1
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Eliahoo P, Setayesh H, Hoffman T, Wu Y, Li S, Treweek JB. Viscoelasticity in 3D Cell Culture and Regenerative Medicine: Measurement Techniques and Biological Relevance. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:354-384. [PMID: 39006396 PMCID: PMC11240420 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The field of mechanobiology is gaining prominence due to recent findings that show cells sense and respond to the mechanical properties of their environment through a process called mechanotransduction. The mechanical properties of cells, cell organelles, and the extracellular matrix are understood to be viscoelastic. Various technologies have been researched and developed for measuring the viscoelasticity of biological materials, which may provide insight into both the cellular mechanisms and the biological functions of mechanotransduction. Here, we explain the concept of viscoelasticity and introduce the major techniques that have been used to measure the viscoelasticity of various soft materials in different length- and timescale frames. The topology of the material undergoing testing, the geometry of the probe, the magnitude of the exerted stress, and the resulting deformation should be carefully considered to choose a proper technique for each application. Lastly, we discuss several applications of viscoelasticity in 3D cell culture and tissue models for regenerative medicine, including organoids, organ-on-a-chip systems, engineered tissue constructs, and tunable viscoelastic hydrogels for 3D bioprinting and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Eliahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 United States
| | - Hesam Setayesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 United States
| | - Tyler Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Jennifer B Treweek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 United States
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2
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Loveless BA, Moin KA, Hoopes PC, Moshirfar M. The Utilization of Brillouin Microscopy in Corneal Diagnostics: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e65769. [PMID: 39211657 PMCID: PMC11361473 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal biomechanical data has been used since 2005 to screen for keratoconus and corneal ectasia by corneal specialists. Older technology uses force applanation techniques over a 3 mm area in the central cornea, making it highly dependent on extraneous variables and unable to calculate the elasticity of the tissue. Brillouin microscopy is a newer method that uses a natural shift in the frequency of light as it passes through a material. This frequency shift can be used to estimate the viscoelasticity of the tissue. The advantage of Brillouin microscopy is that it can create a full three-dimensional (3D) map of the entire cornea without direct contact. A literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Ovid regarding the applications of Brillouin microscopy in corneal diagnostics. A final total of 16 articles was included describing the various ex vivo and in vivo studies conducted using Brillouin microscopy. Applications of this technology spanned from keratoconus diagnosis to post-corneal refractive surgery evaluation. All studies evaluated corneal biomechanics and other corneal properties through the quantification of Brillouin frequency shifts. Many of the studies found that this diagnostic device is capable of detecting subtle changes in corneal thickness and biomechanics in keratoconic corneas at a high level of specificity and sensitivity. However, limitations of Brillouin microscopy may include the duration of time required for use and fluctuations in accuracy depending on the corneal hydration state. Future technology seems to be geared toward a combination of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Brillouin microscopy, using OCT as a three-dimensional pupil-tracking modality. Further research and understanding of the technology involved will lead to better care of patients in the field of ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosten A Loveless
- Ophthalmology, Hoopes Vision Research Center, Draper, USA
- Ophthalmology, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ivins, USA
| | - Kayvon A Moin
- Ophthalmology, Hoopes Vision Research Center, Draper, USA
- Ophthalmology, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, SXM
| | | | - Majid Moshirfar
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
- Ophthalmology, Hoopes Vision Research Center, Draper, USA
- Eye Banking and Corneal Transplantation, Utah Lions Eye Bank, Murray, USA
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3
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Urbanska M, Guck J. Single-Cell Mechanics: Structural Determinants and Functional Relevance. Annu Rev Biophys 2024; 53:367-395. [PMID: 38382116 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-030822-030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical phenotype of a cell determines its ability to deform under force and is therefore relevant to cellular functions that require changes in cell shape, such as migration or circulation through the microvasculature. On the practical level, the mechanical phenotype can be used as a global readout of the cell's functional state, a marker for disease diagnostics, or an input for tissue modeling. We focus our review on the current knowledge of structural components that contribute to the determination of the cellular mechanical properties and highlight the physiological processes in which the mechanical phenotype of the cells is of critical relevance. The ongoing efforts to understand how to efficiently measure and control the mechanical properties of cells will define the progress in the field and drive mechanical phenotyping toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Urbanska
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany; ,
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany; ,
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Antonacci G, Vanna R, Ventura M, Schiavone ML, Sobacchi C, Behrouzitabar M, Polli D, Manzoni C, Cerullo G. Birefringence-induced phase delay enables Brillouin mechanical imaging in turbid media. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5202. [PMID: 38898004 PMCID: PMC11187154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Acoustic vibrations of matter convey fundamental viscoelastic information that can be optically retrieved by hyperfine spectral analysis of the inelastic Brillouin scattered light. Increasing evidence of the central role of the viscoelastic properties in biological processes has stimulated the rise of non-contact Brillouin microscopy, yet this method faces challenges in turbid samples due to overwhelming elastic background light. Here, we introduce a common-path Birefringence-Induced Phase Delay (BIPD) filter to disentangle the polarization states of the Brillouin and Rayleigh signals, enabling the rejection of the background light using a polarizer. We demonstrate a 65 dB extinction ratio in a single optical pass collecting Brillouin spectra in extremely scattering environments and across highly reflective interfaces. We further employ the BIPD filter to image bone tissues from a mouse model of osteopetrosis, highlighting altered biomechanical properties compared to the healthy control. Results herald new opportunities in mechanobiology where turbid biological samples remain poorly characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renzo Vanna
- CNR-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- CNR-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Sobacchi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
- CNR-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), UOS di Milano, via Fantoli 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy
| | - Morteza Behrouzitabar
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Specto Photonics, Via Giulio e Corrado Venini 18, 20127, Milano, Italy
- CNR-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristian Manzoni
- CNR-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- CNR-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
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5
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Shen K, Zhou X, Shen M, Lu F, Zhu D. Spatial mapping of corneal biomechanical properties using wave-based optical coherence elastography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300534. [PMID: 38453148 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying the mechanical properties of the cornea can provide valuable insights into the occurrence and progression of keratoconus, as well as the effectiveness of corneal crosslinking surgery. This study presents a non-contact and non-invasive wave-based optical coherence elastography system that utilizes air-pulse stimulation to create a two-dimensional map of corneal elasticity. Homogeneous and dual concentration phantoms were measured with the sampling of 25 × 25 points over a 6.6 × 6.6 mm2 area, to verify the measurement capability for elastic mapping and the spatial resolution (0.91 mm). The velocity of elastic waves distribution of porcine corneas before and after corneal crosslinking surgery were further mapped, showing a significant change in biomechanics in crosslinked region. This system features non-invasiveness and high resolution, holding great potential for application in ophthalmic clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Wang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Kexin Shen
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meixiao Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dexi Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Ibrahim KA, Naidu AS, Miljkovic H, Radenovic A, Yang W. Label-Free Techniques for Probing Biomolecular Condensates. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10738-10757. [PMID: 38609349 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates play important roles in a wide array of fundamental biological processes, such as cellular compartmentalization, cellular regulation, and other biochemical reactions. Since their discovery and first observations, an extensive and expansive library of tools has been developed to investigate various aspects and properties, encompassing structural and compositional information, material properties, and their evolution throughout the life cycle from formation to eventual dissolution. This Review presents an overview of the expanded set of tools and methods that researchers use to probe the properties of biomolecular condensates across diverse scales of length, concentration, stiffness, and time. In particular, we review recent years' exciting development of label-free techniques and methodologies. We broadly organize the set of tools into 3 categories: (1) imaging-based techniques, such as transmitted-light microscopy (TLM) and Brillouin microscopy (BM), (2) force spectroscopy techniques, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the optical tweezer (OT), and (3) microfluidic platforms and emerging technologies. We point out the tools' key opportunities, challenges, and future perspectives and analyze their correlative potential as well as compatibility with other techniques. Additionally, we review emerging techniques, namely, differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) and interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT), that have huge potential for future applications in studying biomolecular condensates. Finally, we highlight how some of these techniques can be translated for diagnostics and therapy purposes. We hope this Review serves as a useful guide for new researchers in this field and aids in advancing the development of new biophysical tools to study biomolecular condensates.
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7
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Coker ZN, Troyanova-Wood M, Steelman ZA, Ibey BL, Bixler JN, Scully MO, Yakovlev VV. Brillouin microscopy monitors rapid responses in subcellular compartments. PHOTONIX 2024; 5:9. [PMID: 38618142 PMCID: PMC11006764 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-024-00123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Measurements and imaging of the mechanical response of biological cells are critical for understanding the mechanisms of many diseases, and for fundamental studies of energy, signal and force transduction. The recent emergence of Brillouin microscopy as a powerful non-contact, label-free way to non-invasively and non-destructively assess local viscoelastic properties provides an opportunity to expand the scope of biomechanical research to the sub-cellular level. Brillouin spectroscopy has recently been validated through static measurements of cell viscoelastic properties, however, fast (sub-second) measurements of sub-cellular cytomechanical changes have yet to be reported. In this report, we utilize a custom multimodal spectroscopy system to monitor for the very first time the rapid viscoelastic response of cells and subcellular structures to a short-duration electrical impulse. The cytomechanical response of three subcellular structures - cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, and nucleoli - were monitored, showing distinct mechanical changes despite an identical stimulus. Through this pioneering transformative study, we demonstrate the capability of Brillouin spectroscopy to measure rapid, real-time biomechanical changes within distinct subcellular compartments. Our results support the promising future of Brillouin spectroscopy within the broad scope of cellular biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N. Coker
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- SAIC, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA
| | | | - Zachary A. Steelman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA
| | - Bennett L. Ibey
- Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA
| | - Joel N. Bixler
- Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA
| | - Marlan O. Scully
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Vladislav V. Yakovlev
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3120 TAMU, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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8
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Coraggio F, Bhushan M, Roumeliotis S, Caroti F, Bevilacqua C, Prevedel R, Rapti G. Age-progressive interplay of HSP-proteostasis, ECM-cell junctions and biomechanics ensures C. elegans astroglial architecture. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2861. [PMID: 38570505 PMCID: PMC10991496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue integrity is sensitive to temperature, tension, age, and is sustained throughout life by adaptive cell-autonomous or extrinsic mechanisms. Safeguarding the remarkably-complex architectures of neurons and glia ensures age-dependent integrity of functional circuits. Here, we report mechanisms sustaining the integrity of C. elegans CEPsh astrocyte-like glia. We combine large-scale genetics with manipulation of genes, cells, and their environment, quantitative imaging of cellular/ subcellular features, tissue material properties and extracellular matrix (ECM). We identify mutants with age-progressive, environment-dependent defects in glial architecture, consequent disruption of neuronal architecture, and abnormal aging. Functional loss of epithelial Hsp70/Hsc70-cochaperone BAG2 causes ECM disruption, altered tissue biomechanics, and hypersensitivity of glia to environmental temperature and mechanics. Glial-cell junctions ensure epithelia-ECM-CEPsh glia association. Modifying glial junctions or ECM mechanics safeguards glial integrity against disrupted BAG2-proteostasis. Overall, we present a finely-regulated interplay of proteostasis-ECM and cell junctions with conserved components that ensures age-progressive robustness of glial architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coraggio
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahak Bhushan
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Spyridon Roumeliotis
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Caroti
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlo Bevilacqua
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgia Rapti
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Han X, Zhang Y, Shi G, Liu G, Ai S, Wang Y, Zhang Q, He X. Quantitative assessment of corneal elasticity distribution after FS-LASIK using optical coherence elastography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300441. [PMID: 38221644 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying corneal elasticity after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) procedure plays an important role in improving surgical safety and quality, since some latent complications may occur ascribing to changes in postoperative corneal biomechanics. Nevertheless, it is suggested that current research has been severely constrained due to the lack of an accurate quantification method to obtain postoperative corneal elasticity distribution. In this paper, an acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography system combined with the improved phase velocity algorithm was utilized to realize elasticity distribution images of the in vivo rabbit cornea after FS-LASIK under various intraocular pressure levels. As a result, elasticity variations within and between the regions of interest could be identified precisely. This is the first time that elasticity imaging of in vivo cornea after FS-LASIK surgery was demonstrated, and the results suggested that this technology may hold promise in further exploring corneal biomechanical properties after refractive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Gang Shi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Sizhu Ai
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yidi Wang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Xingdao He
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
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10
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Romodina MN, Parmar A, Singh K. In vivo measurement of the biomechanical properties of human skin with motion-corrected Brillouin microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1777-1784. [PMID: 38495685 PMCID: PMC10942711 DOI: 10.1364/boe.516032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Biomechanical testing of human skin in vivo is important to study the aging process and pathological conditions such as skin cancer. Brillouin microscopy allows the all-optical, non-contact visualization of the mechanical properties of cells and tissues over space. Here, we use the combination of Brillouin microscopy and optical coherence tomography for motion-corrected, depth-resolved biomechanical testing of human skin in vivo. We obtained two peaks in the Brillouin spectra for the epidermis, the first at 7 GHz and the second near 9-10 GHz. The experimentally measured Brillouin frequency shift of the dermis is lower compared to the epidermis and is 6.8 GHz, indicating the lower stiffness of the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Romodina
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Asha Parmar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kanwarpal Singh
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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11
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Abalymov AA, Anisimov RA, Demina PA, Kildisheva VA, Kalinova AE, Serdobintsev AA, Novikova NG, Petrenko DB, Sadovnikov AV, Voronin DV, Lomova MV. Time-Delayed Anticancer Effect of an Extremely Low Frequency Alternating Magnetic Field and Multimodal Protein-Tannin-Mitoxantrone Carriers with Brillouin Microspectroscopy Visualization In Vitro. Biomedicines 2024; 12:443. [PMID: 38398045 PMCID: PMC10887239 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of an extremely low frequency alternating magnetic field (ELF AMF) at frequencies of 17, 48, and 95 Hz at 100 mT on free and internalized 4T1 breast cancer cell submicron magnetic mineral carriers with an anticancer drug, mitoxantrone, was shown. The alternating magnetic field (100 mT; 17, 48, 95 Hz; time of treatment-10.5 min with a 30 s delay) does not lead to the significant destruction of carrier shells and release of mitoxantrone or bovine serum albumin from them according to the data of spectrophotometry, or the heating of carriers in the process of exposure to magnetic fields. The most optimal set of factors that would lead to the suppression of proliferation and survival of cells with anticancer drug carriers on the third day (in comparison with the control and first day) is exposure to an alternating magnetic field of 100 mT in a pulsed mode with a frequency of 95 Hz. The presence of magnetic nanocarriers in cell lines was carried out by a direct label-free method, space-resolved Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectrometry, which was realized for the first time. The analysis of the series of integrated BLS spectra showed an increase in the magnetic phase in cells with a growth in the number of particles per cell (from 10 to 100) after their internalization. The safety of magnetic carriers in the release of their constituent ions has been evaluated using atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii A. Abalymov
- Science Medical Centre, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskayast, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Roman A. Anisimov
- Science Medical Centre, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskayast, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Polina A. Demina
- Science Medical Centre, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskayast, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskayast, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Veronika A. Kildisheva
- Science Medical Centre, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskayast, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Alexandra E. Kalinova
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskayast, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Serdobintsev
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskayast, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Nadezhda G. Novikova
- Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation, Mineral Resources Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 111020, Russia
- The Core Shared Research Facility “Industrial Biotechnologies”, Aleksei Nikolayevich Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Petrenko
- Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119017, Russia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry, Federal State University of Education, Mytischi 141014, Russia
| | - Alexandr V. Sadovnikov
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskayast, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Denis V. Voronin
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maria V. Lomova
- Science Medical Centre, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskayast, Saratov 410012, Russia
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Samalova M, Melnikava A, Elsayad K, Peaucelle A, Gahurova E, Gumulec J, Spyroglou I, Zemlyanskaya EV, Ubogoeva EV, Balkova D, Demko M, Blavet N, Alexiou P, Benes V, Mouille G, Hejatko J. Hormone-regulated expansins: Expression, localization, and cell wall biomechanics in Arabidopsis root growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:209-228. [PMID: 37073485 PMCID: PMC10762514 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Expansins facilitate cell expansion by mediating pH-dependent cell wall (CW) loosening. However, the role of expansins in controlling CW biomechanical properties in specific tissues and organs remains elusive. We monitored hormonal responsiveness and spatial specificity of expression and localization of expansins predicted to be the direct targets of cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found EXPANSIN1 (EXPA1) homogenously distributed throughout the CW of columella/lateral root cap, while EXPA10 and EXPA14 localized predominantly at 3-cell boundaries in the epidermis/cortex in various root zones. EXPA15 revealed cell-type-specific combination of homogenous vs. 3-cell boundaries localization. By comparing Brillouin frequency shift and AFM-measured Young's modulus, we demonstrated Brillouin light scattering (BLS) as a tool suitable for non-invasive in vivo quantitative assessment of CW viscoelasticity. Using both BLS and AFM, we showed that EXPA1 overexpression upregulated CW stiffness in the root transition zone (TZ). The dexamethasone-controlled EXPA1 overexpression induced fast changes in the transcription of numerous CW-associated genes, including several EXPAs and XYLOGLUCAN:XYLOGLUCOSYL TRANSFERASEs (XTHs), and associated with rapid pectin methylesterification determined by in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the root TZ. The EXPA1-induced CW remodeling is associated with the shortening of the root apical meristem, leading to root growth arrest. Based on our results, we propose that expansins control root growth by a delicate orchestration of CW biomechanical properties, possibly regulating both CW loosening and CW remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Samalova
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Alesia Melnikava
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kareem Elsayad
- Division of Anatomy, Centre for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | | | - Evelina Gahurova
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ioannis Spyroglou
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Elena V Zemlyanskaya
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630073, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena V Ubogoeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Darina Balkova
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Demko
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolas Blavet
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Panagiotis Alexiou
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | | | - Jan Hejatko
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
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13
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Phuyal S, Romani P, Dupont S, Farhan H. Mechanobiology of organelles: illuminating their roles in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:1049-1061. [PMID: 37236902 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mechanobiology studies the mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to physical forces, and the role of these forces in shaping cells and tissues themselves. Mechanosensing can occur at the plasma membrane, which is directly exposed to external forces, but also in the cell's interior, for example, through deformation of the nucleus. Less is known on how the function and morphology of organelles are influenced by alterations in their own mechanical properties, or by external forces. Here, we discuss recent advances on the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction of organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, the endo-lysosmal system, and the mitochondria. We highlight open questions that need to be addressed to gain a broader understanding of the role of organelle mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Phuyal
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrizia Romani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sirio Dupont
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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14
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Alonso Baez L, Bacete L. Cell wall dynamics: novel tools and research questions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6448-6467. [PMID: 37539735 PMCID: PMC10662238 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Years ago, a classic textbook would define plant cell walls based on passive features. For instance, a sort of plant exoskeleton of invariable polysaccharide composition, and probably painted in green. However, currently, this view has been expanded to consider plant cell walls as active, heterogeneous, and dynamic structures with a high degree of complexity. However, what do we mean when we refer to a cell wall as a dynamic structure? How can we investigate the different implications of this dynamism? While the first question has been the subject of several recent publications, defining the ideal strategies and tools needed to address the second question has proven to be challenging due to the myriad of techniques available. In this review, we will describe the capacities of several methodologies to study cell wall composition, structure, and other aspects developed or optimized in recent years. Keeping in mind cell wall dynamism and plasticity, the advantages of performing long-term non-invasive live-imaging methods will be emphasized. We specifically focus on techniques developed for Arabidopsis thaliana primary cell walls, but the techniques could be applied to both secondary cell walls and other plant species. We believe this toolset will help researchers in expanding knowledge of these dynamic/evolving structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alonso Baez
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Laura Bacete
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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15
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Xin Y, Li K, Huang M, Liang C, Siemann D, Wu L, Tan Y, Tang X. Biophysics in tumor growth and progression: from single mechano-sensitive molecules to mechanomedicine. Oncogene 2023; 42:3457-3490. [PMID: 37864030 PMCID: PMC10656290 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from physical sciences in oncology increasingly suggests that the interplay between the biophysical tumor microenvironment and genetic regulation has significant impact on tumor progression. Especially, tumor cells and the associated stromal cells not only alter their own cytoskeleton and physical properties but also remodel the microenvironment with anomalous physical properties. Together, these altered mechano-omics of tumor tissues and their constituents fundamentally shift the mechanotransduction paradigms in tumorous and stromal cells and activate oncogenic signaling within the neoplastic niche to facilitate tumor progression. However, current findings on tumor biophysics are limited, scattered, and often contradictory in multiple contexts. Systematic understanding of how biophysical cues influence tumor pathophysiology is still lacking. This review discusses recent different schools of findings in tumor biophysics that have arisen from multi-scale mechanobiology and the cutting-edge technologies. These findings range from the molecular and cellular to the whole tissue level and feature functional crosstalk between mechanotransduction and oncogenic signaling. We highlight the potential of these anomalous physical alterations as new therapeutic targets for cancer mechanomedicine. This framework reconciles opposing opinions in the field, proposes new directions for future cancer research, and conceptualizes novel mechanomedicine landscape to overcome the inherent shortcomings of conventional cancer diagnosis and therapies.
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Grants
- R35 GM150812 NIGMS NIH HHS
- This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project no. 11972316, Y.T.), Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (Project no. JCYJ20200109142001798, SGDX2020110309520303, and JCYJ20220531091002006, Y.T.), General Research Fund of Hong Kong Research Grant Council (PolyU 15214320, Y. T.), Health and Medical Research Fund (HMRF18191421, Y.T.), Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1-CD75, 1-ZE2M, and 1-ZVY1, Y.T.), the Cancer Pilot Research Award from UF Health Cancer Center (X. T.), the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number R35GM150812 (X. T.), the National Science Foundation under grant number 2308574 (X. T.), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA9550-23-1-0393 (X. T.), the University Scholar Program (X. T.), UF Research Opportunity Seed Fund (X. T.), the Gatorade Award (X. T.), and the National Science Foundation REU Site at UF: Engineering for Healthcare (Douglas Spearot and Malisa Sarntinoranont). We are deeply grateful for the insightful discussions with and generous support from all members of Tang (UF)’s and Tan (PolyU)’s laboratories and all staff members of the MAE/BME/ECE/Health Cancer Center at UF and BME at PolyU.
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xin
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Keming Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chenyu Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dietmar Siemann
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lizi Wu
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Youhua Tan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Institute of Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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16
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Kolb J, Tsata V, John N, Kim K, Möckel C, Rosso G, Kurbel V, Parmar A, Sharma G, Karandasheva K, Abuhattum S, Lyraki O, Beck T, Müller P, Schlüßler R, Frischknecht R, Wehner A, Krombholz N, Steigenberger B, Beis D, Takeoka A, Blümcke I, Möllmert S, Singh K, Guck J, Kobow K, Wehner D. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans inhibit CNS regeneration by modifying the structural and mechanical properties of the lesion environment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6814. [PMID: 37884489 PMCID: PMC10603094 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition after central nervous system (CNS) injury leads to inhibitory scarring in humans and other mammals, whereas it facilitates axon regeneration in the zebrafish. However, the molecular basis of these different fates is not understood. Here, we identify small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) as a contributing factor to regeneration failure in mammals. We demonstrate that the SLRPs chondroadherin, fibromodulin, lumican, and prolargin are enriched in rodent and human but not zebrafish CNS lesions. Targeting SLRPs to the zebrafish injury ECM inhibits axon regeneration and functional recovery. Mechanistically, we find that SLRPs confer mechano-structural properties to the lesion environment that are adverse to axon growth. Our study reveals SLRPs as inhibitory ECM factors that impair axon regeneration by modifying tissue mechanics and structure, and identifies their enrichment as a feature of human brain and spinal cord lesions. These findings imply that SLRPs may be targets for therapeutic strategies to promote CNS regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kolb
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Tsata
- Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nora John
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Conrad Möckel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veronika Kurbel
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Asha Parmar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gargi Sharma
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Karandasheva
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shada Abuhattum
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Lyraki
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timon Beck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Müller
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raimund Schlüßler
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Wehner
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicole Krombholz
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Steigenberger
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aya Takeoka
- VIB-Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neuroscience and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Möllmert
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kanwarpal Singh
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Wehner
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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17
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Hardiman W, Clark M, Friel C, Huett A, Pérez-Cota F, Setchfield K, Wright AJ, Tassieri M. Living cells as a biological analog of optical tweezers - a non-invasive microrheology approach. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:317-325. [PMID: 37137402 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microrheology, the study of fluids on micron length-scales, promises to reveal insights into cellular biology, including mechanical biomarkers of disease and the interplay between biomechanics and cellular function. Here a minimally-invasive passive microrheology technique is applied to individual living cells by chemically binding a bead to the surface of a cell, and observing the mean squared displacement of the bead at timescales ranging from milliseconds to 100s of seconds. Measurements are repeated over the course of hours, and presented alongside analysis to quantify changes in the cells' low-frequency elastic modulus, G0', and the cell's dynamics over the time window ∼10-2 s to 10 s. An analogy to optical trapping allows verification of the invariant viscosity of HeLa S3 cells under control conditions and after cytoskeletal disruption. Stiffening of the cell is observed during cytoskeletal rearrangement in the control case, and cell softening when the actin cytoskeleton is disrupted by Latrunculin B. These data correlate with conventional understanding that integrin binding and recruitment triggers cytoskeletal rearrangement. This is, to our knowledge, the first time that cell stiffening has been measured during focal adhesion maturation, and the longest time over which such stiffening has been quantified by any means. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Here, we present an approach for studying mechanical properties of live cells without applying external forces or inserting tracers. Regulation of cellular biomechanics is crucial to healthy cell function. For the first time in literature, we can non-invasively and passively quantify cell mechanics during interactions with functionalised surface. Our method can monitor the maturation of adhesion sites on the surface of individual live cells without disrupting the cell mechanics by applying forces to the cell. We observe a stiffening response in cells over tens of minutes after a bead chemically binds. This stiffening reduces the deformation rate of the cytoskeleton, although the internal force generation increases. Our method has potential for applications to study mechanics during cell-surface and cell-vesicle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hardiman
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Matt Clark
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Claire Friel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alan Huett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Fernando Pérez-Cota
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kerry Setchfield
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Amanda J Wright
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Manlio Tassieri
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
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18
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Salzenstein P, Wu TY. Uncertainty Estimation for the Brillouin Frequency Shift Measurement Using a Scanning Tandem Fabry-Pérot Interferometer. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1429. [PMID: 37512740 PMCID: PMC10386179 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The expanded uncertainty of the measured Brillouin scattering shift frequencies is essential in assessing the measurements of parameters of various materials. We describe the general operation principles of a Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectrometer with a high-power laser and a scanning tandem Fabry-Pérot interferometer (TFPI) for material characterization. Various uncertainty components have been analyzed for the BLS spectrometer following the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). The expanded relative uncertainty in the measured Brillouin frequency shift of 15.70 GHz for polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was estimated to be 0.26%. The calculated Brillouin frequency shift (based on material properties of PMMA) was determined to be 15.44 GHz with expanded relative uncertainty of 2.13%. It was shown that the measured and calculated Brillouin frequency shifts for PMMA agree within their expanded uncertainties. The TFPI-based BLS spectrometer can be used to measure the longitudinal modulus of materials with an expanded uncertainty of 1.9%, which is smaller than that of the ultrasonic velocity-based method (estimated to be 2.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Salzenstein
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Franche-Comté Electronique Mécanique Thermique Optique Sciences et Technologies (FEMTO-ST) Institute, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Thomas Y Wu
- National Metrology Centre (NMC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 CleanTech Loop, #01-20, Singapore 637145, Singapore
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19
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20
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Yu K, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Hu X, Chang J, Hartland GV, Wang GP. Compressible viscoelasticity of cell membranes determined by gigahertz-frequency acoustic vibrations. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100494. [PMID: 37131996 PMCID: PMC10149280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane viscosity is an important property of cell biology, which determines cellular function, development and disease progression. Various experimental and computational methods have been developed to investigate the mechanics of cells. However, there have been no experimental measurements of the membrane viscosity at high-frequencies in live cells. High frequency measurements are important because they can probe viscoelastic effects. Here, we investigate the membrane viscosity at gigahertz-frequencies through the damping of the acoustic vibrations of gold nanoplates. The experiments are modeled using a continuum mechanics theory which reveals that the membranes display viscoelasticity, with an estimated relaxation time of ca. 5.7 + 2.4 / - 2.7 ps. We further demonstrate that membrane viscoelasticity can be used to differentiate a cancerous cell line (the human glioblastoma cells LN-18) from a normal cell line (the mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells bEnd.3). The viscosity of cancerous cells LN-18 is lower than that of healthy cells bEnd.3 by a factor of three. The results indicate promising applications of characterizing membrane viscoelasticity at gigahertz-frequency in cell diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiqi Jiang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yungao Chen
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gregory V. Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Guo Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Corresponding author.
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21
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Zhang J, Nikolic M, Tanner K, Scarcelli G. Rapid biomechanical imaging at low irradiation level via dual line-scanning Brillouin microscopy. Nat Methods 2023; 20:677-681. [PMID: 36894684 PMCID: PMC10363327 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy is a technique for mechanical characterization of biological material without contact at high three-dimensional resolution. Here, we introduce dual line-scanning Brillouin microscopy (dLSBM), which improves acquisition speed and reduces irradiation dose by more than one order of magnitude with selective illumination and single-shot analysis of hundreds of points along the incident beam axis. Using tumor spheroids, we demonstrate the ability to capture the sample response to rapid mechanical perturbations as well as the spatially resolved evolution of the mechanical properties in growing spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Zhang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Milos Nikolic
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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22
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Bevilacqua C, Gomez JM, Fiuza UM, Chan CJ, Wang L, Hambura S, Eguren M, Ellenberg J, Diz-Muñoz A, Leptin M, Prevedel R. High-resolution line-scan Brillouin microscopy for live imaging of mechanical properties during embryo development. Nat Methods 2023; 20:755-760. [PMID: 36997817 PMCID: PMC10172129 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy can assess mechanical properties of biological samples in a three-dimensional (3D), all-optical and hence non-contact fashion, but its weak signals often lead to long imaging times and require an illumination dosage harmful for living organisms. Here, we present a high-resolution line-scanning Brillouin microscope for multiplexed and hence fast 3D imaging of dynamic biological processes with low phototoxicity. The improved background suppression and resolution, in combination with fluorescence light-sheet imaging, enables the visualization of the mechanical properties of cells and tissues over space and time in living organism models such as fruit flies, ascidians and mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bevilacqua
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Gomez
- Director's Research Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulla-Maj Fiuza
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Systems Bioengineering, MELIS, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chii Jou Chan
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling Wang
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hambura
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Eguren
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Ellenberg
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Leptin
- Director's Research Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Khalilgharibi N, Paci G, Mao Y. Line-scanning speeds up Brillouin microscopy. Nat Methods 2023; 20:643-644. [PMID: 36997818 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nargess Khalilgharibi
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Paci
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yanlan Mao
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK.
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24
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O’Connor SP, Doktor DA, Scully MO, Yakovlev VV. Spectral resolution enhancement for impulsive stimulated Brillouin spectroscopy by expanding pump beam geometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:14604-14616. [PMID: 37157321 PMCID: PMC10316680 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy has recently emerged as a powerful tool for mechanical property measurements in biomedical sensing and imaging applications. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering (ISBS) microscopy has been proposed for faster and more accurate measurements, which do not rely on stable narrow-band lasers and thermally-drifting etalon-based spectrometers. However, the spectral resolution of ISBS-based signal has not been significantly explored. In this report, the ISBS spectral profile has been investigated as a function of the pump beam's spatial geometry, and novel methodologies have been developed for accurate spectral assessment. The ISBS linewidth was found to consistently decrease with increasing pump-beam diameter. These findings provide the means for improved spectral resolution measurements and pave the way to broader applications of ISBS microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. O’Connor
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dominik A. Doktor
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Marlan O. Scully
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Vladislav V. Yakovlev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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25
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Suardi N, Germanam SJ, Rahim NAYM. Acoustic evaluation of photobiomodulation effect on in vitro human blood samples. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:99. [PMID: 37059895 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Although positive photobiomodulation response on wound healing, tissue repair, and therapeutic treatment has been widely reported, additional works are still needed to understand its effects on human blood. This research carried out acoustic measurements using A-scan (GAMPT) ultrasonic techniques to elucidate the photobiomodulation effects on in vitro human blood samples as therapeutic treatment measures. The human blood samples were irradiated using a 532-nm laser with different output laser powers (60 and 80 mW) at various exposure times. The ultrasonic velocity measured in the human blood samples after laser irradiation showed significant changes, most of which were within the acceptance limit for soft tissues (1570 [Formula: see text] 30 m/s). Abnormal cells (echinocyte and crenation) were observed due to excessive exposure during laser treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursakinah Suardi
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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26
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Lan G, Twa MD, Song C, Feng J, Huang Y, Xu J, Qin J, An L, Wei X. In vivo corneal elastography: A topical review of challenges and opportunities. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2664-2687. [PMID: 37181662 PMCID: PMC10173410 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical measurement of corneal biomechanics can aid in the early diagnosis, progression tracking, and treatment evaluation of ocular diseases. Over the past two decades, interdisciplinary collaborations between investigators in optical engineering, analytical biomechanical modeling, and clinical research has expanded our knowledge of corneal biomechanics. These advances have led to innovations in testing methods (ex vivo, and recently, in vivo) across multiple spatial and strain scales. However, in vivo measurement of corneal biomechanics remains a long-standing challenge and is currently an active area of research. Here, we review the existing and emerging approaches for in vivo corneal biomechanics evaluation, which include corneal applanation methods, such as ocular response analyzer (ORA) and corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST), Brillouin microscopy, and elastography methods, and the emerging field of optical coherence elastography (OCE). We describe the fundamental concepts, analytical methods, and current clinical status for each of these methods. Finally, we discuss open questions for the current state of in vivo biomechanics assessment techniques and requirements for wider use that will further broaden our understanding of corneal biomechanics for the detection and management of ocular diseases, and improve the safety and efficacy of future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongpu Lan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Michael D Twa
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Chengjin Song
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - JinPing Feng
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jingjiang Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jia Qin
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Lin An
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
- International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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27
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Shi C, Zhang H, Zhang J. Non-contact and label-free biomechanical imaging: Stimulated Brillouin microscopy and beyond. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2023; 11:1175653. [PMID: 37377499 PMCID: PMC10299794 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2023.1175653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering has emerged as a unique elastography technique because of its merit of non-contact, label-free, and high-resolution mechanical imaging of biological cell and tissue. Recently, several new optical modalities based on stimulated Brillouin scattering have been developed for biomechanical research. As the scattering efficiency of the stimulated process is much higher than its counterpart in the spontaneous process, stimulated Brillouin-based methods have the potential to significantly improve the speed and spectral resolution of existing Brillouin microscopy. Here, we review the ongoing technological advancements of three methods, including continuous wave stimulated Brillouin microscopy, impulsive stimulated Brillouin microscopy, and laser-induced picosecond ultrasonics. We describe the physical principle, the representative instrumentation, and biological application of each method. We further discuss the current limitations as well as the challenges for translating these methods into a visible biomedical instrument for biophysics and mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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28
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Shi C, Yan Y, Mehrmohammadi M, Zhang J. A versatile multimodal optical modality based on Brillouin light scattering and photoacoustic effect. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.10.532144. [PMID: 36945550 PMCID: PMC10028970 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.10.532144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal optical imaging techniques are useful for various applications, including imaging biological samples for providing comprehensive material properties. In this work, we developed a new modality that can measure a set of mechanical, optical, and acoustical properties of a sample at microscopic resolution, which is based on the integration of Brillouin (Br) and photoacoustic (PA) microscopy. The proposed multimodal imaging technique not only can acquire co-registered Br and PA signals but also allows us to utilize the sound speed measured by PA to quantify the sample’s refractive index, which is a fundamental property of the material and cannot be measured by either technique individually. We demonstrated the colocalization of Br and time-resolved PA signals in a synthetic phantom made of kerosene and CuSO 4 aqueous solution. In addition, we measured the refractive index of saline solutions and validated the result against published data with a relative error of 0.3 %. This multimodal Br-PA modality could open a new way for characterizing biological samples in physiological and pathological conditions.
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29
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Alunni Cardinali M, Govoni M, Tschon M, Brogini S, Vivarelli L, Morresi A, Fioretto D, Rocchi M, Stagni C, Fini M, Dallari D. Brillouin-Raman micro-spectroscopy and machine learning techniques to classify osteoarthritic lesions in the human articular cartilage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1690. [PMID: 36717645 PMCID: PMC9886972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Brillouin and Raman micro-Spectroscopy (BRamS) and Machine Learning were used to set-up a new diagnostic tool for Osteoarthritis (OA), potentially extendible to other musculoskeletal diseases. OA is a degenerative pathology, causing the onset of chronic pain due to cartilage disruption. Despite this, it is often diagnosed late and the radiological assessment during the routine examination may fail to recognize the threshold beyond which pharmacological treatment is no longer sufficient and prosthetic replacement is required. Here, femoral head resections of OA-affected patients were analyzed by BRamS, looking for distinctive mechanical and chemical markers of the progressive degeneration degree, and the result was compared to standard assignment via histological staining. The procedure was optimized for diagnostic prediction by using a machine learning algorithm and reducing the time required for measurements, paving the way for possible future in vivo characterization of the articular surface through endoscopic probes during arthroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Alunni Cardinali
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Govoni
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques-Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Brogini
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Vivarelli
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques-Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Assunta Morresi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Fioretto
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,CEMIN-Center of Excellence for Innovative Nanostructured Material, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Rocchi
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques-Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Stagni
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques-Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Scientific Director, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dante Dallari
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques-Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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30
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Leartprapun N, Adie SG. Recent advances in optical elastography and emerging opportunities in the basic sciences and translational medicine [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:208-248. [PMID: 36698669 PMCID: PMC9842001 DOI: 10.1364/boe.468932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Optical elastography offers a rich body of imaging capabilities that can serve as a bridge between organ-level medical elastography and single-molecule biophysics. We review the methodologies and recent developments in optical coherence elastography, Brillouin microscopy, optical microrheology, and photoacoustic elastography. With an outlook toward maximizing the basic science and translational clinical impact of optical elastography technologies, we discuss potential ways that these techniques can integrate not only with each other, but also with supporting technologies and capabilities in other biomedical fields. By embracing cross-modality and cross-disciplinary interactions with these parallel fields, optical elastography can greatly increase its potential to drive new discoveries in the biomedical sciences as well as the development of novel biomechanics-based clinical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichaluk Leartprapun
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Present affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven G. Adie
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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31
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Windberger U, Sparer A, Elsayad K. The role of plasma in the yield stress of blood. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 84:369-383. [PMID: 37334582 DOI: 10.3233/ch-231701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yielding and shear elasticity of blood are merely discussed within the context of hematocrit and erythrocyte aggregation. However, plasma might play a substantial role due its own viscoelasticity. OBJECTIVE If only erythrocyte aggregation and hematocrit would determine yielding, blood of different species with comparable values would present comparable yield stresses. METHODS rheometry (SAOS: amplitude and frequency sweep tests; flow curves) of hematocrit-matched samples at 37°C. Brillouin Light Scattering Spectroscopy at 38°C. RESULTS Yield stress for pig: 20mPa, rat: 18mPa, and human blood: 9mPa. Cow and sheep blood were not in quasi-stationary state supporting the role of erythrocyte aggregation for the development of elasticity and yielding. However, pig and human erythrocytes feature similar aggregability, but yield stress of porcine blood was double. Murine and ruminant erythrocytes both rarely aggregate, but their blood behavior was fundamentally different. Pig plasma was shear-thinning and murine plasma was platelet-enriched, supporting the role of plasma for triggering collective effects and gel-like properties. CONCLUSIONS Blood behavior near zero shear flow is not based solely on erythrocyte aggregation and hematocrit, but includes the hydrodynamic interaction with plasma. The shear stress required to break down elasticity is not the critical shear stress for dispersing erythrocyte aggregates, but the shear stress required to fracture the entire assembly of blood cells within their intimate embedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Windberger
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Decentralized Biomedical Facilities, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - A Sparer
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Decentralized Biomedical Facilities, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - K Elsayad
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
- Medical Imaging Cluster (MIC), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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32
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Morales IA, Boghdady CM, Campbell BE, Moraes C. Integrating mechanical sensor readouts into organ-on-a-chip platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1060895. [PMID: 36588933 PMCID: PMC9800895 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-a-chip have emerged as next-generation tissue engineered models to accurately capture realistic human tissue behaviour, thereby addressing many of the challenges associated with using animal models in research. Mechanical features of the culture environment have emerged as being critically important in designing organs-on-a-chip, as they play important roles in both stimulating realistic tissue formation and function, as well as capturing integrative elements of homeostasis, tissue function, and tissue degeneration in response to external insult and injury. Despite the demonstrated impact of incorporating mechanical cues in these models, strategies to measure these mechanical tissue features in microfluidically-compatible formats directly on-chip are relatively limited. In this review, we first describe general microfluidically-compatible Organs-on-a-chip sensing strategies, and categorize these advances based on the specific advantages of incorporating them on-chip. We then consider foundational and recent advances in mechanical analysis techniques spanning cellular to tissue length scales; and discuss their integration into Organs-on-a-chips for more effective drug screening, disease modeling, and characterization of biological dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christopher Moraes
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Christopher Moraes,
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33
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Techniques for In Vivo Assessment of Corneal Biomechanics: Brillouin Spectroscopy and Hydration State - Quo Vadis? Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239:1427-1432. [PMID: 35977709 DOI: 10.1055/a-1926-5249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To assess the structural integrity of the cornea, non-invasive methods are needed for the local measurement of its mechanical properties. Among a number of established techniques and their associated advantages and disadvantages, Brillouin spectroscopy is still a relatively new technique, capable of determining the compressive modulus of biological tissue, specifically the cornea, in vivo. In the present paper, these various existing and developing technologies for corneal biomechanics are discussed and correlated.
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34
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Comprehensive single-shot biophysical cytometry using simultaneous quantitative phase imaging and Brillouin spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18285. [PMID: 36316372 PMCID: PMC9622723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell analysis, or cytometry, is a ubiquitous tool in the biomedical sciences. Whereas most cytometers use fluorescent probes to ascertain the presence or absence of targeted molecules, biophysical parameters such as the cell density, refractive index, and viscosity are difficult to obtain. In this work, we combine two complementary techniques-quantitative phase imaging and Brillouin spectroscopy-into a label-free image cytometry platform capable of measuring more than a dozen biophysical properties of individual cells simultaneously. Using a geometric simplification linked to freshly plated cells, we can acquire the cellular diameter, volume, refractive index, mass density, non-aqueous mass, fluid volume, dry volume, the fractional water content of cells, both by mass and by volume, the Brillouin shift, Brillouin linewidth, longitudinal modulus, longitudinal viscosity, the loss modulus, and the loss tangent, all from a single acquisition, and with no assumptions of underlying parameters. Our methods are validated across three cell populations, including a control population of CHO-K1 cells, cells exposed to tubulin-disrupting nocodazole, and cells under hypoosmotic shock. Our system will unlock new avenues of research in biophysics, cell biology, and medicine.
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35
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Riquelme-Guzmán C, Beck T, Edwards-Jorquera S, Schlüßler R, Müller P, Guck J, Möllmert S, Sandoval-Guzmán T. In vivo assessment of mechanical properties during axolotl development and regeneration using confocal Brillouin microscopy. Open Biol 2022; 12:220078. [PMID: 35728623 PMCID: PMC9213112 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In processes such as development and regeneration, where large cellular and tissue rearrangements occur, cell fate and behaviour are strongly influenced by tissue mechanics. While most well-established tools probing mechanical properties require an invasive sample preparation, confocal Brillouin microscopy captures mechanical parameters optically with high resolution in a contact-free and label-free fashion. In this work, we took advantage of this tool and the transparency of the highly regenerative axolotl to probe its mechanical properties in vivo for the first time. We mapped the Brillouin frequency shift with high resolution in developing limbs and regenerating digits, the most studied structures in the axolotl. We detected a gradual increase in the cartilage Brillouin frequency shift, suggesting decreasing tissue compressibility during both development and regeneration. Moreover, we were able to correlate such an increase with the regeneration stage, which was undetected with fluorescence microscopy imaging. The present work evidences the potential of Brillouin microscopy to unravel the mechanical changes occurring in vivo in axolotls, setting the basis to apply this technique in the growing field of epimorphic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Riquelme-Guzmán
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine 3, Center for Healthy Aging, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Timon Beck
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Edwards-Jorquera
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Center for Healthy Aging, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Raimund Schlüßler
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Müller
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Möllmert
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tatiana Sandoval-Guzmán
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Center for Healthy Aging, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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36
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Vakhrusheva A, Murashko A, Trifonova E, Efremov Y, Timashev P, Sokolova O. Role of Actin-binding Proteins in the Regulation of Cellular Mechanics. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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37
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Ambekar YS, Singh M, Schill AW, Zhang J, Zevallos-Delgado C, Khajavi B, Aglyamov SR, Finnell RH, Scarcelli G, Larin KV. Multimodal imaging system combining optical coherence tomography and Brillouin microscopy for neural tube imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1347-1350. [PMID: 35290310 PMCID: PMC9088521 DOI: 10.1364/ol.453996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To understand the dynamics of tissue stiffness during neural tube formation and closure in a murine model, we have developed a multimodal, coaligned imaging system combining optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Brillouin microscopy. Brillouin microscopy can map the longitudinal modulus of tissue but cannot provide structural images. Thus, it is limited for imaging dynamic processes such as neural tube formation and closure. To overcome this limitation, we have combined Brillouin microscopy and OCT in one coaligned instrument. OCT provided depth-resolved structural imaging with a micrometer-scale spatial resolution to guide stiffness mapping by Brillouin modality. 2D structural and Brillouin frequency shift maps were acquired of mouse embryos at gestational day (GD) 8.5, 9.5, and 10.5 with the multimodal system. The results demonstrate the capability of the system to obtain structural and stiffness information simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander W. Schill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Behzad Khajavi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Salavat R. Aglyamov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology, Molecular and Human Genetics, and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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38
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Krug B, Koukourakis N, Guck J, Czarske J. Nonlinear microscopy using impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering for high-speed elastography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4748-4758. [PMID: 35209449 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impulsive stimulated Brillouin microscopy promises fast, non-contact measurements of the elastic properties of biological samples. The used pump-probe approach employs an ultra-short pulse laser and a cw laser to generate Brillouin signals. Modeling of the microscopy technique has already been carried out partially, but not for biomedical applications. The nonlinear relationship between pulse energy and Brillouin signal amplitude is proven with both simulations and experiments. Tayloring of the excitation parameters on the biologically relevant polyacrylamide hydrogels outline sub-ms temporal resolutions at a relative precision of <1%. Brillouin microscopy using the impulsive stimulated scattering therefore exhibits high potential for the measurements of viscoelastic properties of cells and tissues.
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39
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Carvalho E, Morais M, Ferreira H, Silva M, Guimarães S, Pêgo A. A paradigm shift: Bioengineering meets mechanobiology towards overcoming remyelination failure. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Colin L, Martin-Arevalillo R, Bovio S, Bauer A, Vernoux T, Caillaud MC, Landrein B, Jaillais Y. Imaging the living plant cell: From probes to quantification. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:247-272. [PMID: 34586412 PMCID: PMC8774089 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
At the center of cell biology is our ability to image the cell and its various components, either in isolation or within an organism. Given its importance, biological imaging has emerged as a field of its own, which is inherently highly interdisciplinary. Indeed, biologists rely on physicists and engineers to build new microscopes and imaging techniques, chemists to develop better imaging probes, and mathematicians and computer scientists for image analysis and quantification. Live imaging collectively involves all the techniques aimed at imaging live samples. It is a rapidly evolving field, with countless new techniques, probes, and dyes being continuously developed. Some of these new methods or reagents are readily amenable to image plant samples, while others are not and require specific modifications for the plant field. Here, we review some recent advances in live imaging of plant cells. In particular, we discuss the solutions that plant biologists use to live image membrane-bound organelles, cytoskeleton components, hormones, and the mechanical properties of cells or tissues. We not only consider the imaging techniques per se, but also how the construction of new fluorescent probes and analysis pipelines are driving the field of plant cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leia Colin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Raquel Martin-Arevalillo
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Simone Bovio
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
- LYMIC-PLATIM imaging and microscopy core facility, Univ Lyon, SFR Biosciences, ENS de Lyon, Inserm US8, CNRS UMS3444, UCBL-50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Bauer
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cecile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Benoit Landrein
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
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Schlüßler R, Kim K, Nötzel M, Taubenberger A, Abuhattum S, Beck T, Müller P, Maharana S, Cojoc G, Girardo S, Hermann A, Alberti S, Guck J. Correlative all-optical quantification of mass density and mechanics of subcellular compartments with fluorescence specificity. eLife 2022; 11:e68490. [PMID: 35001870 PMCID: PMC8816383 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative measurements of physical parameters become increasingly important for understanding biological processes. Brillouin microscopy (BM) has recently emerged as one technique providing the 3D distribution of viscoelastic properties inside biological samples - so far relying on the implicit assumption that refractive index (RI) and density can be neglected. Here, we present a novel method (FOB microscopy) combining BM with optical diffraction tomography and epifluorescence imaging for explicitly measuring the Brillouin shift, RI, and absolute density with specificity to fluorescently labeled structures. We show that neglecting the RI and density might lead to erroneous conclusions. Investigating the nucleoplasm of wild-type HeLa cells, we find that it has lower density but higher longitudinal modulus than the cytoplasm. Thus, the longitudinal modulus is not merely sensitive to the water content of the sample - a postulate vividly discussed in the field. We demonstrate the further utility of FOB on various biological systems including adipocytes and intracellular membraneless compartments. FOB microscopy can provide unexpected scientific discoveries and shed quantitative light on processes such as phase separation and transition inside living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Schlüßler
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Martin Nötzel
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
| | - Anna Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
| | - Shada Abuhattum
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Timon Beck
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Paul Müller
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Shovamaye Maharana
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruIndia
| | - Gheorghe Cojoc
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
| | - Salvatore Girardo
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", University Rostock, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Rostock/GreifswaldGermany
| | - Simon Alberti
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Physics of Life, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische UniversitätDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
- Physics of Life, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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42
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Bacete L, Schulz J, Engelsdorf T, Bartosova Z, Vaahtera L, Yan G, Gerhold JM, Tichá T, Øvstebø C, Gigli-Bisceglia N, Johannessen-Starheim S, Margueritat J, Kollist H, Dehoux T, McAdam SAM, Hamann T. THESEUS1 modulates cell wall stiffness and abscisic acid production in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119258119. [PMID: 34949719 PMCID: PMC8740707 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119258119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cells can be distinguished from animal cells by their cell walls and high-turgor pressure. Although changes in turgor and the stiffness of cell walls seem coordinated, we know little about the mechanism responsible for coordination. Evidence has accumulated that plants, like yeast, have a dedicated cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism. It monitors the functional integrity of the wall and maintains integrity through adaptive responses induced by cell wall damage arising during growth, development, and interactions with the environment. These adaptive responses include osmosensitive induction of phytohormone production, defense responses, as well as changes in cell wall composition and structure. Here, we investigate how the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism coordinates changes in cell wall stiffness and turgor in Arabidopsis thaliana We show that the production of abscisic acid (ABA), the phytohormone-modulating turgor pressure, and responses to drought depend on the presence of a functional cell wall. We find that the cell wall integrity sensor THESEUS1 modulates mechanical properties of walls, turgor loss point, ABA biosynthesis, and ABA-controlled processes. We identify RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 12 as a component of cell wall integrity maintenance-controlling, cell wall damage-induced jasmonic acid (JA) production. We propose that THE1 is responsible for coordinating changes in turgor pressure and cell wall stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bacete
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Schulz
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timo Engelsdorf
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Zdenka Bartosova
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lauri Vaahtera
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guqi Yan
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Lyon, 1-CNRS 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Tereza Tichá
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camilla Øvstebø
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nora Gigli-Bisceglia
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Svanhild Johannessen-Starheim
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeremie Margueritat
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Lyon, 1-CNRS 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Dehoux
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Lyon, 1-CNRS 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Thorsten Hamann
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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Sirotin MA, Romodina MN, Lyubin EV, Soboleva IV, Fedyanin AA. Single-cell all-optical coherence elastography with optical tweezers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:14-25. [PMID: 35154850 PMCID: PMC8803033 DOI: 10.1364/boe.444813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The elastic properties of cells are important for many of their functions, however the development of label free noninvasive cellular elastography method is a challenging topic. We present a novel single-cell all-optical coherence elastography method that combines optical tweezers producing mechanical excitation on the cell membrane or organelle and phase-sensitive optical coherence microscopy measuring sample response and determining its mechanical properties. The method allows living cells imaging with a lateral resolution of 0.5 μm and an axial resolution up to 10 nm, making it possible to detect nanometer displacements of the cell organelles and to record the propagation of mechanical wave along the cell membrane in response to optical tweezers excitation. We also demonstrate applicability of the method on single living red blood cells, yeast and cancer cells. The all-optical nature of the method developed makes it a promising and easily applicable tool for studying cellular and subcellular mechanics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Sirotin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maria N. Romodina
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Lyubin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Irina V. Soboleva
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Fedyanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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44
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Conrad C, Moore K, Polacheck W, Rizvi I, Scarcelli G. Mechanical Modulation of Ovarian Cancer Tumor Nodules Under Flow. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:294-301. [PMID: 34170820 PMCID: PMC8750319 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3092641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perfusion models are valuable tools to mimic complex features of the tumor microenvironment and to study cell behavior. In ovarian cancer, mimicking disease pathology of ascites has been achieved by seeding tumor nodules on a basement membrane and subjecting them to long-term continuous flow. In this scenario it is particularly important to study the role of mechanical stress on cancer progression. Mechanical cues are already known to be important in key cancer processes such as survival, proliferation, and migration. However, probing cell mechanical properties within microfluidic platforms has not been achievable with current technologies since samples are not easily accessible within most microfluidic channels. METHODS Here, to analyze the mechanical properties of cells within a perfusion chamber, we use Brillouin confocal microscopy, an all-optical technique that requires no contact or perturbation to the sample. RESULTS Our results indicate that ovarian cancer nodules under long-term continuous flow have a significantly lower longitudinal modulus compared to nodules maintained in a static condition. CONCLUSION We further dissect the role of distinct mechanical perturbations (e.g., shear flow, osmolality) on tumor nodule properties. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, the unique combination of a long-term microfluidic culture and noninvasive mechanical analysis technique provides insights on the effects of physical forces in ovarian cancer pathology.
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Hobson CM, Falvo MR, Superfine R. A survey of physical methods for studying nuclear mechanics and mechanobiology. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041508. [PMID: 34849443 PMCID: PMC8604565 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that the cell nucleus is not only a home for DNA but also a complex material that resists physical deformations and dynamically responds to external mechanical cues. The molecules that confer mechanical properties to nuclei certainly contribute to laminopathies and possibly contribute to cellular mechanotransduction and physical processes in cancer such as metastasis. Studying nuclear mechanics and the downstream biochemical consequences or their modulation requires a suite of complex assays for applying, measuring, and visualizing mechanical forces across diverse length, time, and force scales. Here, we review the current methods in nuclear mechanics and mechanobiology, placing specific emphasis on each of their unique advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we explore important considerations in selecting a new methodology as are demonstrated by recent examples from the literature. We conclude by providing an outlook on the development of new methods and the judicious use of the current techniques for continued exploration into the role of nuclear mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R. Falvo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Applied Physical Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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46
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Mahajan V, Beck T, Gregorczyk P, Ruland A, Alberti S, Guck J, Werner C, Schlüßler R, Taubenberger AV. Mapping Tumor Spheroid Mechanics in Dependence of 3D Microenvironment Stiffness and Degradability by Brillouin Microscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5549. [PMID: 34771711 PMCID: PMC8583550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered biophysical properties of cancer cells and of their microenvironment contribute to cancer progression. While the relationship between microenvironmental stiffness and cancer cell mechanical properties and responses has been previously studied using two-dimensional (2D) systems, much less is known about it in a physiologically more relevant 3D context and in particular for multicellular systems. To investigate the influence of microenvironment stiffness on tumor spheroid mechanics, we first generated MCF-7 tumor spheroids within matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable 3D polyethylene glycol (PEG)-heparin hydrogels, where spheroids showed reduced growth in stiffer hydrogels. We then quantitatively mapped the mechanical properties of tumor spheroids in situ using Brillouin microscopy. Maps acquired for tumor spheroids grown within stiff hydrogels showed elevated Brillouin frequency shifts (hence increased longitudinal elastic moduli) with increasing hydrogel stiffness. Maps furthermore revealed spatial variations of the mechanical properties across the spheroids' cross-sections. When hydrogel degradability was blocked, comparable Brillouin frequency shifts of the MCF-7 spheroids were found in both compliant and stiff hydrogels, along with similar levels of growth-induced compressive stress. Under low compressive stress, single cells or free multicellular aggregates showed consistently lower Brillouin frequency shifts compared to spheroids growing within hydrogels. Thus, the spheroids' mechanical properties were modulated by matrix stiffness and degradability as well as multicellularity, and also to the associated level of compressive stress felt by tumor spheroids. Spheroids generated from a panel of invasive breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer cell lines within degradable stiff hydrogels, showed higher Brillouin frequency shifts and less cell invasion compared to those in compliant hydrogels. Taken together, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the interplay between cancer cells and microenvironment mechanics and degradability, which is relevant to better understand cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Mahajan
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), BIOTEC, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.M.); (T.B.); (P.G.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Timon Beck
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), BIOTEC, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.M.); (T.B.); (P.G.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Paulina Gregorczyk
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), BIOTEC, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.M.); (T.B.); (P.G.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - André Ruland
- Max Bergmann Center, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (A.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Simon Alberti
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), BIOTEC, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.M.); (T.B.); (P.G.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Carsten Werner
- Max Bergmann Center, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (A.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Raimund Schlüßler
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), BIOTEC, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.M.); (T.B.); (P.G.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Anna Verena Taubenberger
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), BIOTEC, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.M.); (T.B.); (P.G.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
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47
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Villalba-Orero M, Jiménez-Riobóo RJ, Gontán N, Sanderson D, López-Olañeta M, García-Pavía P, Desco M, Lara-Pezzi E, Gómez-Gaviro MV. Assessment of myocardial viscoelasticity with Brillouin spectroscopy in myocardial infarction and aortic stenosis models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21369. [PMID: 34725389 PMCID: PMC8560820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases are associated with changes in the biomechanical properties of the myocardial wall. However, there is no modality available to assess myocardial stiffness directly. Brillouin microspectroscopy (mBS) is a consolidated mechanical characterization technique, applied to the study of the viscoelastic and elastic behavior of biological samples and may be a valuable tool for assessing the viscoelastic properties of the cardiac tissue. In this work, viscosity and elasticity were assessed using mBS in heart samples obtained from healthy and unhealthy mice (n = 6 per group). Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) was performed to evaluate heart deformation. We found that mBS was able to detect changes in stiffness in the ventricles in healthy myocardium. The right ventricle showed reduced stiffness, in agreement with its increased compliance. mBS measurements correlated strongly with STE data, highlighting the association between displacement and stiffness in myocardial regions. This correlation was lost in pathological conditions studied. The scar region in the infarcted heart presented changes in stiffness when compared to the rest of the heart, and the hypertrophied left ventricle showed increased stiffness following aortic stenosis, compared to the right ventricle. We demonstrate that mBS can be applied to determine myocardial stiffness, that measurements correlate with functional parameters and that they change with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Villalba-Orero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael J Jiménez-Riobóo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Gontán
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanderson
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina López-Olañeta
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Victoria Gómez-Gaviro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
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48
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Taylor MA, Kijas AW, Wang Z, Lauko J, Rowan AE. Heterodyne Brillouin microscopy for biomechanical imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6259-6268. [PMID: 34745734 PMCID: PMC8548004 DOI: 10.1364/boe.435869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic variations in material stiffness play a vital role in cellular scale biomechanics, but are difficult to measure in a natural 3D environment. Brillouin microscopy is a promising technology for such applications, providing non-contact label-free measurement of longitudinal modulus at microscopic resolution. Here we develop heterodyne detection to measure Brillouin scattering signals in a confocal microscope setup, providing sensitive detection with excellent frequency resolution and robust operation in the presence of stray light. The functionality of the microscope is characterized and validated, and the imaging capability demonstrated by imaging structure within both a fibrin fiber network and live cells.
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49
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Adichtchev SV, Surovtsev NV. Temperature dependence of elastic properties of the phospholipid vesicles in aqueous suspension probed by Brillouin spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:495102. [PMID: 34521080 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous suspension of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) vesicles with different hydration levelsα(water-to-lipid mass ratio) have been studied by Brillouin spectroscopy in the temperature range from -190 °C to 70 °C. The samples with different hydration levels demonstrate similar temperature behavior of their sound velocity in the temperature range from -190 °C to -25 °C. There is a strong correlation between the hydration level of the sample and the character of the sound velocity temperature dependence at higher temperatures. Nevertheless, all hydrated samples demonstrate a jump in the sound velocity at the gel-fluid phase transition temperature. The amplitude of this jump depends on the hydration levelαof the sample. It has a maximum value in the sample with minimalαnecessary for the phospholipid membrane's full hydration. To evaluate the sound velocity in the phospholipid membrane, we applied the two-component model to analyze the experimental data obtained in the sample withα= 0.25 (close to the minimal necessary value for the full DPPC membrane hydration). It was found that for temperatures higher than 0 °C, the two-component model works well if we consider that sound velocity in water between vesicle layers is approximately a factor of two higher than in bulk water.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Adichtchev
- Institute Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - N V Surovtsev
- Institute Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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50
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Jannasch A, Rix J, Welzel C, Schackert G, Kirsch M, König U, Koch E, Matschke K, Tugtekin SM, Dittfeld C, Galli R. Brillouin confocal microscopy to determine biomechanical properties of SULEEI-treated bovine pericardium for application in cardiac surgery. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 79:179-192. [PMID: 34487036 DOI: 10.3233/ch-219119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart valves are exposed to a highly dynamic environment and underlie high tensile and shear forces during opening and closing. Therefore, analysis of mechanical performance of novel heart valve bioprostheses materials, like SULEEI-treated bovine pericardium, is essential and usually carried out by uniaxial tensile tests. Nevertheless, major drawbacks are the unidirectional strain, which does not reflect the in vivo condition and the deformation of the sample material. An alternative approach for measurement of biomechanical properties is offered by Brillouin confocal microscopy (BCM), a novel, non-invasive and three-dimensional method based on the interaction of light with acoustic waves. OBJECTIVE BCM is a powerful tool to determine viscoelastic tissue properties and is, for the first time, applied to characterize novel biological graft materials, such as SULEEI-treated bovine pericardium. Therefore, the method has to be validated as a non-invasive alternative to conventional uniaxial tensile tests. METHODS Vibratome sections of SULEEI-treated bovine pericardium (decellularized, riboflavin/UV-cross-linked and low-energy electron irradiated) as well as native and GA-fixed controls (n = 3) were analyzed by BCM. In addition, uniaxial tensile tests were performed on equivalent tissue samples and Young's modulus as well as length of toe region were analyzed from stress-strain diagrams. The structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM), especially collagen and elastin, was investigated by multiphoton microscopy (MPM). RESULTS SULEEI-treated pericardium exhibited a significantly higher Brillouin shift and hence higher tissue stiffness in comparison to native and GA-fixed controls (native: 5.6±0.2 GHz; GA: 5.5±0.1 GHz; SULEEI: 6.3±0.1 GHz; n = 3, p < 0.0001). Similarly, a significantly higher Young's modulus was detected in SULEEI-treated pericardia in comparison to native tissue (native: 30.0±10.4 MPa; GA: 31.8±10.7 MPa; SULEEI: 42.1±7.0 MPa; n = 3, p = 0.027). Native pericardia showed wavy and non-directional collagen fibers as well as thin, linear elastin fibers generating a loose matrix. The fibers of GA-fixed and SULEEI-treated pericardium were aligned in one direction, whereat the SULEEI-sample exhibited a much denser matrix. CONCLUSION BCM is an innovative and non-invasive method to analyze elastic properties of novel pericardial graft materials with special mechanical requirements, like heart valve bioprostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Jannasch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Rix
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cindy Welzel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Asklepios Kliniken Schildautal, Seesen, Germany
| | - Ulla König
- Department of Medical and Biotechnological Applications, Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Matschke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sems Malte Tugtekin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Dittfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberta Galli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Technology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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