maximal incremental test on a treadmill until exhaustion. The step test entailed maintaining a steady pace of 22 steps per minute for 3 min (60 bpm), with the heart rate being recorded at the end of the test. Nutritional status was computed through BMI z-score. A multiple linear regression model validated the step test and developed a new equation to predict VO2max, including the third-minute heart rate, weight, and height. The reliability among predicted and measured VO2max was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis. The mean age was 12.5 ± 2.6; 51.6% were overweight or obese. The cardiorespiratory fitness measured as VO2max was 35.01 ± 0.58 ml·min-1·kg-1. A robust correlation was observed between the predicted VO2max from the step test and the measured VO2max (r = 0.86, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis indicated statistical concordance between predicted and measured VO2max. Our findings indicate that the step test protocol is valid and reliable for estimating VO2max in children and adolescents. Furthermore, the predictive equation is suitable for application among children aged 8-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Weisstaub
- Laboratory of Nutritional Evaluation and Body Composition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José González
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Physical Activity Research (LABINAF), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Orizola
- Unidad de Fisiología Clinica del Ejercicio, Centro de Especialidades Médicas y Odontológicas, Dirección de Salud IM, El Bosque, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Borquez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Alvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lydia Lera
- Latin Division, Keiser University, Fort Laurderdale, USA
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Physical Activity Research (LABINAF), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Sepúlveda
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Physical Activity Research (LABINAF), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile.
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Dias TDS, Almondes KGDS, Firmino MAD, de Oliveira LFN, Freire WBDS, Barbosa F, Nogueira MDDA, Pires LV, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Mesas AE, Moreno LA, Maia CSC. Effect of Cashew Nut Consumption on Biomarkers of Copper and Zinc Status in Adolescents with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 17:163. [PMID: 39796597 PMCID: PMC11723122 DOI: 10.3390/nu17010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 12/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents with obesity have altered serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels, which are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and health outcomes. The inclusion of cashew nuts in an adequate diet may provide health benefits and help improve the mineral status of individuals with obesity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of cashew nut consumption on biomarkers of Cu and Zn status in adolescents with obesity. METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial conducted in adolescents. The participants were divided into a control group (CON) and a cashew nut group (CASN). The CASN group received 30 g/day of roasted cashew nuts for 12 weeks, and both groups received nutritional counseling during the study. Anthropometric, dietary, and biochemical parameters (Zn, Cu, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were assessed at the baseline and at the end of the study. Association tests, within-group and between-group mean comparisons, and analyses of variation between study periods (Δ T12-T0) were performed. RESULTS The sample consisted of 81 adolescents who completed the intervention period, resulting in 54 in the CASN group and 27 in the CON group. After the intervention, the CASN group presented a decrease in plasma Cu (p = 0.004) and an increase in SOD (p = 0.030). Both groups showed an increase in plasma Zn (p < 0.050) and a decrease in the Cu/Zn ratio (p < 0.001). CASN had a negative effect on the Cu concentration, which was significantly different from that of CON (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The consumption of cashew nuts for 12 weeks reduced plasma Cu levels in adolescents with obesity. Nutritional counseling may have contributed to the increase in plasma Zn levels in all the study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaynan dos Santos Dias
- Health Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (T.d.S.D.); (L.F.N.d.O.); (C.S.C.M.)
- Micronutrients and Non Communicable Disease Research Group, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.G.d.S.A.); (M.A.D.F.); (M.D.d.A.N.)
| | - Kaluce G. de S. Almondes
- Micronutrients and Non Communicable Disease Research Group, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.G.d.S.A.); (M.A.D.F.); (M.D.d.A.N.)
| | - Matheus A. D. Firmino
- Micronutrients and Non Communicable Disease Research Group, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.G.d.S.A.); (M.A.D.F.); (M.D.d.A.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe N. de Oliveira
- Health Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (T.d.S.D.); (L.F.N.d.O.); (C.S.C.M.)
- Micronutrients and Non Communicable Disease Research Group, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.G.d.S.A.); (M.A.D.F.); (M.D.d.A.N.)
| | - Walter B. de S. Freire
- Integrated Healthcare Center—Nami, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza 60811-905, Brazil;
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil;
| | - Maria Dinara de A. Nogueira
- Micronutrients and Non Communicable Disease Research Group, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.G.d.S.A.); (M.A.D.F.); (M.D.d.A.N.)
| | - Liliane V. Pires
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil;
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Cuenca, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Arthur E. Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Cuenca, Spain;
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, School of Health Science, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Carla S. C. Maia
- Health Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (T.d.S.D.); (L.F.N.d.O.); (C.S.C.M.)
- Micronutrients and Non Communicable Disease Research Group, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.G.d.S.A.); (M.A.D.F.); (M.D.d.A.N.)
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Ren Y, Huang P, Huang X, Zhang L, Liu L, Xiang W, Liu L, He X. Alterations of DNA methylation profile in peripheral blood of children with simple obesity. Health Inf Sci Syst 2024; 12:26. [PMID: 38505098 PMCID: PMC10948706 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-024-00275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association between DNA methylation and childhood simple obesity. Methods Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation was conducted on peripheral blood samples from 41 children with simple obesity and 31 normal controls to identify differentially methylated sites (DMS). Subsequently, gene functional analysis of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) was carried out. After screening the characteristic DMGs based on specific conditions, the methylated levels of these DMS were evaluated and verified by pyrosequencing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the predictive efficacy of corresponding DMGs. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis revealed the correlation between specific DMS and clinical data. Results The overall DNA methylation level in the obesity group was significantly lower than in normal. A total of 241 DMS were identified. Functional pathway analysis revealed that DMGs were primarily involved in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, human diseases, among other pathways. The characteristic DMS within the genes Transcription factor A mitochondrial (TFAM) and Piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1(PIEZO1) were recognized as CpG-cg05831083 and CpG-cg14926485, respectively. Furthermore, the methylation level of CpG-cg05831083 significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) and vitamin D. Conclusions Abnormal DNA methylation is closely related to childhood simple obesity. The altered methylation of CpG-cg05831083 and CpG-cg14926485 could potentially serve as biomarkers for childhood simple obesity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13755-024-00275-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
- Department of Pediatrics, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou, 570100 China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Genetics, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, 570100 China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, 570100 China
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Haikou, 570100 China
- Children’s Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100 China
| | - Liqun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
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Ogland-Hand C, Schulte J, Osborn LM, Yamoah O, Bebo P, Freedman DA. Healthy Eating in K-12 Schools: Assessing Readiness and Capacity to Guide SNAP-Ed Programming in Ohio. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 56:845-855. [PMID: 39340491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify themes essential to implementing policy, system, and environmental (PSE) interventions within kindergarten to 12th-grade (K-12) settings and provide associated indicators of readiness and capacity to support healthy eating PSE work among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) practitioners in Ohio. DESIGN Interview data were collected in Ohio from December, 2020 to May, 2021. PARTICIPANTS Ohio SNAP-Ed practitioners (n = 12), community residents with low income (n = 26), and K-12 experts statewide (n = 10) and nationally (n = 3). PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Healthy eating PSE implementation. ANALYSIS We conducted a qualitative analysis to identify themes and indicators related to implementing healthy eating PSEs in schools. During virtual consensus conferences (December, 2021-April, 2022), themes and indicators were sorted and ranked by perceived importance to PSE implementation. RESULTS Four themes and 14 indicators were identified. Expert-derived weights quantified the themes' importance to PSE implementation efforts in K-12. Themes included: (1) school system support and capacity (weight 0.372), (2) school food environment (0.278), (3) SNAP-Ed practitioner capacity and resources (0.192), and (4) familial influence and awareness (0.158). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Findings provide guidance for tailoring healthy eating PSEs in K-12 schools using local levels of readiness and capacity. Results highlight targeted areas of focus to support the implementation of healthy eating PSE interventions in K-12 schools through SNAP-Ed programming in diverse contexts. Future research is needed on the applicability of these findings based on feedback from school district staff and community members with children in different school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie Ogland-Hand
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jillian Schulte
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Anthropology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lindsay M Osborn
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Owusua Yamoah
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Pat Bebo
- College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Darcy A Freedman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
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19
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Gautam L, Thapa M, Pokhrel P, Bhusal S, Paudel K, Adhikari TB. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents in Nagarjun municipality: a cross-sectional study. BMJ PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 2:e001675. [PMID: 40018609 PMCID: PMC11816104 DOI: 10.1136/bmjph-2024-001675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Introduction Overweight and obesity are a growing global public health threat increasingly prevalent among adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries such as Nepal. These conditions are influenced by multifaceted social, behavioural, and habitual factors. Adolescents are particularly at risk due to changing dietary and lifestyle patterns. Additionally, the current nutritional shift, economic progress and rapid urbanisation pose significant threats to nutrition-related health outcomes. This study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents in Nepal. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to January 2023 among 768 randomly selected adolescents from 10 schools in the Nagarjun municipality of Nepal. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight were assessed using standard tools, and the corresponding body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Factors associated with overweight/obesity were examined using the χ2 tests, followed by logistic regression analyses. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05 and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). Results The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity among adolescents was 6.38% (95% CI 4.64% to 8.11%). The mean weight, height and BMI of the participants were 50.22±9.37 kg, 160.17±9.14 cm and 19.56±3.24 kg/m2, respectively. Adolescents studying in higher grades (AOR 3.61, 95% CI 1.26 to 10.30), uninvolved in any kind of physical activity (AOR 4.97, 95% CI 2.38 to 10.34) and various games and extracurricular activities at school (AOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.16 to 5.28) and consuming high-calorie sugar-rich foods as lunch (AOR 3.02, 95% CI 1.31 to 6.94) were more likely of being overweight/obese than their respective counterparts. Conclusion Overweight and obesity are significantly influenced by lifestyles that involve minimal to no physical activity and by the dietary habits of adolescents. The findings warrant interventions in educational and home settings aiming to improve the lifestyles of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Gautam
- Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Milan Thapa
- Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Public Health Arena, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Nepal Health Frontiers, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Poonam Pokhrel
- Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Public Health Arena, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sandesh Bhusal
- Nepal Health Frontiers, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kiran Paudel
- Nepal Health Frontiers, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tara Ballav Adhikari
- Nepal Health Frontiers, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Coll I, Vallejos D, Cuesta R, Domínguez J, Tomás P, López-Safont N. Prevalence of Oral Diseases and the Influence of the Presence of Overweight/Obesity in Schoolchildren Population in Mallorca. J Clin Med 2024; 13:7283. [PMID: 39685742 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13237283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The pediatric population is one of the social groups most affected by oral pathology, and overweight and/or obesity is increasingly frequently observed. This work presents a study of the prevalence of oral disease in the school population in Mallorca and its relationship with overweight/obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 718 students aged 5-6 (n = 255), 12 (n = 230) and 15 years (n = 233). The WHO criteria for diagnosing and coding examined teeth and overweight/obesity prevalence values. To explore the differences in data, the mean was analyzed using the Student's t-test or a one-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post hoc analysis. Results: Results found that students aged 15 years have a caries prevalence rate of 45.49%, higher than those aged 12 (27.39%). The presence of dental calculus in 15-year-old students is 52.8%, even higher than in 12-year-olds (30%). Students aged 6 and 12 with lower weight percentiles have fewer healthy teeth than those with higher percentiles. Conclusions: The schoolchildren have experienced a decrease in caries and an increase in periodontitis, with weight percentile potentially influencing the number of healthy teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Coll
- Faculty of Dentistry, University ADEMA School, C. Passamaners 11, 07009 Palma, Spain
- Health Group of University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Daniela Vallejos
- Faculty of Dentistry, University ADEMA School, C. Passamaners 11, 07009 Palma, Spain
- Health Group of University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Raúl Cuesta
- Faculty of Dentistry, University ADEMA School, C. Passamaners 11, 07009 Palma, Spain
- Health Group of University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- Faculty of Dentistry, University ADEMA School, C. Passamaners 11, 07009 Palma, Spain
- Health Group of University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Pilar Tomás
- Faculty of Dentistry, University ADEMA School, C. Passamaners 11, 07009 Palma, Spain
- Health Group of University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Nora López-Safont
- Faculty of Dentistry, University ADEMA School, C. Passamaners 11, 07009 Palma, Spain
- Health Group of University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
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21
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Dashti SM, Roshan FS, AkhavanAmjadi M. Effect of virtual education on health responsibility of overweight students during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:3145. [PMID: 39538224 PMCID: PMC11562095 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of obesity is increasing not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. In addition to the role of genetic and biological factors, policies such as the need for quarantine during the coronavirus epidemic and the family's behavioral and socioeconomic status in causing obesity cannot be ignored. The current research aimed to investigate the effect of virtual education programs on the health responsibility of overweight students during the outbreak of the Coronavirus. METHODS This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a randomized control group, which was conducted in three stages)pre-intervention, intervention, and post-intervention) during 2021-22 in Tehran Province, Iran. The samples were 60 adolescent girls aged 12-18 with a body mass index higher than 25 and placed in two test and control groups through random cluster sampling. Data was collected using the demographic information profile and the 12-item health responsibility questionnaire from HPLPII. The intervention was implemented as 6 virtual training sessions of 1.5 h for the test group. After 1.5 months, BMI was measured and a post-test was done. SPSS version 22 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS There was no significant change in the BMI of students after the intervention in the control group (p = 0.476), but it decreased significantly in the test group (p < 0.001). Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the average score of health responsibility in the test group (54.63± 6.93 ) and the control group (53.03± 6.79) (P = 0.370). After the intervention, the mean difference between the test group (62.56) and the control group (55.10) was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Before the intervention, about 70% of the students in both the test and control groups were at a relatively favorable health responsibility level. After the study, the number of students in the test group who were placed at a completely favorable level was almost twice as before, and a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups(P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed that virtual education during the outbreak of COVID-19 has led to an increase in the responsibility for the health of overweight and obese students (in terms of improving health behaviors, increasing the hours of physical activity, and modifying the eating pattern) and reducing the body mass index of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar MahjoubVagheae Dashti
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marjan AkhavanAmjadi
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Oei K, Johnston BC, Ball GDC, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Usman A, Sherifali D, Esmaeilinezhad Z, Merdad R, Dettmer E, Erdstein J, Langer JC, Birken C, Henderson M, Moore SA, Morrison KM, Hamilton J. Effectiveness of surgical interventions for managing obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis framed using minimal important difference estimates based on GRADE guidance to inform a clinical practice guideline. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13119. [PMID: 39362833 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the literature on bariatric surgery for managing pediatric obesity, including intervention effects to improve patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometry, and assess adverse events (AEs). METHODS Eligible studies were published between January 2012 and January 2022 and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational (controlled and uncontrolled) studies before and after surgery with a mean age <18 years old. Outcomes and subgroups were selected a priori by stakeholders; estimates of effect for outcomes were presented relative to minimal important differences (MIDs) and GRADE certainty of evidence. We examined data on PROMs, cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometry, and AEs. Subgroup analyses examined outcomes by follow-up duration and surgical technique, when possible. RESULTS Overall, 63 publications (43 original studies) met our inclusion criteria (n = 6128 participants; 66% female). Studies reported six different surgical techniques that were evaluated using uncontrolled single arm observational (n = 49), controlled observational (n = 13), and RCT (n = 1) designs. Most studies included short-term follow-up (<18 months) only. PROMs were measured in 12 (28%) studies. Surgery led to large improvements in health-related quality of life compared to baseline and control groups, and moderate to very large improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors compared to baseline. Large to very large improvements in BMIz were noted compared to baseline across all follow-up periods. There was limited evidence of AEs with most reporting mild or non-specific AEs; serious AEs were uncommon. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery demonstrated primarily moderate to very large improvements across diverse outcomes with limited evidence of AEs, albeit with low to moderate certainty of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Oei
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ali Usman
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Roah Merdad
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Jacob C Langer
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Birken
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Katherine M Morrison
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill Hamilton
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Chen Y, Qu F, Wei X, Song X, Wu R, Wang J, Cao Y, Guo N, Hua W, Tang X, Zhu D. Parental Feeding Practices, Weight Perception, and Children's Appetitive Traits Are Associated with Weight Trajectories in Preschoolers: A Longitudinal Study in China. Nutrients 2024; 16:3746. [PMID: 39519578 PMCID: PMC11547943 DOI: 10.3390/nu16213746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the trajectories of body mass index-for-age z-score (BAZ) in preschoolers and its association with parental feeding practices, weight perception, and children's appetitive traits. METHODS A total of 433 preschoolers and their parents from eight public kindergartens in Shanghai were assessed annually over two years. A group-based trajectory model was employed to identify distinct BAZ patterns. Logistic regression was utilized to investigate the baseline factors associated with the BAZ trajectories. RESULTS Three distinct BAZ trajectories were identified among the preschoolers: "low-stable group" (n = 154, 37.3%), "moderate-stable group" (n = 214, 47.3%), and "progressive overweight and obesity group" (n = 65, 15.4%). The children perceived as overweight and obese by parents (OR = 10.57, 95% CI: 4.89-22.86), and those with lower satiety responsiveness at baseline (OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.76-0.97) were more likely to fall into the progressive overweight and obesity group as opposed to the moderate-stable group. Conversely, the children perceived as underweight by parents (OR = 457, 95%CI: 2.71-7.70) had a higher likelihood of being in the low-stable group rather than the moderate-stable group. CONCLUSIONS This study unveiled three unique body weight trajectories among preschool children. Parental perception of children's weight and lower satiety responsiveness were associated with preschoolers' subsequent weight change, while parental feeding practices were not associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Chen
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.C.); (F.Q.); (X.W.); (X.S.); (R.W.); (N.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Fangge Qu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.C.); (F.Q.); (X.W.); (X.S.); (R.W.); (N.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Xiaoxue Wei
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.C.); (F.Q.); (X.W.); (X.S.); (R.W.); (N.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Xinyi Song
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.C.); (F.Q.); (X.W.); (X.S.); (R.W.); (N.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Ruxing Wu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.C.); (F.Q.); (X.W.); (X.S.); (R.W.); (N.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Jian Wang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King’s College London, London SE1 8WA, UK;
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden;
| | - Ningyuan Guo
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.C.); (F.Q.); (X.W.); (X.S.); (R.W.); (N.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Wenzhe Hua
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.C.); (F.Q.); (X.W.); (X.S.); (R.W.); (N.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Xianqing Tang
- Department of Children’s Disease Prevention, Jinyang Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 200136, China;
| | - Daqiao Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.C.); (F.Q.); (X.W.); (X.S.); (R.W.); (N.G.); (W.H.)
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24
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Villodres GC, Padial-Ruz R, Salas-Montoro JA, Muros JJ. Lifestyle Behaviours in Pre-Schoolers from Southern Spain-A Structural Equation Model According to Sex and Body Mass Index. Nutrients 2024; 16:3582. [PMID: 39519415 PMCID: PMC11547345 DOI: 10.3390/nu16213582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to examine the relationship between screen time (ST), sleep time (SLT), physical fitness (PF), Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence, eating behaviours, and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of pre-schoolers from Granada (Spain). In order to address this aim, an explanatory model was developed to examine existing relationships between ST, SLT, PF, MD, pro-intake (PRO-I) and anti-intake (ANT-I) behaviours, and BMI. Further, the proposed structural model was examined via multi-group analysis as a function of sex and BMI. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 653 three- to six-year-old pre-schoolers attending 18 different schools invited to take part in the present study. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to analyse relationships between study variables as a function of sex and BMI. RESULTS SEM analysis revealed negative associations between ST and PF (p < 0.005), ST and MD adherence (p < 0.005), ST and SLT (p < 0.005), MD adherence and ANT-I behaviours (p < 0.005), and MD adherence and BMI (p = 0.033). In contrast, positive associations emerged between SLT and MD adherence (p < 0.005), and PRO-I behaviours and BMI (p < 0.005). SEM revealed differences according to sex and BMI. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights significant relationships between lifestyle behaviours and physical and dietary outcomes in pre-schoolers from southern Spain, with variations based on sex and BMI. These findings suggest the need for interventions aimed at reducing ST and promoting better sleep, PF, and dietary habits in order to limit weight-related and general health risks in pre-schoolers from southern Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Cristina Villodres
- Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (G.C.V.); (R.P.-R.)
| | - Rosario Padial-Ruz
- Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (G.C.V.); (R.P.-R.)
| | - José-Antonio Salas-Montoro
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - José Joaquín Muros
- Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (G.C.V.); (R.P.-R.)
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Zhang WX, Strodl E, Yang WK, Yin XN, Wen GM, Sun DL, Xian DX, Zhao YF, Chen WQ. Combination effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure and nutrients supplement during pregnancy on obesity in Chinese preschool children. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1423556. [PMID: 39346637 PMCID: PMC11427257 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1423556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the combination effects of prenatal exposure to environment tobacco smoke (ETS) and nutrients supplement during pregnancy on childhood obesity in preschoolers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 58,814 child-mother dyads from 235 kindergartens in Longhua District of Shenzhen, China in 2021. A self-administered structured questionnaire was completed by mothers to collect socio-demographic characteristics, prenatal ETS exposure, and nutrients supplement in pregnancy, and preschoolers' heights and weights were measured at the same time. After controlling for potential confounding variables, logistic regression models and cross-analyses were used to examine the independent and combination effects of maternal prenatal ETS exposure and nutrients supplementation during pregnancy on obesity in preschool children. Results The results of our study showed that prenatal ETS exposure increased the risk of childhood obesity (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.11-1.34) in preschoolers. In addition, risk of childhood obesity was significantly higher when mothers didn't take supplements of multivitamins (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.05-1.20), folic acid (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.10-1.37) and iron (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04-1.19) during pregnancy. The cross-over analysis showed that the combination of prenatal ETS exposure with mothers taking no multivitamins (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.21-1.62), no folic acid (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.12-2.14) and no iron (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.19-1.59) during pregnancy also increased the risk of obesity among Chinese preschoolers. We also discovered additive interactive effects between prenatal ETS exposure and no maternal multivitamin, folic acid and iron supplementation in pregnancy on the risk of obesity in preschoolers. Conclusion The combination of prenatal exposure to ETS with no supplementation of these nutrients might jointly increase the risk of childhood obesity. Public health interventions are needed to reduce prenatal exposure to ETS and to encourage mothers to take appropriate multivitamin, folic acid and iron supplements during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wei-Kang Yang
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Na Yin
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Min Wen
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deng-Li Sun
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan-Xia Xian
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ya-Fen Zhao
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Gao G, Ou R, Chen W. Obesity influencing circulating levels of nutrients: Evidence from Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39594. [PMID: 39287227 PMCID: PMC11404870 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have established that obesity is associated with nutritional deficiencies, but the exact causality remains uncertain. Thus, this Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to identify the causal associations between obesity and circulating levels of nutrients. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with obesity (body mass index and waist-hip ratio), were extracted from a genome-wide association study of 694,649 European ancestry. Summary-level data for minerals (copper, selenium, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and potassium), and vitamins (folate, vitamins A, C, E, B6, and B12), albumin were obtained from the publicly available integrative epidemiology unit OpenGWAS database psychiatric genomics consortium. Inverse-variance weighted method several sensitivity analyses were conducted. Genetically predicted higher body mass index significantly decreased circulating levels of magnesium (β = -0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.10 to -0.03, P = 1.47 × 10-4), folate (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.04, P = 5.61 × 10-5), vitamin A (β = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.14 to -0.07, P = 3.10 × 10-9), vitamin E (β = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.06, P = 1.84 × 10-8), albumin (β = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.17 to -0.12, P = 9.89 × 10-28); whereas genetically predicted higher waist-hip ratio decreased circulating levels of magnesium (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.02, P = 1.87 × 10-3), folate (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.03, P = 9.87 × 10-4), vitamin C (β = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.04, P = 2.40 × 10-4), albumin (β = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.04, P = 3.72 × 10-5). The study supports a causal effect of obesity on lower circulating levels of nutrients. Our findings highlight the necessity of adjuvant nutrients in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guie Gao
- Department of Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruzhen Ou
- Department of Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Dai M, Dai S, Gu L, Xiang Z, Xu A, Lu S, Yang Y, Zhou C. Efficacy of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Overweight/Obese and/or T2DM Adolescents: A Meta-analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 16:323-333. [PMID: 38828884 PMCID: PMC11590762 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2024.2024-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on blood glucose and weight in adolescents with overweight/obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) aged <18 years. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to August 2023 comparing GLP-1RAs with placebo in overweight/obese and/or T2DM adolescents and extracted relevant data for meta-analysis. Results Fourteen RCTs were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 1,262 participants. Results revealed that the GLP-1RAs group had a more significant reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; risk difference (RD)=-0.34%, p<0.001) than the control group. However, there was no difference in fasting plasma glucose [fasting plasma glucose (FPG); RD=-2.07 mg/dL, p=0.065] between the two groups. Nonetheless, the experimental group that received exenatide showed no significant reduction in HbA1c (p=0.253) and FPG (p=0.611) between the two groups. The GLP-1RAs group had a more significant decline in body weight (RD=-4.28 kg, p=0.002) and body mass index (BMI) (RD=-1.63 kg/m2, p=0.002) compared to the control group. The experimental group was given liraglutide (RD=-2.31 kg, p=0.038) or exenatide (RD=-2.70 kg, p<0.001). Compared to the control group, the experimental group had a more significant drop in body weight than the control group. However, for the experimental group that received liraglutide, the BMI had a no significant reduction between the two groups (RD=-0.81 kg/m2, p=0.260). For the experimental group using exenatide, BMI declined more significantly in the intervention group than in the control group (RD=-1.14 kg/m2, p<0.001). Conclusion This study showed that GLP-1RAs reduced HbA1c, FPG, and weight loss in overweight/obese and/or T2DM adolescents. Liraglutide was better than exenatide in terms of glucose reduction. Nevertheless, in terms of weight control, exenatide was more effective than liraglutide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dai
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Senjie Dai
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihu Gu
- Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Clinic of General Surgery, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyi Xiang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anyi Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Ningbo Mingzhou Hospital, Clinic of Endocrinology, Zhejiang, China
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Gallego A, Olivares-Arancibia J, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, López-Gil JF. Socioeconomic Status and Rate of Poverty in Overweight and Obesity among Spanish Children and Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1020. [PMID: 39201954 PMCID: PMC11352377 DOI: 10.3390/children11081020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), poverty rate, and the prevalence of overweight/obesity or obesity in children and adolescents aged 2-14. METHODS Parents or guardians reported the weight and height of participants, used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-scores according to the International Obesity Task Force standards. Participants were categorized into "overweight/obesity" and "no overweight/obesity" and further into "obesity" and "no obesity". The rate of poverty rate was determined using data from the National Statistics Institute of Spain, defining it as the percentage of people with income below 60% of the national median. SES was based on the head of household's occupation and categorized into low, medium, and high levels. RESULTS Adjusted multilevel models showed participants with medium or high SES had lower odds of overweight/obesity compared to those with low SES (medium SES: odds ratio [OR]: 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.73; high SES: OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.70). Participants in the high-poverty group had higher odds of having overweight/obesity (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13-1.74) compared to the low-poverty group. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights significant socioeconomic disparities in childhood overweight/obesity, emphasizing the potential impact of SES and poverty on health outcomes in Spanish children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gallego
- Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- AFySE Group, Research in Physical Activity and School Health, School of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | | | - José Francisco López-Gil
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador;
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Seville, Spain
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Qu Y, Xu W, Guo S, Wu H. Association of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary intake with overweight and obesity among U.S. children: findings from NHANES. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2176. [PMID: 39135163 PMCID: PMC11318293 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood overweight/obesity is a serious problem that has not been adequately addressed. As a key factor affecting weight gain, the association between dietary intake with childhood overweight and obesity is still unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between sociodemographic, lifestyle factors and dietary intake with overweight or obesity. We used data from a large cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The U.S. children aged 6-15 years with both weight data and dietary data were included. For univariate analysis of sociodemographic data, t tests was performed for continuous variables and chi-square tests was performed for discrete variables. Dietary intakes were described by median and quartile, and differences in dietary intake between children with normal weight and children with overweight or obesity were compared by rank sum tests. A modern statistical shrinkage technique, LASSO regression was used to examine the association between dietary intake and childhood obesity. Our study confirms that Hispanic ethnicity, increasing age, passive exposure to smoking, higher protein intake, and higher caffeine intake were positively associated with child overweight or obesity. Additionally, non-Hispanic White race, higher physical activity levels, higher household income, and higher vitamin A intake were negatively associated with child overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangming Qu
- Department of Neonatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neonatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shijie Guo
- Department of Neonatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Neonatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Lara-Castor L, Micha R, Cudhea F, Miller V, Shi P, Zhang J, Sharib JR, Erndt-Marino J, Cash SB, Barquera S, Mozaffarian D. Intake of sugar sweetened beverages among children and adolescents in 185 countries between 1990 and 2018: population based study. BMJ 2024; 386:e079234. [PMID: 39111807 PMCID: PMC11305379 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2024-079234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify global intakes of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and trends over time among children and adolescents. DESIGN Population based study. SETTING Global Dietary Database. POPULATION Children and adolescents aged 3-19 years in 185 countries between 1990 and 2018, jointly stratified at subnational level by age, sex, parental education, and rural or urban residence. RESULTS In 2018, mean global SSB intake was 3.6 (standardized serving=248 g (8 oz)) servings/week (1.3 (95% uncertainly interval 1.0 to 1.9) in south Asia to 9.1 (8.3 to 10.1) in Latin America and the Caribbean). SSB intakes were higher in older versus younger children and adolescents, those resident in urban versus rural areas, and those of parents with higher versus lower education. Between 1990 and 2018, mean global SSB intakes increased by 0.68 servings/week (22.9%), with the largest increases in sub-Saharan Africa (2.17 servings/week; 106%). Of 185 countries included in the analysis, 56 (30.3%) had a mean SSB intake of ≥7 servings/week, representing 238 million children and adolescents, or 10.4% of the global population of young people. CONCLUSION This study found that intakes of SSBs among children and adolescents aged 3-19 years in 185 countries increased by 23% from 1990 to 2018, parallel to the rise in prevalence of obesity among this population globally. SSB intakes showed large heterogeneity among children and adolescents worldwide and by age, parental level of education, and urbanicity. This research should help to inform policies to reduce SSB intake among young people, particularly those with larger intakes across all education levels in urban and rural areas in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the growing problem of SSBs for public health in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lara-Castor
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renata Micha
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Frederick Cudhea
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Miller
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peilin Shi
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia R Sharib
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josh Erndt-Marino
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean B Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Barquera
- Research Center on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Yang Y, Zhang D, Chen B, Huang X. Nuts and seeds consumption impact on adolescent obesity: sex-specific associations from 2003 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:453-462. [PMID: 38356165 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2314682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The nutritional benefits and immunological advantages of consuming nuts and seeds are well-established. However, the link between nuts and seeds consumption and the susceptibility of being overweight or obese among adolescents is not clear. This study aims to explore this relationship in adolescents aged 12-19. Using a weighted multiple logistic regression model, we analysed data of the Food Patterns Equivalents Database and the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2018. We found a significant association between nuts and seeds consumption and a reduced odds of being overweight or obese in females. Specifically, females who habitually consumed nuts and seeds had lower odds of being overweight or obese (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32-0.94). Additionally, we found an L-shaped relationship between nuts and seeds consumption and appropriate waist-to-height ratio in males. The findings suggest that nuts and seeds consumption may contribute to healthier physical development in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiying Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Huang
- Hengyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hengyang, China
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Fabiano V, Calcaterra V. Editorial: New and old strategies to curb the obesity epidemic in children. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1448039. [PMID: 39022218 PMCID: PMC11252020 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1448039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fabiano
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Bizerea-Moga TO, Pitulice L, Bizerea-Spiridon O, Moga TV. Exploring the Link between Oxidative Stress, Selenium Levels, and Obesity in Youth. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7276. [PMID: 39000383 PMCID: PMC11242909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide increasing concern. Although in adults this is easily estimated with the body mass index, in children, who are constantly growing and whose bodies are changing, the reference points to assess weight status are age and gender, and need corroboration with complementary data, making their quantification highly difficult. The present review explores the interaction spectrum of oxidative stress, selenium status, and obesity in children and adolescents. Any factor related to oxidative stress that triggers obesity and, conversely, obesity that induces oxidative stress are part of a vicious circle, a complex chain of mechanisms that derive from each other and reinforce each other with serious health consequences. Selenium and its compounds exhibit key antioxidant activity and also have a significant role in the nutritional evaluation of obese children. The balance of selenium intake, retention, and metabolism emerges as a vital aspect of health, reflecting the complex interactions between diet, oxidative stress, and obesity. Understanding whether selenium status is a contributor to or a consequence of obesity could inform nutritional interventions and public health strategies aimed at preventing and managing obesity from an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofana Otilia Bizerea-Moga
- Department XI of Pediatrics-1st Pediatric Discipline, Center for Research on Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq No 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, ‘Louis Țurcanu’ Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Laura Pitulice
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timişoara, Pestallozi 16, 300115 Timişoara, Romania;
- The Institute for Advanced Environmental Research (ICAM), Popa Şapcă 4C, 300054 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Bizerea-Spiridon
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timişoara, Pestallozi 16, 300115 Timişoara, Romania;
- The Institute for Advanced Environmental Research (ICAM), Popa Şapcă 4C, 300054 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Voicu Moga
- Department VII of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology Discipline, Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq No 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
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Spiegler C, Jansen S, Burgard L, Wittig F, Brettschneider AK, Schlune A, Heuer T, Straßburg A, Roser S, Storcksdieck Genannt Bonsmann S, Ensenauer R. Unfavorable food consumption in children up to school entry age: results from the nationwide German KiESEL study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1335934. [PMID: 39010856 PMCID: PMC11246898 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1335934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evidence points toward the early life being crucial for preventing nutrition-related diseases. As promotion of healthier food preferences in toddlerhood and preschool age might still modulate the trajectories of disease risk, understanding diet in these age groups is necessary. The objective was to analyze food consumption and diet quality of 1-5-year-old children living in Germany in relation to age and sex. Methods Data from 890 children, a subsample of the representative, cross-sectional Children's Nutrition Survey to Record Food Consumption (KiESEL) conducted by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment in 2014-2017, were analyzed. Dietary data were collected using food records (3 consecutive plus 1 independent day). Diet quality was evaluated against the German food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG). Results Consumption of unfavorable foods (e.g., sweets, soft drinks) exceeded the recommended maximum of 10% of energy intake (E%) by a multiple in all age and sex groups (medians: 24.8-35.8 E%). Preschoolers consumed more unfavorable foods than toddlers and boys more than girls. More than half of the children exceeded the recommendation for meat intake (medians: 2.3-3.2% of the total food consumption (%TFC) vs. 2 %TFC), especially preschoolers. In nearly all children, vegetable consumption was too low (medians: 4.2-4.5 %TFC vs. 12 %TFC). Also, milk/milk product consumption was below recommendations, more so in preschoolers (median: 12.0 %TFC ♂, 11.9 %TFC ♀ vs. 18 %TFC) than in toddlers (median: 16.1 %TFC ♂, 19.6 %TFC ♀). In toddlers and preschoolers with overweight or obesity, adherence to dietary recommendations of these food groups was largely similar to that of the total sample. Overall, 5-year-olds showed an unhealthier dietary pattern than 1-year-olds, which already emerged at age 2 years and became more evident at age 3 years. Discussion An adverse dietary pattern arises and even deteriorates at a very young age, showing sex-specific aspects. High attention from public health and research needs to be given to toddlerhood and even earlier life phases, e.g., to develop more age-specific FBDGs, aiming at reducing unhealthy food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Spiegler
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sara Jansen
- Department of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Leonie Burgard
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Friederike Wittig
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Brettschneider
- Department of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlune
- Department of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heuer
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Straßburg
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Silvia Roser
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Presidential Office, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Regina Ensenauer
- Department of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Hanauer AD, Corrêa ZGD, Blazius G, Prates RC, Mastroeni MF. Direct costs for outpatient excess body weight treatment in Brazilian children and adolescents attending a public children's hospital. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100:444-454. [PMID: 38608721 PMCID: PMC11331229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the direct costs of treating excess body weight in children and adolescents attending a public children's hospital. METHODS This study analyzed the costs of the disease within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) for 2,221 patients with excess body weight using a microcosting approach. The costs included operational expenses, consultations, and laboratory and imaging tests obtained from medical records for the period from 2009 to 2019. Healthcare expenses were obtained from the Table of Procedures, Medications, Orthoses/Prostheses, and Special Materials of SUS and from the hospital's finance department. RESULTS Medical consultations accounted for 50.6% (R$703,503.00) of the total cost (R$1,388,449.40) of treatment over the period investigated. The cost of treating excess body weight was 11.8 times higher for children aged 5-18 years compared to children aged 2-5 years over the same period. Additionally, the cost of treating obesity was approximately 4.0 and 6.3 times higher than the cost of treating overweight children aged 2-5 and 5-18 years, respectively. CONCLUSION The average annual cost of treating excess body weight was R$138,845.00. Weight status and age influenced the cost of treating this disease, with higher costs being observed for individuals with obesity and children over 5 years of age. Additionally, the important deficit in reimbursement by SUS and the small number of other health professionals highlight the need for restructuring this treatment model to ensure its effectiveness, including a substantial increase in government investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Denise Hanauer
- Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Joinville, SC, Brazil; Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE), Curso de Medicina, Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Gleci Blazius
- Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE), Curso de Enfermagem, Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Coelho Prates
- Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabio Mastroeni
- Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Joinville, SC, Brazil; Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE), Curso de Medicina, Joinville, SC, Brazil; Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE), Curso de Enfermagem, Joinville, SC, Brazil.
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Bawaskar HS. India's forgotten children. Lancet 2024; 403:2782. [PMID: 38944521 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Himmatrao S Bawaskar
- Bawaskar Hospital and Clinical Research Centre, Mahad, Maharashtra 402301, India.
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37
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Zhao F, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang J, Xia Y, Jiang X, Zhou L, Khan A, Cheng S, Zou Z, Chen C, Qiu J. Association between protein-to-energy ratio and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents in the United States: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1383602. [PMID: 38983459 PMCID: PMC11232357 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1383602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The dietary protein proportion may be crucial in triggering overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional data from 4,336 children and adolescents who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and March 2020 were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Restricted cubic splines assessed the nonlinear relationships between dietary protein intake and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Results Adjusted logistic regression models showed that each 1% increase in dietary protein proportion was associated with a 4% higher risk of overweight and obesity (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07). A nonlinear relationship was noted in children aged 6-11 years (P < 0.05), as demonstrated by restricted cubic spline analysis. After dividing dietary protein intake into quartiles, the highest quartile had an adjusted OR of 2.07 (95% CI: 1.35, 3.16, P = 0.001) compared to the lowest, among children aged 6-11 years. Conclusion Dietary protein intake is positively linked to overweight and obesity in American children, irrespective of individual characteristics and total energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoyi Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Mao S, Qian G, Xiao K, Xu H, Zhou H, Guo X. Study on the relationship between body mass index and blood pressure indices in children aged 7-17 during COVID-19. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1409214. [PMID: 38962763 PMCID: PMC11220196 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1409214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI), age, sex, and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, SBP; diastolic blood pressure, DBP) in children during COVID-19, providing reference for the prevention and screening of hypertension in children. Methods This study adopted a large-scale cross-sectional design to investigate the association between BMI and blood pressure in 7-17-year-old students in City N, China, during COVID-19. Thirty-six primary and secondary schools in City N were sampled using a stratified cluster sampling method. A total of 11,433 students aged 7-17 years in City N, China, were selected for blood pressure (Diastolic blood pressure, DBP, Systolic blood pressure, SBP), height, and weight, Resting heart rate (RHR), chest circumference, measurements, and the study was written using the STROBE checklist. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0, calculating the mean and standard deviation of BMI and blood pressure for male and female students in different age groups. Regression analysis was employed to explore the impact of BMI, age, and sex on SBP and DBP, and predictive models were established. The model fit was evaluated using the model R2. Results The study included 11,287 primary and secondary school students, comprising 5,649 boys and 5,638 girls. It was found that with increasing age, BMI and blood pressure of boys and girls generally increased. There were significant differences in blood pressure levels between boys and girls in different age groups. In regression models, LC, Age, BMI, and chest circumference show significant positive linear relationships with SBP and DBP in adolescents, while RHR exhibits a negative linear relationship with SBP. These factors were individually incorporated into a stratified regression model, significantly enhancing the model's explanatory power. After including factors such as Age, Gender, and BMI, the adjusted R2 value showed a significant improvement, with Age and BMI identified as key predictive factors for SBP and DBP. The robustness and predictive accuracy of the model were further examined through K-fold cross-validation and independent sample validation methods. The validation results indicate that the model has a high accuracy and explanatory power in predicting blood pressure in children of different weight levels, especially among obese children, where the prediction accuracy is highest. Conclusion During COVID-19, age, sex, and BMI significantly influence blood pressure in children aged 7-17 years, and predictive models for SBP and DBP were established. This model helps predict blood pressure in children and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Confirmation of factors such as sex, age, and BMI provide a basis for personalized health plans for children, especially during large-scale infectious diseases, providing guidance for addressing health challenges and promoting the health and well-being of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuJie Mao
- Graduate Development, Harbin Sport University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - GuoPing Qian
- Faculty of Sports Medicine, Gdansk University of Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - KaiWen Xiao
- Discipline Development Office, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Sports and Health, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hao Zhou
- Teaching Evaluation Center, Nanjing Police University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - XiuJin Guo
- Discipline Development Office, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Liu X, Peng G, Liu R, Zang X, Zou C, Sun H, Zhu Q, Geng H, Liang J. Follow-up study to explore the relationship between Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and impaired fasting glucose-using the group-based trajectory modeling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14064. [PMID: 38890369 PMCID: PMC11189411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated a link between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG), but the findings have been disputed. By conducting a real-world follow-up study, we can monitor the development of diseases and confirm the connection between NLR and IFG. A total of 1168 patients without IFG or T2DM were followed up for six years. At baseline, participants' NLR levels, fasting plasma glucose and other clinical characteristics were recorded. During the follow-up period, NLR levels and the prevalence of IFG were recorded. Ultimately, 45 individuals were lost to follow-up, leaving 1,123 participants for analysis. Using Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM), the sample was divided into three groups. The prevalence of IFG in the three groups was 12.1%, 19.4%, and 20.85%, respectively. Compared with the low-level NLR group, the hazard ratio of IFG in the moderate-level NLR group and high-level NLR group were 1.628 (1.109-2.390) and 1.575 (1.001-2.497), respectively. There was a significant interaction effect of BMI and NLR on the risk of IFG (P < 0.001). In this real-world follow-up study, we observed a positive association between NLR and the risk of IFG, with this relationship being exacerbated by obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical Collage, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Ran Liu
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Zang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical Collage, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caiyan Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical Collage, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haojie Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical Collage, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Quanshan Taishan Community Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Houfa Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical Collage, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Liang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Welsh A, Hammad M, Piña IL, Kulinski J. Obesity and cardiovascular health. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:1026-1035. [PMID: 38243826 PMCID: PMC11144464 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has risen to epidemic levels worldwide over the past few decades and has become a huge global health burden owing to its direct contribution to the development of some of the most prevalent chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is a disease of positive energy balance resulting from complex interactions between abnormal neurohumoral responses and an individual's socioeconomic, environmental, behavioural, and genetic factors leading to a state of chronic inflammation. Understanding the complex nature of the disease is crucial in determining the best approach to combat its rising numbers. Despite recent advancements in pharmacological therapy for the treatment of obesity, reversing weight gain and maintaining weight loss is challenging due to the relapsing nature of the disease. Prevention, therefore, remains the key which needs to start in utero and continued throughout life. This review summarizes the role obesity plays in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases both by directly affecting endothelial and myocyte function and indirectly by enhancing major cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia. We highlight the importance of a holistic approach needed to prevent and treat this debilitating disease. Particularly, we analyse the effects of plant-based diet, regular exercise, and non-exercise activity thermogenesis on obesity and overall cardiorespiratory fitness. Moreover, we discuss the significance of individualizing obesity management with a multimodal approach including lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery to tackle this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Welsh
- Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W. Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Muhammad Hammad
- Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W. Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ileana L Piña
- Division of Cardiology, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Kulinski
- Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W. Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Chen Z, Qiu X, Wang Q, Wu J, Li M, Niu W. Serum vitamin D and obesity among US adolescents, NHANES 2011-2018. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1334139. [PMID: 38836246 PMCID: PMC11148364 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1334139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Childhood obesity is highly prevalent worldwide. We aimed to assess whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was associated with general/central obesity among US adolescents, and further to explore the mediatory impact of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) on this association. Methods This study is cross-sectional in design. Study adolescents were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2018. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D categories associated with general (indexed by body mass index) and central (indexed by waist circumference to height ratio) obesity were regressed. The possible mediatory effect of HOMA-IR on this association was explored. The nonlinear and dose-response association was examined by restricted cubic spline (RCS) test. Results Total 2,696 adolescents were eligible for inclusion, and the mean age of all adolescents was 15.4 years. Overall, the percentage of general and central obesity was 38.0% and 38.6%, respectively. Compared with adolescents with sufficient vitamin D, adolescent with deficient and insufficient vitamin D intake were associated with general obesity and central obesity; fully-adjusted OR for general obesity was 1.602 (95% CI: 1.161-2.211) and 1.659 (1.385-1.986), and fully-adjusted OR for central obesity was 2.025 (1.445-2.837) and 1.557 (1.287-1.884), respectively, while there was no observable significance in adolescents with possibly harmful vitamin D. The proportion mediated by HOMA-IR was estimated to be 31.7% for global obesity and 50.3% for central obesity (both P < 0.05). More stratified analyses were presented, and identified that the association with general obesity was particularly present among Mexican American, while with central obesity among Non-Hispanic Black adolescents. Conclusions Our findings indicate that deficient or insufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were associated with the significant risk of general and central obesity among US adolescents, and approximately 30% and 50%, respectively, of these associations were mediated by HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojin Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenquan Niu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Colapelle J, St-Pierre J, Erdstein J, Lands LC. Reduced exercise capacity for muscle mass in adolescents living with obesity. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:1227-1235. [PMID: 38294147 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents living with obesity (AlwO) can have limited exercise capacity. Exercise capacity can be predicted by a 2-factor model comprising lung function and leg muscle function, but no study has looked at cycling leg muscle function and its contribution to cycling exercise capacity in AlwO. METHODS Twenty-two nonobese adolescents and 22 AlwO (BMI > 95 percentile) were studied. Anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), spirometry, 30-s isokinetic work capacity, and maximal exercise (cycle ergometry) were measured. RESULTS AlwO had greater total body mass, lean body mass, and lean leg mass (LLM). Lung function trended higher in AlwO. Leg 30-s work did not differ in absolute terms or per allometrically scaled LLM. Peak oxygen consumption did not differ between the groups in absolute terms or as percent predicted values (79.59 ± 14.6 vs. 82.3 ± 11.2% predicted control versus ALwO) but was lower in AlwO when expressed per kg body mass, kg lean body mass, scaled lean body mass, and LLM. Peak oxygen consumption related to both lung function and 30-s work, with no observed group effect. 30-s leg work related to the scaled LLM, with a small group effect. There was some correlation between leg work and time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity in AlwO (rs = 0.39, p = .07). CONCLUSION AlwO have larger LLM and preserved exercise capacity, when expressed as percentage of predicted, but not per allometrically scaled LLM. Increasing time spent in moderate to vigorous activity may benefit AlwO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Colapelle
- Experimental Medicine, McGill University Experimental Medicine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- General Pediatrics, Maison de Santé Prévention Clinique 180, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julius Erdstein
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Adolescent Medicine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Larry C Lands
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Roumi Z, Salimi Z, Mahmoudi Z, Mobarakeh KA, Ladaninezhad M, Zeinalabedini M, Keshavarz Mohammadian M, Shamsi‐Goushki A, Saeedirad Z, Bahar B, Khoshdooz S, Kalantari N, Azizi Tabesh G, Doaei S, Gholamalizadeh M. Efficacy of a Comprehensive Weight Reduction Intervention in Male Adolescents With Different FTO Genotypes. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e00483. [PMID: 38556726 PMCID: PMC10982462 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FTO gene polymorphisms may influence the effects of lifestyle interventions on obesity. The present study aimed to assess the influence of the rs9930506 FTO gene polymorphism on the success of a comprehensive weight loss intervention in male adolescents with overweight and obesity. METHODS This study was carried out on 96 adolescent boys with overweight and obesity who were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 53) and control (n = 43) groups. The blood samples of the participants were collected, and the FTO gene was genotyped for the rs9930506 polymorphism. A comprehensive lifestyle intervention including changes in diet and physical activity was performed for 8 weeks in the intervention group. RESULTS Following the lifestyle intervention, BMI and fat mass decreased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group (both p < 0.05), while no change was found in weight, height or body muscle percentage between the groups. The participants in the intervention group with the AA/AG genotype and not in carriers of the GG genotype had a significantly higher reduction in BMI (-1.21 vs. 1.87 kg/m2, F = 4.07, p < 0.05) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION The intervention in individuals with the AA/AG genotype has been significantly effective in weight loss compared with the control group. The intervention had no association effect on anthropometric indices in adolescents with the GG genotype of the FTO rs9930506 polymorphism. TRIAL REGISTRATION Name of the registry: National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; Trial registration number: IRCT2016020925699N2; Date of registration: 24/04/2016; URL of trial registry record: https://www.irct.ir/trial/21447.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Roumi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi Mobarakeh
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Maryam Ladaninezhad
- School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mobina Zeinalabedini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Ali Shamsi‐Goushki
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Zahra Saeedirad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health SciencesUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | - Sara Khoshdooz
- Faculty of MedicineGuilan University of Medical ScienceRashtIran
| | - Naser Kalantari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ghasem Azizi Tabesh
- Genomic Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Vega-Ramírez L. Exploring the Influence of a Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Program on Childhood Well-Being: A Comparative Study in Primary School Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:418. [PMID: 38673329 PMCID: PMC11049796 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Childhood is a crucial stage of human development in which the lifestyles children adopt can have a significant impact on their well-being throughout their lives. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the healthy habits and Body Mass Index (BMI) of students from a primary school that participated in a program to promote physical activity and healthy eating one year earlier with other students from two schools that had not participated in this type of program. We analyzed a sample of 287 Spanish students, aged between 8 and 12 years. A survey of healthy habits was completed, and anthropometric data were taken to determine their Body Mass Index (BMI). The questionnaire data indicated that there are some significant differences (p = ≤ 0.05) in the consumption of some unhealthy foods between the evaluated groups. An amount of 11% of the sample was considered obese and 26% were overweight; no significant differences were found between the groups. This study suggests that the healthy habits strategy implemented by a school improves pupils' habits, especially in reducing the consumption of unhealthy foods. Despite the positive effects, the data indicate that these programs fall short of government recommendations, particularly in areas such as physical activity and certain dietary choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilyan Vega-Ramírez
- EDUCAPHYS Research Group, Department of General and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
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Tsai CC, Chiu MH, Kek HP, Yang MC, Su YT, Liu HK, Wu MS, Yeh YT. The Reduced Gut Lachnospira Species Is Linked to Liver Enzyme Elevation and Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3640. [PMID: 38612453 PMCID: PMC11011648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate gut dysbiosis and its metabolic and inflammatory implications in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study included 105 children and utilized anthropometric measurements, blood tests, the Ultrasound Fatty Liver Index, and fecal DNA sequencing to assess the relationship between gut microbiota and pediatric MAFLD. Notable decreases in Lachnospira spp., Faecalibacterium spp., Oscillospira spp., and Akkermansia spp. were found in the MAFLD group. Lachnospira spp. was particularly reduced in children with MAFLD and hepatitis compared to controls. Both MAFLD groups showed a reduction in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis sequences. Lachnospira spp. correlated positively with flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and negatively with insulin levels and insulin resistance. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and total cholesterol levels were inversely correlated with flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Reduced Lachnospira spp. in children with MAFLD may exacerbate insulin resistance and inflammation through reduced flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, offering potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsi Chiu
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, No. 151, Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, No. 151, Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Poh Kek
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
| | - Ming-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsun Su
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Kuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, No. 151, Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, No. 151, Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
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Azevedo-Martins AK, Santos MP, Abayomi J, Ferreira NJR, Evangelista FS. The Impact of Excessive Fructose Intake on Adipose Tissue and the Development of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:939. [PMID: 38612973 PMCID: PMC11013923 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, childhood obesity cases continue to rise, and its prevalence is known to increase the risk of non-communicable diseases typically found in adults, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, comprehending its multiple causes to build healthier approaches and revert this scenario is urgent. Obesity development is strongly associated with high fructose intake since the excessive consumption of this highly lipogenic sugar leads to white fat accumulation and causes white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated adipokine release. Unfortunately, the global consumption of fructose has increased dramatically in recent years, which is associated with the fact that fructose is not always evident to consumers, as it is commonly added as a sweetener in food and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Therefore, here, we discuss the impact of excessive fructose intake on adipose tissue biology, its contribution to childhood obesity, and current strategies for reducing high fructose and/or free sugar intake. To achieve such reductions, we conclude that it is important that the population has access to reliable information about food ingredients via food labels. Consumers also need scientific education to understand potential health risks to themselves and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karenina Azevedo-Martins
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Matheus Pedro Santos
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Julie Abayomi
- School of Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK;
| | - Natália Juliana Ramos Ferreira
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Fabiana S. Evangelista
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
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Wu X, Liu Q, Li Y, Yue M, Su Q, Luo J, Li Y, Zeng S, Gao J. Urinary neonicotinoid concentrations and obesity: A cross-sectional study among Chinese adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123516. [PMID: 38346638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological and toxicological studies on neonicotinoids and obesity have been relevant to adults and young children, but data are limited in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the association between urinary neonicotinoid concentrations and obesity measures among Chinese adolescent. A total of 524 urine samples from 300 boys (11.3-16.1 years) and 224 girls (12.1-15.8 years) were collected to detect the concentrations of eleven neonicotinoids. Generalized linear regression, weighted quantile sum regression (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to estimate covariate-adjusted associations between detectable neonicotinoids and ten indicators of obesity. Nitenpyram concentration was associated with increased body mass index z-score (β = 0.170, 95% CI: 0.041, 0.299) and greater odds of being general obesity (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.11, 5.46). N-desmethyl- acetamiprid concentration was associated with an increase in waist-to-height ratio (β = 0.102, 95% CI: 0.029, 0.176) and waist-to-hip ratio (β = 0.083, 95% CI: 0.011, 0.155). The concentrations of clothianidin (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.88) and flonicamid (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.07, 5.32) were associated with greater odds of being abdominal obesity. In contrast, the concentrations of imidacloprid (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.88) and thiacloprid (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.99) were associated with lower odds of being general obesity. The estimates of general obesity and abdominal obesity increased significantly when concentrations of neonicotinoids mixture were at or above the 55th and 65th percentiles, respectively, compared to the 50th percentile concentration. Sex modified the association between nitenpyram and clothianidin and the risk of obesity with a positive association among boys, and a nonsignificant inverse association among girls. The findings suggest that these associations may be mixed and sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yin Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Min Yue
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Chongqing Shapingba Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Qian Su
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jinzhu Luo
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shaohua Zeng
- China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, PR China
| | - Jieying Gao
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Zhang R, Gao M, Li W, Liu H, Wang S, Wang H, Li N, Li J, Yu Z, Hu G, Leng J, Yang X. Adverse birth outcomes and childhood overweight at age of 3-8 years in a prospective cohort study in Tianjin, China. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076438. [PMID: 38479738 PMCID: PMC10936480 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore associations between adverse birth outcomes and childhood overweight at 3-8 years of age. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING Six central urban districts of Tianjin, China. PARTICIPANTS 1681 woman-child pairs. METHODS 1681 woman-child pairs were followed up for 8 years in Tianjin, China. Demographic and clinical information including birth outcomes was collected longitudinally, commencing from first antenatal care visit till postpartum period. Offspring height and weight were measured at 3-8 years of age. High and low weight/length ratios (WLR) at birth were, respectively, defined as ≥90th and ≤10th gestational week and sex-specific percentiles. Overweight for children at 3-5 and 6-8 years of age were, respectively, defined as body mass index (BMI)-for-age and -sex above the 2 z-score and 1 z-score curves of the WHO's child growth standards. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to obtain ORs and 95% CI with a stepwise backward selection method to select independent predictors. PRIMARY OUTCOMES MEASURES Childhood overweight. RESULTS Of 1681 children, 10.7% (n=179) and 27.8% (n=468) developed overweight at 3-5 and 6-8 years of age, respectively. Large for gestational age (LGA) was associated with increased risk of overweight at 3-5 years of age (aOR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.72) while high WLR at birth was associated with increased risk of overweight at 6-8 years of age (1.82, 1.41 to 2.34). Low WLR at birth was associated with decreased risk of overweight at 6-8 years of age (0.52, 0.30 to 0.90). CONCLUSIONS LGA and high WLR at birth predicted childhood overweight at 3-5 and 6-8 years of age, respectively. Low WLR at birth was associated with decreased risk of childhood overweight at 6-8 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ninghua Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Junhong Leng
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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Pizzi JF, Carrada CF, Zeferino MVDS, Doriguêtto PVT, Abreu LG, Scalioni FAR, Devito KL, Ribeiro RA. Overweight/obesity and dental caries in Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e015. [PMID: 38477801 PMCID: PMC11376620 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to assess the association between overweight/obesity and dental caries in Brazilian children/adolescents. Searches were performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed, Embase and SciELO, Lilacs and Open Grey literature databases up to June 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies, the checklist for cohort studies, and the checklist for case-control studies were used. A total of 41 publications were included, and 15 meta-analyses were performed. The authors analyzed the differences in weighted mean difference (MD) and odds ratios (OR), and their corresponding confidence intervals (CI) (95%) for dental caries among eutrophic and obese and/or overweight children/adolescents. Meta-analyses showed that there was no association between overweight and/or obesity and dental caries in Brazilian children/adolescents for most anthropometric reference curves using BMI (Body Mass Index). A greater experience of dental caries was associated with well-nourished adolescents in permanent dentition, compared with obese individuals in the same dentition, as classified by the CDC 2000 curve (OR = 2.53, 95% CI;1.49-4.29; p = 0.0006; I2 = 0%) in dichotomous outcome studies, and (MD = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.08-1.15; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%) in continuous studies. The strength of the evidence of the results was classified as very low, low or moderate. It was concluded that there is no association between overweight and/or obesity and dental caries in Brazilian children/adolescents for most anthropometric reference curves using BMI. A greater experience of dental caries was associated with well-nourished adolescents in permanent dentition, compared with obese individuals in the same dentition, as classified by the CDC 2000 curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Faria Pizzi
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Faria Carrada
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde - Suprema, School of Dentistry, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Schoool of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health for Children and Adolescents, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almeida Ribeiro Scalioni
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentistry, Department of Social and Paediatric Dentistry; Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Karina Lopes Devito
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentristry, Department of Dental Clinic, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Almeida Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentistry, Department of Social and Paediatric Dentistry; Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Piesch L, Stojan R, Zinner J, Büsch D, Utesch K, Utesch T. Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns on Body Mass Index of Primary School Children from Different Socioeconomic Backgrounds. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:20. [PMID: 38429549 PMCID: PMC10907325 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is associated with various health outcomes. Restrictive measures to contain the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, like lockdowns and school closures, affected children's daily structure, physical activity, dietary habits, and sleep quality, possibly exacerbating risk factors for childhood obesity and higher body mass index (BMI) in children. Poor socioeconomic conditions may have led to relatively higher risk for elevated BMI levels following pandemic measures. In this study, the impact of measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the BMI of third graders was investigated regarding children's socioeconomic background (SEB). METHODS Data from 41,728 children (8.84 ± 0.56 years, 20,431 female) were collected in the context of a cohort study. Children were tested either before the pandemic (preCOVID: Sept2017-March2020, n = 26,314), or following the first (postLDI: Aug2020-Dec2020, n = 6657) or second lockdown in Germany (postLDII: Aug2021-Jan2022, n = 8757). SEB was based on the official school type classification of the state of Berlin. Outcome was BMI standard deviation scores (SDS). RESULTS Significant effects of Time and SEB revealed elevated BMIs in postLDI (M = 0.23, p = 0.011) and postLDII (M = 0.22, p = 0.011) compared to preCOVID (M = 0.17) cohorts and higher BMIs for children with lower SEB (b = - 0.13, p < 0.001). A significant Time × SEB interaction indicated that the effect of SEB on children's BMI increased in response to lockdowns, especially in postLDII (b = - 0.05, p = 0.006). Results suggest that the COVID-19-related measures lead to increased BMI in children, and that children of lower SEB were at particular risk for higher BMIs following lockdowns. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the dependency of children's BMI on societal circumstances. Over the course of two lockdowns in Germany, children have experienced BMI increments, particularly in low socioeconomic areas. Authorities are called into action to counteract increasing rates of childhood weight by promoting physical activity of children and establishing related post-pandemic offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Piesch
- Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Münster, Bispinghof 5/6, 48143, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Stojan
- Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Münster, Bispinghof 5/6, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Zinner
- Deutsche Hochschule für Gesundheit und Sport, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Büsch
- Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Utesch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Utesch
- Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Münster, Bispinghof 5/6, 48143, Münster, Germany.
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