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Martino SD, Petri GL, De Rosa M. Hepatitis C: The Story of a Long Journey through First, Second, and Third Generation NS3/4A Peptidomimetic Inhibitors. What Did We Learn? J Med Chem 2024; 67:885-921. [PMID: 38179950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection is the leading cause of liver failure and still represents a global health burden. Over the past decade, great advancements made HCV curable, and sustained viral remission significantly improved to more than 98%. Historical treatment with pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin has been displaced by combinations of direct-acting antivirals. These regimens include drugs targeting different stages of the HCV life cycle. However, the emergence of viral resistance remains a big concern. The design of peptidomimetic inhibitors (PIs) able to fit and fill the conserved substrate envelope region within the active site helped avoid contact with the vulnerable sites of the most common resistance-associated substitutions Arg155, Ala156, and Asp168. Herein, we give an overview of HCV NS3 PIs discovered during the past decade, and we deeply discuss the rationale behind the structural optimization efforts essential to achieve pangenotypic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Di Martino
- Drug Discovery Unit, Medicinal Chemistry Group, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Giovanna Li Petri
- Drug Discovery Unit, Medicinal Chemistry Group, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Maria De Rosa
- Drug Discovery Unit, Medicinal Chemistry Group, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo 90133, Italy
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Chen Y, Sonawane A, Manda R, Gadi RK, Tesmer JJG, Ghosh AK. Development of a new class of potent and highly selective G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 inhibitors and structural insight from crystal structures of inhibitor complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115931. [PMID: 38016297 PMCID: PMC10841647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) is an important drug development target for heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and cancer. We have designed and developed a new class of highly selective, potent, and non-covalent GRK5 inhibitors. One of the inhibitors displayed GRK5 IC50 value of 10 nM and exhibited >100,000-fold selectivity over GRK2. The X-ray structure of a ketoamide-derived inhibitor-bound GRK5 showed the formation of a hemithioketal intermediate with active site Cys474 in the GRK5 active site and provided new insights into the ligand-binding site interactions responsible for high selectivity. The current studies serve as an important guide to therapeutic GRK5 inhibitor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Amol Sonawane
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Rajesh Manda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ranjith Kumar Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Scialli A, Saab S, Salimian A, Bhattacharya D, Goodman-Meza D. Hepatitis C Treatment Among Primary Care and Specialty Providers: A Single Center Study, 2015 to 2022. J Prim Care Community Health 2024; 15:21501319241253521. [PMID: 38727179 PMCID: PMC11088289 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241253521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite national goals to eliminate Hepatitis C (HCV) and the advancement of curative, well-tolerated direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) regimens, rates of HCV treatment have declined nationally since 2015. Current HCV guidelines encourage treatment of HCV by primary care providers (PCPs). Payors have reduced restrictions to access DAAs nationally and in California however it remains unclear if the removal of these restrictions has impacted the proportion of PCPs prescribing DAAs at a health system level. Our objective was to examine the proportion of DAAs prescribed by PCPs and specialists and to describe the population receiving treatment in a single health system from 2015 to 2022. METHODS We examined the proportion of DAAs prescribed by PCPs and specialists and the population receiving treatment through a retrospective analysis of claims data in the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Health System from 2015 to 2022. We described number of prescriptions for HCV medication prescribed by PCPs and specialists by year, medication type, and physician specialty. We also described numbers of prescriptions by patient demographics and comorbidities. RESULTS A total of 1515 adult patients received a prescription for HCV medication through the UCLA Health System between 2015 and 2022. The proportion of patients receiving prescriptions for PCPs peaked at 19% in 2016, yet decreased to 5.7% in 2022, an average of 13% across all years. Median age of patients receiving treatment was 60 years old, and 56% of patients receiving HCV treatment had commercial insurance as their primary payer. CONCLUSIONS HCV treatment declined from 2015 to 2022 among specialists and PCPs in our health system. Older patients comprised the majority of patients receiving treatment, suggesting a need for novel approaches to reach patients under 40, an age group with significant increases in HCV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sammy Saab
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Pfleger Liver Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kamal S, Shahzad A, Rehman K, Tariq K, Akash MSH, Imran M, Assiri MA. Therapeutic Intervention of Serine Protease Inhibitors against Hepatitis C Virus. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2052-2072. [PMID: 37855348 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673234823230921090431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a globally prevalent and hazardous disorder that is responsible for inducing several persistent and potentially fatal liver diseases. Current treatment strategies offer limited efficacy, often accompanied by severe and debilitating adverse effects. Consequently, there is an urgent and compelling need to develop novel therapeutic interventions that can provide maximum efficacy in combating HCV while minimizing the burden of adverse effects on patients. One promising target against HCV is the NS3-4A serine protease, a complex composed of two HCV-encoded proteins. This non-covalent heterodimer is crucial in the viral life cycle and has become a primary focus for therapeutic interventions. Although peginterferon, combined with ribavirin, is commonly employed for HCV treatment, its efficacy is hampered by significant adverse effects that can profoundly impact patients' quality of life. In recent years, the development of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) has emerged as a breakthrough in HCV therapy. These agents exhibit remarkable potency against the virus and have demonstrated fewer adverse effects when combined with other DAAs. However, it is important to note that there is a potential for developing resistance to DAAs due to alterations in the amino acid position of the NS3-4A protease. This emphasizes the need for ongoing research to identify strategies that can minimize the emergence of resistance and ensure long-term effectiveness. While the combination of DAAs holds promise for HCV treatment, it is crucial to consider the possibility of drug-drug interactions. These interactions may occur when different DAAs are used concurrently, potentially compromising their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, carefully evaluating and monitoring potential drug interactions are vital to optimize treatment outcomes. In the pursuit of novel therapeutic interventions for HCV, the field of computational biology and bioinformatics has emerged as a valuable tool. These advanced technologies and methodologies enable the development and design of new drugs and therapeutic agents that exhibit maximum efficacy, reduced risk of resistance, and minimal adverse effects. By leveraging computational approaches, researchers can efficiently screen and optimize potential candidates, accelerating the discovery and development of highly effective treatments for HCV, treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Shahzad
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Komal Tariq
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Imran
- Research center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Assiri
- Research center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Anwar T, Malhotra S, Mian MAH, Anwar T, Kota V, Shoukier M. Industry's role in HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C exclusion in AML and MDS clinical trials. Hematology 2023; 28:2254558. [PMID: 37680035 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2254558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad A H Mian
- Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Tahiya Anwar
- Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vamsi Kota
- Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mahran Shoukier
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Ding D, Xu S, da Silva-Júnior EF, Liu X, Zhan P. Medicinal chemistry insights into antiviral peptidomimetics. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103468. [PMID: 36528280 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The (re)emergence of multidrug-resistant viruses and the emergence of new viruses highlight the urgent and ongoing need for new antiviral agents. The use of peptidomimetics as therapeutic drugs has often been associated with advantages, such as enhanced binding affinity, improved metabolic stability, and good bioavailability profiles. The development of novel antivirals is currently driven by strategies of converting peptides into peptidomimetic derivatives. In this review, we outline different structural modification design strategies for developing novel peptidomimetics as antivirals, involving N- or C-cap terminal structure modifications, pseudopeptides, amino acid modifications, inverse-peptides, cyclization, and molecular hybridization. We also present successful recent examples of peptidomimetic designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | | | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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Peng S, Wang H, Wang Z, Wang Q. Progression of Antiviral Agents Targeting Viral Polymerases. Molecules 2022; 27:7370. [PMID: 36364196 PMCID: PMC9654062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral DNA and RNA polymerases are two kinds of very important enzymes that synthesize the genetic materials of the virus itself, and they have become extremely favorable targets for the development of antiviral drugs because of their relatively conserved characteristics. There are many similarities in the structure and function of different viral polymerases, so inhibitors designed for a certain viral polymerase have acted as effective universal inhibitors on other types of viruses. The present review describes the development of classical antiviral drugs targeting polymerases, summarizes a variety of viral polymerase inhibitors from the perspective of chemically synthesized drugs and natural product drugs, describes novel approaches, and proposes promising development strategies for antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhengtao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingzhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Ma L, Li Q, Xie Y, Jianyuan Zhao, Yi D, Guo S, Guo F, Wang J, Yang L, Cen S. Repurposing of HIV/HCV protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro. Antiviral Res 2022; 207:105419. [PMID: 36155070 PMCID: PMC9499987 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen that caused the global COVID-19 outbreak. The 3C-like protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in virus replication and has become an ideal target for antiviral drug design. In this work, we have employed bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technology to establish a cell-based assay for screening inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, and then applied the assay to screen a collection of known HIV/HCV protease inhibitors. Our results showed that the assay is capable of quantification of the cleavage efficiency of 3CLpro with good reproducibility (Z' factor is 0.59). Using the assay, we found that 9 of 26 protease inhibitors effectively inhibited the activity of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, four compounds exhibited the ability to bind to 3CLproin vitro. HCV protease inhibitor simeprevir showed the most potency against 3CLpro with an EC50 vale of 2.6 μM, bound to the active site pocket of 3CLpro in a predicted model, and importantly, exhibited a similar activity against the protease containing the mutations P132H in Omicron variants. Taken together, this work demonstrates the feasibility of using the cell-based BRET assay for screening 3CLpro inhibitors and supports the potential of simeprevir for the development of 3CLpro inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Dongrong Yi
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Long Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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9
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Samrat SK, Xu J, Li Z, Zhou J, Li H. Antiviral Agents against Flavivirus Protease: Prospect and Future Direction. Pathogens 2022; 11:293. [PMID: 35335617 PMCID: PMC8955721 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses cause a significant amount of mortality and morbidity, especially in regions where they are endemic. A recent example is the outbreak of Zika virus throughout the world. Development of antiviral drugs against different viral targets is as important as the development of vaccines. During viral replication, a single polyprotein precursor (PP) is produced and further cleaved into individual proteins by a viral NS2B-NS3 protease complex together with host proteases. Flavivirus protease is one of the most attractive targets for development of therapeutic antivirals because it is essential for viral PP processing, leading to active viral proteins. In this review, we have summarized recent development in drug discovery targeting the NS2B-NS3 protease of flaviviruses, especially Zika, dengue, and West Nile viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh K. Samrat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.K.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jimin Xu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (J.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.K.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (J.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongmin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.K.S.); (Z.L.)
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Xin Y, Chen S, Tang K, Wu Y, Guo Y. Identification of Nifurtimox and Chrysin as Anti-Influenza Virus Agents by Clinical Transcriptome Signature Reversion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042372. [PMID: 35216485 PMCID: PMC8876279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development in the field of transcriptomics provides remarkable biomedical insights for drug discovery. In this study, a transcriptome signature reversal approach was conducted to identify the agents against influenza A virus (IAV) infection through dissecting gene expression changes in response to disease or compounds’ perturbations. Two compounds, nifurtimox and chrysin, were identified by a modified Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic based on the transcriptional signatures from 81 IAV-infected patients and the gene expression profiles of 1309 compounds. Their activities were verified in vitro with half maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) from 9.1 to 19.1 μM against H1N1 or H3N2. It also suggested that the two compounds interfered with multiple sessions in IAV infection by reversing the expression of 28 IAV informative genes. Through network-based analysis of the 28 reversed IAV informative genes, a strong synergistic effect of the two compounds was revealed, which was confirmed in vitro. By using the transcriptome signature reversion (TSR) on clinical datasets, this study provides an efficient scheme for the discovery of drugs targeting multiple host factors regarding clinical signs and symptoms, which may also confer an opportunity for decelerating drug-resistant variant emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shubing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-63161716
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Guillaume YC, André C. Immobilization of the SARS-CoV-2-receptor binding domain onto methacrylate-based monoliths for nano LC at 30 nL min -1 and application for research of its ligands. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:156-164. [PMID: 34927183 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For the design of novel potent molecules against therapeutic protein targets produced in a low quantity or that are very expensive, the development of miniaturized analytical techniques is of crucial importance. One challenging target is the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2-spike protein (S), which mediates the binding of the virus to host cells. In the present study, the RBD protein was thus immobilized on polymethacrylate monoliths prepared in a miniaturized capillary column (25 μm internal diameter; 70 mm length) by in situ polymerization, which could offer low backpressure in Nano LC at 30 nL min-1. The immobilized quantity of the expensive RBD protein on the organic monolith was very low, in the submicrogram range, i.e., 0.060 μg. The immobilization method reduced non-selective interactions between the ligand and the organic monolith matrix and maintained the functionality of RBD due to the high activity rate (96%). The performance of this miniaturized affinity capillary column was demonstrated for the rapid evaluation of a recognition assay induced by 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), a known ligand of RBD, and by five other molecules. In addition, it was demonstrated that competitive experiments could be performed with our miniaturized system to reveal the existence of only one type of binding site for three ligands of RBD, namely carbenoxolone, simeprevir and irinotecan. All these results showed the potential of our analytical miniaturized affinity system for the determination of interactions between potential ligands and immobilized RBD of SARS-CoV-2 to aid in the battle against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Claude Guillaume
- Univ Franche - Comté, EA481 Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques/Pôle Chimie Analytique Bioanalytique et Physique (PCABP), F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Claire André
- Univ Franche - Comté, EA481 Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques/Pôle Chimie Analytique Bioanalytique et Physique (PCABP), F-25000 Besançon, France.
- CHRU Besançon, Pôle Pharmaceutique, F-25000 Besançon, France
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12
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Foloppe N, Chen IJ. The reorganization energy of compounds upon binding to proteins, from dynamic and solvated bound and unbound states. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 51:116464. [PMID: 34798378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular reorganization energy (ΔEReorg) of compounds upon binding to proteins is a component of the binding free energy, which has long received particular attention, for fundamental and practical reasons. Understanding ΔEReorg would benefit the science of molecular recognition and drug design. For instance, the tolerable strain energy of compounds upon binding has been elusive. Prior studies found some large ΔEReorg values (e.g. > 10 kcal/mol), received with skepticism since they imply excessive opposition to binding. Indeed, estimating ΔEReorg is technically difficult. Typically, ΔEReorg has been approached by taking two energy-minimized conformers representing the bound and unbound states, and subtracting their conformational energy. This is a drastic oversimplification, liable to conformational collapse of the unbound conformer. Instead, the present work applies extensive molecular dynamics (MD) and the modern OPLS3 force-field to simulate compounds bound and unbound states, in explicit solvent under physically relevant conditions. The thermalized unbound compounds populate multiple conformations, not reducible to one or a few energy-minimized conformers. The intramolecular energies in the bound and unbound states were averaged over pertinent conformational ensembles, and the reorganization enthalpy upon binding (ΔHReorg) deduced by subtraction. This was applied to 76 systems, including 43 approved drugs, carefully selected for i) the quality of the bioactive X-ray structures and ii) the diversity of the chemotypes, their properties and protein targets. It yielded comparatively low ΔHReorg values (median = 1.4 kcal/mol, mean = 3.0 kcal/mol). A new finding is the observation of negative ΔHReorg values. Indeed, reorganization energies do not have to oppose binding, e.g. when intramolecular interactions stabilize preferentially the bound state. Conversely, even with competing water molecules, intramolecular interactions can occur predominantly in the unbound compound, and be replaced by intermolecular counterparts upon protein binding. Such disruption of intramolecular interactions upon binding gives rise to occasional larger ΔHReorg values. Such counterintuitive larger ΔHReorg values may be rationalized as a redistribution of interactions upon binding, qualitatively compatible with binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Foloppe
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd, Granta Park, Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GB, UK.
| | - I-Jen Chen
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd, Granta Park, Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GB, UK.
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13
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Ibrahim MK, AbdElrahman M, Bader El Din NG, Tawfik S, Abd-Elsalam S, Omran D, Barakat AZ, Farouk S, Elbatae H, El Awady MK. The impact of genetic variations in sofosbuvir metabolizing enzymes and innate immunity mediators on treatment outcome in HCV-infected patients. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105311. [PMID: 34843922 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of liver diseases worldwide. At present, combinations of different classes of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are used as treatment options for HCV, in which sofosbuvir (SOF) is the common DAA among different therapeutic regimes. In Egypt, SOF plus daclatasvir (DCV) is the widely used anti-HCV treatment protocol. Herein, we aimed to assess the association between 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the genes coding for 2 SOF metabolizing enzymes: histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) rs4696/rs7728773 and nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NME1) rs3760468, together with the most potent anti-HCV innate molecule, i.e., interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) rs12979860 and the response to SOF/DCV in Egyptian patients chronically infected with genotype 4 (GT4). SNPs were genotyped using real-time PCR in DNA from patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) at 12 weeks post-SOF/DCV treatment (i.e., responders; n = 188), patients who failed to achieve SVR12 (i.e., non-responders; n = 109), and healthy controls (n = 62). Our results demonstrated that patients bearing HINT1 rs7728773 CT/TT (odds ratio 2.119, 95% CI 1.263-3.559, p = 0.005) and IFNL3 rs12979860 CC (odds ratio 3.995, 95% CI 2.126-7.740, p = 0.0001) were more likely to achieve SVR12. However, neither HINT1 rs4696 nor NME1 rs3760468 seems to contribute to the responsiveness to SOF/DCV. Binary regression analysis defined 5 predictor factors independently associated with SVR12: age, bilirubin, hemoglobin, early stages of fibrosis, and combined HINT1 rs7728773 and IFNL3 rs12979860 favorable and mixed genotypes (odds ratio 3.134, 95% CI 1.518-6.47, p = 0.002), and that was confirmed by the combined ROC curve for the 5 predictor factors (AUC = 0.91, 95% CI 0.869-0.95, P = 0.0001). In conclusion, these data suggest that the two SNPs have the potential in predicting the response rate to SOF/DCV treatment in patients infected with HCV GT4. This study is the first to investigate the pharmacogenetics of SOF metabolizing enzyme and introduce HINT1 rs7728773 as a novel SNP that predicts the treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa K Ibrahim
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (formerly El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed AbdElrahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq; Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Badr University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Noha G Bader El Din
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (formerly El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Salwa Tawfik
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Research Center, 33 EL Bohouth St. (formerly El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dalia Omran
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Amal Z Barakat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, 33 EL Bohouth St. (formerly El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Sally Farouk
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (formerly El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Hassan Elbatae
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kafer Elshiek University, Kafer Elshiek, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K El Awady
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (formerly El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
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14
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Abstract
Viral proteases are diverse in structure, oligomeric state, catalytic mechanism, and substrate specificity. This chapter focuses on proteases from viruses that are relevant to human health: human immunodeficiency virus subtype 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C (HCV), human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), flaviviruses, enteroviruses, and coronaviruses. The proteases of HIV-1 and HCV have been successfully targeted for therapeutics, with picomolar FDA-approved drugs currently used in the clinic. The proteases of HTLV-1 and the other virus families remain emerging therapeutic targets at different stages of the drug development process. This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge on viral protease structure, mechanism, substrate recognition, and inhibition. Particular focus is placed on recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of diverse substrate recognition and resistance, which is essential toward designing novel protease inhibitors as antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueto Zephyr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Nese Kurt Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Celia A Schiffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.
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15
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Eames JR, Tran B. Hepatitis C. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CLINICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Dawood RM, Salum GM, El-Meguid MA, Elsayed A, Yosry A, Abdelaziz A, Shousha HI, Nabeel MM, El Awady MK. Development of a gene signature for predicting cirrhosis risk score of chronic liver disease associated with HCV infection in Egyptians. Microb Pathog 2021; 153:104805. [PMID: 33609649 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex diseases such as fibrosis are likely polygenic. Lately, cirrhosis risk score (CRS) clearly discriminated Chronic HCV patients with high-risk versus those with low-risk for cirrhosis better than clinical factors. METHODS Herein, the CRS was assessed via genotyping by allelic discrimination assays in 243 HCV Egyptian patients categorized into 164 patients didn't develop HCC (93 mild, 71 advanced fibrosis); and 79 patients developed HCC. APRI and FIB-4 scores were calculated, compared with CRS and correlated with degree of fibrosis progression. RESULTS Median of the three CRS, APRI and FIB-4 scores were significantly elevated in late fibrotic and HCC patients (p < 0.001); however CRS displayed proper discrimination (mild fibrosis (0.59; 0.4-0.75), advanced fibrosis (0.75; 0.7-0.86) and HCC (0.73; 0.57-0.77); (p < 0.001)). The ROC analysis of CRS score displayed modest accuracy to discriminate between mild and advanced fibrotic patient; AUC was 0.73; p < 0.0001), while AUC was only 0.57 (p = 0.05) for the discrimination between HCC and no HCC. Moreover, the combination of CRS, APRI and FIB4 lessened the power of correlation (AUC, 0.63 (p < 0.0001)) in fibrosis prognosis. In HCC prognosis, the combination of CRS, APRI and FIB4 in HCC patients showed modest accuracy with AUC, 0.59 (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION The diagnostic accuracy of FIB-4 for predicting liver fibrosis was nearly identical to that of CRS, however the strength of CRS score stemmed from that it is built on 7 SNPs host genetic factor. Our study validates non invasive algorithms for fibrosis prognosis purposes which may aid in decision making for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Dawood
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth Street Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ghada M Salum
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth Street Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mai Abd El-Meguid
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth Street Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsayed
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ayman Yosry
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Abdelaziz
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hend Ibrahim Shousha
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Nabeel
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K El Awady
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth Street Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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17
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Mundim AEDFM, de Castro FDOFD, Albuquerque MBB, Vilanova-Costa CAST, Pfrimer IAH, Silva AMTC. Major mutations in the NS3 gene region of hepatitis C virus related to the resistance to direct acting antiviral drugs: a systematic review. Virusdisease 2020; 31:220-228. [PMID: 32904849 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-020-00616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a global public health problem with high prevalence rates and chronicity of infection. Present work aimed to describe the main mutations in the NS3 region of the HCV genome related to the resistance of patients to the currently available direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). To guide the study description, the preferred items in the PRISMA protocol for systematic review were used. The data collected were HCV genotypes and subtypes and mutations in HCV NS3, general and stratified by continent. The 10 papers selected for this systematic review reported studies in seven countries, on three continents, and generated data of 2937 patients. The most frequent HCV subtype was 1a. Prevalence of genotypes suggested that there were few demographic regions reached by the studies, since there were regional variations in the type of genotypes reported in the available bibliographies. Of the total study population, 35.3% (n = 1037) had mutations in the NS3 gene region of HCV, suggesting a high rate of resistance to DAAs and a low sustained virologic response among those who used some therapeutic option. Ten major mutations were identified: Q80K, V170I, S122G, V36L, T54S, D168Q, A156S, Q80G, S122R, and V55A. The Q80K mutation was the highlight of the study, appearing not only with greater representativity (61.6%) but also as the only one described in the three continents analyzed. This systematic review reinforces the need to carry out more studies of detection of these mutations to fill in all information gaps that might help in optimization of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa de Figueiredo Miranda Mundim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Campus 1, Área 4, Goiânia, GO CEP: 74605-010 Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Oliveira Feitosa de de Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Campus 1, Área 4, Goiânia, GO CEP: 74605-010 Brazil
| | - Marina Brandão Braz Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Campus 1, Área 4, Goiânia, GO CEP: 74605-010 Brazil
| | | | - Irmtraut Araci Hoffmann Pfrimer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Campus 1, Área 4, Goiânia, GO CEP: 74605-010 Brazil
| | - Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Campus 1, Área 4, Goiânia, GO CEP: 74605-010 Brazil
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18
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J A, Francis D, C S S, K G A, C S, Variyar EJ. Repurposing simeprevir, calpain inhibitor IV and a cathepsin F inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 and insights into their interactions with M pro. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:325-336. [PMID: 32873185 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1813200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The world has come to a sudden halt due to the incessant spread of a viral pneumonia dubbed COVID-19 caused by the beta-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in the replication and propagation of the virus in the host cells. Inhibiting the protease blocks the replication of the virus; therefore it is considered as an attractive therapeutic target. Here we describe the screening of the DrugBank database, a public repository for small molecule therapeutics, to identify approved or experimental phase drugs that can be repurposed against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. The initial screening was performed on more than 13,000 drug entries in the target database using an energy optimised pharmacophore hypothesis AARRR. A sub-set of the molecules selected based on the fitness score was further screened using molecular docking by sequentially filtering the molecules through the high throughput virtual screening, extra precision and standard precision docking modalities. The best hits were subjected to binding free energy estimation using the MM-GBSA method. Approved drugs viz, Cobicistat, Larotrectinib and Simeprevir were identified as potential candidates for repurposing. Drugs in the discovery phase identified as inhibitors include the known cysteine protease inhibitors, Calpain inhibitor IV and an experimental cathepsin F inhibitor. In order to analyse the stability of the binding interactions, the known cysteine protease inhibitors viz, Simeprevir, calpain inhibitor IV and the cathepsin F inhibitor in complex Mpro were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations at 100 ns. Based on the results Simeprevir was found to be a strong inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhithaj J
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Kannur, India
| | - Dileep Francis
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India
| | - Sharanya C S
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Kannur, India
| | - Arun K G
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Kannur, India
| | - Sadasivan C
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Kannur, India
| | - E Jayadevi Variyar
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Kannur, India
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19
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Trezza A, Iovinelli D, Santucci A, Prischi F, Spiga O. An integrated drug repurposing strategy for the rapid identification of potential SARS-CoV-2 viral inhibitors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13866. [PMID: 32807895 PMCID: PMC7431416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus has rapidly spread in humans, causing the ongoing Coronavirus pandemic. Recent studies have shown that, similarly to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 utilises the Spike glycoprotein on the envelope to recognise and bind the human receptor ACE2. This event initiates the fusion of viral and host cell membranes and then the viral entry into the host cell. Despite several ongoing clinical studies, there are currently no approved vaccines or drugs that specifically target SARS-CoV-2. Until an effective vaccine is available, repurposing FDA approved drugs could significantly shorten the time and reduce the cost compared to de novo drug discovery. In this study we attempted to overcome the limitation of in silico virtual screening by applying a robust in silico drug repurposing strategy. We combined and integrated docking simulations, with molecular dynamics (MD), Supervised MD (SuMD) and Steered MD (SMD) simulations to identify a Spike protein - ACE2 interaction inhibitor. Our data showed that Simeprevir and Lumacaftor bind the receptor-binding domain of the Spike protein with high affinity and prevent ACE2 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Trezza
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Iovinelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Prischi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Ottavia Spiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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20
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Abdel-Lateef MA, Ali R, Omar MA, Derayea SM. Micellar-based spectrofluorimetric method for the selective determination of ledipasvir in the presence of sofosbuvir: application to dosage forms and human plasma. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 35:486-492. [PMID: 31869004 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A fast, low-cost, sensitive, and selective spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of ledipasvir was developed and validated. The method is based on an enhancement in the native fluorescence intensity of ledipasvir by 500% of its original value by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the cited drug and Tween-20 in the micellar system (pH = 5.0). All fluorescence measurements were carried out at 425 nm and 340 nm for emission and excitation wavelengths, respectively. A linear relationship between the concentration of ledipasvir and the observed fluorescence intensity was achieved in the range of 0.1-2.0 μg ml-1 with 0.028, 0.084 μg ml-1 , for detection and quantitation limits, respectively. The acquired selectivity and sensitivity using the proposed method facilitate the analysis of ledipasvir in spiked human plasma with sufficient percentage recovery (95.36-99.30%). The proposed method was developed and validated according to International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Moreover, the cited drug was successfully determined in its pharmaceutical dosage form using the proposed method. In addition, the validity of the proposed results was statistically confirmed using Student's t-test, variance ratio F-test, and interval hypothesis test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdel-Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ramadan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Omar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sayed M Derayea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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21
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Abouelasrar Salama S, Lavie M, De Buck M, Van Damme J, Struyf S. Cytokines and serum amyloid A in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 50:29-42. [PMID: 31718982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) is dependent on the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α during infection and inflammation. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) upregulates SAA-inducing cytokines. In line with this, a segment of chronically infected individuals display increased circulating levels of SAA. SAA has even been proposed to be a potential biomarker to evaluate treatment efficiency and the course of disease. SAA possesses antiviral activity against HCV via direct interaction with the viral particle, but might also divert infectivity through its function as an apolipoprotein. On the other hand, SAA shares inflammatory and angiogenic activity with chemotactic cytokines by activating the G protein-coupled receptor, formyl peptide receptor 2. These latter properties might promote chronic inflammation and hepatic injury. Indeed, up to 80 % of infected individuals develop chronic disease because they cannot completely clear the infection, due to diversion of the immune response. In this review, we summarize the interconnection between SAA and cytokines in the context of HCV infection and highlight the dual role SAA could play in this disease. Nevertheless, more research is needed to establish whether the balance between those opposing activities can be tilted in favor of the host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abouelasrar Salama
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Muriel Lavie
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mieke De Buck
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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22
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Meewan I, Zhang X, Roy S, Ballatore C, O’Donoghue AJ, Schooley RT, Abagyan R. Discovery of New Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease and Its D168A Mutant. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16999-17008. [PMID: 31646247 PMCID: PMC6796237 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a human pathogen with high morbidity. The HCV NS3/4A protease is essential for viral replication and is one of the top three drug targets. Several drugs targeting the protease have been developed, but drug-resistant mutant strains emerged. Here, we screened a library and synthesized a novel class of small molecules based on a tryptophan derivative scaffold identified as HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors that are active against both wild type and mutant form of the protease. Only the compounds with predicted binding poses not affected by the most frequent mutations in the active site were selected for experimental validation. The antiviral activities were evaluated by replicon and enzymatic assays. Twenty-two compounds were found to inhibit HCV with EC50 values ranging between 0.64 and 63 μM with compound 22 being the most active. In protease assays, 22 had a comparable inhibition profile for the common mutant HCV GT1b D168A and the wild-type enzyme. However, in the same assay, the potency of the approved drug, simeprevir, decreased 5.7-fold for the mutant enzyme relative to the wild type. The top three inhibitors were also tested against four human serine proteases and were shown to be specific to the viral protease. The fluorescence-based cell viability assay demonstrated a sufficient therapeutic range for the top three candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ittipat Meewan
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and School of Medicine, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xingquan Zhang
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and School of Medicine, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and School of Medicine, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and School of Medicine, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and School of Medicine, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Robert T. Schooley
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and School of Medicine, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and School of Medicine, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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23
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Li Z, Yao F, Xue G, Xu Y, Niu J, Cui M, Wang H, Wu S, Lu A, Zhong J, Meng G. Antiviral effects of simeprevir on multiple viruses. Antiviral Res 2019; 172:104607. [PMID: 31563599 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simeprevir was developed as a small molecular drug targeting the NS3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Unexpectedly, our current work discovered that Simeprevir effectively promoted the transcription of IFN-β and ISG15, inhibited the infection of host cells by multiple viruses including Zika virus (ZIKV), Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), as well as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). However, the inhibitory effects of Simeprevir on ZIKV, EV-A71 and HSV-1 were independent from IFN-β and ISG15. This study thus demonstrates that the application of Simeprevir can be extended to other viruses besides HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Fujia Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Guang Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yongfen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Junling Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shuxian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ailing Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Dawood RM, Salum GM, Abdelhafez TH, El Shenawy R, Ibrahim NE, El Awady MK. Safety and tolerability of mice to repeated subcutaneous injections of a peptide mix as a potential vaccine against HCV infection. Hum Antibodies 2019; 27:105-110. [PMID: 30594921 DOI: 10.3233/hab-180354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In this study, the safety and tolerability of new candidate HCV vaccine named Cenv6 were screened in mice. Cenv6 peptide is composed of 6 synthetic HCV peptides (3 structural and 3 nonstructural peptides). METHODS Forty eight mice were enrolled in this study, 12 controls and 36 mice (the thirty-six mice were categorized into 3 groups according to administered doses (3 monthly doses of 800 ng, 1600 ng, and 16 μg/25 gm mouse body weight (bw))). Hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes were appraised. RESULTS Our data indicated that the doses of 800 ng and 1600 ng of Cenv6 per 25 gm mouse body weight were safe as compared to the dose 16 μg/25 gm bw (10 times more than the potential therapeutic dose) for all examined tissues while the 16 μg Cenv6 dose provoked histopathological changes in kidneys, liver and lungs. CONCLUSIONS The extravagant histopathological changes in different organs have exiled the 16 μg dose out of acceptable range and validated that Cenv6 is safe and tolerable at the two lower doses (800 and 1600 ng/25 gm bw).
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Costa VD, Brandão-Mello CE, Nunes EP, dos Santos Silva PGC, de Souza Rodrigues LLLX, Lampe E, do Amaral Mello FC. Treatment of chronic HCV infection with DAAs in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil: SVR rates and baseline resistance analyses in NS5A and NS5B genes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216327. [PMID: 31063475 PMCID: PMC6504041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of viral strains with resistance-associated substitutions at hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A and NS5B genes is considered one of the limiting factors for achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) to combination of direct-acting antivirals daclatasvir (DCV) and sofosbuvir (SOF). Since 2015, this interferon-free regimen has been available in Brazilian clinical routine for treating mono- and HCV/HIV-coinfected patients chronically infected with genotypes 1 and 3. Our aim was to assess SVR rate for Brazilian patients chronically infected with genotypes 1 and 3 after DCV/SOF therapy and the frequency of baseline RASs in HCV NS5A and NS5B genes. Serum samples were collected from 107 monoinfected patients and 25 HCV/HIV co-infected patients before antiviral therapy with DCV/SOF. Genetic diversity of NS5A and NS5B genes was assessed by direct nucleotide sequencing. Overall, SVR rate was 95.4% (126/132), and treatment failure occurred in five monoinfected and one HCV/HIV co-infected patient. NS5A RASs frequency was higher for HCV/HIV patients (28%) than monoinfected patients (16.8%). No difference was evidenced between mono- and HCV/HIV-coinfected groups (15% vs. 16%) regarding NS5B gene. Genotype (GT) 1b strains had significantly more baseline substitutions in NS5A (31.6%) than GT 1a and 3a. At least one primary NS5A RAS described in literature at loci 28, 30, 31 or 93 was identified in HCV GTs 1 strains for both groups. As for NS5B, RASs at positions 159 and 316 was observed only in GT 1b strains. This study highlighted that SVR rate in clinical routine in Brazil was similar to randomized clinical trials (89–98%). Our research provided genetic data about the circulation of resistant variants in Brazil. Despite its presence, most of identified baseline mutations did not negatively impact treatment outcome. Genetic diversity of circulating strains suggested that most of the Brazilian HCV chronic carriers are susceptible to new therapeutic regimens including recently approved DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D. Costa
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos E. Brandão-Mello
- Hospital Universitário Gaffrée & Guinle, UNIRIO, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Estevão P. Nunes
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, INI/FIOCRUZ, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mekonnen ZA, Grubor-Bauk B, Masavuli MG, Shrestha AC, Ranasinghe C, Bull RA, Lloyd AR, Gowans EJ, Wijesundara DK. Toward DNA-Based T-Cell Mediated Vaccines to Target HIV-1 and Hepatitis C Virus: Approaches to Elicit Localized Immunity for Protection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:91. [PMID: 31001491 PMCID: PMC6456646 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major contributors to the global disease burden with many experts recognizing the requirement of an effective vaccine to bring a durable end to these viral epidemics. The most promising vaccine candidates that have advanced into pre-clinical models and the clinic to eliminate or provide protection against these chronic viruses are viral vectors [e.g., recombinant cytomegalovirus, Adenovirus, and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)]. This raises the question, is there a need to develop DNA vaccines against HIV-1 and HCV? Since the initial study from Wolff and colleagues which showed that DNA represents a vector that can be used to express transgenes durably in vivo, DNA has been regularly evaluated as a vaccine vector albeit with limited success in large animal models and humans. However, several recent studies in Phase I-IIb trials showed that vaccination of patients with recombinant DNA represents a feasible therapeutic intervention to even cure cervical cancer, highlighting the potential of using DNA for human vaccinations. In this review, we will discuss the limitations and the strategies of using DNA as a vector to develop prophylactic T cell-mediated vaccines against HIV-1 and HCV. In particular, we focus on potential strategies exploiting DNA vectors to elicit protective localized CD8+ T cell immunity in the liver for HCV and in the cervicovaginal mucosa for HIV-1 as localized immunity will be an important, if not critical component, of an efficacious vaccine against these viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem A. Mekonnen
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Makutiro G. Masavuli
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashish C. Shrestha
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rowena A. Bull
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric J. Gowans
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Danushka K. Wijesundara
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,*Correspondence: Danushka K. Wijesundara
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Dellay B, Sexter A, Wang JH, Hess GP, Ray Kim W, Israni AK. Impact of Sofosbuvir-Based Therapy on Liver Transplant Candidates with Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Pharmacotherapy 2019; 39:424-432. [PMID: 30779203 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sofosbuvir use in patients with decompensated cirrhosis may be associated with reduced liver transplant waitlist mortality and reduced need for transplant. METHODS Data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients were linked with a national database of pharmacy claims. All adult patients on the liver transplant waitlist on January 1, 2014, or added to the list during 2014, with hepatitis C virus as reason for listing were identified (2009 patients). A subgroup of 1093 unique patients had consistent pharmacy claim capture and observations. We compared patients who were and were not treated with all sofosbuvir-based regimens. RESULTS During the study period, 154 patients received sofosbuvir-based regimens. These patients had lower model for end-stage liver disease scores and significantly longer waiting times. We found a trend toward significance for more sofosbuvir-treated than untreated patients being removed from the waitlist due to improved condition (4.54% vs 3.19%, p=0.03). In a propensity score-adjusted analysis, sofosbuvir-treated patients were less likely to undergo transplant (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.37-0.89, p=0.01). CONCLUSION During the study period reflecting early sofosbuvir use, few liver transplant candidates received sofosbuvir. Use was associated with lower incidence of transplant and a trend toward more waitlist removals due to improved condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Sexter
- Chronic Disease Research Group, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gregory P Hess
- Scientific Studies & Projects Group, Symphony Health, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.,Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - W Ray Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ajay K Israni
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Al-Zoman NZ, Maher HM, Al-Subaie A. Eco-friendly micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of newly developed antiviral agents in pharmaceutical formulations. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1538884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nourah Zoman Al-Zoman
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadir Mohamed Maher
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal Al-Subaie
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Huang MH, Li H, Xue R, Li J, Wang L, Cheng J, Wu Z, Li W, Chen J, Lv X, Li Q, Lan P, Zhao L, Yang Y, Peng Z, Jiang J. Up-regulation of glycolipid transfer protein by bicyclol causes spontaneous restriction of hepatitis C virus replication. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:769-781. [PMID: 31384537 PMCID: PMC6663943 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicyclol is a synthetic drug for hepatoprotection in clinic since 2004. Preliminary clinical observations suggest that bicyclol might be active against hepatitis C virus (HCV) with unknown mechanism. Here, we showed that bicyclol significantly inhibited HCV replication in vitro and in hepatitis C patients. Using bicyclol as a probe, we identified glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) to be a novel restrictive factor for HCV replication. The GLTP preferentially bound host vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein-A (VAP-A) in competition with the HCV NS5A, causing an interruption of the complex formation between VAP-A and HCV NS5A. As the formation of VAP-A/NS5A complex is essential for viral RNA replication, up-regulation of GLTP by bicyclol reduced the level of VAP-A/NS5A complex and thus inhibited HCV replication. Bicyclol also exhibited an inhibition on HCV variants resistant to direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) with an efficacy identical to that on wild type HCV. In combination with bicyclol, DAAs inhibited HCV replication in a synergistic fashion. GLTP appears to be a newly discovered host restrictive factor for HCV replication, Up-regulation of GLTP causes spontaneous restriction of HCV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hao Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rong Xue
- Department of Liver Diseases, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Jianrui Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Liver Diseases, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Junjun Cheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhouyi Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoqin Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pei Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Liver Diseases, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zonggen Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding authors.
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30
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Sofia MJ. The Discovery and Early Clinical Evaluation of the HCV NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor Asunaprevir (BMS-650032). TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123690 DOI: 10.1007/7355_2018_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of asunaprevir (1) began with the concept of engaging the small and well-defined S1’ pocket of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease that was explored in the context of tripeptide carboxylic acid-based inhibitors. A cyclopropyl-acyl sulfonamide moiety was found to be the optimal element at the P1-P1’ interface enhancing the potency of carboxylic acid-based prototypes by 10- to >100-fold, dependent upon the specific background. Optimization for oral bioavailability identified a 1-substituted isoquinoline-based P2* element that conferred a significant exposure advantage in rats compared to the matched 4-substituted quinoline isomer. BMS-605339 (30) was the first cyclopropyl-acyl sulfonamide derivative advanced into clinical trials that demonstrated dose-related reductions in plasma viral RNA in HCV-infected patients. However, 30 was associated with cardiac events observed in a normal healthy volunteer (NHV) and an HCV-infected patient that led to the suspension of the development program. Using a Langendorff rabbit heart model, a limited structure-cardiac liability relationship was quickly established that led to the discovery of 1. This compound, which differs from 30 only by changes in the substitution pattern of the P2* isoquinoline heterocycle and the addition of a single chlorine atom to the molecular formula, gave a dose-dependent reduction in plasma viral RNA following oral administration to HCV-infected patients without the burden of the cardiac events that had been observed with 30. A small clinical trial of the combination of 1 with the HCV NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir (2) established for the first time that a chronic genotype 1 (GT-1) HCV infection could be cured by therapy with two direct-acting antiviral agents in the absence of exogenous immune-stimulating agents. Development of the combination of 1 and 2 was initially focused on Japan where the patient population is predominantly infected with GT-1b virus, culminating in marketing approval which was granted on July 4, 2014. In order to broaden therapy to include GT-1a infections, a fixed dose triple combination of 1, 2, and the allosteric NS5B inhibitor beclabuvir (3) was developed, approved by the Japanese health authorities for the treatment of HCV GT-1 infection on December 20, 2016 and marketed as Ximency®.
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Salum GM, Bader El Din NG, Ibrahim MK, Dawood RM, Farouk S, El Awady MK. Correlation Between TGF-β1 and c-MET Expression in HCV Genotype 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M. Salum
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha G. Bader El Din
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa K. Ibrahim
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham M. Dawood
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sally Farouk
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K. El Awady
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Siqueira FM, Ferreira VL, Borba HHL, Pontarolo R. Quality of life of Brazilian chronic hepatitis C patients treated with interferon-free therapies. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e72. [PMID: 30462795 PMCID: PMC6235428 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the severity of chronic hepatitis C, there are multiple factors that can negatively affect the quality of life of infected patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients under second-generation direct-acting antiviral (DAA) (interferon-free) therapies and to assess treatment effectiveness. This was an observational study conducted in Curitiba (Brazil) using two instruments (a generic and a specific) for measuring the quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C, the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) for liver disease evaluation. The study included patients receiving any interferon-free therapy for hepatitis C treatment during 2016 and 2017. Data were collected before, during, and after treatment regarding the two questionnaires, effectiveness and safety. Fifty-six patients fulfilled all eligibility criteria and were included for analysis. Sustained virological response was obtained in 88% of the patients. They were mainly genotype 1, cirrhotic and treated with sofosbuvir combined with daclatasvir or sofosbuvir with simeprevir. Improvement in the quality of life was observed for several domains in both questionnaires (p < 0.05) in the comparison before and after treatment. Patients receiving sofosbuvir with daclatasvir had significantly lower scores compared to the group receiving sofosbuvir with simeprevir. Second-generation DAA therapies were effective and have considerably increased the HRQoL of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Mateus Siqueira
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Assistência Farmacêutica, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Lins Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helena Hiemisch Lobo Borba
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Assistência Farmacêutica, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Yap JE, Jaiswal P, Ton L, Szynkarek R, Attar BM, Gandhi S. Successful treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection with crushed elbasvir/grazoprevir administered via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 43:730-732. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Yap
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCook County Health and Hospitals System Chicago IL USA
| | - P. Jaiswal
- Department of Internal MedicineCook County Health and Hospitals System Chicago IL USA
| | - L. Ton
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCook County Health and Hospitals System Chicago IL USA
| | - R. Szynkarek
- Department of PharmacyCook County Health and Hospital System Chicago IL USA
| | - B. M. Attar
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCook County Health and Hospitals System Chicago IL USA
| | - S. Gandhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCook County Health and Hospitals System Chicago IL USA
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Bakacs T, Safadi R, Kovesdi I. Post-infection viral superinfection technology could treat HBV and HCV patients with unmet needs. HEPATOLOGY, MEDICINE AND POLICY 2018; 3:2. [PMID: 30288325 PMCID: PMC5918728 DOI: 10.1186/s41124-017-0028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Viral hepatitis deaths from acute infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer have risen from the tenth to the seventh leading cause of death worldwide between 1990 and 2013. Even in the oral direct acting antiviral (DAA) agent era there are still large numbers of patients with unmet needs. Medications approved for treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection do not eradicate HBV often requiring treatment for life associated with risks of adverse reactions, drug resistance, nonadherence, and increased cost. Although DAAs increased virologic cure rates well over 90% in all hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes, HCV infection still cannot be cured in a small but significant minority of patients. While most of the medical issues of HCV treatment have been solved, the current costs of DAAs are prohibitive. Results The post-infection viral superinfection treatment (SIT) platform technology has been clinically proven to be safe and effective to resolve acute and persistent viral infections in 42 HBV and HCV patients (20 HBV, 22 HCV), and in 4 decompensated patients (2 HBV, 2 HCV). SIT employs a non-pathogenic avian double stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, a potent activator of antiviral gene responses. Unexpectedly, SIT is active against unrelated DNA (HBV) and RNA (HCV) viruses. SIT does not require lifelong therapy, which is a major advantage considering present HBV treatments. The new viral drug candidate (R903/78) is homogeneously produced by reverse genetics in Vero cells. R903/78 has exceptional pH and temperature stability and also excellent long-term stability; therefore, it can be orally administered, stored and shipped without freezing. Since R903/78 is easy to stockpile, the post-infection SIT could also alleviate the logistic hurdles of surge capacity in vaccine production during viral pandemics. Conclusion To help large number of HBV and HCV patients with unmet needs, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs effective against whole classes of viruses are urgently needed. The innovative SIT technological platform will be a great additional armament to conquer viral hepatitis, which is still a major cause of death and disability worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rifaat Safadi
- 2Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Pharmacophore anchor models of flaviviral NS3 proteases lead to drug repurposing for DENV infection. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:548. [PMID: 29297305 PMCID: PMC5751397 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viruses of the flaviviridae family are responsible for some of the major infectious viral diseases around the world and there is an urgent need for drug development for these diseases. Most of the virtual screening methods in flaviviral drug discovery suffer from a low hit rate, strain-specific efficacy differences, and susceptibility to resistance. It is because they often fail to capture the key pharmacological features of the target active site critical for protein function inhibition. So in our current work, for the flaviviral NS3 protease, we summarized the pharmacophore features at the protease active site as anchors (subsite-moiety interactions). Results For each of the four flaviviral NS3 proteases (i.e., HCV, DENV, WNV, and JEV), the anchors were obtained and summarized into ‘Pharmacophore anchor (PA) models’. To capture the conserved pharmacophore anchors across these proteases, were merged the four PA models. We identified five consensus core anchors (CEH1, CH3, CH7, CV1, CV3) in all PA models, represented as the “Core pharmacophore anchor (CPA) model” and also identified specific anchors unique to the PA models. Our PA/CPA models complied with 89 known NS3 protease inhibitors. Furthermore, we proposed an integrated anchor-based screening method using the anchors from our models for discovering inhibitors. This method was applied on the DENV NS3 protease to screen FDA drugs discovering boceprevir, telaprevir and asunaprevir as promising anti-DENV candidates. Experimental testing against DV2-NGC virus by in-vitro plaque assays showed that asunaprevir and telaprevir inhibited viral replication with EC50 values of 10.4 μM & 24.5 μM respectively. The structure-anchor-activity relationships (SAAR) showed that our PA/CPA model anchors explained the observed in-vitro activities of the candidates. Also, we observed that the CEH1 anchor engagement was critical for the activities of telaprevir and asunaprevir while the extent of inhibitor anchor occupation guided their efficacies. Conclusion These results validate our NS3 protease PA/CPA models, anchors and the integrated anchor-based screening method to be useful in inhibitor discovery and lead optimization, thus accelerating flaviviral drug discovery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-017-1957-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Villar LM, Caldas GC, Scalioni LDP, Miguel JC, da Silva EF, Marques VA, Villela-Nogueira CA, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E. High prevalence of insulin resistance among Brazilian chronic hepatitis C patients. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:628-632. [PMID: 29412389 PMCID: PMC10522051 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to estimate the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and their related laboratory and demographic data. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this study, non-diabetic CHC patients referred to Viral Hepatitis Ambulatories from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) donated blood samples. Insulin was measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. IR was determined by HOMA-IR, where HOMA-IR > 2 was defined as IR. RESULTS A total of 214 CHC patients were recruited (123 females aged 53.6 years ± 10.9 years). IR was present in 133 patients (62.1%) and was associated in bivariate analysis to higher mean values of age (p = 0.040), triglycerides (p = 0.032), glucose (p = 0.000), insulin (p = 0.000), waist circumference (p = 0.001), and body mass index (p = 0.007); however, none of these variables were significant in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of IR was observed among CHC patients, and there was no difference in clinical or laboratory parameters when both groups were compared in the multivariate analysis. This high IR prevalence could lead to a high risk for development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Melo Villar
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Cardoso Caldas
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Leticia de Paula Scalioni
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Juliana Custódio Miguel
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Elisangela Ferreira da Silva
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Alves Marques
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Alves Villela-Nogueira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroHospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF)Departamento de Clínica MédicaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilUnidade de Hepatologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Gewaid H, Mesalam AA, Ibrahim AA, Abdel Shafy DN, Abdel Shafy RN, Emara N, Hamdy SM, Gewaid M, Bahgat MM. Establishment of a platform for molecular and immunological characterization of the RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase NS5B of an Egyptian HCV isolate. J Med Virol 2017; 90:545-558. [PMID: 29064582 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed at establishing a platform to enable frequent characterization of the HCV RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase from Egyptian clinical isolates. Subjecting amplified HCV-NS5B coding gene from Egyptian patient's serum to sequencing, multiple alignment, and phylogenetic analysis confirmed its subtype 4a origin. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed presence of an additional start codon at the beginning of the NS5B gene. Peptide sequence alignment demonstrated presence of unique amino acid residues in our 4a-NS5B sequence distinct from the JFH-1-NS5B sequence as well as unique amino acids compared to other genotypes. The distinct molecular structure of the herein characterized 4a-NS5B from the 2a-JFH-1-NS5B was further demonstrated both in the built 3D models and the Ramachandran plots corresponding to each structure. Both the unique amino acid residues and 3D structure of the 4a-NS5B may influence both genotype 4a replication rate and response to therapy in comparison to other genotypes. Many resistance mutations to polymerase inhibitors were found both in ours and other genotypes' sequences. The presence of the required amino acid motifs for the RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity encouraged to clone the NS5B570-encoding sequence downstream CMV promotor in a mammalian expression vector. Such construct was used for both prokaryotic expression in bacteria and for DNA immunization. Successful mammalian expression and induction of specific immune response were demonstrated by ELISA and Western blotting. The potential of both the raised antibodies and the expressed NS5B to differentiate between HCV-infected and control human sera were demonstrated which reflect their diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Gewaid
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Mesalam
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Ibrahim
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina N Abdel Shafy
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.,Water Pollution Research Department, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rola N Abdel Shafy
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahed Emara
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soha M Hamdy
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud M Bahgat
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, the National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Glab-Ampai K, Chulanetra M, Malik AA, Juntadech T, Thanongsaksrikul J, Srimanote P, Thueng-In K, Sookrung N, Tongtawe P, Chaicumpa W. Human single chain-transbodies that bound to domain-I of non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) of hepatitis C virus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15042. [PMID: 29118372 PMCID: PMC5678119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A safe and broadly effective direct acting anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agent that can withstand the viral mutation is needed. In this study, human single chain antibody variable fragments (HuscFvs) to conserved non-structural protein-5A (NS5A) of HCV were produced by phage display technology. Recombinant NS5A was used as bait for fishing-out the protein bound-phages from the HuscFv-phage display library. NS5A-bound HuscFvs produced by five phage transfected-E. coli clones were linked molecularly to nonaarginine (R9) for making them cell penetrable (become transbodies). The human monoclonal transbodies inhibited HCV replication in the HCVcc infected human hepatic cells and also rescued the cellular antiviral immune response from the viral suppression. Computerized simulation verified by immunoassays indicated that the transbodies used several residues in their multiple complementarity determining regions (CDRs) to form contact interface with many residues of the NS5A domain-I which is important for HCV replication complex formation and RNA binding as well as for interacting with several host proteins for viral immune evasion and regulation of cellular physiology. The human monoclonal transbodies have high potential for testing further as a new ramification of direct acting anti-HCV agent, either alone or in combination with their cognates that target other HCV proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittirat Glab-Ampai
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monrat Chulanetra
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Malik
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanate Juntadech
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum-thani province, 12120, Thailand
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum-thani province, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Thueng-In
- School of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon-ratchaseema province, Thailand
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pongsri Tongtawe
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum-thani province, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum-thani province, 12120, Thailand.
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Gan CS, Lim SK, Chee CF, Yusof R, Heh CH. Sofosbuvir as treatment against dengue? Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:448-455. [PMID: 28834304 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dengvaxia® (CTD-TDV), the only licensed tetravalent dengue vaccine by Sanofi Pasteur, was made available since 2015. However, administration of CTD-TDV, in general, has not received the prequalification recommendation from the World Health Organization. Having a universal antidengue agent for treatment will therefore beneficial. Accordingly, the development of nucleoside inhibitors specific to dengue viral polymerase that perturb dengue infection has been studied by many. Alternatively, we have used a marketed anti-HCV prodrug sofosbuvir to study its in silico and in vitro effects against dengue. As a result, the active metabolite of sofosbuvir (GS-461203) was predicted to bind to the catalytic motif (Gly-Asp-Asp) of dengue viral polymerase with binding affinity of -6.9 kcal/mol. Furthermore, sofosbuvir demonstrated excellent in vitro viral inhibition with an EC90 of 0.4 μm. In addition, this study demonstrated the requirement of specific liver enzymes to activate the prodrug into GS-461203 to exert its antidengue potential. All in all, sofosbuvir should be subjected to in-depth studies to provide information of its efficacy toward dengue and its lead potential as DENV polymerase inhibitor in human subjects. In conclusion, we have expended the potential of the clinically available drug sofosbuvir as treatment for dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chye Sheng Gan
- Drug Design and Development Research Group, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - See Khai Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Drug Design and Development Research Group, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation) Office, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohana Yusof
- Drug Design and Development Research Group, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon Han Heh
- Drug Design and Development Research Group, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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40
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Saleh NA, Elshemey WM. Structure-based drug design of novel peptidomimetic cellulose derivatives as HCV-NS3 protease inhibitors. Life Sci 2017; 187:58-63. [PMID: 28842311 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) represents a global health threat not only due to the large number of reported worldwide HCV infections, but also due to the absence of a reliable vaccine for its prevention. HCV NS3 protease is one of the most important targets for drug design aiming at the deactivation of HCV. In the present work, molecular docking simulations are carried out for suggested novel NS3 protease inhibitors applied to the Egyptian genotype 4. These inhibitors are modifications of dimer cellulose by adding a hexa-peptide to the cellulose at one of the positions 2, 3, 6, 2', 3' or 6'. Results show that the inhibitor compound with the hexa-peptide at position 6 shows significantly higher simulation docking score with HCV NS3 protease active site. This is supported by low total energy value of docking system, formation of two H-bonds with HCV NS3 protease active site residues, high binding affinity and increased stability in the interaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Saleh
- Biophysic Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Wael M Elshemey
- Biophysic Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt,.
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41
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Hernández-Bartolomé Á, López-Rodríguez R, García-Buey L, Martín-Vílchez S, Rodríguez-Muñoz Y, Borque MJ, González-Moreno L, Real-Martínez Y, Mendoza-Ridruejo J, Martín-Pérez E, Moreno-Otero R, Sanz-Cameno P. Intrahepatic angiopoietin-2 correlates with chronic hepatitis C progression and is induced in hepatitis C virus replicon systems. Liver Int 2017; 37:1148-1156. [PMID: 28027429 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and angiogenesis is closely related to the pathogenesis and progression of different chronic liver diseases (CLD). Thus, the intrahepatic expression of angiopoietins 1 and 2 (Ang1 and Ang2), as relevant mediators of pathological angiogenesis in several CLD, was investigated. In addition, the differential influence of structural and non-structural genomic regions of HCV on the expression of angiopoietins and the possible signalling involved were studied. METHODS Ang1 and Ang2 expression was evaluated by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in liver homogenates of CHC patients (n=47) and uninfected subjects (n=8). Their association with disease progression (according to METAVIR classification) was assessed by Spearman's correlation. Statistical differences among the expression of angiopoietins at different CHC stages were calculated by Mann-Whitney U-test. Finally, the in vitro expression of Angiopoietins in HCV replicons (complete or non-structural subgenomic) and the main signalling pathways involved were also examined. RESULTS Ang2 levels were significantly higher in the liver of CHC patients compared to controls and significantly correlated with inflammation and fibrosis. Accordingly, an increased expression of Ang2 was found in all HCV replicons tested. Interestingly, the inhibition of MEK and PI3K signalling pathways exerted differential effects on Ang2 expression concerning to the genomic region of HCV. CONCLUSIONS Hepatitis C virus induces Ang2 expression in hepatocytes through different signalling routes which may lead to the disregulation of vascular homeostasis in the liver. Thus, pharmacologic intervention on Ang2 signalling might constitute an important therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luisa García-Buey
- Liver Unit, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - María Jesús Borque
- Molecular Biology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Elena Martín-Pérez
- Digestive Surgery Service, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Moreno-Otero
- Liver Unit, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz-Cameno
- Liver Unit, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Zaily DG, Marlen CF, Santiago DC, Gillian MD, Carmen VS, Zurina CE, Enrique R. AS, Liz AL, Lisset GF, Sacha LDV, Elena FB. Clinical Evaluation of Terap C Vaccine in Combined Treatment with Interferon and Ribavirin in Patients with Hepatitis C. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2017; 85:20-28. [PMID: 29158855 PMCID: PMC5681293 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 170 million individuals worldwide are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although treatment options using a combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin (P-IFN/RBV) are available, sustained clearance of the virus is only achieved in approximately 40% of individuals infected with HCV genotype 1. Recent advances in the treatment of HCV using directly acting antiviral agents have been achieved; however, treatment can be very expensive and is associated with substantial side effects. The development of a new treatment modality is needed. One possible modality could be specific immunotherapy. Terap C is a therapeutic vaccine candidate composed of pIDKE2, a plasmid expressing HCV structural antigens, with a recombinant HCV core protein, Co.120. OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of concomitant therapy with the candidate vaccine, Terap C, IFN α-2b and ribavirin in untreated individuals with HCV genotype 1 infection. METHODS This was a Phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of Terap C concomitant with IFN α-2b/RBV in 92 treatment-naïve patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. The study was conducted at the Gastroenterology Institute in Havana, Cuba. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups. The control group (Group 1) received IFN α-2b/RBV and placebo for 48 weeks. Groups 2 and 3 were administered Terap C 6 and 9 times, respectively, in addition to standard IFN α-2b/RBV treatment. In groups 4 and 5, Terap C was introduced 12 weeks after the initiation of IFN α-2b/RBV and administered 6 and 9 times, respectively, concomitant with IFN α-2b/RBV. RESULTS All patients showed some adverse events. Out of 3615 adverse events, only 18.8% were considered to be probably associated with administration of Terap C. Most events (47.4%) were considered to be improbably associated with of administration Terap C. Only 33.8% were considered possibly temporarily associated with Terap C, and can be explained by the use of conventional IFN α-2b + RBV or by HCV itself. The most common adverse events (≥65%) observed were pain at the injection site, headache, asthenia, psychiatric disturbances, fever, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Regarding sustained virological response, a 20% superiority was observed in the patients who received concomitant Terap C treatments from the beginning of the study compared with those who started after Week 12. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination with Terap C in patients with chronic HCV infection was safe and well tolerated. Clinical trial protocol code: IG/VHI/HC/0701; Public Register Code: RPCEC00000074.
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Ocque AJ, Hagler CE, DiFrancesco R, Morse GD, Talal AH. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for determination of Direct Acting Antiviral drugs in human liver fine needle aspirates. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1052:103-109. [PMID: 28365413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of direct acting antiviral drug concentrations in human liver fine needle aspirates. Liver fine needle aspirate (FNA) biopsy samples were homogenized in acetonitrile to stabilize the analytes and precipitate protein. The acetonitrile supernatants were diluted with internal standards and mobile phase. Separation was achieved with a Waters Acquity BEH C18 column (50×2.1mm, 1.7um) with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The total run time was 4.25min. Detection of analytes was achieved using electrospray ionization (positive mode) and triple quadrupole selected reaction monitoring. Standard curve concentrations ranged from 12.5 to 5000ng/mL for dasabuvir and the m1 metabolite of dasabuvir, 1.25 to 2500ng/mL for ombitasvir and ritonavir, and 5.00 to 5000ng/mL for paritaprevir. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were less than 13.7% in low, medium, and high quality control samples. The validated method was applied to the analysis of a liver fine needle aspirate of a patient undergoing direct acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ocque
- Translational Pharmacology Research Core, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Colleen E Hagler
- Translational Pharmacology Research Core, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robin DiFrancesco
- Translational Pharmacology Research Core, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gene D Morse
- Translational Pharmacology Research Core, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrew H Talal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Center for Clinical and Research in Liver Disease, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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45
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Modulating the selectivity of matriptase-2 inhibitors with unnatural amino acids. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 129:110-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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46
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Afzal MS. Hepatitis C Virus and Interferon-Free Antiviral Therapeutics Revolution: Implications for Pakistan. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:252-257. [PMID: 28118096 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health concern worldwide as a leading cause of liver-related mortalities and morbidities. Pakistan ranks second among countries with endemic HCV infection; ∼11 million cases are reported so far. HCV burden is continuously rising in Pakistan, mainly because of unsafe blood transfusions, surgical procedures, dental procedures, untrained clinicians, reuse of syringes, barbers, and ear/nose piercing tools. Lack of awareness about HCV transmission routes among the general and high-risk population is a major hurdle in disease management. HCV prevalence in the general population and healthy blood donors ranges from 3.13% to 23.83% and from 1.05% to 20.8%, respectively; whereas in the high-risk groups, HCV prevalence is up to 66%. Genotype 3 is most prevalent in Pakistan followed by genotypes 1 and 2 along with an alarming number of untypable viral genotypes in the local community. Mainly interferon-based antiviral regimens are used in Pakistan and are quite effective, because the major prevalent genotype (genotype 3) showed the best sustained virological response (SVR) with it. But a large number of individuals did not show SVR either because of infection with nonresponder genotypes or because of side effects. Due to these reasons, there was a need for interferon-free direct acting antivirals (DAAs). Recently, Sovaldi (Sofosbuvir: NS5B inhibitor) is approved on a heavy discounted rate for Pakistan; it is currently in effective use and showed good SVR. Sovaldi plus ribavirin is used alone or along with interferon to treat different viral genotypes. Sovaldi will be the future treatment regime for Pakistan, because genotype 2 and genotype 3 infected individuals achieve the best SVR with it. For the treatment of other prevalent viral genotypes, approval of some other DAAs such as Ledipasvir on discounted price is required for better disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT) , Lahore, Pakistan
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47
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Ivanenkov YA, Aladinskiy VA, Bushkov NA, Ayginin AA, Majouga AG, Ivachtchenko AV. Small-molecule inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A (NS5A): a patent review (2010-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:401-414. [PMID: 27967269 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1272573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein has achieved a considerable attention as an attractive target for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV). A number of novel NS5A inhibitors have been reported to date. Several drugs having favorable ADME properties and mild side effects were launched into the pharmaceutical market. For instance, daclatasvir was launched in 2014, elbasvir is currently undergoing registration, ledipasvir was launched in 2014 as a fixed-dose combination with sofosbuvir (NS5B inhibitor). Areas covered: Thomson integrity database and SciFinder database were used as a valuable source to collect the patents on small-molecule NS5A inhibitors. All the structures were ranked by the date of priority. Patent holder and antiviral activity for each scaffold claimed were summarized and presented in a convenient manner. A particular focus was placed on the best-in-class bis-pyrrolidine-containing NS5A inhibitors. Expert opinion: Several first generation NS5A inhibitors have recently progressed into advanced clinical trials and showed superior efficacy in reducing viral load in infected subjects. Therapy schemes of using these agents in combination with other established antiviral drugs with complementary mechanisms of action can address the emergence of resistance and poor therapeutic outcome frequently attributed to antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan A Ivanenkov
- a Department of Biological and Medical Physics , Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) , Dolgoprudny City , Moscow Region , Russia.,b Department of Computational and Medicinal Chemistry , ChemDiv , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Chemistry Department , Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Vladimir A Aladinskiy
- a Department of Biological and Medical Physics , Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) , Dolgoprudny City , Moscow Region , Russia
| | - Nikolay A Bushkov
- a Department of Biological and Medical Physics , Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) , Dolgoprudny City , Moscow Region , Russia
| | - Andrey A Ayginin
- a Department of Biological and Medical Physics , Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) , Dolgoprudny City , Moscow Region , Russia
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Al-Zoman NZ, Maher HM, Al-Subaie A. Simultaneous determination of newly developed antiviral agents in pharmaceutical formulations by HPLC-DAD. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:1. [PMID: 28101128 PMCID: PMC5214962 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/dasabuvir (Viekira Pak®) are the newest medicines approved for use in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are available in tablet form as an oral combination. Specifically, these agents are indicated in the treatment of HCV in patients with genotype 1 infection. Due to the therapeutic importance and increased use of Viekira Pak, proper methods for its determination in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations must be developed. Results The present study describes the development and validation of a simple, rapid, selective and economical reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method for the simultaneous determination of paritaprevir (PAR), ombitasvir (OMB), dasabuvir(DAS) and ritonavir (RIT) in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method was carried out using an RPC18 column (150 × 4.5 mm, 3.5 μ), with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7)and acetonitrile (35:65, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and a detection wavelength of 254 nm. Sorafenib (SOR) was selected as the internal standard to ensure that the quantitative performance was high. The method was validated based on its specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, accuracy, precision, robustness and stability. The calibration curves for PAR, DAS, RIT and OMB were linear at 2.5–60, 1.25–30, 1.7–40 and 0.42–10 μg/ml, respectively, and all of the correlation coefficients were >0.999. Conclusions The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/dasabuvirin tablets, without interference from the excipient peaks. Hence, the method can be applied for the routine quality control analysis of the studied drugs, either in bulk or dosed forms.Simultaneous estimation of newly developed antiviral agents in pharmaceutical formulations by HPLC-DAD method ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourah Zoman Al-Zoman
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadir Mohamed Maher
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria, 21521 Egypt
| | - Amal Al-Subaie
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
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49
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Skoreński M, Grzywa R, Sieńczyk M. Why should we target viral serine proteases when developing antiviral agents? Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Skoreński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Science & Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50–370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Renata Grzywa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Science & Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50–370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Science & Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50–370 Wroclaw, Poland
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50
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Ekstrom V, Kumar R, Zhao Y, Yee ML, Sung C, Toh D, Loh PY, Tan J, Teo EK, Chow WC. Real world experience with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in hepatitis C genotype 1 population with favourable IL28B polymorphism. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2016; 5:208-212. [PMID: 28852525 PMCID: PMC5554392 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gow033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Conventional hepatitis C treatment using pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin is associated with significant side effects. IL28B polymorphism can predict response to treatment, with CC genotype having a better response. ITPA gene deficiency protects against clinically significant anaemia induced by treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine IL28B polymorphism and ITPA variation among hepatitis C genotype 1 patients who have undergone therapy with PEG-IFN and ribavirin and their association with sustained viral response (SVR). Methods: All hepatitis C genotype 1 patients who had been treated with PEG-IFN and ribavirin over the past 10 years were identified by available medical records and were contacted by letter of invitation to participate in the study. Blood samples for IL28B and ITPA genotyping were obtained. Medical records were reviewed for verification of treatment response, development of anaemia and if treatment reduction was required during the treatment. Results: A total of 61 patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 were treated with PEG-IFN and ribavirin, of whom 42 agreed to participate in the study. Mean age was 45.6±12.9 years at time of treatment, and 83.3% of patients were males. Thirty-three (78.6%) had IL28B CC genotype, of whom 25 (75.8%) obtained SVR compared with only 3 of 9 (33.3%) non C/C genotype patients who achieved SVR (P=0.041). Eleven (26.1%) patients had ITPA AC genotype, and 30 (71.4%) had CC genotype. There was no statistically significant difference between ITPA AC and CC genotypes in predicting clinically significant anaemia (45.5% vs 63.3%, P=0.302). Even among patients who developed anaemia, 70.8% still managed to achieve SVR. Treatment reduction also had no impact on SVR. Conclusion: Hepatitis C genotype 1 patients should be informed of the response rate for treatment with PEG-IFN and ribavirin in a population with favourable IL28B genotype before consideration of newer therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ekstrom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Rajneesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mei Ling Yee
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Cynthia Sung
- Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore.,Emerging Infectious Disease Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Dorothy Toh
- Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Poh Yen Loh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jessica Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eng Kiong Teo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wan Cheng Chow
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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