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Lei L, Zhang X, Wang B, Lei F, Dai L, Sun X, Zhao Y, Zhu P, Zou J. Effects of sleep-disordered breathing on serum lipid levels in children:a case control study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:220. [PMID: 38561714 PMCID: PMC10983664 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) during childhood is common and includes a range of breathing abnormalities that range from primary snoring (PS) to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).Studies have shown that not only OSAS, but also PS, which is originally considered harmless, could cause cardiovascular, cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial problems. Many researches are focused on the relation of OSA and serum lipid levels. However, little studies are focused on PS and serum lipid levels in children.We evaluated whether serum lipid (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) concentrations were associated with specific components of SDB, including indices of oxygen reduction index, lowest oxygen saturation, mean oxygen saturation. And we explored whether serum lipid levels were associated with different degree sleep disordered (PS and OSA group) and obese. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Children who were complained by their guardians with habitual snoring and(or) mouth breathing were collected in the SDB group. Normal children without sleep problem were matched in the control group. Subjects in the SDB group underwent polysomnography. The serum lipid profiles of all the children included TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations were measured by appropriate enzymatic assays. RESULTS A total of 241 with Apnea/Hypopnea Index ≥ 5 (AHI) were assigned to the OSAS group and the remaining 155 with normal AHI were assigned to the PS group. The values of TC, TG, LDL-C and LDL/HDL were significantly higher in the OSAS group than in the PS group, and the values in the PS group were significantly higher than the control group. Multiple regression analysis revealed serum TG only correlated negatively with lowest oxygen saturation. Body mass index-z score has a positive effect on TG in all the 1310 children (P = 0.031) and in SDB 396 children(P = 0.012). The level of serum TG in obese group was significantly higher than that in non-obese group. CONCLUSIONS SDB had a very obvious effect on blood lipids, whereas PS without apnea and hypoxia. Obese only affects the aggregation of TG. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR1900026807(2019.10.23).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head&Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - XiaoYun Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head&Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head&Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Lei
- Department of Sleep Medical Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Dai
- West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoru Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head&Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head&Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head&Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
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Koos B, Unterberg M, Rahmel T, Adamzik M. [Immunometabolism in Sepsis]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2024; 59:78-94. [PMID: 38354729 DOI: 10.1055/a-2070-3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Immunometabolism is a fascinating field of research that investigates the interactions between metabolic processes and the immune response. This intricate connection plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammatory reactions and consequently exerts a significant impact on the course of sepsis. The proinflammatory response during an immune reaction is closely tied to a high energy demand in immune cells. As a result, proinflammatory immune cells rapidly require substantial amounts of energy in the form of ATP, necessitating a fundamental and swift shift in their metabolism, i.e., their means of generating energy. This entails a marked increase in glycolysis within the proinflammatory response, thereby promptly meeting the energy requirements and providing essential metabolic building blocks for the biosynthesis of macromolecules. Alongside glycolysis, there is heightened activity in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The PPP significantly contributes to NADPH production within the cell, thus maintaining redox equilibrium. Elevated PPP activity consequently leads to an increased NADPH level, resulting in enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). While these molecules are crucial for pathogen elimination, an excess can also induce tissue damage. Simultaneously, there are dual interruptions in the citric acid cycle. In the cellular resting state, the citric acid cycle acts as a sort of "universal processor", where metabolic byproducts of glycolysis, fatty acid breakdown, and amino acid degradation are initially transformed into NADH and FADH2, subsequently yielding ATP. While the citric acid cycle and its connected oxidative phosphorylation predominantly generate energy at rest, it becomes downregulated in the proinflammatory phase of sepsis. The two interruptions lead to an accumulation of citrate and succinate within cells, reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, the significantly heightened glycolysis through fermentation yields lactate, a pivotal metabolite for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis. Conversely, cells in an anti-inflammatory state revert to a metabolic profile akin to the resting state: Glycolysis is attenuated, PPP is suppressed, and the citric acid cycle is reactivated. Of particular interest is that not only does the immune reaction influence metabolic pathways, but this connection also operates in reverse. Thus, modulation of metabolic pathways also modulates the immunity of the corresponding cell and thereby the state of the immune system itself. This could potentially serve as an intriguing avenue in sepsis therapy.
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van de Langenberg D, Dollé MET, van Kerkhof LWM, Vermeulen RCH, Vlaanderen JJ. Effects of Nightshift Work on Blood Metabolites in Female Nurses and Paramedic Staff: A Cross-sectional Study. Ann Work Expo Health 2023; 67:694-705. [PMID: 37186247 PMCID: PMC10394501 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nightshift work disturbs the circadian rhythm, which might contribute to the development of cardio-metabolic disorders. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to gain insight into perturbations of disease relevant metabolic pathways due to nightshift work. We characterized the metabolic profiles of 237 female nurses and paramedic staff participating in the Klokwerk study using the Nightingale Health platform. We performed analyses on plasma levels of 225 metabolites, including cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids, and amino acids. Using both principal component- and univariate-regression, we compared metabolic profiles of nightshift workers to metabolic profiles from workers that did not work night shifts (defined as day workers). We also assessed whether differential effects were observed between recently started versus more experienced workers. Within the group of nightshift workers, we compared metabolic profiles measured right after a nightshift with metabolic profiles measured on a day when no nightshift work was conducted. We observed evidence for an impact of nightshift work on the presence of unfavorable fatty acid profiles in blood. Amongst the fatty acids, effects were most prominent for PUFA/FA ratios (consistently decreased) and SFA/FA ratios (consistently elevated). This pattern of less favorable fatty acid profiles was also observed in samples collected directly after a night shift. Amino acid levels (histidine, glutamine, isoleucine, and leucine) and lipoproteins (especially HDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) were elevated when comparing nightshift workers with day workers. Amino acid levels were decreased in the samples that were collected directly after working a nightshift (compared to levels in samples that were collected during a non-nightshift period). The observed effects were generally more pronounced in samples collected directly after the nightshift and among recently started compared to more experienced nightshift workers. Our finding of a suggested impact of shift work on impaired lipid metabolism is in line with evidence that links disruption of circadian rhythmicity to obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella van de Langenberg
- IRAS, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- RIVM, Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- RIVM, Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W M van Kerkhof
- RIVM, Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- IRAS, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle J Vlaanderen
- IRAS, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Docosahexaenoic Acid Counteracts the Hypoxic-Induced Inflammatory and Metabolic Alterations in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214600. [PMID: 36364860 PMCID: PMC9659308 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia is caused by the excessive expansion of the white adipose tissue (AT) and is associated with obesity-related conditions such as insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid reported to have beneficial health effects. However, the effects of DHA in AT against hypoxia-induced immune-metabolic perturbations in adipocytes exposed to low O2 tension are not well known. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of DHA on markers of inflammation, metabolism, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 cell adipocytes exposed to low O2 tension (1% O2) induced hypoxia. Methods: The apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) rates were evaluated. Metabolic parameters such as lactate, FFA, glycerol release, glucose uptake, and ATP content were assessed by a fluorometer. The expression of HIF-1, GLUT1 and the secretion of adipocytokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and pro-inflammatory markers was evaluated. Results: DHA-treated hypoxic cells showed significantly decreased basal free fatty acid release, lactate production, and enhanced glucose consumption. In addition, DHA-treatment of hypoxic cells caused a significant reduction in the apoptosis rate and ROS production with decreased lipid peroxidation. Moreover, DHA-treatment of hypoxic cells caused a decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, MCP-1) and leptin and increased adiponectin secretion compared with hypoxic cells. Furthermore, DHA-treatment of hypoxic cells caused significant reductions in the expression of genes related to hypoxia (HIF-1, HIF-2), anaerobic metabolism (GLUT1 and Ldha), ATP production (ANT2), and fat metabolism (FASN and PPARY). Conclusion: This study suggests that DHA can exert potential anti-obesity effects by reducing the secretion of inflammatory adipokines, oxidative stress, lipolysis, and apoptosis.
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Enayati A, Ghojoghnejad M, Roufogalis BD, Maollem SA, Sahebkar A. Impact of Phytochemicals on PPAR Receptors: Implications for Disease Treatments. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:4714914. [PMID: 36092543 PMCID: PMC9453090 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4714914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor family. PPARs have attracted wide attention as pharmacologic mediators to manage multiple diseases and their underlying signaling targets. They mediate a broad range of specific biological activities and multiple organ toxicity, including cellular differentiation, metabolic syndrome, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation related to their up/downstream signaling pathways. Consequently, several types of selective PPAR ligands, such as fibrates and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), have been approved as their pharmacological agonists. Despite these advances, the use of PPAR agonists is known to cause adverse effects in various systems. Conversely, some naturally occurring PPAR agonists, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and natural endogenous PPAR agonists curcumin and resveratrol, have been introduced as safe agonists as a result of their clinical evidence or preclinical experiments. This review focuses on research on plant-derived active ingredients (natural phytochemicals) as potential safe and promising PPAR agonists. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive review and critique of the role of phytochemicals in PPARs-related diseases and provides an understanding of phytochemical-mediated PPAR-dependent and -independent cascades. The findings of this research will help to define the functions of phytochemicals as potent PPAR pharmacological agonists in underlying disease mechanisms and their related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghojoghnejad
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Basil D. Roufogalis
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Adel Maollem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Fisk HL, Childs CE, Miles EA, Ayres R, Noakes PS, Paras-Chavez C, Antoun E, Lillycrop KA, Calder PC. Dysregulation of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Environment Modelling in Non-Insulin Resistant Obesity and Responses to Omega-3 Fatty Acids – A Double Blind, Randomised Clinical Trial. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922654. [PMID: 35958557 PMCID: PMC9358040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with enhanced lipid accumulation and the expansion of adipose tissue accompanied by hypoxia and inflammatory signalling. Investigation in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) in people living with obesity in which metabolic complications such as insulin resistance are yet to manifest is limited, and the mechanisms by which these processes are dysregulated are not well elucidated. Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) have been shown to modulate the expression of genes associated with lipid accumulation and collagen deposition and reduce the number of inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue from individuals with insulin resistance. Therefore, these lipids may have positive actions on obesity associated scWAT hypertrophy and inflammation. Methods To evaluate obesity-associated tissue remodelling and responses to LC n-3 PUFAs, abdominal scWAT biopsies were collected from normal weight individuals and those living with obesity prior to and following 12-week intervention with marine LC n-3 PUFAs (1.1 g EPA + 0.8 g DHA daily). RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and histochemical staining were used to assess remodelling- and inflammatory-associated gene expression, tissue morphology and macrophage infiltration. Results Obesity was associated with scWAT hypertrophy (P < 0.001), hypoxia, remodelling, and inflammatory macrophage infiltration (P = 0.023). Furthermore, we highlight the novel dysregulation of Wnt signalling in scWAT in non-insulin resistant obesity. LC n-3 PUFAs beneficially modulated the scWAT environment through downregulating the expression of genes associated with inflammatory and remodelling pathways (P <0.001), but there were altered outcomes in individuals living with obesity in comparison to normal weight individuals. Conclusion Our data identify dysregulation of Wnt signalling, hypoxia, and hypertrophy, and enhanced macrophage infiltration in scWAT in non-insulin resistant obesity. LC n-3 PUFAs modulate some of these processes, especially in normal weight individuals which may be preventative and limit the development of restrictive and inflammatory scWAT in the development of obesity. We conclude that a higher dose or longer duration of LC n-3 PUFA intervention may be needed to reduce obesity-associated scWAT inflammation and promote tissue homeostasis. Clinical Trial Registration www.isrctn.com, identifier ISRCTN96712688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L Fisk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline E Childs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ayres
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Noakes
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Freemantle, WA, Australia
| | | | - Elie Antoun
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Fisk HL, Childs CE, Miles EA, Ayres R, Noakes PS, Paras-Chavez C, Kuda O, Kopecký J, Antoun E, Lillycrop KA, Calder PC. Modification of subcutaneous white adipose tissue inflammation by omega-3 fatty acids is limited in human obesity-a double blind, randomised clinical trial. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103909. [PMID: 35247847 PMCID: PMC8894262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with enhanced inflammation. However, investigation in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is limited and the mechanisms by which inflammation occurs have not been well elucidated. Marine long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory actions and may reduce scWAT inflammation. Methods Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) biopsies were collected from individuals living with obesity (n=45) and normal weight individuals (n=39) prior to and following a 12-week intervention with either 3 g/day of a fish oil concentrate (providing 1.1 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 0.8 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) or 3 g/day of corn oil. ScWAT fatty acid, oxylipin, and transcriptome profiles were assessed by gas chromatography, ultra-pure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR, respectively. Findings Obesity was associated with greater scWAT inflammation demonstrated by lower concentrations of specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and hydroxy-DHA metabolites and an altered transcriptome with differential expression of genes involved in LC n-3 PUFA activation, oxylipin synthesis, inflammation, and immune response. Intervention with LC n-3 PUFAs increased their respective metabolites including the SPM precursor 14-hydroxy-DHA in normal weight individuals and decreased arachidonic acid derived metabolites and expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory response with a greater effect in normal weight individuals. Interpretation Downregulated expression of genes responsible for fatty acid activation and metabolism may contribute to an inflammatory oxylipin profile and limit the effects of LC n-3 PUFAs in obesity. There may be a need for personalised LC n-3 PUFA supplementation based on obesity status. Funding European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (Grant Number 244995) and Czech Academy of Sciences (Lumina quaeruntur LQ200111901).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L Fisk
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
| | - Caroline E Childs
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ayres
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Noakes
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Medical School, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Carolina Paras-Chavez
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecký
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elie Antoun
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Adipocyte Biology from the Perspective of In Vivo Research: Review of Key Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010322. [PMID: 35008748 PMCID: PMC8745732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both significant contributors to the contemporary pandemic of non-communicable diseases. Both disorders are interconnected and associated with the disruption of normal homeostasis in adipose tissue. Consequently, exploring adipose tissue differentiation and homeostasis is important for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders. The aim of this work is to review the consecutive steps in the postnatal development of adipocytes, with a special emphasis on in vivo studies. We gave particular attention to well-known transcription factors that had been thoroughly described in vitro, and showed that the in vivo research of adipogenic differentiation can lead to surprising findings.
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Dysregulation of endocannabinoid concentrations in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in obesity and modulation by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:185-200. [PMID: 33393630 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is believed to be associated with a dysregulated endocannabinoid system which may reflect enhanced inflammation. However, reports of this in human white adipose tissue (WAT) are limited and inconclusive. Marine long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory actions and therefore may improve obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Therefore, fatty acid (FA) concentrations, endocannabinoid concentrations, and gene expression were assessed in subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) biopsies from healthy normal weight individuals (BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2) and individuals living with metabolically healthy obesity (BMI 30-40 kg/m2) prior to and following a 12-week intervention with 3 g fish oil/day (1.1 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 0.8 g DHA) or 3 g corn oil/day (placebo). WAT from individuals living with metabolically healthy obesity had higher n-6 PUFAs and EPA, higher concentrations of two endocannabinoids (anandamide (AEA) and eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPEA)), higher expression of phospholipase A2 Group IID (PLA2G2D) and phospholipase A2 Group IVA (PLA2G4A), and lower expression of CNR1. In response to fish oil intervention, WAT EPA increased to a similar extent in both BMI groups, and WAT DHA increased by a greater extent in normal weight individuals. WAT EPEA and docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA) increased in normal weight individuals only and WAT 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) decreased in individuals living with metabolically healthy obesity only. Altered WAT fatty acid, endocannabinoid, and gene expression profiles in metabolically healthy obesity at baseline may be linked. WAT incorporates n-3 PUFAs when their intake is increased which affects the endocannabinoid system; however, effects appear greater in normal weight individuals than in those living with metabolically healthy obesity.
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The effect of omega3 fatty acid supplementation on PPARγ and UCP2 expressions, resting energy expenditure, and appetite in athletes. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:48. [PMID: 33964966 PMCID: PMC8106165 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Omega3 fatty acids as a ligand of energy-related genes, have a role in metabolism, and energy expenditure. These effects are due to changes in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and uncoupling protein2 (UCP2). This study evaluated the effect of omega3 supplements on PPARγ mRNA expression and UCP2 mRNA expression and protein levels, as regulators of energy metabolism, resting energy expenditure (REE), and appetite in athletes. Methods In a 3-week double-blind RCT in Tabriz, Iran, in 2019, 36 male athletes, age 21.86 (±3.15) y with 16.17 (±5.96)% body fat were randomized to either an intervention (2000 mg/day omega3; EPA: 360, DHA: 240) or placebo (2000 mg/day edible paraffin) groups. Appetite and REE were assessed before and after the intervention. PPARγ and UCP2 mRNA expression and UCP2 protein levels in blood were evaluated by standard methods. Results Results showed PPARγ mRNA levels, and UCP2 mRNA and protein levels increased in omega3 group (p < 0.05), as did REE (p < 0.05). Also, differences in the sensation of hunger or satiety were significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings showed that omega3 supplementation leads to the up-regulation of PPARγ and UCP2 expressions as the indicators of metabolism in healthy athletes.
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Wu S, Zhu C, Wang Z, Wang S, Yuan P, Song T, Hou X, Lei Z. Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:604469. [PMID: 33987149 PMCID: PMC8110710 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.604469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Influences of fish oil supplementation on body weight and other cardiometabolic factors in overweight or obese children and adolescents remain not fully understood. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the role of fish oil for these children. Methods: Relevant studies were obtained by search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane's Library databases. A random-effect model, which incorporates the potential heterogeneity of the included studies, was used to pool the results. Results: Twelve RCTs including 1,028 overweight or obese children and adolescents were included. Compared to control, fish oil supplementation significantly reduced body mass index [BMI, mean difference (MD): -0.96 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.69 to -0.23, P = 0.01] but did not significantly reduce body weight or waist circumference (P = 0.68 and 0.76). Moreover, fish oil supplementation significantly reduced serum triglyceride (MD: -0.24 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.40 to -0.08, P = 0.004) but did not significantly affect serum total cholesterol and high-density or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.83, 0.42, and 0.31, respectively). Additionally, fish oil supplementation significantly lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP, MD: -2.46 mmHg, 95% CI: -4.93 to -0.01, P = 0.04) but did not significantly change diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.22). Supplementation with fish oil did not significantly affect fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.33). Conclusions: In overweight or obese children and adolescents, supplementation with fish oil could reduce BMI, decrease serum triglyceride, and lower SBP, while serum cholesterol and fasting glucose may not be significantly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Wu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hainan Maternal and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Chunhong Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhixian Lei
- Department of Critical Medicine, Hainan Maternal and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
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12
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Liu YM, Wu TH, Chiu YH, Wang H, Li TL, Hsia S, Chan YL, Wu CJ. Positive Effects of Preventive Nutrition Supplement on Anticancer Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer Bearing Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2445. [PMID: 32872195 PMCID: PMC7565278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the major treatments for non-small cell lung cancer, but RT-associated toxicities usually impede its anticancer effect. Nutrient supplementation has been applied for cancer prevention or a complementary measure to anticancer therapy. Here, we explored the influence of total nutrition supplementation before and after cancer occurrence on the anticancer benefit and side effects of RT. (2) Methods: C57BL/6JNarl mice were inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma cells and then treated with radiotherapy. TNuF, a total nutrition formula, was prescribed by oral gavage. In the preventive groups, TNuF supplementation started from seven days before tumor inoculation. In the complementary groups, TNuF supplementation began after tumor inoculation. (3) Results: TNuF successfully enhanced the anticancer effect of RT against primary tumor and lung metastasis. Additionally, the complementary supplement improved the high serum TNF-α level and the wasting of sartorius muscle in mice receiving RT. In histologic and molecular analysis, TNuF was observed to modulate EGFR, apoptosis, and VEGF and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways. Furthermore, the anticancer benefit of the preventive supplement was comparable to that of the complementary administration. (4) Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the prescription of the TNuF total nutrition formula before and after cancer diagnosis attains similar benefits in testing subjects with typical anticancer RT. TNuF is also a potential sensitizer to anti-PD-1 immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Liu
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Wu
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33320, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Chiu
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Junior College, Yilan 26647, Taiwan;
- Institute of Long-term Care, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Hang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Simon Hsia
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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13
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Kasture V, Sundrani D, Dalvi S, Swamy M, Kale A, Joshi S. Maternal omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E improve placental angiogenesis in late-onset but not early-onset preeclampsia. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 461:159-170. [PMID: 31420792 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal placental vasculature is associated with preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is of two types, i.e., early- and late-onset preeclampsia (LOP), both having different etiologies. We have earlier demonstrated low levels of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E in women with preeclampsia. The current study examines the effect of maternal omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E supplementation on angiogenic factors in a rat model of preeclampsia. Pregnant rats were divided into a total of five groups control, early-onset preeclampsia (EOP); LOP; EOP supplemented with omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin E and LOP supplemented with omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin E. Preeclampsia was induced by administering L-nitroarginine methylester (L-NAME) at the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight/day. The vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression and protein levels were lower (p < 0.01 for both) in animals from both EOP as well as LOP groups (p < 0.01). In the EOP group, the protein levels of VEGF receptor-1 were also lower (p < 0.01). Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E to LOP improved the levels of VEGF and VEGF receptor-1 only in the LOP but not in the EOP group. In the EOP group, the gene expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in the placenta was higher (p < 0.05) and supplementation normalized these levels. Our findings indicate that maternal supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E has differential effect on preeclampsia subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Kasture
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Deepali Sundrani
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Surabhi Dalvi
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Mayur Swamy
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Anvita Kale
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
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14
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Hao H, Fu M, Yan R, He B, Li M, Liu Q, Cai Y, Zhang X, Huang R. Chemical composition and immunostimulatory properties of green alga Caulerpa racemosa var peltata. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1646216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huili Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manqin Fu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baolin He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiabiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimian Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Feng Y, Zhang S, Li L, Li LM. The cis-trans binding strength defined by motif frequencies facilitates statistical inference of transcriptional regulation. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:201. [PMID: 31074378 PMCID: PMC6509875 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key problem in systems biology is the determination of the regulatory mechanism corresponding to a phenotype. An empirical approach in this regard is to compare the expression profiles of cells under two conditions or tissues from two phenotypes and to unravel the underlying transcriptional regulation. We have proposed the method BASE to statistically infer the effective regulatory factors that are responsible for the gene expression differentiation with the help from the binding data between factors and genes. Usually the protein-DNA binding data are obtained by ChIP-seq experiments, which could be costly and are condition-specific. RESULTS Here we report a definition of binding strength based on a probability model. Using this condition-free definition, the BASE method needs only the frequencies of cis-motifs in regulatory regions, thereby the inferences can be carried out in silico. The directional regulation can be inferred by considering down- and up-regulation separately. We showed the effectiveness of the approach by one case study. In the study of the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), namely, docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) diets on mouse small intestine cells, the inferences of regulations are consistent with those reported in the literature, including PPARα and NFκB, respectively corresponding to enhanced adipogenesis and reduced inflammation. Moreover, we discovered enhanced RORA regulation of circadian rhythm, and reduced ETS1 regulation of angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS With the probabilistic definition of cis-trans binding affinity, the BASE method could obtain the significances of TF regulation changes corresponding to a gene expression differentiation profile between treatment and control samples. The landscape of the inferred cis-trans regulations is helpful for revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms. Particularly we reported a more comprehensive regulation induced by EPA&DHA diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yance Feng
- National Center of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- National Center of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Li
- National Center of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei M Li
- National Center of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
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16
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Amatruda M, Ippolito G, Vizzuso S, Vizzari G, Banderali G, Verduci E. Epigenetic Effects of n-3 LCPUFAs: A Role in Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2118. [PMID: 31035722 PMCID: PMC6539774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity represents an important public health issue worldwide and is strongly linked to metabolic alterations such as hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. The constellation of these conditions is commonly known as Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Metabolic syndrome is not just a simple cluster of metabolic complications due to excess of adipose tissue, but is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Evidence from several human and animal studies suggests that environmental and nutritional exposure during pregnancy may affect the newborn development and future health through epigenetic changes, playing a potential role in determining obesity and obesity-related complications. Understanding how nutritional epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the "transgenerational risk" for obesity and metabolic dysfunction is crucial in order to develop early prevention strategies for children's health. Nutrigenetics is the science that studies the role of nutrients in gene expression. Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs) are known for their health benefits, especially in relation to their ability to modulate inflammation and improve some obesity-associated comorbidities, mainly by decreasing plasma triglycerides. Recent nutrigenetic research is focusing on the potential role of LCPUFAs in influencing epigenetic markers. In this review, we present the most recent updates about the possible interaction between n-3 LCPUFAs and epigenetic pathways in metabolic syndrome. Literature from MEDLINE® and the Cochrane database between May 2005 and December 2018 has been scanned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Amatruda
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, I - 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulio Ippolito
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, I - 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Vizzuso
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, I - 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Vizzari
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, I - 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Banderali
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, I - 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, I - 20142 Milan, Italy.
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17
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Gu Y, Liu C, Zheng N, Jia W, Zhang W, Li H. Metabolic and Gut Microbial Characterization of Obesity-Prone Mice under a High-Fat Diet. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1703-1714. [PMID: 30793608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized with high heterogeneity due to genetic abnormality, energy imbalance, gut dysbiosis, or a combination of all three. Obesity-prone (OP) and -resistant (OR) phenotypes are frequently observed in rodents, even in those given a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with chow or a HFD for 8 weeks. OP and OR mice were defined based on body weight gain, and integrated serum metabolic and gut microbial profiling was performed by the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy-based metabolomic sequencing and pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA of cecum contents. A total of 60 differential metabolites were identified in comparisons among Con, OP, and OR groups, in which 27 were OP-related. These differential metabolites are mainly involved in glycolysis, lipids, and amino acids metabolism and the TCA cycle. Meanwhile, OP mice had a distinct profile in gut microbiota compared to those of OR or Con mice, which showed a reduced ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and increased Proteobacteria. Moreover, the gut microbial alteration of OP mice was correlated with the changes of the key serum metabolites. OP-enriched Parasutterella from the Proteobacteria phylum correlated to most of metabolites, suggesting that it was essential in obesity. OP mice are distinct in metabolic and gut microbial profiles, and OP-related metabolites and bacteria are of significance for understanding obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Bengbu Medical College , Anhui Province 233030 , China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai 200233 , China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu , Hawaii 96813 , United States
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China.,Department of Phytochemistry, College of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Houkai Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
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18
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Jamilian M, Samimi M, Mirhosseini N, Afshar Ebrahimi F, Aghadavod E, Taghizadeh M, Asemi Z. A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial Investigating the Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation on Gene Expression Related to Insulin Action, Blood Lipids, and Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-Fish Oil Supplementation and Gestational Diabetes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020163. [PMID: 29385062 PMCID: PMC5852739 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy, and it is mostly associated with postpartum diabetes, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Fish oil (omega-3) supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of different chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancers, though the evidence of its impact on gestational diabetes is scarce. Our goal in this study was to determine the effect of fish oil administration on gene expression related to insulin action, blood lipids, and inflammation in women with GDM. Participants with GDM (n = 40), aged 18–40 years, were randomized to take either 1000 mg fish oil capsules, containing 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg docosahexaenoic acid (n = 20), or placebo (n = 20) twice a day for 6 weeks. Gene expression related to insulin, lipids, and inflammation was quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of GDM women using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results of RT-PCR indicated that omega-3 supplementation upregulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (P = 0.04) in PBMCs of patients with GDM, compared with the placebo. In addition, gene expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) (P < 0.001), interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P = 0.007), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P = 0.01) was downregulated in PBMCs of women with GDM, following omega-3 supplementation. No significant effect of omega-3 supplementation was indicated on gene expression of IL-8 in PBMCs of patients with GDM. Overall, fish oil supplementation for 6 weeks in women with GDM significantly improved gene expression of PPAR-γ, IL-1, and TNF-α, but not gene expression of IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Jamilian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak 6618634683, Iran.
| | - Mansooreh Samimi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran.
| | | | - Faraneh Afshar Ebrahimi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran.
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran.
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19
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Khadge S, Sharp JG, Thiele GM, McGuire TR, Klassen LW, Duryee MJ, Britton HC, Dafferner AJ, Beck J, Black PN, DiRusso CC, Talmadge J. Dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate hepatic pathology. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 52:92-102. [PMID: 29175671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modulate inflammation; however, few studies have focused on the pathobiology of PUFA using isocaloric and isolipidic diets and it is unclear if the associated pathologies are due to dietary PUFA composition, lipid metabolism or obesity, as most studies compare diets fed ad libitum. Our studies used isocaloric and isolipidic liquid diets (35% of calories from fat), with differing compositions of omega (ω)-6 or long chain (Lc) ω-3 PUFA that were pair-fed and assessed hepatic pathology, inflammation and lipid metabolism. Consistent with an isocaloric, pair-fed model we observed no significant difference in diet consumption between the groups. In contrast, the body and liver weight, total lipid level and abdominal fat deposits were significantly higher in mice fed an ω-6 diet. An analysis of the fatty acid profile in plasma and liver showed that mice on the ω-6 diet had significantly more arachidonic acid (AA) in the plasma and liver, whereas, in these mice ω-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were not detected and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was significantly lower. Histopathologic analyses documented that mice on the ω-6 diet had a significant increase in macrovesicular steatosis, extramedullary myelopoiesis (EMM), apoptotic hepatocytes and decreased glycogen storage in lobular hepatocytes, and hepatocyte proliferation relative to mice fed the Lc ω-3 diet. Together, these results support PUFA dietary regulation of hepatic pathology and inflammation with implications for enteral feeding regulation of steatosis and other hepatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswoti Khadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - John Graham Sharp
- Depatment of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Lynell W Klassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Michael J Duryee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Holly C Britton
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Alicia J Dafferner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Jordan Beck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | | | - James Talmadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
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20
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Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Modulates Obesity and Interacts with Obesity-Related Genes. Lipids 2017; 52:803-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Dossi CG, Cadagan C, San Martín M, Espinosa A, González-Mañán D, Silva D, Mancilla RA, Tapia GS. Effects of rosa mosqueta oil supplementation in lipogenic markers associated with prevention of liver steatosis. Food Funct 2017; 8:832-841. [PMID: 28128380 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01762b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rosa mosqueta (RM) oil is rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA) - a precursor of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and it has a high antioxidant activity due to its abundant content of tocopherols. Additionally, it has been observed that RM oil administration prevents hepatic steatosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the antilipogenic mechanism related to RM oil administration in a high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice model by evaluating markers associated with the regulation of lipid droplet metabolism (PLIN2, PLIN5 and PPAR-γ), and proteins associated with lipogenesis (FAS and SREBP-1c). C57BL/6J mice were fed either a control diet or a HFD, with and without RM oil supplementation for 12 weeks. The results showed that RM oil supplementation decreases hepatic PLIN2 and PPAR-γ mRNA expression and SREBP-1c, FAS and PLIN2 protein levels, whereas we did not find changes in the level of PLIN5 among the groups. These results suggest that modulation of lipogenic markers could be one of the mechanisms, through which RM oil supplementation prevents the hepatic steatosis induced by HFD consumption in a mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila G Dossi
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cynthia Cadagan
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcela San Martín
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel González-Mañán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - David Silva
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo A Mancilla
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Gladys S Tapia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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22
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Garay-Lugo N, Domínguez-Lopez A, Miliar García A, Aguilar Barrera E, Gómez López M, Gómez Alcalá A, Martínez Godinez MDLA, Lara-Padilla E. n-3 Fatty acids modulate the mRNA expression of the Nlrp3 inflammasome and Mtor in the liver of rats fed with high-fat or high-fat/fructose diets. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 38:353-63. [PMID: 27367537 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1208221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is evidence that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-PUFAs) can inhibit mTORC1, which should potentiate autophagy and eliminate NLRP3 inflammasome activity. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effect of a high-fat or high-fat/fructose diet with and without n-3-PUFAs on hepatic gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the mRNA expression by RT-PCR of Mtor, Nlrp3, and other 22 genes associated with inflammation in rats livers after a 9-week diet. The dietary regimens were low-fat (control, CD), high-fat (HF), high-fat/fructose (HF-Fr), and also each of these supplemented with n-3-PUFAs (CD-n-3-PUFAs, HF-n-3-PUFAs, and HF-Fr-n-3-PUFAs). These data were processed by GeneMania and STRING databases. RESULTS Compared to the control, the HF group showed a significant increase (between p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001) in 20 of these genes (Il1b, Il18, Rxra, Nlrp3, Casp1, Il33, Tnf, Acaca, Mtor, Eif2s1, Eif2ak4, Nfkb1, Srebf1, Hif1a, Ppara, Ppard, Pparg, Mlxipl, Fasn y Scd1), and a decrease in Sirt1 (p < 0.05). With the HF-Fr diet, a significant increase (between p < 0.05 and p < 0.005) was also found in the expression of 16 evaluated genes (Srebf1, Mlxipl, Rxra, Abca1, Il33, Nfkb1, Hif1a, Pparg, Casp1, Il1b, Il-18, Tnf, Ppard, Acaca, Fasn, Scd1), along with a decrease in the transcription of Mtor and Elovl6 (p < 0.05). Contrarily, many of the genes whose expression increased with the HF and HF-Fr diets did not significantly increase with the HF-n-3-PUFAs or HF-Fr-n-3-PUFAs diet. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We found the interrelation of the genes for the mTORC1 complex, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and other metabolically important proteins, and that these genes respond to n-3-PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garay-Lugo
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Aarón Domínguez-Lopez
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Angel Miliar García
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Eliud Aguilar Barrera
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Modesto Gómez López
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Alejandro Gómez Alcalá
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Maria de Los Angeles Martínez Godinez
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
| | - Eleazar Lara-Padilla
- b Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México
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23
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Effects of DHA-enriched fish oil on monocyte/macrophage activation marker sCD163, asymmetric dimethyl arginine, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:798-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Komprda T, Sládek Z, Škultéty O, Křížková S, Rozíková V, Němcová B, Šustrová T, Valová M. Effect of dietarySchizochytriummicroalga oil on selected markers of low-grade inflammation in rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100:1169-1178. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Komprda
- Department of Food Technology; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Z. Sládek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - O. Škultéty
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - S. Křížková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - V. Rozíková
- Department of Food Technology; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - B. Němcová
- Department of Food Technology; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - T. Šustrová
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - M. Valová
- Department of Food Technology; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
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25
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Ferguson JF, Xue C, Hu Y, Li M, Reilly MP. Adipose tissue RNASeq reveals novel gene-nutrient interactions following n-3 PUFA supplementation and evoked inflammation in humans. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 30:126-32. [PMID: 27012629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary consumption of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may protect against cardiometabolic disease through modulation of systemic and adipose inflammation. However, it is often difficult to detect the subtle effects of n-3 PUFA on inflammatory biomarkers in traditional intervention studies. We aimed to identify novel n-3 PUFA modulated gene expression using unbiased adipose transcriptomics during evoked endotoxemia in a clinical trial of n-3 PUFA supplementation. We analyzed adipose gene expression using RNA sequencing in the fenofibrate and omega-3 fatty acid modulation of endotoxemia (FFAME) trial of healthy individuals at three timepoints: before and after n-3 PUFA supplementation (n=8; 3600mg/day EPA/DHA) for 6weeks compared with placebo (n=6), as well as during a subsequent evoked inflammatory challenge (lipopolysaccharide 0.6ng/kg i.v.). As expected, supplementation with n-3 PUFA vs. placebo alone had only modest effects on adipose tissue gene expression, e.g., increased expression of immediate early response IER2. In contrast, the transcriptomic response to evoked endotoxemia was significantly modified by n-3 PUFA supplementation, with several genes demonstrating significant n-3 PUFA gene-nutrient interactions, e.g., enhanced transcriptional responses in specific immune genes IER5L, HES1, IL1RN, CCL18, IL1RN, IL7R, IL8, CCL3 and others. These data highlight potential mechanisms whereby n-3 PUFA consumption may enhance the immune response to an inflammatory challenge. In conclusion, unbiased transcriptomics during evoked inflammation reveals novel immune modulating functions of n-3 PUFA nutritional intervention in a dynamic pathophysiological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Oliveira V, Marinho R, Vitorino D, Santos GA, Moraes JC, Dragano N, Sartori-Cintra A, Pereira L, Catharino RR, da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, De Souza CT, Velloso LA, Cintra DE. Diets Containing α-Linolenic (ω3) or Oleic (ω9) Fatty Acids Rescues Obese Mice From Insulin Resistance. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4033-46. [PMID: 26280128 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Subclinical systemic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and insulin resistance. The results obtained from a number of experimental studies suggest that targeting different components of the inflammatory machinery may result in the improvement of the metabolic phenotype. Unsaturated fatty acids exert antiinflammatory activity through several distinct mechanisms. Here, we tested the capacity of ω3 and ω9 fatty acids, directly from their food matrix, to exert antiinflammatory activity through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)120 and GPR40 pathways. GPR120 was activated in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues, reverting inflammation and insulin resistance in obese mice. Part of this action was also mediated by GPR40 on muscle, as a novel mechanism described. Pair-feeding and immunoneutralization experiments reinforced the pivotal role of GPR120 as a mediator in the response to the nutrients. The improvement in insulin sensitivity in the high-fat substituted diets was associated with a marked reduction in tissue inflammation, decreased macrophage infiltration, and increased IL-10 levels. Furthermore, improved glucose homeostasis was accompanied by the reduced expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes and reduced body mass. Thus, our data indicate that GPR120 and GPR40 play a critical role as mediators of the beneficial effects of dietary unsaturated fatty acids in the context of obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Oliveira
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - R Marinho
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - D Vitorino
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - G A Santos
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - J C Moraes
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - N Dragano
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - A Sartori-Cintra
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - L Pereira
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - R R Catharino
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - A S R da Silva
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - E R Ropelle
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - J R Pauli
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - C T De Souza
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - L A Velloso
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - D E Cintra
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
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Mansoori A, Sotoudeh G, Djalali M, Eshraghian MR, Keramatipour M, Nasli-Esfahani E, Shidfar F, Alvandi E, Toupchian O, Koohdani F. Effect of DHA-rich fish oil on PPARγ target genes related to lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 9:770-777. [PMID: 26687697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipid levels are well documented. However, the related molecular mechanisms are widely unknown. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are natural ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich fish oil supplementation on modulation of some PPARγ-responsive genes related to lipid metabolism. METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to consume either DHA-rich fish oil (containing 2400 mg/d fish oil; DHA: 1450 mg and eicosapentaenoic acid: 400 mg) or placebo for 8 weeks. Lipid profile and glycemic control parameters as well as the gene expression of PPARγ, liver x receptor-a, ATP-binding cassette A1, and CD36 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. RESULTS DHA-rich fish oil supplementation resulted in decreased triglycerides (TG) level compared with placebo group, independently of the baseline value of TG (all patients (P = .003), hypertriglyceridemic subjects (P = .01), and normotriglyceridemic subjects (P = .02)). Moreover, a higher reduction in TG level was observed in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, comparing to normotriglyceridemic subjects with DHA-rich fish oil supplementation (P = .01). Other lipid parameters as well as the expression of PPARγ, liver x receptor-a, ATP-binding cassette A1, and CD36 were not affected by DHA-rich fish oil supplementation. Only in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, DHA-rich fish oil supplementation upregulated CD36 expression, compared with the placebo group (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS DHA-rich fish oil supplementation for 8 weeks increased CD36 expression in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, which might result to higher reduction in TG level, comparing with normotriglyceridemic subjects. However, this finding should be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Mansoori
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Community Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Eshraghian
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Nutrition Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Alvandi
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Toupchian
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Martínez-Fernández L, Laiglesia LM, Huerta AE, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Omega-3 fatty acids and adipose tissue function in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015. [PMID: 26219838 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) have been reported to improve obesity-associated metabolic disorders including chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. Growing evidence exits about adipose tissue as a target in mediating the beneficial effects of these marine n-3 PUFAs in adverse metabolic syndrome manifestations. Therefore, in this manuscript we focus in reviewing the current knowledge about effects of marine n-3 PUFAs on adipose tissue metabolism and secretory functions. This scope includes n-3 PUFAs actions on adipogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis as well as on fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis. The effects of n-3 PUFAs on adipose tissue glucose uptake and insulin signaling are also summarized. Moreover, the roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and AMPK activation in mediating n-3 PUFAs actions on adipose tissue functions are discussed. Finally, the mechanisms underlying the ability of n-3 PUFAs to prevent and/or ameliorate adipose tissue inflammation are also revised, focusing on the role of n-3 PUFAs-derived specialized proresolving lipid mediators such as resolvins, protectins and maresins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Martínez-Fernández
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Spain; Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Spain
| | - Laura M Laiglesia
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Spain; Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Spain
| | - Ana E Huerta
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Spain; Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Spain; Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Spain; Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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29
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Rathod RS, Khaire AA, Kale AA, Joshi SR. Maternal omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation to a vitamin B
12
deficient diet normalizes angiogenic markers in the pup brain at birth. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 43:43-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richa S. Rathod
- Department of Nutritional MedicineInteractive Research School for Health AffairsBharati Vidyapeeth Deemed UniversityPune Satara RoadPune411043India
| | - Amrita A. Khaire
- Department of Nutritional MedicineInteractive Research School for Health AffairsBharati Vidyapeeth Deemed UniversityPune Satara RoadPune411043India
| | - Anvita A. Kale
- Department of Nutritional MedicineInteractive Research School for Health AffairsBharati Vidyapeeth Deemed UniversityPune Satara RoadPune411043India
| | - Sadhana R. Joshi
- Department of Nutritional MedicineInteractive Research School for Health AffairsBharati Vidyapeeth Deemed UniversityPune Satara RoadPune411043India
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30
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Magrone T, Jirillo E. Childhood obesity: immune response and nutritional approaches. Front Immunol 2015; 6:76. [PMID: 25759691 PMCID: PMC4338791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is characterized by a low-grade inflammation status depending on the multicellular release of cytokines, adipokines, and reactive oxygen species. In particular, the imbalance between anti-inflammatory T regulatory cells and inflammatory T helper 17 cells seems to sustain such a phlogistic condition. Alterations of gut microbiota since childhood also contribute to the maintenance of inflammation. Therefore, besides preventive measures and caloric restrictions, dietary intake of natural products endowed with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities may represent a valid interventional approach for preventing and/or attenuating the pathological consequences of obesity. In this regard, the use of prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and melatonin in human clinical trials will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
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