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Butch E, Prideaux M, Holland M, Phan JT, Trent C, Soon V, Hutchins G, Smith L. The 'bIUreactor': An Open-Source 3D Tissue Research Platform. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1678-1692. [PMID: 38532173 PMCID: PMC11082015 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
We developed the open-source bIUreactor research platform for studying 3D structured tissues. The versatile and modular platform allows a researcher to generate 3D tissues, culture them with oxygenated perfusion, and provide cyclic loading, all in their own lab (in laboratorium) for an all in cost of $8,000 including 3D printer, printing resin, and electronics. We achieved this by applying a design philosophy that leverages 3D printing, open-source software and hardware, and practical techniques to produce the following: 1. perfusible 3D tissues, 2. a bioreactor chamber for tissue culture, 3. a module for applying cyclic compression, 4. a peristaltic pump for providing oxygenated perfusion to 3D tissues, 5. motor control units, and 6. open-source code for running the control units. By making it widely available for researchers to investigate 3D tissue models and easy for them to use, we intend for the bIUreactor to democratize 3D tissue research, therefore increasing the pace and scale of biomedical research discoveries using 3D tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Butch
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark Holland
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Justin-Thuy Phan
- Smith BioFab Lab, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cole Trent
- Smith BioFab Lab, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Victor Soon
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gary Hutchins
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lester Smith
- Smith BioFab Lab, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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2
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Huniadi M, Nosálová N, Almášiová V, Horňáková Ľ, Valenčáková A, Hudáková N, Cizkova D. Three-Dimensional Cultivation a Valuable Tool for Modelling Canine Mammary Gland Tumour Behaviour In Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:695. [PMID: 38667310 PMCID: PMC11049302 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell cultivation has been one of the most popular methods in research for decades. Currently, scientists routinely use two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures of commercially available cell lines and primary cultures to study cellular behaviour, responses to stimuli, and interactions with their environment in a controlled laboratory setting. In recent years, 3D cultivation has gained more attention in modern biomedical research, mainly due to its numerous advantages compared to 2D cultures. One of the main goals where 3D culture models are used is the investigation of tumour diseases, in both animals and humans. The ability to simulate the tumour microenvironment and design 3D masses allows us to monitor all the processes that take place in tumour tissue created not only from cell lines but directly from the patient's tumour cells. One of the tumour types for which 3D culture methods are often used in research is the canine mammary gland tumour (CMT). The clinically similar profile of the CMT and breast tumours in humans makes the CMT a suitable model for studying the issue not only in animals but also in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Huniadi
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Natália Nosálová
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Viera Almášiová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Ľubica Horňáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Nikola Hudáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
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3
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Kazama R, Sakai S. Effect of cell adhesiveness of Cell Dome shell on enclosed HeLa cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:313-320. [PMID: 38307767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The Cell Dome is a dome-shaped structure (diameter: 1 mm, height: 270 μm) with cells enclosed within a cavity, covered by a hemispherical hydrogel shell, and immobilized on a glass plate. Given that the cells within Cell Dome are in contact with the inner walls of the hydrogel shell, the properties of the shell are anticipated to influence cell behavior. To date, the impact of the hydrogel shell properties on the enclosed cells has not been investigated. In this study, we explored the effects of the cell adhesiveness of hydrogel shell on the behavior of enclosed cancer cells. Hydrogel shells with varying degrees of cell adhesiveness were fabricated using aqueous solutions containing either an alginate derivative with phenolic hydroxyl moieties exclusively or a mixture of alginate and gelatin derivatives with phenolic hydroxyl moieties. Hydrogel formation was mediated by horseradish peroxidase. We used the HeLa human cervical cancer cell line, which expresses fucci2, a cell cycle marker, to observe cell behavior. Cells cultured in hydrogel shells with cell adhesiveness proliferated along the inner wall of the hydrogel shell. Conversely, cells in hydrogel shells without cell adhesiveness grew uniformly at the bottom of the cavities. Furthermore, cells in non-adhesive hydrogel shells had a higher percentage of cells in the G1/G0 phase compared to those in adhesive shells and exhibited increased resistance to mitomycin hydrochloride when the cavities became filled with cells. These results highlight the need to consider the cell adhesiveness of the hydrogel shell when selecting materials for constructing Cell Dome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Kazama
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Shinji Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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4
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Lin G, Pan W, He Y, Yi X, Zhou P, Lu J. Opportunities and Perspectives for Three Dimensional Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38265004 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that participate in intercellular communication through surface proteins and the delivery of internal cargo. The exosomes have gained attention for their potential as disease biomarkers and therapeutic agents. The therapeutic ability of exosomes has been verified by copious previous studies. Effective methods for extensive clinical applications are being researched for exosome-based regenerative therapies, including the application of 3D cultures to enhance exosome production and secretion, which can resolve limited exosome secretion from the parent cells. Cell culture has emerged as a crucial approach for biomedical research because of its many benefits. Both well-established continuous cell lines and primary cell cultures continue to be invaluable for basic research and clinical application. Previous studies have shown that three-dimensional cultured exosomes (3D-Exo) improve therapeutic properties and yields compared with traditional culture systems. Since the majority of studies have focused on exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo), this review will also concentrate on MSC-Exo. In this review, we will summarize the advantages of 3D-Exo and introduce the 3D culture system and methods of exosome isolation, providing scientific strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a wide variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Lin
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wennuo Pan
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinde He
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Bodio C, Milesi A, Lonati PA, Chighizola CB, Mauro A, Pradotto LG, Meroni PL, Borghi MO, Raschi E. Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells in Three-Dimensional Models: A New Tool for Addressing the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis as a Prototype of Fibrotic Vasculopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2780. [PMID: 38474040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional in vitro cultures have represented a milestone in biomedical and pharmacological research. However, they cannot replicate the architecture and interactions of in vivo tissues. Moreover, ethical issues regarding the use of animals have triggered strategies alternative to animal models. The development of three-dimensional (3D) models offers a relevant tool to investigate disease pathogenesis and treatment, modeling in vitro the in vivo environment. We aimed to develop a dynamic 3D in vitro model for culturing human endothelial cells (ECs) and skin fibroblasts, simulating the structure of the tissues mainly affected in systemic sclerosis (SSc), a prototypical autoimmune fibrotic vasculopathy. Dermal fibroblasts and umbilical vein ECs grown in scaffold or hydrogel, respectively, were housed in bioreactors under flow. Fibroblasts formed a tissue-like texture with the deposition of a new extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECs assembled tube-shaped structures with cell polarization. The fine-tuned dynamic modular system allowing 3D fibroblast/EC culture connection represents a valuable model of the in vivo interplay between the main players in fibrotic vasculopathy as SSc. This model can lead to a more accurate study of the disease's pathogenesis, avoiding the use of animals, and to the development of novel therapies, possibly resulting in improved patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Bodio
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Milesi
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Paola Adele Lonati
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Beatrice Chighizola
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- U.O.C. Clinica Reumatologica Pediatrica, ASST G. Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauro
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Guglielmo Pradotto
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Raschi
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
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6
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Soeiro JF, Sousa FL, Monteiro MV, Gaspar VM, Silva NJO, Mano JF. Advances in screening hyperthermic nanomedicines in 3D tumor models. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:334-364. [PMID: 38204336 PMCID: PMC10896258 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Hyperthermic nanomedicines are particularly relevant for tackling human cancer, providing a valuable alternative to conventional therapeutics. The early-stage preclinical performance evaluation of such anti-cancer treatments is conventionally performed in flat 2D cell cultures that do not mimic the volumetric heat transfer occurring in human tumors. Recently, improvements in bioengineered 3D in vitro models have unlocked the opportunity to recapitulate major tumor microenvironment hallmarks and generate highly informative readouts that can contribute to accelerating the discovery and validation of efficient hyperthermic treatments. Leveraging on this, herein we aim to showcase the potential of engineered physiomimetic 3D tumor models for evaluating the preclinical efficacy of hyperthermic nanomedicines, featuring the main advantages and design considerations under diverse testing scenarios. The most recent applications of 3D tumor models for screening photo- and/or magnetic nanomedicines will be discussed, either as standalone systems or in combinatorial approaches with other anti-cancer therapeutics. We envision that breakthroughs toward developing multi-functional 3D platforms for hyperthermia onset and follow-up will contribute to a more expedited discovery of top-performing hyperthermic therapies in a preclinical setting before their in vivo screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F Soeiro
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipa L Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria V Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Nuno J O Silva
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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7
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Tevlek A. The role of decellularized cell derived extracellular matrix in the establishment and culture of in vitrobreast cancer tumor model. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025037. [PMID: 38286003 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Decades of research have shown that two-dimensional cell culture studies are insufficient for preclinical cancer diagnosis and treatment, and that cancer cells in three-dimensional (3D) culture systems have better cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, gene expression, heterogeneity, and structural complexity that more closely resemblein vivotumors. Researchers are still optimizing 3D culturing settings for different cancers. Despite promising tumor spheroid research, tumor cell-only aggregates lack the tumor microenvironment and cannot model tumors. Here, MCF-7 breast cancer cell derived decellularized extracellular matrix (CD-dECMs) were obtained and converted into autologous, biologically active, biocompatible, and non-immunogenic hydrogels to be used as micro-environment in both organoid formation and culture. For the production of organoids, CD-dECM doping concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg ml-1to 1.5 mg ml-1were evaluated, and the lowest concentration was found to be the most effective. For organoid culture, 8 mg ml-1CD-dECM, 4 mg ml-1rat tendon collagen type I (Col I) (4 mg ml-1) and a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of these two were used and the most viable and the biggest organoids were discovered in CD-dECM/Col I (1:1) group. The results show that autologous CD-dECM can replace hydrogels in tumor organoid generation and culture at low and high concentrations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Tevlek
- Middle East Technical University (METU), MEMS Research and Application Center, 06530 Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Zingales V, Esposito MR, Quagliata M, Cimetta E, Ruiz MJ. Comparative Study of Spheroids (3D) and Monolayer Cultures (2D) for the In Vitro Assessment of Cytotoxicity Induced by the Mycotoxins Sterigmatocystin, Ochratoxin A and Patulin. Foods 2024; 13:564. [PMID: 38397541 PMCID: PMC10887621 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi associated with a variety of acute and chronic foodborne diseases. Current toxicology studies mainly rely on monolayer cell cultures and animal models, which are undeniably affected by several limitations. To bridge the gap between the current in vitro toxicology approach and the in vivo predictability of the data, we here investigated the cytotoxic effects induced by the mycotoxins sterigmatocystin (STE), ochratoxin A (OTA) and patulin (PAT) on different 2D and 3D cell cultures. We focused on human tumours (neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and epithelial breast cancer MDA-MB-213 cells) and healthy cells (bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, BM-MSC, and umbilical vein endothelial cells, HUVECs). The cytotoxicity of STE, OTA, and PAT was determined after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure using an ATP assay in both culture models. Three-dimensional spheroids' morphology was also analysed using the MATLAB-based open source software AnaSP 1.4 version. Our results highlight how each cell line and different culture models showed specific sensitivities, reinforcing the importance of using more complex models for toxicology studies and a multiple cell line approach for an improved and more comprehensive risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zingales
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxics Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox), 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.E.); (M.Q.); (E.C.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Esposito
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.E.); (M.Q.); (E.C.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Quagliata
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.E.); (M.Q.); (E.C.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Cimetta
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.E.); (M.Q.); (E.C.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxics Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox), 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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Garnique ADMB, Machado-Santelli GM. Characterization of 3D NSCLC Cell Cultures with Fibroblasts or Macrophages for Tumor Microenvironment Studies and Chemotherapy Screening. Cells 2023; 12:2790. [PMID: 38132110 PMCID: PMC10742261 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of 3D cell culture has increased in recent years as a model that mimics the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is characterized by exhibiting cellular heterogeneity, allowing the modulation of different signaling pathways that enrich this microenvironment. The TME exhibits two main cell populations: cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). The aim of this study was to investigate 3D cell cultures of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) alone and in combination with short-term cultured dermal fibroblasts (FDH) and with differentiated macrophages of the THP-1 cell line. Homotypic and heterotypic spheroids were morphologically characterized using light microscopy, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Cell viability, cycle profiling and migration assay were performed, followed by the evaluation of the effects of some chemotherapeutic and potential compounds on homotypic and heterotypic spheroids. Both homotypic and heterotypic spheroids of NSCLC were generated with fibroblasts or macrophages. Heterotypic spheroids with fibroblast formed faster, while homotypic ones reached larger sizes. Different cell populations were identified based on spheroid zoning, and drug effects varied between spheroid types. Interestingly, heterotypic spheroids with fibroblasts showed similar responses to the treatment with different compounds, despite being smaller. Cellular viability analysis required multiple methods, since the responses varied depending on the spheroid type. Because of this, the complexity of the spheroid should be considered when analyzing compound effects. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of the behavior and response of NSCLC cells in 3D microenvironments, providing valuable insights for future research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glaucia Maria Machado-Santelli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ave., Prof, Lineu Prestes, 1524, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
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10
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Rodrigues MT, Michelli APP, Caso GF, de Oliveira PR, Rodrigues-Junior DM, Morale MG, Machado Júnior J, Bortoluci KR, Tamura RE, da Silva TRC, Raminelli C, Chau E, Godin B, Calil-Silveira J, Rubio IGS. Lysicamine Reduces Protein Kinase B (AKT) Activation and Promotes Necrosis in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1687. [PMID: 38139812 PMCID: PMC10748177 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive form of thyroid cancer (TC), accounting for 50% of total TC-related deaths. Although therapeutic approaches against TC have improved in recent years, the survival rate remains low, and severe adverse effects are commonly reported. However, unexplored alternatives based on natural compounds, such as lysicamine, an alkaloid found in plants with established cytotoxicity against breast and liver cancers, offer promise. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the antineoplastic effects of lysicamine in papillary TC (BCPAP) and ATC (HTH83 and KTC-2) cells. Lysicamine treatment reduced cell viability, motility, colony formation, and AKT activation while increasing the percentage of necrotic cells. The absence of caspase activity confirmed apoptosis-independent cell death. Necrostatin-1 (NEC-1)-mediated necrosome inhibition reduced lysicamine-induced necrosis in KTC-2, suggesting necroptosis induction via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent mechanism. Additionally, in silico analysis predicted lysicamine target proteins, particularly those related to MAPK and TGF-β signaling. Our study demonstrated lysicamine's potential as an antineoplastic compound in ATC cells with a proposed mechanism related to inhibiting AKT activation and inducing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Teixeira Rodrigues
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.T.R.); (A.P.P.M.); (G.F.C.); (P.R.d.O.); (J.C.-S.)
- Structural and Functional Biology Post-Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
| | - Ana Paula Picaro Michelli
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.T.R.); (A.P.P.M.); (G.F.C.); (P.R.d.O.); (J.C.-S.)
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
| | - Gustavo Felisola Caso
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.T.R.); (A.P.P.M.); (G.F.C.); (P.R.d.O.); (J.C.-S.)
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
| | - Paloma Ramos de Oliveira
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.T.R.); (A.P.P.M.); (G.F.C.); (P.R.d.O.); (J.C.-S.)
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
| | - Dorival Mendes Rodrigues-Junior
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mirian Galliote Morale
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
| | - Joel Machado Júnior
- Biological Science Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09920-000, Brazil;
| | - Karina Ramalho Bortoluci
- Pharmacology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Biological Science Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09920-000, Brazil;
- Biology–Chemistry Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09920-000, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Reissa Cipriano da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09920-000, Brazil; (T.R.C.d.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Cristiano Raminelli
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09920-000, Brazil; (T.R.C.d.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Eric Chau
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.C.); (B.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jamile Calil-Silveira
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.T.R.); (A.P.P.M.); (G.F.C.); (P.R.d.O.); (J.C.-S.)
- Health Board III, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Ileana G. Sanchez Rubio
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.T.R.); (A.P.P.M.); (G.F.C.); (P.R.d.O.); (J.C.-S.)
- Structural and Functional Biology Post-Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Biological Science Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09920-000, Brazil;
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11
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Niu B, Wu Y, Zhou M, Lin R, Ge P, Chen X, Zhou H, Zhang X, Xie J. Precise delivery of celastrol by PEGylated aptamer dendrimer nanoconjugates for enormous therapeutic effect via superior intratumor penetration over antibody counterparts. Cancer Lett 2023; 579:216461. [PMID: 37898358 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-coated nanoparticles have been reported to have the extremely low delivery efficiency in solid tumors in preclinical trials. Though aptamers were considered to be superior over antibodies in cancer theranostics, whether PEGylated aptamer nanoparticles are better than antibody nanoparticles in improving delivery specificity and penetration efficiency of chemotherapeutics is still unknown. Here, we conjugate celastrol, a natural product with anti-tumor effect, onto PEGylated EpCAM aptamer or antibody dendrimers to obtain two nanoconjugates, and for the first time, conduct a comprehensive study to compare their performance in delivery specificity, intratumoral penetration ability and therapeutic outcomes. Our results showed that compared to antibody counterparts, PEGylated aptamer nanoconjugates exhibited the enhanced accumulation and retention specificities at tumor sites and the stronger intratumoral penetration capabilities by reducing the macrophage reservoir effects in solid tumors. When delivered celastrol to a colorectal xenograft tumor mice model by PEGylated aptamer dendrimers, 20 % of enhanced therapeutic efficiency was achieved compared to that by antibody-modified ones. Moreover, celastrol at 2 mg/kg delivered by PEGylated aptamer dendrimers showed the prominent anticancer efficiency (nearly 92 %) but without obvious side effects. These data firstly provide the proof-of-concept implementation that PEGylated aptamer nanoconjugates will display the great potential in the effective and safe cancer treatment with regard to the superiority over antibody ones in penetration abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuehuang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Ruimiao Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Pengjin Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Xiaokun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
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12
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Fulton DA, Dura G, Peters DT. The polymer and materials science of the bacterial fimbriae Caf1. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7229-7246. [PMID: 37791425 PMCID: PMC10628683 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Fimbriae are long filamentous polymeric protein structures located upon the surface of bacteria. Often implicated in pathogenicity, the biosynthesis and function of fimbriae has been a productive topic of study for many decades. Evolutionary pressures have ensured that fimbriae possess unique structural and mechanical properties which are advantageous to bacteria. These properties are also difficult to engineer with well-known synthetic and natural fibres, and this has raised an intriguing question: can we exploit the unique properties of bacterial fimbriae in useful ways? Initial work has set out to explore this question by using Capsular antigen fragment 1 (Caf1), a fimbriae expressed naturally by Yersina pestis. These fibres have evolved to 'shield' the bacterium from the immune system of an infected host, and thus are rather bioinert in nature. Caf1 is, however, very amenable to structural mutagenesis which allows the incorporation of useful bioactive functions and the modulation of the fibre's mechanical properties. Its high-yielding recombinant synthesis also ensures plentiful quantities of polymer are available to drive development. These advantageous features make Caf1 an archetype for the development of new polymers and materials based upon bacterial fimbriae. Here, we cover recent advances in this new field, and look to future possibilities of this promising biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Fulton
- Chemistry-School of Natural Science and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Gema Dura
- Chemistry-School of Natural Science and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Orgánica y Bioquímica Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICAAvda, C. J. Cela, 10, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Daniel T Peters
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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13
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Brauge B, Dessauge E, Creusat F, Tarte K. Modeling the crosstalk between malignant B cells and their microenvironment in B-cell lymphomas: challenges and opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1288110. [PMID: 38022603 PMCID: PMC10652758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphomas are a group of heterogeneous neoplasms resulting from the clonal expansion of mature B cells arrested at various stages of differentiation. Specifically, two lymphoma subtypes arise from germinal centers (GCs), namely follicular lymphoma (FL) and GC B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (GCB-DLBCL). In addition to recent advances in describing the genetic landscape of FL and GCB-DLBCL, tumor microenvironment (TME) has progressively emerged as a central determinant of early lymphomagenesis, subclonal evolution, and late progression/transformation. The lymphoma-supportive niche integrates a dynamic and coordinated network of immune and stromal cells defining microarchitecture and mechanical constraints and regulating tumor cell migration, survival, proliferation, and immune escape. Several questions are still unsolved regarding the interplay between lymphoma B cells and their TME, including the mechanisms supporting these bidirectional interactions, the impact of the kinetic and spatial heterogeneity of the tumor niche on B-cell heterogeneity, and how individual genetic alterations can trigger both B-cell intrinsic and B-cell extrinsic signals driving the reprogramming of non-malignant cells. Finally, it is not clear whether these interactions might promote resistance to treatment or, conversely, offer valuable therapeutic opportunities. A major challenge in addressing these questions is the lack of relevant models integrating tumor cells with specific genetic hits, non-malignant cells with adequate functional properties and organization, extracellular matrix, and biomechanical forces. We propose here an overview of the 3D in vitro models, xenograft approaches, and genetically-engineered mouse models recently developed to study GC B-cell lymphomas with a specific focus on the pros and cons of each strategy in understanding B-cell lymphomagenesis and evaluating new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Brauge
- UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
| | - Elise Dessauge
- UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
| | - Florent Creusat
- UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
- SITI Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rennes, Etablissement Français du sang, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
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14
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Chen S, Wang Z, Lu H, Yang R, Wu J. Crucial Factors Influencing the Involvement of Odontogenic Exosomes in Dental Pulp Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2632-2649. [PMID: 37578647 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in exosome based studies has revealed that they possess several advantages over cells, including "cell-free" properties, low immunogenicity and ethical controversy, high biological safety and effective action. These characteristics confer exosomes significant advantages that allow them to overcome the limitations associated with traditional "cell therapy" by circumventing the issues of immune rejection, scarcity of donor cells, heterogeneity, and ethical concerns. Identification of a complete and effective radical treatment for irreversible pulpal disease, a common clinical problem, continues to pose challenges. Although traditional root canal therapy remains the primary clinical treatment, it does not fully restore the physiological functions of pulp. Although stem cell transplantation appears to be a relatively viable treatment strategy for pulp disease, issues such as cell heterogeneity and poor regeneration effects remain problematic. Dental pulp regeneration strategies based on "cell-free" exosome therapies explored by numerous studies appear to have shown significant advantages. In particular, exosomes derived from odontogenic stem cells have demonstrated considerable potential in tooth tissue regeneration engineering, and continue to exhibit superior therapeutic effects compared to non-odontogenic stem cell-derived exosomes. However, only a few studies have comprehensively summarised their research results, particularly regarding the critical factors involved in the process. Therefore, in this study, our purpose was to review the effects exerted by odontogenic exosomes on pulp regeneration and to analyse and discus crucial factors related to this process, thereby providing scholars with a feasible and manageable new concept with respect to regeneration schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- San Chen
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongqiao Lu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Runze Yang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
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15
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Luo Q, Shang K, Zhu J, Wu Z, Cao T, Ahmed AAQ, Huang C, Xiao L. Biomimetic cell culture for cell adhesive propagation for tissue engineering strategies. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4662-4685. [PMID: 37705440 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00849e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic cell culture, which involves creating a biomimetic microenvironment for cells in vitro by engineering approaches, has aroused increasing interest given that it maintains the normal cellular phenotype, genotype and functions displayed in vivo. Therefore, it can provide a more precise platform for disease modelling, drug development and regenerative medicine than the conventional plate cell culture. In this review, initially, we discuss the principle of biomimetic cell culture in terms of the spatial microenvironment, chemical microenvironment, and physical microenvironment. Then, the main strategies of biomimetic cell culture and their state-of-the-art progress are summarized. To create a biomimetic microenvironment for cells, a variety of strategies has been developed, ranging from conventional scaffold strategies, such as macroscopic scaffolds, microcarriers, and microgels, to emerging scaffold-free strategies, such as spheroids, organoids, and assembloids, to simulate the native cellular microenvironment. Recently, 3D bioprinting and microfluidic chip technology have been applied as integrative platforms to obtain more complex biomimetic structures. Finally, the challenges in this area are discussed and future directions are discussed to shed some light on the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Keyuan Shang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Zhaoying Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Tiefeng Cao
- Department of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chixiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Lin Xiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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16
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van Niekerk A, Wrzesinski K, Steyn D, Gouws C. A Novel NCI-H69AR Drug-Resistant Small-Cell Lung Cancer Mini-Tumor Model for Anti-Cancer Treatment Screening. Cells 2023; 12:1980. [PMID: 37566059 PMCID: PMC10416941 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer is a fast-growing carcinoma with a poor prognosis and a high level of relapse due to multi-drug resistance (MDR). Genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of efflux transporter proteins can contribute to MDR. In vitro cancer models play a tremendous role in chemotherapy development and the screening of possible anti-cancer molecules. Low-cost and simple in vitro models are normally used. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) models have numerous shortcomings when considering the physiological resemblance of an in vivo setting. Three-dimensional (3D) models aim to bridge the gap between conventional 2D models and the in vivo setting. Some of the advantages of functional 3D spheroids include better representation of the in vivo physiology and tumor characteristics when compared to traditional 2D cultures. During this study, an NCI-H69AR drug-resistant mini-tumor model (MRP1 hyperexpressive) was developed by making use of a rotating clinostat bioreactor system (ClinoStar®; CelVivo ApS, Odense, Denmark). Spheroid growth and viability were assessed over a 25-day period to determine the ideal experimental period with mature and metabolically stable constructs. The applicability of this model for anti-cancer research was evaluated through treatment with irinotecan, paclitaxel and cisplatin for 96 h, followed by a 96 h recovery period. Parameters measured included planar surface area measurements, estimated glucose consumption, soluble protein content, intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels, extracellular adenylate kinase levels, histology and efflux transporter gene expression. The established functional spheroid model proved viable and stable during the treatment period, with retained relative hyperexpression of the MRP1 efflux transporter gene but increased expression of the P-gp transporter gene compared to the cells cultured in 2D. As expected, treatment with the abovementioned anti-cancer drugs at clinical doses (100 mg/m2 irinotecan, 80 mg/m2 paclitaxel and 75 mg/m2 cisplatin) had minimal impact on the drug-resistant mini-tumors, and the functional spheroid models were able to recover following the removal of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alandi van Niekerk
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (A.v.N.); (K.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Wrzesinski
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (A.v.N.); (K.W.); (D.S.)
- CelVivo ApS, 5491 Blommenslyst, Denmark
| | - Dewald Steyn
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (A.v.N.); (K.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (A.v.N.); (K.W.); (D.S.)
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17
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de Barros NR, Gomez A, Ermis M, Falcone N, Haghniaz R, Young P, Gao Y, Aquino AF, Li S, Niu S, Chen R, Huang S, Zhu Y, Eliahoo P, Sun A, Khorsandi D, Kim J, Kelber J, Khademhosseini A, Kim HJ, Li B. Gelatin methacryloyl and Laponite bioink for 3D bioprinted organotypic tumor modeling. Biofabrication 2023; 15:10.1088/1758-5090/ace0db. [PMID: 37348491 PMCID: PMC10683563 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ace0db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D)in vitrotumor models that can capture the pathophysiology of human tumors are essential for cancer biology and drug development. However, simulating the tumor microenvironment is still challenging because it consists of a heterogeneous mixture of various cellular components and biological factors. In this regard, current extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking hydrogels used in tumor tissue engineering lack physical interactions that can keep biological factors released by encapsulated cells within the hydrogel and improve paracrine interactions. Here, we developed a nanoengineered ion-covalent cross-linkable bioink to construct 3D bioprinted organotypic tumor models. The bioink was designed to implement the tumor ECM by creating an interpenetrating network composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), a light cross-linkable polymer, and synthetic nanosilicate (Laponite) that exhibits a unique ionic charge to improve retention of biological factors released by the encapsulated cells and assist in paracrine signals. The physical properties related to printability were evaluated to analyze the effect of Laponite hydrogel on bioink. Low GelMA (5%) with high Laponite (2.5%-3.5%) composite hydrogels and high GelMA (10%) with low Laponite (1.0%-2.0%) composite hydrogels showed acceptable mechanical properties for 3D printing. However, a low GelMA composite hydrogel with a high Laponite content could not provide acceptable cell viability. Fluorescent cell labeling studies showed that as the proportion of Laponite increased, the cells became more aggregated to form larger 3D tumor structures. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot experiments showed that an increase in the Laponite ratio induces upregulation of growth factor and tissue remodeling-related genes and proteins in tumor cells. In contrast, cell cycle and proliferation-related genes were downregulated. On the other hand, concerning fibroblasts, the increase in the Laponite ratio indicated an overall upregulation of the mesenchymal phenotype-related genes and proteins. Our study may provide a rationale for using Laponite-based hydrogels in 3D cancer modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Roberto de Barros
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Gomez
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
- Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, United States of America
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, United States of America
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, TX 76706, United Ustates of America
| | - Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
| | - Patric Young
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
| | - Yaqi Gao
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
- Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, United States of America
| | - Albert-Fred Aquino
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, United States of America
| | - Siyuan Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
- Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, United States of America
- METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Siyi Niu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
- Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States of America
| | - RunRun Chen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
- Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, United States of America
| | - Shuyi Huang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
- Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, United States of America
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
| | - Payam Eliahoo
- Department of Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Arthur Sun
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
- Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
| | - Jinjoo Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Kelber
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Bingbing Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
- Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, United States of America
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18
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Ahmed T. Biomaterial-based in vitro 3D modeling of glioblastoma multiforme. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:177-194. [PMID: 38327839 PMCID: PMC10846340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Adult-onset brain cancers, such as glioblastomas, are particularly lethal. People with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) do not anticipate living for more than 15 months if there is no cure. The results of conventional treatments over the past 20 years have been underwhelming. Tumor aggressiveness, location, and lack of systemic therapies that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier are all contributing factors. For GBM treatments that appear promising in preclinical studies, there is a considerable rate of failure in phase I and II clinical trials. Unfortunately, access becomes impossible due to the intricate architecture of tumors. In vitro, bioengineered cancer models are currently being used by researchers to study disease development, test novel therapies, and advance specialized medications. Many different techniques for creating in vitro systems have arisen over the past few decades due to developments in cellular and tissue engineering. Later-stage research may yield better results if in vitro models that resemble brain tissue and the blood-brain barrier are used. With the use of 3D preclinical models made available by biomaterials, researchers have discovered that it is possible to overcome these limitations. Innovative in vitro models for the treatment of GBM are possible using biomaterials and novel drug carriers. This review discusses the benefits and drawbacks of 3D in vitro glioblastoma modeling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
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19
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Li W, Zhou Z, Zhou X, Khoo BL, Gunawan R, Chin YR, Zhang L, Yi C, Guan X, Yang M. 3D Biomimetic Models to Reconstitute Tumor Microenvironment In Vitro: Spheroids, Organoids, and Tumor-on-a-Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202609. [PMID: 36917657 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Decades of efforts in engineering in vitro cancer models have advanced drug discovery and the insight into cancer biology. However, the establishment of preclinical models that enable fully recapitulating the tumor microenvironment remains challenging owing to its intrinsic complexity. Recent progress in engineering techniques has allowed the development of a new generation of in vitro preclinical models that can recreate complex in vivo tumor microenvironments and accurately predict drug responses, including spheroids, organoids, and tumor-on-a-chip. These biomimetic 3D tumor models are of particular interest as they pave the way for better understanding of cancer biology and accelerating the development of new anticancer therapeutics with reducing animal use. Here, the recent advances in developing these in vitro platforms for cancer modeling and preclinical drug screening, focusing on incorporating hydrogels are reviewed to reconstitute physiologically relevant microenvironments. The combination of spheroids/organoids with microfluidic technologies is also highlighted to better mimic in vivo tumors and discuss the challenges and future directions in the clinical translation of such models for drug screening and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Li
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhihang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Bee Luan Khoo
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Renardi Gunawan
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Y Rebecca Chin
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Changqing Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 518107, China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
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20
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Zingales V, Esposito MR, Torriero N, Taroncher M, Cimetta E, Ruiz MJ. The Growing Importance of Three-Dimensional Models and Microphysiological Systems in the Assessment of Mycotoxin Toxicity. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:422. [PMID: 37505691 PMCID: PMC10467068 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current investigations in the field of toxicology mostly rely on 2D cell cultures and animal models. Although well-accepted, the traditional 2D cell-culture approach has evident drawbacks and is distant from the in vivo microenvironment. To overcome these limitations, increasing efforts have been made in the development of alternative models that can better recapitulate the in vivo architecture of tissues and organs. Even though the use of 3D cultures is gaining popularity, there are still open questions on their robustness and standardization. In this review, we discuss the current spheroid culture and organ-on-a-chip techniques as well as the main conceptual and technical considerations for the correct establishment of such models. For each system, the toxicological functional assays are then discussed, highlighting their major advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. Finally, a focus on the applications of 3D cell culture for mycotoxin toxicity assessments is provided. Given the known difficulties in defining the safety ranges of exposure for regulatory agency policies, we are confident that the application of alternative methods may greatly improve the overall risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zingales
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.E.); (N.T.); (E.C.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Esposito
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.E.); (N.T.); (E.C.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Noemi Torriero
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.E.); (N.T.); (E.C.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Mercedes Taroncher
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Elisa Cimetta
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.E.); (N.T.); (E.C.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
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21
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Ferreira T, Gama A, Seixas F, Faustino-Rocha AI, Lopes C, Gaspar VM, Mano JF, Medeiros R, Oliveira PA. Mammary Glands of Women, Female Dogs and Female Rats: Similarities and Differences to Be Considered in Breast Cancer Research. Vet Sci 2023; 10:379. [PMID: 37368765 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common and well-known types of cancer among women worldwide and is the most frequent neoplasm in intact female dogs. Female dogs are considered attractive models or studying spontaneous breast cancer, whereas female rats are currently the most widely used animal models for breast cancer research in the laboratory context. Both female dogs and female rats have contributed to the advancement of scientific knowledge in this field, and, in a "One Health" approach, they have allowed broad understanding of specific biopathological pathways, influence of environmental factors and screening/discovery of candidate therapies. This review aims to clearly showcase the similarities and differences among woman, female dog and female rat concerning to anatomical, physiological and histological features of the mammary gland and breast/mammary cancer epidemiology, in order to better portray breast tumorigenesis, and to ensure appropriate conclusions and extrapolation of results among species. We also discuss the major aspects that stand out in these species. The mammary glands of female dogs and women share structural similarities, especially with respect to the lactiferous ducts and lymphatic drainage. In contrast, female rats have only one lactiferous duct per nipple. A comprehensive comparison between humans and dogs is given a special focus, as these species share several aspects in terms of breast/mammary cancer epidemiology, such as age of onset, hormonal etiology, risk factors, and the clinical course of the disease. Holistically, it is clear that each species has advantages and limitations that researchers must consider during the development of experimental designs and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelina Gama
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana I Faustino-Rocha
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department of the Portuguese League against Cancer-Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-177 Porto, Portugal
- Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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22
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Sun M, Zhang J, Fu W, Xuanyuan T, Liu W. Facile construction of a 3D tumor model with multiple biomimetic characteristics using a micropatterned chip for large-scale chemotherapy investigation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2161-2174. [PMID: 36943157 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The establishment and application of biomimetic preclinical tumor models for generalizable and high-throughput antitumor screening play a promising role in drug discovery and cancer therapeutics. Herein, a facile and robust microengineering-assisted methodology for highly biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) tumor construction for dynamic and large-scale antitumor investigation is developed using micropatterned array chips. The high fidelity, simplicity, and stability of chip fabrication are guaranteed by improved polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microcontact printing. The employment of a PDMS-micropatterned chip permits microscale, simple, biocompatible, and reproducible cell localization with quantity uniformity and 3D tumor array formation with geometric homogeneity. Array-like 3D tumor models possessing complex multilayer cell arrangements, diverse phenotypic gradients, and biochemical gradients were prepared based on the use of easy-to-operate chips. The applicability of the established biomimetic models in temporal and massive investigations of tumor responses to antitumor chemotherapy is also verified experimentally. The results support the importance of the dimensional geometry and biomimetic degree of 3D tumors when conducting antitumor screening to explore drug susceptibility and resistance. This work provides a facile and reliable strategy to perform highly biomimetic tumor manipulation and analysis, which holds great potential for applications in oncology, pharmacology, precision medicine, and tissue microengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Sun
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Wenzhu Fu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Tingting Xuanyuan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Wenming Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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23
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Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a multiple cascade process where tumor cells disseminate from the primary site to distant organs and subsequently adapt to the foreign microenvironment. Simulating the physiology of tumor metastatic events in a realistic and three-dimensional (3D) manner is a challenge for in vitro modeling. 3D bioprinting strategies, which can generate well-customized and bionic structures, enable the exploration of dynamic tumor metastasis process in a species-homologous, high-throughput and reproducible way. In this review, we summarize the recent application of 3D bioprinting in constructing in vitro tumor metastatic models and discuss its advantages and current limitations. Further perspectives on how to harness the potential of accessible 3D bioprinting strategies to better model tumor metastasis and guide anti-cancer therapies are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mengyi Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenzhe Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengkai Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Cancer Translational Medicine Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
- Cancer Translational Medicine Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
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24
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Zhang L, Liao W, Chen S, Chen Y, Cheng P, Lu X, Ma Y. Towards a New 3Rs Era in the construction of 3D cell culture models simulating tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1146477. [PMID: 37077835 PMCID: PMC10106600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1146477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture technology (3DCC) sits between two-dimensional cell culture (2DCC) and animal models and is widely used in oncology research. Compared to 2DCC, 3DCC allows cells to grow in a three-dimensional space, better simulating the in vivo growth environment of tumors, including hypoxia, nutrient concentration gradients, micro angiogenesis mimicism, and the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment matrix. 3DCC has unparalleled advantages when compared to animal models, being more controllable, operable, and convenient. This review summarizes the comparison between 2DCC and 3DCC, as well as recent advances in different methods to obtain 3D models and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Liao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimin Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengrui Cheng
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Lu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Chen Y, Gu Y, Hu H, Liu H, Li W, Huang C, Chen J, Liang L, Liu Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of liposome entrapped iridium(III) complexes toward SGC-7901 cells. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 241:112134. [PMID: 36706490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two new iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes [Ir(bzq)2(DIPH)](PF6) (bzq = deprotonated benzo[h]quinoline, DIPH = 4-(2,5-dibromo-4-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolim-2-yl)-4-hydroxybutan-2-one) (Ir1) and [Ir(piq)2(DIPH)](PF6) (piq = deprotonated 1-phenylisoquinoline) (Ir2) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, HRMS, 1H and 13C NMR. The cytotoxic activity of Ir1, Ir2, Ir1lipo and Ir2lipo against cancer cells SGC-7901, HepG2, A549, HeLa, B16 and normal NIH3T3 cells in vitro was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Ir1 and Ir2 showed no cytotoxic activity, but their liposome-entrapped Ir1 (Ir1lipo) and Ir2 (Ir2lipo) showed significant cellular activity, especially sensitive to SGC-7901 with IC50 values of 4.7 ± 0.2 and 12.4 ± 0.5 μM, respectively. The cellular uptake, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization, autophagy, tubulin polymerization, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and release of cytochrome c were investigated to explore the mechanisms of apoptosis. The calreticulin (CRT), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were also explored. Western blotting showed that Ir1lipo and Ir2lipo inhibited PI3K (phosphoinositide-3 kinase), AKT (protein kinase B), p-AKT and activated Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) protein and apoptosis-regulated factor caspase 3 (cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3) and cleaving PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase). The results demonstrated that Ir1lipo and Ir2lipo induce cell apoptosis through targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cause oxidative stress damage, inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, immunogenic cell death (ICD) and inhibit the cell growth at G2/M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yiying Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huiyan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haimei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenlong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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26
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Wang X, Chauhan G, Tacderas ARL, Muth A, Gupta V. Surface-Modified Inhaled Microparticle-Encapsulated Celastrol for Enhanced Efficacy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5204. [PMID: 36982279 PMCID: PMC10049545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive cancer affecting the pleural lining of the lungs. Celastrol (Cela), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has demonstrated promising therapeutic potential as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective agent, and anti-cancer agent. In this study, we developed inhaled surface-modified Cela-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microparticles (Cela MPs) for the treatment of MPM using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The optimized Cela MPs exhibited high entrapment efficiency (72.8 ± 6.1%) and possessed a wrinkled surface with a mean geometric diameter of ~2 µm and an aerodynamic diameter of 4.5 ± 0.1 µm, suggesting them to be suitable for pulmonary delivery. A subsequent release study showed an initial burst release up to 59.9 ± 2.9%, followed by sustained release. The therapeutic efficacy of Cela MPs was evaluated against four mesothelioma cell lines, where Cela MP exhibited significant reduction in IC50 values, and blank MPs produced no toxicity to normal cells. Additionally, a 3D-spheroid study was performed where a single dose of Cela MP at 1.0 µM significantly inhibited spheroid growth. Cela MP was also able to retain the antioxidant activity of Cela only while mechanistic studies revealed triggered autophagy and an induction of apoptosis. Therefore, these studies highlight the anti-mesothelioma activity of Cela and demonstrate that Cela MPs are a promising inhalable medicine for MPM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Gautam Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Alison R. L. Tacderas
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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27
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Tumor Spheroids as Model to Design Acoustically Mediated Drug Therapies: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030806. [PMID: 36986667 PMCID: PMC10056013 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor spheroids as well as multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) are promising 3D in vitro tumor models for drug screening, drug design, drug targeting, drug toxicity, and validation of drug delivery methods. These models partly reflect the tridimensional architecture of tumors, their heterogeneity and their microenvironment, which can alter the intratumoral biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The present review first focuses on current spheroid formation methods and then on in vitro investigations exploiting spheroids and MCTS for designing and validating acoustically mediated drug therapies. We discuss the limitations of the current studies and future perspectives. Various spheroid formation methods enable the easy and reproducible generation of spheroids and MCTSs. The development and assessment of acoustically mediated drug therapies have been mainly demonstrated in spheroids made up of tumor cells only. Despite the promising results obtained with these spheroids, the successful evaluation of these therapies will need to be addressed in more relevant 3D vascular MCTS models using MCTS-on-chip platforms. These MTCSs will be generated from patient-derived cancer cells and nontumor cells, such as fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells.
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28
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Mierke CT. Physical and biological advances in endothelial cell-based engineered co-culture model systems. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 147:58-69. [PMID: 36732105 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Scientific knowledge in the field of cell biology and mechanobiology heavily leans on cell-based in vitro experiments and models that favor the examination and comprehension of certain biological processes and occurrences across a variety of environments. Cell culture assays are an invaluable instrument for a vast spectrum of biomedical and biophysical investigations. The quality of experimental models in terms of simplicity, reproducibility, and combinability with other methods, and in particular the scale at which they depict cell fate in native tissues, is critical to advancing the knowledge of the comprehension of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in tissues and organs. Typically, in vitro models are centered on the experimental tinkering of mammalian cells, most often cultured as monolayers on planar, two-dimensional (2D) materials. Notwithstanding the significant advances and numerous findings that have been accomplished with flat biology models, their usefulness for generating further new biological understanding is constrained because the simple 2D setting does not reproduce the physiological response of cells in natural living tissues. In addition, the co-culture systems in a 2D stetting weakly mirror their natural environment of tissues and organs. Significant advances in 3D cell biology and matrix engineering have resulted in the creation and establishment of a new type of cell culture shapes that more accurately represents the in vivo microenvironment and allows cells and their interactions to be analyzed in a biomimetic approach. Contemporary biomedical and biophysical science has novel advances in technology that permit the design of more challenging and resilient in vitro models for tissue engineering, with a particular focus on scaffold- or hydrogel-based formats, organotypic cultures, and organs-on-chips, which cover the purposes of co-cultures. Even these complex systems must be kept as simplified as possible in order to grasp a particular section of physiology too very precisely. In particular, it is highly appreciated that they bridge the space between conventional animal research and human (patho)physiology. In this review, the recent progress in 3D biomimetic culturation is presented with a special focus on co-cultures, with an emphasis on the technological building blocks and endothelium-based co-culture models in cancer research that are available for the development of more physiologically relevant in vitro models of human tissues under normal and diseased conditions. Through applications and samples of various physiological and disease models, it is possible to identify the frontiers and future engagement issues that will have to be tackled to integrate synthetic biomimetic culture systems far more successfully into biomedical and biophysical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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29
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Fu W, Sun M, Zhang J, Xuanyuan T, Liu X, Zhou Y, Liu W. Combinatorial Drug Screening Based on Massive 3D Tumor Cultures Using Micropatterned Array Chips. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2504-2512. [PMID: 36651128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The establishment and application of a generalizable three-dimensional (3D) tumor device for high-throughput screening plays an important role in drug discovery and cancer therapeutics. In this study, we introduce a facile microplatform for considerable 3D tumor generation and combinatorial drug screening evaluation. High fidelity of chip fabrication was achieved depending on the simple and well-improved microcontact printing. We demonstrated the high stability and repeatability of the established tumor-on-a-chip system for controllable and massive production of 3D tumors with high size uniformity. Importantly, we accomplished the screening-like chemotherapy investigation involving individual and combinatorial drugs and validated the high accessibility and applicability of the system in 3D tumor-based manipulation and analysis on a large scale. This achievement in tumor-on-a-chip has potential applications in plenty of biomedical fields such as tumor biology, pharmacology, and tissue microengineering. It offers an insight into the development of the popularized microplatform with easy-to-fabricate and easy-to-operate properties for cancer exploration and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Fu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Meilin Sun
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Tingting Xuanyuan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xufang Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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30
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Wang H, Xu T, Yin D. Emerging trends in the methodology of environmental toxicology: 3D cell culture and its applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159501. [PMID: 36265616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human diseases and health concerns caused by environmental pollutants are globally emerging. Therefore, rapid and efficient evaluation of the effects of environmental pollutants on human health is essential. Due to the significant differences between humans and animals and the lack of physiologically related environments, animal models and two-dimensional (2D) culture cannot accurately describe toxicological effects and predict actual in vivo responses. To make up for the limitations of traditional environmental toxicology screening, three-dimensional (3D) culture has been developed. The 3D culture could provide a good organizational structure comparable to the complex internal environment of humans and produce a more realistic response to environmental pollutants, which has been used in drug development, toxicity evaluation, personalized therapy and biological mechanism research. The goal of environmental toxicology is to provide clues and support for the risk assessment and management of environmental pollutants. With the development of 3D culture that can reproduce specific physiological aspects loaded with specific cells that reflect human biology, interactions between pollutants and target tissues and organs can be explored to assess the acute and chronic adverse health effects of exposure to various environmental toxins. The 3D culture with great potential shows broad prospects in toxicology research and is expected to bridge the gap between 2D culture and animal models eventually. In this sense, we strongly recommend that 3D culture be used to identify and understand environmental toxins, which will greatly facilitate the public's comprehensive understanding of environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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31
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Bock N, Forouz F, Hipwood L, Clegg J, Jeffery P, Gough M, van Wyngaard T, Pyke C, Adams MN, Bray LJ, Croft L, Thompson EW, Kryza T, Meinert C. GelMA, Click-Chemistry Gelatin and Bioprinted Polyethylene Glycol-Based Hydrogels as 3D Ex Vivo Drug Testing Platforms for Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Organoids. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010261. [PMID: 36678890 PMCID: PMC9867511 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
3D organoid model technologies have led to the development of innovative tools for cancer precision medicine. Yet, the gold standard culture system (Matrigel®) lacks the ability for extensive biophysical manipulation needed to model various cancer microenvironments and has inherent batch-to-batch variability. Tunable hydrogel matrices provide enhanced capability for drug testing in breast cancer (BCa), by better mimicking key physicochemical characteristics of this disease’s extracellular matrix. Here, we encapsulated patient-derived breast cancer cells in bioprinted polyethylene glycol-derived hydrogels (PEG), functionalized with adhesion peptides (RGD, GFOGER and DYIGSR) and gelatin-derived hydrogels (gelatin methacryloyl; GelMA and thiolated-gelatin crosslinked with PEG-4MAL; GelSH). Within ranges of BCa stiffnesses (1−6 kPa), GelMA, GelSH and PEG-based hydrogels successfully supported the growth and organoid formation of HR+,−/HER2+,− primary cancer cells for at least 2−3 weeks, with superior organoid formation within the GelSH biomaterial (up to 268% growth after 15 days). BCa organoids responded to doxorubicin, EP31670 and paclitaxel treatments with increased IC50 concentrations on organoids compared to 2D cultures, and highest IC50 for organoids in GelSH. Cell viability after doxorubicin treatment (1 µM) remained >2-fold higher in the 3D gels compared to 2D and doxorubicin/paclitaxel (both 5 µM) were ~2.75−3-fold less potent in GelSH compared to PEG hydrogels. The data demonstrate the potential of hydrogel matrices as easy-to-use and effective preclinical tools for therapy assessment in patient-derived breast cancer organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Farzaneh Forouz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Luke Hipwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Gelomics Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Julien Clegg
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Gelomics Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Penny Jeffery
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | - Tirsa van Wyngaard
- Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | - Mark N. Adams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Laura J. Bray
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Laura Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Erik W. Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Mater Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Gelomics Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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32
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Nguyen H, Chen CC, Czosseck A, Chen MM, George TA, Lundy DJ. Degradable Biocompatible Porous Microtube Scaffold for Extended Donor Cell Survival and Activity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:719-731. [PMID: 36595653 PMCID: PMC9930086 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has significant therapeutic potential but is often limited by poor donor cell retention and viability at the host implantation site. Biomaterials can improve cell retention by providing cells with increased cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts and materials that allow three-dimensional cell culture to better recapitulate native cell morphology and function. In this study, we engineered a scaffold that allows for cell encapsulation and sustained three-dimensional cell culture. Since cell therapy is largely driven by paracrine secretions, the material was fabricated by electrospinning to have a large internal surface area, micrometer-thin walls, and nanoscale surface pores to allow for nutrient exchange without early cell permeation. The material is degradable, which allows for less invasive removal of the implant. Here, a biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microtube array membrane was fabricated. In vitro testing showed that the material supported the culture of human dermal fibroblasts for at least 21 days, with paracrine secretion of pro-angiogenic FGF2. In vivo xenotransplantation of human cells in an immunocompetent mouse showed that donor cells could be maintained for more than one month and the material showed no obvious toxicity. Analysis of gene expression and tissue histology surrounding the implant showed that the material produced muted inflammatory and immune responses compared to a permanent implant and increased markers of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Nguyen
- Graduate
Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College
of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical
University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Chen
- Graduate
Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College
of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical
University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan,International
Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Andreas Czosseck
- Graduate
Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College
of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical
University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Max M. Chen
- Graduate
Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College
of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical
University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Thomashire A. George
- International
Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan,Medical
Laboratory Science and Diagnostics, College of Medicine and Allied
Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Tower Hill, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - David J. Lundy
- Graduate
Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College
of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical
University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan,International
Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan,Center
for Cell Therapy, Taipei Medical University
Hospital, 250 Wuxing
Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan,
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33
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Manduca N, Maccafeo E, De Maria R, Sistigu A, Musella M. 3D cancer models: One step closer to in vitro human studies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175503. [PMID: 37114038 PMCID: PMC10126361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is the great breakthrough in cancer treatment as it displayed prolonged progression-free survival over conventional therapies, yet, to date, in only a minority of patients. In order to broad cancer immunotherapy clinical applicability some roadblocks need to be overcome, first among all the lack of preclinical models that faithfully depict the local tumor microenvironment (TME), which is known to dramatically affect disease onset, progression and response to therapy. In this review, we provide the reader with a detailed overview of current 3D models developed to mimick the complexity and the dynamics of the TME, with a focus on understanding why the TME is a major target in anticancer therapy. We highlight the advantages and translational potentials of tumor spheroids, organoids and immune Tumor-on-a-Chip models in disease modeling and therapeutic response, while outlining pending challenges and limitations. Thinking forward, we focus on the possibility to integrate the know-hows of micro-engineers, cancer immunologists, pharmaceutical researchers and bioinformaticians to meet the needs of cancer researchers and clinicians interested in using these platforms with high fidelity for patient-tailored disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Manduca
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Maccafeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ - Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Martina Musella, ; ; Antonella Sistigu, ;
| | - Martina Musella
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Martina Musella, ; ; Antonella Sistigu, ;
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34
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Katz RR, West JL. Tunable PEG Hydrogels for Discerning Differential Tumor Cell Response to Biomechanical Cues. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200084. [PMID: 35996804 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Increased extracellular matrix (ECM) density in the tumor microenvironment has been shown to influence aspects of tumor progression such as proliferation and invasion. Increased matrix density means cells experience not only increased mechanical properties, but also a higher density of bioactive sites. Traditional in vitro ECM models like Matrigel and collagen do not allow these properties to be investigated independently. In this work, a poly(ethylene glycol)-based scaffold is used which modifies with integrin-binding sites for cell attachment and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 sensitive sites for enzyme-mediated degradation. The polymer backbone density and binding site concentration are independently tuned and the effect each of these properties and their interaction have on the proliferation, invasion, and focal complex formation of two different tumor cell lines is evaluated. It is seen that the cell line of epithelial origin (Hs 578T, triple negative breast cancer) proliferates more, invades less, and forms more mature focal complexes in response to an increase in matrix adhesion sites. Conversely, the cell line of mesenchymal origin (HT1080, fibrosarcoma) proliferates more in 2D culture but less in 3D culture, invades less, and forms more mature focal complexes in response to an increase in matrix stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Katz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Fitzpatrick Center (FCIEMAS), Room 1427, 101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708-0281, USA
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Fitzpatrick Center (FCIEMAS), Room 1427, 101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708-0281, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 351 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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35
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Rojek K, Ćwiklińska M, Kuczak J, Guzowski J. Microfluidic Formulation of Topological Hydrogels for Microtissue Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16839-16909. [PMID: 36108106 PMCID: PMC9706502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently emerged as a powerful tool in generation of submillimeter-sized cell aggregates capable of performing tissue-specific functions, so-called microtissues, for applications in drug testing, regenerative medicine, and cell therapies. In this work, we review the most recent advances in the field, with particular focus on the formulation of cell-encapsulating microgels of small "dimensionalities": "0D" (particles), "1D" (fibers), "2D" (sheets), etc., and with nontrivial internal topologies, typically consisting of multiple compartments loaded with different types of cells and/or biopolymers. Such structures, which we refer to as topological hydrogels or topological microgels (examples including core-shell or Janus microbeads and microfibers, hollow or porous microstructures, or granular hydrogels) can be precisely tailored with high reproducibility and throughput by using microfluidics and used to provide controlled "initial conditions" for cell proliferation and maturation into functional tissue-like microstructures. Microfluidic methods of formulation of topological biomaterials have enabled significant progress in engineering of miniature tissues and organs, such as pancreas, liver, muscle, bone, heart, neural tissue, or vasculature, as well as in fabrication of tailored microenvironments for stem-cell expansion and differentiation, or in cancer modeling, including generation of vascularized tumors for personalized drug testing. We review the available microfluidic fabrication methods by exploiting various cross-linking mechanisms and various routes toward compartmentalization and critically discuss the available tissue-specific applications. Finally, we list the remaining challenges such as simplification of the microfluidic workflow for its widespread use in biomedical research, bench-to-bedside transition including production upscaling, further in vivo validation, generation of more precise organ-like models, as well as incorporation of induced pluripotent stem cells as a step toward clinical applications.
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36
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Ma Q, Li Q, Cai X, Zhou P, Wu Z, Wang B, Ma W, Fu S. Injectable hydrogels as drug delivery platform for in-situ treatment of malignant tumor. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Hazrati A, Malekpour K, Soudi S, Hashemi SM. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells spheroid culture effect on the therapeutic efficacy of these cells and their exosomes: A new strategy to overcome cell therapy limitations. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113211. [PMID: 35696942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is one of the new treatment methods in which mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSCs) transplantation is one of the cells widely used in this field. The results of MSCs application in the clinic prove their therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, many clinical trials have been designed based on the application of MSCs for various diseases, especially inflammatory disease and regenerative medicine. These cells perform their therapeutic functions through multiple mechanisms, including the differentiative potential, immunomodulatory properties, production of therapeutic exosomes, production of growth factors and cytokines, and anti-apoptotic effects. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that change target cell functions by transferring different cargos. The therapeutic ability of MSCs-derived exosomes has been demonstrated in many studies. However, some limitations, such as the low production of exosomes by cells and the need for large amounts of them and also their limited therapeutic ability, have encouraged researchers to find methods that increase exosomes' therapeutic potential. One of these methods is the spheroid culture of MSCs. Studies show that the three-dimensional culture (3DCC) of MSCs in the form of multicellular spheroids increases the therapeutic efficacy of these cells in laboratory and animal applications. In addition, the spheroid culture of MSCs leads to enhanced therapeutic properties of their exosomes and production rate. Due to the novelty of the field of using 3DCC MSCs-derived exosomes, examination of their properties and the results of their therapeutic application can increase our view of this field. This review discussed MSCs and their exosomes enhanced properties in spheroid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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38
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Monteiro MV, Ferreira LP, Rocha M, Gaspar VM, Mano JF. Advances in bioengineering pancreatic tumor-stroma physiomimetic Biomodels. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121653. [PMID: 35803021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer exhibits a unique bioarchitecture and desmoplastic cancer-stoma interplay that governs disease progression, multi-resistance, and metastasis. Emulating the biological features and microenvironment heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer stroma in vitro is remarkably complex, yet highly desirable for advancing the discovery of innovative therapeutics. Diverse bioengineering approaches exploiting patient-derived organoids, cancer-on-a-chip platforms, and 3D bioprinted living constructs have been rapidly emerging in an endeavor to seamlessly recapitulate major tumor-stroma biodynamic interactions in a preclinical setting. Gathering on this, herein we showcase and discuss the most recent advances in bio-assembling pancreatic tumor-stroma models that mimic key disease hallmarks and its desmoplastic biosignature. A reverse engineering perspective of pancreatic tumor-stroma key elementary units is also provided and complemented by a detailed description of biodesign guidelines that are to be considered for improving 3D models physiomimetic features. This overview provides valuable examples and starting guidelines for researchers envisioning to engineer and characterize stroma-rich biomimetic tumor models. All in all, leveraging advanced bioengineering tools for capturing stromal heterogeneity and dynamics, opens new avenues toward generating more predictive and patient-personalized organotypic 3D in vitro platforms for screening transformative therapeutics targeting the tumor-stroma interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís P Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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39
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Zhang S, Lin A, Tao Z, Fu Y, Xiao L, Ruan G, Li Y. Microsphere‐containing hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200630. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Zhang
- East China University of Science and Technology Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education CHINA
| | - Anqi Lin
- East China University of Science and Technology Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education CHINA
| | - Ziwei Tao
- East China University of Science and Technology Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education CHINA
| | - Yingying Fu
- East China University of Science and Technology Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education CHINA
| | - Lan Xiao
- Queensland University of Technology Centre for Biomedical Technologies AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Yulin Li
- East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai CHINA
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Biocompatibility-on-a-chip: Characterization and evaluation of decellularized tendon extracellular matrix (tdECM) hydrogel for 3D stem cell culture in a microfluidic device. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:768-779. [PMID: 35688274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have always tried expensive in vitro tests to show the 3D usability of dECM. The use of tissue-specific hydrogels in a microfluidic device is rarely studied. In this study, we have used ECM obtained from goat digital flexor tendons by decellularization technique. The tdECM was characterized for its structural properties using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Collagen, dsDNA, GAGs, and protein contents were quantified using spectrophotometric assays. The cell viability and proliferation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) encapsulated in the tdECM hydrogel inside the microfluidic device were checked using Calcein-AM/PI. The FTIR data showed prominent peaks of the amide group, indicating the presence of collagen. The SEM data showed intact fiber morphology after the decellularization process. There was a 95 % reduction in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content, proving the effectiveness of the decellularization technique. There was no significant difference in the collagen content of tdECM and the GAGs were also in the acceptable range compared to the native tissue. Over 90 % cell viability in hUMSCs was observed qualitatively and quantitatively in vitro and inside a microfluidic device. In conclusion, we characterized the tdECM hydrogel and demonstrated its compatibility with the microfluidic device.
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Badr-Eldin SM, Aldawsari HM, Kotta S, Deb PK, Venugopala KN. Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cell Culture Models for Efficient Drug Discovery: Progress So Far and Future Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:926. [PMID: 36015074 PMCID: PMC9412659 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous advancements in technologies and resources, drug discovery still remains a tedious and expensive process. Though most cells are cultured using 2D monolayer cultures, due to lack of specificity, biochemical incompatibility, and cell-to-cell/matrix communications, they often lag behind in the race of modern drug discovery. There exists compelling evidence that 3D cell culture models are quite promising and advantageous in mimicking in vivo conditions. It is anticipated that these 3D cell culture methods will bridge the translation of data from 2D cell culture to animal models. Although 3D technologies have been adopted widely these days, they still have certain challenges associated with them, such as the maintenance of a micro-tissue environment similar to in vivo models and a lack of reproducibility. However, newer 3D cell culture models are able to bypass these issues to a maximum extent. This review summarizes the basic principles of 3D cell culture approaches and emphasizes different 3D techniques such as hydrogels, spheroids, microfluidic devices, organoids, and 3D bioprinting methods. Besides the progress made so far in 3D cell culture systems, the article emphasizes the various challenges associated with these models and their potential role in drug repositioning, including perspectives from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabna Kotta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Dura G, Crespo-Cuadrado M, Waller H, Peters DT, Ferreira-Duarte A, Lakey JH, Fulton DA. Exploiting Meltable Protein Hydrogels to Encapsulate and Culture Cells in 3D. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200134. [PMID: 35780498 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing realization that 3D cell culture better mimics complex in vivo environments than 2D, lessening aberrant cellular behaviours and ultimately improving the outcomes of experiments. Chemically cross-linked hydrogels which imitate natural extracellular matrix (ECM) are proven cell culture platforms, but the encapsulation of cells within these hydrogel networks requires bioorthogonal cross-linking chemistries which can be cytotoxic, synthetically demanding and costly. Capsular antigen fragment 1 (Caf1) is a bacterial, polymeric, fimbrial protein which can be genetically engineered to imitate ECM. Furthermore, it can, reversibly, thermally interconvert between its polymeric and monomeric forms even when chemically cross-linked within a hydrogel network. We demonstrate that this meltable feature of Caf1 hydrogels can be utilized to encapsulate neonatal human dermal fibroblasts at a range of cell densities (2 × 105 - 2 × 106 cells/mL of hydrogel) avoiding issues with chemical cytotoxicity. These hydrogels supported cell 3D culture for up to 21 days, successfully inducing cellular functions such as proliferation and migration. This work is significant because it further highlights the potential of simple, robust, Caf1-based hydrogels as a cell culture platform. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Dura
- Chemical Nanoscience Laboratory, Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias yTecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - Maria Crespo-Cuadrado
- School of Engineering, Stephenson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU
| | - Helen Waller
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Daniel T Peters
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ana Ferreira-Duarte
- School of Engineering, Stephenson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU
| | - Jeremy H Lakey
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - David A Fulton
- Chemical Nanoscience Laboratory, Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Fibrous 3D printed poly(ɛ)caprolactone tissue engineering scaffold for in vitro cell models. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fucina G, Cesca K, Berti FV, Biavatti MW, Porto LM. Melanoma growth in non-chemically modified translucid bacterial nanocellulose hollow and compartimentalized spheres. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130183. [PMID: 35661803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has been used as cell support in numerous tissue engineering studies. Its use can be explained based on the fact its structure allows the creation of a required microenvironment for an ideal material, which supports 3D cell culture. Its structure and interconnected pores lead to animal cells adhesion and proliferation, also allowing oxygen and nutrients transportation. METHODS We developed a new methodology to produce spherical platforms synthesized by Komagataebacter hansenii (ATCC 23769) under dynamic culture conditions in minimal medium. The chemical composition and physical properties of the platforms were evaluated. Then, human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) were encapsulated into the platforms and evaluated by metabolic activity, morphology and their ability on adhering to the Hollow Translucid BNC Spheres (BNC-TS-H) and Compartmentalized Translucid BNC Spheres (BNC-TS-C) up to 3 days. RESULTS BNC-TS-H and BNC-TS-C platforms were produced as translucid spheroid platforms with distinct microenvironment under dynamic fermentation. The chemical and physical characterizations confirmed the platforms composition as BNC. The produced internal microenvironments in spherical platforms are relevant to determine tumor cell fate. In the first 12 h of culture, cells were could adhere to nanocellulose microfibers assuming their typical tumorous phenotype in 72 h of culture. CONCLUSION The dynamic fermentation in minimal medium produced distinct microstructured platforms of BNC-TS-H and BNC-TS-C. The platforms microstructure resulted in microenvironments that enabled distinct cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. This behavior suggests several applications on tissue engineering. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The method produced translucid BNC sphere platforms with distinct microenvironments for 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Fucina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Karina Cesca
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vieira Berti
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maique Weber Biavatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luismar Marques Porto
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Tian H, Shi H, Yu J, Ge S, Ruan J. Biophysics Role and Biomimetic Culture Systems of ECM Stiffness in Cancer EMT. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2022; 6:2100094. [PMID: 35712024 PMCID: PMC9189138 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oncological diseases have become the second leading cause of death from noncommunicable diseases worldwide and a major threat to human health. With the continuous progress in cancer research, the mechanical cues from the tumor microenvironment environment (TME) have been found to play an irreplaceable role in the progression of many cancers. As the main extracellular mechanical signal carrier, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness may influence cancer progression through biomechanical transduction to modify downstream gene expression, promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and regulate the stemness of cancer cells. EMT is an important mechanism that induces cancer cell metastasis and is closely influenced by ECM stiffness, either independently or in conjunction with other molecules. In this review, the unique role of ECM stiffness in EMT in different kinds of cancers is first summarized. By continually examining the significance of ECM stiffness in cancer progression, a biomimetic culture system based on 3D manufacturing and novel material technologies is developed to mimic ECM stiffness. The authors then look back on the novel development of the ECM stiffness biomimetic culture systems and finally provide new insights into ECM stiffness in cancer progression which can broaden the fields' horizons with a view toward developing new cancer diagnosis methods and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Hanhan Shi
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Jing Ruan
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
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Journey of organ on a chip technology and its role in future healthcare scenario. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 9. [PMCID: PMC9000345 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2022.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Organ on a chip refers to microengineered biomimetic system which reflects structural and functional characteristics of human tissue. It involves biomaterial technology, cell biology and engineering combined together in a miniaturized platform. Several models using different organs such as lungs on a chip, liver on a chip, kidney on a chip, heart on a chip, intestine on a chip and skin on a chip have been successfully developed. Food and Drug administration (FDA) has also shown confidence in this technology and has partnered with industries/institutes which are working with this technology. In this review, the concepts and applications of Organ on a chip model in different scientific domains including disease model development, drug screening, toxicology, pathogenesis study, efficacy testing and virology is discussed. It is envisaged that amalgamation of various organs on chip modules into a unified body on chip device is of utmost importance for diagnosis and treatment, especially considering the complications due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It is expected that the market demand for developing organ on chip devices to skyrocket in the near future.
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Scaffold-free 3D culturing enhance pluripotency, immunomodulatory factors, and differentiation potential of Wharton's jelly-mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151245. [PMID: 35667339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show a decline in pluripotency and differentiation with increased cell culture passages in 2D cultures. The 2D monolayer culture fails to correctly imitate the architecture and microenvironments of in-vivo cell models. Alternatively, 3D culture may improve the simulations of in-vivo cell microenvironments with wide applications in cell culture and drug discovery. In the present study, we compared various 3D culturing techniques such as 3D micro-well (3D-S), hanging drop (HD), and ultra-low attachment (ULA) plate-based spheroid culture to study their effect on morphology, viability, pluripotency, cell surface markers, immunomodulatory factors, and differentiation capabilities of Wharton's jelly-mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs). The cell morphology, viability, and senescence of 3D cultured WJ-MSCs were comparable to cells in 2D culture. The expression of pluripotency markers (OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG) was enhanced upto 2-8 fold in 3D cultured WJ-MSCs when compared to 2D culture. Moreover, the immunomodulatory factors (IDO, IL-10, LIF, ANG1, and VEGF) were significantly elevated in ULA based 3D cultured WJ-MSCs. Furthermore, significant enhancement in the differentiation potential of WJ-MSCs towards adipocyte (ADP and C/EBP-α), osteocyte (OPN and RUNX2), and definitive endodermal (SOX17, FOXA2, and CXCR4) lineages in 3D culture conditions were observed. Additionally, the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of WJ-MSCs over the time points 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days was also significantly increased in 3D culture groups. Our study demonstrates that stemness properties of WJ-MSCs were significantly enhanced in 3D cultures and ULA-based culture outperformed other methods with high pluripotency gene expression and enhanced differentiation potential. This study indicates the efficacy of 3D cultures to bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and animal models in regenerative medicine.
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Rizzo R, Onesto V, Forciniti S, Chandra A, Prasad S, Iuele H, Colella F, Gigli G, Del Mercato LL. A pH-sensor scaffold for mapping spatiotemporal gradients in three-dimensional in vitro tumour models. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 212:114401. [PMID: 35617754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The detection of extracellular pH at single cell resolution is challenging and requires advanced sensibility. Sensing pH at high spatial and temporal resolution might provide crucial information in understanding the role of pH and its fluctuations in a wide range of physio-pathological cellular processes, including cancer. Here, a method to embed silica-based fluorescent pH sensors into alginate-based three-dimensional (3D) microgels tumour models, coupled with a computational method for fine data analysis, is presented. By means of confocal laser scanning microscopy, live-cell time-lapse imaging of 3D alginate microgels was performed and the extracellular pH metabolic variations were monitored in both in vitro 3D mono- and 3D co-cultures of tumour and stromal pancreatic cells. The results show that the extracellular pH is cell line-specific and time-dependent. Moreover, differences in pH were also detected between 3D monocultures versus 3D co-cultures, thus suggesting the existence of a metabolic crosstalk between tumour and stromal cells. In conclusion, the system has the potential to image multiple live cell types in a 3D environment and to decipher in real-time their pH metabolic interplay under controlled experimental conditions, thus being also a suitable platform for drug screening and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Rizzo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Valentina Onesto
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania Forciniti
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anil Chandra
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Saumya Prasad
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Helena Iuele
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Colella
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; Department of Mathematics and Physics ''Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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A Comparative Study on the Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in 2D and 3D Culture. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081313. [PMID: 35455993 PMCID: PMC9029885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are capable of renewing the progenitor cell fraction or differentiating in a tissue-specific manner. Adipogenic differentiation of adipose-tissue-derived MSC (adMSC) is important in various pathological processes. Adipocytes and their progenitors are metabolically active and secrete molecules (adipokines) that have both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Cell culturing in 2D is commonly used to study cellular responses, but the 2D environment does not reflect the structural situation for most cell types. Therefore, 3D culture systems have been developed to create an environment considered more physiological. Since knowledge about the effects of 3D cultivation on adipogenic differentiation is limited, we investigated its effects on adipogenic differentiation and adipokine release of adMSC (up to 28 days) and compared these with the effects in 2D. We demonstrated that cultivation conditions are crucial for cell behavior: in both 2D and 3D culture, adipogenic differentiation occurred only after specific stimulation. While the size and structure of adipogenically stimulated 3D spheroids remained stable during the experiment, the unstimulated spheroids showed signs of disintegration. Adipokine release was dependent on culture dimensionality; we found upregulated adiponectin and downregulated pro-inflammatory factors. Our findings are relevant for cell therapeutic applications of adMSC in complex, three-dimensionally arranged tissues.
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Cordeiro RA, Mendonça PV, Coelho J, Faneca H. Engineering silica-polymer hybrid nanosystems for dual drug and gene delivery. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212742. [PMID: 35929215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, it has been shown that a combination of different antitumour strategies involving distinct therapeutic agents, such as chemical compounds and genetic material, could result in an effective therapeutic activity that is much higher than that obtained by conventionally used individual approaches. Therefore, the main goal of this work was to develop a new hybrid nanosystem based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and polymers to efficiently transport and deliver drug and plasmid DNA into cancer cells. Moreover, its potential to mediate a combinatorial antitumour strategy involving epirubicin and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) gene therapy was evaluated. For this purpose, various cationic polymers were assessed, including poly(β-amino ester) homopolymer, gelatine type A, gelatine type B, and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) block copolymer. The obtained results show that using different polymers leads to nanosystems with different physicochemical properties and, consequently, different biological activities. The best formulation was obtained for hybrid nanosystems coated with PEG-b-PAMA. They demonstrated the ability to cotransport and codeliver an anticancer drug and plasmid DNA and effectively mediate the combined antitumour strategy in 2D and 3D tumour cell culture models. In summary, we developed a novel silica- and polymer-based nanosystem able to mediate a dual chemotherapeutic and suicide gene therapy strategy with a much higher therapeutic effect than that obtained through the use of individual approaches, showing its potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemeyre A Cordeiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia V Mendonça
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Coelho
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Faneca
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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