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Qiang H, Liu Z, Yin X, Guo Z, Duan Y, Liu W, Yue X, Zhou A. Efficient phosphate and hydrogen recovery from sludge fermentation liquid by sacrificial iron anode in electro-fermentation system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121110. [PMID: 38733846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Electro-fermentation (EF) has been extensively studied for recovering hydrogen and phosphorus from waste activated sludge (WAS), while was limited for the further application due to the low hydrogen yield and phosphorus recovery efficiency. This study proposed an efficient strategy for hydrogen and vivianite recovery from the simulated sludge fermentation liquid by sacrificial iron anode in EF. The optimum hydrogen productivity and the utilization efficiency of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) reached 45.2 mmol/g COD and 77.6% at 5 d in pH 8. Phosphate removal efficiency achieved at 90.8% at 2 d and the high crystallinity and weight percentage of vivianite (84.8%) was obtained. The functional microbes, i.e., anaerobic fermentative bacteria, electrochemical active bacteria, homo-acetogens and iron-reducing bacteria were highly enriched and the inherent interaction between the microbial consortia and environmental variables was thoroughly explored. This work may provide a theoretical basis for energy/resource recovery from WAS in the further implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Qiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zhengtong Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yanqing Duan
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, 030800, China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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2
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Uhlemann JPR, Oude Lansink A, Leahy JJ, Dalhaus T. Do investments in phosphorus recovery from dairy processing wastewater pay off? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120606. [PMID: 38583387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
While phosphorus fertilizers contribute to food security, part of the introduced phosphorus dissipates into water bodies leading to eutrophication. At the same time, conventional mineral phosphorus sources are increasingly scarce. Therefore, closing phosphorus cycles reduces pollution while decreasing trade dependence and increasing food security. A major part of the phosphorus loss occurs during food processing. In this article, we combine a systematic literature review with investment and efficiency analysis to investigate the financial feasibility of recovering phosphorus from dairy processing wastewater. This wastewater is particularly rich in phosphorus, but while recovery technologies are readily available, they are rarely adopted. We calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of investing in phosphorus recycling technology for a representative European dairy processing company producing 100,000 tonnes of milk per year. We develop sensitivity scenarios and adjust the parameters accordingly. Applying struvite precipitation, the NPV can be positive in two scenarios. First, if the phosphorus price is high (1.51 million EUR) or second if phosphorus recovery is a substitute for mandatory waste disposal (1.48 million EUR). However, for a variety of methodological specifications, the NPV is negative, mainly because of high input costs for chemicals and energy. These trade-offs between off-setting pollution and reducing energy consumption imply, that policy makers and investors should consider the energy source for phosphorus recovery carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philip R Uhlemann
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Alfons Oude Lansink
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - James J Leahy
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tobias Dalhaus
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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3
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Vučić V, Harms H, Müller S. Biological recovery of phosphorus (BioP-Rec) from wastewater streams using brewer's yeast on pilot-scale. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:e2300208. [PMID: 38323269 PMCID: PMC10842340 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Most recent advances for phosphorus (P) recovery using brewery yeast on laboratory scale were used to scale up to a pilot-scale process (BioP-Rec module) and applied in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A P balance was established for WWTP Markranstädt according to two thresholds: (1) the economic feasibility threshold for P recovery of 0.05 kg/m3 of free P, and (2) the German Sewage Sludge Ordinance (GSSO) threshold, which demands that all WWTPs with a P content in dry matter (DM) of biosolids of 20 gP/kgDM or higher in the coming years must perform mandatory P recovery. In terms of defined thresholds, return and excess sludges were identified as the most feasible WWTP process streams for P recovery. In a 1 m3 BioP-Rec module a 3 stage process was established. From the P-rich water-phase of the return sludge produced in stage 1, which contained 0.051 kg/m3 of free P, 77.56% was taken up by P-depleted brewer's yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus in 3 h in stage 2. In stage 3, the yeast was concentrated in 1 h to produce yeast sludge as a fertilizer product. We demonstrated a novel pilot-scale process for the production of bio-based P-rich fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Vučić
- Department of Environmental Microbiology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | - Hauke Harms
- Department of Environmental Microbiology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | - Susann Müller
- Department of Environmental Microbiology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig Germany
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4
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Hutchison JM, Hussein FB, Mayer BK. Evaluating Sustainable Development Pathways for Protein- and Peptide-Based Bioadsorbents for Phosphorus Recovery from Wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16317-16326. [PMID: 37856833 PMCID: PMC10620995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Recovering phosphate (P) from point sources such as wastewater effluent is a priority in order to alleviate the impacts of eutrophication and implement a circular economy for an increasingly limited resource. Bioadsorbents featuring P-binding proteins and peptides offer exquisite P specificity and sensitivity for achieving ultralow P concentrations, i.e., <100 μg P L-1, a discharge limit that has been implemented in at least one treatment facility in nine U.S. states. To prioritize research objectives for P recovery in wastewater treatment, we compared the financial and environmental sustainability of protein/peptide bioadsorbents to those of LayneRT anion exchange resin. The baseline scenario (reflecting lab-demonstrated performance at a full-scale implementation) had costs that were 3 orders of magnitude higher than those for typical wastewater treatment. However, scenarios exploring bioadsorbent improvements, including increasing the P-binding capacity per unit volume by using smaller P-selective peptides and nanoparticle base materials and implementing reuse, dramatically decreased median impacts to $1.06 m-3 and 0.001 kg CO2 equiv m-3; these values are in line with current wastewater treatment impacts and lower than the median LayneRT impacts of $4.04 m-3 and 0.19 kg CO2 equiv m-3. While the financial viability of capturing low P concentrations is a challenge, incorporating the externalities of environmental impacts may provide a feasible path forward to motivate ultralow P capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Hutchison
- Department
of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Faten B. Hussein
- Department
of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Brooke K. Mayer
- Department
of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
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5
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Martín-Hernández E, Montero-Rueda C, Ruiz-Mercado GJ, Vaneeckhaute C, Martín M. Multi-scale techno-economic assessment of nitrogen recovery systems for livestock operations. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION 2023; 41:49-63. [PMID: 37986715 PMCID: PMC10659086 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2023.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Intensive livestock farming generates vast amounts of organic materials, which are an important source of nitrogen releases. These anthropogenic nitrogen releases contribute to multiple environmental problems, including eutrophication of water systems, contamination of drinking water sources, and greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrogen recovery and recycling are technically feasible, and there exists a number of processes for nitrogen recovery from livestock material in the form of different products. In this work, a multi-scale techno-economic assessment of techniques for nitrogen recovery and recycling is performed. The assessment includes a material flow analysis of each process, from material collection to final treatment, to determine nitrogen recovery efficiency, losses, and recovery cost, as well as an environmental cost-benefit analysis to compare the nitrogen recovery cost versus the economic losses derived from its uncontrolled release into the environment. The results show that transmembrane chemisorption process results in the lowest recovery cost, 3.4-10.4 USD per kilogram of nitrogen recovered in the range of studied processing scales. The recovery of nitrogen from livestock material through three technologies, i.e., transmembrane chemisorption, MAPHEX, and stripping in packed bed, reveales to be cost-effective. Since the economic losses due to the harmful effects of nitrogen into the environment are estimated at 32-35 USD per kilogram of nitrogen released, nitrogen recycling is an environmentally and economically beneficial approach to reduce nutrient pollution caused by livestock operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Martín-Hernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plza. Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- BioEngine - Research Team on Green Process Engineering and Biorefineries, Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, 1065 Ave. de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CentrEau, Centre de recherche sur l’eau, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Clara Montero-Rueda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plza. Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gerardo J. Ruiz-Mercado
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response (CESER), US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 080007, Colombia
| | - Céline Vaneeckhaute
- BioEngine - Research Team on Green Process Engineering and Biorefineries, Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, 1065 Ave. de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CentrEau, Centre de recherche sur l’eau, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mariano Martín
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plza. Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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6
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Riewklang K, Polprasert C, Nakason K, Polprasert S, Kwonpongsagoon S, Mahasandana S, Panyapinyopol B. Enhancing chemical phosphorus precipitation from tapioca starch anaerobic digestion effluent in a modified pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116277. [PMID: 37263468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of P precipitation as struvite from real anaerobic digestion (AD) effluent of tapioca starch processing. The results showed that at a pH of 9, and without Mg:P molar adjustment, P recovery was at 85%. The percentage of P recovery was increased to 90% and P contained in precipitates was at 11.80-14.70 wt% P, which is higher than commercial single superphosphate fertilizer (SSP, 18-22 wt% P2O5). This was achieved by controlling mixing at 200-400 rpm and upflow velocity at 50-200 cm min-1 inside a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Based on SEM-EDX, powder XRD, phase identification by profile matching, and FT-IR analysis, the results demonstrated that recovered precipitates formed struvite predominantly. In addition, results of the woodchip ash additions and the one-way ANOVA based-RSM analysis revealed that mixing, the solution pH, and the woodchip ash intensely affected P recovery with the optimum condition found at 400 rpm, pH9, 4 g L-1, respectively. Ash addition enhanced P recovery efficiency but decreased the product's purity. Total costs of P recovery varied considerably from 0.28 to 7.82 USD∙(kg P)-1 depending on chemical consumption and %P content in recovered products. Moreover, the total cost was reduced by 57% from 7.82 USD∙(kg P)-1 (profit margin: -4.30 to -2.82) by a single mixing operation to 3.35 USD∙(kg P)-1 (profit margin: +0.17 to +1.65) employing coupling effect of mixing and Vup. The results indicate that P recovery from tapioca starch AD effluent not only provides a good-quality alternative slow-release P fertilizer, but also helps to curtail environmental problems due to excessive P and nitrogen discharge. These findings also demonstrate the ways of recovering nutrients from an abundant renewable resource that are relevant to simultaneous waste utilization during pollution controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriangsak Riewklang
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Chongchin Polprasert
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kamonwat Nakason
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Supawadee Polprasert
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Suphaphat Kwonpongsagoon
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Suwisa Mahasandana
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Bunyarit Panyapinyopol
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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7
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Bahgat NT, Wilfert P, Korving L, van Loosdrecht M. Integrated resource recovery from aerobic granular sludge plants. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 234:119819. [PMID: 36889090 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the combined phosphorus, nitrogen, methane, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) recovery from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) wastewater treatment plants. About 30% of sludge organics are recovered as EPS and 25-30% as methane (≈260 ml methane/g VS) by integrating alkaline anaerobic digestion (AD). It was shown that 20% of excess sludge total phosphorus (TP) ends in the EPS. Further, 20-30% ends in an acidic liquid waste stream (≈600 mg PO4-P/L), and 15% in the AD centrate (≈800 mg PO4-P/L) as ortho-phosphates in both streams and is recoverable via chemical precipitation. 30% of sludge total nitrogen (TN) is recovered as organic nitrogen in the EPS. Ammonium recovery from the alkaline high-temperature liquid stream is attractive, but it is not feasible for existing large-scale technologies because of low ammonium concentration. However, ammonium concentration in the AD centrate was calculated to be 2600 mg NH4-N/L and ≈20% of TN, making it feasible for recovery. The methodology used in this study consisted of three main steps. The first step was to develop a laboratory protocol mimicking demonstration-scale EPS extraction conditions. The second step was to establish mass balances over the EPS extraction process on laboratory and demonstration scales within a full-scale AGS WWTP. Finally, the feasibility of resource recovery was evaluated based on concentrations, loads, and integration of existing technologies for resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran T Bahgat
- Wetsus, European Centre Of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 7, 8911, MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Dept. Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Philipp Wilfert
- Dept. Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Leon Korving
- Wetsus, European Centre Of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 7, 8911, MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Mark van Loosdrecht
- Dept. Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
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Bare WFR, Struhs E, Mirkouei A, Overturf K, Small B. Engineered Biomaterials for Reducing Phosphorus and Nitrogen Levels from Downstream Water of Aquaculture Facilities. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11041029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States (U.S.) has a nearly USD 17 billion seafood trade deficit annually. However, the U.S. aquaculture industry faces strict micronutrient (e.g., phosphorus and nitrogen) level mandates that negatively impact fish production, especially for the state of Idaho, which produces 70–75% of the nation’s rainbow trout. This study investigates the sustainability benefits of producing engineered biomaterials from lignocellulosic-based feedstocks near collection sites via portable biorefineries for use by fish farms to reduce eutrophication (oversupply of micronutrients) impacts. In this study, sustainability assessments are performed on a case study in southern Idaho, the largest U.S. commercial producer of rainbow trout. The results show that 20 and 60 min of water treatment, using small particle size biomaterial from lodgepole pine, has the highest total phosphorus removal rate, at 150–180 g of phosphorus per 1 metric ton of engineered biomaterials. The results of techno-economic and environmental impacts studies indicate that pinewood-based biomaterials production cost ranges from USD 213 USD 242 per ton and reduces the eutrophication potential by 5–17 kg PO4eq/ton. Additionally, the environmental impact results show that the total greenhouse gas emission for biomaterial production is 47–54 kg CO2eq/ton; however, the used biomaterials after water treatment can be sold for around USD 850 per ton as nutrient-rich soil conditioners. This study concluded that engineered biomaterials from lignocellulosic-based feedstocks could be a sustainable solution to the challenge that aquaculture faces, particularly capturing micronutrients from eutrophic water and reusing them as fertilizers.
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9
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Sniatala B, Kurniawan TA, Sobotka D, Makinia J, Othman MHD. Macro-nutrients recovery from liquid waste as a sustainable resource for production of recovered mineral fertilizer: Uncovering alternative options to sustain global food security cost-effectively. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159283. [PMID: 36208738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global food security, which has emerged as one of the sustainability challenges, impacts every country. As food cannot be generated without involving nutrients, research has intensified recently to recover unused nutrients from waste streams. As a finite resource, phosphorus (P) is largely wasted. This work critically reviews the technical applicability of various water technologies to recover macro-nutrients such as P, N, and K from wastewater. Struvite precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane filtration are applied for nutrient recovery. Technological strengths and drawbacks in their applications are evaluated and compared. Their operational conditions such as pH, dose required, initial nutrient concentration, and treatment performance are presented. Cost-effectiveness of the technologies for P or N recovery is also elaborated. It is evident from a literature survey of 310 published studies (1985-2022) that no single technique can effectively and universally recover target macro-nutrients from liquid waste. Struvite precipitation is commonly used to recover over 95 % of P from sludge digestate with its concentration ranging from 200 to 4000 mg/L. The recovered precipitate can be reused as a fertilizer due to its high content of P and N. Phosphate removal of higher than 80 % can be achieved by struvite precipitation when the molar ratio of Mg2+/PO43- ranges between 1.1 and 1.3. The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to collect data on critical parameters control optimization, improve treatment effectiveness, and facilitate water utilities to upscale water treatment plants. Such infrastructure in the plants could enable the recovered materials to be reused to sustain food security. As nutrient recovery is crucial in wastewater treatment, water treatment plant operators need to consider (1) the costs of nutrient recovery techniques; (2) their applicability; (3) their benefits and implications. It is essential to note that the treatment cost of P and/or N-laden wastewater depends on the process applied and local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Sniatala
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Dominika Sobotka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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10
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Zhang B, Tian S, Wu D. Phosphorus harvesting from fresh human urine: A strategy of precisely recovering high-purity calcium phosphate and insights into the precipitation conversion mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 227:119325. [PMID: 36371917 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) harvesting from source-separated urine to optimize the overall nutrient loop is one of the most appealing benefits and is a global research interest in wastewater management and treatment. However, current P precipitation is mainly oriented to struvite, which is limited by the issues such as relatively low product purity and high cost of Mg source. Distinguished from previous conventional struvite precipitation, the strategy of precisely harvesting P from fresh human urine as high-purity calcium phosphate was first proposed in this study. This enhanced strategy can optimize P harvesting performance and product purity by simply regulating the consumption of calcium-based materials via model simulation and experimental validation. The thermodynamic model was constructed to probe the precipitation conversion mechanism, and visually predict the component and yield for products under various operating conditions. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate P recovery performance as a function of initial Mg2+ concentration, initial pH level, as well as degree of urine hydrolysis. Moreover, the alternative dosing scheme with different calcium salts and alkali was presented, diversifying the options for efficient P recovery. The results showed that, from the perspective of acidic storage for fresh urine, P recovery can be boosted along with eliminating urine hydrolysis. In urine with an initial pH=2.0, P can be completely recovered and purity for calcium phosphate can be optimized to 100% within a Ca/P ratio range of 1.67-2.3. Overall, this work is of great significance for precisely and efficiently harvesting P from urine and provides an integrated strategy for P resource recovery from urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shiyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Deli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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11
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Cao X, Zhao D, Li C, Röttjers L, Faust K, Zhang H. Regime transition Shapes the Composition, Assembly Processes, and Co-occurrence Pattern of Bacterioplankton Community in a Large Eutrophic Freshwater Lake. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:336-350. [PMID: 34585289 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
At certain nutrient concentrations, shallow freshwater lakes are generally characterized by two contrasting ecological regimes with disparate patterns of biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles: a macrophyte-dominated regime (MDR) and a phytoplankton-dominated regime (PDR). To reveal ecological mechanisms that affect bacterioplankton along the regime shift, Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene combined with a novel network clustering tool (Manta) were used to identify patterns of bacterioplankton community composition across the regime shift in Taihu Lake, China. Marked divergence in the composition and ecological assembly processes of bacterioplankton community was observed under the regime shift. The alpha diversity of the bacterioplankton community consistently and continuously decreased with the regime shift from MDR to PDR, while the beta diversity presents differently. Moreover, as the regime shifted from MDR to PDR, the contribution of deterministic processes (such as environmental selection) to the assembly of bacterioplankton community initially decreased and then increased again as regime shift from MDR to PDR, most likely as a consequence of differences in nutrient concentration. The topological properties, including modularity, transitivity and network diameter, of the bacterioplankton co-occurrence networks changed along the regime shift, and the co-occurrences among species changed in structure and were significantly shaped by the environmental variables along the regime transition from MDR to PDR. The divergent environmental state of the regimes with diverse nutritional status may be the most important factor that contributes to the dissimilarity of bacterioplankton community composition along the regime shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology (Rega Institute), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dayong Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Röttjers
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology (Rega Institute), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karoline Faust
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology (Rega Institute), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Achilleos P, Roberts K, Williams I. STRUVITE PRECIPITATION WITHIN WASTEWATER TREATMENT: A PROBLEM OR A CIRCULAR ECONOMY OPPORTUNITY? Heliyon 2022; 8:e09862. [PMID: 35874052 PMCID: PMC9304724 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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13
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Lucero-Sorbazo D, Beltrán-Villavicencio M, González-Aragón A, Vázquez-Morillas A. Recycling of nutrients from landfill leachate: A case study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09540. [PMID: 35663733 PMCID: PMC9156885 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous increase in the consumption of natural resources requires different solutions directed to the recovery and recycling of different materials and products, including the nutrients used as fertilizers for food production. In this context, this research assessed the feasibility of using landfill leachate as a source of nutrients for the growth of maize. Leachate was treated to precipitate struvite, a rich magnesium, phosphate, and ammonium mineral that can be applied directly as fertilizer. It was used for the growth of maize, which was sowed in three different parcels. A commercial DAP + urea mixture was used to compare, and non-fertilized parcels were used as controls. Struvite was successfully obtained and applied in the fields. A marginal higher maize yield was achieved in two sites when using struvite (6.36% and 2.16%) compared to the commercial fertilizer, even if it was applied in a lower dose to weather conditions. An increase in N and Mg in soil could be observed, which allowed for the assimilation of nutrients in the plants. Concerning safety, the use of struvite did not produce the transfer of heavy metals or pathogens to the soil or plants. This research shows a promising way of dealing with leachate, which could be attractive in countries where organic waste is buried in landfills. Landfill leachate can be used as a source of nutrients for the grow of maize by precipitation of struvite. A field trial in real scale was performed. A marginal higher maize yield was achieved in two of the sites (6.36% and 2.16%) when compared to the commercial fertilizer. Struvite did not cause presence of pathogens or heavy metals in the crops. It offers an alternative to conventional leachate treatment options, aligned with the principles of the circular economy.
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Witek-Krowiak A, Gorazda K, Szopa D, Trzaska K, Moustakas K, Chojnacka K. Phosphorus recovery from wastewater and bio-based waste: an overview. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13474-13506. [PMID: 36700471 PMCID: PMC9275867 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2077894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the most important macronutrients needed for the growth of plants. The fertilizer production market uses 80% of natural, non-renewable phosphorus resources in the form of phosphate rock. The depletion of those deposits forces a search for other alternatives, including biological waste. This review aims to indicate the most important ways to recover phosphorus from biowaste, with particular emphasis on wastewater, sewage sludge, manure, slaughter or food waste. A comparison of utilized methods and directions for future research based on the latest research is presented. Combining biological, chemical, and physical methods with thermal treatment appears to be the most effective way for the treatment of wastewater sludge in terms of phosphorus recovery. Hydrothermal, thermochemical, and adsorption on thermally treated adsorbents are characterized by a high phosphorus recovery rate (over 95%). For animal by-products and other biological waste, chemical methods seems to be the most optimal solution with a recovery rate over 96%. Due to its large volume and relatively low phosphorus content, wastewater is a resource that requires additional treatment to recover the highest possible amount of phosphorus. Pretreatment of wastewater with combined methods seems to be a possible way to improve phosphorus recovery. A compressive evaluation of combined methods is crucial for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gorazda
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Daniel Szopa
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland,CONTACT Daniel Szopa Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, Wrocław50-372, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Trzaska
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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Techno-Economic Analysis of Scenarios on Energy and Phosphorus Recovery from Mono- and Co-Combustion of Municipal Sewage Sludge. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of energy and phosphorus (P) fertilizer (PF) recovery from municipal sewage sludge (MSS) through incineration in new combustion plants. We evaluated the economic impact of five critical process design choices: (1) boiler type, (2) fuel (MSS mono-combustion/co-combustion with wheat straw), (3) production scale (10/100 MW), (4) products (heat, electricity, PF), and (5) ash destination. Aspen Plus modeling provided mass and energy balances of each technology scenario. The economic feasibility was evaluated by calculating the minimum selling price of the products, as well as the MSS gate fees required to reach profitability. The dependency on key boundary conditions (operating time, market prices, policy support) was also evaluated. The results showed a significant dependency on both energy and fertilizer market prices and on financial support in the form of an MSS gate fee. Heat was preferred over combined heat and power (CHP), which was feasible only on the largest scale (100 MW) at maximum annual operating time (8000 h/y). Co-combustion showed lower heat recovery cost (19–30 €/MWh) than mono-combustion (29–66 €/MWh) due to 25–35% lower energy demand and 17–25% higher fuel heating value. Co-combustion also showed promising performance for P recovery, as PF could be recovered without ash post-treatment and sold at a competitive price, and co-combustion could be applicable also in smaller cities. When implementing ash post-treatment, the final cost of ash-based PF was more than four times the price of commercial PF. In conclusion, investment in a new combustion plant for MSS treatment appears conditional to gate fees unless the boundary conditions would change significantly.
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Berthold M, Campbell DA. Restoration, conservation and phytoplankton hysteresis. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab062. [PMID: 34394942 PMCID: PMC8361504 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton growth depends not only upon external factors that are not strongly altered by the presence of phytoplankton, such as temperature, but also upon factors that are strongly influenced by activity of phytoplankton, including photosynthetically active radiation, and the availability of the macronutrients carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and, for some, silicate. Since phytoplankton therefore modify, and to an extent create, their own habitats, established phytoplankton communities can show resistance and resilience to change, including managed changes in nutrient regimes. Phytoplankton blooms and community structures can be predicted from the overall biogeochemical setting and inputs, but restorations may be influenced by the physiological responses of established phytoplankton taxa to nutrient inputs, temperature, second-order changes in illumination and nutrient recycling. In this review we discuss the contributions of phytoplankton ecophysiology to biogeochemical hysteresis and possible effects on community composition in the face of management, conservation or remediation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Berthold
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1C9, Canada
| | - Douglas A Campbell
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1C9, Canada
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17
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Kurniawan TA, Singh D, Avtar R, Othman MHD, Hwang GH, Albadarin AB, Rezakazemi M, Setiadi T, Shirazian S. Resource recovery from landfill leachate: An experimental investigation and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129986. [PMID: 33979934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the performances of coconut shell waste-based activated carbon (CSWAC) adsorption in batch studies for removal of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and refractory pollutants (as indicated by decreasing COD concentration) from landfill leachate. To valorize unused resources, coconut shell, recovered and recycled from agricultural waste, was converted into activated carbon, which can be used for leachate treatment. The ozonation of the CSWAC was conducted to enhance its removal performance for target pollutants. The adsorption mechanisms of refractory pollutants by the adsorbent are proposed. Perspectives on nutrient recovery technologies from landfill leachate from the view-points of downstream processing are presented. Their removal efficiencies for both recalcitrant compounds and ammoniacal nitrogen were compared to those of other techniques reported in previous work. It is found that the ozonated CSWAC substantially removed COD (i.e. 76%) as well as NH3-N (i.e. 75%), as compared to the CSWAC without pretreatment (i.e. COD: 44%; NH3-N: 51%) with NH3-N and COD concentrations of 2750 and 8500 mg/L, respectively. This reveals the need of ozonation for the adsorbent to improve its performance for the removal of COD and NH3-N at optimized reactions: 30 g/L of CSWAC, pH 8, 200 rpm of shaking speed and 20 min of reaction time. Nevertheless, treatment of the leachate samples using the ozonated CSWAC alone was still unable to result in treated effluents that could meet the COD and NH3-N discharge standards below 200 and 5 mg/L, respectively, set by legislative requirements. This reveals that another treatment is necessary to be undertaken to comply with the requirement of their effluent limit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepak Singh
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ram Avtar
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Goh Hui Hwang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Ahmad B Albadarin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Tjandra Setiadi
- Center for Environmental Studies, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Saeed Shirazian
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
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18
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Kurniawan TA, Singh D, Xue W, Avtar R, Othman MHD, Hwang GH, Setiadi T, Albadarin AB, Shirazian S. Resource recovery toward sustainability through nutrient removal from landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112265. [PMID: 33730674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of integrated ammonium stripping and/or coconut shell waste-based activated carbon (CSWAC) adsorption in treating leachate samples. To valorize unused biomass for water treatment application, the adsorbent originated from coconut shell waste. To enhance its performance for target pollutants, the adsorbent was pretreated with ozone and NaOH. The effects of pH, temperature, and airflow rate on the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and refractory pollutants were studied during stripping alone. The removal performances of refractory compounds in this study were compared to those of other treatments previously reported. To contribute new knowledge to the field of study, perspectives on nutrients removal and recovery like phosphorus and nitrogen are presented. It was found that the ammonium stripping and adsorption treatment using the ozonated CSWAC attained an almost complete removal (99%) of NH3-N and 90% of COD with initial NH3-N and COD concentrations of 2500 mg/L and 20,000 mg/L, respectively, at optimized conditions. With the COD of treated effluents higher than 200 mg/L, the combined treatments were not satisfactory enough to remove target refractory compounds. Therefore, further biological processes are required to complete their biodegradation to meet the effluent limit set by environmental legislation. As this work has contributed to resource recovery as the driving force of landfill management, it is important to note the investment and operational expenses, engineering applicability of the technologies, and their environmental concerns and benefits. If properly managed, nutrient recovery from waste streams offers environmental and socio-economic benefits that would improve public health and create jobs for the local community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University (XMU), Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, PR China; Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change, School of Environment, Resources, and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, PO Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Deepak Singh
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
| | - Wenchao Xue
- Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change, School of Environment, Resources, and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, PO Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ram Avtar
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Goh Hui Hwang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Tjandra Setiadi
- Center for Environmental Studies, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad B Albadarin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Saeed Shirazian
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, South Ural State University, 76 Lenin prospekt, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
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19
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Vinardell S, Astals S, Koch K, Mata-Alvarez J, Dosta J. Co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste in a wastewater treatment plant based on mainstream anaerobic membrane bioreactor technology: A techno-economic evaluation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124978. [PMID: 33770732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of anaerobic membrane bioreactor as mainstream technology would reduce the load of sidestream anaerobic digesters. This research evaluated the techno-economic implications of co-digesting sewage sludge and food waste in such wastewater treatment plants to optimise the usage of the sludge line infrastructure. Three organic loading rates (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg VS m-3 d-1) and different strategies to manage the additional nutrients backload were considered. Results showed that the higher electricity revenue from co-digesting food waste offsets the additional costs of food waste acceptance infrastructure and biosolids disposal. However, the higher electricity revenue did not offset the additional costs when the nutrients backload was treated in the sidestream (partial-nitritation/anammox and struvite precipitation). Biosolids disposal was identified as the most important gross cost contributor in all the scenarios. Finally, a sensitivity analysis showed that food waste gate fee had a noticeable influence on co-digestion economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Vinardell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Joan Mata-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Dosta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Fu D, Kurniawan TA, Avtar R, Xu P, Othman MHD. Recovering heavy metals from electroplating wastewater and their conversion into Zn 2Cr-layered double hydroxide (LDH) for pyrophosphate removal from industrial wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129861. [PMID: 33736203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work incorporated technological values into Zn2Cr-layered double hydroxide (LDH), synthesized from unused resources, for removal of pyrophosphate (PP) in electroplating wastewater. To adopt a resource recovery for the remediation of the aquatic environment, the Zn2Cr-LDH was fabricated by co-precipitation from concentrated metals of plating waste that remained as industrial by-products from metal finishing processes. To examine its applicability for water treatment, batch experiments were conducted at optimum M2+/M3+, pH, reaction time, and temperature. To understand the adsorption mechanisms of the PP by the adsorbent, the Zn2Cr-LDH was characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses before and after adsorption treatment. An almost complete PP removal was attained by the Zn2Cr-LDH at optimized conditions: 50 mg/L of PP, 1 g/L of adsorbent, pH 6, and 6 h of reaction. Ion exchange controlled the PP removal by the adsorbent at acidic conditions. The PP removal well fitted a pseudo-second-order kinetics and/or the Langmuir isotherm model with 79 mg/g of PP adsorption capacity. The spent Zn2Cr-LDH was regenerated with NaOH with 86% of efficiency for the first cycle. The treated effluents could comply with the discharge limit of <1 mg/L. Overall, the use of the Zn2Cr-LDH as a low-cost adsorbent for wastewater treatment has contributed to national policy that promotes a zero-waste approach for a circular economy (CE) through a resource recovery paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Mine Water Resource Utilization of Anhui Higher Education Institute, School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, Anhui, PR China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian province, PR China; China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia.
| | - Ram Avtar
- Faculty of Environment Earth Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Pan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mine Water Resource Utilization of Anhui Higher Education Institute, School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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21
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Zhang C, Tan X, Yang X, Wu F, Liu X. Acid treatment enhances phosphorus release and recovery from waste activated sludge: Performances and related mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142947. [PMID: 33498111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge (WAS) has attracted considerable attention as an excellent material for P recovery from sewage. This study took concentrated phosphorus removal sludge as objective, and aimed at providing an effective route to promote the transformation of polyphosphate in sludge pellets to dissolved phosphate. After acid pH adjustment, total dissolved phosphate at pH 3.0 was 37.3-fold higher than that at natural pH. The P distribution results illustrated that acid pH accelerated the degradation of short chain polyphosphate into orthophosphate. Furthermore, cell staining results confirmed that the polyphosphate was sourced from the leakage of intracellular matters. Low field NMR and rheology properties analysis were adopted to illustrate that acid pH treatment further improved WAS dewatering performances. Accompanied with the reduction of heavy metals in WAS pellets, the acid pH treatment was also beneficial for WAS subsequent treatment or final disposal. Lastly, Fe3+ addition was proposed as favorable P recovery method, and spherical nanometric materials of FePO4 crystal was obtained accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., LTD., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuejun Tan
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., LTD., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., LTD., Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Fengjie Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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22
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Munasinghe-Arachchige S, Abeysiriwardana-Arachchige I, Delanka-Pedige H, Nirmalakhandan N. Algal pathway for nutrient recovery from urban sewage. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Perera MK, Englehardt JD, Cohn JL, Dauer EA, Shukla D. Electrohydromodulation for phosphate recovery from wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Carss DN, Brito AC, Chainho P, Ciutat A, de Montaudouin X, Fernández Otero RM, Filgueira MI, Garbutt A, Goedknegt MA, Lynch SA, Mahony KE, Maire O, Malham SK, Orvain F, van der Schatte Olivier A, Jones L. Ecosystem services provided by a non-cultured shellfish species: The common cockle Cerastoderma edule. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 158:104931. [PMID: 32501263 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal habitats provide many important ecosystem services. The substantial role of shellfish in delivering ecosystem services is increasingly recognised, usually with a focus on cultured species, but wild-harvested bivalve species have largely been ignored. This study aimed to collate evidence and data to demonstrate the substantial role played by Europe's main wild-harvested bivalve species, the common cockle Cerastoderma edule, and to assess the ecosystem services that cockles provide. Data and information are synthesised from five countries along the Atlantic European coast with a long history of cockle fisheries. The cockle helps to modify habitat and support biodiversity, and plays a key role in the supporting services on which many of the other services depend. As well as providing food for people, cockles remove nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon from the marine environment, and have a strong cultural influence in these countries along the Atlantic coast. Preliminary economic valuation of some of these services in a European context is provided, and key knowledge gaps identified. It is concluded that the cockle has the potential to become (i) an important focus of conservation and improved sustainable management practices in coastal areas and communities, and (ii) a suitable model species to study the integration of cultural ecosystem services within the broader application of 'ecosystem services'.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Carss
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom.
| | - Ana C Brito
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Chainho
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Xavier de Montaudouin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC, Station Marine d'Arcachon, 2 Rue du Professeur Jolyet, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Rosa M Fernández Otero
- Centro Tecnológico del Mar, Fundación CETMAR, Avda. Eduardo Cabello s/n, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Angus Garbutt
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bangor, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - M Anouk Goedknegt
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC, Station Marine d'Arcachon, 2 Rue du Professeur Jolyet, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Sharon A Lynch
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre (AFDC), Environmental Research Institute (ERI), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Kate E Mahony
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre (AFDC), Environmental Research Institute (ERI), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivier Maire
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC, Station Marine d'Arcachon, 2 Rue du Professeur Jolyet, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Shelagh K Malham
- Bangor University School of Ocean Sciences, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Orvain
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UCN, MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UA, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen cedex, France
| | | | - Laurence Jones
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bangor, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
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Suyamud B, Ferrier J, Csetenyi L, Inthorn D, Gadd GM. Biotransformation of struvite by Aspergillus niger: phosphate release and magnesium biomineralization as glushinskite. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:1588-1602. [PMID: 32079035 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate-MgNH4 PO4 ·6H2 O), which can extensively crystallize in wastewater treatments, is a potential source of N and P as fertilizer, as well as a means of P conservation. However, little is known of microbial interactions with struvite which would result in element release. In this work, the geoactive fungus Aspergillus niger was investigated for struvite transformation on solid and in liquid media. Aspergillus niger was capable of solubilizing natural (fragments and powder) and synthetic struvite when incorporated into solid medium, with accompanying acidification of the media, and extensive precipitation of magnesium oxalate dihydrate (glushinskite, Mg(C2 O4 ).2H2 O) occurring under growing colonies. In liquid media, A. niger was able to solubilize natural and synthetic struvite releasing mobile phosphate (PO4 3- ) and magnesium (Mg2+ ), the latter reacting with excreted oxalate resulting in precipitation of magnesium oxalate dihydrate which also accumulated within the mycelial pellets. Struvite was also found to influence the morphology of A. niger mycelial pellets. These findings contribute further understanding of struvite solubilization, element release and secondary oxalate formation, relevant to the biogeochemical cycling of phosphate minerals, and further directions utilizing these mechanisms in environmental biotechnologies such as element biorecovery and biofertilizer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkotrat Suyamud
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - John Ferrier
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Laszlo Csetenyi
- Concrete Technology Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Duangrat Inthorn
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Commission on Higher Education (CHE), Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, 18 Fuxue Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102249, China
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Anaerobic Digestate Treatment Selection Model for Biogas Plant Costs and Emissions Reduction. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture is one of the leading sectors on the global level contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions increase. With the utilization of biogas production technology within the agriculture sector, ecological benefits could be achieved, with immediate economic profit. Therefore, to retain economic profit and environmental sustainability, implementation of bioeconomy principles is of key importance. This paper examines four options of digestate treatment, which is identified as one of the highest operational cost for the biogas plant. A simple and robust model in Excel Solver was developed to determine the best solution for minimising GHG emissions and maximise profit for the biogas plant operator, through an upgrade of the plant with digestate treatment technologies. The model was implemented on a case of a Croatian biogas plant and the best solution in terms of GHG reduction and profit increase proved to be fertilizer production (Option 1), through a crystallization process of struvite within the digestate. This option obtains a significant reduction in GHG emissions compared to standard biogas production without additional upgrades (Option 4), by over 90%, and increase of profit for the biogas plant operator, which diversifies the income source and creates multiple positive impacts on the environment.
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Tao W, Bayrakdar A, Wang Y, Agyeman F. Three-stage treatment for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery from human urine: Hydrolysis, precipitation and vacuum stripping. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109435. [PMID: 31450199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Source separation of human urine has not been widely adopted because of scaling on urine collecting fixtures and lack of verified technologies for on-site utilization of waterless urine. This study investigated the effects of flushing liquid, temperature and urease amendment on hydrolysis of urea to ammonia, explored ammonia recovery via vacuum stripping in connection with phosphorus recovery via struvite precipitation in different sequences, and performed economic analysis of a proposed nutrient recovery strategy. It was found that acetic acid could be dosed at 0.05-0.07 N to flush urine-diverting toilets and urinals for hygiene and prevention of scaling. However, a high dosage of 0.56 N completely inhibited urea hydrolysis. Source-separated urine could be stored at 25 °C with ample urease for complete urea hydrolysis within approximately 20 h. Fully hydrolyzed waterless urine contained 9.0-11.6 g/L ammonia-N, 0.53-0.95 g/L phosphate-P and only 2.3-9.1 mg/L magnesium. When magnesium was supplemented to attain the optimum Mg2+: PO43- molar concentration ratio of 1.0 in hydrolyzed urine, batch operation of a pilot-scale air-lift crystallizer removed 93-95% of phosphate and produced 3.65-4.93 g/L struvite in 1-5 h. Batch operation of a pilot-scale vacuum stripping - acid absorption system for 12 h stripped 72-77% of ammonia and produced 37.6-39.7 g/L (NH4)2SO4. Compared with the ammonia → phosphorus recovery sequence, the struvite precipitation → vacuum stripping sequence produced more struvite and ammonium sulfate. The strategy of urea hydrolysis → struvite precipitation → vacuum stripping of ammonia is a sustainable alternative to the conventional phosphorus fertilizer production and ammonia synthesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Tao
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Alper Bayrakdar
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Environmental Engineering Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya, 42140, Turkey
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Fred Agyeman
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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29
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Lippens C, De Vrieze J. Exploiting the unwanted: Sulphate reduction enables phosphate recovery from energy-rich sludge during anaerobic digestion. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114859. [PMID: 31330399 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is shifting from a single-purpose technology for renewable energy recovery from organic waste streams to a process for integrated resource recovery. The valorisation of high-rate energy- and phosphorus-rich sludge creates the opportunity for their combined recovery. This phosphate is present in a precipitated form in the sludge, and its release into the liquid phase is an important issue before recovery can be achieved. The objective of this research was to exploit the "unwanted" sulphate reduction process for the release of phosphate into the liquid phase during anaerobic digestion, thus, making it available for recovery. Two different treatments were considered, i.e., a control digester and a digester to which sulphate was added, each operated in triplicate for a period of 119 days. The control digester showed stable methane production at 628 ± 103 mL CH4 L-1 d-1, with a feedstock COD (chemical oxygen demand) conversion efficiency of 89.5 ± 14.6%. In contrast, the digester with sulphate addition showed a 29.9 ± 15.3% decrease in methane production, reaching an "inhibited steady state", but phosphate release into the liquid phase increased to 58.7 ± 12.9% of total P, a factor 4.5 higher than the control digester. This inhibited steady state coincided with a clear shift from a Methanosaetaceae to a Methanosarcinaceae dominated methanogenic community. Overall, the sulphate reduction process allows phosphate release during the anaerobic digestion process, yet, at the cost of a reduced methane production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Lippens
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium. http://www.cmet.ugent.be
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30
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DeRose K, Liu F, Davis RW, Simmons BA, Quinn JC. Conversion of Distiller's Grains to Renewable Fuels and High Value Protein: Integrated Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10525-10533. [PMID: 31381851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Distiller's grains are a byproduct of corn ethanol production and provide an opportunity for increasing the economic viability and sustainability of the overall grain-to-fuels process. Typically, these grains are dried and sold as a ruminant feed adjunct. This study considers utilization of the residuals in a novel supplementary fermentation process to produce two products, enriched protein and fusel alcohols. The value-added proposition and environmental impact of this second fermentation step for distiller's grains are evaluated by considering three different processing scenarios. Techno-economic results show the minimum protein selling price, assuming fusel alcohol products are valued at $0.79 per liter gasoline equivalent, ranges between $1.65-$2.48 kg protein-1 for the different cases. Environmental impacts of the systems were evaluated through life cycle assessment. Results show a baseline emission results of 17 g CO2-eq (MJ fuel)-1 for the fuel product and 10.3 kg CO2-eq kg protein-1 for the protein product. Sensitivity to allocation methods show a dramatic impact with results ranging between -8 to 140 g CO2-eq (MJ fuel)-1 for the fuel product and -0.3 to 6.4 kg CO2-eq kg protein-1 for the protein product. The discussion is focused on the potential impact of the technology on corn ethanol production economics and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine DeRose
- Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technologies , Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Ryan W Davis
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technologies , Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Deconstruction Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Emeryville , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jason C Quinn
- Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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31
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Jarvie HP, Flaten D, Sharpley AN, Kleinman PJA, Healy MG, King SM. Future Phosphorus: Advancing New 2D Phosphorus Allotropes and Growing a Sustainable Bioeconomy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:1145-1155. [PMID: 31589713 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2019.03.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With more than 40 countries currently proposing to boost their national bioeconomies, there is no better time for a clarion call for a "new" bioeconomy, which, at its core, tackles the current disparities and inequalities in phosphorus (P) availability. Existing biofuel production systems have widened P inequalities and contributed to a linear P economy, impairing water quality and accelerating dependence on P fertilizers manufactured from finite nonrenewable phosphate rock reserves. Here, we explore how the emerging bioeconomy in novel, value-added, bio-based products offers opportunities to rethink our stewardship of P. Development of integrated value chains of new bio-based products offers opportunities for codevelopment of "P refineries" to recover P fertilizer products from organic wastes. Advances in material sciences are exploiting unique semiconductor and opto-electrical properties of new "two-dimensional" (2D) P allotropes (2D black phosphorus and blue phosphorus). These novel P materials offer the tantalizing prospect of step-change innovations in renewable energy production and storage, in biomedical applications, and in biomimetic processes, including artificial photosynthesis. They also offer a possible antidote to the P paradox that our agricultural production systems have engineered us into, as well as the potential to expand the future role of P in securing sustainability across both agroecological and technological domains of the bioeconomy. However, a myriad of social, technological, and commercialization hurdles remains to be crossed before such an advanced circular P bioeconomy can be realized. The emerging bioeconomy is just one piece of a much larger puzzle of how to achieve more sustainable and circular horizons in our future use of P.
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32
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Nedelciu CE, Ragnarsdóttir KV, Stjernquist I. From waste to resource: A systems dynamics and stakeholder analysis of phosphorus recycling from municipal wastewater in Europe. AMBIO 2019; 48:741-751. [PMID: 30218268 PMCID: PMC6509087 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recycling Phosphorus (P) from urban wastewater can secure part of domestic agricultural P supply and contribute to a circular P supply chain. In this paper, we use literature review, stakeholder interviews and analysis, and systems dynamics for the capital cities of Stockholm and Budapest as case studies. We find that political support is a prerequisite for developing the P recycling sector, and policy makers are the most influential stakeholders. P criticality is the main driver for political support. P externalities from mining to sludge disposal should be considered when evaluating P criticality and recycling profitability. We conclude with policy recommendations for the development of the P recycling sector, arguing for legally binding P recycling targets and prioritization of the safest technological solutions available. Our analysis identifies three policy action indicators and five policy interventions in the recycling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu-Eduard Nedelciu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavík, 101 Iceland
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ingrid Stjernquist
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Evaluating the Impacts of ACP Management on the Energy Performance of Hydrothermal Liquefaction via Nutrient Recovery. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12040729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is of interest in producing liquid fuels from organic waste, but the process also creates appreciable quantities of aqueous co-product (ACP) containing high concentrations of regulated wastewater pollutants (e.g., organic carbon, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)). Previous literature has not emphasized characterization, management, or possible valorization of ACP wastewaters. This study aims to evaluate one possible approach to ACP management via recovery of valuable scarce materials. Equilibrium modeling was performed to estimate theoretical yields of struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) from ACP samples arising from HTL processing of selected waste feedstocks. Experimental analyses were conducted to evaluate the accuracy of theoretical yield estimates. Adjusted yields were then incorporated into a life-cycle energy modeling framework to compute energy return on investment (EROI) for the struvite precipitation process as part of the overall HTL life-cycle. Observed struvite yields and residual P concentrations were consistent with theoretical modeling results; however, residual N concentrations were lower than model estimates because of the volatilization of ammonia gas. EROI calculations reveal that struvite recovery is a net-energy producing process, but that this benefit offers little to no improvement in EROI performance for the overall HTL life-cycle. In contrast, corresponding economic analysis suggests that struvite precipitation may be economically appealing.
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Campos JL, Crutchik D, Franchi Ó, Pavissich JP, Belmonte M, Pedrouso A, Mosquera-Corral A, Val del Río Á. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery From Anaerobically Pretreated Agro-Food Wastes: A Review. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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35
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Li Y, Tarpeh WA, Nelson KL, Strathmann TJ. Quantitative Evaluation of an Integrated System for Valorization of Wastewater Algae as Bio-oil, Fuel Gas, and Fertilizer Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12717-12727. [PMID: 30256626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Algal systems have emerged as a promising strategy for simultaneous treatment and valorization of wastewater. However, further advancement and real-world implementation are hindered by the limited knowledge on the full energetic and nutrient product potentials of such systems and the corresponding value of these products. In this work, an aqueous-based system for the conversion of wastewater-derived algae and upgrading of crude products was designed and demonstrated. Bio-oil, fuel gas, and fertilizer products were generated from algal biomass harvested from a municipal wastewater treatment facility. Experiments showed that 68% of chemical energy contained in the algal biomass could be recovered with 44% in upgraded bio-oil and 23% in fuel gas (calculated as higher heating values), and 44% and 91% of nitrogen and phosphorus element contents in the original feedstock could be recovered as fertilizer products (ammonium sulfate and struvite), respectively. For 1,000 kg of such dry algal biomass, these products had an estimated total value of $427 (in 2014 U.S. dollars). For the first time, experiment-based energy and nutrient recovery potentials of wastewater-derived algae were presented in an integrated manner. Findings also revealed critical research needs and suggested strategies to further improve resource recovery and waste valorization in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado School of Mines and Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt) , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - William A Tarpeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California and Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt) , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Kara L Nelson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California and Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt) , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado School of Mines and Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt) , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
- National Bioenergy Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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36
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Crutchik D, Frison N, Eusebi AL, Fatone F. Biorefinery of cellulosic primary sludge towards targeted Short Chain Fatty Acids, phosphorus and methane recovery. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 136:112-119. [PMID: 29500972 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose from used toilet paper is a major untapped resource embedded in municipal wastewater which recovery and valorization to valuable products can be optimized. Cellulosic primary sludge (CPS) can be separated by upstream dynamic sieving and anaerobically digested to recover methane as much as 4.02 m3/capita·year. On the other hand, optimal acidogenic fermenting conditions of CPS allows the production of targeted short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as much as 2.92 kg COD/capita·year. Here propionate content can be more than 30% and can optimize the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) processes or the higher valuable co-polymer of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In this work, first a full set of batch assays were used at three different temperatures (37, 55 and 70 °C) and three different initial pH (8, 9 and 10) to identify the best conditions for optimizing both the total SCFAs and propionate content from CPS fermentation. Then, the optimal conditions were applied in long term to a Sequencing Batch Fermentation Reactor where the highest propionate production (100-120 mg COD/g TVSfed·d) was obtained at 37 °C and adjusting the feeding pH at 8. This was attributed to the higher hydrolysis efficiency of the cellulosic materials (up to 44%), which increased the selective growth of Propionibacterium acidopropionici in the fermentation broth up to 34%. At the same time, around 88% of the phosphorus released during the acidogenic fermentation was recovered as much as 0.15 kg of struvite per capita·year. Finally, the potential market value was preliminary estimated for the recovered materials that can triple over the conventional scenario of biogas recovery in existing municipal wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Crutchik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicola Frison
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Anna Laura Eusebi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and City Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fatone
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and City Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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37
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An Assessment of the Drivers and Barriers for the Deployment of Urban Phosphorus Recovery Technologies: A Case Study of The Netherlands. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10061790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Martín-Hernández E, Sampat AM, Zavala VM, Martín M. Optimal integrated facility for waste processing. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Xu F, Khalaf A, Sheets J, Ge X, Keener H, Li Y. Phosphorus Removal and Recovery From Anaerobic Digestion Residues. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Shen Y, Tan MTT, Chong C, Xiao W, Wang CH. An environmental friendly animal waste disposal process with ammonia recovery and energy production: Experimental study and economic analysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 68:636-645. [PMID: 28757220 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal manure waste is considered as an environmental challenge especially in farming areas mainly because of gaseous emission and water pollution. Among all the pollutants emitted from manure waste, ammonia is of greatest concern as it could contribute to formation of aerosols in the air and could hardly be controlled by traditional disposal methods like landfill or composting. On the other hand, manure waste is also a renewable source for energy production. In this work, an environmental friendly animal waste disposal process with combined ammonia recovery and energy production was proposed and investigated both experimentally and economically. Lab-scale feasibility study results showed that 70% of ammonia in the manure waste could be converted to struvite as fertilizer, while solid manure waste was successfully gasified in a 10kW downdraft fixed-bed gasifier producing syngas with the higher heating value of 4.9MJ/(Nm3). Based on experimental results, economic study for the system was carried out using a cost-benefit analysis to investigate the financial feasibility based on a Singapore case study. In addition, for comparison, schemes of gasification without ammonia removal and incineration were also studied for manure waste disposal. The results showed that the proposed gasification-based manure waste treatment process integrated with ammonia recovery was most financially viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Shen
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Michelle Ting Ting Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Clive Chong
- Ten-League Engineering & Technology Pte Ltd, 26 Jalan Buroh, Singapore 619482, Singapore
| | - Wende Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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41
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Stokholm-Bjerregaard M, McIlroy SJ, Nierychlo M, Karst SM, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH. A Critical Assessment of the Microorganisms Proposed to be Important to Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:718. [PMID: 28496434 PMCID: PMC5406452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the microbiology of phosphorus (P) removal is considered essential to knowledge-based optimization of enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) systems. Biological P removal is achieved in these systems by promoting the growth of organisms collectively known as the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). Also considered important to EBPR are the glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), which are theorized to compete with the PAOs for resources at the expense of P removal efficiency. Numerous studies have sought to identify the PAOs and their GAOs competitors, with several candidates proposed for each over the last few decades. The current study collectively assessed the abundance and diversity of all proposed PAOs and GAOs in 18 Danish full-scale wastewater treatment plants with well-working biological nutrient removal over a period of 9 years using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The microbial community structure in all plants was relatively stable over time. Evidence for the role of the proposed PAOs and GAOs in EBPR varies and is critically assessed, in light of their calculated amplicon abundances, to indicate which of these are important in full-scale systems. Bacteria from the genus Tetrasphaera were the most abundant of the PAOs. The “Candidatus Accumulibacter” PAOs were in much lower abundance and appear to be biased by the amplicon-based method applied. The genera Dechloromonas, Microlunatus, and Tessaracoccus were identified as abundant putative PAO that require further research attention. Interestingly, the actinobacterial Micropruina and sbr-gs28 phylotypes were among the most abundant of the putative GAOs. Members of the genera Defluviicoccus, Propionivibrio, the family Competibacteraceae, and the spb280 group were also relatively abundant in some plants. Despite observed high abundances of GAOs (periodically exceeding 20% of the amplicon reads), P removal performance was maintained, indicating that these organisms were not outcompeting the PAOs in these EBPR systems. Phylogenetic diversity within each of the PAOs and GAOs genera was observed, which is consistent with reported metabolic diversity for these. Whether or not key traits can be assigned to sub-genus level clades requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Stokholm-Bjerregaard
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon J McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Marta Nierychlo
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren M Karst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
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42
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Ye Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liu Y, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Jia H. Insight into chemical phosphate recovery from municipal wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 576:159-171. [PMID: 27783934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate plays an irreplaceable role in the production of fertilizers. However, its finite availability may not be enough to satisfy increasing demands for the fertilizer production worldwide. In this scenario, phosphate recovery can effectively alleviate this problem. Municipal wastewater has received high priority to recover phosphate because its quantity is considerable. Therefore, phosphate recovery from municipal wastewater can bring many benefits such as relieving the burden of increasing production of fertilizers and reduction in occurrence of eutrophication caused by the excessive concentration of phosphate in the released effluent. The chemical processes are the most widely applied in phosphate recovery in municipal wastewater treatment because they are highly stable and efficient, and simple to operate. This paper compares chemical technologies for phosphate recovery from municipal wastewater. As phosphate in the influent is transferred to the liquid and sludge phases, a technical overview of chemical phosphate recovery in both phases is presented with reference to mechanism, efficiency and the main governing parameters. Moreover, an analysis on their applications at plant-scale is also presented. The properties of recovered phosphate and its impact on crops and plants are also assessed with a discussion on the economic feasibility of the technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia; Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Jixiang Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hui Jia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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Ye Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Guo J, Ni BJ, Chang SW, Nguyen DD. Insight into biological phosphate recovery from sewage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:874-881. [PMID: 27434305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The world's increasing population means that more food production is required. A more sustainable supply of fertilizers mainly consisting of phosphate is needed. Due to the rising consumption of scarce resources and limited natural supply of phosphate, the recovery of phosphate and their re-use has potentially high market value. Sewage has high potential to recover a large amount of phosphate in a circular economy approach. This paper focuses on utilization of biological process integrated with various subsequent processes to concentrate and recycle phosphate which are derived from liquid and sludge phases. The phosphate accumulation and recovery are discussed in terms of mechanism and governing parameters, recovery efficiency, application at plant-scale and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia; Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
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Mayer BK, Baker LA, Boyer TH, Drechsel P, Gifford M, Hanjra MA, Parameswaran P, Stoltzfus J, Westerhoff P, Rittmann BE. Total Value of Phosphorus Recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6606-20. [PMID: 27214029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a critical, geographically concentrated, nonrenewable resource necessary to support global food production. In excess (e.g., due to runoff or wastewater discharges), P is also a primary cause of eutrophication. To reconcile the simultaneous shortage and overabundance of P, lost P flows must be recovered and reused, alongside improvements in P-use efficiency. While this motivation is increasingly being recognized, little P recovery is practiced today, as recovered P generally cannot compete with the relatively low cost of mined P. Therefore, P is often captured to prevent its release into the environment without beneficial recovery and reuse. However, additional incentives for P recovery emerge when accounting for the total value of P recovery. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the range of benefits of recovering P from waste streams, i.e., the total value of recovering P. This approach accounts for P products, as well as other assets that are associated with P and can be recovered in parallel, such as energy, nitrogen, metals and minerals, and water. Additionally, P recovery provides valuable services to society and the environment by protecting and improving environmental quality, enhancing efficiency of waste treatment facilities, and improving food security and social equity. The needs to make P recovery a reality are also discussed, including business models, bottlenecks, and policy and education strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke K Mayer
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Lawrence A Baker
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Treavor H Boyer
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure & Environment (ESSIE), University of Florida , P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6450, United States
| | - Pay Drechsel
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Mac Gifford
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , 660 South College Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Munir A Hanjra
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Prathap Parameswaran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University , 2118 Fiedler Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jared Stoltzfus
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University , 800 South Cady Mall, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , 660 South College Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
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Tarayre C, De Clercq L, Charlier R, Michels E, Meers E, Camargo-Valero M, Delvigne F. New perspectives for the design of sustainable bioprocesses for phosphorus recovery from waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 206:264-274. [PMID: 26873287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate rock has long been used for the production of phosphorus based chemicals. However, considering the depletion of the reservoirs and the decrease of the quality of phosphate rocks, a potential market is now emerging for the recovery of phosphate from waste and its reuse for different applications. Notably, phosphate recovery from wastewater could be included in a circular economy approach. This review focuses on the use of microbial systems for phosphorus accumulation and recovery, by considering the actual range of analytical techniques available for the monitoring of phosphorus accumulating organisms, as well as the actual biochemical and metabolic engineering toolbox available for the optimization of bioprocesses. In this context, knowledge gathered from process, system and synthetic biology could potentially lead to innovative process design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Tarayre
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Lies De Clercq
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raphaëlle Charlier
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Evi Michels
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miller Camargo-Valero
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Campus La Nubia, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Frank Delvigne
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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Tao W, Fattah KP, Huchzermeier MP. Struvite recovery from anaerobically digested dairy manure: A review of application potential and hindrances. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 169:46-57. [PMID: 26720329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobically digested dairy manure is rich in ammonium, orthophosphates, and magnesium, indicating a high potential for struvite recovery. Continuous generation of large amounts of dairy manure plus increasing global interest in anaerobic digestion of dairy manure suggest a huge market for struvite production with anaerobically digested dairy manure. However, the complex chemical composition of digested dairy manure presents hindrances to struvite recovery. This review paper assesses the significance and potential of struvite recovery from anaerobically digested dairy manure, identifies the factors hindering struvite recovery, and discusses the methods to overcome hindrances and the measures to improve phosphorus speciation of dairy manure for struvite formation. This paper proposes using "struvite recovery potential" or Pstruvite based on the least molar activity of struvite component ions in addition to "supersaturation ratio" to identify the potential for struvite recovery. The probable hindrances mainly include high Ca(2+) concentration and molar activity ratios of Ca(2+): Mg(2+) and Ca(2+): PO4(3-), high ionic strength, and high alkalinity. Struvite formation and purity is likely a function of all the interfering variables, rather than just a single factor with digested dairy manure. Potential enhancement measures need to be tested for technical and economic feasibility and applicability to various sources of digested dairy manure. This review paper provides guidance to overcoming the hindrances of digested dairy manure to struvite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Tao
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Baker 402, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Kazi P Fattah
- Department of Civil Engineering, American University of Sharjah, PO Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Castellet L, Molinos-Senante M. Efficiency assessment of wastewater treatment plants: A data envelopment analysis approach integrating technical, economic, and environmental issues. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 167:160-166. [PMID: 26686068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is essential to compare their performance and consequently to identify the best operational practices that can contribute to the reduction of operational costs. Previous studies have evaluated the efficiency of WWTPs using conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. Most of these studies have considered the operational costs of the WWTPs as inputs, while the pollutants removed from wastewater are treated as outputs. However, they have ignored the fact that each pollutant removed by a WWTP involves a different environmental impact. To overcome this limitation, this paper evaluates for the first time the efficiency of a sample of WWTPs by applying the weighted slacks-based measure model. It is a non-radial DEA model which allows assigning weights to the inputs and outputs according their importance. Thus, the assessment carried out integrates environmental issues with the traditional "techno-economic" efficiency assessment of WWTPs. Moreover, the potential economic savings for each cost item have been quantified at a plant level. It is illustrated that the WWTPs analyzed have significant room to save staff and energy costs. Several managerial implications to help WWTPs' operators make informed decisions were drawn from the methodology and empirical application carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lledó Castellet
- Department of Applied Economics II, University of Valencia, Avda. Tarongers S/N, 26022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Molinos-Senante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Arquitectura e Instituto de Estudios Urbanos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, El Comendador 1916, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable CONICYT/FONDAP/15110020, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile.
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49
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Molinos-Senante M, Maziotis A, Sala-Garrido R. Estimating the cost of improving service quality in water supply: A shadow price approach for England and wales. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 539:470-477. [PMID: 26379261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Service quality to customers is an aspect that cannot be ignored in the performance assessment of water companies. Nowadays water regulators introduce awards or penalties to incentivize companies to improve service quality to customers when setting prices. In this study, the directional distance function is employed to estimate the shadow prices of variables indicating the lack of service quality to customers in the water industry i.e., written complaints, unplanned interruptions and properties below the reference level. To calculate the shadow price of each undesirable output for each water company, it is needed to ascribe a reference price for the desirable output which is the volume of water delivered. An empirical application is carried out for water companies in England and Wales. Hence, the shadow price of each undesirable output is expressed both as a percentage of the price of the desirable output and in pence per cubic meter of water delivered The estimated results indicate that on average, each additional written complaint that needs to be dealt with by the water company includes a service quality cost of 0.399p/m(3). As expected, when looking at the other service quality variables which involve network repair or replacement, these values are considerably higher. On average, the water company must spend an extra 0.622p/m(3) to prevent one unplanned interruption and 0.702p/m(3) to avoid one water pressure below the reference level. The findings of this study are of great importance for regulated companies and regulators as it has been illustrated that improvements in the service quality in terms of customer service could be challenging and therefore ongoing investments will be required to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Molinos-Senante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Arquitectura e Instituto de Estudios Urbanos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, El Comendador 1916, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable CONICYT/FONDAP/15110020, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Ramón Sala-Garrido
- Department of Mathematics for the Economy. University of Valencia, Campus dels Tarongers S/N, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Bradford-Hartke Z, Lane J, Lant P, Leslie G. Environmental Benefits and Burdens of Phosphorus Recovery from Municipal Wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:8611-22. [PMID: 26121005 DOI: 10.1021/es505102v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The environmental benefits and burdens of phosphorus recovery in four centralized and two decentralized municipal wastewater systems were compared using life cycle assessment (LCA). In centralized systems, phosphorus recovered as struvite from the solids dewatering liquid resulted in an environmental benefit except for the terrestrial ecotoxicity and freshwater eutrophication impact categories, with power and chemical use offset by operational savings and avoided fertilizer production. Chemical-based phosphorus recovery, however, generally required more resources than were offset by avoided fertilizers, resulting in a net environmental burden. In decentralized systems, phosphorus recovery via urine source separation reduced the global warming and ozone depletion potentials but increased terrestrial ecotoxicity and salinization potentials due to application of untreated urine to land. Overall, mineral depletion and eutrophication are well-documented arguments for phosphorus recovery; however, phosphorus recovery does not necessarily present a net environmental benefit. While avoided fertilizer production does reduce potential impacts, phosphorus recovery does not necessarily offset the resources consumed in the process. LCA results indicate that selection of an appropriate phosphorus recovery method should consider both local conditions and other environmental impacts, including global warming, ozone depletion, toxicity, and salinization, in addition to eutrophication and mineral depletion impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenah Bradford-Hartke
- †School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joe Lane
- ‡School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Lant
- ‡School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory Leslie
- †School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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