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Maximino-Pinheiro M, Menu I, Boissin E, Brunet LA, Barone C, Borst G. Metacognition as a mediator of the relation between family SES and language and mathematical abilities in preschoolers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10392. [PMID: 38710829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of family socioeconomic status (SES) on academic achievement in literacy and numeracy has been extensively studied with educational inequalities already witnessed in preschoolers. This is presumably explained by the effect of family SES on cognitive and socioemotional abilities associated with academic achievement. Metacognition which refers to knowledge and regulation skills involving reflexivity about one's own cognitive processes is one of these abilities. However, most of the studies investigating the association between metacognition and academic achievement have focused on school-aged students and studies with younger students are only emerging. Meanwhile, the association between family SES and metacognition abilities has surprisingly received little attention regardless of participants' age. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between family SES, metacognition, language and mathematical abilities in preschoolers aged 5 to 6. We provide the first evidence that the effect of family SES on preschoolers' language and mathematical abilities is mediated by the effect of family SES on their metacognitive abilities. The implications for future research, education and policies aiming at reducing educational inequalities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Maximino-Pinheiro
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education (LaPsyDE) - CNRS: UMR8240, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Evaluation of Public Policies (LIEPP), Sciences Po, Paris, France
| | - Iris Menu
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education (LaPsyDE) - CNRS: UMR8240, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Esther Boissin
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education (LaPsyDE) - CNRS: UMR8240, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lys-Andréa Brunet
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education (LaPsyDE) - CNRS: UMR8240, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Carlo Barone
- Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Evaluation of Public Policies (LIEPP), Sciences Po, Paris, France
- Centre for Research on Social Inequalities (CRIS) - CNRS: UMR7049, Sciences Po, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education (LaPsyDE) - CNRS: UMR8240, University Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Evaluation of Public Policies (LIEPP), Sciences Po, Paris, France.
- French University Institute (Institut Universitaire de France), Paris, France.
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Nawaz B, Fromm A, Øygarden H, Eide GE, Saeed S, Meijer R, Bots ML, Sand KM, Thomassen L, Næss H, Waje-Andreassen U. Vascular risk factors and staging of atherosclerosis in patients and controls: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study. Eur Stroke J 2022; 7:289-298. [PMID: 36082261 PMCID: PMC9446327 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221098582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We studied the prevalence of vascular risk factors (RFs) among 385 ischaemic
stroke patients ⩽60 years and 260 controls, and their association with
atherosclerosis in seven vascular areas. Methods: History of cardiovascular events (CVE), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM),
dyslipidaemia, pack-years of smoking (PYS), alcohol, and physical inactivity
were noted. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR),
lipid profile, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral abdominal adipose
tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were measured.
Numeric staging of atherosclerosis was done by standardized examination of
seven vascular areas by right and left carotid and femoral intima-media
thickness, electrocardiogram, abdominal aorta plaques, and the ankle-arm
index. All results were age and sex-adjusted. Poisson regression analysis
was applied. Results: At age ⩽49 years at least one RF was present in 95.6% patients versus 90.0%
controls. Compared to controls, male patients and middle-aged female
patients showed no significant differences. Young female patients compared
to young female controls had a higher burden of RFs (94.3% vs 88.6%,
p = 0.049). Poisson regression analysis combined for
patients and controls, adjusted for age and sex, showed numeric staging of
atherosclerosis associated with age, prior CVE, hypertension, DM,
dyslipidaemia, PYS, alcohol, BMI, WHR, EAT, VAT, and an increased number of
risk factors. Adjusted for all risk factors, numeric staging of
atherosclerosis was associated with increasing age, hypertension, DM, PYS,
and BMI. Conclusion: Vascular risk factors are highly prevalent in young- and middle-aged patients
and controls, and are predictors of established atherosclerosis at study
inclusion. Focus on main modifiable vascular RFs in primary prevention, and
early and aggressive secondary treatment of patients are necessary to reduce
further progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenish Nawaz
- Department of Clinical Medicine 1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Annette Fromm
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Halvor Øygarden
- Department of Neurology, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Geir Egil Eide
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sahrai Saeed
- Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rudy Meijer
- Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristin Modalsli Sand
- Department of Medicine, Sørlandet Hospital, Flekkefjord, Norway
- The Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Thomassen
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Halvor Næss
- Department of Clinical Medicine 1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Askarizadeh F, Heirani M, Khorrami-Nejad M, Narooie-Noori F, Khabazkhoob M, Ostadrahimi A. Is there any connection between choroidal thickness and obesity? Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2022; 14:25158414221100649. [PMID: 35795720 PMCID: PMC9251961 DOI: 10.1177/25158414221100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a health-threatening and epidemic medical condition that can affect individuals of different ages and is potentially associated with an increased risk of systemic and ocular disorders. Despite the well-documented adverse effects of obesity on different parts of the body vasculature, less published data are available concerning obesity-related consequences on the ocular vasculature. As the human choroid is a highly vascularized tissue, its morphology and function might be altered in obese individuals. The micro-structural changes within the choroid could also trigger development of subsequent functional abnormalities of the eye. Previous population-based studies have asserted an association between obesity and choroidal thickness; however, they reported conflicting patterns of association between obesity and changes in choroidal thickness. Therefore, to enhance our understanding of the changes in choroidal morphology secondary to obesity, we reviewed studies describing the micro-structural consequences of obesity on the choroidal thickness profile and its underlying physiological and anatomical basis. This review includes all original publications related to the association between choroidal thickness and obesity published until mid-2021 that were indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, or Scopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Askarizadeh
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Khorrami-Nejad
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Foroozan Narooie-Noori
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNoor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Lambeth C, Perri R, Lee S, Verma M, Campbell-Rogers N, Larcos G, Byth K, Kairaitis K, Amis T, Wheatley J. Predictors for carotid and femoral artery intima-media thickness in a non-diabetic sleep clinic cohort. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252569. [PMID: 34086802 PMCID: PMC8177540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The impact of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) on arterial intima-media thickness (IMT), a surrogate measure for cardiovascular disease, remains uncertain, in part because of the potential for non-SDB vascular risk factor interactions. In the present study, we determined predictors for common carotid (CCA) and femoral (CFA) artery IMT in an adult, sleep clinic cohort where non-SDB vascular risk factors (particularly diabetes) were eliminated or controlled. Methods We recruited 296 participants for polysomnography (standard SDB severity metrics) and CCA/CFA ultrasound examinations, followed by a 12 month vascular risk factor minimisation (RFM) and continuous positive pressure (CPAP) intervention for participants with a range of SDB severity (RFM Sub-Group, n = 157; apnea hyponea index [AHI]: 14.7 (7.2–33.2), median [IQR]). Univariable and multivariable linear regression models determined independent predictors for IMT. Linear mixed effects modelling determined independent predictors for IMT change across the intervention study. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results Age, systolic blood pressure and waist:hip ratio were identified as non-SDB predictive factors for CCA IMT and age, weight and total cholesterol:HDL ratio for CFA IMT. No SDB severity metric emerged as an independent predictor for either CCA or CFA IMT, except in the RFM Sub-Group, where a 2-fold increase in AHI predicted a 2.4% increase in CFA IMT. Across the intervention study, CCA IMT decreased in those who lost weight, but there was no CPAP use interaction. CFA IMT, however, decreased by 12.9% (95%CI 6.8, 18.7%, p = 0.001) in those participants who both lost weight and used CPAP > = 4hours/night. Conclusion We conclude that SDB severity has little impact on CCA IMT values when non-SDB vascular risk factors are minimised or not present. This is the first study, however, to suggest a potential linkage between SDB severity and CFA IMT values. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000250932 and ACTRN12620000694910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lambeth
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rita Perri
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharon Lee
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Manisha Verma
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Campbell-Rogers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George Larcos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Byth
- Research and Education Network, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristina Kairaitis
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Terence Amis
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - John Wheatley
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Flanagan M, Pathak I, Gan Q, Winter L, Emnet R, Akel S, Montaño AM. Umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as enzyme delivery vehicle to treat Morquio A fibroblasts. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:276. [PMID: 33957983 PMCID: PMC8101245 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (Morquio A syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS), which results in the accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), keratan sulfate, and chondroitin-6-sulfate in the lysosomes of all tissues causing systemic dysfunction. Current treatments include enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) which can treat only certain aspects of the disease such as endurance-related biological endpoints. A key challenge in ERT is ineffective enzyme uptake in avascular tissues, which makes the treatment of the corneal, cartilage, and heart valvular tissue difficult. The aim of this study was to culture human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (UMSC), demonstrate presence of GALNS enzyme activity within the extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from these UMSC, and study how these secreted EVs are taken up by GALNS-deficient cells and used by the deficient cell's lysosomes. METHODS We obtained and cultured UMSC from the umbilical cord tissue from anonymous donors from the Saint Louis Cord Blood Bank. We characterized UMSC cell surface markers to confirm phenotype by cell sorting analyses. In addition, we confirmed that UMSC secrete GALNS enzyme creating conditioned media for co-culture experiments with GALNS deficient cells. Lastly, we isolated EVs derived from UMSC by ultracentrifugation to confirm source of GALNS enzyme. RESULTS Co-culture and confocal microscopy experiments indicated that the lysosomal content from UMSC migrated to deficient cells as evidenced by the peak signal intensity occurring at 15 min. EVs released by UMSC were characterized indicating that the EVs contained the active GALNS enzyme. Uptake of GALNS within EVs by deficient fibroblasts was not affected by mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) inhibition, suggesting that EV uptake by these fibroblasts is gradual and might be mediated by a different means than the M6P receptor. CONCLUSIONS UMSC can deliver EVs containing functional GALNS enzyme to deficient cells. This enzyme delivery method, which was unaffected by M6P inhibition, can function as a novel technique for reducing GAG accumulation in cells in avascular tissues, thereby providing a potential treatment option for Morquio A syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Flanagan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Blvd., Room 313, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Isha Pathak
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qi Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Blvd., Room 313, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Linda Winter
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Blvd., Room 313, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ryan Emnet
- St. Louis Cord Blood Bank, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Salem Akel
- St. Louis Cord Blood Bank, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adriana M Montaño
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Blvd., Room 313, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Wang RY, Rudser KD, Dengel DR, Evanoff N, Steinberger J, Movsesyan N, Garrett R, Christensen K, Boylan D, Braddock SR, Shinawi M, Gan Q, Montaño AM. Abnormally increased carotid intima media-thickness and elasticity in patients with Morquio A disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:73. [PMID: 32183856 PMCID: PMC7079365 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-1331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease frequently causes morbidity and mortality in mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS); however, cardiovascular anatomy and dysfunction in MPS IVA (Morquio A disease) is not well described. Consequently, the study aimed to compare carotid artery structure and elasticity of MPS IVA patients with other MPS patients and healthy control subjects, and quantitate frequency of MPS IVA cardiac structural and functional abnormalities. Methods Prospective, multi-center echocardiogram and carotid ultrasound evaluations of 12 Morquio A patients were compared with other MPS and healthy control subjects. Average differences between groups were adjusted for age, sex, and height with robust variance estimation for confidence intervals and P-values. Results Morquio A patients demonstrated significantly higher (P < 0.001) adjusted carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), mean (SD) of 0.56 mm (0.03) compared to control subjects, 0.44 mm (0.04). The Morquio A cohort had significantly greater adjusted carotid elasticity (carotid cross-sectional compliance + 43%, P < 0.001; carotid incremental elastic modulus − 33%, P = 0.003) than control subjects and other MPS patients. Aortic root dilatation was noted in 56% of the Morquio A cohort, which also had highly prevalent mitral (73%) and aortic (82%) valve thickening, though hemodynamically significant valve dysfunction was less frequent (9%). Conclusions Increased carotid elasticity in Morquio A patients is an unexpected contrast to the reduced elasticity observed in other MPS. These Morquio A cIMT findings corroborate MPS IVA arterial post-mortem reports and are consistent with cIMT of other MPS. Aortic root dilatation in Morquio A indicates arterial elastin dysfunction, but their carotid hyperelasticity indicates other vascular intima/media components, such as proteoglycans, may also influence artery function. Studying MPS I and IVA model systems may uniquely illuminate the function of glycosaminoglycan-bearing proteoglycans in arterial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Y Wang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, CHOC Children's Specialists, Orange, CA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Kyle D Rudser
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Donald R Dengel
- School of Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas Evanoff
- School of Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nina Movsesyan
- Research Institute, CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Robert Garrett
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine Christensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Doisy Research Center, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah Boylan
- SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen R Braddock
- Department of Pediatrics, Doisy Research Center, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qi Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, Doisy Research Center, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adriana M Montaño
- Department of Pediatrics, Doisy Research Center, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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Easterhoff D, Pollara J, Luo K, Tolbert WD, Young B, Mielke D, Jha S, O'Connell RJ, Vasan S, Kim J, Michael NL, Excler JL, Robb ML, Rerks-Ngarm S, Kaewkungwal J, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Sinangil F, Tartaglia J, Phogat S, Kepler TB, Alam SM, Wiehe K, Saunders KO, Montefiori DC, Tomaras GD, Moody MA, Pazgier M, Haynes BF, Ferrari G. Boosting with AIDSVAX B/E Enhances Env Constant Region 1 and 2 Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Breadth and Potency. J Virol 2020; 94:e01120-19. [PMID: 31776278 PMCID: PMC6997759 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01120-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of protective antibodies is a critical goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. One strategy is to induce nonneutralizing antibodies (NNAbs) that kill virus-infected cells, as these antibody specificities have been implicated in slowing HIV-1 disease progression and in protection. HIV-1 Env constant region 1 and 2 (C1C2) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) frequently mediate potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), making them an important vaccine target. Here, we explore the effect of delayed and repetitive boosting of RV144 vaccine recipients with AIDSVAX B/E on the C1C2-specific MAb repertoire. It was found that boosting increased clonal lineage-specific ADCC breadth and potency. A ligand crystal structure of a vaccine-induced broad and potent ADCC-mediating C1C2-specific MAb showed that it bound a highly conserved Env gp120 epitope. Thus, boosting to affinity mature these types of IgG C1C2-specific antibody responses may be one method by which to make an improved HIV vaccine with higher efficacy than that seen in the RV144 trial.IMPORTANCE Over one million people become infected with HIV-1 each year, making the development of an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine an important unmet medical need. The RV144 human HIV-1 vaccine regimen is the only HIV-1 clinical trial to date to demonstrate vaccine efficacy. An area of focus has been on identifying ways by which to improve upon RV144 vaccine efficacy. The RV305 HIV-1 vaccine regimen was a follow-up boost of RV144 vaccine recipients that occurred 6 to 8 years after the conclusion of RV144. Our study focused on the effect of delayed boosting in humans on the vaccine-induced Env constant region 1 and 2 (C1C2)-specific antibody repertoire. It was found that boosting with an HIV-1 Env vaccine increased C1C2-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity potency and breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kan Luo
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brianna Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Shalini Jha
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- U.S. Army Medical Directorate, AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerome Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Excler
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Faruk Sinangil
- Global Solutions of Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
The quality of raw and treated wastewater was evaluated using the principal component weighted index (PCWI) which was defined as a sum of principal component scores weighted according to their eigenvalues. For this purpose, five principal components (PCs) explaining 88% and 83% of the total variability of raw and treated wastewater samples, respectively, were extracted from 11 original physico-chemical parameters by robust principal component analysis (PCA). The PCWIs of raw and treated wastewater were analyzed in terms of their statistical distributions, temporal changes, mutual correlations, correlations with original parameters, and common water quality indexes (WQI). The PCWI allowed us to monitor temporal wastewater quality by one parameter instead of several. Unlike other weighted indexes, the PCWI is composed of independent variables with minimal information noise and objectively determined weights.
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Csipo T, Mukli P, Lipecz A, Tarantini S, Bahadli D, Abdulhussein O, Owens C, Kiss T, Balasubramanian P, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Hand RA, Yabluchanska V, Sorond FA, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A. Assessment of age-related decline of neurovascular coupling responses by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in humans. GeroScience 2019; 41:495-509. [PMID: 31676966 PMCID: PMC6885078 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies provide strong evidence that age-related impairment of neurovascular coupling (NVC) plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). NVC is a critical homeostatic mechanism in the brain, responsible for adjustment of local cerebral blood flow to the energetic needs of the active neuronal tissue. Recent progress in geroscience has led to the identification of critical cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in neurovascular aging, identifying these pathways as targets for intervention. In order to translate the preclinical findings to humans, there is a need to assess NVC in geriatric patients as an endpoint in clinical studies. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that enables the investigation of local changes in cerebral blood flow, quantifying task-related changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations. In the present overview, the basic principles of fNIRS are introduced and the application of this technique to assess NVC in older adults with implications for the design of studies on the mechanistic underpinnings of VCI is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology / Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Josa Andras Hospital, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dhay Bahadli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Osamah Abdulhussein
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Cameron Owens
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rachel A Hand
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Valeriya Yabluchanska
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Bon Secours, St. Francis Family Medicine Center, Midlothian, VA, USA
| | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Age-related decline in peripheral vascular health predicts cognitive impairment. GeroScience 2019; 41:125-136. [PMID: 31030329 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies demonstrate that generalized endothelial cell dysfunction and microvascular impairment are potentially reversible causes of age-related vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that severity of age-related macro- and microvascular dysfunction measured in the peripheral circulation is an independent predictor of cognitive performance in older adults. In this study, we enrolled 63 healthy individuals into young (< 45 years old) and aged (> 65 years old) groups. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to construct a comprehensive peripheral vascular health index (VHI) encompassing peripheral microvascular reactivity, arterial endothelial function, and vascular stiffness, as a marker of aging-induced generalized vascular dysfunction. Peripheral macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function were assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and laser speckle contrast imaging tests. Pulse waveform analysis was used to evaluate the augmentation index (AIx), a measure of arterial stiffness. Cognitive function was measured using a panel of CANTAB cognitive tests, and PCA was then applied to generate a cognitive impairment index (CII) for each participant. Aged subjects exhibited significantly impaired macrovascular endothelial function (FMD, 5.6 ± 0.7% vs. 8.3 ± 0.6% in young, p = 0.0061), increased arterial stiffness (AIx 29.3 ± 1.8% vs 4.5 ± 2.6% in young, p < 0.0001), and microvascular dysfunction (2.8 ± 0.2 vs 3.4 ± 0.1-fold change of perfusion in young, p = 0.032). VHI showed a significant negative correlation with age (r = - 0.54, p < 0.0001) and CII significantly correlated with age (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001). VHI significantly correlated with the CII (r = - 0.46, p = 0.0003). A decline in peripheral vascular health may reflect generalized vascular dysfunction and predict cognitive impairment in older adults.
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11
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Borràs M, Cambray S, Crespo-Masip M, Pérez-Fontán M, Bozic M, Bermudez-López M, Fernández E, Betriu À, Valdivielso JM. Peritoneal Dialysis Is an Independent Factor Associated to Lower Intima Media Thickness in Dialysis Patients Free From Previous Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1743. [PMID: 30564145 PMCID: PMC6289076 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) displays prognostic value as a marker of cardiovascular risk in dialysis patients. However, few data are available regarding the impact of dialysis modality on cIMT. The aim of this study is to determine whether the modality of dialysis influences cIMT values. We compared 237 peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 451 hemodialysis (HD) patients without previous cardiovascular disease included in NEFRONA, a prospective, observational and multicenter study. This cross sectional study included the determination of cIMT in 6 carotid territories by arterial ultrasound. cIMT was determined in territories without atheroma plaque and averaged. A second analysis was performed using all territories, giving a truncated cIMT value of 1,5 mm to territories presenting with atheroma plaque. Age and plaque presence at baseline were the clinical variables more closely associated to cIMT in dialysis patients. The evaluation of the impact of the modality of dialysis on cIMT showed that PD patients had lower cIMT than HD patients, both in territories with no plaques and when using truncated cIMT values. No differences were found between right and left sides, neither in cIMT or truncated cIMT values. Lineal multivariate analysis adjusted by several clinical variables showed a statistically significant association of PD with a lower cIMT (slope -0.036; SD 0.010). These results were also confirmed when truncated cIMT values were used. We conclude that the modality of dialysis has an impact on cITM. HD patients have greater global cIMT than PD patients, and PD is and independent factor associated with a lower cIMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Borràs
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), RedinRen RETIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Lleida, Spain.,Nephrology Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Serafí Cambray
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), RedinRen RETIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Crespo-Masip
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), RedinRen RETIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Milica Bozic
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), RedinRen RETIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marcelino Bermudez-López
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), RedinRen RETIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Lleida, Spain
| | - Elvira Fernández
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), RedinRen RETIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Lleida, Spain.,Nephrology Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Àngels Betriu
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), RedinRen RETIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Lleida, Spain
| | - José M Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), RedinRen RETIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Lleida, Spain
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12
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Influence of cardiovascular risk factors on longitudinal motion of the common carotid artery wall. Atherosclerosis 2018; 272:54-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Tromba L, Tartaglia F, Carbotta S, Sforza N, Pelle F, Colagiovanni V, Carbotta G, Cavaiola S, Casella G. The Role of Sleeve Gastrectomy in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk. Obes Surg 2017; 27:1145-1151. [PMID: 27812790 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and a catalyst of other cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and metabolic syndrome. METHODS We analyzed cardiovascular risk in obese patients before and after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). To this end, we studied changes in body mass index (BMI), blood chemistry parameters that characterize the risk of atherosclerosis and instrumental parameters (objective markers of this risk), namely intima-media thickness (IMT) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD), the latter reflecting endothelial function. We also considered purely cardiac parameters-mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)-which describe cardiac risk more specifically than the ejection fraction. Alteration of one or more of these parameters determines an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. RESULTS The results showed that weight loss, in patients undergoing SG, is accompanied by a reduced BMI and a marked improvement in blood chemistry, confirming what has already been shown in many other studies, but the most interesting finding was the effect of SG on the instrumental markers of atherosclerosis. In particular, carotid IMT was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) and FMD significantly improved. MAPSE and TAPSE also improved significantly at both follow-up assessments (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that SG should be considered from a broader perspective, i.e. as a weight loss treatment that also improves obesity-related morbidity and mortality, benefitting both the patient and, in an economic sense, the society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Tromba
- Surgical Sciences Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sabino Carbotta
- Surgical Sciences Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Sforza
- Surgical Sciences Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pelle
- Surgical Sciences Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Colagiovanni
- Gynecological, Obstetric Sciences Department and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carbotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Casella
- Surgical Sciences Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Aortic, carotid intima-media thickness and flow- mediated dilation as markers of early atherosclerosis in a cohort of pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 37:1675-1682. [PMID: 29022136 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to identify the presence of endothelial dysfunction as a marker of early atherosclerosis by measuring aortic and carotid intimal-medial thickness (aIMT and cIMT) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and their correlation with traditional and no traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis in children with rheumatic diseases. Thirty-nine patients (mean age 15.3 ± 5.7 years), 23 juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 9 juvenile spondyloarthropathies, 7 connective tissue diseases (mean disease duration and onset respectively 5 ± 3.6 and 10 ± 5 years), and 52 healthy children matched for sex and age were enrolled. Demographic data (age, sex, familiarity for cardiovascular disease), traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis (BMI, active and passive smoking, dyslipidemia), activity disease indexes (reactive count protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) autoantibodies, and complement tests were collected. aIMT, cIMT, and FMD were assessed following a standardized protocol by high-resolution ultrasonography. Patients resulted significantly more exposed to passive smoking and had a lower BMI and higher homocysteine level than controls. cIMT and aIMT were significantly higher in patients than controls (p < 0.001) and correlated with age at diagnosis (p < 0.001 r 0.516 and 0.706, respectively) but not with mean disease duration. FMD % was significantly reduced in patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). Subclinical atherosclerosis occurs in pediatric rheumatic diseases, mainly in early onset forms, and aIMT is an earlier marker of preclinical atherosclerosis. Premature endothelial dysfunction could be included in the follow-up of children with rheumatic disorders to plan prevention strategies of cardiovascular disease already in pediatrics.
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Carbotta G, Tartaglia F, Giuliani A, Carbotta S, Tromba L, Jacomelli I, De Anna L, Fumarola A. Cardiovascular risk in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism patients. A cluster analysis. Int J Cardiol 2016; 230:115-119. [PMID: 28038798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) are linked to an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to look for positive markers of CHD and correlations with thyroid blood tests in patients with SCH or CAT, but no symptoms of CHD, so as to identify CHD risk conditions that otherwise would likely be missed. METHODS We measured a series of thyroid, clinical-metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in 30 consecutive endocrinology patients enrolled in our ambulatory endocrinological referral center of "Sapienza" University of Rome. (19 with CAT, 11 with SCH) from January 2015 to March 2015. 13 asymptomatic subjects were enrolled as controls. In each patient, we measured a series of 34 thyroid, clinical-metabolic and cardiovascular parameters. RESULTS in the statistical analysis of collected data, the oblique principal components clustering procedure (OPC) revealed the presence of an interesting mixed cluster, composed of a thyroid parameter (TPO-Ab), a metabolic parameter (homocysteine level) and a cardiovascular parameter (MAPSE), in which we assessed the relationships between the single components. Our preliminary results indicate that in both groups of patients elevated TPO-Ab, when accompanied by reduced MAPSE and increased IMT and homocysteine values, may be taken to indicate the presence of clinically unrecognized CHD. CONCLUSIONS Confirmation of these results in larger series of patients could justify hormone therapy for prevention of CHD in these thyroid patients versus placebo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Carbotta
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabino Carbotta
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Surgical Sciences Department, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luciana Tromba
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Surgical Sciences Department, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Jacomelli
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Surgical Sciences Department, Rome, Italy.
| | - Livia De Anna
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Surgical Sciences Department, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Fumarola
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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Assessment of the carotid artery intima-media complex through ultrasonography and the relationship with Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth. Cardiol Young 2016; 26:1333-42. [PMID: 26555565 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951115002541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presence of carotid thickening and its relationship with the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth score. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study involving 512 brazilian adolescents. Variables such as sex, body mass index, concentrations of non-high-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin A1c levels that make up the score, and carotid thickening through the intima-media complex measured by ultrasound were evaluated. We adopted two cut-off points to evaluate carotid thickening, being considered altered for those higher or equal to the z-score 2+ and ⩾75th percentile. The association was assessed using the χ2 test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS High cardiovascular risk was present in 10.2% of the adolescents; carotid thickness was present in 4.3% determined by the z-score 2+ and in 25.0% determined by the 75th percentile. When measured by the z-score, carotid thickening was associated with high systolic blood pressure (p=0.024), high-non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.039), and high cardiovascular risk assessed by the score and by the 75th percentile, with body mass index >30 (p=0.005). In the multivariate analysis, high cardiovascular risk was found to be independently associated with the presence of carotid thickness evaluated by the z-score, with risk four times greater (p=0.010) of presenting with this condition compared with individuals with low risk, and this fact was not observed when factors were analysed alone. CONCLUSION The presence of high cardiovascular risk in adolescents assessed by the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth score was associated with marked thickening of the carotid artery in healthy adolescents.
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Russo V, Paola LD, Piemonte V, Basile A, Falco MD, Giuliani A. Are biofuels sustainable? An LCA/multivariate perspective on feedstocks and processes. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Russo
- E&PSE group, Chemical Engineering Department, EBE Faculty; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Luisa Di Paola
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 Rome 00128 Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piemonte
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 Rome 00128 Italy
| | - Angelo Basile
- Institute on Membrane Technology of Italian National Research Council (ITM-CNR); c/o University of Calabria; via P. BucciCubo 17/C Rende (Cs) 87036 Italy
| | - Marcello De Falco
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 Rome 00128 Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Environment and Health Department; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena 299 Roma 00161 Italy
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Tromba L, Tartaglia F, Blasi S, Giuliani A, Carbotta S, Kiltzanidi D, Cavaiola S, Tortorelli G, Carbotta G, Pelle F. Is Carotid Stenosis in Women a Gender-Related Condition? J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2015; 25:348-54. [PMID: 26555221 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We set out to study, through ultrasound examinations, the carotid bifurcation in men and women with/without carotid stenosis to look for anatomical and electrophysiologic differences. We evaluated other variables to look for differences that might explain the dissimilar behavior of this disease in the two sexes and the presence and impact of risk factors. METHODS We examined 974 subjects aged 25 to 88 years (478 men and 496 women) in whom we considered heart rate, smoking status, and the presence of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Ultrasound examination of the neck vessels included measurement of intimal medial thickness (IMT), vessel diameter, and outflow area/inflow area ratio. We established plaque location, echogenicity and echostructure, and the percentage of stenosis owing to plaque and measured systolic velocity, flow direction, and the depth of detection of these parameters. We used the apnea and hyperpnea test to assess cerebrovascular reactivity. RESULTS Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were the most frequent risk factors. Women had a higher heart rate, whereas men had significantly greater IMT. The presence of atheromatous plaque was significantly correlated with age in both sexes, with men having a higher prevalence of carotid plaques. The sexes differed significantly with regard to plaque location, echogenicity, echostructure, and intracranial circulation. Women had a slightly higher blood flow velocity in the intracranial arteries. Risk factors affected plaque formation and extent more in men than in women. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that carotid stenosis is a gender-related trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Tromba
- 1 Surgical Sciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sara Blasi
- 1 Surgical Sciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sabino Carbotta
- 1 Surgical Sciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Demetra Kiltzanidi
- 1 Surgical Sciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Cavaiola
- 1 Surgical Sciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Carbotta
- 1 Surgical Sciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pelle
- 1 Surgical Sciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
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Baroncini LAV, de Castro Sylvestre L, Filho RP. Carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque represent different adaptive responses to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2015; 9:48-51. [PMID: 28785705 PMCID: PMC5497319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim To assess the effects of each traditional cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and smoking), including the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and to assess the degree of carotid plaque occurrence. Methods A total of 553 outpatients (216 men and 337 women; mean age 67.06 ± 12.44 years) who underwent a carotid artery ultrasound were screened for carotid plaque and CIMT measurements. Results The CIMT medians were higher in males (P < .001) and in patients with hypertension (P < .001). A linear increase occurred in mean CIMT of 0.0059 mm for each year of increase in age. The presence of plaque indicated a tendency to correlate with CIMT (P = .067). The presence of hypertension associated with diabetes (P = .0061; estimated difference 0.0494 mm) or dyslipidemia (P = .0016; estimated difference 0.0472 mm) or CAD (P = .0043; estimated difference 0.0527 mm) increased the mean CIMT measurements. The probability of plaque occurrence in carotid arteries is influenced by the age (P < .001) and is higher in patients with dyslipidemia (P = .008) and CAD (P < .001). Conclusions Hypertension is the strongest cardiovascular risk factor that increases CIMT, followed by age and male sex. Age and dyslipidemia increase the probability of carotid plaque. Increased CIMT and plaque could be present in the same patient caused by different risk factors and with independent effects on the artery wall and different clinical prognoses. Hypertension alone or with diabetes, dyslipidemia or CAD increases CIMT, but not the probability of carotid plaque. There is no current evidence to suggest that CIMT may progress to atherosclerotic plaque. Increased CIMT and plaque have different clinical prognoses in the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Andréa Villela Baroncini
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Medical School, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155 - Bloco CCBS, CEP: 80215-901 Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucimary de Castro Sylvestre
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Medical School, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155 - Bloco CCBS, CEP: 80215-901 Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pecoits Filho
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Medical School, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155 - Bloco CCBS, CEP: 80215-901 Curitiba, Brazil
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Aortic Intima-Media Thickness as an Early Marker of Atherosclerosis in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 61:41-6. [PMID: 26039941 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to determine the presence of endothelial dysfunction by measuring aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and to evaluate the role of traditional risk factors for premature atherosclerosis in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Thirty-four children with IBD (25 Crohn disease [CD] and 9 ulcerative colitis [UC]; mean age 11.1 years) and 27 healthy subjects matched for sex and age were enrolled. In all of the patients, demographic characteristics and risk factors for atherosclerosis (age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, active and passive smoking, and family history for cardiovascular diseases), CD and UC clinical activity scores, and inflammatory markers were evaluated. aIMT and cIMT were measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. RESULTS aIMT was significantly higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.0005). No significant differences were found for cIMT, although the carotid thickness was higher in patients with IBD than in healthy subjects. At a univariate analysis, inflammatory markers levels and tobacco smoking exposure were significantly related to higher aIMT values, whereas in a multivariate regression model, the inflammatory status was the only independent variable correlated with high aIMT. CONCLUSIONS aIMT is an earlier marker of preclinical atherosclerosis than cIMT in young children with active IBD. The inflammatory status and the smoking exposure are significantly correlated with the premature endothelial dysfunction. These data emphasize the importance of controlling the chronic intestinal inflammation and endorsing smoke-free environments for children and adolescents with IBD.
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Megias-Rangil I, Merino J, Ferré R, Plana N, Heras M, Cabré A, Bonada A, Rabassa A, Masana L. Subclinical atherosclerosis determinants in morbid obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:963-968. [PMID: 24907020 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. However, the impact of morbid obesity on vascular structure and function is not well understood. This study was designed to appraise subclinical atherosclerosis markers, including carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), endothelial function, and arterial wall stiffness, and their determinants, in morbidly obese patients. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional study 194 overweight and obese patients were distributed in morbid-obese patients (MOP, n = 110), obese (OP, n = 84) and overweight patients (OwP, n = 33) groups. Demography, anthropometry, clinical and standard biochemical data were recorded. cIMT, endothelial function, defined as the small artery reactivity index (saRHI), and artery wall rigidity, studied by the augmentation index, were determined. More than 50% of the MOP, OP and OwP had a cIMT above the 75th percentile per age and gender. No differences in cIMT or saRHI were observed, although overweight and obese patients (OOP) had higher arterial rigidity compared with the morbid-obese patients. In a multivariate regression test, while cholesterol was the main determinant of cIMT in overweight and obese patients, glucose metabolism was the determinant in MOP. CONCLUSION More than half of the population have a cIMT above general population ranges. OwP, OP and MOP have similar cIMT and saRHI. However, OOP have greater arterial wall rigidity. Dysglycemia is the main factor associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in MOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Megias-Rangil
- Dietetics and Nutrition Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Avinguda Josep Laporte Num 1, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - J Merino
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, CIBERDEM. Reus, Spain
| | - R Ferré
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, CIBERDEM. Reus, Spain
| | - N Plana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, CIBERDEM. Reus, Spain
| | - M Heras
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, CIBERDEM. Reus, Spain
| | - A Cabré
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, CIBERDEM. Reus, Spain
| | - A Bonada
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, CIBERDEM. Reus, Spain
| | - A Rabassa
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, CIBERDEM. Reus, Spain
| | - L Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, CIBERDEM. Reus, Spain
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Abstract
Obesity is a medical disease that is increasing significantly nowadays. Worldwide obesity prevalence doubled since 1980. Obese patients are at great risk for complications with physical and psychological burdens, thus affecting their quality of life. Obesity is well known to have higher risk for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal diseases and shorter life expectancy. In addition, obesity has a great impact on surgical diseases, and elective surgeries in comparison to general population. There is higher risk for wound infection, longer operative time, poorer outcome, and others. The higher the BMI (body mass index), the higher the risk for these complications. This literature review illustrates the prevalence of obesity as a diseases and complications of obesity in general as well as, in a surgical point of view, general surgery perioperative risks and complications among obese patients. It will review the evidence-based updates in these headlines.
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Alonso-Bouzón C, Carcaillon L, García-García FJ, Amor-Andrés MS, El Assar M, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Association between endothelial dysfunction and frailty: the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:495-505. [PMID: 23959520 PMCID: PMC3889911 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), both clinical and subclinical, has been proposed as one of the mechanisms underlying frailty. However, there is no evidence addressing the relationship between the earliest stage of CVD (endothelial dysfunction) and frailty. The goal of the study was to analyze the association between endothelial dysfunction, evaluated by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels, and frailty. We used data from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging, a prospective Spanish cohort study. Biological samples were obtained and ADMA levels were determined using an enzyme immunoassay method. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals of frailty associated with ADMA. Adjustments were made for age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors, and presence of atherosclerotic disease (assessed by ankle–brachial index; ABI). One thousand two hundred eighty-seven community-dwelling elderly were included. One hundred seven (8.3 %) were identified as frail, 542 (42.1 %) as pre-frail, and 638 (49.6 %) as non-frail. ADMAvalues were higher in frail subjects than in non-frail ones. In addition, an interaction between the presence of atherosclerotic disease and ADMA on the odds of frailty (p=0.045) was detected. After adjustments for age, classical cardiovascular risk factors, and ABI, the risk of frailty was associated with increasing levels of ADMA in subjects without atherosclerotic disease [OR for 1 standard deviation increase in ADMA=1.14 (1.01–1.28), p=0.032] but not in those with atherosclerotic disease. In our study, endothelial dysfunction, assessed by ADMA levels, is associated with frailty. These findings provide additional support for a relevant role of vascular system since its earliest stage in frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alonso-Bouzón
- />Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km, 12.500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid Spain
| | - Laure Carcaillon
- />Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Hormones and Cardiovascular Disease Team, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | | | - María S. Amor-Andrés
- />Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- />Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- />Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km, 12.500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid Spain
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24
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Dalmas E, Kahn JF, Giral P, Abdennour M, Bouillot JL, Fellahi S, Oppert JM, Clément K, Guerre-Millo M, Poitou C. Intima-media thickness in severe obesity: links with BMI and metabolic status but not with systemic or adipose tissue inflammation. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:3793-802. [PMID: 24062328 PMCID: PMC3816856 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with cardiovascular risk and a low-grade inflammatory state in both blood and adipose tissue (AT). Whether inflammation contributes to vascular alteration remains an open question. To test this hypothesis, we measured arterial intima-media thickness (IMT), which reflects subclinical atherosclerosis, in severely obese subjects and explored associations with systemic inflammation and AT inflammation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS IMT of the carotid artery (C-IMT) and IMT of the femoral artery (F-IMT) were measured in 132 nonobese (control) subjects (BMI 22.3 kg/m2; mean age 44.8 years) and 232 subjects who were severely obese without diabetes (OB/ND; n = 146; BMI 48.3 kg/m2; age 38.2 years) or severely obese with type 2 diabetes (OB/D; n = 86; BMI 47.0; age 49.4 years). In 57 OB/ND subjects, circulating soluble E-selectin, matrix metalloproteinase 9, myeloperoxidase, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, cystatin C, cathepsin S, and soluble CD14 were measured in serum. AT macrophages were quantified by CD68 immunochemistry. RESULTS Both C-IMT and F-IMT increased in OB/ND and OB/D patients. In OB/ND patients, age was the sole independent determinant of IMT. No significant association was found with circulating inflammation-related molecules, number of CD68+ cells, or the presence of crown-like structures in visceral or subcutaneous AT of OB/ND patients. CONCLUSIONS IMT increased with severe obesity but was not influenced by the degree of systemic inflammation or AT macrophage accumulation.
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Tromba L, Blasi S, Patrizi G, Kiltzanidi D, Hamida JB, Frezzotti F, Di Rocco G, Redler A. Advantages of carotid revascularization in the elderly. BMC Surg 2013. [PMCID: PMC3847286 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2482-13-s1-a47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Obesity and the microvasculature: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52708. [PMID: 23405065 PMCID: PMC3566162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity are thought to significantly influence a person's risk of cardiovascular disease, possibly via its effect on the microvasculature. Retinal vascular caliber is a surrogate marker of microvascular disease and a predictor of cardiovascular events. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and retinal vascular caliber. Methods and Findings Relevant studies were identified by searches of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 1966 to August 2011. Standardized forms were used for data extraction. Among over 44,000 individuals, obese subjects had narrower arteriolar and wider venular calibers when compared with normal weight subjects, independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. In adults, a 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a difference of 0.07 μm [95% CI: −0.08; −0.06] in arteriolar caliber and 0.22 μm [95% CI: 0.21; 0.23] in venular caliber. Similar results were found for children. Conclusions Higher BMI is associated with narrower retinal arteriolar and wider venular calibers. Further prospective studies are needed to examine whether a causative relationship between BMI and retinal microcirculation exists.
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Goodney PP. Using risk models to improve patient selection for high-risk vascular surgery. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:132370. [PMID: 24278669 PMCID: PMC3820539 DOI: 10.6064/2012/132370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular surgeons frequently perform procedures aimed at limiting death, stroke, or amputation on patients who present with diseases such as aortic aneurysms, carotid atherosclerosis, and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. However, now more than ever surgeons must balance the potential benefits associated with these interventions with the risks of physiologic insult for these elderly patients, who often have significant comorbidity burdens and the potential for costly complications. In this paper, we highlight how regional and national datasets can help surgeons identify which patients are most likely to benefit from vascular operations and which patients are most likely to suffer complications in the postoperative period. By using these guidelines to improve patient selection, our risk models can help patients, physicians, and policymakers improve the clinical effectiveness of surgical and endovascular treatments for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip P. Goodney
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Hanover, NH 03765, USA
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28
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Nyyssönen K, Kurl S, Karppi J, Nurmi T, Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Rauramaa R, de Faire U, Hamsten A, Smit AJ, Mannarino E, Humphries SE, Giral P, Grossi E, Tremoli E. LDL oxidative modification and carotid atherosclerosis: results of a multicenter study. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:231-6. [PMID: 22986183 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum LDL conjugated diene concentration is a marker of oxidative modification of LDL. We investigated the relationship between LDL conjugated dienes and cross-sectional subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by carotid IMT in high-risk subjects of a multicenter study. METHODS Serum LDL conjugated dienes and ultrasonographically assessed carotid intima-media thickness (IMT(mean), IMT(max) and IMT(mean-max)) were available for 553 subjects from Finland, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden. RESULTS In multivariate regression analysis, gender (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (IMT(mean), p = 0.01; IMT(mean-max), p = 0.05) and serum LDL conjugated dienes (p = 0.02 for both IMT(mean) and IMT(mean-max)) were the strongest determinants of IMT variation, adjusted for study center, ultrasound videotape reader and serum LDL cholesterol. Pack-years of smoking, added into the regression model, did not destroy the significant association between increased serum LDL conjugated dienes and IMT. Ratio of LDL conjugated dienes to LDL particle cholesterol was higher in subjects of Northern recruiting centers than of Southern centers (r = 0.39, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS There was a cross-sectional association between in vivo increased LDL oxidative modification and subclinical atherosclerosis after adjustment for traditional risk factors. The subjects in Northern countries of Europe had more oxidatively modified lipids per cholesterol in LDL particle than subjects in Southern countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nyyssönen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Protocol for measuring carotid intima-media thickness that best correlates with cardiovascular risk and target organ damage. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:955-61. [PMID: 22717546 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2012.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess which measurement of common carotid intima-media thickness (CC-IMT) is associated to a greater overall cardiovascular risk (CVR), and vascular cardiac and renal target organ damage (TOD), in diabetic, hypertensive patients and healthy subjects. METHODS A cross-sectional study, inclusion of 305 patients (113 hypertensive, 100 diabetics, and 92 healthy), aged 30-75 years. MEASUREMENTS Mean CC-IMT and maximum CC-IMT in near and far walls and in the anterior, lateral and posterior projections. Ankle/brachial index (ABI), pulse wave velocity (PWV), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), albumin/creatinine ratio, Cornell voltage-duration product (VDP) and CVR with the Framingham equation and the SCORE. RESULTS CC-IMT shows a positive correlation with CVR, PWV, and Cornell VDP, and a negative correlation with ABI and GFR (P < 0.001), with no difference between mean and maximum values, near and far wall, or projections. The odds ratio (OR) for the presence of TOD was greatest in mean CC-IMT (OR = 1.85 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.335-2.58)) and lowest in maximum CC-IMT in the posterior projections OR = 1.42 (95% CI: 1.12-1.80). For each unit increase in mean CC-IMT, a risk increase by 1.98 may be expected (95% CI: 0.69-3.26), whereas the risk increase for each unit increase in maximum CC-IMT is 1.75 (95% CI: 0.70-2.79) (P < 0.001) with Framingham and with no significant association with SCORE. CONCLUSIONS The CC-IMT measurement protocol best predicting for the occurrence of TOD and CVR estimated with Framingham is the mean of 120 measures of mean values in the near and far walls in all three projections of both carotid arteries.
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30
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Ma WH, Wang XL, Du YM, Wang YB, Zhang Y, Wei DE, Guo LL, Bu PL. Association between human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (YKL-40) and arterial stiffness in essential hypertension. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2012; 12:35. [PMID: 22642467 PMCID: PMC3438025 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-12-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background YKL-40, a proposed marker of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, is associated with atherosclerosis and an increased cardiovascular mortality in the general population. However, the relationship between YKL-40 and arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients has not been adequately assessed. Methods The relationship between serum levels of YKL-40 and arterial stiffness was evaluated in 93 essential hypertensive subjects and 80 normal subjects. Essential hypertensive subjects were divided into two groups based upon urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR): nonmicroalbuminuric group, (ACR <30 mg/g, n = 50) and microalbuminuric group (ACR ≥30 mg/g, n = 43). Large artery wall stiffness was assessed by measuring femoral arterial stiffness and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV). Serum levels of YKL-40 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The study demonstrated that YKL-40,cf-PWV and femoral arterial stiffness were increased significantly (P<0.05) in the hypertensive group compared with normal controls. These measurements were also increased significantly ( P<0.05) in the microalbuminuric group compared with the nonmicroalbuminuric group. YKL-40 was positively correlated with cf-PWV( r = 0.44, P = 0.000) and femoral arterial stiffness ( r = 0.42, P =0.001). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that YKL-40 was the impact factor of arterial stiffness ( P<0.05). Conclusion YKL-40 levels are elevated in essential hypertension subjects with an independent association between increasing YKL-40 levels and increasing arterial stiffness. The study suggests it played a positive role of YKL-40 in the progressing vascular complications in patients with essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
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31
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Tarzamni MK, Eshraghi N, Fouladi RF, Afrasiabi A, Halimi M, Azarvan A. Atherosclerotic Changes in Common Carotid Artery, Common Femoral Artery, and Ascending Aorta/Aortic Arch in Candidates for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Angiology 2012; 63:622-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319711435341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the association between common carotid and common femoral artery intima–media thickness (ccIMT and cfIMT, respectively), histopathologic severity of atherosclerosis in the ascending aorta/aortic arch, and the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) in 150 candidates for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). One-, 2-, and 3-vessel diseases were present in 20%, 25.9%, and 54.1%, respectively. Although no significant relationship was present between the ccIMT and the number of occluded coronary vessels ( P = .41), both the cfIMT and severity of atherosclerosis in the ascending aorta/aortic arch were predictive of more extensive CAD ( P = .03 and .01, respectively). Neither the ccIMT nor the cfIMT was correlated with the severity of aortic atherosclerosis ( P = .81 and .63, respectively). In conclusion, both cfIMT and atherosclerosis of ascending aorta/aortic arch are independent predictors of CAD extent. However, interrelationships between these 2 variables as well as the ccIMT are complex in CABG candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazem Tarzamni
- Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Eshraghi
- Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Afrasiabi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Madani Hospital, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monireh Halimi
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asad Azarvan
- Department of Radiology, St Elizabeth Hospital Medical Center, Youngstown, Ohio
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Barton M, Baretella O, Meyer MR. Obesity and risk of vascular disease: importance of endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:591-602. [PMID: 21557734 PMCID: PMC3315033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity has become a serious global health issue affecting both adults and children. Recent devolopments in world demographics and declining health status of the world's population indicate that the prevalence of obesity will continue to increase in the next decades. As a disease, obesity has deleterious effects on metabolic homeostasis, and affects numerous organ systems including heart, kidney and the vascular system. Thus, obesity is now regarded as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis-related diseases such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and stroke. In the arterial system, endothelial cells are both the source and target of factors contributing to atherosclerosis. Endothelial vasoactive factors regulate vascular homeostasis under physiological conditions and maintain basal vascular tone. Obesity results in an imbalance between endothelium-derived vasoactive factors favouring vasoconstriction, cell growth and inflammatory activation. Abnormal regulation of these factors due to endothelial cell dysfunction is both a consequence and a cause of vascular disease processes. Finally, because of the similarities of the vascular pathomechanisms activated, obesity can be considered to cause accelerated, 'premature' vascular aging. Here, we will review some of the pathomechanisms involved in obesity-related activation of endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction, the clinical relevance of obesity-associated vascular risk, and therapeutic interventions using 'endothelial therapy' aiming at maintaining or restoring vascular endothelial health. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Fat and Vascular Responsiveness. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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