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Oh I, Raymundo B, Jung SA, Kim HJ, Park J, Kim C. Extremely
Low‐Frequency
Electromagnetic Field Altered
PPARγ
and
CCL2
Levels and Suppressed
CD44
+
/
CD24
−
Breast Cancer Cells Characteristics. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In‐Rok Oh
- College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 Korea
| | - Bernardo Raymundo
- College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 Korea
| | - Sung A Jung
- College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 Korea
| | - Jung‐Keug Park
- Dongguk University Biomedi CampusDongguk University Goyang Korea
| | - Chan‐Wha Kim
- College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 Korea
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2
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Lim KT, Hexiu J, Patel DK, Kim J, Seonwoo H, Chung JH. Evaluation of the Osteogenic Potential of Stem Cells in the Presence of Growth Hormone under Magnetic Field Stimulation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4141-4154. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hexiu
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dinesh K. Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Seonwoo
- Department of Industrial Machinery Engineering, Suncheon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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3
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Canaider S, Facchin F, Tassinari R, Cavallini C, Olivi E, Taglioli V, Zannini C, Bianconi E, Maioli M, Ventura C. Intracrine Endorphinergic Systems in Modulation of Myocardial Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205175. [PMID: 31635381 PMCID: PMC6829321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of peptides not only interact with the cell surface, but govern complex signaling from inside the cell. This has been referred to as an "intracrine" action, and the orchestrating molecules as "intracrines". Here, we review the intracrine action of dynorphin B, a bioactive end-product of the prodynorphin gene, on nuclear opioid receptors and nuclear protein kinase C signaling to stimulate the transcription of a gene program of cardiogenesis. The ability of intracrine dynorphin B to prime the transcription of its own coding gene in isolated nuclei is discussed as a feed-forward loop of gene expression amplification and synchronization. We describe the role of hyaluronan mixed esters of butyric and retinoic acids as synthetic intracrines, controlling prodynorphin gene expression, cardiogenesis, and cardiac repair. We also discuss the increase in prodynorphin gene transcription and intracellular dynorphin B afforded by electromagnetic fields in stem cells, as a mechanism of cardiogenic signaling and enhancement in the yield of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. We underline the possibility of using the diffusive features of physical energies to modulate intracrinergic systems without the needs of viral vector-mediated gene transfer technologies, and prompt the exploration of this hypothesis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Canaider
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering - Eldor Lab, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica Facchin
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering - Eldor Lab, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Tassinari
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering - Eldor Lab, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudia Cavallini
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering - Eldor Lab, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Olivi
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering - Eldor Lab, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Taglioli
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering - Eldor Lab, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chiara Zannini
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering - Eldor Lab, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Eva Bianconi
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering - Eldor Lab, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Carlo Ventura
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering - Eldor Lab, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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Marrella A, Iafisco M, Adamiano A, Rossi S, Aiello M, Barandalla-Sobrados M, Carullo P, Miragoli M, Tampieri A, Scaglione S, Catalucci D. A combined low-frequency electromagnetic and fluidic stimulation for a controlled drug release from superparamagnetic calcium phosphate nanoparticles: potential application for cardiovascular diseases. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20180236. [PMID: 29997259 PMCID: PMC6073647 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative drug delivery approaches to treat cardiovascular diseases are currently under intense investigation. In this domain, the possibility to target the heart and tailor the amount of drug dose by using a combination of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) and electromagnetic devices is a fascinating approach. Here, an electromagnetic device based on Helmholtz coils was generated for the application of low-frequency magnetic stimulations to manage drug release from biocompatible superparamagnetic Fe-hydroxyapatite NPs (FeHAs). Integrated with a fluidic circuit mimicking the flow of the cardiovascular environment, the device was efficient to trigger the release of a model drug (ibuprofen) from FeHAs as a function of the applied frequencies. Furthermore, the biological effects on the cardiac system of the identified electromagnetic exposure were assessed in vitro and in vivo by acute stimulation of isolated adult cardiomyocytes and in an animal model. The cardio-compatibility of FeHAs was also assessed in vitro and in an animal model. No alterations of cardiac electrophysiological properties were observed in both cases, providing the evidence that the combination of low-frequency magnetic stimulations and FeHAs might represent a promising strategy for controlled drug delivery to the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Marrella
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT), via de Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Iafisco
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), Faenza, Italy
| | - Alessio Adamiano
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), Faenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Rossi
- CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Aiello
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT), via de Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Barandalla-Sobrados
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research UOS Milan (IRGB), Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Carullo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research UOS Milan (IRGB), Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Miragoli
- CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research UOS Milan (IRGB), Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), Faenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Scaglione
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT), via de Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research UOS Milan (IRGB), Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Yang J, Zhang J, Ding C, Dong D, Shang P. Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation and Iron Content in MC3T3-E1 Cells by Static Magnetic Field with Different Intensities. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:214-225. [PMID: 29052173 PMCID: PMC5992240 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have indicated that static magnetic fields (SMFs) have positive effects on bone tissue, including bone formation and bone healing process. Evaluating the effects of SMFs on bone cell (especially osteoblast) function and exploring the mechanism, which is critical for understanding the possible risks or benefits from SMFs to the balance of bone remodeling. Iron and magnetic fields have the natural relationship, and iron is an essential element for normal bone metabolism. Iron overload or deficiency can cause severe bone disorders including osteoporosis. However, there are few reports regarding the role of iron in the regulation of bone formation under SMFs. In this study, hypomagnetic field (HyMF) of 500 nT, moderate SMF (MMF) of 0.2 T, and high SMF (HiMF) of 16 T were used to investigate how osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) responses to SMFs and iron metabolism of osteoblast under SMFs. The results showed that SMFs did not pose severe toxic effects on osteoblast growth. During cell proliferation, iron content of osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells was decreased in HyMF, but was increased in MMF and HiMF after exposure for 48 h. Compared to untreated control (i.e., geomagnetic field, GMF), HyMF and MMF exerted deleterious effects on osteoblast differentiation by simultaneously retarding alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and calcium deposition. However, when exposed to HiMF of 16 T, the differentiation potential showed the opposite tendency with enhanced mineralization. Iron level was increased in HyMF, constant in MMF and decreased in HiMF during cell differentiation. In addition, the mRNA expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) was promoted by HyMF but was inhibited by HiMF. At the same time, HiMF of 16 T and MMF of 0.2 T increased the expression of ferroportin 1 (FPN1). In conclusion, these results indicated that osteoblast differentiation can be regulated by altering the strength of the SMF, and iron is possibly involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chong Ding
- Province-Ministry Joint Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Dandan Dong
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Research and Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China.
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Doyon P, Johansson O. Electromagnetic fields may act via calcineurin inhibition to suppress immunity, thereby increasing risk for opportunistic infection: Conceivable mechanisms of action. Med Hypotheses 2017; 106:71-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Lucia U, Grisolia G, Ponzetto A, Silvagno F. An engineering thermodynamic approach to select the electromagnetic wave effective on cell growth. J Theor Biol 2017; 429:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Aikins AR, Hong SW, Kim HJ, Yoon CH, Chung JH, Kim M, Kim CW. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field induces neural differentiation of hBM-MSCs through regulation of (Zn)-metallothionein-3. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 38:364-373. [PMID: 28370392 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELFEMF) can stimulate neural differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (hBM-MSCs), and this provides an opportunity for research on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metallothionein-3 (MT3), an isoform of the metal-binding proteins, metallothioneins, involved in maintaining intracellular zinc (Zn) homeostasis and the deregulation of zinc homeostasis, has separately been implicated in AD. Here, we investigated the effect of ELFEMF-induced neural differentiation of hBM-MSCs on Zn-MT3 homeostatic interaction. Exposure to ELFEMF induced neural differentiation of hBM-MSCs, which was characterized by decreased proliferation and enhanced neural-like morphology. We observed expression of neuronal markers such as β-tubulin3, pleiotrophin, and neurofilament-M at the mRNA level and MAP2 at the protein level. ELFEMF-induced neural differentiation correlated with decreased expression of metal-response element-transcription factor 1 and MT3, as well as decreased intracellular Zn concentration. In addition, upregulation of dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 was observed, but there was no change in γ-enolase expression. These data indicate a possible regulatory mechanism for MT3 during neural differentiation. Our findings provide considerable insight into molecular mechanisms involved in neural differentiation, which is useful for developing new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:364-373, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Rosebud Aikins
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sung-Won Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Yoon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Chung
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - MiJung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Wha Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Xu H, Zhang J, Lei Y, Han Z, Rong D, Yu Q, Zhao M, Tian J. Low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field promotes C2C12 myoblasts proliferation via activation of MAPK/ERK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:97-102. [PMID: 27629357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has been shown to affect the activity of various cell types and promote them proliferation. However, its effect on skeletal muscle cells remains to be determined. In our study, we confirmed that PEMF (100 Hz, 1 mT) could promote C2C12 myoblasts proliferation by using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays, yet hardly any distinction was found in the rate of cell apoptosis between PEMF and control groups by flow cytometry (Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method). To further study the mechanism of action of PEMF, Western blot was utilized to detect the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. After exposing C2C12 myoblasts to PEMF, we found the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was significantly increased, while p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were not affected. Pretreating the cells with the ERK kinase1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor U0126 obviously inhibited the proliferation of C2C12 cells. Taken together, our research for the first time demonstrated that PEMF promoted C2C12 myoblasts proliferation via activating MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yutian Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Dongming Rong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Haizhu, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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Scholkmann F, Miscio G, Tarquini R, Bosi A, Rubino R, di Mauro L, Mazzoccoli G. The circadecadal rhythm of oscillation of umbilical cord blood parameters correlates with geomagnetic activity - An analysis of long-term measurements (1999-2011). Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:1136-1147. [PMID: 27409251 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1202264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that the contents of total nucleated cells (TNCs) and CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CD34+ HSPCs) as well as the cord blood volume (CBV) in umbilical cord blood (UCB) show a circadecadal (~10 years) rhythm of oscillation. This observation was based on an analysis of 17,936 cord blood donations collected during 1999-2011. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this circadecadal rhythm of oscillation in TNCs, CD34+ HSPCs and CBV is related to geomagnetic activity. For the analysis, the yearly averages of TNCs, CD34+ HSPCs and CBV in UCB were correlated with geomagnetic activity (Dcx index). Our analysis revealed that (i) all three UCB parameters were statistically significantly correlated with the level of geomagnetic activity, (ii) CBV showed a linear correlation with the Dcx index (r = 0.5290), (iii) the number of TNCs and CD34+ HSPCs were quadratic inversely correlated with the Dcx index (r = -0.5343 and r = -0.7749, respectively). Furthermore, (iv) CBV and the number of TNCs were not statistically significantly correlated with the number of either modest or intense geomagnetic storms per year, but (v) the number of CD34+ HSPCs was statistically significantly correlated with the number of modest (r = 0.9253) as well as intense (r = 0.8683) geomagnetic storms per year. In conclusion, our study suggests that UCB parameters correlate with the state of the geomagnetic field (GMF) modulated by solar activity. Possible biophysical mechanisms underlying this observation, as well as the outcome of these findings, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Scholkmann
- a Research Office for Complex Physical and Biological Systems (ROCoS) , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Miscio
- b Apulia Cord Blood Bank , IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG) , Italy
| | - Roberto Tarquini
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Florence , Florence , Italy.,d Interinstitutional Department for Continuity of Care of Empoli, School of Medicine , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Alberto Bosi
- e Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Haematology, School of Medicine , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Rosa Rubino
- f Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit , IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG) , Italy
| | - Lazzaro di Mauro
- b Apulia Cord Blood Bank , IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG) , Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- f Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit , IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG) , Italy
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Bistolfi F. Extremely Low-Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Fields and Multiple Sclerosis: Effects on Neurotransmission Alone or Also on Immunomodulation? Building a Working Hypothesis. Neuroradiol J 2016; 20:676-93. [DOI: 10.1177/197140090702000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper outlines the current state of knowledge on the pathology and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and critically analyses the vast clinical experience of Sandyk in the use of pulsed magnetic fields of 5 Hz at 7.5 pT to treat many symptoms of MS. A complete regression of symptoms, or at least a major improvement, is sometimes so rapid as to suggest that ELF fields exert a greater effect on axonal and synaptic neurotransmission than on the processes leading to demyelination. Pulsed magnetic fields of 50–100 Hz and a few mT (whose flux intensity is 109 times greater than that of the fields used by Sandyk) have been seen to induce profound morphological changes (the Marinozzi effect) in the plasma membrane of several cell types, including Raji human lymphoblastoid cells. These observations underlie the author's hypothesis on the possible use of such fields in the treatment of MS. Indeed, these fields should induce the functional arrest of the cells (B- and T-lymphocytes, macrophages, microglia, dendritic cells) of the MS plaque, thereby providing an ‘electromagnetic immunomodulatory boost’ to the effects of drug therapy. To test this working hypothesis, it is suggested that preliminary experimental research be carried out to ascertain: 1) the Marinozzi effect in vivo; 2) the Marinozzi effect on microglia and dendritic cells; and 3) the duration of the membrane changes and their relaxation rate. ELF magnetic fields in the picotesla and millitesla ranges are aimed at improving neurotransmission and correcting local immune pathology, respectively. Both types of field might find application in the treatment of MS patients who no longer respond to or tolerate currently used drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bistolfi
- Radiotherapy Department, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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Reale M, Panara MR, Bongrazio M, Barbacane R, Conti P, Franceschi C, Caruso I, Bersani F, Gigante G. Enhancing Effect of Electromagnetic Exposure on Calciumionophore (A23187), but Not IL-1, Induced Txa2 Release by Human Neutrophils. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/039463209100400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure of human polymorphonuclears to an extremely low frequency (3 Hz) electromagnetic field for 1 hour had an enhancing effect on thromboxane A2 release stimulated by A23187 calcium ionophore. On the contrary, IL-1 stimulation of TxA2 production was not affected by an electromagnetic field, suggesting that interleukin-1 influence on thromboxane synthesis is not due to a calcium ionophore-like action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria R. Panara
- Dept. of Normal and Pathologic Cytomorphology, CNR, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Bongrazio
- Dept. of Normal and Pathologic Cytomorphology, CNR, University of Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - C. Franceschi
- Inst. of Generale Pathology, Medical School, University of Modena, Italy
| | - I. Caruso
- Cattedra di Terapia Fisica, Dip. Chirurgia, IIa Università, Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - F. Bersani
- Dept. of Physics, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - G.E. Gigante
- Dept. of Physics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
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13
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Efficacy and safety evaluation of systemic extremely low frequency magnetic fields used in the healing of diabetic foot ulcers--phase II data. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:470-8. [PMID: 26226416 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cellular and animal models investigating extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) have reported promotion of leukocyte-endothelial interactions, angiogenesis, myofibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation, improvement of peripheral neuropathy and diabetic wound healing. In humans, it has also been reported that systemic exposure to ELF-MF stimulates peripheral blood mononuclear cells, promoting angiogenesis and healing of chronic leg ulcers. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of exposing different blood volumes to specific ELF-MFs (120 Hz sinusoidal waves of 0.4-0.9 mT RMS) to induce healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). METHODS Twenty six diabetic patients with non-responsive DFUs were divided into two exposure groups to receive treatment and record healing time. The forearm group, exposed to ELF-MF 2 h/day, twice weekly (3.6 l of blood/session); and the thorax group, exposed 25 min/day, 2 times/week (162.5 l of blood/session). Treatment period was 100 days or upon complete healing. Ulcer recurrences and adverse effects were investigated during short-term (<1 year) and long-term (3.4-7.8 years) follow-up. RESULTS Mean healing time was 61.48 ± 33.08 days in the forearm group and 62.56 ± 29.33 days for the thorax group. No adverse effects or ulcer recurrences in the original ulcer site were reported during treatment, the short-term follow-up period or the long-term follow-up period in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Healing time was independent of the amount of blood exposed to ELF-MF used in this trial. ELF-MFs are effective and safe and could be applied to non-healing DFUs in conjunction with other preventive interventions to reduce DFUs complications.
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Pérez H, Cordova-Fraga T, López-Briones S, Martínez-Espinosa JC, Rosas EF, Espinoza A, Villagómez-Castro JC, Sosa M, Topsu S, Bernal-Alvarado JJ. Portable device for magnetic stimulation: assessment survival and proliferation in human lymphocytes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:094701. [PMID: 24089844 DOI: 10.1063/1.4819796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A device's instrumentation for magnetic stimulation on human lymphocytes is presented. This is a new procedure to stimulate growing cells with ferrofluid in vortices of magnetic field. The stimulation of magnetic vortices was provided at five different frequencies, from 100 to 2500 Hz and intensities from 1.13 to 4.13 mT. To improve the stimulation effects, a paramagnetic ferrofluid was added on the cell culture medium. The results suggest that the frequency changes and the magnetic field variation produce an important increase in the number of proliferating cells as well as in the cellular viability. This new magnetic stimulation modality could trigger an intracellular mechanism to induce cell proliferation and cellular survival only on mitogen stimulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pérez
- Department of Physical Engineering - DCI, Universidad de Guanajuato campus León, Loma del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre, 37150 León, GTO, Mexico
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15
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Cho H, Choi YK, Lee DH, Park HJ, Seo YK, Jung H, Kim SC, Kim SM, Park JK. Effects of magnetic nanoparticle-incorporated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields on injured rat spinal cord. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 60:596-602. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Cho
- Research Institute of Biotechnology; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yun-Kyong Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
| | - Dong Heon Lee
- Advanced Functional Nanohybrid Material Lab, Department of Chemistry; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hee Jung Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Research Institute of Biotechnology; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun Jung
- Advanced Functional Nanohybrid Material Lab, Department of Chemistry; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
| | - Soo-Chan Kim
- Graduate School of Bio & Information Technology; Hankyong National University; Anseong-si Kyonggi-do Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jung-Keug Park
- Research Institute of Biotechnology; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
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Ledda M, Megiorni F, Pozzi D, Giuliani L, D’Emilia E, Piccirillo S, Mattei C, Grimaldi S, Lisi A. Non ionising radiation as a non chemical strategy in regenerative medicine: Ca(2+)-ICR "In Vitro" effect on neuronal differentiation and tumorigenicity modulation in NT2 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61535. [PMID: 23585910 PMCID: PMC3621667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine finding a new method for cell differentiation without pharmacological treatment or gene modification and minimal cell manipulation is a challenging goal. In this work we reported a neuronal induced differentiation and consequent reduction of tumorigenicity in NT2 human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells exposed to an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF), matching the cyclotron frequency corresponding to the charge/mass ratio of calcium ion (Ca(2+)-ICR). These cells, capable of differentiating into post-mitotic neurons following treatment with Retinoic Acid (RA), were placed in a solenoid and exposed for 5 weeks to Ca(2+)-ICR. The solenoid was installed in a μ-metal shielded room to avoid the effect of the geomagnetic field and obtained totally controlled and reproducible conditions. Contrast microscopy analysis reveled, in the NT2 exposed cells, an important change in shape and morphology with the outgrowth of neuritic-like structures together with a lower proliferation rate and metabolic activity alike those found in the RA treated cells. A significant up-regulation of early and late neuronal differentiation markers and a significant down-regulation of the transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and the fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4) were also observed in the exposed cells. The decreased protein expression of the transforming gene Cripto-1 and the reduced capability of the exposed NT2 cells to form colonies in soft agar supported these last results. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the Ca(2+)-ICR frequency is able to induce differentiation and reduction of tumorigenicity in NT2 exposed cells suggesting a new potential therapeutic use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Deleana Pozzi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Giuliani
- Department of Productive Plants and Interaction with the Environment, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Prevention, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico D’Emilia
- Department of Productive Plants and Interaction with the Environment, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Prevention, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Piccirillo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mattei
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Settimio Grimaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Foletti A, Grimaldi S, Lisi A, Ledda M, Liboff AR. Bioelectromagnetic medicine: the role of resonance signaling. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 32:484-99. [PMID: 23323834 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2012.743908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Only recently has the critical importance of electromagnetic (EM) field interactions in biology and medicine been recognized. We review the phenomenon of resonance signaling, discussing how specific frequencies modulate cellular function to restore or maintain health. The application of EM-tuned signals represents more than merely a new tool in information medicine. It can also be viewed in the larger context of EM medicine, the all-encompassing view that elevates the EM over the biochemical. The discovery by Zhadin that ultrasmall magnetic intensities are biologically significant suggests that EM signaling is endogenous to cell regulation, and consequently that the remarkable effectiveness of EM resonance treatments reflects a fundamental aspect of biological systems. The concept that organisms contain mechanisms for generating biologically useful electric signals is not new, dating back to the nineteenth century discovery of currents of injury by Matteucci. The corresponding modern-day version is that ion cyclotron resonance magnetic field combinations help regulate biological information. The next advance in medicine will be to discern and apply those EM signaling parameters acting to promote wellness, with decreasing reliance on marginal biochemical remediation and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Foletti
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology - CNR , Rome , Italy
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De Carlo F, Ledda M, Pozzi D, Pierimarchi P, Zonfrillo M, Giuliani L, D'Emilia E, Foletti A, Scorretti R, Grimaldi S, Lisi A. Nonionizing Radiation as a Noninvasive Strategy in Regenerative Medicine: The Effect of Ca2+-ICR on Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cell Growth and Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2248-58. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia De Carlo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Deleana Pozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Regina Elena, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Zonfrillo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Giuliani
- Instituto Superiore per la, Prevenzionie e Sicurezza sul Lavoro, Dipartimento Installazioni de Prodozione e Insediamenti Antropici (ISPESL-DIPIA), Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Emilia
- Instituto Superiore per la, Prevenzionie e Sicurezza sul Lavoro, Dipartimento Installazioni de Prodozione e Insediamenti Antropici (ISPESL-DIPIA), Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Foletti
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Scorretti
- Ampère-Lab-UMR 5005 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Settimio Grimaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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Cho H, Seo YK, Yoon HH, Kim SC, Kim SM, Song KY, Park JK. Neural stimulation on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1329-35. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Liboff AR. Electromagnetic vaccination. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:331-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cuccurazzu B, Leone L, Podda MV, Piacentini R, Riccardi E, Ripoli C, Azzena GB, Grassi C. Exposure to extremely low-frequency (50Hz) electromagnetic fields enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis in C57BL/6 mice. Exp Neurol 2010; 226:173-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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24
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Stefano GB, Teoh MB, Grant A, Reid C, Teoh H, Hughes TK. Electric Field Exposure Activates Immunocytes: Evidence for Calcium Dependency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379409030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lahijani MS, Nojooshi SE, Siadat SF. Light and Electron Microscope Studies of Effects of 50 Hz Electromagnetic Fields on Preincubated Chick Embryo. Electromagn Biol Med 2009; 26:83-98. [PMID: 17613036 DOI: 10.1080/15368370601185888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of an electromagnetic field (EMF) of 50 Hz, 1.33-7.32 mT on sections of preincubated white leghorn chicken embryos using light, SEM and TEM microscopes. Five hundred healthy, fresh, and fertilized eggs (55-65 g) were divided into three groups of experimental (n = 18-20), control (n = 60), and sham (n = 50). Experimental eggs (inside the coil) were exposed to 15 different intensities (1.33-7.32 mT) for morphological surveys and to the known most effective intensities for light, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. Sham groups were located inside the same coil with no exposure for 24 h before incubation. Control, sham, and experimental groups were then incubated in an incubator (38 +/- 0.5 degrees C, 60% humidity) for 4 days. At the end of this period, embryos were removed from their shells, prepared for morphometric, light, and SEM/TEM studies. Results of light microscopic studies (serial sections, 6mu) and morphometric data showed significant differences between different groups (P < 0.005). Larger and abnormal brain cavities, spina bifida, monophthalmia, microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and growth retardation were shown on SEM. TEM sections demonstrated that the nucleus was condensed, the nuclear envelope disappeared, and mitochondria degenerated. Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum were the least affected organelles. The Telencephlon was the most affected region, and the retina was altered more than the lens. We conclude that EMFs affect the brain, especially the Telencephalon and eye of preincubated-exposed chick embryo at the morphological and cellular level, nuclei are the most affected part, and our data agrees with "Ubeda's windows effects" of EMFs on preincubated chick embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shams Lahijani
- Department of Biology, University of Shahid - Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Bolognani L, Francia F, Venturelli T, Volpi N, Costato M. Fermentative Activity of Cold-Stressed Yeast and Effect of Electromagnetic Pulsed Field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379209012848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Petrini M, Mattii L, Sabbatini A, Carulli G, Grassi B, Cadossi R, Ronca G, Conte A. Multidrug Resistance and Electromagnetic Fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379009119809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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Bolognani L, Monte VD, Francia F, Venturelli T, Volpi N, Costato M. Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Pulsed Field Stimulation of Yeast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379209012847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Cossarizza A, Borghi V, Bersani F, Cantini M, Rienzo BD, Zucchini P, Montagnani G, Mussini D, Troiano L, Tropea F, Grassilli E, Monti-Biasi D, Franceschi C. Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on the Proliferation of Lymphocytes from Aids Patients, HIV-Seropositive Subjects, and Seronegative Drug Users. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378909020959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Petrini M, Polidori R, Ambrogi F, Vaglini F, Zaniol P, Ronca G, Conte A. Effects of Different Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Lymphocyte Activation: At which Cellular Level? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379009119803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Capri M, Scarcella E, Bianchi E, Fumelli C, Mesirca P, Agostini C, Remondini D, Schuderer J, Kuster N, Franceschi C, Bersani F. 1800 MHz radiofrequency (mobile phones, different Global System for Mobile communication modulations) does not affect apoptosis and heat shock protein 70 level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and old donors. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 80:389-97. [PMID: 15362692 DOI: 10.1080/09553000410001702346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study if prolonged in vitro exposure to 1800MHz radiofrequency (RF) could exert an effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from young and elderly donors by affecting apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Endpoints were analysed in the presence or absence of the apoptosis-inducing agent 2-deoxy-D-ribose. Three different signal modulations typical of the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) system were applied. The modulations are widely used in mobile telephony (GSM Basic, discontinuous transmission [DTX] and Talk) at specific absorption rates of 1.4 and 2.0 W kg(-1). RESULTS In all conditions and for all endpoints tested, there was no significant difference between RF- and sham-exposed cells. CONCLUSION 1800MHz RF could not induce apoptosis by itself or affect the apoptotic phenomenon when induced by an apoptotic agent. Moreover, RF did not modify the mitochondrial functionality and the expression of HSP 70.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Capri
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Section of Immunology, CIG-Centro Interdipartimentale L. Galvani, Via S. Giacomo 12, University of Bologna, Italy.
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Santini MT, Rainaldi G, Indovina PL. Cellular effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 85:294-313. [PMID: 19399675 DOI: 10.1080/09553000902781097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The major areas of research that have characterised investigation of the impact of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields on living systems in the past 50 years are discussed. In particular, selected studies examining the role of these fields in cancer, their effects on immune and nerve cells, and the positive influence of these ELF fields on bone and nerve cells, wound healing and ischemia/reperfusion injury are explored. CONCLUSIONS The literature indicates that there is still no general agreement on the exact biological detrimental effects of ELF fields, on the physical mechanisms that may be behind these effects or on the extent to which these effects may be harmful to humans. Nonetheless, the majority of the in vitro experimental results indicate that ELF fields induce numerous types of changes in cells. Whether or not the perturbations observed at the cellular level can be directly extrapolated to negative effects in humans is still unknown. However, the myriad of effects that ELF fields have on biological systems should not be ignored when evaluating risk to humans from these fields and, consequently, in passing appropriate legislation to safeguard both the general public and professionally-exposed workers. With regard to the positive effects of these fields, the possibility of testing further their efficacy in therapeutic protocols should also not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Santini
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena, Rome.
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Gaetani R, Ledda M, Barile L, Chimenti I, De Carlo F, Forte E, Ionta V, Giuliani L, D'Emilia E, Frati G, Miraldi F, Pozzi D, Messina E, Grimaldi S, Giacomello A, Lisi A. Differentiation of human adult cardiac stem cells exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 82:411-20. [PMID: 19228705 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Modulation of cardiac stem cell (CSC) differentiation with minimal manipulation is one of the main goals of clinical applicability of cell therapy for heart failure. CSCs, obtained from human myocardial bioptic specimens and grown as cardiospheres (CSps) and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), can engraft and partially regenerate the infarcted myocardium, as previously described. In this paper we assessed the hypothesis that exposure of CSps and CDCs to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs), tuned at Ca2+ ion cyclotron energy resonance (Ca2+-ICR), may drive their differentiation towards a cardiac-specific phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS A significant increase in the expression of cardiac markers was observed after 5 days of exposure to Ca2+-ICR in both human CSps and CDCs, as evidenced at transcriptional, translational, and phenotypical levels. Ca2+ mobilization among intracellular storages was observed and confirmed by compartmentalized analysis of Ca2+ fluorescent probes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ELF-EMFs tuned at Ca2+-ICR could be used to drive cardiac-specific differentiation in adult cardiac progenitor cells without any pharmacological or genetic manipulation of the cells that will be used for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gaetani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Piacentini R, Ripoli C, Mezzogori D, Azzena GB, Grassi C. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields promote in vitro neurogenesis via upregulation of Ca(v)1-channel activity. J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:129-39. [PMID: 17941084 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFEFs) increases the expression and function of voltage-gated Ca2+)channels and that Ca2+ influx through Ca(v)1 channels plays a key role in promoting the neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs). The present study was conducted to determine whether ELFEFs influence the neuronal differentiation of NSCs isolated from the brain cortices of newborn mice by modulating Ca(v)1-channel function. In cultures of differentiating NSCs exposed to ELFEFs (1 mT, 50 Hz), the percentage of cells displaying immunoreactivity for neuronal markers (beta-III-tubulin, MAP2) and for Ca(v)1.2 and Ca(v)1.3 channels was markedly increased. NSC-differentiated neurons in ELFEF-exposed cultures also exhibited significant increases in spontaneous firing, in the percentage of cells exhibiting Ca2+ transients in response to KCl stimulation, in the amplitude of these transients and of Ca2+ currents generated by the activation of Ca(v)1 channels. When the Ca(v)1-channel blocker nifedipine (5 microM) was added to the culture medium, the neuronal yield of NSC differentiation dropped significantly, and ELFEF exposure no longer produced significant increases in beta-III-tubulin- and MAP2-immunoreactivity rates. In contrast, the effects of ELFEFs were preserved when NSCs were cultured in the presence of either glutamate receptor antagonists or Ca(v)2.1- and Ca(v)2.2-channel blockers. ELFEF stimulation during the first 24 h of differentiation caused Ca(v)1-dependent increases in the number of cells displaying CREB phosphorylation. Our data suggest that ELFEF exposure promotes neuronal differentiation of NSCs by upregulating Ca(v)1-channel expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Catholic University S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Ventura C. CAM and cell fate targeting: molecular and energetic insights into cell growth and differentiation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2005; 2:277-83. [PMID: 16136206 PMCID: PMC1193541 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neh100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based medicine is switching from the analysis of single diseases at a time toward an integrated assessment of a diseased person. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) offers multiple holistic approaches, including osteopathy, homeopathy, chiropractic, acupuncture, herbal and energy medicine and meditation, all potentially impacting on major human diseases. It is now becoming evident that acupuncture can modify the expression of different endorphin genes and the expression of genes encoding for crucial transcription factors in cellular homeostasis. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields have been found to prime the commitment to a myocardial lineage in mouse embryonic stem cells, suggesting that magnetic energy may direct stem cell differentiation into specific cellular phenotypes without the aid of gene transfer technologies. This finding may pave the way to novel approaches in tissue engineering and regeneration. Different ginseng extracts have been shown to modulate growth and differentiation in pluripotent cells and to exert wound-healing and antitumor effects through opposing activities on the vascular system, prompting the hypothesis that ancient compounds may be the target for new logics in cell therapy. These observations and the subtle entanglement among different CAM systems suggest that CAM modalities may deeply affect both the signaling and transcriptional level of cellular homeostasis. Such a perception holds promises for a new era in CAM, prompting reproducible documentation of biological responses to CAM-related strategies and compounds. To this end, functional genomics and proteomics and the comprehension of the cell signaling networks may substantially contribute to the development of a molecular evidence-based CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ventura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems and Institute of Cardiology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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Chionna A, Tenuzzo B, Panzarini E, Dwikat MB, Abbro L, Dini L. Time dependent modifications of Hep G2 cells during exposure to static magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2005; 26:275-86. [PMID: 15832333 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Morphological modifications, i.e., cell shape, cell surface sugar residues, cytoskeleton, and apoptosis of Hep G2 cells during 24 h exposure to 6 mT static magnetic field (static MF) were studied by means of light and electron microscopy and cytochemistry. Progressive modifications of cell shape and surface were observed during the entire period of exposure to static MF. Control cells were polyhedric with short microvilli covering the cell surface, while those exposed to static MF, were elongated with many irregular microvilli randomly distributed on the cell surface. At the end of the exposure period, the cells had a less flat shape due to partial detachment from the culture dishes. However, throughout the period of exposure under investigation, the morphology of the organelles remained unmodified and cell proliferation was only partially affected. In parallel with cell shape changes, the microfilaments and microtubules, as well as the quantity and distribution of surface ConA-FITC and Ricinus communnis-FITC labeling sites, were modified in a time dependent manner. Apoptosis, which was almost negligible at the beginning of experiment, increased to about 20% after 24 h of continuous exposure. The induction of apoptosis was likely due to the increment of [Ca2+]i during exposure. In conclusion, the data reported in the present work indicates that 6 mT static MF exposure exerts time dependent biological effects on Hep G2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina Chionna
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
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Cossarizza A, Monti D, Montagnani G, Ortolani C, Masi M, Zannotti M, Franceschi C. Precocious aging of the immune system in Down syndrome: alteration of B lymphocytes, T-lymphocyte subsets, and cells with natural killer markers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. SUPPLEMENT 2005; 7:213-8. [PMID: 2149950 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320370743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenotype and proliferative ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 noninstitutionalized children affected with Down Syndrome (DS), in apparently good health, were studied and compared with those of 16 healthy control children of the same age. A complex derangement of all the major peripheral blood cell subsets, i.e., B cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, was present in DS children. A significant decrease of the absolute number of circulating lymphocytes, a marked and significant decrease of B lymphocyte absolute number and percentage, and dramatic modifications of the T-cell subsets were observed. The absolute number of CD4+ cells was significantly decreased, whereas CD8+ cells increased significantly in percentage but not in absolute number. A derangement of cells bearing markers associated with NK activity, such as CD57, CD16, and CD56, was observed. Among the most important alterations, the presence of a high number of CD57+, CD16- cells, of CD57+, CD8+ lymphocytes, and of CD3+, CD56+ lymphocytes was seen. Many of these alterations are similar to those characteristic of chromosomally normal subjects of advanced age. The hypothesis that the reduced thymic endocrine activity and the zinc deficiency characteristic of DS are responsible for the derangement of T and NK subsets is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cossarizza
- Department of Immunology, University of Modena School of Medicine, Italy
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Tarantino P, Lanubile R, Lacalandra G, Abbro L, Dini L. Post-continuous whole body exposure of rabbits to 650 MHz electromagnetic fields: effects on liver, spleen, and brain. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2005; 44:51-59. [PMID: 15812656 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-005-0274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the effects of post (12 or 18 months) whole body continuous (2 years) exposure of rabbits to 650 MHz electromagnetic fields (EMF) that are characteristic of those produced by broadcasting stations, on body weight and body mass, on the morphology of liver, spleen and brain, and on apoptosis rates and glycogen distribution in the liver. Two groups of rabbits were continuously exposed for 2 years to EMF of 650 MHz followed by 12 months (group 1) or 18 months (group 2) of post-exposure; a third group (group 3) was sham exposed. It was shown that the changes in apoptosis rates were conditional during the time of exposure, but not on a specific organ and that the whole body continuous exposure gave rise to modifications whose types and intensities were related to the time of post-exposure (12 or 18 months, respectively), the type of organ, and the individual animal. A number of effects were observed only in group 1, and not in group 2, which suggests some kind of adaptive response or of long-term recovery in the rabbits following continuous exposure to 650 MHz EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Tarantino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Dini L, Abbro L. Bioeffects of moderate-intensity static magnetic fields on cell cultures. Micron 2005; 36:195-217. [PMID: 15725590 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2004.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Revised: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of static magnetic fields (SMFs) with living organisms is a rapidly growing field of investigation. However, despite the increasing number of studies on the effects of the interaction of SMFs with living organisms, many gaps in our knowledge still remain. One reason why it is extremely important to deeply understand the true mode of action of MFs on living organisms, is the need to protect human health in consideration of the probable future introduction of new technologies such as magnetically levitated trains and the therapeutical use of MFs (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, coupling of MF exposure with chemotherapy). The lack of knowledge of the morphological modifications brought about by exposure to moderate-intensity SMFs prompted us to investigate the bioeffects of 6mT SMFs on different cell types, by means of light and electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and immuno- or cytochemistry. In the present article we report our own and other data from the literature on the morphological studies of the bioeffects of moderate-intensity SMFs. We focus on morphological modifications related to cell shape, cell surface, cytoskeleton, and plasma membrane expression of molecules and carbohydrate residues. The effects of exposure to moderate-intensity SMF for 24 or 48 h, on apoptosis, on apoptotic related gene products, on macrophagic differentiation and on phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in primary cell cultures (transformed or stabilized cell lines) will be also discussed. Moderate-intensity (6mT) SMFs induced modifications of cell shape, cell surface and cytoskeleton, progressively achieved during the entire period of exposure. In general, at the end of the exposure period, the cells had a less flat shape due to partial detachment from the culture dishes or a more round-elongated shape (in relation to adhesion growth or in suspension growth respectively) with many irregular lamellar microvilli, while the morphology of the organelles remained unmodified. In parallel with cell shape changes, the microfilaments and microtubules, as well as the quantity and distribution of surface ConA-FITC and Ricinus Comm.-FITC labelling sites, were modified in a time-dependent manner. Apoptosis was influenced in a cell type-dependent manner: for some cells spontaneous apoptosis decreased while, for others, it increased to about 20% after 24h of continuous exposure. The induction of apoptosis was likely due to the increment of [Ca(2+)]i during exposure. Cell proliferation was only slightly affected. Indeed, in addition to the cell type, the time of exposure was also an important factor in the intensity of the effects produced. Both apoptotic rate and cell and surface shape were influenced by exposure to SMFs when simultaneously administered with apoptogenic drugs. Apoptotic cells were cleared by an efficient and fast process of phagocytosis mediated by specific epitopes, externalized during the formation of the apoptotic cells, on the dead cells and by specific receptors on the phagocytes (both "professional" and "nonprofessional"). The recognition of apoptotic lymphocytes as well as of control cells exposed for at least 24h to 6mT SMF by liver sinusoidal cells was influenced by the cell surface modifications which both apoptotic or normal exposed cells underwent during the induction of apoptosis or SMF exposure. The degree of macrophagic differentiation of human pro-monocytic U937 cells induced by phorbol ester was decreased by exposure to 6mT SMFs, with a consequent fall in cell adhesion and increased polarization of pseudopodia and cytoplasmic protrusions. Differentiation alone, or in combination with exposure to SMFs, affects distribution and quantity of cell surface carbohydrate residues, surface expression of markers of macrophage differentiation, and phagocytic capability. The increasing amount of data reporting on the bioeffects of SMFs is leading researchers to an understanding of how important it is to fully understand the mode of action of MFs on living organisms. Indeed, even if the perturbations of biological systems by SMFs are sublethal at shorter times of exposure, these perturbations could, especially at longer times of exposure, evolve into a progressive accumulation of modifications, whose ultimate effects still need to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Enviromental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Harakawa S, Inoue N, Hori T, Tochio K, Kariya T, Takahashi K, Doge F, Martin DE, Saito A, Suzuki H, Nagasawa H. Effects of Exposure to a 50Hz Electric Field on Plasma Levels of Lactate, Glucose, Free Fatty Acids, Triglycerides and Creatine Phosphokinase Activity in Hind-Limb Ischemic Rats. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:969-74. [PMID: 16276051 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that extremely low frequency electric fields (ELF-EFs) affect energy metabolism in stressed conditions. To further confirm this, the effect of exposure to ELF-EFs on the experimental ischemic rat was examined. The test was based on a comparison of rats treated with EF alone, ischemic surgery alone, the combination of EF with ischemic surgery, or no treatment (double sham). The EF condition used in this study was an alternating current of 50 Hz EF at 17 500 V/m intensity for 15 min per day. The exposure to EF in ischemic rats significantly decreased plasma levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides, compared to those of the no treatment or EF alone group. The plasma lactate levels of two ischemic groups peaked on experimental day-4 and gradually decreased until the end of the study. The changes in the lactate levels induced by ischemia did not show any difference between rats treated with ischemia alone or a combination of ischemia with an EF. Any changes in plasma levels of glucose and creatine phosphokinase activity were not influenced by EF treatment. These results indicate that the EF effect on glycolysis parameters, plasma lactate or glucose levels, does not appear in a highly stressed condition and that EF effects varied dependent on the condition of organism but ELF-EF used in this study have impact on lipid metabolism parameter in a hind-limb ischemic rat. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the association of ELF-EF with the lipid metabolism system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Harakawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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Capri M, Scarcella E, Fumelli C, Bianchi E, Salvioli S, Mesirca P, Agostini C, Antolini A, Schiavoni A, Castellani G, Bersani F, Franceschi C. In vitro exposure of human lymphocytes to 900 MHz CW and GSM modulated radiofrequency: studies of proliferation, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential. Radiat Res 2004; 162:211-8. [PMID: 15387149 DOI: 10.1667/rr3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the nonthermal effects of radiofrequency (RF) fields on human immune cells exposed to a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) signal generated by a commercial cellular phone and by a sinusoidal non-modulated signal. To assess whether mobile phone RF-field exposure affects human immune cell functions, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were exposed in vitro to a 900 MHz GSM or continuous-wave (CW) RF field 1 h/day for 3 days in a transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) cell system (70-76 mW/kg average specific absorption rate, SAR). The cells were cultured for 48 or 72 h, and the following end points were studied: (1) mitogen-induced proliferation; (2) cell cycle progression; (3) spontaneous and 2-deoxy-D-ribose (dRib)-induced apoptosis; (4) mitochondrial membrane potential modifications during spontaneous and dRib-induced-apoptosis. Data obtained from cells exposed to a GSM-modulated RF field showed a slight decrease in cell proliferation when PBMCs were stimulated with the lowest mitogen concentration and a slight increase in the number of cells with altered distribution of phosphatidylserine across the membrane. On the other hand, cell cycle phases, mitochondrial membrane potential and susceptibility to apoptosis were found to be unaffected by the RF field. When cells were exposed to a CW RF field, no significant modifications were observed in comparison with sham-exposed cells for all the end points investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Section of Immunology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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42
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Capri M, Mesirca P, Remondini D, Carosella S, Pasi S, Castellani G, Franceschi C, Bersani F. 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields do not affect human lymphocyte activation and proliferationin vitro. Phys Biol 2004; 1:211-9. [PMID: 16204841 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3967/1/4/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last 30 years, an increasing public concern about the possible harmful effects of electromagnetic fields generated by power lines and domestic appliances has pushed the scientific community to search for a correct and comprehensive answer to this problem. In this work the effects of exposure to 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields, with a magnetic flux density of 0.05 mT and 2.5 mT (peak values), were studied on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from healthy young and elderly donors. Cell activation and proliferation were investigated by using flow cytometry techniques and 3H-TdR incorporation assays, respectively. The results obtained indicated that exposure to the fields altered neither DNA synthesis nor the capacity of lymphocytes to enter the activation phase and progress into the cell cycle. Thus, the conclusions are that two important functional phases of human lymphocytes, such as activation and proliferation, are not affected by exposures to 50 Hz magnetic fields similar to those found under power lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Via S Giacomo 12, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Ventura C, Maioli M, Asara Y, Santoni D, Mesirca P, Remondini D, Bersani F. Turning on stem cell cardiogenesis with extremely low frequency magnetic fields. FASEB J 2004; 19:155-7. [PMID: 15507470 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2695fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of stem cell differentiation is an important assignment for cellular engineering. Embryonic stem (ES) cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes, but the efficiency is typically low. Here, we show that exposure of mouse ES cells to extremely low frequency magnetic fields triggered the expression of GATA-4 and Nkx-2.5, acting as cardiac lineage-promoting genes in different animal species, including humans. Magnetic fields also enhanced prodynorphin gene expression, and the synthesis and secretion of dynorphin B, an endorphin playing a major role in cardiogenesis. These effects occurred at the transcriptional level and ultimately ensued into a remarkable increase in the yield of ES-derived cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrate the potential use of magnetic fields for modifying the gene program of cardiac differentiation in ES cells without the aid of gene transfer technologies and may pave the way for novel approaches in tissue engineering and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ventura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Lee KM, Kim KS, Park CU. Activity and Stability of Alcohol Oxidase from Hansenula sp. by Electrostimulation. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2004. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2004.48.2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Harakawa S, Inoue N, Saito A, Doge F, Nagasawa H, Suzuki N, Martin DE. 60 Hz electric field upregulates cytosolic Ca2+ level in mouse splenocytes stimulated by lectin. Bioelectromagnetics 2004; 25:204-10. [PMID: 15042629 DOI: 10.1002/bem.10187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a 60 Hz electric field (EF) on alteration of cytosolic free Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]c) was examined in mouse splenocytes stimulated by lectins, namely concanavalin A (ConA) or phytohemagglutinin. In order to understand the role of EF on alterations in [Ca2+]c and to determine whether EF exposure increased cell mortality the splenocytes were cultured under the 60 Hz EFs producing current densities of 6 or 60 microA/cm2 for 30 min or 24 h. Cell mortality was less than 2% in experimental all conditions. [Ca2+]c in the splenocyte was not changed by the 6 microA/cm2 exposure alone, while a lectin-induced [Ca2+]c elevation in the EF exposed cells was significantly higher than that of the sham exposed cells (P <.05: ANOVA, P <.05: paired t-test). Moreover, the enhanced increase of [Ca2+]c in the EF exposed, lectin stimulated cells was only observed in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The EF dependent upregulation of [Ca2+]c persisted after EF exposure (P <.05: paired t-test). The results clearly indicate that Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane is responsible for the enhanced increase of [Ca2+]c in the EF exposed, lectin stimulated cells and that EF has persistent effect on the cells. Although the precise mechanisms of the EF dependent upregulation of [Ca2+]c is not fully elucidated, the present results demonstrate that the 60 Hz EF (6 microA/cm2) affects [Ca2+]c during cell activation via a Ca2+ influx pathway induced by lectin stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Harakawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Ikeda K, Shinmura Y, Mizoe H, Yoshizawa H, Yoshida A, Kanao S, Sumitani H, Hasebe S, Motomura T, Yamakawa T, Mizuno F, Otaka Y, Hirose H. No effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields found on cytotoxic activities and cytokine production of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics 2003; 24:21-31. [PMID: 12483662 DOI: 10.1002/bem.10062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs) and cancer in adults and children. A possible target of MFs is the immune system. The effects of the exposure to ELF MFs on the immunological functions of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy male volunteers were assessed by measuring the natural killer (NK) and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) activities and the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). The PBMCs were exposed to three different MF: linearly polarized (vertical), circularly polarized, and elliptically polarized, at 50 and 60 Hz. Magnetic flux densities were set at 500, 100, 20, and 2 microT (rms) for vertical field and at 500 microT (rms) for the rotating fields. Using cytotoxicity assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for cytokine production, we could not find any effects of ELF MFs on the cytotoxic activities and the cytokines production of human PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ikeda
- Technical Research Center, The Kansai Electric Power Company, Inc, Amagasaki, Japan
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De Mattei M, Caruso A, Pezzetti F, Pellati A, Stabellini G, Sollazzo V, Traina GC. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on human articular chondrocyte proliferation. Connect Tissue Res 2002; 42:269-79. [PMID: 11913771 DOI: 10.3109/03008200109016841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-energy, low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) can induce cell proliferation in several cell culture models. In this work we analysed the proliferative response of human articular chondrocytes, cultured in medium containing 10% FBS, following prolonged exposure to PEMFs (75 Hz, 2.3 mT), currently used in the treatment of some orthopaedic pathologies. In particular, we investigated the dependence of the proliferative effects on the cell density, the availability of growth factors and the exposure lengths. We observed that PEMFs can induce cell proliferation of low density chondrocyte cultures for a long time (6 days), when fresh serum is added again in the culture medium. In the same conditions, in high density cultures, the PEMF-induced increase in cell proliferation was observed only in the first three days of exposure. The data presented in this study show that the availability of growth factors and the environmental constrictions strongly condition the cellular proliferative response to PEMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Mattei
- Dipartimento di Morfologia ed Embriologia, Università di Ferrara, Italy
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Cañedo-Dorantes L, García-Cantú R, Barrera R, Méndez-Ramírez I, Navarro VH, Serrano G. Healing of chronic arterial and venous leg ulcers through systemic effects of electromagnetic fields [corrected]. Arch Med Res 2002; 33:281-9. [PMID: 12031635 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(02)00357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells applied locally on the ulcer surface promote healing of chronic arterial and venous leg ulcers. In vitro, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF) interact with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) via Ca++ channels, activating signal transduction cascades, promoting cytokine synthesis, and changing cell proliferation patterns. METHODS ELF frequencies were configured to interact in vitro with the proliferation patterns of PBMC obtained from normal human volunteers. These ELF were then applied peripherally as the sole treatment to 26 patients with 42 chronic leg ulcers of predominantly arterial or venous etiology unresponsive to previous medical and/or surgical treatments in a phase I before-after design. RESULTS At admission, age of ulcers had a skewed distribution with a median of 639 days. Wound healing or deleterious effects began in all patients during the first 2 weeks after ELF exposure, permitting their previously unresponsive ulcers to function as internal controls. After ELF exposure, 69% of all lesions were cured or healed >50% in a period <4 months. Defective wound healing was observed in lesions associated with important arterial occlusion, uncontrolled arterial hypertension, severe lipodermatosclerosis, non-pitting edema, and obesity (body mass index >30). Lesions worsened in patients with autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSIONS Systemic effects are hypothetically explained by ELF activation of PBMC and their subsequent transportation to the ulcer site via humoral route. This therapy is effective in selected patients with chronic arterial and venous leg ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cañedo-Dorantes
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Secretaría de Salud (SSA), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Macrì MA, Di Luzio S, Di Luzio S. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2002; 15:95-105. [PMID: 12590871 DOI: 10.1177/039463200201500204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, concerns about hazards from electromagnetic fields represent an alarming source for human lives in technologically developed countries. We are surrounded by electromagnetic fields everywhere we spend our working hours, rest or recreational activities. The aim of this review is to summarize the biological effects due to these fields arising from power and transmission lines, electrical cable splices, electronic devices inside our homes and work-places, distribution networks and associated devices such as cellular telephones and wireless communication tower, etc. Special care has been reserved to study the biological effects of electromagnetic fields on cell lines of the mammalian immune system about which our research group has been working for several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Macrì
- Dip. Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia, INFM, University of Rome, Italy
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50
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Robison JG, Pendleton AR, Monson KO, Murray BK, O'Neill KL. Decreased DNA repair rates and protection from heat induced apoptosis mediated by electromagnetic field exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 2002; 23:106-12. [PMID: 11835257 DOI: 10.1002/bem.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure results in protection from heat induced apoptosis in human cancer cell lines in a time dependent manner. Apoptosis protection was determined by growing HL-60, HL-60R, and Raji cell lines in a 0.15 mT 60 Hz sinusoidal EMF for time periods between 4 and 24 h. After induction of apoptosis, cells were analyzed by the neutral comet assay to determine the percentage of apoptotic cells. To discover the duration of this protection, cells were grown in the EMF for 24 h and then removed for 24 to 48 h before heat shock and neutral comet assays were performed. Our results demonstrate that EMF exposure offers significant protection from apoptosis (P<.0001 for HL-60 and HL-60R, P<.005 for Raji) after 12 h of exposure and that protection can last up to 48 h after removal from the EMF. In this study we further demonstrate the effect of the EMF on DNA repair rates. DNA repair data were gathered by exposing the same cell lines to the EMF for 24 h before damaging the exposed cells and non-exposed cells with H2O2. Cells were allowed to repair for time periods between 0 and 15 min before analysis using the alkaline comet assay. Results showed that EMF exposure significantly decreased DNA repair rates in HL-60 and HL-60R cell lines (P<.001 and P<.01 respectively), but not in the Raji cell line. Importantly, our apoptosis results show that a minimal time exposure to an EMF is needed before observed effects. This may explain previous studies showing no change in apoptosis susceptibility and repair rates when treatments and EMF exposure were administered concurrently. More research is necessary, however, before data from this in vitro study can be applied to in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Robison
- Department of Microbiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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