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Yin L, Li L, Gao M, Qi Y, Xu L, Peng J. circMIRIAF aggravates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via targeting miR-544/WDR12 axis. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103175. [PMID: 38795544 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring and discovering novel circRNAs is one of the ways to develop innovative drugs for the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI). In the work, some dysregulated circRNAs were found by microarray screening analysis in AC16 cells, and hsa_circRNA_104852 named circMIRIAF was screened, which was up-regulated in AC16 cells damaged by hypoxia-reoxygenation injury (H/RI). The comprehensive analysis of ceRNA network revealed the potential relationship of circMIRIAF/miR-544/WDR12. Then, the results of interaction research confirmed that circMIRIAF acted as sponge of miR-544 to positively regulate WDR12 protein expression. Further, the validation results indicate that miR-544 silencing increased the expression of WDR12, and WDR12 activated Notch1 signal to aggravate H/RI of AC16 cells and MI/RI of mice via regulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, silencing circMIRIAF caused the decreased circMIRIAF levels and the increased miR-544 levels in cardiomyocytes, while excessive miR-544 inhibited WDR12 expression to alleviate the disorder. On the contrary, excessive circMIRIAF increased WDR12 expression by adsorbing miR-544 to exacerbate H/RI in AC16 cells. In addition, circMIRIAF siRNA reversed the aggravation of H/RI in cells caused by WDR12 overexpression. Overall, circMIRIAF can serve as a drug target or treating MI/RI, and circMIRIAF could sponge miR-544 and enhance WDR12 expression to aggravate MI/RI, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for MI/RI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhong Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China; College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Wallert M, Ziegler M, Wang X, Maluenda A, Xu X, Yap ML, Witt R, Giles C, Kluge S, Hortmann M, Zhang J, Meikle P, Lorkowski S, Peter K. α-Tocopherol preserves cardiac function by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101292. [PMID: 31419755 PMCID: PMC6831864 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and new treatment strategies are highly sought-after. Paradoxically, reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium, as achieved with early percutaneous intervention, results in substantial damage to the heart (ischemia/reperfusion injury) caused by cell death due to aggravated inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Chronic therapy with vitamin E is not effective in reducing the cardiovascular event rate, presumably through failing to reduce atherosclerotic plaque instability. Notably, acute treatment with vitamin E in patients suffering a MI has not been systematically investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS We applied alpha-tocopherol (α-TOH), the strongest anti-oxidant form of vitamin E, in murine cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 60 min. α-TOH significantly reduced infarct size, restored cardiac function as measured by ejection fraction, fractional shortening, cardiac output, and stroke volume, and prevented pathological changes as assessed by state-of-the-art strain and strain-rate analysis. Cardioprotective mechanisms identified, include a decreased infiltration of neutrophils into cardiac tissue and a systemic anti-inflammatory shift from Ly6Chigh to Ly6Clow monocytes. Furthermore, we found a reduction in myeloperoxidase expression and activity, as well as a decrease in reactive oxygen species and the lipid peroxidation markers phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0)-9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE) and PC(16:0)-13-HODE) within the infarcted tissue. CONCLUSION Overall, α-TOH inhibits ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses, and ultimately preserves cardiac function. Therefore, our study provides a strong incentive to test vitamin E as an acute therapy in patients suffering a MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wallert
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie Ziegler
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ana Maluenda
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiaoqiu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - May Lin Yap
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roman Witt
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Corey Giles
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcus Hortmann
- Department for Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peter Meikle
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
The present study assessed the antioxidant properties of α -tocopherol, α -tocotrienol, and palm oil vitamin E, which contained 45% tocopherols and 55% tocotrienols. When vitamin E-deficient rats were fed either α -tocopherol- or α -tocotrienol-enriched diets, α -tocotrienol accumulated in the hearts and liver more slowly than α -tocopherol. The rate of lipid peroxidation induced in vitro in heart homogenate from rats supplemented with α -tocotrienol was approximately two-thirds as high as that from rats with an equivalent concentration of α -tocopherol. Thus palm oil vitamin E may be more efficient than α -tocopherol alone in protecting the heart against injury from ischaemia and reperfusion. In addition, supplementation with α -tocopherol or α -tocotrienol protects skeletal muscles against exercise-induced increases in protein oxidation Thus palm oil vitamin E protects biological systems against both lipid and protein oxidation.
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Owens DJ. Nutritional Support to Counteract Muscle Atrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:483-495. [PMID: 30390266 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is an important factor contributing to muscle atrophy. Both underfeeding and obesity have negative consequences for the preservation of muscle mass and function. In addition, adequate nutrition on an exercise background is an efficacious strategy to counteract the severity of muscle loss associated with numerous clinical muscle wasting conditions. As such, significant research efforts have been dedicated to identifying optimal calorie control and the requirements of particular macro- and micronutrients in attenuating muscle atrophy. This chapter will explore current nutrition strategies with robust evidence to counteract muscle atrophy with a particular focus on protein, as well presenting evidence for other promising emergent strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel John Owens
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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Modulatory effect of vanillic acid on antioxidant status in high fat diet-induced changes in diabetic hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:640-652. [PMID: 28088113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide incidence of diabetes has increased dramatically along with widespread lifestyle and dietary changes. Diets high in fat are strongly associated with the development of obesity and can induce insulin resistance in humans and animals. It is clear that obesity constitutes a risk factor for contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential action of vanillic acid on diabetes associated complications using a rat model. Rats were made diabetic hypertensive by high fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks and were treated with vanillic acid (50mg/kg bw) for last 8 weeks. The effects of vanillic acid on glucose, plasma insulin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxides as a lipid peroxidation marker, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E as an antioxidant marker, AST and ALT as a liver function marker, urea, uric acid and creatinine as a kidney function marker were investigated. Histopathology of liver and kidney was also investigated as part of the pathology of diabetes. Treatment of diabetic rats with oral administration of vanillic acid at a dose of 50mgkg/body weight for 8 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose, insulin and blood pressure levels in comparison with diabetic control group. The antioxidant activities were significantly increased and the levels of lipid peroxidation markers were significantly decreased in diabetic hypertensive rats treated with vanillic acid. These results suggest that vanillic acid offer a modulatory effect on control of diabetic hypertension by reduction of blood glucose, insulin and blood pressure, combating oxidative stress by activation of tissue antioxidants.
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Huang L, Ma W, Ma Y, Feng D, Chen H, Cai B. Exosomes in mesenchymal stem cells, a new therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases? Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:238-45. [PMID: 25632267 PMCID: PMC4308409 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still a major cause of people deaths worldwide, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation holds great promise due to its capacity to differentiate into cardiovascular cells and secrete protective cytokines, which presents an important mechanism of MSCs therapy for CVDs. Although the capability of MSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMCs), endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been well recognized in massive previous experiments both in vitro and in vivo, low survival rate of transplanted MSCs in recipient hearts suggests that therapeutic effects of MSCs transplantation might be also correlated with other underlying mechanisms. Notably, recent studies uncovered that MSCs were able to secret cholesterol-rich, phospholipid exosomes which were enriched with microRNAs (miRNAs). The released exosomes from MSCs acted on hearts and vessels, and then exerted anti-apoptosis, cardiac regeneration, anti-cardiac remodeling, anti-inflammatory effects, neovascularization and anti-vascular remodeling, which are considered as novel molecular mechanisms of therapeutic potential of MSCs transplantation. Here we summarized recent advances about the role of exosomes in MSCs therapy for CVDs, and discussed exosomes as a novel approach in the treatment of CVDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenya Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yidi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China
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Ranjbar A, Mohsenzadeh F, Baeeri M. Hepatoprotective Effects of Vitamin E Against Malathion-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rat Liver. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.17795/ajmb-18321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Vitamin E modulates apoptosis and c-jun N-terminal kinase activation in ovarian torsion-detorsion injury. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:213-9. [PMID: 23911905 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of vitamin E in follicular degeneration and to assess histopathological and biochemical changes following ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rat ovaries. Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, 4h torsion, 24h detorsion, and a vitamin E group. Thirty minutes before detorsion, a single dose of 200mg/kg vitamin E was administered intraperitoneally. The ovarian histology score was determined, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. The apoptosis of granulosa cells and the phospho-c-jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and phospho-p38 (p-p38) immunoreactivities of these cells were determined. MDA and MPO levels were significantly increased in the torsion and detorsion groups. Hemorrhage, edema, and congestion were also apparent in these groups. In addition, the apoptotic index and the immunoreactivity of p-JNK were highest in the detorsion group, which also showed marked follicular degeneration. However, p-p38 activity was not affected by torsion-detorsion (TD) induction. Vitamin E ameliorated TD-induced histological alterations. It also decreased serum levels of MDA and MPO, reduced the activity of p-JNK in the ovaries, and reduced numbers of apoptotic follicular cells. In conclusion, these data indicate that vitamin E attenuated ovarian follicular degeneration by inhibiting the immunoreactivity of p-JNK and reducing the apoptosis of granulosa cells.
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Radhiga T, Rajamanickam C, Sundaresan A, Ezhumalai M, Pugalendi KV. Effect of ursolic acid treatment on apoptosis and DNA damage in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Biochimie 2012; 94:1135-42. [PMID: 22289617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of ursolic acid (UA) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO) (85 mg/kg BW), for two consecutive days. ISO-induced rats showed elevated levels of cardiac troponins T (cTn T) and I (cTn I) and increased activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in serum. Lipid peroxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and lipid hydroperoxides (HP)) elevated in the plasma and heart tissue whereas decreased activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR)) in erythrocytes and heart tissue of ISO-induced rats. Non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione (GSH)) levels were decreased significantly in the plasma and heart tissue of ISO-induced rats. Furthermore, ISO-induced rats showed increased DNA fragmentation, upregulations of myocardial pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 associated-x (Bax), caspase-3, -8 and -9, cytochrome c, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Fas and down-regulated expressions of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL). UA-administered rats showed decreased levels/activity of cardiac markers, DNA fragmentation and the levels of lipid peroxidative markers in the plasma and heart tissue. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants were increased significantly in the erythrocytes and heart tissue and also non-enzymatic antioxidants levels were increased significantly in the plasma and heart tissue in UA-administered rats. UA influenced decreased DNA fragmentation and an apoptosis by upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and down-regulation of Bax, caspase-3, -8 and -9, cytochrome c, TNF-α, Fas through mitochondrial pathway. Histopathological observations were also found in line with biochemical parameters. Thus, results of the present study demonstrated that the UA has anti-apoptotic properties in ISO-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaiyan Radhiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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Perrotti V, Piattelli A, Piccirilli M, Bianchi G, Di Giulio C, Artese L. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression (VEGF) in salivary glands of diabetic rats. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008; 20:55-60. [PMID: 17897503 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702001s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the salivary glands of diabetic rats. Our study was carried out on 1 group of male Wistar rats and 1 group of male Bio Breeding Wistar (BB/W) pre-diabetic rats. The first group (control) was composed of 11 rats (4 months old), and the other (test) of 11 rats (4 months old) which showed diabetes at day 85 of life. This kind of diabetes can be compared to human diabetes mellitus type 1. The submandibular glands were removed and processed for immunohistochemical analysis of VEGF. Diabetes increased salivary gland VEGF expression in the rats. The tissues analyzed (vascular endothelium, ductal endothelium, mucinous glands) always expressed VEGF, thus demonstrating that not only vascular endothelial cells, but also the other elements evaluated, have a role in the neoangiogenesis process. In both control and diabetic rats, the VEGF expression was constantly negative only in serous acini; thus demonstrating that serous acini are not involved in the neoangiogenetic processes. The vascular growth is a fundamental part of normal salivary gland development, therefore we speculate that strategies aimed at preservation or promotion of salivary gland VEGF expression may mitigate or attenuate diabetic-induced gland microvascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Perrotti
- Department of Stomatology and Oral Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Kim SH, Hyun SH, Choung SY. Antioxidative effects of Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea extracts in liver of diabetic mice. Biofactors 2006; 26:209-19. [PMID: 16971752 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520260306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Both Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea extracts are used as anti-diabetic folk medicines. Recently, increased oxidative stress was shown to play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications. This study was designed to examine the effects of Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea extracts on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, the level of reduced glutathione and its related enzymes (glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase), and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the liver of db/db mice. Diabetic C57BL/Ks db/db mice were used as experimental models. Mice were divided into control (n=10), Cinnamomi cassiae (200 mg/kg/day, n=10), and Rhodiola rosea (200 mg/kg/day, n=10) treated groups for 12 weeks of treatment. These type II diabetic mice were used to investigate the effects of Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea on blood glucose, reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea extracts significantly decreased on blood glucose, increased levels of reduced glutathione and the activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in the liver. Extract treatment also significantly decreased lipid peroxidation. Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea extracts may be effective for correcting hyperglycemia and preventing diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Kim
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Nogueira FN, Carvalho AM, Yamaguti PM, Nicolau J. Antioxidant parameters and lipid peroxidation in salivary glands of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 353:133-9. [PMID: 15698600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2004] [Revised: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence suggesting an unbalance between oxidant and antioxidant status associated with diabetes. Considering that salivary function is essential for the maintenance of oral and systemic health, this study was designed to examine the levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, in salivary gland of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS The content of malondialdehyde was determined in the blood and in the salivary glands. The antioxidant status was investigated in the submandibular and parotid salivary glands. RESULTS Diabetic rats showed an increase in the content of malonaldehyde in the blood and in the submandibular salivary gland, but not in the parotid gland. Both forms, reduced and oxidized glutathione content present higher values in the diabetic submandibular gland compared with controls. No difference in the activity of superoxide dismutase between the diabetic and control glands was observed in either gland. Catalase showed higher specific activity in the parotid gland of the diabetic rats than control; however, in the submandibular gland, only when expressed as unit per gland was it higher than control. The specific activity of glutathione peroxidase was higher in the diabetic parotid gland than control; however, in the submandibular gland, its activity per gland was lower than controls. CONCLUSION The streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats caused different results comparing the submandibular and parotid salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando N Nogueira
- Oral Biology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, Brasil
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Loong CC, Chang YH, Wu TH, King KL, Yang WC, Wu CW, Lui WY. Antioxidant supplementation may improve renal transplant function: A preliminary report. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:2438-9. [PMID: 15561272 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the renal graft may not only be due to rejection but also other causes such as ischemia and reperfusion injury and calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity. Antioxidant free radical scavengers may decrease oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Previous animal studies suggest that vitamins C (ascorbic acid) and E (alpha-tocopherol) are both strong antioxidants, that decrease oxidative stress caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury and calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity. But there have been only limited reports about clinical efficacy. We report five cases supplemented with vitamin C (500 mg per day), vitamin E (500 mg per day), or both. After a 1- to 3-month prescription, the serum creatinine level decreased more than 20% from the original value. Interestingly, one patient had this experience: he ceased vitamin E for 1 month due to noncompliance. The serum creatinine level increased more than 50%. When he took vitamin E again, his serum creatinine level declined and returned to the previous level. From our limited experience, antioxidant supplementation with vitamin C or E may improve renal transplant function, especially in grafts donated from marginal donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Loong
- Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ono H, Osanai T, Ishizaka H, Hanada H, Kamada T, Onodera H, Fujita N, Sasaki S, Matsunaga T, Okumura K. Nicorandil improves cardiac function and clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: role of inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species formation. Am Heart J 2004; 148:E15. [PMID: 15459610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early reperfusion therapy improves the clinical outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but benefits are limited by reperfusion injury in some patients. We examined the effect of nicorandil, a hybrid of K(ATP) channel opener and nicotinamide nitrate, on reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and clinical outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for AMI. METHODS Fifty-eight patients with AMI were randomized into control (n = 25) and nicorandil pretreatment groups (n = 33). In the nicorandil group, nicorandil (4 mg as a bolus injection followed by constant infusion at 8 mg/hour for 24 hours) was administered just after admission. ROS formation was assessed by measuring urinary excretion of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and compared between the 2 groups. Cardiac function and the incidence of reperfusion injury and cardiac events were also compared. RESULTS Urinary 8-epi-PGF2alpha excretion was increased 2-fold at 60 to 90 minutes after PCI in the control group, whereas it was unchanged after PCI in the nicorandil group (P <.0001 between the 2 groups). The incidence of no-reflow phenomenon was lower in the nicorandil group than in the control group. Left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac index at 6 months were greater in the nicorandil group than in controls. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide level at 6 months was lower in the nicorandil group. Incidences of inhospital cardiac events and rehospitalization were lower in the nicorandil group than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Nicorandil improves cardiac function and clinical outcomes in patients with AMI. Suppression of ROS formation may be involved in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Ono
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Qujeq D, Aliakbarpour HR, Kalavi K. Relationship between malondialdehyde level and glutathione peroxidase activity in diabetic rats. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 340:79-83. [PMID: 14734198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This investigation describes the relationship between glutathione peroxidase activities, an antioxidant enzyme, and the oxidative status in diabetic rat blood. METHODS Malondialdehyde level and glutathione peroxidase activity were measured by spectrophotometric techniques. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Malondialdehyde content in the diabetic rats group was increased compared to that in the controls [3.08+/-0.32 (mean+/-S.E.) vs. 1.15+/-0.29 mM/g hemoglobin, P>0.01]. Glutathione peroxidase activity in the diabetic rats group was increased compared to that in the control [10.27+/-1.39 (mean+/-S.E.) vs. 3.14+/-0.38 micromol NADPH/min/g hemoglobin, P>0.01]. Our results show a positive correlation between serum glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde concentration in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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16
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Abstract
Muscular exercise promotes the production of radicals and other reactive oxygen species in the working muscle. Growing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species are responsible for exercise-induced protein oxidation and contribute to muscle fatigue. To protect against exercise-induced oxidative injury, muscle cells contain complex endogenous cellular defence mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) to eliminate reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, exogenous dietary antioxidants interact with endogenous antioxidants to form a cooperative network of cellular antioxidants. Knowledge that exercise-induced oxidant formation can contribute to muscle fatigue has resulted in numerous investigations examining the effects of antioxidant supplementation on human exercise performance. To date, there is limited evidence that dietary supplementation with antioxidants will improve human performance. Furthermore, it is currently unclear whether regular vigorous exercise increases the need for dietary intake of antioxidants. Clearly, additional research that analyses the antioxidant requirements of individual athletes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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17
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Forde P, Scribner AW, Dial R, Loscalzo J, Trolliet MR. Prevention of hypertension and renal dysfunction in Dahl rats by alpha-tocopherol. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2003; 42:82-8. [PMID: 12827031 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200307000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although hypertension is a risk factor for the development of end-stage renal disease, not all hypertensive patients progress to develop renal dysfunction. The mechanisms underlying hypertensive nephropathy are poorly understood. The authors have recently shown that the development of hypertension and renal dysfunction is accompanied by an accumulation of partially reduced oxygen and its derivatives, known collectively as reactive oxygen species. In the present study, the effect of a lipid-soluble antioxidant on the development of salt-dependent hypertensive nephropathy was evaluated in the Dahl rat. It was found that a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) led to the development of hypertension, increased renal oxidative stress (superoxide production and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha), and decreased glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in the Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rat, and that these adverse effects of salt were prevented by supplementing the high-salt diet with 1000 U/kg chow of alpha-tocopherol. It is well known that urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels are lower in hypertensive DSS rats than in Dahl salt-resistant (DSR) rats on a high-salt diet. Most surprisingly, when supplemented with alpha-tocopherol, DSS rats on an 8% NaCl diet were able to excrete as much cGMP as DSR rats. Taken together, these findings suggest that, in the DSS rat, salt-dependent hypertensive nephropathy and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability are associated with increased oxidative stress, and that antioxidants can preclude these adverse effects of salt feeding, and consequently, prevent salt-dependent hypertension and nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Forde
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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18
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Guan W, Osanai T, Kamada T, Hanada H, Ishizaka H, Onodera H, Iwasa A, Fujita N, Kudo S, Ohkubo T, Okumura K. Effect of allopurinol pretreatment on free radical generation after primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2003; 41:699-705. [PMID: 12717099 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200305000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, was shown to improve the regional ventricular function after coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion in animal models. The effects of oral administration of allopurinol on a transient increase in free radical generation after primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and on their clinical outcomes were examined. Thirty-eight AMI patients undergoing primary PTCA were randomly assigned to control (group 1, n = 20) and allopurinol treatment groups (group 2, n = 18). Allopurinol (400 mg) was administered orally just after the admission (approximately 60 min before reperfusion). Free radical production was assessed by successive measurement of urinary excretion of 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) after PTCA. Urinary 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) excretion was increased by twofold at 60-90 min after PTCA compared with the baseline value in group 1. This increase was completely inhibited in group 2. Plasma allopurinol concentration was 1,146 +/- 55 ng/ml in group 2 when reperfusion was achieved. Slow flow in the recanalized coronary artery after PTCA occurred less frequently in group 2 than in group 1. Cardiac index determined just after reperfusion and left ventricular ejection fraction at 6 months after PTCA were both significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1 although pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was similar in the two groups. In conclusion, allopurinol pretreatment is effective in inhibiting generation of oxygen-derived radicals during reperfusion therapy and the recovery of left ventricular function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Guan
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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19
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Linseisen J, Hoffmann J, Lienhard S, Jauch KW, Wolfram G. Antioxidant status of surgical patients receiving TPN with an omega-3-fatty acid-containing lipid emulsion supplemented with alpha-tocopherol. Clin Nutr 2000; 19:177-84. [PMID: 10895108 DOI: 10.1054/clnu.1999.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LCT lipid emulsions and even more fish oil-containing lipid emulsions are under debate regarding their tocopherol and PUFA content as well as their effect on the antioxidative status especially in patients with oxidative stress. METHODS Thirty-three patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to receive either an alpha-tocopherol-supplemented (562 micromol/l) MCT/LCT/omega-3-acid triglycerides (MLF, 5/4/1 w/w/w, 20%) emulsion or a soybean oil-based LCT emulsion (20%). The TPN regimen continuously provided 1.4 g fat kg bw(-1)d(-1)over 5 days. RESULTS Plasma antioxidant concentrations were strongly reduced by surgical treatment. Following 5 days of TPN with the MLF emulsion, mean plasma alpha-tocopherol increased by 20.0 micromol/l (1.98 micromol/mmol lipid), while nearly no change was observed in the LCT emulsion group. In both groups, plasma concentrations of all non-supplemented antioxidants (vitamin C, carotenoids, selenium) as well as serum total antioxidant capacity further decreased during TPN. The concentrations of plasma cholesterol oxidation products as a measure of in vivo lipid peroxidation revealed no changes over the TPN period in either group. CONCLUSION In contrast to the LCT emulsion, administration of the a-tocopherol supplemented MLF lipid emulsion normalized a-tocopherol plasma concentrations. Despite its high long-chain PUFA content, no hint for increased lipid peroxidation was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Linseisen
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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20
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Powers SK, Lennon SL. Analysis of cellular responses to free radicals: focus on exercise and skeletal muscle. Proc Nutr Soc 1999; 58:1025-33. [PMID: 10817171 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665199001342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Muscular exercise results in an increased production of radicals and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent evidence suggests that radicals and other ROS are an underlying aetiology in exercise-induced disturbances in muscle redox status. These exercise-induced redox disturbances in skeletal muscle are postulated to contribute to both muscle fatigue and/or exercise-induced muscle injury. To defend against ROS, muscle cells contain complex cellular defence mechanisms to reduce the risk of oxidative injury. Two major classes (enzymic and non-enzymic) of endogenous protective mechanisms work together to reduce the harmful effects of oxidants in the cell. Primary antioxidant enzymes include superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1; SOD), GSH peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9; GPX), and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6); these enzymes are responsible for removing superoxide radicals, H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides, and H2O2 respectively. Important non-enzymic antioxidants include vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, GSH and ubiquinones. Vitamin E, beta-carotene and ubiquinone are located in lipid regions of the cell, whereas GSH and vitamin C are in aqueous compartments of the cell. Regular endurance training promotes an increase in both total SOD and GPX activity in actively-recruited skeletal muscles. High-intensity exercise training has been shown to be generally superior to low-intensity exercise in the upregulation of muscle SOD and GPX activities. Also, training-induced upregulation of antioxidant enzymes is limited to highly-oxidative skeletal muscles. The effects of endurance training on non-enzymic antioxidants remain a relatively uninvestigated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Powers
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
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21
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Baker CJ, Longoria J, Gade PV, Starnes VA, Barr ML. Addition of a water-soluble alpha-tocopherol analogue to University of Wisconsin solution improves endothelial viability and decreases lung reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 1999; 86:145-9. [PMID: 10452881 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1999.5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reperfusion injury following lung preservation has been associated with free radical formation and subsequent endothelial cell damage. Trolox is a water-soluble analogue of the free radical scavenger alpha-tocopherol. We hypothesized that addition of this form of vitamin E to University of Wisconsin (UW) solution would decrease reperfusion injury and improve lung function after cold ischemic preservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine aortic endothelial cells were cultured and stored at 4 degrees C for 12, 24, and 48 h in UW or UW + Trolox (UWT). Endothelial cell viability after storage was assessed by dimethylthiazole tetrazolium cytotoxicity assay. An isolated rat perfused lung (IPL) model was used and lungs were flushed with the respective solutions with cold storage times of 6 and 12 h. Following storage, the lungs were reperfused with fresh blood and lung function was assessed by blood gas analysis, alveolar-arterial gradient, and compliance. RESULTS There was no difference in endothelial cell viability between UW and UWT after 12 or 24 h; however, UWT had higher endothelial cell viability than UW with 48 h of cold ischemic storage. Using the IPL model, the pO2 was higher with UWT than UW after 6 and 12 h of cold ischemia. The alveolar-arterial oxygen difference was significantly lower for UWT versus UW at 6 h. UWT provided increased compliance at 6 and 12 h of ischemia. CONCLUSIONS The addition of a water-soluble vitamin E analogue to UW solution resulted in increased endothelial cell viability after prolonged storage and improved whole lung preservation in the postreperfusion period as evidenced by higher oxygenation and increased compliance. These results are clinically relevant as the lung is extremely sensitive to reperfusion injury and UW solution is being increasingly used in lung transplantation and remains the predominant solution in abdominal organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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22
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Yamazaki S, Ozawa N, Hiratsuka A, Watabe T. Photogeneration of 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholest-6-ene-5-hydroperoxide in rat skin: evidence for occurrence of singlet oxygen in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 27:301-8. [PMID: 10468202 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We identified singlet oxygen adduct of cholesterol, 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholest-6-ene-5-hydroperoxide (5alpha-OOH), in skin of rats pretreated with oral doses of pheophorbide a and subsequent visible irradiation, that have been known to induce photosensitive diseases in animals and humans. In a living animal body, this is the first demonstration of presence of 5alpha-OOH, that is known to be formed exclusively by reaction in vitro between singlet oxygen and cholesterol. By the quantitative determination with high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a chemiluminescence detector, we observed time-dependent increase in concentrations of 5alpha-OOH in skin of rats pretreated with oral doses of pheophorbide a and subsequent visible irradiation, suggesting the occurrence of a labile activated oxygen species, singlet oxygen, in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamazaki
- Toxicology and Efficacy Research, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
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23
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Abstract
Muscular exercise results in an increased production of radicals and other forms of reactive oxygen species. Further more, growing evidence implicates cytotoxic ROS as an underlying cause in exercise-induced disturbances in muscle redox status that could result in muscle fatigue or injury. Muscle cells contain complex cellular defense mechanisms to minimize the risk for oxidative injury. Two major classes of endogenous protective mechanisms work together to reduce the harmful effects of oxidants in the cell: (1) enzymatic and (2) nonenzymatic antioxidants. Key antioxidant enzymes include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. These enzymes are responsible for removing superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide or organic hydroperoxides, and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Important nonenzymatic antioxidants include vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, GSH, uric acid, ubiquinone, and bilirubin. Vitamin E, beta-carotene, and ubiquinone are located in lipid regions of the cell, whereas uric acid, GSH, and bilirubin are in aqueous compartments of the cell. Although numerous animal experiments have demonstrated that the addition of antioxidants can improve muscular performance, to date, limited evidence shows that dietary supplementation with antioxidants improves human performance. This is an important area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Powers
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
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24
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Novikov VL, Maximov OB, Elyakov GB, Levitsky DO, Lebedev AV, Sadretdinov SM, Shvilkin AV, Afonskaya NI, Cherpachenko NM. Synthesis of some hydroxynaphthazarins and their cardioprotective effects under ischemia-reperfusion in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:587-92. [PMID: 9871565 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of hydroxynaphthazarins has been synthesized. Some of them were found in in vivo experiments to be protectors of myocardium under ischemia-reperfusion and to reduce the infarction zone by 50% without any adverse effect. All compounds exhibit a moderate or small toxicity and are active in low doses.
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25
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McLeod LL, Sevanian A. Lipid peroxidation and modification of lipid composition in an endothelial cell model of ischemia and reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 23:680-94. [PMID: 9215814 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(97)00055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Among the changes that accompany the development of ischemia are alterations in the composition and turnover of membrane phospholipids. To study these effects, a cell culture model was developed to facilitate accurate measurements of lipids over varying intervals of ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). In order to mimic ischemia, rabbit aortic endothelial cells were grown to confluency on collagen coated beads and the bead cultures allowed to settle to the bottom of a conical test tube or spectrofluorometric cuvette. The cell-coated beads were then resuspended in media to simulate the process of reperfusion. Survival after ischemia/reperfusion, was determined by measurements of cellular replating efficiency, and found to decrease after periods longer than three hours of ischemia (followed by 24 h of reperfusion). Plating efficiencies were reduced to nearly 50% after 5 h of ischemia followed by reperfusion. Release of LDH inversely correlated with cell survival, and lactate production, ATP levels, and extracellular H2O2 concentration were all affected by the duration of ischemia. These changes could be directly related to rates of cellular oxygen consumption which decreased by 50% after 5 h of ischemia, while the percentage of oxygen consumption not be inhibitable by cyanide, increased. Release of esterified fatty acids, which was partly inhibited by the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, mepacrine, was stimulated by increasing periods of ischemia while the incorporation of free fatty acids into phospholipids was inhibited. The incorporation of arachidonic acid was inhibited to a lesser degree than that of oleic or linoleic acids with a resulting change in phospholipid fatty acyl composition favoring greater proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. In some experiments, the effects of vitamin E or ascorbic acid administered prior to ischemia were studied. The degree of fatty acid unsaturation, fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids, and release from phospholipids into the free fatty acid pool during ischemia/reperfusion were not affected by prior administration of vitamin E or ascorbic acid. However, the extent of lipid peroxidation during ischemia was inhibited by 100 mM ascorbic acid when present during the ischemia/reperfusion period, but not by vitamin E administered for 24 h prior to ischemia. Ascorbic acid treatment, but not vitamin E, also enabled cells to recover substantial amounts of the ATP lost following prolonged ischemia. The ATP recovery corresponded to an increased cell survival and decreased lipid peroxidation. Progressive intervals of ischemia followed by reperfusion result in compromised cell respiratory activity and decreased ATP production, and decreased phospholipid acylation leading to net hydrolysis. The associated changes in phospholipid composition, and specifically increased unsaturation appear to favor peroxidation of membrane phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L McLeod
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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26
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Willerson JT. Pharmacologic approaches to reperfusion injury. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1997; 39:291-312. [PMID: 9160118 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J T Willerson
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Texas Heart Institute, Houston, USA
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27
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28
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Andersson CM, Hallberg A, Högberg T. Advances in the development of pharmaceutical antioxidants. ADVANCES IN DRUG RESEARCH 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2490(96)80004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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29
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Marzabadi MR, Lłvaas E. Spermine prevent iron accumulation and depress lipofuscin accumulation in cultured myocardial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 1996; 21:375-81. [PMID: 8855449 DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(96)00038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates that spermine prevents aging in cultured myocytes exposed to oxidative stress. It is found that physiological levels of spermine reduce lipofuscin accumulation with 20%, and that the antioxidative effect compares with vitamin E. By autometallography we also demonstrate that spermine prevent accumulation of free iron in the myocytes, probably by acting as a chelating agent. The effect compares to that of deferoxamine. These data provide additional insight into the antioxidative mechanism of spermine, and suggest that spermine may prevent diseases related to the Fenton reaction, as well as retard aging reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Marzabadi
- Webb-Waring Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, USA
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30
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Rabl H, Khoschsorur G, Petek W. Antioxidative vitamin treatment: effect on lipid peroxidation and limb swelling after revascularization operations. World J Surg 1995; 19:738-44. [PMID: 7571673 DOI: 10.1007/bf00295919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative properties of the multivitamin cocktail Omnibionta (alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, retinol, vitamin B complex) in terms of diminishing lipid peroxidation with improvement of leg edema performance after limb revascularization operations in humans. Fifty-one subjects were selected; the control group contained 27 patients and the treatment group 24 patients, who received the vitamin cocktail intravenously before the start of reperfusion. All patients suffered from acute or chronic arterial occlusive disease, except two subjects with arterial trauma. MDA-TBARS in plasma, quantified by HPLC, taken as a measure of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the control group 1 hour after reperfusion onset and decreased to its baseline value within the following 2 hours (0.73 +/- 0.26, 1.21 +/- 0.48, 0.99 +/- 0.48, 0.73 +/- 0.33 nmol/ml). In contrast, in the treatment group MDA-TBARS did not exceed the baseline value during the reperfusion period (0.93 +/- 0.30, 0.70 +/- 0.29, 0.65 +/- 0.23, 0.70 +/- 0.37 nmol/ml). Leg edema, expressed by extremity circumference, was significantly (p < 0.008) elevated in the control group (30.7 +/- 4.04 cm versus 35.35 +/- 4.12 cm) compared to a lack of increase in the treatment group (29.25 +/- 5.13 cm versus 29.76 +/- 5.70 cm). These results suggest that antioxidative vitamin treatment might be valuable in preventing lipid peroxidation and decreasing extremity edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rabl
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Karl Franzens University of Graz, Austria
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31
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Albertsson PA, Nannmark U, Johansson BR. Melanoma cell destruction in the microvasculature of perfused hearts is reduced by pretreatment with vitamin E. Clin Exp Metastasis 1995; 13:269-76. [PMID: 7606889 DOI: 10.1007/bf00133482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the rapid elimination of circulating malignant cells: interactions with circulating leukocytes, mechanical trauma induced by deformation, shear forces and tissue pressure variations. Based on earlier observations in an isolated heart perfusion model the present study was performed to test whether or not microvascular damage of malignant cells depends on their anti-oxidant status. Murine melanoma B16F10 cells, pretreated with 100 microM alpha-tocopherol (or solvent) for 48 h, were used. The cells were perfused into the coronary vasculature of isolated hearts from C57/BL6 mice. Passing cells were collected and their viability determined by Trypan Blue exclusion. The hearts were processed for electron microscopy and the frequency of ultrastructurally intact and damaged B16 cells trapped in capillaries was recorded. In filter perfusion experiments the effect of vitamin E pretreatment on the resistance of the melanoma cells to mechanical deformation was determined. Morphometrically, cell size and cell profile perimeter excess of the melanoma cells were computed. Vitamin E pretreatment increased perfused cell viability from 50% to 81%. Ultrastructurally 30% of the intracapillary vitamin E treated cells were damaged (plasmalemmal fragmentation or worse) as compared to 58% of control cells. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01) whereas no differences could be demonstrated in filterability, cell size, or cell surface excess. The data support the hypothesis that malignant cell destruction in the systemic microcirculation is at least partly dependent on an oxygen metabolite mediated process, the exact nature (e.g. superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide) of which remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Albertsson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Göteborg, Sweden
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32
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Abstract
Various abnormalities have been implicated in the transition of hypertrophy to heart failure but the exact mechanism is still unknown. Thus heart failure subsequent to hypertrophy remains a major clinical problem. Recently, oxidative stress has been suggested to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Here we describe antioxidant changes as well as their significance during hypertrophy and heart failure stages. Heart hypertrophy in rats and guinea pigs, in response to pressure overload, is associated with an increase in 'antioxidant reserve' and a decrease in oxidative stress. Hypertrophied rat hearts show increased tolerance for different oxidative stress conditions such as those imposed by free radicals, hypoxia-reoxygenation and ischemia-reperfusion. On the other hand, heart failure under acute as well as chronic conditions is associated with reduced antioxidant reserve and increased oxidative stress. The latter may have a causal role as suggested by the protection seen with antioxidant treatment in acute as well as in chronic heart failure. It is becoming increasingly apparent that, anytime the available antioxidant reserve in the cell becomes inadequate, myocardial dysfunction is imminent.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Unviersity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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33
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Janero DR, Yarwood C. Oxidative modulation and inactivation of rabbit cardiac adenylate deaminase. Biochem J 1995; 306 ( Pt 2):421-7. [PMID: 7887895 PMCID: PMC1136536 DOI: 10.1042/bj3060421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and adenine nucleotide catabolism occur concomitantly in several disease states, such as cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion, and may act as synergistic determinants of tissue injury. However, the mechanisms underlying this potential interaction remain ill-defined. We examined the influence of oxidative stress on the molecular, kinetic and regulatory properties of a ubiquitous AMP-catabolizing enzyme, adenylate deaminase (AMPD) (EC 3.5.4.6). To this intent, rabbit heart AMPD and an H2O2/ascorbate/iron oxidation system were employed. Enzyme exposure to the complete oxidation system acutely impaired its catalytic activity, lowered the Vmax. by 7-fold within 5 min, and rendered the enzyme unresponsive to nucleotide effectors. Irreversible AMPD inactivation resulted within about 15 min of oxidative insult and was not prevented by free-radical scavengers. Oxidative stress did not affect the molecular mass, tetrameric nature, Km, immunoreactivity or trypsinolytic pattern of the enzyme; nor did it induce carbonyl formation, Zn2+ release from the holoenzyme or net AMPD S-thiolation. This injury pattern is inconsistent with a radical-fragmentation mechanism as the basis for the oxidative AMPD inactivation observed. Rather, the sensitivity of the enzyme to both S-thiolation and thiol alkylation and the significant (3 of 9/mol of denatured enzyme) net loss of DTNB-reactive thiols on exposure to oxidant strongly implicate the conversion of essential thiol moieties into stable higher-oxidation states in the oxidative inactivation of cardiac AMPD. The altered thiol status of the enzyme on oxidative insult may prohibit a catalytically permissible conformation and, in so doing, increase AMP availability to 5'-nucleotidase in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Janero
- Research Department, Ciba Pharmaceuticals, Summit, NJ 07901
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34
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Janero DR. Ischemic heart disease and antioxidants: mechanistic aspects of oxidative injury and its prevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1995; 35:65-81. [PMID: 7748481 DOI: 10.1080/10408399509527688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The disease state of myocardial ischemia results from a hypoperfusion-induced insufficiency of heart-muscle oxidative metabolism due to inadequate coronary circulation. Myocardial ischemia is an important, lifespan-limiting medical problem and a major economic health-care concern. Reperfusion, although avidly pursued in the clinic as essential to the ultimate survival of acutely ischemic heart muscle, may itself carry an injury component. Cardiac reperfusion injury appears to reflect, at least in part, an oxidant burden established upon reoxygenation of ischemic myocardium. Laboratory evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress to the heart-muscle cell (cardiomyocyte) can elicit the three known types of ischemia-reperfusion injury that directly affect the myocardium: arrhythmia, stunning, and infarction. The limited clinical occurrence of serious reperfusion arrhythmias has restricted the importance of antioxidants as antiarrhythmic agents against this form of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion damage. Despite the utmost clinical significance of lethal cardiomyocyte injury as a negative prognostic indicator for the ischemic heart-disease patient, inconsistent results of antioxidant interventions in reducing infarct size have somewhat tempered interest in antioxidant infarct trials. By contrast, the negative clinical consequences of stunning may indeed be preventable by utilizing antioxidants to help restore postischemic cardiac pump function. Several as yet unanswered questions remain regarding oxidative stress in the reperfused heart, its significance to cardiomyocyte damage, and its ability to elicit specific postischemic myocardial derangements. Targeted mechanistic studies are required to address these questions and to define the pathogenic role of oxidative stress (and, hence, the therapeutic potential of antioxidant intervention) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The overall aim of current research in this area is to enable the cardiac surgeon/cardiologist to advance beyond the largely palliative drugs now available for management of the coronary heart-disease patient and attack directly the pathogenic determinants of heart-muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury. Optimal use of antioxidants may help address this important medical need.
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35
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Morrissey PA, Quinn PB, Sheehy PJ. Newer aspects of micronutrients in chronic disease: vitamin E. Proc Nutr Soc 1994; 53:571-82. [PMID: 7886056 DOI: 10.1079/pns19940066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P A Morrissey
- Department of Nutrition, University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland
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36
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Abadie C, Ben Baouali A, Maupoil V, Rochette L. An alpha-tocopherol analogue with antioxidant activity improves myocardial function during ischemia reperfusion in isolated working rat hearts. Free Radic Biol Med 1993; 15:209-15. [PMID: 8375694 DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(93)90061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that alpha-tocopherol analogues reduce infarct size in vivo in the rat and improve contractility upon reperfusion following global ischemia in isolated rat hearts. In the present study, we have thus investigated the effects of the hydrophilic alpha-tocopherol analogue MDL 74366 on nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation using a tissue homogenate method and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias following a local ischemia in isolated working rat hearts. Lipoperoxide (LPO) production was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner in spontaneous as well as in induced peroxidations. The concentration resulting in a 50% inhibition (IC50) was around 2 microM. MDL 74366 treatment had no significant effect on baseline heart rate and cardiac output values. However, MDL 74366 decreased the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, VT; ventricular fibrillation, VF). The coincidence observed between the protective effect of MDL 74366 against tissue LPO formation and the preventive effect of this alpha-tocopherol analogue in the heart during the ischemia-reperfusion sequence confirms that vitamin E has beneficial effects against induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Abadie
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaires Expérimentales, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Dijon, France
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37
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Marchant CT, Barron DM, Wilson SM, Jordan LR, Willis RJ. No evidence of malonyldialdehyde formation during reoxygenation injury in vitamin E-deficient rat heart. Basic Res Cardiol 1993; 88:314-20. [PMID: 8240224 DOI: 10.1007/bf00800638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E is an endogenous antioxidant and is known to afford protection against lipid peroxidation. If lipid peroxidation was an important factor in the pathogenesis of reoxygenation injury in heart, then both the extent of lipid peroxidation and cell injury would be expected to be exacerbated in vitamin E-deficient hearts. To study reoxygenation injury in the present experiments, rat hearts were perfused in the Langendorff mode with a modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer under anoxic conditions for 60 min before resuming normoxic perfusion for 20 min. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and malonyldialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, were assayed in the perfusate effluent from hearts during reoxygenation injury. Also, myocardial MDA and vitamin E contents were measured in extracts of freeze-clamped heart tissue obtained immediately before and 2 min after reoxygenation. Experiments were performed on hearts from groups of weanling rats fed either a vitamin E-deficient or vitamin E-supplemented diet (50 I.U. vitamin E/kg) for 5 to 6 weeks. After 5 weeks, the myocardial vitamin-E content was 103.8 +/- 5.3 (n = 5) and 11.5 +/- 1.6 (n = 4) ng/mg protein (mean +/- SEM) in the vitamin E-supplemented and vitamin E-deficient groups respectively. Perfused hearts from both dietary groups showed a peak of enzyme release 2 to 3 min after the reintroduction of oxygen, and enzyme release from vitamin E-deficient hearts was two-fold greater than enzyme release from vitamin E-supplemented hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Marchant
- Rotary Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
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38
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Janero DR, Hreniuk D, Sharif HM. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress to the mammalian heart-muscle cell (cardiomyocyte): nonperoxidative purine and pyrimidine nucleotide depletion. J Cell Physiol 1993; 155:494-504. [PMID: 8491789 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041550308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) overload may contribute to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. We report utilization of a previously described cardiomyocyte model (J. Cell. Physiol., 149:347, 1991) to assess the effect of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on heart-muscle purine and pyrimidine nucleotides and high-energy phosphates (ATP, phosphocreatine). Oxidative stress induced by bolus H2O2 elicited the loss of cardiomyocyte purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, leading to eventual de-energization upon total ATP and phosphocreatine depletion. The rate and extent of ATP and phosphocreatine loss were dependent on the degree of oxidative stress within the range of 50 microM to 1.0 mM H2O2. At the highest H2O2 concentration, 5 min was sufficient to elicit appreciable cardiomyocyte high-energy phosphate loss, the extent of which could be limited by prompt elimination of H2O2 from the culture medium. Only H2O2 dismutation completely prevented ATP loss during H2O2-induced oxidative stress, whereas various free-radical scavengers and metal chelators afforded no significant ATP preservation. Exogenously-supplied catabolic substrates and glycolytic or tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates did not ameliorate the observed ATP and phosphocreatine depletion, suggesting that cardiomyocyte de-energization during H2O2-induced oxidative stress reflected defects in substrate utilization/energy conservation. Compromise of cardiomyocyte nucleotide and phosphocreatine pools during H2O2-induced oxidative stress was completely dissociated from membrane peroxidative damage and maintenance of cell integrity. Cardiomyocyte de-energization in response to H2O2 overload may constitute a distinct nonperoxidative mode of injury by which cardiomyocyte energy balance could be chronically compromised in the post-ischemic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Janero
- Research Department, CIBA-GEIGY Corporation, Summit, New Jersey 07901
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39
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Rabl H, Khoschsorur G, Colombo T, Petritsch P, Rauchenwald M, Költringer P, Tatzber F, Esterbauer H. A multivitamin infusion prevents lipid peroxidation and improves transplantation performance. Kidney Int 1993; 43:912-7. [PMID: 8479129 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1993.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that ischemia reperfusion damage in kidney transplantation is associated with lipid peroxidation and that inhibition of lipid peroxidation by antioxidants improves the function of the transplanted kidney. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring the plasma malonaldehyde content (as thiobarbituric acid reaction product) with high-performance liquid chromatography. Kidney function was assessed by plasma creatinine and creatinine clearance. Thirty patients of an ongoing series were randomly selected into two groups, with 14 controls and 16 patients in the antioxidant therapy group. Therapy consisted of two ampoules of Omnibionta (which contains vitamins C, E, A and B complex) diluted in 500 ml physiological sodium chloride, which was infused intravenously prior to reperfusion onset. No significant differences existed for the age of the patients in the control (43.00 +/- 9.86 years) and the therapy group (41.56 +/- 14.14 years) nor in the kidney preservation time, which was 24.12 +/- 8.73 and 18.43 +/- 9.97 hours in the control and therapy group, respectively. The controls showed a transient increase of plasma lipid peroxides as measured by malonaldehyde with a peak one hour after onset of reperfusion. Compared to the baseline value of 0.74 +/- 0.26 (mean +/- SD) the one hour malonaldehyde value increased to 1.46 +/- 0.22 nmol/ml (P < 0.001). In the therapy group the plasma malonaldehyde level did not increase, but slightly decreased by about 20% compared to the baseline value. The difference of plasma malonaldehyde between the two groups one hour after reperfusion onset was highly significant (P > 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rabl
- Division of General Surgery, University of Graz, Austria
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40
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Chatelain E, Boscoboinik DO, Bartoli GM, Kagan VE, Gey FK, Packer L, Azzi A. Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and protein kinase C activity by tocopherols and tocotrienols. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1176:83-9. [PMID: 7680904 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(93)90181-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
alpha-Tocopherol, the most active form of vitamin E, causes a dose-dependent inhibition of serum-induced proliferation of smooth muscle cells (A7r5) in culture. Some tocopherol-related compounds exhibiting various degrees of antioxidant potency have also been tested on cellular proliferation. No direct correlation between the antioxidant activity of these compounds and their effect on smooth muscle cell growth could be observed. While most of the derivatives employed were not effective in inhibiting protein kinase C, in the case of alpha-tocopherol the antiproliferative effect was found to be parallel to the inhibition of protein kinase C activity, as measured in streptolysin-O permeabilized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chatelain
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Bern, Switzerland
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41
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Mickle DA. Efficacy of water-soluble analogs of vitamin E in the prevention of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Toxicol Ind Health 1993; 9:309-22. [PMID: 8418520 DOI: 10.1177/0748233793009001-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D A Mickle
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Machlin LJ. Implications for the biomedical field. Toxicol Ind Health 1993; 9:383-7. [PMID: 8418524 DOI: 10.1177/0748233793009001-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L J Machlin
- Human Nutrition Research, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110
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43
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Esterbauer H, Gebicki J, Puhl H, Jürgens G. The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in oxidative modification of LDL. Free Radic Biol Med 1992; 13:341-90. [PMID: 1398217 DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(92)90181-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1583] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive survey on the compositional properties of LDL (e.g., lipid classes, fatty acids, antioxidants) relevant for its susceptibility to oxidation, on the mechanism and kinetics of LDL oxidation, and on the chemical and physico-chemical properties of LDL oxidized by exposure to copper ions. Studies on the occurrence of oxidized LDL in plasma, arteries, and plaques of humans and experimental animals are discussed with particular focus on the use of poly- and monoclonal antibodies for immunochemical demonstration of apolipoprotein B modifications characteristic for lipid peroxidation. Apart from uptake of oxidized LDL by macrophages, studies describing biological effects of heavily or minimally oxidized LDL are only briefly addressed, since several reviews dealing with this subject were recently published. This article is concluded with a section on the role of natural and synthetic antioxidants in protecting LDL against oxidation, as well as some previously unpublished material from our laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Esterbauer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Graz, Austria
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44
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Nishinaka Y, Sugiyama S, Yokota M, Saito H, Ozawa T. The effects of a high dose of ascorbate on ischemia-reperfusion-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in canine hearts. Heart Vessels 1992; 7:18-23. [PMID: 1583008 DOI: 10.1007/bf01745863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotective effects of a high dose of ascorbate on ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial damage were investigated using open chest anesthetized dogs. Two-hour occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) induced mitochondrial dysfunction with a depletion of mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) concentration. Two-hour LAD occlusion followed by 1-h reperfusion worsened the ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction together with a marked depletion of mitochondrial GSH concentration. Ascorbate reduced the mitochondrial dysfunction and prevented the depletion of mitochondrial GSH concentration after 2-h LAD occlusion and 1-h reperfusion. Activities of mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase did not change significantly in each group. Administration of ascorbate also prevented reperfusion arrhythmias without affecting blood pressure or heart rate. These results suggest that coronary reperfusion induces mitochondrial dysfunction and a depletion of mitochondrial GSH concentration, and that a high dose of ascorbate prevents reperfusion damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishinaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Japan
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45
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Serbinova E, Khwaja S, Reznick AZ, Packer L. Thioctic acid protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the isolated perfused Langendorff heart. FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1992; 17:49-58. [PMID: 1446847 DOI: 10.3109/10715769209061088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant properties of thioctic and dihydrolipoic acid have been demonstrated in membranes and low density lipoproteins (LDL) in vitro. In vivo studies with dietary supplementation of thioctic acid to rats showed that it can also protect tissues against oxidative damage. Presumably, this action is due to a thioctic acid dihydrolipoic acid (TA/DHLA) coupled antioxidant mechanism, which enhances the activity of other antioxidants (i.e. ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol) by regenerating them from their radical form. In the present study, thioctic acid proved to protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury to Langendorff perfused hearts. Hearts isolated from rats fed thioctic acid and subjected to ischemia exhibited better mechanical recovery (left ventricular developed pressure) after reperfusion and lower lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Thioctic acid supplementation also decreased the appearance of fluorescent lipid peroxidation products after ischemia/reperfusion, lowered the rate of 2,2'-azobis-(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) induced lipid peroxidation in heart homogenates, and prevented the loss of alpha-tocopherol. The total sulfhydryl group content in thioctic acid fed animals was higher and the decrease due to ischemia-reperfusion was not as marked in this group as observed in the control. These results show that dietary supplementation with thioctic acid in vivo provides protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the Langendorff heart model.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Serbinova
- 251 LSA Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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46
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Palm oil vitamin E protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated perfused langendorff heart. Nutr Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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47
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Kowalski DP, Aw TY, Park Y, Jones DP. Postanoxic oxidative injury in rat hepatocytes: lactate-dependent protection against tert-butylhydroperoxide. Free Radic Biol Med 1992; 12:205-12. [PMID: 1563646 DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(92)90028-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in this laboratory showed that hypoxia and anoxia enhance the susceptibility of hepatocytes to tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBH)-induced oxidative injury. To determine whether preceding exposure to anoxia affects postanoxic sensitivity to oxidative injury, viability was studied in hepatocytes incubated under anoxic conditions followed by reoxygenation without or with tert-butylhydroperoxide addition. Results showed that a preceding exposure to 60 min of anoxia substantially increased the vulnerability of cells to injury by the oxidant. Because substantial tissue lactate can accumulate during anoxia, the effect of increased lactate on postanoxic injury due to TBH was determined. Results showed that added lactate protected in a concentration-dependent manner. The TBH elimination rate was stimulated by lactate, and the pyruvate production rate approached the rate of TBH elimination. Thus, lactate protects against postanoxic oxidative injury by supplying reducing equivalents for peroxide reduction. This suggests that lactate accumulation during ischemia may be beneficial and that supplementation with lactate could be considered as a means to protect against postischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Kowalski
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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48
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Janero DR, Hreniuk D, Sharif HM. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress to the mammalian heart-muscle cell (cardiomyocyte): lethal peroxidative membrane injury. J Cell Physiol 1991; 149:347-64. [PMID: 1744169 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041490302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) may contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic-reperfusion injury in the heart. For the purpose of investigating directly the injury potential of H2O2 on heart muscle, a cellular model of H2O2-induced myocardial oxidative stress was developed. This model employed primary monolayer cultures of intact, beating neonatal-rat cardiomyocytes and discrete concentrations of reagent H2O2 in defined, supplement-free culture medium. Cardiomyocytes challenged with H2O2 readily metabolized it such that the culture content of H2O2 diminished over time, but was not depleted. The consequent H2O2-induced oxidative stress caused lethal sarcolemmal disruption (as measured by lactate dehydrogenase release), and cardiomyocyte integrity could be preserved by catalase. During oxidative stress, a spectrum of cellular derangements developed, including membrane phospholipid peroxidation, thiol oxidation, consumption of the major chain-breaking membrane antiperoxidant (alpha-tocopherol), and ATP loss. No net change in the protein or phospholipid contents of cardiomyocyte membranes accompanied H2O2-induced oxidative stress, but an increased turnover of these membrane constituents occurred in response to H2O2. Development of lethal cardiomyocyte injury during H2O2-induced oxidative stress did not require the presence of H2O2 itself; a brief "pulse" exposure of the cardiomyocytes to H2O2 was sufficient to incite the pathogenic mechanism leading to cell disruption. Cardiomyocyte disruption was dependent upon an intracellular source of redox-active iron and the iron-dependent transformation of internalized H2O2 into products (e.g., the hydroxyl radical) capable of initiating lipid peroxidation, since iron chelators and hydroxyl-radical scavengers were cytoprotective. The accelerated turnover of cardiomyocyte-membrane protein and phospholipid was inhibited by antiperoxidants, suggesting that the turnover reflected molecular repair of oxidized membrane constitutents. Likewise, the consumption of alpha-tocopherol and the oxidation of cellular thiols appeared to be epiphenomena of peroxidation. Antiperoxidant interventions coordinately abolished both H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation and sarcolemmal disruption, demonstrating that an intimate pathogenic relationship exists between sarcolemmal peroxidation and lethal compromise of cardiomyocyte integrity in response to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Although sarcolemmal peroxidation was causally related to cardiomyocyte disruption during H2O2-induced oxidative stress, a nonperoxidative route of H2O2 cytotoxicity was also identified, which was expressed in the complete absence of cardiomyocyte-membrane peroxidation. The latter mode of H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte injury involved ATP loss such that membrane peroxidation and cardiomyocyte disruption on the one hand and cellular de-energization on the other could be completely dissociated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Janero
- Research Department, CIBA-GEIGY Corporation, Summit, New Jersey 07901
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