1
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Deng S, Wang WX. Copper Toxicity in Acidic Phytoplankton: Impacts of Labile Cu Trafficking and Causes of Mitochondria Dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:16142-16152. [PMID: 39194316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Most studies on Cu toxicity relied on indirect physicochemical parameters to predict Cu toxicity resulting from adverse impacts. This study presents a systematic and intuitive picture of Cu toxicity induced by exogenous acidification in phytoplankton Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We first showed that acidification reduced the algal resistance to environmental Cu stress with a decreased growth rate and increased Cu bioaccumulation. To further investigate this phenomenon, we employed specific fluorescent probes to visualize the intracellular labile Cu pools in different algal cells. Our findings indicated that acidification disrupted the intracellular labile Cu trafficking, leading to a significant increase in labile Cu(I) pools. At the molecular level, Cu toxicity resulted in the inhibition of the Cu(I) import system and activation of the Cu(I) export system in acidic algal cells, likely a response to the imbalance in intracellular labile Cu trafficking. Subcellular analysis revealed that Cu toxicity induced extensive mitochondrial dysfunction and impacted the biogenesis and assembly of the respiratory chain complex in acidic algal cells. Concurrently, we proposed that the activation of polyP synthesis could potentially regulate disrupted intracellular labile Cu trafficking. Our study offers an intuitive, multilevel perspective on the origins and impacts of Cu toxicity in living organisms, providing valuable insights on metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxi Deng
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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2
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Maldonado M. Plant supercomplex I + III2 structure and function: implications for the growing field. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1647-1659. [PMID: 39177070 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration is major source of chemical energy for all free-living eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of the respiratory complexes and supercomplexes remain poorly understood. Here, I review recent structural and functional investigations of plant supercomplex I + III2 from Arabidopsis thaliana and Vigna radiata. I discuss commonalities, open questions and implications for complex I, complex III2 and supercomplexes in plants and non-plants. Studies across further clades will enhance our understanding of respiration and the potential universal mechanisms of its complexes and supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maldonado
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, U.S.A
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3
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Grba DN, Wright JJ, Yin Z, Fisher W, Hirst J. Molecular mechanism of the ischemia-induced regulatory switch in mammalian complex I. Science 2024; 384:1247-1253. [PMID: 38870289 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory complex I is an efficient driver for oxidative phosphorylation in mammalian mitochondria, but its uncontrolled catalysis under challenging conditions leads to oxidative stress and cellular damage. Ischemic conditions switch complex I from rapid, reversible catalysis into a dormant state that protects upon reoxygenation, but the molecular basis for the switch is unknown. We combined precise biochemical definition of complex I catalysis with high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures in the phospholipid bilayer of coupled vesicles to reveal the mechanism of the transition into the dormant state, modulated by membrane interactions. By implementing a versatile membrane system to unite structure and function, attributing catalytic and regulatory properties to specific structural states, we define how a conformational switch in complex I controls its physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Judy Hirst
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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4
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Chinopoulos C. Complex I activity in hypoxia: implications for oncometabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:529-538. [PMID: 38526218 PMCID: PMC11088919 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Certain cancer cells within solid tumors experience hypoxia, rendering them incapable of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Despite this oxygen deficiency, these cells exhibit biochemical pathway activity that relies on NAD+. This mini-review scrutinizes the persistent, residual Complex I activity that oxidizes NADH in the absence of oxygen as the electron acceptor. The resulting NAD+ assumes a pivotal role in fueling the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, a critical component in the oxidative decarboxylation branch of glutaminolysis - a hallmark oncometabolic pathway. The proposition is that through glutamine catabolism, high-energy phosphate intermediates are produced via substrate-level phosphorylation in the mitochondrial matrix substantiated by succinyl-CoA ligase, partially compensating for an OXPHOS deficiency. These insights provide a rationale for exploring Complex I inhibitors in cancer treatment, even when OXPHOS functionality is already compromised.
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5
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Djurabekova A, Lasham J, Zdorevskyi O, Zickermann V, Sharma V. Long-range electron proton coupling in respiratory complex I - insights from molecular simulations of the quinone chamber and antiporter-like subunits. Biochem J 2024; 481:499-514. [PMID: 38572757 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20240009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory complex I is a redox-driven proton pump. Several high-resolution structures of complex I have been determined providing important information about the putative proton transfer paths and conformational transitions that may occur during catalysis. However, how redox energy is coupled to the pumping of protons remains unclear. In this article, we review biochemical, structural and molecular simulation data on complex I and discuss several coupling models, including the key unresolved mechanistic questions. Focusing both on the quinone-reductase domain as well as the proton-pumping membrane-bound domain of complex I, we discuss a molecular mechanism of proton pumping that satisfies most experimental and theoretical constraints. We suggest that protonation reactions play an important role not only in catalysis, but also in the physiologically-relevant active/deactive transition of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Lasham
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Volker Zickermann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Ravasz D, Bui D, Nazarian S, Pallag G, Karnok N, Roberts J, Marzullo BP, Tennant DA, Greenwood B, Kitayev A, Hill C, Komlódi T, Doerrier C, Cunatova K, Fernandez-Vizarra E, Gnaiger E, Kiebish MA, Raska A, Kolev K, Czumbel B, Narain NR, Seyfried TN, Chinopoulos C. Residual Complex I activity and amphidirectional Complex II operation support glutamate catabolism through mtSLP in anoxia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1729. [PMID: 38242919 PMCID: PMC10798963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anoxia halts oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) causing an accumulation of reduced compounds in the mitochondrial matrix which impedes dehydrogenases. By simultaneously measuring oxygen concentration, NADH autofluorescence, mitochondrial membrane potential and ubiquinone reduction extent in isolated mitochondria in real-time, we demonstrate that Complex I utilized endogenous quinones to oxidize NADH under acute anoxia. 13C metabolic tracing or untargeted analysis of metabolites extracted during anoxia in the presence or absence of site-specific inhibitors of the electron transfer system showed that NAD+ regenerated by Complex I is reduced by the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase Complex yielding succinyl-CoA supporting mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation (mtSLP), releasing succinate. Complex II operated amphidirectionally during the anoxic event, providing quinones to Complex I and reducing fumarate to succinate. Our results highlight the importance of quinone provision to Complex I oxidizing NADH maintaining glutamate catabolism and mtSLP in the absence of OXPHOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Ravasz
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - David Bui
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Sara Nazarian
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Gergely Pallag
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Noemi Karnok
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Jennie Roberts
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Bryan P Marzullo
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | | | | | - Timea Komlódi
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- Oroboros Instruments, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Kristyna Cunatova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra Raska
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Krasimir Kolev
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Bence Czumbel
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Thomas N Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Boston, MA, 02467, USA
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7
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Bennett NK, Lee M, Orr AL, Nakamura K. Systems-level analyses dissociate genetic regulators of reactive oxygen species and energy production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307904121. [PMID: 38207075 PMCID: PMC10801874 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307904121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory chain dysfunction can decrease ATP and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Despite the importance of these metabolic parameters to a wide range of cellular functions and disease, we lack an integrated understanding of how they are differentially regulated. To address this question, we adapted a CRISPRi- and FACS-based platform to compare the effects of respiratory gene knockdown on ROS to their effects on ATP. Focusing on genes whose knockdown is known to decrease mitochondria-derived ATP, we showed that knockdown of genes in specific respiratory chain complexes (I, III, and CoQ10 biosynthesis) increased ROS, whereas knockdown of other low ATP hits either had no impact (mitochondrial ribosomal proteins) or actually decreased ROS (complex IV). Moreover, although shifting metabolic conditions profoundly altered mitochondria-derived ATP levels, it had little impact on mitochondrial or cytosolic ROS. In addition, knockdown of a subset of complex I subunits-including NDUFA8, NDUFB4, and NDUFS8-decreased complex I activity, mitochondria-derived ATP, and supercomplex level, but knockdown of these genes had differential effects on ROS. Conversely, we found an essential role for ether lipids in the dynamic regulation of mitochondrial ROS levels independent of ATP. Thus, our results identify specific metabolic regulators of cellular ATP and ROS balance that may help dissect the roles of these processes in disease and identify therapeutic strategies to independently target energy failure and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K. Bennett
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Megan Lee
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Adam L. Orr
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
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8
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Okoye CN, Koren SA, Wojtovich AP. Mitochondrial complex I ROS production and redox signaling in hypoxia. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102926. [PMID: 37871533 PMCID: PMC10598411 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are a main source of cellular energy. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the major process of aerobic respiration. Enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC) pump protons to generate a protonmotive force (Δp) that drives OXPHOS. Complex I is an electron entry point into the ETC. Complex I oxidizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and transfers electrons to ubiquinone in a reaction coupled with proton pumping. Complex I also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) under various conditions. The enzymatic activities of complex I can be regulated by metabolic conditions and serves as a regulatory node of the ETC. Complex I ROS plays diverse roles in cell metabolism ranging from physiologic to pathologic conditions. Progress in our understanding indicates that ROS release from complex I serves important signaling functions. Increasing evidence suggests that complex I ROS is important in signaling a mismatch in energy production and demand. In this article, we review the role of ROS from complex I in sensing acute hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Shon A Koren
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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9
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Bennett NK, Lee M, Orr AL, Nakamura K. Systems-level analyses dissociate genetic regulators of reactive oxygen species and energy production. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.14.562276. [PMID: 37904938 PMCID: PMC10614765 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.14.562276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory chain dysfunction can decrease ATP and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Despite the importance of these metabolic parameters to a wide range of cellular functions and disease, we lack an integrated understanding of how they are differentially regulated. To address this question, we adapted a CRISPRi- and FACS- based platform to compare the effects of respiratory gene knockdown on ROS to their effects on ATP. Focusing on genes whose knockdown is known to decrease mitochondria-derived ATP, we showed that knockdown of genes in specific respiratory chain complexes (I, III and CoQ10 biosynthesis) increased ROS, whereas knockdown of other low ATP hits either had no impact (mitochondrial ribosomal proteins) or actually decreased ROS (complex IV). Moreover, although shifting metabolic conditions profoundly altered mitochondria-derived ATP levels, it had little impact on mitochondrial or cytosolic ROS. In addition, knockdown of a subset of complex I subunits-including NDUFA8, NDUFB4, and NDUFS8-decreased complex I activity, mitochondria-derived ATP and supercomplex level, but knockdown of these genes had differential effects on ROS. Conversely, we found an essential role for ether lipids in the dynamic regulation of mitochondrial ROS levels independent of ATP. Thus, our results identify specific metabolic regulators of cellular ATP and ROS balance that may help dissect the roles of these processes in disease and identify therapeutic strategies to independently target energy failure and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K. Bennett
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Megan Lee
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - Adam L. Orr
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
- Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
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10
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Prag HA, Murphy MP, Krieg T. Preventing mitochondrial reverse electron transport as a strategy for cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:34. [PMID: 37639068 PMCID: PMC10462584 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In the context of myocardial infarction, the burst of superoxide generated by reverse electron transport (RET) at complex I in mitochondria is a crucial trigger for damage during ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here we outline the necessary conditions for superoxide production by RET at complex I and how it can occur during reperfusion. In addition, we explore various pathways that are implicated in generating the conditions for RET to occur and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to target RET, aiming to achieve cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran A Prag
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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11
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Yin Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Yuan C, Tian Y. Mitochondria of Live Mizuhopecten yessoensis Scallops Can Sensitively Respond to Quality Changes during Dry/Reimmersed Storage as Determined by TMT-Labeled Proteomic Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12609-12617. [PMID: 37566884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Dry/reimmersed storage is often used in the transportation of live scallops. In this study, tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled protein omics were used to quantitatively analyze the protein changes in scallops during dry/reimmersed stress. The results showed that during dry storage, scallops maintained cellular redox homeostasis through the upregulation of SCO1-like protein and thioredoxin domain-containing protein and reduced organic acids from the ATP synthetic process by the downregulation of NADH dehydrogenase, thereby reducing the damage caused during dry storage. During reimmersed storage, mitochondrial proteins underwent very sensitive changes. By upregulating aerobic respiration-related proteins (including proteins involved in glucose phosphate metabolism, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate metabolism, etc.), the ATP synthesis ability was improved. However, the damage to the mitochondrial structure by dry storage could not be completely recovered, even by reimmersion. This included some apoptosis-related proteins that were obviously upregulated. In summary, compared with ATP-related indexes, mitochondria can respond more sensitively to dry storage stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhuan Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaxuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunhong Yuan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-88550, Japan
| | - Yuanyong Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
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12
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Kim H, Saura P, Pöverlein MC, Gamiz-Hernandez AP, Kaila VRI. Quinone Catalysis Modulates Proton Transfer Reactions in the Membrane Domain of Respiratory Complex I. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17075-17086. [PMID: 37490414 PMCID: PMC10416309 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Complex I is a redox-driven proton pump that drives electron transport chains and powers oxidative phosphorylation across all domains of life. Yet, despite recently resolved structures from multiple organisms, it still remains unclear how the redox reactions in Complex I trigger proton pumping up to 200 Å away from the active site. Here, we show that the proton-coupled electron transfer reactions during quinone reduction drive long-range conformational changes of conserved loops and trans-membrane (TM) helices in the membrane domain of Complex I from Yarrowia lipolytica. We find that the conformational switching triggers a π → α transition in a TM helix (TM3ND6) and establishes a proton pathway between the quinone chamber and the antiporter-like subunits, responsible for proton pumping. Our large-scale (>20 μs) atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in combination with quantum/classical (QM/MM) free energy calculations show that the helix transition controls the barrier for proton transfer reactions by wetting transitions and electrostatic effects. The conformational switching is enabled by re-arrangements of ion pairs that propagate from the quinone binding site to the membrane domain via an extended network of conserved residues. We find that these redox-driven changes create a conserved coupling network within the Complex I superfamily, with point mutations leading to drastic activity changes and mitochondrial disorders. On a general level, our findings illustrate how catalysis controls large-scale protein conformational changes and enables ion transport across biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Patricia Saura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | | | - Ana P. Gamiz-Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Ville R. I. Kaila
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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13
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Everett KD, Swain L, Reyelt L, Majumdar M, Qiao X, Bhave S, Warner M, Mahmoudi E, Chin MT, Awata J, Kapur NK. Transvalvular Unloading Mitigates Ventricular Injury Due to Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Acute Myocardial Infarction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:769-780. [PMID: 37547066 PMCID: PMC10401286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with Impella, known as EC-Pella, limits cardiac damage in acute myocardial infarction remains unknown. The authors now report that the combination of transvalvular unloading and ECMO (EC-Pella) initiated before reperfusion reduced infarct size compared with ECMO alone before reperfusion in a preclinical model of acute myocardial infarction. EC-Pella also reduced left ventricular pressure-volume area when transvalvular unloading was applied before, not after, activation of ECMO. The authors further observed that EC-Pella increased cardioprotective signaling but failed to rescue mitochondrial dysfunction compared with ECMO alone. These findings suggest that ECMO can increase infarct size in acute myocardial infarction and that EC-Pella can mitigate this effect but also suggest that left ventricular unloading and myocardial salvage may be uncoupled in the presence of ECMO in acute myocardial infarction. These observations implicate mechanisms beyond hemodynamic load as part of the injury cascade associated with ECMO in acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Navin K. Kapur
- Address for correspondence: Dr Navin K. Kapur, CardioVascular Center and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box #80, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. @NavinKapur4
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14
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Oronsky B, Takahashi L, Gordon R, Cabrales P, Caroen S, Reid T. RRx-001: a chimeric triple action NLRP3 inhibitor, Nrf2 inducer, and nitric oxide superagonist. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1204143. [PMID: 37313460 PMCID: PMC10258348 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1204143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RRx-001 is a shape shifting small molecule with Fast Track designation for the prevention/amelioration of chemoradiation-induced severe oral mucositis (SOM) in newly diagnosed Head and Neck cancer. It has been intentionally developed or "engineered" as a chimeric single molecular entity that targets multiple redox-based mechanisms. Like an antibody drug conjugate (ADC), RRx-001 contains, at one end a "targeting" moiety, which binds to the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibits it as well as Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), the negative regulator of Nrf2, and, at the other end, a conformationally constrained, dinitro containing 4 membered ring, which fragments under conditions of hypoxia and reduction to release therapeutically active metabolites i.e., the payload. This "payload", which is delivered specifically to hypoperfused and inflamed areas, includes nitric oxide, nitric oxide related species and carbon-centered radicals. As observed with ADCs, RRx-001 contains a backbone amide "linker" attached to a binding site, which correlates with the Fab region of an antibody, and to the dinitroazetidine payload, which is microenvironmentally activated. However, unlike ADCs, whose large size impacts their pharmacokinetic properties, RRx-001 is a nonpolar small molecule that easily crosses cell membranes and the blood brain barrier (BBB) and distributes systemically. This short review is organized around the de novo design and in vivo pro-oxidant/pro-inflammatory and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activity of RRx-001, which, in turn, depends on the reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio and the oxygenation status of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Oronsky
- Drug Development, EpicentRx, Torrey Pines, CA, United States
| | - Lori Takahashi
- Drug Development, EpicentRx, Torrey Pines, CA, United States
| | - Richard Gordon
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Scott Caroen
- Drug Development, EpicentRx, Torrey Pines, CA, United States
| | - Tony Reid
- Drug Development, EpicentRx, Torrey Pines, CA, United States
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15
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Abstract
We present a brief review of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with emphasis on complexes I, III and IV, which contribute to the generation of protonmotive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and drive the synthesis of ATP by the process called oxidative phosphorylation. The basic structural and functional details of these complexes are discussed. In addition, we briefly review the information on the so-called supercomplexes, aggregates of complexes I-IV, and summarize basic physiological aspects of cell respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten Wikström
- HiLife Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Biocenter, Viikinkaari, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Cristina Pecorilla
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vivek Sharma
- HiLife Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Biocenter, Viikinkaari, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Liang Y, Plourde A, Bueler SA, Liu J, Brzezinski P, Vahidi S, Rubinstein JL. Structure of mycobacterial respiratory complex I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214949120. [PMID: 36952383 PMCID: PMC10068793 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214949120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation, the combined activity of the electron transport chain (ETC) and adenosine triphosphate synthase, has emerged as a valuable target for the treatment of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. The mycobacterial ETC is highly branched with multiple dehydrogenases transferring electrons to a membrane-bound pool of menaquinone and multiple oxidases transferring electrons from the pool. The proton-pumping type I nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase (Complex I) is found in low abundance in the plasma membranes of mycobacteria in typical in vitro culture conditions and is often considered dispensable. We found that growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis in carbon-limited conditions greatly increased the abundance of Complex I and allowed isolation of a rotenone-sensitive preparation of the enzyme. Determination of the structure of the complex by cryoEM revealed the "orphan" two-component response regulator protein MSMEG_2064 as a subunit of the assembly. MSMEG_2064 in the complex occupies a site similar to the proposed redox-sensing subunit NDUFA9 in eukaryotic Complex I. An apparent purine nucleoside triphosphate within the NuoG subunit resembles the GTP-derived molybdenum cofactor in homologous formate dehydrogenase enzymes. The membrane region of the complex binds acyl phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, a characteristic three-tailed lipid from the mycobacterial membrane. The structure also shows menaquinone, which is preferentially used over ubiquinone by gram-positive bacteria, in two different positions along the quinone channel, comparable to ubiquinone in other structures and suggesting a conserved quinone binding mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Liang
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, TorontoM5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, TorontoM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alicia Plourde
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, TorontoN1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Bueler
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, TorontoM5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, TorontoM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter Brzezinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siavash Vahidi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, TorontoN1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John L. Rubinstein
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, TorontoM5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, TorontoM5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, TorontoM5G 1L7, Canada
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17
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Xiao B, Li D, Liao B, Zheng H, Yang X, Xie Y, Xie Z, Li C. Effects of microplastic combined with Cr(III) on apoptosis and energy pathway of coral endosymbiont. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39750-39763. [PMID: 36602726 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of polyethylene (PE) microplastics and chromium (Cr(III)) on the scleractinian coral Acropora pruinosa (A. pruinosa) was investigated. The endpoints analysed in this study included the endosymbiont density, the chlorophyll a + c content, and the activity of enzymes involved in apoptosis (caspase-1, caspase-3), glycolysis (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), the pentose phosphate pathway (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH) and electron transfer coenzyme (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+/NADH). During the 7-day exposure to PE and Cr(III) stress, the endosymbiont density and chlorophyll content decreased gradually. The caspase-1 and caspase-3 activities increased in the high-concentration Cr(III) exposure group. Furthermore, the LDH and G6PDH activities decreased significantly, and the NAD+/NADH was decreased significantly. In summary, the results showed that PE and Cr(III) stress inhibited the endosymbiont energy metabolism enzymes and further led to endosymbiont apoptosis in coral. In addition, under exposure to the combination of stressors, when the concentration of Cr(III) remained at 1 × 10-2 mg/L, the toxic effects of heavy metals on the endosymbiont were temporarily relieved with elevated PE concentrations. In contrast, when coral polyps were exposed to 5 mg/L PE and increasing Cr(III) concentrations, their metabolic activities were seriously disturbed, which increased the burden of energy consumption. In the short term, the toxic effect of Cr(III) was more obvious than that of PE because Cr(III) exposure leads to endosymbiont apoptosis and irreversible damage. This is the first study to provide insights into the combined effect of microplastic and Cr(III) stress on the apoptosis and energy pathways of coral endosymbionts. This study suggested that microplastics combined with Cr(III) are an important factor affecting the apoptosis and energy metabolism of endosymbionts, accelerating the collapse of the balance between the coral host and symbiotic endosymbiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Xiao
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolin Liao
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huina Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Xie
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Xie
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Bridges HR, Blaza JN, Yin Z, Chung I, Pollak MN, Hirst J. Structural basis of mammalian respiratory complex I inhibition by medicinal biguanides. Science 2023; 379:351-357. [PMID: 36701435 PMCID: PMC7614227 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mode of action of biguanides, including the drug metformin, which is widely used in the treatment of diabetes, is incompletely characterized. Here, we define the inhibitory drug-target interaction(s) of a model biguanide with mammalian respiratory complex I by combining cryo-electron microscopy and enzyme kinetics. We interpret these data to explain the selectivity of biguanide binding to different enzyme states. The primary inhibitory site is in an amphipathic region of the quinone-binding channel, and an additional binding site is in a pocket on the intermembrane-space side of the enzyme. An independent local chaotropic interaction, not previously described for any drug, displaces a portion of a key helix in the membrane domain. Our data provide a structural basis for biguanide action and enable the rational design of medicinal biguanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Bridges
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK,Authors for correspondence: and
| | - James N. Blaza
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK,Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Zhan Yin
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Injae Chung
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael N. Pollak
- Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital and Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Judy Hirst
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK,Authors for correspondence: and
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19
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Agip ANA, Chung I, Sanchez-Martinez A, Whitworth AJ, Hirst J. Cryo-EM structures of mitochondrial respiratory complex I from Drosophila melanogaster. eLife 2023; 12:e84424. [PMID: 36622099 PMCID: PMC9977279 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory complex I powers ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation, exploiting the energy from NADH oxidation by ubiquinone to drive protons across an energy-transducing membrane. Drosophila melanogaster is a candidate model organism for complex I due to its high evolutionary conservation with the mammalian enzyme, well-developed genetic toolkit, and complex physiology for studies in specific cell types and tissues. Here, we isolate complex I from Drosophila and determine its structure, revealing a 43-subunit assembly with high structural homology to its 45-subunit mammalian counterpart, including a hitherto unknown homologue to subunit NDUFA3. The major conformational state of the Drosophila enzyme is the mammalian-type 'ready-to-go' active resting state, with a fully ordered and enclosed ubiquinone-binding site, but a subtly altered global conformation related to changes in subunit ND6. The mammalian-type 'deactive' pronounced resting state is not observed: in two minor states, the ubiquinone-binding site is unchanged, but a deactive-type π-bulge is present in ND6-TMH3. Our detailed structural knowledge of Drosophila complex I provides a foundation for new approaches to disentangle mechanisms of complex I catalysis and regulation in bioenergetics and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed-Noor A Agip
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Injae Chung
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Martinez
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Judy Hirst
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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20
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Maldonado M, Fan Z, Abe KM, Letts JA. Plant-specific features of respiratory supercomplex I + III 2 from Vigna radiata. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:157-168. [PMID: 36581760 PMCID: PMC9873571 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The last steps of cellular respiration-an essential metabolic process in plants-are carried out by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This process involves a chain of multi-subunit membrane protein complexes (complexes I-V) that form higher-order assemblies called supercomplexes. Although supercomplexes are the most physiologically relevant form of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes, their functions and structures remain mostly unknown. Here we present the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of the supercomplex I + III2 from Vigna radiata (mung bean). The structure contains the full subunit complement of complex I, including a newly assigned, plant-specific subunit. It also shows differences in the mitochondrial processing peptidase domain of complex III2 relative to a previously determined supercomplex with complex IV. The supercomplex interface, while reminiscent of that in other organisms, is plant specific, with a major interface involving complex III2's mitochondrial processing peptidase domain and no participation of complex I's bridge domain. The complex I structure suggests that the bridge domain sets the angle between the enzyme's two arms, limiting large-scale conformational changes. Moreover, complex I's catalytic loops and its response in active-to-deactive assays suggest that, in V. radiata, the resting complex adopts a non-canonical state and can sample deactive- or open-like conformations even in the presence of substrate. This study widens our understanding of the possible conformations and behaviour of complex I and supercomplex I + III2. Further studies of complex I and its supercomplexes in diverse organisms are needed to determine the universal and clade-specific mechanisms of respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maldonado
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Z Fan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K M Abe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J A Letts
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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21
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Cormier SB, Léger A, Boudreau LH, Pichaud N. Overwintering in North American domesticated honeybees (Apis mellifera) causes mitochondrial reprogramming while enhancing cellular immunity. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276355. [PMID: 35938391 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many factors negatively impact domesticated honeybee (Apis mellifera) health causing a global decrease in their population year after year with major losses occurring during winter, and the cause remains thus far unknown. Here, we monitored for 12 months North American colonies of honeybees enduring important temperature variations throughout the year, to assess the metabolism and immune system of honeybees of summer and winter individuals. Our results show that in flight muscle, mitochondrial respiration via complex I during winter is drastically reduced compared to summer. However, the capacity for succinate and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) oxidation by mitochondria is increased during winter, resulting in higher mitochondrial oxygen consumption when complex I substrates, succinate and G3P were assessed altogether. Pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase tend to have reduced activity levels in winter unlike hexokinase, NADH dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Transcript abundance of highly important immunity proteins like Vitellogenin and Defensin-1 were also increased in winter bees, and a stronger phagocytic response as well as a better hemocyte viability was observed during winter. Thus, a reorganization of substrate utilization favoring succinate and G3P while negatively affecting complex I of the ETS is occurring during winter. We suggest that this might be due to complex I transitioning to a dormant conformation through post-translational modification. Winter bees also have an increased response for antibacterial elimination in honeybees. Overall, this study highlights previously unknown cellular mechanisms between summer and winter honeybees that further our knowledge about this important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Cormier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, E1C8X3, Canada
| | - Adèle Léger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, E1C8X3, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, E1C8X3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, E1C8X3, Canada
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22
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Effect of metformin on intact mitochondria from liver and brain: Concept revisited. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Meyer EH, Letts JA, Maldonado M. Structural insights into the assembly and the function of the plant oxidative phosphorylation system. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1315-1329. [PMID: 35588181 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the key functions of mitochondria is the production of ATP to support cellular metabolism and growth. The last step of mitochondrial ATP synthesis is performed by the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, an ensemble of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In the last 25 yr, many structures of OXPHOS complexes and supercomplexes have been resolved in yeast, mammals, and bacteria. However, structures of plant OXPHOS enzymes only became available very recently. In this review, we highlight the plant-specific features revealed by the recent structures and discuss how they advance our understanding of the function and assembly of plant OXPHOS complexes. We also propose new hypotheses to be tested and discuss older findings to be re-evaluated. Further biochemical and structural work on the plant OXPHOS system will lead to a deeper understanding of plant respiration and its regulation, with significant agricultural, environmental, and societal implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne H Meyer
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - James A Letts
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Maria Maldonado
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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24
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Paradis M, Kucharowski N, Edwards Faret G, Maya Palacios SJ, Meyer C, Stümpges B, Jamitzky I, Kalinowski J, Thiele C, Bauer R, Paululat A, Sellin J, Bülow MH. The ER protein Creld regulates ER-mitochondria contact dynamics and respiratory complex 1 activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0155. [PMID: 35867795 PMCID: PMC9307246 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic contacts are formed between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria that enable the exchange of calcium and phospholipids. Disturbed contacts between ER and mitochondria impair mitochondrial dynamics and are a molecular hallmark of Parkinson's disease, which is also characterized by impaired complex I activity and dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Here, we analyzed the role of cysteine-rich with EGF-like domain (Creld), a poorly characterized risk gene for Parkinson's disease, in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and function. We found that loss of Creld leads to mitochondrial hyperfusion and reduced ROS signaling in Drosophila melanogaster, Xenopus tropicalis, and human cells. Creld fly mutants show differences in ER-mitochondria contacts and reduced respiratory complex I activity. The resulting low-hydrogen peroxide levels are linked to disturbed neuronal activity and lead to impaired locomotion, but not neurodegeneration, in Creld mutants. We conclude that Creld regulates ER-mitochondria communication and thereby hydrogen peroxide formation, which is required for normal neuron function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Paradis
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Kucharowski
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriela Edwards Faret
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christian Meyer
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Birgit Stümpges
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabell Jamitzky
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Kalinowski
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Julia Sellin
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Digitalization and General Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen
| | - Margret Helene Bülow
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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25
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Cryo-EM structures define ubiquinone-10 binding to mitochondrial complex I and conformational transitions accompanying Q-site occupancy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2758. [PMID: 35589726 PMCID: PMC9120487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I is a central metabolic enzyme that uses the reducing potential of NADH to reduce ubiquinone-10 (Q10) and drive four protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, powering oxidative phosphorylation. Although many complex I structures are now available, the mechanisms of Q10 reduction and energy transduction remain controversial. Here, we reconstitute mammalian complex I into phospholipid nanodiscs with exogenous Q10. Using cryo-EM, we reveal a Q10 molecule occupying the full length of the Q-binding site in the 'active' (ready-to-go) resting state together with a matching substrate-free structure, and apply molecular dynamics simulations to propose how the charge states of key residues influence the Q10 binding pose. By comparing ligand-bound and ligand-free forms of the 'deactive' resting state (that require reactivating to catalyse), we begin to define how substrate binding restructures the deactive Q-binding site, providing insights into its physiological and mechanistic relevance.
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26
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Burger N, James AM, Mulvey JF, Hoogewijs K, Ding S, Fearnley IM, Loureiro-López M, Norman AAI, Arndt S, Mottahedin A, Sauchanka O, Hartley RC, Krieg T, Murphy MP. ND3 Cys39 in complex I is exposed during mitochondrial respiration. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:636-649.e14. [PMID: 34739852 PMCID: PMC9076552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian complex I can adopt catalytically active (A-) or deactive (D-) states. A defining feature of the reversible transition between these two defined states is thought to be exposure of the ND3 subunit Cys39 residue in the D-state and its occlusion in the A-state. As the catalytic A/D transition is important in health and disease, we set out to quantify it by measuring Cys39 exposure using isotopic labeling and mass spectrometry, in parallel with complex I NADH/CoQ oxidoreductase activity. To our surprise, we found significant Cys39 exposure during NADH/CoQ oxidoreductase activity. Furthermore, this activity was unaffected if Cys39 alkylation occurred during complex I-linked respiration. In contrast, alkylation of catalytically inactive complex I irreversibly blocked the reactivation of NADH/CoQ oxidoreductase activity by NADH. Thus, Cys39 of ND3 is exposed in complex I during mitochondrial respiration, with significant implications for our understanding of the A/D transition and the mechanism of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Burger
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - John F Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kurt Hoogewijs
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; The Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Medical Research Council-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Shujing Ding
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Marta Loureiro-López
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Sabine Arndt
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Amin Mottahedin
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olga Sauchanka
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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27
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Wright JJ, Biner O, Chung I, Burger N, Bridges HR, Hirst J. Reverse Electron Transfer by Respiratory Complex I Catalyzed in a Modular Proteoliposome System. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6791-6801. [PMID: 35380814 PMCID: PMC9026280 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory complex I is an essential metabolic enzyme that uses the energy from NADH oxidation and ubiquinone reduction to translocate protons across an energy transducing membrane and generate the proton motive force for ATP synthesis. Under specific conditions, complex I can also catalyze the reverse reaction, Δp-linked oxidation of ubiquinol to reduce NAD+ (or O2), known as reverse electron transfer (RET). Oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species generated during RET underpins ischemia reperfusion injury, but as RET relies on several converging metabolic pathways, little is known about its mechanism or regulation. Here, we demonstrate Δp-linked RET through complex I in a synthetic proteoliposome system for the first time, enabling complete kinetic characterization of RET catalysis. We further establish the capability of our system by showing how RET in the mammalian enzyme is regulated by the active-deactive transition and by evaluating RET by complex I from several species in which direct assessment has not been otherwise possible. We thus provide new insights into the reversibility of complex I catalysis, an important but little understood mechanistic and physiological feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Wright
- Medical Research Council
Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, U.K.
| | | | - Injae Chung
- Medical Research Council
Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, U.K.
| | | | - Hannah R. Bridges
- Medical Research Council
Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, U.K.
| | - Judy Hirst
- Medical Research Council
Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, U.K.
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Curtabbi A, Enríquez JA. The ins and outs of the flavin mononucleotide cofactor of respiratory complex I. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:629-644. [PMID: 35166025 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor of respiratory complex I occupies a key position in the electron transport chain. Here, the electrons coming from NADH start the sequence of oxidoreduction reactions, which drives the generation of the proton-motive force necessary for ATP synthesis. The overall architecture and the general catalytic proprieties of the FMN site are mostly well established. However, several aspects regarding the complex I flavin cofactor are still unknown. For example, the flavin binding to the N-module, the NADH-oxidizing portion of complex I, lacks a molecular description. The dissociation of FMN from the enzyme is beginning to emerge as an important regulatory mechanism of complex I activity and ROS production. Finally, how mitochondria import and metabolize FMN is still uncertain. This review summarizes the current knowledge on complex I flavin cofactor and discusses the open questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Curtabbi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Juhász L, Tallósy SP, Nászai A, Varga G, Érces D, Boros M. Bioactivity of Inhaled Methane and Interactions With Other Biological Gases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:824749. [PMID: 35071248 PMCID: PMC8777024 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.824749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated explicit bioactivity for exogenous methane (CH4), even though it is conventionally considered as physiologically inert. Other reports cited in this review have demonstrated that inhaled, normoxic air-CH4 mixtures can modulate the in vivo pathways involved in oxidative and nitrosative stress responses and key events of mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis. The overview is divided into two parts, the first being devoted to a brief review of the effects of biologically important gases in the context of hypoxia, while the second part deals with CH4 bioactivity. Finally, the consequence of exogenous, normoxic CH4 administration is discussed under experimental hypoxia- or ischaemia-linked conditions and in interactions between CH4 and other biological gases, with a special emphasis on its versatile effects demonstrated in pulmonary pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Juhász
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Péter Tallósy
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Nászai
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Varga
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Érces
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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30
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Chen CL, Zhang L, Jin Z, Kasumov T, Chen YR. Mitochondrial redox regulation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C12-C23. [PMID: 34757853 PMCID: PMC8721908 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00131.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as an important mechanism of disease and redox signaling in the cellular system. Under basal or pathological conditions, electron leakage for ROS production is primarily mediated by complexes I and III of the electron transport chain (ETC) and by the proton motive force (PMF), consisting of a membrane potential (ΔΨ) and a proton gradient (ΔpH). Several factors control redox status in mitochondria, including ROS, the PMF, oxidative posttranslational modifications (OPTM) of the ETC subunits, SOD2, and cytochrome c heme lyase (HCCS). In the mitochondrial PMF, increased ΔpH-supported backpressure due to diminishing electron transport and chemiosmosis promotes a more reductive mitochondrial physiological setting. OPTM by protein cysteine sulfonation in complex I and complex III has been shown to affect enzymatic catalysis, the proton gradient, redox status, and enzyme-mediated ROS production. Pathological conditions associated with oxidative or nitrosative stress, such as myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), increase mitochondrial ROS production and redox dysfunction via oxidative injury to complexes I and III, intensely enhancing protein cysteine sulfonation and impairing heme integrity. The physiological conditions of reductive stress induced by gains in SOD2 function normalize I/R-mediated ROS overproduction and redox dysfunction. Further insight into the cellular mechanisms by which HCCS, biogenesis of c-type cytochrome, and OPTM regulate PMF and ROS production in mitochondria will enrich our understanding of redox signal transduction and identify new therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases in which oxidative stress perturbs normal redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwen-Lih Chen
- 1Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine,
Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Liwen Zhang
- 2Campus Chemical Instrument Center, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- 4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy,
Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Yeong-Renn Chen
- 1Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine,
Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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31
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Mookerjee SA, Gerencser AA, Watson MA, Brand MD. Controlled power: how biology manages succinate-driven energy release. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2929-2939. [PMID: 34882231 PMCID: PMC8786295 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of succinate by mitochondria can generate a higher protonmotive force (pmf) than can oxidation of NADH-linked substrates. Fundamentally, this is because of differences in redox potentials and gearing. Biology adds kinetic constraints that tune the oxidation of NADH and succinate to ensure that the resulting mitochondrial pmf is suitable for meeting cellular needs without triggering pathology. Tuning within an optimal range is used, for example, to shift ATP consumption between different consumers. Conditions that overcome these constraints and allow succinate oxidation to drive pmf too high can cause pathological generation of reactive oxygen species. We discuss the thermodynamic properties that allow succinate oxidation to drive pmf higher than NADH oxidation, and discuss the evidence for kinetic tuning of ATP production and for pathologies resulting from substantial succinate oxidation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona A. Mookerjee
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, U.S.A
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Martin D. Brand
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, U.S.A
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, U.S.A
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32
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Isei MO, Chinnappareddy N, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Anoxia-reoxygenation alters H 2O 2 efflux and sensitivity of redox centers to copper in heart mitochondria. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109111. [PMID: 34146700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in organ damage caused by environmental stressors, prompting studies on the effect of oxygen deprivation and metal exposure on ROS metabolism. However, how anoxia and copper (Cu) jointly influence heart mitochondrial ROS metabolism is not understood. We used rainbow trout heart mitochondria to probe the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation and Cu on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission during oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine (PC), succinate, or glutamate-malate. In addition, we examined the influence of anoxia-reoxygenation and Cu on site-specific H2O2 emission capacities and key antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Results showed that anoxia-reoxygenation suppressed H2O2 emission regardless of substrate type or duration of anoxia. Anoxia-reoxygenation reduced mitochondrial sensitivity to Cu during oxidation of succinate or glutamate-malate whereas high Cu concentration additively stimulated H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing PC. Prolonged anoxia-reoxygenation stimulated H2O2 emission from sites OF and IF, inhibited emission from sites IQ, IIF and IIIQo, and disparately altered the sensitivity of the sites to Cu. Interestingly, anoxia-reoxygenation increased GPx and TrxR activities, more prominently when reoxygenation followed a short duration of anoxia. Cu did not alter GPx but reduced TrxR activity in normoxic and anoxic-reoxygenated mitochondria. Overall, our study revealed potential mechanisms that may reduce oxidative damage associated with anoxia-reoxygenation and Cu exposure in heart mitochondria. The increased and decreased H2O2 emission from NADH/NAD+ and QH2/Q isopotential sites, respectively, may represent a balance between H2O2 required for oxygen deprivation-induced signaling and prevention of ROS burst associated with anoxia-reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, PE, Canada
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, PE, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, PE, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, PE, Canada.
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33
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Bakare AB, Lesnefsky EJ, Iyer S. Leigh Syndrome: A Tale of Two Genomes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693734. [PMID: 34456746 PMCID: PMC8385445 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a rare, complex, and incurable early onset (typically infant or early childhood) mitochondrial disorder with both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The heterogeneous nature of this disorder, based in part on the complexity of mitochondrial genetics, and the significant interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes has made it particularly challenging to research and develop therapies. This review article discusses some of the advances that have been made in the field to date. While the prognosis is poor with no current substantial treatment options, multiple studies are underway to understand the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of Leigh syndrome. With advances in available research tools leading to a better understanding of the mitochondria in health and disease, there is hope for novel treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola B. Bakare
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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34
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Ji X, Bradley JL, Zheng G, Ge W, Xu J, Hu J, He F, Shabnam R, Peberdy MA, Ornato JP, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ, Tang W. Cerebral and myocardial mitochondrial injury differ in a rat model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111743. [PMID: 34020243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain mitochondria are more sensitive to global ischemia compared to heart mitochondria. Complex I in the electron transport chain (ETC) is sensitive to ischemic injury and is a major control point of the rate of ADP stimulated oxygen consumption. The purpose of this study was to explore whether changes in cerebral and myocardial mitochondria differ after cardiac arrest. Animals were randomized into 4 groups (n = 6): 1) Sham 2) VF 3) VF+CPR 4) ROSC 1hr. Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) was induced through a guide wire advanced from the right jugular vein into the ventricle and untreated for 8 min. Resuscitation was attempted with a 4J defibrillation after 8 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Brain mitochondria and cardiac mitochondrial subpopulations were isolated. Calcium retention capacity was measured to assess susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. ADP stimulated oxygen consumption and ETC activity assays were performed. Brain mitochondria are far more sensitive to injury during cardiac arrest and resuscitation compared to cardiac mitochondria. Complex I is highly sensitive to injury in brain mitochondria. With markedly decreased calcium retention capacity, mitochondria contribute to cerebral reperfusion injury. Therapeutic preservation of cerebral mitochondrial activity and mitochondrial function during cardiac arrest may improve post-resuscitation neurologic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfei Ji
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Bradley
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Weiwei Ge
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Jing Xu
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Juntao Hu
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Fenglian He
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | | | - Mary Ann Peberdy
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Joseph P Ornato
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA; Medical Service, McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA; McGuire Research Institute, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Wanchun Tang
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.
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35
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Kolata P, Efremov RG. Structure of Escherichia coli respiratory complex I reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs reveals an uncoupled conformation. eLife 2021; 10:e68710. [PMID: 34308841 PMCID: PMC8357420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory complex I is a multi-subunit membrane protein complex that reversibly couples NADH oxidation and ubiquinone reduction with proton translocation against transmembrane potential. Complex I from Escherichia coli is among the best functionally characterized complexes, but its structure remains unknown, hindering further studies to understand the enzyme coupling mechanism. Here, we describe the single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the entire catalytically active E. coli complex I reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs. The structure of this mesophilic bacterial complex I displays highly dynamic connection between the peripheral and membrane domains. The peripheral domain assembly is stabilized by unique terminal extensions and an insertion loop. The membrane domain structure reveals novel dynamic features. Unusual conformation of the conserved interface between the peripheral and membrane domains suggests an uncoupled conformation of the complex. Considering constraints imposed by the structural data, we suggest a new simple hypothetical coupling mechanism for the molecular machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kolata
- Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor BiotechnologieBrusselsBelgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Rouslan G Efremov
- Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor BiotechnologieBrusselsBelgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
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36
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Abstract
The electron transport chain of mitochondria is initiated by the respiratory complex I that converts chemical energy into a proton motive force to power synthesis of adenosine triphosphate. On a chemical level, complex I catalyzes elementary electron and proton transfer processes that couple across large molecular distances of >300 Å. However, under low oxygen concentrations, the respiratory chain operates in reverse mode and produces harmful reactive oxygen species. To avoid cell damage, the mitochondrial complex I transitions into a deactive state that inhibits turnover by molecular principles that remain elusive. By combining large-scale molecular simulations with cryo-electron microscopy data, we show here that complex I deactivation blocks the communication between proton pumping and redox modules by conformational and hydration changes. Cellular respiration is powered by membrane-bound redox enzymes that convert chemical energy into an electrochemical proton gradient and drive the energy metabolism. By combining large-scale classical and quantum mechanical simulations with cryo-electron microscopy data, we resolve here molecular details of conformational changes linked to proton pumping in the mammalian complex I. Our data suggest that complex I deactivation blocks water-mediated proton transfer between a membrane-bound quinone site and proton-pumping modules, decoupling the energy-transduction machinery. We identify a putative gating region at the interface between membrane domain subunits ND1 and ND3/ND4L/ND6 that modulates the proton transfer by conformational changes in transmembrane helices and bulky residues. The region is perturbed by mutations linked to human mitochondrial disorders and is suggested to also undergo conformational changes during catalysis of simpler complex I variants that lack the “active”-to-“deactive” transition. Our findings suggest that conformational changes in transmembrane helices modulate the proton transfer dynamics by wetting/dewetting transitions and provide important functional insight into the mammalian respiratory complex I.
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37
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Suzuki C, Han S, Kesavamoorthy G, Kosugi M, Araki K, Harada N, Kanazawa M, Tsukada H, Magata Y, Ouchi Y. Differences in in vitro microglial accumulation of the energy metabolism tracers [ 18F]FDG and [ 18F]BCPP-EF during LPS- and IL4 stimulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13200. [PMID: 34168190 PMCID: PMC8225620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The positron emission tomography probes 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) and 2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-{6-[2-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)-ethoxy]-pyridin-3-ylmethoxy}-2H-pyridazin-3-one ([18F]BCPP-EF) are designed to evaluate glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, respectively, and are both used to estimate neuronal activity. However, previous studies have shown a discrepancy in these probes' accumulation in the compromised region, possibly due to the presence of activated microglia acting like deleterious or neuroprotective phenotypes. Hence, we evaluated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interleukin 4 (IL4)-stimulated microglial uptake of [14C]2DG and [18F]BCPP-EF to give a new insight into the hypothesis that different uptake of [18F]FDG and [18F]BCPP-EF can be ascribed to the different metabolic pathways activated during microglial activation. LPS or IL4 stimulation increased the proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory marker gene expression in microglial cells. In LPS-stimulated cells, [14C]2DG uptake and glycolysis related gene expression were elevated, and [18F]BCPP-EF uptake was reduced. In IL4-stimulated cells, [18F]BCPP-EF uptake was increased, and [14C]2DG uptake was decreased. The expression of genes involved in glycolysis and mitochondrial complex I subunits was not changed by IL4 stimulation. The uptake of [14C]2DG and [18F]BCPP-EF differs in LPS- and IL4-stimulated polarized microglial cells. The present results suggest that the in vivo accumulation of metabolic tracers [18F]FDG and [18F]BCPP-EF can be influenced by the different aspects of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Sarina Han
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Gandhervin Kesavamoorthy
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kosugi
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kaori Araki
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Magata
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
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Cancer Cell Metabolism in Hypoxia: Role of HIF-1 as Key Regulator and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115703. [PMID: 34071836 PMCID: PMC8199012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to meet the high energy demand, a metabolic reprogramming occurs in cancer cells. Its role is crucial in promoting tumor survival. Among the substrates in demand, oxygen is fundamental for bioenergetics. Nevertheless, tumor microenvironment is frequently characterized by low-oxygen conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a pivotal modulator of the metabolic reprogramming which takes place in hypoxic cancer cells. In the hub of cellular bioenergetics, mitochondria are key players in regulating cellular energy. Therefore, a close crosstalk between mitochondria and HIF-1 underlies the metabolic and functional changes of cancer cells. Noteworthy, HIF-1 represents a promising target for novel cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between HIF-1 and energetic metabolism, with a focus on mitochondria, of hypoxic cancer cells.
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Jász DK, Szilágyi ÁL, Tuboly E, Baráth B, Márton AR, Varga P, Varga G, Érces D, Mohácsi Á, Szabó A, Bozó R, Gömöri K, Görbe A, Boros M, Hartmann P. Reduction in hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced myocardial mitochondrial damage with exogenous methane. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5113-5123. [PMID: 33942485 PMCID: PMC8178286 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Albeit previous experiments suggest potential anti‐inflammatory effect of exogenous methane (CH4) in various organs, the mechanism of its bioactivity is not entirely understood. We aimed to investigate the potential mitochondrial effects and the underlying mechanisms of CH4 in rat cardiomyocytes and mitochondria under simulated ischaemia/reperfusion (sI/R) conditions. Three‐day‐old cultured cardiomyocytes were treated with 2.2% CH4‐artificial air mixture during 2‐hour‐long reoxygenation following 4‐hour‐long anoxia (sI/R and sI/R + CH4, n = 6‐6), with normoxic groups serving as controls (SH and SH + CH4; n = 6‐6). Mitochondrial functions were investigated with high‐resolution respirometry, and mitochondrial membrane injury was detected by cytochrome c release and apoptotic characteristics by using TUNEL staining. CH4 admixture had no effect on complex II (CII)‐linked respiration under normoxia but significantly decreased the complex I (CI)‐linked oxygen consumption. Nevertheless, addition of CH4 in the sI/R + CH4 group significantly reduced the respiratory activity of CII in contrast to CI and the CH4 treatment diminished mitochondrial H2O2 production. Substrate‐induced changes to membrane potential were partially preserved by CH4, and additionally, cytochrome c release and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were reduced in the CH4‐treated group. In conclusion, the addition of CH4 decreases mitochondrial ROS generation via blockade of electron transport at CI and reduces anoxia‐reoxygenation‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte injury in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eszter Tuboly
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Baráth
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Petra Varga
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Varga
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Érces
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Mohácsi
- MTA-SZTE Research Group on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Szabó
- MTA-SZTE Research Group on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Bozó
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kamilla Gömöri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Hartmann
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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40
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Vujic A, Koo ANM, Prag HA, Krieg T. Mitochondrial redox and TCA cycle metabolite signaling in the heart. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:287-296. [PMID: 33675958 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential signaling organelles that regulate a broad range of cellular processes and thereby heart function. Multiple mechanisms participate in the communication between mitochondria and the nucleus that maintain cardiomyocyte homeostasis, including mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolic shifts in TCA cycle metabolite availability. An increased rate of ROS generation can cause irreversible damage to the cell and proposed to be a leading cause of many pathologies, including accelerated aging and heart disease. Myocardial impairments are also characterised by specific coordinated metabolic changes and dysregulated inflammatory responses. Hence, the mitochondrial respiratory chain is an important mediator between health and disease in the heart. This review will first outline the sources of ROS in the heart, mitochondrial metabolite dynamics, and provide an overview of their implications for heart disease. In addition, we will concentrate our discussion around current cardioprotective strategies relevant to mitochondrial ROS. Thorough understanding of mitochondrial signaling and the complex interplay with vital signaling pathways in the heart might allow us to develop novel therapeutic approaches to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vujic
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amy N M Koo
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hiran A Prag
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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41
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McKenna HT, O'Brien KA, Fernandez BO, Minnion M, Tod A, McNally BD, West JA, Griffin JL, Grocott MP, Mythen MG, Feelisch M, Murray AJ, Martin DS. Divergent trajectories of cellular bioenergetics, intermediary metabolism and systemic redox status in survivors and non-survivors of critical illness. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101907. [PMID: 33667994 PMCID: PMC7937570 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous pathologies result in multiple-organ failure, which is thought to be a direct consequence of compromised cellular bioenergetic status. Neither the nature of this phenotype nor its relevance to survival are well understood, limiting the efficacy of modern life-support. Methods To explore the hypothesis that survival from critical illness relates to changes in cellular bioenergetics, we combined assessment of mitochondrial respiration with metabolomic, lipidomic and redox profiling in skeletal muscle and blood, at multiple timepoints, in 21 critically ill patients and 12 reference patients. Results We demonstrate an end-organ cellular phenotype in critical illness, characterized by preserved total energetic capacity, greater coupling efficiency and selectively lower capacity for complex I and fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-supported respiration in skeletal muscle, compared to health. In survivors, complex I capacity at 48 h was 27% lower than in non-survivors (p = 0.01), but tended to increase by day 7, with no such recovery observed in non-survivors. By day 7, survivors’ FAO enzyme activity was double that of non-survivors (p = 0.048), in whom plasma triacylglycerol accumulated. Increases in both cellular oxidative stress and reductive drive were evident in early critical illness compared to health. Initially, non-survivors demonstrated greater plasma total antioxidant capacity but ultimately higher lipid peroxidation compared to survivors. These alterations were mirrored by greater levels of circulating total free thiol and nitrosated species, consistent with greater reductive stress and vascular inflammation, in non-survivors compared to survivors. In contrast, no clear differences in systemic inflammatory markers were observed between the two groups. Conclusion Critical illness is associated with rapid, specific and coordinated alterations in the cellular respiratory machinery, intermediary metabolism and redox response, with different trajectories in survivors and non-survivors. Unravelling the cellular and molecular foundation of human resilience may enable the development of more effective life-support strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen T McKenna
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, UK; Intensive Care Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, UK; Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, Derriford, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Katie A O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Adam Tod
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ben D McNally
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - James A West
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK; Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Digestion, Metabolism and Reproduction, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michael P Grocott
- Anaesthesia Perioperative and Critical Care Research Group, Southampton National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Michael G Mythen
- University College London Hospitals and Great Ormond Street, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centres, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Anaesthesia Perioperative and Critical Care Research Group, Southampton National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Daniel S Martin
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, UK; Intensive Care Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, UK; Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, Derriford, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK
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42
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Di Luca A, Kaila VRI. Molecular strain in the active/deactive-transition modulates domain coupling in respiratory complex I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148382. [PMID: 33513365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complex I functions as a primary redox-driven proton pump in aerobic respiratory chains, establishing a proton motive force that powers ATP synthesis and active transport. Recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) experiments have resolved the mammalian complex I in the biomedically relevant active (A) and deactive (D) states (Zhu et al., 2016; Fiedorczuk et al., 2016; Agip et al., 2018 [1-3]) that could regulate enzyme turnover, but it still remains unclear how the conformational state and activity are linked. We show here how global motion along the A/D transition accumulates molecular strain at specific coupling regions important for both redox chemistry and proton pumping. Our data suggest that the A/D motion modulates force propagation pathways between the substrate-binding site and the proton pumping machinery that could alter electrostatic and conformational coupling across large distances. Our findings provide a molecular basis to understand how global protein dynamics can modulate the biological activity of large molecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Luca
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ville R I Kaila
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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43
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Marin W, Marin D, Ao X, Liu Y. Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for cardiac ischemia‑reperfusion injury (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 47:485-499. [PMID: 33416090 PMCID: PMC7797474 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of cardiovascular-related mortality and chronic heart failure worldwide. As regards treatment, the reperfusion of ischemic tissue generates irreversible damage to the myocardium, which is termed 'cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury'. Due to the large number of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes, an increasing number of studies have focused on the roles of mitochondria in IR injury. The primary causes of IR injury are reduced oxidative phosphorylation during hypoxia and the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), together with the insufficient elimination of these oxidative species following reperfusion. IR injury includes the oxidation of DNA, incorrect modifications of proteins, the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane and respiratory chain, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), Ca2+ over-load, mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation, swelling of the mitochondria, and ultimately, cardiomyocyte necrosis. The present review article discusses the molecular mechanisms of IR injury, and summarizes the metabolic and dynamic changes occurring in the mitochondria in response to IR stress. The mitochondria are strongly recommended as a target for the development of therapeutic agents; however, the appropriate use of agents remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Marin
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Dennis Marin
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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44
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Palmieri EM, McGinity C, Wink DA, McVicar DW. Nitric Oxide in Macrophage Immunometabolism: Hiding in Plain Sight. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110429. [PMID: 33114647 PMCID: PMC7693038 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a soluble endogenous gas with various biological functions like signaling, and working as an effector molecule or metabolic regulator. In response to inflammatory signals, immune myeloid cells, like macrophages, increase production of cytokines and NO, which is important for pathogen killing. Under these proinflammatory circumstances, called “M1”, macrophages undergo a series of metabolic changes including rewiring of their tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Here, we review findings indicating that NO, through its interaction with heme and non-heme metal containing proteins, together with components of the electron transport chain, functions not only as a regulator of cell respiration, but also a modulator of intracellular cell metabolism. Moreover, diverse effects of NO and NO-derived reactive nitrogen species (RNS) involve precise interactions with different targets depending on concentration, temporal, and spatial restrictions. Although the role of NO in macrophage reprogramming has been in evidence for some time, current models have largely minimized its importance. It has, therefore, been hiding in plain sight. A review of the chemical properties of NO, past biochemical studies, and recent publications, necessitates that mechanisms of macrophage TCA reprogramming during stimulation must be re-imagined and re-interpreted as mechanistic results of NO exposure. The revised model of metabolic rewiring we describe here incorporates many early findings regarding NO biochemistry and brings NO out of hiding and to the forefront of macrophages immunometabolism.
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45
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Grba DN, Hirst J. Mitochondrial complex I structure reveals ordered water molecules for catalysis and proton translocation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:892-900. [PMID: 32747785 PMCID: PMC7612091 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I powers ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation, exploiting the energy from ubiquinone reduction by NADH to drive protons across the energy-transducing inner membrane. Recent cryo-EM analyses of mammalian and yeast complex I have revolutionized structural and mechanistic knowledge and defined structures in different functional states. Here, we describe a 2.7-Å-resolution structure of the 42-subunit complex I from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica containing 275 structured water molecules. We identify a proton-relay pathway for ubiquinone reduction and water molecules that connect mechanistically crucial elements and constitute proton-translocation pathways through the membrane. By comparison with known structures, we deconvolute structural changes governing the mammalian 'deactive transition' (relevant to ischemia-reperfusion injury) and their effects on the ubiquinone-binding site and a connected cavity in ND1. Our structure thus provides important insights into catalysis by this enigmatic respiratory machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Grba
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judy Hirst
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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46
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47
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Cobley JN. Mechanisms of Mitochondrial ROS Production in Assisted Reproduction: The Known, the Unknown, and the Intriguing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E933. [PMID: 33003362 PMCID: PMC7599503 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The consensus that assisted reproduction technologies (ART), like in vitro fertilization, to induce oxidative stress (i.e., the known) belies how oocyte/zygote mitochondria-a major presumptive oxidative stressor-produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) with ART being unknown. Unravelling how oocyte/zygote mitochondria produce ROS is important for disambiguating the molecular basis of ART-induced oxidative stress and, therefore, to rationally target it (e.g., using site-specific mitochondria-targeted antioxidants). I review the known mechanisms of ROS production in somatic mitochondria to critique how oocyte/zygote mitochondria may produce ROS (i.e., the unknown). Several plausible site- and mode-defined mitochondrial ROS production mechanisms in ART are proposed. For example, complex I catalyzed reverse electron transfer-mediated ROS production is conceivable when oocytes are initially extracted due to at least a 10% increase in molecular dioxygen exposure (i.e., the intriguing). To address the term oxidative stress being used without recourse to the underlying chemistry, I use the species-specific spectrum of biologically feasible reactions to define plausible oxidative stress mechanisms in ART. Intriguingly, mitochondrial ROS-derived redox signals could regulate embryonic development (i.e., their production could be beneficial). Their potential beneficial role raises the clinical challenge of attenuating oxidative damage while simultaneously preserving redox signaling. This discourse sets the stage to unravel how mitochondria produce ROS in ART, and their biological roles from oxidative damage to redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Cobley
- Redox Biology Group, Institute for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
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48
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Maldonado M, Padavannil A, Zhou L, Guo F, Letts JA. Atomic structure of a mitochondrial complex I intermediate from vascular plants. eLife 2020; 9:56664. [PMID: 32840211 PMCID: PMC7447434 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiration, an essential metabolic process, provides cells with chemical energy. In eukaryotes, respiration occurs via the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) composed of several large membrane-protein complexes. Complex I (CI) is the main entry point for electrons into the mETC. For plants, limited availability of mitochondrial material has curbed detailed biochemical and structural studies of their mETC. Here, we present the cryoEM structure of the known CI assembly intermediate CI* from Vigna radiata at 3.9 Å resolution. CI* contains CI's NADH-binding and CoQ-binding modules, the proximal-pumping module and the plant-specific γ-carbonic-anhydrase domain (γCA). Our structure reveals significant differences in core and accessory subunits of the plant complex compared to yeast, mammals and bacteria, as well as the details of the γCA domain subunit composition and membrane anchoring. The structure sheds light on differences in CI assembly across lineages and suggests potential physiological roles for CI* beyond assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maldonado
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Abhilash Padavannil
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, United States.,BIOEM Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - James A Letts
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
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49
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Na + controls hypoxic signalling by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Nature 2020; 586:287-291. [PMID: 32728214 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
All metazoans depend on the consumption of O2 by the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) to produce energy. In addition, the OXPHOS uses O2 to produce reactive oxygen species that can drive cell adaptations1-4, a phenomenon that occurs in hypoxia4-8 and whose precise mechanism remains unknown. Ca2+ is the best known ion that acts as a second messenger9, yet the role ascribed to Na+ is to serve as a mere mediator of membrane potential10. Here we show that Na+ acts as a second messenger that regulates OXPHOS function and the production of reactive oxygen species by modulating the fluidity of the inner mitochondrial membrane. A conformational shift in mitochondrial complex I during acute hypoxia11 drives acidification of the matrix and the release of free Ca2+ from calcium phosphate (CaP) precipitates. The concomitant activation of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger promotes the import of Na+ into the matrix. Na+ interacts with phospholipids, reducing inner mitochondrial membrane fluidity and the mobility of free ubiquinone between complex II and complex III, but not inside supercomplexes. As a consequence, superoxide is produced at complex III. The inhibition of Na+ import through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is sufficient to block this pathway, preventing adaptation to hypoxia. These results reveal that Na+ controls OXPHOS function and redox signalling through an unexpected interaction with phospholipids, with profound consequences for cellular metabolism.
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50
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Pendleton AL, Antolic AT, Kelly AC, Davis MA, Camacho LE, Doubleday K, Anderson MJ, Langlais PR, Lynch RM, Limesand SW. Lower oxygen consumption and Complex I activity in mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle of fetal sheep with intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E67-E80. [PMID: 32396498 PMCID: PMC7468780 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00057.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fetal sheep with placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have lower hindlimb oxygen consumption rates (OCRs), indicating depressed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in their skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that OCRs are lower in skeletal muscle mitochondria from IUGR fetuses, due to reduced electron transport chain (ETC) activity and lower abundances of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes. IUGR sheep fetuses (n = 12) were created with mid-gestation maternal hyperthermia and compared with control fetuses (n = 12). At 132 ± 1 days of gestation, biceps femoris muscles were collected, and the mitochondria were isolated. Mitochondria from IUGR muscle have 47% lower State 3 (Complex I-dependent) OCRs than controls, whereas State 4 (proton leak) OCRs were not different between groups. Furthermore, Complex I, but not Complex II or IV, enzymatic activity was lower in IUGR fetuses compared with controls. Proteomic analysis (n = 6/group) identified 160 differentially expressed proteins between groups, with 107 upregulated and 53 downregulated mitochondria proteins in IUGR fetuses compared with controls. Although no differences were identified in ETC subunit protein abundances, abundances of key TCA cycle enzymes [isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) 3 noncatalytic subunit β (IDH3B), succinate-CoA ligase ADP-forming subunit-β (SUCLA2), and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH)] were lower in IUGR mitochondria. IUGR mitochondria had a greater abundance of a hypoxia-inducible protein, NADH dehydrogenase 1α subcomplex 4-like 2, which is known to incorporate into Complex I and lower Complex I-mediated NADH oxidation. Our findings show that mitochondria from IUGR skeletal muscle adapt to hypoxemia and hypoglycemia by lowering Complex I activity and TCA cycle enzyme concentrations, which together, act to lower OCR and NADH production/oxidation in IUGR skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Pendleton
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Andrew T Antolic
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Amy C Kelly
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Melissa A Davis
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Leticia E Camacho
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kevin Doubleday
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Miranda J Anderson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Paul R Langlais
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ronald M Lynch
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sean W Limesand
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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