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Welsh JA, Goberdhan DCI, O'Driscoll L, Buzas EI, Blenkiron C, Bussolati B, Cai H, Di Vizio D, Driedonks TAP, Erdbrügger U, Falcon‐Perez JM, Fu Q, Hill AF, Lenassi M, Lim SK, Mahoney MG, Mohanty S, Möller A, Nieuwland R, Ochiya T, Sahoo S, Torrecilhas AC, Zheng L, Zijlstra A, Abuelreich S, Bagabas R, Bergese P, Bridges EM, Brucale M, Burger D, Carney RP, Cocucci E, Colombo F, Crescitelli R, Hanser E, Harris AL, Haughey NJ, Hendrix A, Ivanov AR, Jovanovic‐Talisman T, Kruh‐Garcia NA, Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino V, Kyburz D, Lässer C, Lennon KM, Lötvall J, Maddox AL, Martens‐Uzunova ES, Mizenko RR, Newman LA, Ridolfi A, Rohde E, Rojalin T, Rowland A, Saftics A, Sandau US, Saugstad JA, Shekari F, Swift S, Ter‐Ovanesyan D, Tosar JP, Useckaite Z, Valle F, Varga Z, van der Pol E, van Herwijnen MJC, Wauben MHM, Wehman AM, Williams S, Zendrini A, Zimmerman AJ, MISEV Consortium, Théry C, Witwer KW. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12404. [PMID: 38326288 PMCID: PMC10850029 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 318.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of PathologyNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Deborah C. I. Goberdhan
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthUniversity of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Edit I. Buzas
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HCEMM‐SU Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tom A. P. Driedonks
- Department CDL ResearchUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- University of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Juan M. Falcon‐Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Qing‐Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Paracrine Therapeutics Pte. Ltd.SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, YLL School of MedicineNational University SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mỹ G. Mahoney
- Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell FacilityAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong S.A.R.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Susmita Sahoo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ana C. Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Campus DiademaDiademaBrazil
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of PathologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- GenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah Abuelreich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Reem Bagabas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
- National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA TechnologyPaduaItaly
| | - Esther M. Bridges
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research CentreOttawa Hopsital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emanuele Cocucci
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Federico Colombo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Edveena Hanser
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Norman J. Haughey
- Departments of Neurology and PsychiatryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic‐Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole A. Kruh‐Garcia
- Bio‐pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Academic Resource Center (BioMARC)Infectious Disease Research Center, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Vroniqa Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of RheumatologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionInstitute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Adam L. Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elena S. Martens‐Uzunova
- Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of UrologyRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rachel R. Mizenko
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lauren A. Newman
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrea Ridolfi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB AmsterdamVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Rohde
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University HospitalSalzburger Landeskliniken GmbH of Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- GMP Unit, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies, EV‐TTSalzburgAustria
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Expansion Therapeutics, Structural Biology and BiophysicsJupiterFloridaUSA
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ursula S. Sandau
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Julie A. Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Celer DiagnosticsTorontoCanada
| | - Simon Swift
- Waipapa Taumata Rau University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Dmitry Ter‐Ovanesyan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Juan P. Tosar
- Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
- Institut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Zivile Useckaite
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Biological Nanochemistry Research GroupInstitute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marca H. M. Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Alan J. Zimmerman
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932PSL UniversityParisFrance
- CurieCoreTech Extracellular Vesicles, Institut CurieParisFrance
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- EV Core Facility “EXCEL”, Institute for Basic Biomedical SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Chen YT, Liao WR, Wang HT, Chen HW, Chen SF. Targeted protein quantitation in human body fluids by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:2379-2403. [PMID: 35702881 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human body fluids (biofluids) contain various proteins, some of which reflect individuals' physiological conditions or predict diseases. Therefore, the analysis of biofluids can provide substantial information on novel biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. In the past decades, mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies have been developed as proteomic strategies not only for the identification of protein biomarkers but also for biomarker verification/validation in body fluids for clinical applications. The main advantage of targeted MS-based methodologies is the accurate and specific simultaneous quantitation of multiple biomarkers with high sensitivity. Here, we review MS-based methodologies that are currently used for the targeted quantitation of protein components in human body fluids, especially in plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva. In addition, the currently used MS-based methodologies are summarized with a specific focus on applicable clinical sample types, MS configurations, and acquisition modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Rou Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ting Wang
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Chen
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Wen Z, Yu J, Jeong H, Kim DU, Yang JY, Hyun KA, Choi S, Park S, Jung HI. An all-in-one platform to deplete pathogenic bacteria for rapid and safe enrichment of plant-derived extracellular vesicles. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4483-4492. [PMID: 37750717 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00585b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have exhibited several advantages, such as high biocompatibility, improvement of skin conditions, and the prevention of skin aging. However, traditional methods of extraction for plant substances, such as heating under reflux or solvent extraction, are complicated, time-consuming, and low in purity. Accordingly, a simple and efficient platform is necessary for purely isolating natural substances from plants. In this study, we report a newly designed platform for removing impurities to purify PDEVs. The proposed platform comprises three parts: (i) inflow of samples, (ii) depletion of impurities, and (iii) collection of PDEVs. The platform is designed to flow from top to bottom using gravity without the need for electric components. The platform allows the delimitation of impurities, such as the pathogenic bacteria in PDEVs, by capturing magnetic beads coated with Concanavalin A (Con A). We validate the practicality of our platform using extracellular vesicles derived from liquorice (LdEVs). Notably, the LdEVs purified using the Con A-coated magnetic beads provide better cell uptake and wound recovery than the commercialized extract LdEVs. This highlights the therapeutic potential of fresh LdEVs purified using our platform, particularly in preventing skin aging. The findings of this study hold significant practical implications for the cosmeceutical and therapeutic field, providing a promising approach for the extraction and purification of natural substances from plants to harness their benefits effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jianning Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyorim Jeong
- The DABOM Inc., 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- The DABOM Inc., 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hyun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seoyeon Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- The DABOM Inc., 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- The DABOM Inc., 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- The DABOM Inc., 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Tutanov OS, Glass SE, Coffey RJ. Emerging connections between GPI-anchored proteins and their extracellular carriers in colorectal cancer. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 4:195-217. [PMID: 37840781 PMCID: PMC10569057 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) were discovered over 40 years ago, there has been a resurgence of interest in secreted vesicles and their attendant cargo as novel modes of intracellular communication. In addition to vesicles, two amembranous nanoparticles, exomeres and supermeres, have been isolated and characterized recently. In this rapidly expanding field, it has been challenging to assign cargo and specific functions to a particular carrier. Refinement of isolation methods, well-controlled studies, and guidelines detailed by Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) are being employed to "bring order to chaos." In this review, we will briefly summarize three types of extracellular carriers - small EVs (sEVs), exomeres, and supermeres - in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC). We found that a number of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are overexpressed in CRC, are enriched in exosomes (a distinct subset of sEVs), and can be detected in exomeres and supermeres. This affords the opportunity to elaborate on GPI-AP biogenesis, modifications, and trafficking using DPEP1, a GPI-AP upregulated in CRC, as a prime example. We have cataloged the GPI-anchored proteins secreted in CRC and will highlight features of select CRC-associated GPI-anchored proteins we have detected. Finally, we will discuss the remaining challenges and future opportunities in studying these secreted GPI-APs in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg S. Tutanov
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Sarah E. Glass
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Nguyen PHD, Jayasinghe MK, Le AH, Peng B, Le MTN. Advances in Drug Delivery Systems Based on Red Blood Cells and Their Membrane-Derived Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5187-5210. [PMID: 36896898 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) and RBC membrane-derived nanoparticles have been historically developed as bioinspired drug delivery systems to combat the issues of premature clearance, toxicity, and immunogenicity of synthetic nanocarriers. RBC-based delivery systems possess characteristics including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and long circulation time, which make them suited for systemic administration. Therefore, they have been employed in designing optimal drug formulations in various preclinical models and clinical trials to treat a wide range of diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology, synthesis, and characterization of drug delivery systems based on RBCs and their membrane including whole RBCs, RBC membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles, RBC-derived extracellular vesicles, and RBC hitchhiking. We also highlight conventional and latest engineering strategies, along with various therapeutic modalities, for enhanced precision and effectiveness of drug delivery. Additionally, we focus on the current state of RBC-based therapeutic applications and their clinical translation as drug carriers, as well as discussing opportunities and challenges associated with these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Hoang Diem Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Immunology Programme, Cancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Migara Kavishka Jayasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Immunology Programme, Cancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Anh Hong Le
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Immunology Programme, Cancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Boya Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Immunology Programme, Cancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Immunology Programme, Cancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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A review on comparative studies addressing exosome isolation methods from body fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1239-1263. [PMID: 35838769 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes emerged as valuable sources of disease biomarkers and new therapeutic tools. However, extracellular vesicles isolation with exosome-like characteristics from certain biofluids is still challenging which can limit their potential use in clinical settings. While ultracentrifugation-based procedures are the gold standard for exosome isolation from cell cultures, no unique and standardized method for exosome isolation from distinct body fluids exists. The complexity, specific composition, and physical properties of each biofluid constitute a technical barrier to obtain reproducible and pure exosome preparations, demanding a detailed characterization of both exosome isolation and characterization methods. Moreover, some isolation procedures can affect downstream proteomic or RNA profiling analysis. This review compiles and discussed a set of comparative studies addressing distinct exosome isolation methods from human biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, serum, saliva, and urine, also focusing on body fluid specific challenges, physical properties, and other potential variation sources. This summarized information will facilitate the choice of exosome isolation methods, based on the type of biological samples available, and hopefully encourage the use of exosomes in translational and clinical research.
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Microvesicles and Microvesicle-Associated microRNAs Reflect Glioblastoma Regression: Microvesicle-Associated miR-625-5p Has Biomarker Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158398. [PMID: 35955533 PMCID: PMC9369245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and recurrent form of brain cancer in adults. We hypothesized that the identification of biomarkers such as certain microRNAs (miRNAs) and the circulating microvesicles (MVs) that transport them could be key to establishing GB progression, recurrence and therapeutic response. For this purpose, circulating MVs were isolated from the plasma of GB patients (before and after surgery) and of healthy subjects and characterized by flow cytometry. OpenArray profiling and the individual quantification of selected miRNAs in plasma and MVs was performed, followed by target genes’ prediction and in silico survival analysis. It was found that MVs’ parameters (number, EGFRvIII and EpCAM) decreased after the surgical resection of GB tumors, but the inter-patient variability was high. The expression of miR-106b-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-766-3p and miR-30d-5p in GB patients’ MVs was restored to control-like levels after surgery: miR-106b-5p, miR-486-3p and miR-766-3p were upregulated, while miR-30d-5p levels were downregulated after surgical resection. MiR-625-5p was only identified in MVs isolated from GB patients before surgery and was not detected in plasma. Target prediction and pathway analysis showed that the selected miRNAs regulate genes involved in cancer pathways, including glioma. In conclusion, miR-625-5p shows potential as a biomarker for GB regression or recurrence, but further in-depth studies are needed.
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Yao C, Chen X, Xu Y, Wang F, Ji J, Xu H, He J, Wang L, Li Y. Comparing pretreatment strategies to increase the yield and purity of human urinary extracellular vesicles. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1206:123359. [PMID: 35785645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released by various cells, and are involved in intercellular communication and disease progression. EVs that are isolated from urine are good indicators of urinary system diseases and help certain urological studies. During isolation of urine EVs, Dithiothreitol (DTT) is widely used to reduce the contamination of the major contaminant Tamm-Horsefall protein (THP),which is the most abundant protein in the human urine and the most difficult contaminant to remove in the isolation of urine EVs. Unfortunately, DTT can interfere with subsequent analysis due to its strong reducing ability and cannot completely remove THP. To optimize the urine EV isolation strategy, we compared two pretreatment protocols: incubating urine with NaCl and DTT before centrifugation. After a series of analyses by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), western blotting (WB), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we found that NaCl removed more THP than DTT in a low-speed centrifugation step and that the residual EVs also had lower THP contamination post NaCl treatment. Remarkably, the yield of EVs obtained via the salting-out method was significantly higher than those obtained by the other methods (P = 0.001). Our study is the first to demonstrate that the salting-out method is better than the traditional DTT method in terms of efficiency in removing THP and EV yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Yao
- Department of Urology, Haining Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Urology, NO. 971 Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yalong Xu
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Fubo Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Jin Ji
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingyi He
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun Li
- Shanghai Shibei Hospital of Jingan District, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Correll VL, Otto JJ, Risi CM, Main BP, Boutros PC, Kislinger T, Galkin VE, Nyalwidhe JO, Semmes OJ, Yang L. Optimization of small extracellular vesicle isolation from expressed prostatic secretions in urine for in-depth proteomic analysis. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12184. [PMID: 35119778 PMCID: PMC8815402 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation and subsequent molecular analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from patient samples is a widely used strategy to understand vesicle biology and to facilitate biomarker discovery. Expressed prostatic secretions in urine are a tumor proximal fluid that has received significant attention as a source of potential prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers for use in liquid biopsy protocols. Standard EV isolation methods like differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) co-isolate protein contaminants that mask lower-abundance proteins in typical mass spectrometry (MS) protocols. Further complicating the analysis of expressed prostatic secretions, uromodulin, also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), is present at high concentrations in urine. THP can form polymers that entrap EVs during purification, reducing yield. Disruption of THP polymer networks with dithiothreitol (DTT) can release trapped EVs, but smaller THP fibres co-isolate with EVs during subsequent ultracentrifugation. To resolve these challenges, we describe here a dUC method that incorporates THP polymer reduction and alkaline washing to improve EV isolation and deplete both THP and other common protein contaminants. When applied to human expressed prostatic secretions in urine, we achieved relative enrichment of known prostate and prostate cancer-associated EV-resident proteins. Our approach provides a promising strategy for global proteomic analyses of urinary EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L. Correll
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Joseph J. Otto
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Cristina M. Risi
- Department of Physiological SciencesEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Brian P. Main
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Precision HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Vitold E. Galkin
- Department of Physiological SciencesEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Julius O. Nyalwidhe
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell BiologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - O. John Semmes
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell BiologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Lifang Yang
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell BiologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
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10
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Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a serine protease expressed on luminal and apical cell membrane, is identical to the lymphocyte cell surface protein CD26. DPP4 rapidly deactivates hormones and cytokines by cleaving their NH2-terminal dipeptides. Its functions are based on membrane digestion and/or binding of bioactive peptides, signal molecules, and extracellular matrix components. The soluble form is also present in body fluids such as serum, urine, semen, and synovial fluid. The extremely broad distribution of CD26/DPP4 indicates its divergent roles depending on cell type and activated conditions. The cellular localization was earlier examined by enzyme histochemistry and subsequently by immunohistochemistry. Although immunohistochemical analyses are higher in specificity and easier to use at electron microscopic levels than enzyme histochemistry, the immunoreaction is considerably affected by the animal species, types of tissue sections, and specificity of antibodies. Understanding of the functional significance and advancement of its clinical use (diagnosis and treatment of diseases) require precise information on the cellular distribution including subcellular localization and pathological changes. This short review summarizes in particular immunohistochemical findings on CD26/DPP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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11
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Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis Performed by Imaging Flow Cytometry and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis Evaluate the Accuracy of Urinary Extracellular Vesicle Preparation Techniques Differently. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212436. [PMID: 34830318 PMCID: PMC8620260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles isolated from urine (uEVs) are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers. Meanwhile, different uEV preparation strategies exist. Conventionally, the performance of EV preparation methods is evaluated by single particle quantification, Western blot, and electron microscopy. Recently, we introduced imaging flow cytometry (IFCM) as a next-generation single EV analysis technology. Here, we analyzed uEV samples obtained with different preparation procedures using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), semiquantitative Western blot, and IFCM. IFCM analyses demonstrated that urine contains a predominant CD9+ sEV population, which exceeds CD63+ and CD81+ sEV populations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the storage temperature of urine samples negatively affects the recovery of CD9+ sEVs. Although overall reduced, the highest CD9+ sEV recovery was obtained from urine samples stored at −80 °C and the lowest from those stored at −20 °C. Upon comparing the yield of the different uEV preparations, incongruencies between NTA and IFCM data became apparent. Results obtained by both NTA and IFCM were consistent with Western blot analyses for EV marker proteins; however, NTA results correlated with the amount of the impurity marker uromodulin. Despite demonstrating that the combination of ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography appears as a reliable uEV preparation technique, our data challenge the soundness of traditional NTA for the evaluation of different EV preparation methods.
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12
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Perspectives and challenges in extracellular vesicles untargeted metabolomics analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Li D, Luo H, Ruan H, Chen Z, Chen S, Wang B, Xie Y. Isolation and identification of exosomes from feline plasma, urine and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:272. [PMID: 34384449 PMCID: PMC8359027 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes, internal proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids coated by phospholipid bilayer membranes, are one type of small extracellular vesicles, which can mediate cell-cell communication. In recent years, exosomes have gained considerable scientific interest due to their widely applied prospect in the diagnosis and therapeutics of human and animal diseases. In this study, we describe for the first time a feasible method designed to isolate and characterize exosomes from feline plasma, urine and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS Exosomes from feline plasma, urine and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were successfully isolated by differential centrifugation. Quantification and sizing of exosomes were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, flow nano analysis and western blotting. Detected particles showed the normal size (30-100 nm) and morphology described for exosomes, as well as presence of the transmembrane protein (TSG101, CD9, CD63, and CD81) known as exosomal marker. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that differential centrifugation is a feasible method for isolation of exosomes from different types of feline samples. Moreover, these exosomes can be used to further diagnosis and therapeutics in veterinary pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- VetCell Biotechnology Company Limited, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Huina Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Huimin Ruan
- VetCell Biotechnology Company Limited, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Zhisheng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Bingyun Wang
- VetCell Biotechnology Company Limited, Foshan, 528225, China. .,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China.
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
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14
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Simionescu N, Zonda R, Petrovici AR, Georgescu A. The Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Glioblastoma: microRNA Nanocarriers for Disease Progression and Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:988. [PMID: 34210109 PMCID: PMC8309075 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive form of brain cancer in adults, characterized by poor survival rates and lack of effective therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally through specific pairing with target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous group of cell-derived vesicles, transport miRNAs, mRNAs and intracellular proteins, and have been shown to promote horizontal malignancy into adjacent tissue, as well as resistance to conventional therapies. Furthermore, GB-derived EVs have distinct miRNA contents and are able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Numerous studies have attempted to identify EV-associated miRNA biomarkers in serum/plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, but their collective findings fail to identify reliable biomarkers that can be applied in clinical settings. However, EVs carrying specific miRNAs or miRNA inhibitors have great potential as therapeutic nanotools in GB, and several studies have investigated this possibility on in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we discuss the role of EVs and their miRNA content in GB progression and resistance to therapy, with emphasis on their potential as diagnostic, prognostic and disease monitoring biomarkers and as nanocarriers for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Simionescu
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (N.S.); (R.Z.); (A.R.P.)
- “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 2 Ateneului Street, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Zonda
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (N.S.); (R.Z.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Anca Roxana Petrovici
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (N.S.); (R.Z.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Urinary Extracellular Vesicle Protein Profiles Discriminate Different Clinical Subgroups of Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030456. [PMID: 33800879 PMCID: PMC7998527 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most frequent primary glomerular disease in children, displaying high grade proteinuria and oedema. The mainstay of therapy are steroids, and patients are usually classified according to the treatment response (sensitive vs. resistant). The mechanisms involved in INS pathogenesis and treatment responsiveness have not yet been identified. In this context, the analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles (UEv) is interesting, since they represent a molecular snapshot of the parental cells, offering a “fingerprint” for monitoring their status. Therefore, the aim of this study is to verify the feasibility of using UEv of INS patients as indicators of therapy response and its prediction. UEv were isolated from the urine of pediatric patients in remission after therapy; they showed characteristic electrophoresis profiles that matched specific patient subgroups. We then built a statistical model to interpret objectively each patient UEv protein profile: in particular, steroid-resistant patients cluster together with a very distinct pattern from other INS patients and controls. In conclusion, the evaluation of the UEv protein profile looks promising in the investigation of INS, showing a disease signature that might predict clinical evolution.
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16
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Soares E, Reis J, Rodrigues M, Ribeiro CF, Pereira FC. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles: The Missing Link between Physical Exercise and Depression Management? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020542. [PMID: 33430399 PMCID: PMC7827999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with an increased risk of aging-related diseases. It is also seemingly a common psychological reaction to pandemic outbreaks with forced quarantines and lockdowns. Thus, depression represents, now more than ever, a major global health burden with therapeutic management challenges. Clinical data highlights that physical exercise is gaining momentum as a non-pharmacological intervention in depressive disorders. Although it may contribute to the reduction of systemic inflammation associated with depression, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial physical exercise effects in emotional behavior remain to be elucidated. Current investigations indicate that a rapid release of extracellular vesicles into the circulation might be the signaling mediators of systemic adaptations to physical exercise. These biological entities are now well-established intercellular communicators, playing a major role in relevant physiological and pathophysiological functions, including brain cell-cell communication. We also reviewed emerging evidence correlating depression with modified circulating extracellular vesicle surfaces and cargo signatures (e.g., microRNAs and proteins), envisioned as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, efficient disease stratification and appropriate therapeutic management. Accordingly, the clinical data summarized in the present review prompted us to hypothesize that physical exercise-related circulating extracellular vesicles contribute to its antidepressant effects, particularly through the modulation of inflammation. This review sheds light on the triad "physical exercise-extracellular vesicles-depression" and suggests new avenues in this novel emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Soares
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.); (M.R.); (C.F.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (F.C.P.)
| | - Julie Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.); (M.R.); (C.F.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Rodrigues
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.); (M.R.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Carlos Fontes Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.); (M.R.); (C.F.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico C. Pereira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.); (M.R.); (C.F.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (F.C.P.)
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17
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Evtushenko EG, Bagrov DV, Lazarev VN, Livshits MA, Khomyakova E. Adsorption of extracellular vesicles onto the tube walls during storage in solution. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243738. [PMID: 33370319 PMCID: PMC7769454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Short term storage of extracellular vesicle (EV) solutions at +4°C is a common practice, but the stability of EVs during this procedure has not been fully understood yet. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, we have shown that EVs isolated from the conditioned medium of HT-29 cells exhibit a pronounced concentration decrease when stored in PBS in ordinary polypropylene tubes within the range of (0.5–2.1) × 1010 particles/ml. EV losses reach 51±3% for 0.5 ml of EVs in Eppendorf 2 ml tube at 48 hours of storage at +4°C. Around 2/3 of the observed losses have been attributed to the adsorption of vesicles onto tube walls. This result shows that the lower part (up to at least 2 × 1010 particles/ml) of the practically relevant concentration range for purified EVs is prone to adsorption losses at +4°C. Total particle losses could be reduced to 18–21% at 48 hours by using either Eppendorf Protein LoBind tubes or ordinary tubes with the surface blocked with bovine serum albumin or EVs. Reduction of losses to 15% has been shown for isolated EVs dissolved in the supernatant after 100 000 g centrifugation as a model of conditioned medium. Also, a previously unknown feature of diffusion-controlled adsorption was revealed for EVs. In addition to the decrease in particle count, this process causes the predominant losses of smaller particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy G. Evtushenko
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Dmitry V. Bagrov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vassili N. Lazarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Livshits
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Khomyakova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
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18
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Ocansey DKW, Zhang L, Wang Y, Yan Y, Qian H, Zhang X, Xu W, Mao F. Exosome-mediated effects and applications in inflammatory bowel disease. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1287-1307. [PMID: 32410383 PMCID: PMC7540363 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gut mucosal barriers, including chemical and physical barriers, spatially separate the gut microbiota from the host immune system to prevent unwanted immune responses that could lead to intestinal inflammation. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there is mucosal barrier dysfunction coupled with immune dysregulation and dysbiosis. The discovery of exosomes as regulators of vital functions in both physiological and pathological processes has generated much research interest. Interestingly, exosomes not only serve as natural nanocarriers for the delivery of functional RNAs, proteins, and synthetic drugs or molecules, but also show potential for clinical applications in tissue repair and regeneration as well as disease diagnosis and prognosis. Biological or chemical modification of exosomes can broaden, change and enhance their therapeutic capability. We review the modulatory effects of exosomal proteins, RNAs and lipids on IBD components such as immune cells, the gut microbiota and the intestinal mucosal barrier. Mechanisms involved in regulating these factors towards attenuating IBD have been explored in several studies employing exosomes derived from different sources. We discuss the potential utility of exosomes as diagnostic markers and drug delivery systems, as well as the application of modified exosomes in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson K. W. Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, PMBCape CoastGhana
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
- Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui BranchSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu211200China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
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19
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Lin S, Zhou S, Yuan T. The "sugar-coated bullets" of cancer: Tumor-derived exosome surface glycosylation from basic knowledge to applications. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e204. [PMID: 33135347 PMCID: PMC7551131 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific interest in exosomes has exploded in recent decades. In 1990 only three articles were published on exosomes, while over 1,700 have already been published half-way into 2020.1 While researchers have shown much interest in exosomes since being discovered in 1981, an appreciation of the potential role of glycans in exosome structure and function has emerged only recently. Glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modification, which functions in many physiological and pathological aspects of cellular function. Many components of exosomes are heavily glycosylated including proteins, lipids, among others. Thus, glycosylation undoubtedly has a great impact on exosome biosynthesis and function. Despite the importance of glycosylation in exosomes and the recent recognition of them as biomarkers for not only malignancies but also other system dysfunction and disease, the characterization of exosome glycans remains understudied. In this review, we discuss glycosylation patterns of exosomes derived from various tissues, their biological features, and potential for various clinical applications. We highlight state-of-the-art knowledge about the fine structure of exosomes, which will allow researchers to reconstruct them by surface modification. These efforts will likely lead to novel disease-related biomarker discovery, purification tagging, and targeted drug transfer for clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyi Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Shumin Zhou
- Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiP. R. China
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20
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Cai G, Li Q. Exosomes as Actively Targeted Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4257-4273. [PMID: 32606676 PMCID: PMC7306454 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s239548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been found that exosomes can be used as nanocarriers, which can be used in the treatment of tumors by carrying contents. The exosomes are derived from the secretion of the organism's own cells and are characterized by a phospholipid bilayer structure and a small particle size. These characteristics guarantee that the exosomes can carry a wide range of tumor drugs, deliver the drug to the cancer, and reduce or eliminate the tumor drug band. The toxic side effects were significantly eliminated; meanwhile, the therapeutic effects of the drug on the tumor were remarkably improved. This paper reviewed the strategies and drugs presented by different scholars for the treatment of tumors based on the drugs carried by exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology & Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology & Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology & Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology & Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, People’s Republic of China
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21
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de Oliveira MC, Caires HR, Oliveira MJ, Fraga A, Vasconcelos MH, Ribeiro R. Urinary Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Where Do We Stand and Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1400. [PMID: 32485907 PMCID: PMC7352974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles released by all cells and involved in intercellular communication. Importantly, EVs cargo includes nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins constantly transferred between different cell types, contributing to autocrine and paracrine signaling. In recent years, they have been shown to play vital roles, not only in normal biological functions, but also in pathological conditions, such as cancer. In the multistep process of cancer progression, EVs act at different levels, from stimulation of neoplastic transformation, proliferation, promotion of angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and formation of metastatic niches in distant organs, to immune escape and therapy resistance. Moreover, as products of their parental cells, reflecting their genetic signatures and phenotypes, EVs hold great promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Importantly, their potential to overcome the current limitations or the present diagnostic procedures has created interest in bladder cancer (BCa). Indeed, cystoscopy is an invasive and costly technique, whereas cytology has poor sensitivity for early staged and low-grade disease. Several urine-based biomarkers for BCa were found to overcome these limitations. Here, we review their potential advantages and downfalls. In addition, recent literature on the potential of EVs to improve BCa management was reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Castanheira de Oliveira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Oliveira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Avelino Fraga
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Genetics and Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in cell-to-cell communication by carrying molecular messages that reflect physiological and pathological conditions of the parent cells. EVs have been identified in all body fluids; and among them, urine stands out as a sample that is easy and inexpensive to obtain and can be collected over time to monitor changes. Various protocols have been established to study urinary extracellular vesicles (UEVs) and they have shown great potential as a biomarker source for clinical applications, not only for urological, but also non-urological diseases. Due to the high variability and low reproducibility of pre-analytical and analytical methods for UEVs, establishing a standardized protocol remains a challenge in the field of diagnosis. Here, we review UEV studies and present the techniques that are most commonly used, those that have been applied as new developments, and those that have the most potential for future applications. The workflow procedures from the sampling step to the qualitative and quantitative analysis steps are summarized along with advantages and disadvantages of the methodologies, in order to give consideration for choosing the most promising and suitable method to analyze human UEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyawan Paisrisarn
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Takao Yasui
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO.,Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University.,Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University.,Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
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23
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24
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Ayers L, Pink R, Carter DRF, Nieuwland R. Clinical requirements for extracellular vesicle assays. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1593755. [PMID: 30949310 PMCID: PMC6442087 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1593755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific and clinical interest in extracellular vesicles (EV) has grown exponentially during the past 15 years. As most research indicates that EVs can be utilised in diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics, we may be on the brink of establishing the clinical utility of EV measurement, but how can we make this a reality? If we are to introduce EVs as biomarkers into clinical laboratories, it will be necessary to offer fully validated, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 15189 assays. ISO 15189 defines the quality management system requirements particular to medical laboratories and is used internationally to determine accreditation. In order for a clinical laboratory to offer an accredited test for EVs, this assay must have been subjected to a thorough assay validation process. This process requires the generation of data related to defined performance characteristics, to ensure that an assay is performing in accordance with the needs of its clinical users. Each of the defined performance characteristics will be discussed in this review, along with the issues that specifically affect EV analysis. Accreditation is increasingly important for all clinical laboratories and the standards required to achieve this are becoming more and more stringent. Therefore, as companies seek to develop the best assays to detect EVs and their molecular contents for clinical utility, and as we move rapidly towards our goal of offering EV analysis in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, it is timely to highlight the requirements for the clinical accreditation of such assays. It is essential to consider these parameters to ensure that we develop the highest quality assays possible and ultimately the best outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ayers
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Monguió-Tortajada M, Morón-Font M, Gámez-Valero A, Carreras-Planella L, Borràs FE, Franquesa M. Extracellular-Vesicle Isolation from Different Biological Fluids by Size-Exclusion Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 49:e82. [PMID: 30698351 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes how to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different biological fluids using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and how to prepare your starting sample and the EV product for downstream applications. EVs are membrane nanovesicles with specific content that reflects the phenotype and functions of the cell of origin, including protected proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids. EVs are thus an excellent resource for noninvasive biomarker discovery in a number of pathological situations and are a promising nanotherapeutic tool to overcome the disadvantages associated with cellular therapy. However, there are still no standardized methods to isolate pure EV preparations, as many approaches do not guarantee proper EV purification, free of contaminating non-EV molecules. Currently, SEC is one of the most promising approaches to purify EVs from any biological fluid, as it avoids co-isolation of contaminants and is user friendly and scalable. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Miriam Morón-Font
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ana Gámez-Valero
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.,Pathology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Laura Carreras-Planella
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Francesc E Borràs
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Nephrology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.,Nephrology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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