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Ryu DH, Cho JY, Yu HS, Kim JW, Kim JC, Son YJ, Nho CW, Hamayun M, Kim HY. Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge extracts: a promising source for anti-atopic dermatitis activity. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:217. [PMID: 38844985 PMCID: PMC11155122 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the expression of inflammatory factors. Regarding its anti-atopic activity, numerous traditional medicinal materials and secondary metabolic products play pivotal roles in modulating the associated mechanisms. METHODS This study aimed to utilize Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) as an anti-AD source. In-vitro activity assessments and qualitative and quantitative analyses using UPLC-TQ-MS/MS and HPLC-DAD were conducted in two cultivars ('Dasan' and 'Kosan'). Statistical analysis indicated that the profiles of their secondary metabolites contribute significantly to their pharmacological properties. Consequently, bio-guided fractionation was undertaken to figure out the distinct roles of the secondary metabolites present in SMB. RESULTS Comparative study of two cultivars indicated that 'Dasan', having higher salvianolic acid A and B, exhibited stronger antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Meanwhile, 'Kosan', containing higher tanshinones, showed higher alleviating activities on anti-AD related genes in mRNA levels. Additionally, performed bio-guided fractionation re-confirmed that the hydrophilic compounds of SMB can prevent AD by inhibiting accumulation of ROS and suppressing inflammatory factors and the lipophilic components can directly inhibit AD. CONCLUSIONS SMB was revealed as a good source for anti-AD activity. Several bioactive compounds were identified from the UPLC-TQ-MS/MS and different compounds content was linked to biological activities. Characterization of these compounds may be helpful to understand differential role of secondary metabolites from SMB on alleviation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jwa Yeong Cho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yu
- Natural Product Informatics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ju Son
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Othman R, Aggour A, Elmorsy E, Fawzy MS. Nigella sativa, active principle thymoquinone, alleviates palmitate-induced cytotoxicity, inflammation and bioenergetic disruptions in macrophages: An invitro study model. Toxicon 2024; 244:107754. [PMID: 38761922 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the main phytochemical bioactive ingredients in Nigella sativa, with reported immunity-boosting properties. The current study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of TQ against inflammation brought on by free fatty acid Palmitate (PA) using macrophages raw 264.7 cell line. Data revealed that TQ significantly improved the viability of basal and PA stimulated Macrophages at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL. Also, TQ significantly reduced nitric oxide and triglyceride levels in PA-stimulated macrophages at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL. The pro-inflammatory cytokines studies revealed that PA significantly increased the release of the cytokines TNF-α, MHGB-1, IL-1β, and IL-6. TQ at concentrations 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml significantly decreases the release of the studied cytokines in PA-stimulated macrophages to variable extents with parallel inhibition to their corresponding gene expression. Bioenergetic assays showed that PA significantly decreased cellular ATP, mitochondrial complexes I and III activities and mitochondrial membrane potential with a subsequent significant increase in lactate production. At the same time, TQ can alleviate the effect of PA on macrophages' bioenergetics parameters to variable extent based on TQ concentration. To conclude, TQ could mitigate palmitate-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity in macrophages by improving macrophage viability and controlling cytokine release with improved PA-induced bioenergetics disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Othman
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Aggour
- Regional laboratory, Northern Border Health cluster, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekramy Elmorsy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Medical Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Zhang Y, Ye F, Fu X, Li S, Wang L, Chen Y, Li H, Hao S, Zhao K, Feng Q, Li P. Mitochondrial Regulation of Macrophages in Innate Immunity and Diverse Roles of Macrophages During Cochlear Inflammation. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:255-267. [PMID: 37391607 PMCID: PMC10838870 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential components of the innate immune system and constitute a non-specific first line of host defense against pathogens and inflammation. Mitochondria regulate macrophage activation and innate immune responses in various inflammatory diseases, including cochlear inflammation. The distribution, number, and morphological characteristics of cochlear macrophages change significantly across different inner ear regions under various pathological conditions, including noise exposure, ototoxicity, and age-related degeneration. However, the exact mechanism underlying the role of mitochondria in macrophages in auditory function remains unclear. Here, we summarize the major factors and mitochondrial signaling pathways (e.g., metabolism, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial DNA, and the inflammasome) that influence macrophage activation in the innate immune response. In particular, we focus on the properties of cochlear macrophages, activated signaling pathways, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines after acoustic injury. We hope this review will provide new perspectives and a basis for future research on cochlear inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fanglei Ye
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yutian Chen
- The Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shaojuan Hao
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Province Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Peipei Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Province Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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4
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Jiang X, Wang W, Tang J, Han M, Xu Y, Zhang L, Wu J, Huang Y, Ding Z, Sun H, Xi K, Gu Y, Chen L. Ligand-Screened Cerium-Based MOF Microcapsules Promote Nerve Regeneration via Mitochondrial Energy Supply. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306780. [PMID: 38037294 PMCID: PMC10853750 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Although mitochondria are crucial for recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI), therapeutic strategies to modulate mitochondrial metabolic energy to coordinate the immune response and nerve regeneration are lacking. Here, a ligand-screened cerium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) with better ROS scavenging and drug-loading abilities is encapsulated with polydopamine after loading creatine to obtain microcapsules (Cr/Ce@PDA nanoparticles), which reverse the energy deficits in both macrophages and neuronal cells by combining ROS scavenging and energy supplementation. It reprogrames inflammatory macrophages to the proregenerative phenotype via the succinate/HIF-1α/IL-1β signaling axis. It also promotes the regeneration and differentiation of neural cells by activating the mTOR pathway and paracrine function of macrophages. In vivo experiments further confirm the effect of the microcapsules in regulating early ROS-inflammation positive-feedback chain reactions and continuously promoting nerve regeneration. This study provides a new strategy for correcting mitochondrial energy deficiency in the immune response and nerve regeneration following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhao Jiang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Jincheng Tang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Meng Han
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
- Department of Spinal SurgeryXuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou221000China
| | - Yichang Xu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Yiyang Huang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Zhouye Ding
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Huiwen Sun
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Kun Xi
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
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Stojanović NM, Randjelović PJ, Maslovarić A, Kostić M, Raičević V, Sakač M, Bjedov S. How do different bile acid derivatives affect rat macrophage function - Friends or foes? Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110688. [PMID: 37648052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to an increased need for new immunomodulatory agents, many previously known molecules have been structurally modified in order to obtain new drugs, preserving at the same time some of the benevolent characteristics of the parent molecule. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of a selected library of bile acid derivatives (BAD) using a broad spectrum of assays, evaluating rat peritoneal macrophages viability, cell membrane damage, lysosomal and adhesion function, and nitric oxide and cytokine production as a response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Also, in silico studies on two bile acid-activated receptors were conducted and the results were related to the observed in vitro effects. All tested BAD exerted significant toxicity in concentrations higher than 10 μM, which was determined based on mitochondria and cell membrane damage in a panel of assays. On the other hand, at lower concentrations, the tested BAD proved to be immunomodulatory since they affected lysosomal function, cell adhesion capacities and the ability to produce inflammatory cytokines in response to a stimulus. One of the compounds proved to exhibit significant toxicity toward macrophages, but also caused a concentration-dependent decrease in nitric oxide levels and was identified as a potential farnesoid X receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola M Stojanović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
| | - Pavle J Randjelović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Miloš Kostić
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Vidak Raičević
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija Sakač
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Srđan Bjedov
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
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6
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Chen W, Zhao H, Li Y. Mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease: mechanisms and potential targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:333. [PMID: 37669960 PMCID: PMC10480456 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that are able to adjust and respond to different stressors and metabolic needs within a cell, showcasing their plasticity and dynamic nature. These abilities allow them to effectively coordinate various cellular functions. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the changing process of fission, fusion, mitophagy and transport, which is crucial for optimal function in signal transduction and metabolism. An imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics can disrupt mitochondrial function, leading to abnormal cellular fate, and a range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Herein, we review the mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics, and its impacts on cellular function. We also delve into the changes that occur in mitochondrial dynamics during health and disease, and offer novel perspectives on how to target the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Huakan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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7
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Bisutti V, Mach N, Giannuzzi D, Vanzin A, Capra E, Negrini R, Gelain ME, Cecchinato A, Ajmone-Marsan P, Pegolo S. Transcriptome-wide mapping of milk somatic cells upon subclinical mastitis infection in dairy cattle. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:93. [PMID: 37403140 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) represents a significant problem in maintaining dairy cows' health. Disease severity and extent depend on the interaction between the causative agent, environment, and host. To investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the host immune response, we used RNA-Seq for the milk somatic cells (SC) transcriptome profiling in healthy cows (n = 9), and cows naturally affected by subclinical IMI from Prototheca spp. (n = 11) and Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae; n = 11). Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent Components (DIABLO) was used to integrate transcriptomic data and host phenotypic traits related to milk composition, SC composition, and udder health to identify hub variables for subclinical IMI detection. RESULTS A total of 1,682 and 2,427 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified when comparing Prototheca spp. and S. agalactiae to healthy animals, respectively. Pathogen-specific pathway analyses evidenced that Prototheca's infection upregulated antigen processing and lymphocyte proliferation pathways while S. agalactiae induced a reduction of energy-related pathways like the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The integrative analysis of commonly shared DEGs between the two pathogens (n = 681) referred to the core-mastitis response genes, and phenotypic data evidenced a strong covariation between those genes and the flow cytometry immune cells (r2 = 0.72), followed by the udder health (r2 = 0.64) and milk quality parameters (r2 = 0.64). Variables with r ≥ 0.90 were used to build a network in which the top 20 hub variables were identified with the Cytoscape cytohubba plug-in. The genes in common between DIABLO and cytohubba (n = 10) were submitted to a ROC analysis which showed they had excellent predictive performances in terms of discriminating healthy and mastitis-affected animals (sensitivity > 0.89, specificity > 0.81, accuracy > 0.87, and precision > 0.69). Among these genes, CIITA could play a key role in regulating the animals' response to subclinical IMI. CONCLUSIONS Despite some differences in the enriched pathways, the two mastitis-causing pathogens seemed to induce a shared host immune-transcriptomic response. The hub variables identified with the integrative approach might be included in screening and diagnostic tools for subclinical IMI detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Bisutti
- DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
| | - Núria Mach
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 23 Chemin Des Capelles, Toulouse, 31300, France
| | - Diana Giannuzzi
- DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
| | - Alice Vanzin
- DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
| | - Emanuele Capra
- IBBA, National Research Council, Via Einstein, Lodi, 26900, Italy
| | - Riccardo Negrini
- DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- BCA, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
| | - Sara Pegolo
- DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
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Gonzalez MA, Lu DR, Yousefi M, Kroll A, Lo CH, Briseño CG, Watson JEV, Novitskiy S, Arias V, Zhou H, Plata Stapper A, Tsai MK, Ashkin EL, Murray CW, Li CM, Winslow MM, Tarbell KV. Phagocytosis increases an oxidative metabolic and immune suppressive signature in tumor macrophages. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221472. [PMID: 36995340 PMCID: PMC10067971 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a key macrophage function, but how phagocytosis shapes tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotypes and heterogeneity in solid tumors remains unclear. Here, we utilized both syngeneic and novel autochthonous lung tumor models in which neoplastic cells express the fluorophore tdTomato (tdTom) to identify TAMs that have phagocytosed neoplastic cells in vivo. Phagocytic tdTompos TAMs upregulated antigen presentation and anti-inflammatory proteins, but downregulated classic proinflammatory effectors compared to tdTomneg TAMs. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling identified TAM subset-specific and common gene expression changes associated with phagocytosis. We uncover a phagocytic signature that is predominated by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), ribosomal, and metabolic genes, and this signature correlates with worse clinical outcome in human lung cancer. Expression of OXPHOS proteins, mitochondrial content, and functional utilization of OXPHOS were increased in tdTompos TAMs. tdTompos tumor dendritic cells also display similar metabolic changes. Our identification of phagocytic TAMs as a distinct myeloid cell state links phagocytosis of neoplastic cells in vivo with OXPHOS and tumor-promoting phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Gonzalez
- Amgen Research, Oncology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel R. Lu
- Amgen Research, Research Biomics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Kroll
- Amgen Research, Oncology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chen Hao Lo
- Amgen Research, Oncology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Arias
- Amgen Research, Research Biomics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hong Zhou
- Amgen Research, Research Biomics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Min K. Tsai
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emily L. Ashkin
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Chi-Ming Li
- Amgen Research, Research Biomics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monte M. Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Kumar M, Sharma S, Mazumder S. Role of UPR mt and mitochondrial dynamics in host immunity: it takes two to tango. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1135203. [PMID: 37260703 PMCID: PMC10227438 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1135203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system of a host contains a group of heterogeneous cells with the prime aim of restraining pathogenic infection and maintaining homeostasis. Recent reports have proved that the various subtypes of immune cells exploit distinct metabolic programs for their functioning. Mitochondria are central signaling organelles regulating a range of cellular activities including metabolic reprogramming and immune homeostasis which eventually decree the immunological fate of the host under pathogenic stress. Emerging evidence suggests that following bacterial infection, innate immune cells undergo profound metabolic switching to restrain and countervail the bacterial pathogens, promote inflammation and restore tissue homeostasis. On the other hand, bacterial pathogens affect mitochondrial structure and functions to evade host immunity and influence their intracellular survival. Mitochondria employ several mechanisms to overcome bacterial stress of which mitochondrial UPR (UPRmt) and mitochondrial dynamics are critical. This review discusses the latest advances in our understanding of the immune functions of mitochondria against bacterial infection, particularly the mechanisms of mitochondrial UPRmt and mitochondrial dynamics and their involvement in host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shagun Sharma
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shibnath Mazumder
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Delhi, India
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10
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Mohareer K, Banerjee S. Mycobacterial infection alters host mitochondrial activity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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11
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A metabolic associated fatty liver disease risk variant in MBOAT7 regulates toll like receptor induced outcomes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7430. [PMID: 36473860 PMCID: PMC9726889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakdown of toll-like receptor (TLR) tolerance results in tissue damage, and hyperactivation of the TLRs and subsequent inflammatory consequences have been implicated as risk factors for more severe forms of disease and poor outcomes from various diseases including COVID-19 and metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Here we provide evidence that membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) is a negative regulator of TLR signalling. MBOAT7 deficiency in macrophages as observed in patients with MAFLD and in COVID-19, alters membrane phospholipid composition. We demonstrate that this is associated with a redistribution of arachidonic acid toward proinflammatory eicosanoids, induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and remodelling of the accessible inflammatory-related chromatin landscape culminating in macrophage inflammatory responses to TLRs. Activation of MBOAT7 reverses these effects. These outcomes are further modulated by the MBOAT7 rs8736 (T) MAFLD risk variant. Our findings suggest that MBOAT7 can potentially be explored as a therapeutic target for diseases associated with dysregulation of the TLR signalling cascade.
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Hwang N, Huh Y, Bu S, Seo KJ, Kwon SH, Kim JW, Yoon BK, Ahn HS, Fang S. Single-cell sequencing of PBMC characterizes the altered transcriptomic landscape of classical monocytes in BNT162b2-induced myocarditis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979188. [PMID: 36225942 PMCID: PMC9549039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the most dangerous threat to public health worldwide for the last few years, which led to the development of the novel mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2). However, BNT162b2 vaccination is known to be associated with myocarditis. Here, as an attempt to determine the pathogenesis of the disease and to develop biomarkers to determine whether subjects likely proceed to myocarditis after vaccination, we conducted a time series analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with BNT162b2-induced myocarditis. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis identified monocytes as the cell clusters with the most dynamic changes. To identify distinct gene expression signatures, we compared monocytes of BNT162b2-induced myocarditis with monocytes under various conditions, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, BNT162b2 vaccination, and Kawasaki disease, a disease similar to myocarditis. Representative changes in the transcriptomic profile of classical monocytes include the upregulation of genes related to fatty acid metabolism and downregulation of transcription factor AP-1 activity. This study provides, for the first time, the importance of classical monocytes in the pathogenesis of myocarditis following BNT162b2 vaccination and presents the possibility that vaccination affects monocytes, further inducing their differentiation and infiltration into the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahee Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yune Huh
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Bu
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Internal medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease (CRID), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Seo
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Bo Kyung Yoon, ; Hyo-Suk Ahn, ; Sungsoon Fang,
| | - Hyo-Suk Ahn
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Internal medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease (CRID), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Bo Kyung Yoon, ; Hyo-Suk Ahn, ; Sungsoon Fang,
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Bo Kyung Yoon, ; Hyo-Suk Ahn, ; Sungsoon Fang,
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13
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Wen Y, Kang X, Li Z, Xia L, Lu Y. Identification of a secretory heme-binding protein from Nocardia seriolae involved in cell apoptosis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1189-1199. [PMID: 35671346 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the whole-genome bioinformatics analysis, a heme-binding protein from Nocardia seriolae (HBP) was found. HBP was predicted to be a bacterial secretory protein, located at mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells and have a similar protein structure with the heme-binding protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rv0203. In this study, HBP was found to be a secretory protein and co-localized with mitochondria in FHM cells. Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential value, caspase-3 activity, and transcription level of apoptosis-related genes suggested that overexpression of HBP protein can induce cell apoptosis. In conclusion, HBP was a secretory protein which may target to mitochondria and involve in cell apoptosis in host cells. This research will promote the function study of HBP and deepen the comprehension of the virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of N. seriolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wen
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Kang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Ameka MK, Beavers WN, Shaver CM, Ware LB, Kerchberger VE, Schoenfelt KQ, Sun L, Koyama T, Skaar EP, Becker L, Hasty AH. An Iron Refractory Phenotype in Obese Adipose Tissue Macrophages Leads to Adipocyte Iron Overload. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137417. [PMID: 35806422 PMCID: PMC9267114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte iron overload is a maladaptation associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The objective of the current study was to determine whether and how adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) regulate adipocyte iron concentrations and whether this is impacted by obesity. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) polarized to M0, M1, M2, or metabolically activated (MMe) phenotypes, we showed that MMe BMDMs and ATMs from obese mice have reduced expression of several iron-related proteins. Furthermore, the bioenergetic response to iron in obese ATMs was hampered. ATMs from iron-injected lean mice increased their glycolytic and respiratory capacities, thus maintaining metabolic flexibility, while ATMs from obese mice did not. Using an isotope-based system, we found that iron exchange between BMDMs and adipocytes was regulated by macrophage phenotype. At the end of the co-culture, MMe macrophages transferred and received more iron from adipocytes than M0, M1, and M2 macrophages. This culminated in a decrease in total iron in MMe macrophages and an increase in total iron in adipocytes compared with M2 macrophages. Taken together, in the MMe condition, the redistribution of iron is biased toward macrophage iron deficiency and simultaneous adipocyte iron overload. These data suggest that obesity changes the communication of iron between adipocytes and macrophages and that rectifying this iron communication channel may be a novel therapeutic target to alleviate insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene K. Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - William N. Beavers
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Ciara M. Shaver
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (C.M.S.); (L.B.W.); (V.E.K.)
| | - Lorraine B. Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (C.M.S.); (L.B.W.); (V.E.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Vern Eric Kerchberger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (C.M.S.); (L.B.W.); (V.E.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Kelly Q. Schoenfelt
- Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (K.Q.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (L.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Tatsuki Koyama
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (L.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Lev Becker
- Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (K.Q.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Castro‐Sepulveda M, Tapia G, Tuñón‐Suárez M, Diaz A, Marambio H, Valero‐Breton M, Fernández‐Verdejo R, Zbinden‐Foncea H. Severe COVID-19 correlates with lower mitochondrial cristae density in PBMCs and greater sitting time in humans. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15369. [PMID: 35883244 PMCID: PMC9325974 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An interaction between mitochondrial dynamics, physical activity levels, and COVID-19 severity has been previously hypothesized. However, this has not been tested. We aimed to compare mitochondrial morphology and cristae density of PBMCs between subjects with non-severe COVID-19, subjects with severe COVID-19, and healthy controls. Additionally, we compared the level of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sitting time between groups. Blood samples were taken to obtain PBMCs. Mitochondrial dynamics were assessed by electron microscopy images and western blot of protein that regulate mitochondrial dynamics. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; short version) was used to estimate the level of MVPA and the sitting time The patients who develop severe COVID-19 (COVID-19++) not present alterations of mitochondrial size neither mitochondrial density in comparison to non-severe patients COVID-19 (COVID-19) and control subjects (CTRL). However, compared to CTRL, COVID-19 and COVID-19++ groups have lower mitochondrial cristae length, a higher proportion of abnormal mitochondrial cristae. The COVID-19++ group has lower number (trend) and length of mitochondrial cristae in comparison to COVID-19 group. COVID-19, but not COVID-19++ group had lower Opa 1, Mfn 2 and SDHB (Complex II) proteins than CTRL group. Besides, COVID-19++ group has a higher time sitting. Our results show that low mitochondrial cristae density, potentially due to physical inactivity, is associated with COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Castro‐Sepulveda
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory (LABFEM), School of KinesiologyFaculty of Medicine, Finis Terrae UniversitySantiagoChile
| | - German Tapia
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory (LABFEM), School of KinesiologyFaculty of Medicine, Finis Terrae UniversitySantiagoChile
- Sports Health CenterSanta María ClinicSantiagoChile
| | - Mauro Tuñón‐Suárez
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory (LABFEM), School of KinesiologyFaculty of Medicine, Finis Terrae UniversitySantiagoChile
| | | | | | - Mayalen Valero‐Breton
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory (LABFEM), School of KinesiologyFaculty of Medicine, Finis Terrae UniversitySantiagoChile
| | - Rodrigo Fernández‐Verdejo
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory (LABFEM), School of KinesiologyFaculty of Medicine, Finis Terrae UniversitySantiagoChile
| | - Hermann Zbinden‐Foncea
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory (LABFEM), School of KinesiologyFaculty of Medicine, Finis Terrae UniversitySantiagoChile
- Sports Health CenterSanta María ClinicSantiagoChile
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvainLouvain‐La NeuveBelgium
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16
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Lima-Silva LF, Lee J, Moraes-Vieira PM. Soluble Carrier Transporters and Mitochondria in the Immunometabolic Regulation of Macrophages. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:906-919. [PMID: 34555943 PMCID: PMC9271333 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Immunometabolic regulation of macrophages is a growing area of research across many fields. Here, we review the contribution of solute carriers (SLCs) in regulating macrophage metabolism. We also highlight key mechanisms that regulate SLC function, their effects on mitochondrial activity, and how these intracellular activities contribute to macrophage fitness in health and disease. Recent Advances: SLCs serve as a major drug absorption pathway and represent a novel category of therapeutic drug targets. SLC dynamics affect cellular nutritional sensors, such as AMP-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin, and consequently alter the cellular metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics within macrophages to adapt to a new functional phenotype. Critical Issues: SLC function affects macrophage phenotype, but their mechanisms of action and how their functions contribute to host health remain incompletely defined. Future Directions: Few studies focus on the impact of solute transporters on macrophage function. Identifying which SLCs are present in macrophages and determining their functional roles may reveal novel therapeutic targets with which to treat metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 906-919.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincon Felipe Lima-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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17
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Feuerer N, Carvajal Berrio DA, Billing F, Segan S, Weiss M, Rothbauer U, Marzi J, Schenke-Layland K. Raman Microspectroscopy Identifies Biochemical Activation Fingerprints in THP-1- and PBMC-Derived Macrophages. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050989. [PMID: 35625726 PMCID: PMC9139061 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 and primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are popular in vitro model systems to study human innate immunity, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. However, both cell types differ significantly in their origin and response to activation stimuli. (2) Resting THP-1 and MDMs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon γ (IFNγ) and analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy (RM) before and 48 h after activation. Raman data were subsequently analyzed using principal component analysis. (3) We were able to resolve and analyze the spatial distribution and molecular composition of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids in resting and activated THP-1 and MDMs. Our findings reveal that proinflammatory activation-induced significant spectral alterations at protein and phospholipid levels in THP-1. In MDMs, we identified that nucleic acid and non-membrane-associated intracellular lipid composition were also affected. (4) Our results show that it is crucial to carefully choose the right cell type for an in vitro model as the nature of the cells itself may impact immune cell polarization or activation results. Moreover, we demonstrated that RM is a sensitive tool for investigating cell-specific responses to activation stimuli and monitoring molecular changes in subcellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Feuerer
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (N.F.); (D.A.C.B.); (K.S.-L.)
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.W.); (U.R.)
| | - Daniel A. Carvajal Berrio
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (N.F.); (D.A.C.B.); (K.S.-L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Billing
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.W.); (U.R.)
| | - Sören Segan
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.W.); (U.R.)
| | - Martin Weiss
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.W.); (U.R.)
- Department of Women’s Health, Research Institute of Women’s Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.W.); (U.R.)
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Marzi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (N.F.); (D.A.C.B.); (K.S.-L.)
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.W.); (U.R.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-707-1298-5204
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (N.F.); (D.A.C.B.); (K.S.-L.)
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.W.); (U.R.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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18
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Zhao L, Zhao T, Yang X, Cao L, Xu R, Liu J, Lin C, Yu Y, Xuan D, Zhu X, Liu L, Hua Y, Deng C, Wan W, Zou H, Xue Y. IL-37 blocks gouty inflammation by shaping macrophages into a non-inflammatory phagocytic phenotype. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:3841-3853. [PMID: 35015844 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-37 is a natural suppressor of inflammation. Macrophages play an important role in acute gout flare by dominating the inflammation and spontaneous relief. We have reported IL-37 could limit runaway inflammation in gout. Here we focus on whether IL-37 inhibits gouty inflammation by altering macrophage functions and how it does. METHODS Macrophage functions were evaluated in terms of phagocytosis, pyroptosis, polarization, and metabolism. Phagocytosis and polarization of macrophages were detected by side scattering and double-labelling iNOS/Arg-1 using flow cytometry, respectively. Transcription of pyroptosis-related molecules was detected by qPCR. Metabolomics was performed by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer. Human IL-37 knock-in mice and a model with point mutation (S9A) at mouse Gsk3b locus were created by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. MSU was injected into paws and peritoneal cavity to model acute gout. Vernier caliper was used to measure the thickness of the paws. The mice paws and human synovium tissues or tophi were collected for pathological staining. Peritoneal fluid of mice was used to enrich macrophages to detect polarization. RESULTS IL-37 promoted non-inflammatory phagocytic activity of macrophages, by enhancing phagocytosis of MSU, reducing pyroptosis-related proteins transcription and inflammatory cytokines releasing, protecting mitochondrial function, and mediating metabolic reprogramming in MSU-treated THP-1 cells. These multifaceted roles of IL-37 were partly depended on the mediation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that IL-37 could shape macrophages into a "silent" non-inflammatory phagocytic fashion. IL-37 may become a potentially valuable treatment option for patients of chronic gout, especially for those with tophi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyu Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Xuan
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinghui Hua
- Department of Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Luo Q, Li X, Zhong W, Cao W, Zhu M, Wu A, Chen W, Ye Z, Han Q, Natarajan D, Pathak JL, Zhang Q. Dicalcium silicate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy-mediated macrophagic inflammation promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Regen Biomater 2021; 9:rbab075. [PMID: 35480858 PMCID: PMC9039510 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4, C2S) has osteogenic potential but induces macrophagic inflammation. Mitochondrial function plays a vital role in macrophage polarization and macrophagic inflammation. The mitochondrial function of C2S-treated macrophages is still unclear. This study hypothesized: (i) the C2S modulates mitochondrial function and autophagy in macrophages to regulate macrophagic inflammation, and (ii) C2S-induced macrophagic inflammation regulates osteogenesis. We used RAW264.7 cells as a model of macrophage. The C2S (75-150 μg/ml) extract was used to analyze the macrophagic mitochondrial function and macrophage-mediated effect on osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The results showed that C2S extract (150 μg/ml) induced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production in macrophages. C2S extract (150 μg/ml) enhanced reactive oxygen species level and intracellular calcium level but reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. TEM images showed reduced mitochondrial abundance and altered the mitochondrial morphology in C2S (150 μg/ml)-treated macrophages. Protein level expression of PINK1, Parkin, Beclin1 and LC3 was upregulated but TOMM20 was downregulated. mRNA sequencing and KEGG analysis showed that C2S-induced differentially expressed mRNAs in macrophages were mainly distributed in the essential signaling pathways involved in mitochondrial function and autophagy. The conditioned medium from C2S-treated macrophage robustly promoted osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. In conclusion, our results indicate mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy as the possible mechanism of C2S-induced macrophagic inflammation. The promotion of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by the C2S-induced macrophagic inflammation suggests the potential application of C2S in developing immunomodulatory bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Luo
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen 529030, China
| | - Xingyang Li
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Wenchao Zhong
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081LA, The Netherlands
| | - Mingjing Zhu
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Antong Wu
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Wanyi Chen
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Zhitong Ye
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Qiao Han
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Duraipandy Natarajan
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
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20
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Pang Y, Zhang C, Gao J. Macrophages as Emerging Key Players in Mitochondrial Transfers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:747377. [PMID: 34722528 PMCID: PMC8548694 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.747377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a group of heterogeneous cells widely present throughout the body. Under the influence of their specific environments, via both contact and noncontact signals, macrophages integrate into host tissues and contribute to their development and the functions of their constituent cells. Mitochondria are essential organelles that perform intercellular transfers to regulate cell homeostasis. Our review focuses on newly discovered roles of mitochondrial transfers between macrophages and surrounding cells and summarizes emerging functions of macrophages in transmitophagy, metabolic regulation, and immune defense. We also discuss the negative influence of mitochondrial transfers on macrophages, as well as current therapies targeting mitochondria in macrophages. Regulation of macrophages through mitochondrial transfers between macrophages and their surrounding cells is a promising therapy for various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, obesity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Pang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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21
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Abstract
Mitochondria are considered to be the powerhouse of the cell. Normal functioning of the mitochondria is not only essential for cellular energy production but also for several immunomodulatory processes. Macrophages operate in metabolic niches and rely on rapid adaptation to specific metabolic conditions such as hypoxia, nutrient limitations, or reactive oxygen species to neutralize pathogens. In this regard, the fast reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism is indispensable to provide the cells with the necessary energy and intermediates to efficiently mount the inflammatory response. Moreover, mitochondria act as a physical scaffold for several proteins involved in immune signaling cascades and their dysfunction is immediately associated with a dampened immune response. In this review, we put special focus on mitochondrial function in macrophages and highlight how mitochondrial metabolism is involved in macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Jasmin E Hanke
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
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22
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Orekhov AN, Poznyak AV, Sobenin IA, Nikifirov NN, Ivanova EA. Mitochondrion as a Selective Target for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Defective Mitophagy in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Inflammation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:1064-1075. [PMID: 31744449 PMCID: PMC7709151 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191118125018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects different arteries in the human body and often leads to severe neurological complications, such as stroke and its sequelae. Affected blood vessels develop atherosclerotic lesions in the form of focal thickening of the intimal layer, so called atherosclerotic plaques. OBJECTIVES Despite the high priority of atherosclerosis research for global health and the numerous preclinical and clinical studies conducted, currently, there is no effective pharmacological treatment that directly impacts atherosclerotic plaques. Many knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of the mechanisms of plaque formation. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondria in different cell types involved in atherogenesis and provide information about mtDNA mutations associated with the disease. RESULTS Mitochondria of blood and arterial wall cells appear to be one of the important factors in disease initiation and development. Significant experimental evidence connects oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular disease. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions and mutations are being considered as potential disease markers. Further study of mtDNA damage and associated dysfunction may open new perspectives for atherosclerosis treatment. CONCLUSION Mitochondria can be considered as important disease-modifying factors in several chronic pathologies. Deletions and mutations of mtDNA may be used as potential disease markers. Mitochondria-targeting antioxidant therapies appear to be promising for the development of treatment of atherosclerosis and other diseases associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russian Federation,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian, Federation,Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia V Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russian Federation,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian, Federation,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Str., 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita N Nikifirov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian, Federation,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Str., 121552 Moscow, Russia,Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
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23
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Wang Y, Li N, Zhang X, Horng T. Mitochondrial metabolism regulates macrophage biology. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100904. [PMID: 34157289 PMCID: PMC8294576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for regulation of the activation, differentiation, and survival of macrophages and other immune cells. In response to various extracellular signals, such as microbial or viral infection, changes to mitochondrial metabolism and physiology could underlie the corresponding state of macrophage activation. These changes include alterations of oxidative metabolism, mitochondrial membrane potential, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycling, as well as the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and transformation of the mitochondrial ultrastructure. Here, we provide an updated review of how changes in mitochondrial metabolism and various metabolites such as fumarate, succinate, and itaconate coordinate to guide macrophage activation to distinct cellular states, thus clarifying the vital link between mitochondria metabolism and immunity. We also discuss how in disease settings, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to dysregulation of the inflammatory response. Therefore, mitochondria are a vital source of dynamic signals that regulate macrophage biology to fine-tune immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Na Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiffany Horng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Emam M, Tabatabaei S, Sargolzaei M, Mallard B. Response to Oxidative Burst-Induced Hypoxia Is Associated With Macrophage Inflammatory Profiles as Revealed by Cellular Genome-Wide Association. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688503. [PMID: 34220845 PMCID: PMC8253053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In mammalian species, hypoxia is a prominent feature of inflammation. The role of hypoxia in regulating macrophage responses via alteration in metabolic pathways is well established. Recently, oxidative burst-induced hypoxia has been shown in murine macrophages after phagocytosis. Despite the available detailed information on the regulation of macrophage function at transcriptomic and epigenomic levels, the association of genetic polymorphism and macrophage function has been less explored. Previously, we have shown that host genetics controls approximately 80% of the variation in an oxidative burst as measured by nitric oxide (NO-). Further studies revealed two clusters of transcription factors (hypoxia-related and inflammatory-related) are under the genetic control that shapes macrophages’ pro-inflammatory characteristics. Material and Methods In the current study, the association between 43,066 autosomal Single Nucleic Polymorphism (SNPs) and the ability of MDMs in production of NO- in response to E. coli was evaluated in 58 Holstein cows. The positional candidate genes near significant SNPs were selected to perform functional analysis. In addition, the interaction between the positional candidate genes and differentially expressed genes from our previous study was investigated. Results Sixty SNPs on 22 chromosomes of the bovine genome were found to be significantly associated with NO- production of macrophages. The functional genomic analysis showed a significant interaction between positional candidate genes and mitochondria-related differentially expressed genes from the previous study. Further examination showed 7 SNPs located in the vicinity of genes with roles in response to hypoxia, shaping approximately 73% of the observed individual variation in NO- production by MDM. Regarding the normoxic condition of macrophage culture in this study, it was hypothesized that oxidative burst is responsible for causing hypoxia at the cellular level. Conclusion The results suggest that the genetic polymorphism via regulation of response to hypoxia is a candidate step that perhaps shapes macrophage functional characteristics in the pathway of phagocytosis leading to oxidative burst, hypoxia, cellular response to hypoxia and finally the pro-inflammatory responses. Since all cells in one individual carry the same alleles, the effect of genetic predisposition of sensitivity to hypoxia will likely be notable on the clinical outcome to a broad range of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Emam
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Saeid Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Select Sires Inc., Plain City, OH, United States
| | - Bonnie Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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25
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Tur J, Pereira-Lopes S, Vico T, Marín EA, Muñoz JP, Hernández-Alvarez M, Cardona PJ, Zorzano A, Lloberas J, Celada A. Mitofusin 2 in Macrophages Links Mitochondrial ROS Production, Cytokine Release, Phagocytosis, Autophagy, and Bactericidal Activity. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108079. [PMID: 32846136 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) plays a major role in mitochondrial fusion and in the maintenance of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites. Given that macrophages play a major role in inflammation, we studied the contribution of Mfn2 to the activity of these cells. Pro-inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced Mfn2 expression. The use of the Mfn2 and Mfn1 myeloid-conditional knockout (KO) mouse models reveals that Mfn2 but not Mfn1 is required for the adaptation of mitochondrial respiration to stress conditions and for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon pro-inflammatory activation. Mfn2 deficiency specifically impairs the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. In addition, the lack of Mfn2 but not Mfn1 is associated with dysfunctional autophagy, apoptosis, phagocytosis, and antigen processing. Mfn2floxed;CreLysM mice fail to be protected from Listeria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or LPS endotoxemia. These results reveal an unexpected contribution of Mfn2 to ROS production and inflammation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tur
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Selma Pereira-Lopes
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania Vico
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eros A Marín
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan P Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Hernández-Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Unitat de tuberculosi experimental, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Lloberas
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Celada
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Meng L, Lu C, Wu B, Lan C, Mo L, Chen C, Wang X, Zhang N, Lan L, Wang Q, Zeng X, Li X, Tang S. Taurine Antagonizes Macrophages M1 Polarization by Mitophagy-Glycolysis Switch Blockage via Dragging SAM-PP2Ac Transmethylation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:648913. [PMID: 33912173 PMCID: PMC8071881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.648913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive M1 polarization of macrophages drives the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases. The reprogramming of macrophages from M1 to M2 can be achieved by targeting metabolic events. Taurine promotes for the balance of energy metabolism and the repair of inflammatory injury, preventing chronic diseases and complications. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the action of taurine modulating the macrophage polarization phenotype. In this study, we constructed a low-dose LPS/IFN-γ-induced M1 polarization model to simulate a low-grade pro-inflammatory process. Our results indicate that the taurine transporter TauT/SlC6A6 is upregulated at the transcriptional level during M1 macrophage polarization. The nutrient uptake signal on the membrane supports the high abundance of taurine in macrophages after taurine supplementation, which weakens the status of methionine metabolism, resulting in insufficient S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). The low availability of SAM is directly sensed by LCMT-1 and PME-1, hindering PP2Ac methylation. PP2Ac methylation was found to be necessary for M1 polarization, including the positive regulation of VDAC1 and PINK1. Furthermore, its activation was found to promote the elimination of mitochondria by macrophages via the mitophagy pathway for metabolic adaptation. Mechanistically, taurine inhibits SAM-dependent PP2Ac methylation to block PINK1-mediated mitophagy flux, thereby maintaining a high mitochondrial density, which ultimately hinders the conversion of energy metabolism to glycolysis required for M1. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of taurine-coupled M1 macrophage energy metabolism, providing novel insights into the occurrence and prevention of low-grade inflammation, and propose that the sensing of taurine and SAM availability may allow communication to inflammatory response in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Cailing Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunhua Lan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Laiming Mo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chengying Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinhang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Lan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiyi Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shen Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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27
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Xu J, Zhou L, Sun L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, He X. 3α-Angeloyloxy- ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic Acid Isolated from Wedelia trilobata L. Alleviates Xylene-Induced Mouse Ear Edema and Inhibits NF-κB and MAPK Pathway in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3726-3735. [PMID: 33306388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is associated with many major diseases, and there is still an urgent need to develop new anti-inflammatory drugs. 3α-Angeloyloxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (WT-25) is an ent-kaurane dieterpenoid extracted from Wedelia trilobata, a medicinal plant with potential anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of WT-25 is better than that of its analog kaurenoic acid, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. In this study, our aim was to study the anti-inflammatory effect of WT-25. In xylene-induced edema in mice, WT-25 produced 51% inhibition. WT-25 suppressed nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by downregulating the expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). WT-25 reduced expression and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, WT-25 inhibited NF-κB activation and its upstream signaling, decreasing phosphorylation IKK and p65 levels. WT-25 also inhibited the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family. Additionally, it reduced LPS-induced excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintained mitochondrial integrity in RAW264.7 cells. All these results indicate that WT-25 is a bioactive molecule with the potential to be developed as a novel structured anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lianlian Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
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28
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Cáceres L, Paz ML, Garcés M, Calabró V, Magnani ND, Martinefski M, Martino Adami PV, Caltana L, Tasat D, Morelli L, Tripodi V, Valacchi G, Alvarez S, González Maglio D, Marchini T, Evelson P. NADPH oxidase and mitochondria are relevant sources of superoxide anion in the oxinflammatory response of macrophages exposed to airborne particulate matter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111186. [PMID: 32853868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. In this context, alveolar macrophages exhibit proinflammatory and oxidative responses as a result of the clearance of particles, thus contributing to lung injury. However, the mechanisms linking these pathways are not completely clarified. Therefore, the oxinflammation phenomenon was studied in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA), a PM surrogate rich in transition metals. While cell viability was not compromised under the experimental conditions, a proinflammatory phenotype was observed in cells incubated with ROFA 100 μg/mL, characterized by increased levels of TNF-α and NO production, together with PM uptake. This inflammatory response seems to precede alterations in redox metabolism, characterized by augmented levels of H2O2, diminished GSH/GSSG ratio, and increased SOD activity. This scenario resulted in increased oxidative damage to phospholipids. Moreover, alterations in mitochondrial respiration were observed following ROFA incubation, such as diminished coupling efficiency and spare respiratory capacity, together with augmented proton leak. These findings were accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria were identified as the main sources of superoxide anion () in our model. These results indicate that PM exposure induces direct activation of macrophages, leading to inflammation and increased reactive oxygen species production through NOX and mitochondria, which impairs antioxidant defense and may cause mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cáceres
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina
| | - Mariela L Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Inmunología, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Mariana Garcés
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina
| | - Valeria Calabró
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Natalia D Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Manuela Martinefski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Cátedra de Tecnología Farmacéutica I, Argentina
| | - Pamela V Martino Adami
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Laura Caltana
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Argentina
| | - Deborah Tasat
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Argentina
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Cátedra de Tecnología Farmacéutica I, Argentina
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- NC State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, USA; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Argentina
| | - Daniel González Maglio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Inmunología, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
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Rodríguez M, Valez V, Cimarra C, Blasina F, Radi R. Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Facts, Unknowns, and Challenges. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:247-262. [PMID: 32295425 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hypoxic-ischemic events due to intrapartum complications represent the second cause of neonatal mortality and initiate an acute brain disorder known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). In HIE, the brain undergoes primary and secondary energy failure phases separated by a latent phase in which partial neuronal recovery is observed. A hypoxic-ischemic event leads to oxygen restriction causing ATP depletion, neuronal oxidative stress, and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced oxidant formation in brain cells are characteristic phenomena associated with energy failure. Recent Advances: Mitochondrial sources of oxidants in neurons include complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, as a key contributor to O2•- production via succinate by a reverse electron transport mechanism. The reaction of O2•- with nitric oxide (•NO) yields peroxynitrite, a mitochondrial and cellular toxin. Quantitation of the redox state of cytochrome c oxidase, through broadband near-infrared spectroscopy, represents a promising monitoring approach to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo in humans, in conjunction with the determination of cerebral oxygenation and their correlation with the severity of brain injury. Critical Issues: The energetic failure being a key phenomenon in HIE connected with the severity of the encephalopathy, measurement of mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo provides an approach to assess evolution, prognosis, and adequate therapies. Restoration of mitochondrial redox homeostasis constitutes a key therapeutic goal. Future Directions: While hypothermia is the only currently accepted therapy in clinical management to preserve mitochondrial function, other mitochondria-targeted and/or redox-based treatments are likely to synergize to ensure further efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO) and Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Neonatología, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Valez
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO) and Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Cimarra
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO) and Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernanda Blasina
- Departamento de Neonatología, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO) and Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Anderson G, Maes M. Gut Dysbiosis Dysregulates Central and Systemic Homeostasis via Suboptimal Mitochondrial Function: Assessment, Treatment and Classification Implications. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:524-539. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200131094445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
:
The gut and mitochondria have emerged as two important hubs at the cutting edge of research
across a diverse array of medical conditions, including most psychiatric conditions. This article highlights
the interaction of the gut and mitochondria over the course of development, with an emphasis on
the consequences for transdiagnostic processes across psychiatry, but with relevance to wider medical
conditions. As well as raised levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) arising from increased gut
permeability, the loss of the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate, is an important mediator of how gut dysbiosis
modulates mitochondrial function. Reactive cells, central glia and systemic immune cells are also
modulated by the gut, in part via impacts on mitochondrial function in these cells. Gut-driven alterations
in the activity of reactive cells over the course of development are proposed to be an important determinant
of the transdiagnostic influence of glia and the immune system. Stress, including prenatal stress,
also acts via the gut. The suppression of butyrate, coupled to raised LPS, drives oxidative and nitrosative
stress signalling that culminates in the activation of acidic sphingomyelinase-induced ceramide. Raised
ceramide levels negatively regulate mitochondrial function, both directly and via its negative impact on
daytime, arousal-promoting orexin and night-time sleep-promoting pineal gland-derived melatonin.
Both orexin and melatonin positively regulate mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation. Consequently,
gut-mediated increases in ceramide have impacts on the circadian rhythm and the circadian regulation of
mitochondrial function. Butyrate, orexin and melatonin can positively regulate mitochondria via the disinhibition
of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, leading to increased conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-
CoA. Acetyl-CoA is a necessary co-substrate for the initiation of the melatonergic pathway in mitochondria
and therefore the beneficial effects of mitochondria melatonin synthesis on mitochondrial function.
This has a number of treatment implications across psychiatric and wider medical conditions, including
the utilization of sodium butyrate and melatonin.
:
Overall, gut dysbiosis and increased gut permeability have significant impacts on central and systemic
homeostasis via the regulation of mitochondrial function, especially in central glia and systemic immune
cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bisphenol A induces apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in colon and liver of mice in a mitochondria-dependent manner. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Zhu Z, Zheng L, Li Y, Huang T, Chao YC, Pan L, Zhu H, Zhao Y, Yu W, Li P. Potential Immunotherapeutic Targets on Myeloid Cells for Neurovascular Repair After Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:758. [PMID: 31447626 PMCID: PMC6696904 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological deficits and cognitive dysfunctions caused by acute ischemic stroke pose enormous burden to the stroke families and the communities. Restoration of the normal function of the neurovascular unit following ischemic stroke is critical for improving neurological recovery and cognitive functions after stroke. Recent evidence suggests that the myeloid cells including both the resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils are highly plastic in response to the environmental cues. They intimately interact with multiple components of the neurovascular unit in response to the alarmins, danger associated pattern molecules (DAMPs) and other signals released from the ischemic brain. The aim of this review is to discuss the reciprocal interactions between the myeloid cells and the ischemic neurovascular unit during the late repair phase of cerebral ischemic stroke. We also summarize potential immunotherapeutic targets on myeloid cells and new therapeutic approaches targeting myeloid cells, such as cell transplantation, mitochondrial dynamic and extracellular vesicles-based therapy et al to enhance neurovascular repair for better stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chieh Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Pan
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhua Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Inflammation research sails through the sea of immunology to reach immunometabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:128-145. [PMID: 31096130 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation occurs as a result of acute trauma, invasion of the host by different pathogens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or chronic cellular stress generating damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Thus inflammation may occur under both sterile inflammatory conditions including certain cancers, autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases (Rheumatic arthritis (RA)) and infectious diseases including sepsis, pneumonia-associated acute lung inflammation (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The pathogenesis of inflammation involves dysregulation of an otherwise protective immune response comprising of various innate and adaptive immune cells and humoral (cytokines and chemokines) mediators secreted by these immune cells upon the activation of signaling mechanisms regulated by the activation of different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). However, the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory action of these immune cells is determined by the metabolic stage of the immune cells. The metabolic process of immune cells is called immunometabolism and its shift determined by inflammatory stimuli is called immunometabolic reprogramming. The article focuses on the involvement of various immune cells generating the inflammation, their interaction, immunometabolic reprogramming, and the therapeutic targeting of the immunometabolism to manage inflammation.
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Kim TS, Jin YB, Kim YS, Kim S, Kim JK, Lee HM, Suh HW, Choe JH, Kim YJ, Koo BS, Kim HN, Jung M, Lee SH, Kim DK, Chung C, Son JW, Min JJ, Kim JM, Deng CX, Kim HS, Lee SR, Jo EK. SIRT3 promotes antimycobacterial defenses by coordinating mitochondrial and autophagic functions. Autophagy 2019; 15:1356-1375. [PMID: 30774023 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1582743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT3 (sirtuin 3), a mitochondrial protein deacetylase, maintains respiratory function, but its role in the regulation of innate immune defense is largely unknown. Herein, we show that SIRT3 coordinates mitochondrial function and macroautophagy/autophagy activation to promote anti-mycobacterial responses through PPARA (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha). SIRT3 deficiency enhanced inflammatory responses and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to defective host defense and pathological inflammation during mycobacterial infection. Antibody-mediated depletion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils significantly increased protection against mycobacterial infection in sirt3-/- mice. In addition, mitochondrial oxidative stress promoted excessive inflammation induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in sirt3-/- macrophages. Notably, SIRT3 was essential for the enhancement of PPARA, a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy activation in the context of infection. Importantly, overexpression of either PPARA or TFEB (transcription factor EB) in sirt3-/- macrophages recovered antimicrobial activity through autophagy activation. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of SIRT3 enhanced antibacterial autophagy and functional mitochondrial pools during mycobacterial infection. Finally, the levels of SIRT3 and PPARA were downregulated and inversely correlated with TNF (tumor necrosis factor) levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from tuberculosis patients. Collectively, these data demonstrate a previously unappreciated function of SIRT3 in orchestrating mitochondrial and autophagic functions to promote antimycobacterial responses. Abbreviations: Ab: antibody; BCG: M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; Baf-A1: bafilomycin A1; BMDMs: bone marrow-derived macrophages; CFU: colony forming unit; CXCL5: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; ERFP: enhanced red fluorescent protein; FOXO3: forkhead box O3; HC: healthy controls; H&E: haematoxylin and eosin; HKL: honokiol; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IL1B: interleukin 1 beta; IL6: interleukin 6; IL12B: interleukin 12B; MDMs: monocyte-derived macrophages; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; Mtb: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBS: phosphate buffered saline; PMN: polymorphonuclear neutrophil; PPARA: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SIRT3: sirtuin 3; TB: tuberculosis; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sung Kim
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- d National Primate Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Yi Sak Kim
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Sup Kim
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Lee
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Suh
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Jin Ho Choe
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Young Jae Kim
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- d National Primate Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- d National Primate Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Mingyu Jung
- e Department of Pathology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- f Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- g Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,h Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Son
- i Department of Internal Medicine , Konyang University , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- j Department of Nuclear Medicine , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,e Department of Pathology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- k Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Macau SAR , China
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- l Department of Bioinspired Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- d National Primate Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- a Department of Microbiology , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,b Department of Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.,c Infection Control Convergence Research Center , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Korea
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Lee AH, Ledderose C, Xiaoou L, Slubowski CJ, Sueyoshi K, Staudenmaier L, Bao Y, Zhang J, Junger WG. Adenosine Triphosphate Release is Required for Toll-Like Receptor-Induced Monocyte/Macrophage Activation, Inflammasome Signaling, Interleukin-1β Production, and the Host Immune Response to Infection. Crit Care Med 2018; 46:e1183-e1189. [PMID: 30247270 PMCID: PMC6239954 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Monocytes and macrophages produce interleukin-1β by inflammasome activation which involves adenosine triphosphate release, pannexin-1 channels, and P2X7 receptors. However, interleukin-1β can also be produced in an inflammasome-independent fashion. Here we studied if this mechanism also involves adenosine triphosphate signaling and how it contributes to inflammasome activation. DESIGN In vitro studies with human cells and randomized animal experiments. SETTING Preclinical academic research laboratory. SUBJECTS Wild-type C57BL/6 and pannexin-1 knockout mice, healthy human subjects for cell isolation. INTERVENTIONS Human monocytes and U937 macrophages were treated with different inhibitors to study how purinergic signaling contributes to toll-like receptor-induced cell activation and interleukin-1β production. Wild-type and pannexin-1 knockout mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture to study the role of purinergic signaling in interleukin-1β production and host immune defense. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Toll-like receptor agonists triggered mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production and adenosine triphosphate release within seconds. Inhibition of mitochondria, adenosine triphosphate release, or P2 receptors blocked p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β secretion. Mice lacking pannexin-1 failed to activate monocytes, to produce interleukin-1β, and to effectively clear bacteria following cecal ligation and puncture. CONCLUSIONS Purinergic signaling has two separate roles in monocyte/macrophage activation, namely to facilitate the initial detection of danger signals via toll-like receptors and subsequently to regulate nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome activation. Further dissection of these mechanisms may reveal novel therapeutic targets for immunomodulation in critical care patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert H. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carola Ledderose
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Li Xiaoou
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Christian J. Slubowski
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Koichiro Sueyoshi
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laura Staudenmaier
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wolfgang G. Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, Vienna, A-1200 Austria
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Puchalska P, Huang X, Martin SE, Han X, Patti GJ, Crawford PA. Isotope Tracing Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Macrophage Polarization-State-Specific Metabolic Coordination across Intracellular Compartments. iScience 2018; 9:298-313. [PMID: 30448730 PMCID: PMC6240706 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We apply stable isotope tracing, mass-spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics, to reveal the biochemical space labeled by 13C-substrates in bone-marrow-derived macrophages. At the pathway level, classically (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-polarized, M1) and alternatively (interleukin [IL]-4-polarized, M2) polarized macrophages were 13C-labeled with surprising concordance. Total pools of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), an intermediate in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, were equally abundant in LPS- and IL-4-polarized macrophages. Informatic scrutiny of 13C-isotopologues revealed that LPS-polarized macrophages leverage the pentose phosphate pathway to generate UDP-GlcNAc, whereas IL-4-polarized macrophages rely on intact glucose and mitochondrial metabolism of glucose carbon. Labeling from [13C]glucose is competed by unlabeled fatty acids and acetoacetate, underscoring the broad roles for substrate metabolism beyond energy conversion. Finally, the LPS-polarized macrophage metabolite itaconate is imported into IL-4-polarized macrophages, in which it reprograms [13C]glucose metabolism. Thus, use of fully unsupervised isotope tracing metabolomics in macrophages reveals polarization-state-specific metabolic pathway connectivity, substrate competition, and metabolite allocation among cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, MMC 194, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shannon E Martin
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, MMC 194, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Gkikas I, Palikaras K, Tavernarakis N. The Role of Mitophagy in Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1283. [PMID: 29951054 PMCID: PMC6008576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles essential for multiple biological processes, including energy production, metabolites biosynthesis, cell death, and immunological responses among others. Recent advances in the field of immunology research reveal the pivotal role of energy metabolism in innate immune cells fate and function. Therefore, the maintenance of mitochondrial network integrity and activity is a prerequisite for immune system homeostasis. Mitochondrial selective autophagy, known as mitophagy, surveils mitochondrial population eliminating superfluous and/or impaired organelles and mediating cellular survival and viability in response to injury/trauma and infection. Defective removal of damaged mitochondria leads to hyperactivation of inflammatory signaling pathways and subsequently to chronic systemic inflammation and development of inflammatory diseases. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy and highlight its critical role in the innate immune system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Gkikas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Palikaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Kumar V. Targeting macrophage immunometabolism: Dawn in the darkness of sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:173-185. [PMID: 29625385 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is known since the time (470 BC) of great Greek physician, Hippocrates. Advancement in modern medicine and establishment of separate branches of medical science dealing with sepsis research have improved its outcome. However, mortality associated with sepsis still remains higher (25-30%) that further increases to 40-50% in the presence of septic shock. For example, sepsis-associated deaths account more in comparison to deaths-associated with myocardial-infarction and certain cancers (i.e. breast and colorectal cancer). However, it is now well established that profound activation of innate immune cells including macrophages play a very important role in the immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Macrophages are sentinel cells of the innate immune system with their location varying from peripheral blood to various target organs including lungs, liver, brain, kidneys, skin, testes, vascular endothelium etc. Thus, profound and dysregulated activation of these cells during sepsis can directly impact the outcome of sepsis. However, the emergence of the concept of immunometabolism as a major controller of immune response has raised a new hope for identifying new targets for immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches. Thus this present review starts with an introduction of sepsis as a major medical problem worldwide and signifies the role of dysregulated innate immune response including macrophages in its immunopathogenesis. Thereafter, subsequent sections describe changes in immunometabolic stage of macrophages (both M1 and M2) during sepsis. The article ends with the discussion of novel macrophage-specific therapeutic targets targeting their immunometabolism during sepsis and epigenetic regulation of macrophage immunometabolism and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia.
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Thornton C, Jones A, Nair S, Aabdien A, Mallard C, Hagberg H. Mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and biogenesis in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:812-830. [PMID: 29265370 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, resulting from asphyxia during birth, affects 2-3 in every 1000 term infants and depending on severity, brings about life-changing neurological consequences or death. This hypoxic-ischaemia (HI) results in a delayed neural energy failure during which the majority of brain injury occurs. Currently, there are limited treatment options and additional therapies are urgently required. Mitochondrial dysfunction acts as a focal point in injury development in the immature brain. Not only do mitochondria become permeabilised, but recent findings implicate perturbations in mitochondrial dynamics (fission, fusion), mitophagy and biogenesis. Mitoprotective therapies may therefore offer a new avenue of intervention for babies who suffer lifelong disabilities due to birth asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Thornton
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adam Jones
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Syam Nair
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Afra Aabdien
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carina Mallard
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,Perinatal Center, Department of Clinical Sciences & Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Leaw B, Nair S, Lim R, Thornton C, Mallard C, Hagberg H. Mitochondria, Bioenergetics and Excitotoxicity: New Therapeutic Targets in Perinatal Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:199. [PMID: 28747873 PMCID: PMC5506196 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the fragile immature brain is implicated in the manifestation of long-term neurological disorders, including childhood disability such as cerebral palsy, learning disability and behavioral disorders. Advancements in perinatal practice and improved care mean the majority of infants suffering from perinatal brain injury will survive, with many subtle clinical symptoms going undiagnosed until later in life. Hypoxic-ischemia is the dominant cause of perinatal brain injury, and constitutes a significant socioeconomic burden to both developed and developing countries. Therapeutic hypothermia is the sole validated clinical intervention to perinatal asphyxia; however it is not always neuroprotective and its utility is limited to developed countries. There is an urgent need to better understand the molecular pathways underlying hypoxic-ischemic injury to identify new therapeutic targets in such a small but critical therapeutic window. Mitochondria are highly implicated following ischemic injury due to their roles as the powerhouse and main energy generators of the cell, as well as cell death processes. While the link between impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and secondary energy failure following loss of high-energy phosphates is well established after hypoxia-ischemia (HI), there is emerging evidence that the roles of mitochondria in disease extend far beyond this. Indeed, mitochondrial turnover, including processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission and mitophagy, affect recovery of neurons after injury and mitochondria are involved in the regulation of the innate immune response to inflammation. This review article will explore these mitochondrial pathways, and finally will summarize past and current efforts in targeting these pathways after hypoxic-ischemic injury, as a means of identifying new avenues for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Leaw
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Syam Nair
- Perinatal Center, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University ClaytonClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire Thornton
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' HospitalLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Mallard
- Perinatal Center, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' HospitalLondon, United Kingdom.,Perinatal Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg UniversityGothenburg, Sweden
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