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Jeong M, Ju Y, Kwon H, Kim Y, Hyun KY, Choi GE. Protocatechuic Acid and Syringin from Saussurea neoserrata Nakai Attenuate Prostaglandin Production in Human Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5950-5966. [PMID: 37504292 PMCID: PMC10378452 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Saussurea neoserrata Nakai offers a reliable and efficient source of antioxidants that can help alleviate adverse skin reactions triggered by air pollutants. Air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), have the ability to infiltrate the skin and contribute to the higher occurrence of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory ailments. Individuals with compromised skin barriers are particularly susceptible to the impact of PM since it can be absorbed more readily through the skin. This study investigated the impact of protocatechuic acid and syringin, obtained from the n-BuOH extract of S. neoserrata Nakai, on the release of PGE2 and PGD2 induced by PM10. Additionally, it examined the gene expression of the synthesis of PGE2 and PGD2 in human keratinocytes. The findings of this research highlight the potential of utilizing safe and efficient plant-derived antioxidants in dermatological and cosmetic applications to mitigate the negative skin reactions caused by exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongguk Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongdon Ju
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
- Medical Science Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yae Hyun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Eun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
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Sporrij A, Choudhuri A, Prasad M, Muhire B, Fast EM, Manning ME, Weiss JD, Koh M, Yang S, Kingston RE, Tolstorukov MY, Clevers H, Zon LI. PGE 2 alters chromatin through H2A.Z-variant enhancer nucleosome modification to promote hematopoietic stem cell fate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220613120. [PMID: 37126722 PMCID: PMC10175842 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220613120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 (dmPGE2) are important regulators of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate and offer potential to enhance stem cell therapies [C. Cutler et al. Blood 122, 3074-3081(2013); W. Goessling et al. Cell Stem Cell 8, 445-458 (2011); W. Goessling et al. Cell 136, 1136-1147 (2009)]. Here, we report that PGE2-induced changes in chromatin at enhancer regions through histone-variant H2A.Z permit acute inflammatory gene induction to promote HSPC fate. We found that dmPGE2-inducible enhancers retain MNase-accessible, H2A.Z-variant nucleosomes permissive of CREB transcription factor (TF) binding. CREB binding to enhancer nucleosomes following dmPGE2 stimulation is concomitant with deposition of histone acetyltransferases p300 and Tip60 on chromatin. Subsequent H2A.Z acetylation improves chromatin accessibility at stimuli-responsive enhancers. Our findings support a model where histone-variant nucleosomes retained within inducible enhancers facilitate TF binding. Histone-variant acetylation by TF-associated nucleosome remodelers creates the accessible nucleosome landscape required for immediate enhancer activation and gene induction. Our work provides a mechanism through which inflammatory mediators, such as dmPGE2, lead to acute transcriptional changes and modify HSPC behavior to improve stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sporrij
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Avik Choudhuri
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Meera Prasad
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Brejnev Muhire
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Eva M. Fast
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Margot E. Manning
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Jodi D. Weiss
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Michelle Koh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Robert E. Kingston
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | | | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht3584 CS, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard I. Zon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- HHMI, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA02115
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA02115
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3
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Picado C, Mullol J, Roca-Ferrer J. Mechanisms by which dupilumab normalizes eicosanoid metabolism and restores aspirin-tolerance in AERD: A hypothesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:310-313. [PMID: 36126795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is associated with overproduction of proinflammatory cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), defective generation of anti-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and reduced expression of the EP2 receptor for PGE2. Reduced PGE2 synthesis results from the downregulation of inducible COX-2. Because PGE2 signaling via EP2 inhibits the 5-lipoxygenase/leukotriene C4 synthase-dependent pathway, the deficient levels of both PGE2 and EP2 likely contribute to the excessive baseline production of cysteinyl leukotrienes in patients with AERD compared with in patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma. The COX-2 pathway is regulated by an autocrine metabolic loop involving IL-1β, IL-1 receptor type I, EP2, COX-2, membrane-bound PGE2 prostaglandin E2 synthase-1, and PGE2. Previous studies reported that this metabolic loop is dysregulated in patients with AERD. When the downexpressed EP2 receptor is normalized, the entire loop returns to its normal function. Cotreatment of airway cells from healthy subjects with IL-4 and IFN-γ induces alterations in the metabolic loop similar to those seen in patients with AERD. In these patients, IL-4, which is produced in excess in airways of patients with AERD, likely contributes to the alteration of normal functioning of the autocrine metabolic loop involving IL-1β, IL-1 receptor type I, EP2, COX-2, membrane-bound PGE2 prostaglandin E2 synthase-1, and PGE2. We hypothesized that by blocking IL-4 action, dupilumab normalizes EP2 expression and restores the normal functioning of the COX-2 pathway autocrine metabolic loop, thereby normalizing the synthesis of PGE2 and restoring aspirin tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Picado
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca-Ferrer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Wach J, Güresir Á, Vatter H, Herrlinger U, Becker A, Toma M, Hölzel M, Güresir E. Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid Treatment in Non-Skull-Base Meningiomas: Impact on Tumor Proliferation and Seizure Burden. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174285. [PMID: 36077817 PMCID: PMC9454729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MIB-1 index is an important predictor of meningioma progression and was found to be correlated with COX-2 expression. However, the impact of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on MIB-1 index and clinical symptoms is unclear. Between 2009 and 2022, 710 patients with clinical data, tumor-imaging data, inflammatory laboratory (plasma fibrinogen, serum C-reactive protein) data, and neuropathological reports underwent surgery for primary cranial WHO grade 1 and 2 meningioma. ASA intake was found to be significantly associated with a low MIB-1 labeling index in female patients ≥ 60 years. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that female patients ≥ 60 years with a non-skull-base meningioma taking ASA had a significantly lower MIB-1 index (OR: 2.6, 95%: 1.0–6.6, p = 0.04). Furthermore, the intake of ASA was independently associated with a reduced burden of symptomatic epilepsy at presentation in non-skull-base meningiomas in both genders (OR: 3.8, 95%CI: 1.3–10.6, p = 0.03). ASA intake might have an anti-proliferative effect in the subgroup of elderly female patients with non-skull-base meningiomas. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory therapy seems to reduce the burden of symptomatic epilepsy in non-skull-base meningiomas. Further research is needed to investigate the role of anti-inflammatory therapy in non-skull-base meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wach
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-287-16521
| | - Ági Güresir
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hartmut Vatter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herrlinger
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Centre of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Albert Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marieta Toma
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Erdem Güresir
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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5
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Wang C, Zhang X, Luo L, Luo Y, Wu D, Spilca D, Le Q, Yang X, Alvarez K, Hines WC, Yang XO, Liu M. COX-2 Deficiency Promotes White Adipogenesis via PGE2-Mediated Paracrine Mechanism and Exacerbates Diet-Induced Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:1819. [PMID: 35681514 PMCID: PMC9180646 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a critical role in regulating innate immunity and metabolism by producing prostaglandins (PGs) and other lipid mediators. However, the implication of adipose COX-2 in obesity remains largely unknown. Using adipocyte-specific COX-2 knockout (KO) mice, we showed that depleting COX-2 in adipocytes promoted white adipose tissue development accompanied with increased size and number of adipocytes and predisposed diet-induced adiposity, obesity, and insulin resistance. The increased size and number of adipocytes by COX-2 KO were reversed by the treatment of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) but not PGI2 and PGD2 during adipocyte differentiation. PGE2 suppresses PPARγ expression through the PKA pathway at the early phase of adipogenesis, and treatment of PGE2 or PKA activator isoproterenol diminished the increased lipid droplets in size and number in COX-2 KO primary adipocytes. Administration of PGE2 attenuated increased fat mass and fat percentage in COX-2 deficient mice. Taken together, our study demonstrated the suppressing effect of adipocyte COX-2 on adipogenesis and reveals that COX-2 restrains adipose tissue expansion via the PGE2-mediated paracrine mechanism and prevents the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (D.W.); (X.O.Y.)
| | - Dianna Spilca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Que Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Katelyn Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - William Curtis Hines
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (D.W.); (X.O.Y.)
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Saber S, Alomar SY, Yahya G. Blocking prostanoid receptors switches on multiple immune responses and cascades of inflammatory signaling against larval stages in snail fever. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43546-43555. [PMID: 35396684 PMCID: PMC9200668 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever or bilharziasis, is a worm infection caused by trematode called schistosomes that affects humans and animals worldwide. Schistosomiasis endemically exists in developing countries. Inflammatory responses elicited in the early phase of infection represent the rate limiting step for parasite migration and pathogenesis and could be a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin (IL)-10 were found to be differentially affected in case of immune-modulation studies and cytokine analysis of hosts infected with either normal or radiation-attenuated parasite (RA) which switches off the development of an effective immune response against the migrating parasite in the early phase of schistosomiasis. Normal parasites induce predominantly a T helper 2 (Th2)-type cytokine response (IL-4 and IL-5) which is essential for parasite survival; here, we discuss in detail the downstream effects and cascades of inflammatory signaling of PGE2 and IL10 induced by normal parasites and the effect of blocking PGE2 receptors. We suggest that by selectively constraining the production of PGE2 during vaccination or therapy of susceptible persons or infected patients of schistosomiasis, this would boost IL-12 and reduce IL-10 production leading to a polarization toward the anti-worm Thl cytokine synthesis (IL-2 and Interferon (IFN)-γ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Suliman Y. Alomar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Al Sharkia, 44519 Egypt
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Wang C, Zhang X, Luo L, Luo Y, Yang X, Ding X, Wang L, Le H, Feldman LER, Men X, Yan C, Huang W, Feng Y, Liu F, Yang XO, Liu M. Adipocyte-derived PGE2 is required for intermittent fasting-induced Treg proliferation and improvement of insulin sensitivity. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153755. [PMID: 35260536 PMCID: PMC8983131 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intermittent fasting (IF) diet has profound benefits for diabetes prevention. However, the precise mechanisms underlying IF's beneficial effects remain poorly defined. Here, we show that the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme that produces prostaglandins, are suppressed in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese humans. In addition, the expression of COX-2 in WAT is markedly upregulated by IF in obese mice. Adipocyte-specific depletion of COX-2 led to reduced fractions of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and a substantial decrease in the frequency of CD206+ macrophages, an increase in the abundance of γδT cells in WAT under normal chow diet conditions, and attenuation of IF-induced antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects, despite a similar antiobesity effect in obese mice. Mechanistically, adipocyte-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promoted Treg proliferation through the CaMKII pathway in vitro and rescued Treg populations in adipose tissue in COX-2-deficient mice. Ultimately, inactivation of Tregs by neutralizing anti-CD25 diminished IF-elicited antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects, and PGE2 restored the beneficial effects of IF in COX-2-KO mice. Collectively, our study reveals that adipocyte COX-2 is a key regulator of Treg proliferation and that adipocyte-derived PGE2 is essential for IF-elicited type 2 immune response and metabolic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Huyen Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lily Elizabeth R. Feldman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xuebo Men
- Baodi Clinical College of Tian Jin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cen Yan
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yingmei Feng
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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8
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Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals an Intrinsic Heterogeneity of the Preovulatory Follicular Microenvironment. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020231. [PMID: 35204732 PMCID: PMC8961562 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The follicular microenvironment, including intra-follicular granulosa cells (GCs), is responsible for oocyte maturation and subsequent ovulation. However, the functions of GCs and cellular components of the follicular microenvironment in preovulatory follicles have not been extensively explored. Here, we surveyed the single-cell transcriptome of the follicular microenvironment around MII oocytes in six human preovulatory follicles in in vitro fertilization. There were six different cell types in the preovulatory follicles, including GCs and various immune cells. In GCs, we identified nine different functional clusters with different functional transcriptomic profiles, including specific clusters involved in inflammatory responses and adhesive function. Follicular macrophages are involved in immune responses, extracellular matrix remoulding and assist GCs in promoting the oocyte meiotic resumption. Interestingly, we observed that the specific terminal state subcluster of GCs with high levels of adhesive-related molecules should result in macrophage recruitment and residence, further contributing to an obvious heterogeneity of the immune cell proportion in preovulatory follicles from different patients. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptomic landscape of the preovulatory follicular microenvironment at the single-cell level. It provides valuable insights into understanding the regulation of the oocyte maturation and ovulation process, offering potential clues for the diagnosis and treatment of oocyte-maturation-related and ovulation-related diseases.
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9
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Park CJ, Lin PC, Zhou S, Barakat R, Bashir ST, Choi JM, Cacioppo JA, Oakley OR, Duffy DM, Lydon JP, Ko CJ. Progesterone Receptor Serves the Ovary as a Trigger of Ovulation and a Terminator of Inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107496. [PMID: 32294429 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovulation is triggered by the gonadotropin surge that induces the expression of two key genes, progesterone receptor (Pgr) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), in the granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles. Their gene products PGR and PTGS2 activate two separate pathways that are both essential for successful ovulation. Here, we show that the PGR plays an additional essential role: it attenuates ovulatory inflammation by diminishing the gonadotropin surge-induced Ptgs2 expression. PGR indirectly terminates Ptgs2 expression and PGE2 synthesis in granulosa cells by inhibiting the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor required for Ptgs2 expression. When the expression of PGR is ablated in granulosa cells, the ovary undergoes a hyperinflammatory condition manifested by excessive PGE2 synthesis, immune cell infiltration, oxidative damage, and neoplastic transformation of ovarian cells. The PGR-driven termination of PTGS2 expression may protect the ovary from ovulatory inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Jin Park
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Po-Ching Lin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Sherry Zhou
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia 13518, Egypt
| | - Shah Tauseef Bashir
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Jeong Moon Choi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Joseph A Cacioppo
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Oliver R Oakley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY 40475, USA
| | - Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, PO Box 1980, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - CheMyong J Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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10
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Wendimu MY, Alqinyah M, Vella S, Dean P, Almutairi F, Davila-Rivera R, Rayatpisheh S, Wohlschlegel J, Moreno S, Hooks SB. RGS10 physically and functionally interacts with STIM2 and requires store-operated calcium entry to regulate pro-inflammatory gene expression in microglia. Cell Signal 2021; 83:109974. [PMID: 33705894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic activation of microglia is a driving factor in the progression of neuroinflammatory diseases, and mechanisms that regulate microglial inflammatory signaling are potential targets for novel therapeutics. Regulator of G protein Signaling 10 is the most abundant RGS protein in microglia, where it suppresses inflammatory gene expression and reduces microglia-mediated neurotoxicity. In particular, microglial RGS10 downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the mechanism by which RGS10 affects inflammatory signaling is unknown and is independent of its canonical G protein targeted mechanism. Here, we sought to identify non-canonical RGS10 interacting partners that mediate its anti-inflammatory mechanism. Through RGS10 co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, we identified STIM2, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized calcium sensor and a component of the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) machinery, as a novel RGS10 interacting protein in microglia. Direct immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed RGS10-STIM2 interaction in multiple microglia and macrophage cell lines, as well as in primary cells, with no interaction observed with the homologue STIM1. We further determined that STIM2, Orai channels, and the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin are essential for LPS-induced COX-2 production in microglia, and this pathway is required for the inhibitory effect of RGS10 on COX-2. Additionally, our data demonstrated that RGS10 suppresses SOCE triggered by ER calcium depletion and that ER calcium depletion, which induces SOCE, amplifies pro-inflammatory genes. In addition to COX-2, we also show that RGS10 suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia in response to thrombin and LPS stimulation, and all of these effects require SOCE. Collectively, the physical and functional links between RGS10 and STIM2 suggest a complex regulatory network connecting RGS10, SOCE, and pro-inflammatory gene expression in microglia, with broad implications in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menbere Y Wendimu
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Alqinyah
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Stephen Vella
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Phillip Dean
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Faris Almutairi
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Roseanne Davila-Rivera
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Shima Rayatpisheh
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States of America
| | - James Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States of America
| | - Silvia Moreno
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Shelley B Hooks
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America.
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11
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Yang X, Li M, Jiang J, Hu X, Qing Y, Sun L, Yang T, Wang D, Cui G, Gao Y, Zhang J, Li X, Shen Y, Qin S, Wan C. Dysregulation of phospholipase and cyclooxygenase expression is involved in Schizophrenia. EBioMedicine 2021; 64:103239. [PMID: 33581645 PMCID: PMC7892797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe mental disease with highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations and pathological mechanisms. Schizophrenia is linked to abnormalities in cell membrane phospholipids and blunting of the niacin skin flush response, but the associations between these phenotypes and its molecular pathogenesis remain unclear. This study aimed to describe the PLA2/COX pathway, the key link between phospholipids and niacin flush, and to illustrate the pathogenic mechanisms in schizophrenia that mediate the above phenotypes. METHODS A total of 166 patients with schizophrenia and 54 healthy controls were recruited in this study and assigned to a discovery set and a validation set. We assessed the mRNA levels of 19 genes related to the PLA2/COX cascade in leukocytes by real-time PCR. Plasma IL-6 levels were measured with an ELISA kit. Genetic association analysis was performed on PLA2G4A and PTGS2 to investigate their potential relationship with blunted niacin-skin response in an independent sample set. FINDINGS Six of the 19 genes in the PLA2/COX pathway exhibited significant differences between schizophrenia and healthy controls. The disturbance of the pathway indicates the activation of arachidonic acid (AA) hydrolysis and metabolization, resulting in the abnormalities of membrane lipid homeostasis and immune function, further increasing the risk of schizophrenia. On the other hand, the active process of AA hydrolysis from cell membrane phospholipids and decreased transcription of CREB1, COX-2 and PTGER4 may explain the reported findings of a blunted niacin response in schizophrenia. The significant genetic associations between PLA2G4A and PTGS2 with the niacin-skin responses further support the inference. INTERPRETATION These results suggested that the activation of AA hydrolysis and the imbalance in COX-1 and COX-2 expression are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and blunting of the niacin flush response. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC1306900, 2016YFC1306802); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81971254, 81771440, 81901354); Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (ZH2018ZDA40, YG2019GD04, YG2016MS48); Grants of Shanghai Brain-Intelligence Project from STCSM (16JC1420500); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (13DZ2260500); and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M642029, 2018M630442, 2019M661526, 2020T130407); Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (20ZR1426700); and Startup Fund for Youngman Research at SJTU (19 × 100040033).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhan Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Sun
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqi Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoping Cui
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Shen
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Krishna BA, Wass AB, Dooley AL, O'Connor CM. CMV-encoded GPCR pUL33 activates CREB and facilitates its recruitment to the MIE locus for efficient viral reactivation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs254268. [PMID: 33199520 PMCID: PMC7860128 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes life-long latent infection in hematopoietic progenitor cells and circulating monocytes in infected individuals. Myeloid differentiation coupled with immune dysregulation leads to viral reactivation, which can cause severe disease and mortality. Reactivation of latent virus requires chromatin reorganization and the removal of transcriptional repressors in exchange for transcriptional activators. While some factors involved in these processes are identified, a complete characterization of the viral and cellular factors involved in their upstream regulation remains elusive. Herein, we show the HCMV-encoded G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), UL33, is expressed during latency. Although this viral GPCR is not required to maintain latent infection, our data reveal UL33-mediated signaling is important for efficient viral reactivation. Additionally, UL33 signaling induces cellular cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB1, referred to here as CREB) phosphorylation, a transcription factor that promotes reactivation when recruited to the major immediate early (MIE) enhancer/promoter. Finally, targeted pharmacological inhibition of CREB activity reverses the reactivation phenotype of the UL33 signaling-deficient mutant. In sum, our data reveal UL33-mediated signaling functions to activate CREB, resulting in successful viral reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Krishna
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Amanda B Wass
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Abigail L Dooley
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Christine M O'Connor
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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13
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Ramalingam V, Rajaram R. A paradoxical role of reactive oxygen species in cancer signaling pathway: Physiology and pathology. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Resveratrol-mediated inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 in melanocytes suppresses melanogenesis through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signalling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 860:172586. [PMID: 31377156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), has been reported to exert a variety of important pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and direct inhibition of tyrosinase. This study aimed to examine the expression of melanogenic molecules following down-regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression by resveratrol and the related signal transduction pathways in mouse B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish larvae. We report that resveratrol suppressed COX-2 in melanocytes and decreased the expressions of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Furthermore, inhibition of COX-2 with NS398 enhanced resveratrol-reduced tyrosinase and MITF expression. Resveratrol also induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphoinositide-3 (PI-3)-kinase/Akt. Inhibition of ERK1/2 or PI-3K/Akt by PD98059 and LY294002 restored the decreased tyrosinase activity and MITF expression via resveratrol-mediated down-regulation of COX-2. Additionally, resveratrol inhibited body pigmentation in zebrafish. These results indicated that resveratrol inhibited melanogenesis by down-regulating COX-2 via ERK1/2 and PI-3K/Akt pathways in B16F10 cells.
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15
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Replication of Marek's Disease Virus Is Dependent on Synthesis of De Novo Fatty Acid and Prostaglandin E 2. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00352-19. [PMID: 30971474 PMCID: PMC6580946 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00352-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances of the lipid metabolism in chickens infected with MDV contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. However, the role of lipid metabolism in MDV replication remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MDV infection activates FAS and induces LD formation. Moreover, our results demonstrate that MDV replication is highly dependent on the FAS pathway and the downstream metabolites. Finally, our results reveal that MDV also activates the COX-2/PGE2 pathway, which supports MDV replication by activating PGE2/EP2 and PGE2/EP4 signaling pathways. Marek’s disease virus (MDV) causes deadly lymphoma and induces an imbalance of the lipid metabolism in infected chickens. Here, we discovered that MDV activates the fatty acid synthesis (FAS) pathway in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs). In addition, MDV-infected cells contained high levels of fatty acids and showed increased numbers of lipid droplets (LDs). Chemical inhibitors of the FAS pathway (TOFA and C75) reduced MDV titers by approximately 30-fold. Addition of the downstream metabolites, including malonyl-coenzyme A and palmitic acid, completely restored the inhibitory effects of the FAS inhibitors. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that MDV infection activates the COX-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway, as evident by increased levels of arachidonic acid, COX-2 expression, and PGE2 synthesis. Inhibition of the COX-2/PGE2 pathway by chemical inhibitors or knockdown of COX2 using short hairpin RNA reduced MDV titers, suggesting that COX-2 promotes virus replication. Exogenous PGE2 completely restored the inhibition of the COX-2/PGE2 pathway in MDV replication. Unexpectedly, exogenous PGE2 also partially rescued the inhibitory effects of FAS inhibitors on MDV replication, suggesting that there is a link between these two pathways in MDV infection. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the FAS and COX-2/PGE2 pathways play an important role in the replication of this deadly pathogen. IMPORTANCE Disturbances of the lipid metabolism in chickens infected with MDV contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. However, the role of lipid metabolism in MDV replication remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MDV infection activates FAS and induces LD formation. Moreover, our results demonstrate that MDV replication is highly dependent on the FAS pathway and the downstream metabolites. Finally, our results reveal that MDV also activates the COX-2/PGE2 pathway, which supports MDV replication by activating PGE2/EP2 and PGE2/EP4 signaling pathways.
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16
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Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition slows disease progression and improves the altered renal lipid mediator profile in the Pkd2 WS25/- mouse model of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2019; 32:401-409. [PMID: 30671914 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-018-00578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased levels of cyclooxygenase (COX) derived oxylipins is the earliest and most consistent alteration in the renal oxylipin profile in diverse models of cystic kidney diseases. Therefore, we examined whether a COX2 inhibitor would reduce disease progression in the Pkd2WS25/- mouse model of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). METHODS Weanling normal and diseased male Pkd2 mice were provided diets that provided 0 or 50 mg celecoxib/kg body weight/day, for 13 weeks. Renal disease and function were assessed by histomorphometric analysis of renal cysts and measurement of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen (SUN) levels. Targeted lipidomic analysis of renal oxylipins was performed by HPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Diseased mice had significant cyst involvement and reduced renal function as indicated by elevated serum creatinine and SUN. Celecoxib reduced cyst area by 48%, cyst volume by 70%, and serum creatinine and SUN by 20% and 16%, respectively. Consistent with our previous studies, 8 of the 11 COX derived oxylipins were higher in diseased kidneys. In addition, 24 of 33 lipoxygenase (LOX) derived oxylipins and 7 of 16 cytochrome P450 (CYP) derived oxylipins were lower in diseased kidneys. Celecoxib reduced total and five of the eight individual elevated COX oxylipins and increased 5 of 24 LOX and 5 of 7 CYP oxylipins that were reduced by disease. CONCLUSIONS COX2 inhibition ameliorates disease progression, improves renal function and improves the altered oxylipins in Pkd2 mice. This represents a potential new approach for treatment of ADPKD, a disorder for which no effective treatment currently exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirujjaman
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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17
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Kordulewska NK, Cieślińska A, Fiedorowicz E, Jarmołowska B, Kostyra E. High Expression of IL-1RI and EP₂ Receptors in the IL-1β/COX-2 Pathway, and a New Alternative to Non-Steroidal Drugs-Osthole in Inhibition COX-2. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E186. [PMID: 30620999 PMCID: PMC6337662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osthole (7-methoxy-8-isopentenylcoumarin) is natural coumarin isolated from the fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, which is commonly used in medical practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in various diseases including allergies and asthma disorders. PURPOSE Osthole was tested for the anti-histamine, anti-allergic, and inhibitory effects of COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in children with diagnosed allergies. Additionally, we hypothesize that stated alterations in children with diagnosed allergies including increased expression of interleukin 1-β receptor type 1 (IL-1 type I) and E-prostanoid (EP) 2 receptors, as well as raised expression, production, and activity of COX-2 and IL-1β in incubated medium are approximately connected. Furthermore, we establish the mechanisms included in the changed regulation of the COX-2 pathway and determine whether osthole may be COX-2 inhibitor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHOD PBMCs were obtained from peripheral blood of healthy children (control, n = 28) and patients with diagnosed allergies (allergy, n = 30). Expression of the autocrine loop components regulating PGE₂ production and signaling namely IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI), cyclooksygenaze-2 (COX-2), E-prostanoid (EP) 2, and also histamine receptor-1 (HRH-1) was assessed at baseline and after stimulation with histamine, osthole, and a mixture of histamine/osthole 1:2 (v/v). This comprised the expression of histamine receptor 1 (HRH-1), IL-1RI, COX-2, EP₂ receptor, and the secretion of IL-1β and COX-2 in cultured media and sera. RESULTS Compared with control group, basal mRNA expression levels of HRH-1, IL-1RI, COX-2, and EP₂ were higher in the allergy group. Histamine-induced EP₂ and COX-2 expression mRNA levels were also increased. CONCLUSIONS Osthole successively inhibits PGE₂ and COX-2 mRNA expression. Furthermore, osthole reduces the secretion of COX-2 protein in signaling cellular mechanisms. Changed EP₂ expression in children with allergies provides higher IL-1RI induction, increasing IL-1β capacity to increase COX-2 expression. This effects in higher PGE₂ production, which in turn increases its capability to induce IL-1RI.
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MESH Headings
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Coumarins/chemistry
- Coumarins/pharmacology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Histamine/chemistry
- Histamine/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity/genetics
- Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Models, Biological
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H1/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Karolina Kordulewska
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Cieślińska
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Fiedorowicz
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Beata Jarmołowska
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kostyra
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
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18
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Zhang X, Luo Y, Wang C, Ding X, Yang X, Wu D, Silva F, Yang Z, Zhou Q, Wang L, Wang X, Zhou J, Boyd N, Spafford M, Burge M, Yang XO, Liu M. Adipose mTORC1 Suppresses Prostaglandin Signaling and Beige Adipogenesis via the CRTC2-COX-2 Pathway. Cell Rep 2018; 24:3180-3193. [PMID: 30232001 PMCID: PMC6287973 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are present in white adipose tissue (WAT) and have thermogenic capacity to orchestrate substantial energy metabolism and counteract obesity. However, adipocyte-derived signals that act on progenitor cells to control beige adipogenesis remain poorly defined. Here, we show that adipose-specific depletion of Raptor, a key component of mTORC1, promoted beige adipogenesis through prostaglandins (PGs) synthesized by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Moreover, Raptor-deficient mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity and COX-2 downregulation. Mechanistically, mTORC1 suppressed COX-2 by phosphorylation of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) and subsequent dissociation of CREB to cox-2 promoter in adipocytes. PG treatment stimulated PKA and promoted differentiation of progenitor cells to beige adipocytes in culture. Ultimately, we show that pharmacological inhibition or suppression of COX-2 attenuated mTORC1 inhibition-induced thermogenic gene expression in inguinal WAT in vivo and in vitro. Our study identifies adipocyte-derived PGs as key regulators of white adipocyte browning, which occurs through mTORC1 and CRTC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Development Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Development Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Floyd Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Development Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nathan Boyd
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michael Spafford
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Mark Burge
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Xuexian O Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Fujii N, Pastore OL, McGarr GW, Meade RD, McNeely BD, Nishiyasu T, Kenny GP. Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 modulate sweating but not cutaneous vasodilation during exercise in the heat in young men. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13844. [PMID: 30175553 PMCID: PMC6119687 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor ketorolac attenuated sweating but not cutaneous vasodilation during moderate-intensity exercise in the heat. However, the specific contributions of COX-1 and COX-2 to the sweating response remained to be determined. We tested the hypothesis that COX-1 but not COX-2 contributes to sweating with no role for either COX isoform in cutaneous vasodilation during moderate-intensity exercise in the heat. In thirteen young males (22 ± 2 years), sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance were measured at three forearm skin sites that were continuously treated with (1) lactated Ringer's solution (Control), (2) 150 μmmol·L-1 celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, or (3) 10 mmol L-1 ketorolac, a nonselective COX inhibitor. Participants first rested in a non heat stress condition (≥85 min, 25°C) followed by a further 70-min rest period in the heat (35°C). They then performed 50 min of moderate-intensity cycling (~55% peak oxygen uptake) followed by a 30-min recovery period. At the end of exercise, sweat rate was lower at the 150 μmol·L-1 celecoxib (1.51 ± 0.25 mg·min-1 ·cm-2 ) and 10 mmol·L-1 ketorolac (1.30 ± 0.30 mg·min-1 ·cm-2 ) treated skin sites relative to the Control site (1.89 ± 0.27 mg·min-1 ·cm-2 ) (both P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, sweat rate at the ketorolac site was attenuated relative to the celecoxib site (P ≤ 0.05). Neither celecoxib nor ketorolac influenced cutaneous vascular conductance throughout the experiment (both P > 0.05). We showed that both COX-1 and COX-2 contribute to sweating but not cutaneous vasodilation during moderate-intensity exercise in the heat in young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research UnitUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Olivia L. Pastore
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research UnitUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Gregory W. McGarr
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research UnitUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Robert D. Meade
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research UnitUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Brendan D. McNeely
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research UnitUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Glen P. Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research UnitUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
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Goswami S, Sharma-Walia N. Crosstalk between osteoprotegerin (OPG), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and, cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) in breast cancer: implications in carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58953-58974. [PMID: 27270654 PMCID: PMC5312288 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between malignant and nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment, as maneuvered by cytokines/chemokines, drives breast cancer progression. In our previous study, we discovered Osteoprotegerin (OPG) as one of the cytokines heavily secreted by breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that OPG is expressed and secreted at very high levels from the highly invasive breast cancer cell lines SUM149PT and SUM1315MO2 as compared to normal human mammary epithelial HMEC cells. OPG was involved in modulating aneuploidy, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis in breast cancer. Mass spectrometry analysis performed in this study revealed OPG interacts with fatty acid synthase (FASN), which is a key enzyme of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in breast cancer cells. Further, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and fluorescence quantitation assays highlighted the presence of a large number of lipid bodies (lipid droplets) in SUM149PT and SUM1315MO2 cells in comparison to HMEC. We recently showed upregulation of the COX-2 inflammatory pathway and its metabolite PGE2 secretion in SUM149PT and SUM1315MO2 breast cancer cells. Interestingly, human breast cancer tissue samples displayed high expression of OPG, PGE2 and fatty acid synthase (FASN). FASN is a multifunctional enzyme involved in lipid biosynthesis. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the co-existence of COX-2 and FASN in the lipid bodies of breast cancer cells. We reasoned that there might be crosstalk between OPG, FASN, and COX-2 that sustains the inflammatory pathways in breast cancer. Interestingly, knocking down OPG by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in breast cancer cells decreased FASN expression at the protein level. Here, we identified cis-acting elements involved in the transcriptional regulation of COX-2 and FASN by recombinant human OPG (rhOPG). Treatment with FASN inhibitor C75 and COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib individually decreased the number of lipid bodies/cell, downregulated phosphorylation of ERK, GSK3β, and induced apoptosis by caspase-3/7 and caspase-9 activation. But a more efficient and effective decrease in lipid bodies/cell and survival kinase signaling was observed upon combining the drug treatments for the aggressive cancer cells. Collectively, the novel biological crosstalk between OPG, FASN, and COX-2 advocates for combinatorial drug treatment to block these players of carcinogenesis as a promising therapeutic target to treat highly invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Goswami
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Neelam Sharma-Walia
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
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1,8-cineole prevents UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis by targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105995-106008. [PMID: 29285309 PMCID: PMC5739696 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
1,8-cineole is a natural monoterpene cyclic ether present in Eucalyptus, and has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the preventive effect of 1,8-cineole on skin carcinogenesis and the molecular mechanism of action responsible remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 1,8-cineole on UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. 1,8-cineole inhibited UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and mRNA expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) generation in HaCaT cells. 1,8-cineole also inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and phosphorylation of its upstream kinases, c-Src and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay results showed that 1,8-cineole suppressed UVB-induced expression of a target gene of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), cyp1a1, and directly binds to AhR. Knockdown of AhR suppressed COX-2 expression as well as phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, topical treatment of 1,8-cineole on mouse skin delayed tumor incidence and reduced tumor numbers, while inhibiting COX-2 expression in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that 1,8-cineole is a potent chemopreventive agent that inhibits UVB-induced COX-2 expression by targeting AhR to suppress UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis.
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22
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Yun B, Lee H, Jayaraja S, Suram S, Murphy RC, Leslie CC. Prostaglandins from Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α/Cyclooxygenase-1 Pathway and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases Regulate Gene Expression in Candida albicans-infected Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7070-86. [PMID: 26841868 PMCID: PMC4807289 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In Candida albicans-infected resident peritoneal macrophages, activation of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2(cPLA2α) by calcium- and mitogen-activated protein kinases triggers the rapid production of prostaglandins I2 and E2 through cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and regulates gene expression by increasing cAMP. InC. albicans-infected cPLA2α(-/-)or COX-1(-/-)macrophages, expression ofI l10,Nr4a2, and Ptgs2 was lower, and expression ofTnfα was higher, than in wild type macrophages. Expression was reconstituted with 8-bromo-cAMP, the PKA activator 6-benzoyl-cAMP, and agonists for prostaglandin receptors IP, EP2, and EP4 in infected but not uninfected cPLA2α(-/-)or COX-1(-/-)macrophages. InC. albicans-infected cPLA2α(+/+)macrophages, COX-2 expression was blocked by IP, EP2, and EP4 receptor antagonists, indicating a role for both prostaglandin I2 and E2 Activation of ERKs and p38, but not JNKs, by C. albicansacted synergistically with prostaglandins to induce expression of Il10,Nr4a2, and Ptgs2. Tnfα expression required activation of ERKs and p38 but was suppressed by cAMP. Results using cAMP analogues that activate PKA or Epacs suggested that cAMP regulates gene expression through PKA. However, phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), the cAMP-regulated transcription factor involved inIl10,Nr4a2,Ptgs2, andTnfα expression, was not mediated by cAMP/PKA because it was similar inC. albicans-infected wild type and cPLA2α(-/-)or COX-1(-/-)macrophages. CREB phosphorylation was blocked by p38 inhibitors and induced by the p38 activator anisomycin but not by the PKA activator 6-benzoyl-cAMP. Therefore, MAPK activation inC. albicans-infected macrophages plays a dual role by promoting the cPLA2α/prostaglandin/cAMP/PKA pathway and CREB phosphorylation that coordinately regulate immediate early gene expression.
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MESH Headings
- 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology
- Animals
- Candida albicans/physiology
- Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/immunology
- Cyclooxygenase 1/deficiency
- Cyclooxygenase 1/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 1/immunology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/immunology
- Dinoprostone/biosynthesis
- Epoprostenol/biosynthesis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/deficiency
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/genetics
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/microbiology
- Membrane Proteins/deficiency
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/immunology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogeon Yun
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206 and
| | - HeeJung Lee
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206 and
| | - Sabarirajan Jayaraja
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206 and
| | - Saritha Suram
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206 and
| | | | - Christina C Leslie
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206 and the Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Hu X, Cifarelli V, Sun S, Kuda O, Abumrad NA, Su X. Major role of adipocyte prostaglandin E2 in lipolysis-induced macrophage recruitment. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:663-73. [PMID: 26912395 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m066530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), which contribute to both local and systemic inflammation and modulate insulin sensitivity. Adipocyte lipolysis during fasting and weight loss also leads to ATM accumulation, but without proinflammatory activation suggesting distinct mechanisms of ATM recruitment. We examined the possibility that specific lipid mediators with anti-inflammatory properties are released from adipocytes undergoing lipolysis to induce macrophage migration. In the present study, we showed that conditioned medium (CM) from adipocytes treated with forskolin to stimulate lipolysis can induce migration of RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition to FFAs, lipolytic stimulation increased release of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and prostaglandin D2(PGD2), reflecting cytosolic phospholipase A2α activation and enhanced cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 expression. Reconstituted medium with the anti-inflammatory PGE2potently induced macrophage migration while different FFAs and PGD2had modest effects. The ability of CM to induce macrophage migration was abolished by treating adipocytes with the COX2 inhibitor sc236 or by treating macrophages with the prostaglandin E receptor 4 antagonist AH23848. In fasted mice, macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue coincided with increases of PGE2levels and COX1 expression. Collectively, our data show that adipocyte-originated PGE2with inflammation suppressive properties plays a significant role in mediating ATM accumulation during lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Vincenza Cifarelli
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shishuo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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24
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Tse KH, Chow KBS, Wise H. PGE2 released by primary sensory neurons modulates Toll-like receptor 4 activities through an EP4 receptor-dependent process. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 293:8-16. [PMID: 27049555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) displays mixed regulatory properties with regard to inflammatory gene expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. We show here that endogenously-produced nanomolar concentrations of PGE2, such as that generated in response to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation, inhibits both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) mRNA expression in DRG cells in an EP4 receptor-dependent manner. DRG neurons appear to be the major source of PGE2 in the DRG and likely serve as both an autocrine and paracrine system for limiting over-activation of both DRG neurons and glial cells in response to TLR4 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hei Tse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Kevin B S Chow
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Helen Wise
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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26
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Machado-Carvalho L, Martín M, Torres R, Gabasa M, Alobid I, Mullol J, Pujols L, Roca-Ferrer J, Picado C. Low E-prostanoid 2 receptor levels and deficient induction of the IL-1β/IL-1 type I receptor/COX-2 pathway: Vicious circle in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:99-107.e7. [PMID: 26560040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the 2 reported alterations in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), reduced expression/production of COX-2/prostaglandin (PG) E2 and diminished expression of E-prostanoid (EP) 2 receptor, are closely linked. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanisms involved in the altered regulation of the COX pathway in patients with AERD. METHODS Fibroblasts were obtained from nasal mucosa; samples of control subjects (NM-C, n = 8) and from nasal polyps from patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (NP-AERD, n = 8). Expression of the autocrine loop components regulating PGE2 production and signaling, namely IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI), COX-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1), and EP receptors, was assessed at baseline and after stimulation with IL-1β, PGE2, and specific EP receptor agonists. RESULTS Compared with NM-C fibroblasts, basal expression levels of IL-1RI and EP2 receptor were lower in NP-AERD fibroblasts. IL-1β-induced IL-1RI, COX-2, and mPGES-1 expression levels were also lower in these cells. Levels of IL-1RI positively correlated with COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression in both NM-C and NP-AERD fibroblasts. Incubation with either exogenous PGE2 or selective EP2 agonist significantly increased expression of IL-1RI in NM-C fibroblasts and had hardly any effect on NP-AERD fibroblasts. Alterations in IL-1RI, COX-2, and mPGES-1 expression that were found in NP-AERD fibroblasts were corrected when EP2 receptor expression was normalized by transfection of NP-AERD fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Altered expression of EP2 in patients with AERD contributes to deficient induction of IL-1RI, reducing the capacity of IL-1β to increase COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression, which results in low PGE2 production. This impairment in the generation of PGE2 subsequently reduces its ability to induce IL-1RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Machado-Carvalho
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Margarita Martín
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Torres
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gabasa
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isam Alobid
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pujols
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca-Ferrer
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesar Picado
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Jiang J, Zhao LG, Teng YJ, Chen SL, An LP, Ma JL, Wang J, Xia YY. ERK5 signalling pathway is essential for fluid shear stress-induced COX-2 gene expression in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 406:237-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Systemic oxygenation weakens the hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor 1α-dependent and extracellular adenosine-mediated tumor protection. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:1283-92. [PMID: 25120128 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intratumoral hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1-α)-dependent CD39/CD73 ectoenzymes may govern the accumulation of tumor-protecting extracellular adenosine and signaling through A2A adenosine receptors (A2AR) in tumor microenvironments (TME). Here, we explored the conceptually novel motivation to use supplemental oxygen as a treatment to inhibit the hypoxia/HIF-1α-CD39/CD73-driven accumulation of extracellular adenosine in the TME in order to weaken the tumor protection. We report that hyperoxic breathing (60 % O2) decreased the TME hypoxia, as well as levels of HIF-1α and downstream target proteins of HIF-1α in the TME according to proteomic studies in mice. Importantly, oxygenation also downregulated the expression of adenosine-generating ectoenzymes and significantly lowered levels of tumor-protecting extracellular adenosine in the TME. Using supplemental oxygen as a tool in studies of the TME, we also identified FHL-1 as a potentially useful marker for the conversion of hypoxic into normoxic TME. Hyperoxic breathing resulted in the upregulation of antigen-presenting MHC class I molecules on tumor cells and in the better recognition and increased susceptibility to killing by tumor-reactive cytotoxic T cells. Therapeutic breathing of 60 % oxygen resulted in the significant inhibition of growth of established B16.F10 melanoma tumors and prolonged survival of mice. Taken together, the data presented here provide proof-of principle for the therapeutic potential of systemic oxygenation to convert the hypoxic, adenosine-rich and tumor-protecting TME into a normoxic and extracellular adenosine-poor TME that, in turn, may facilitate tumor regression. We propose to explore the combination of supplemental oxygen with existing immunotherapies of cancer. KEY MESSAGES Oxygenation decreases levels of tumor protecting hypoxia. Oxygenation decreases levels of tumor protecting extracellular adenosine. Oxygenation decreases expression of HIF-1alpha dependent tumor-protecting proteins. Oxygenation increases MHC class I expression and enables tumor regression.
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Qiu X, Cheng JC, Chang HM, Leung PCK. COX2 and PGE2 mediate EGF-induced E-cadherin-independent human ovarian cancer cell invasion. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:533-43. [PMID: 24969217 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2 (PTGS2)) has been reported to occur in human ovarian cancer and to be associated with poor prognosis. We have previously demonstrated that COX2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes human ovarian cancer cell invasion. We had also demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces human ovarian cancer cell invasion by downregulating the expression of E-cadherin through various signaling pathways. However, it remains unclear whether COX2 and PGE2 are involved in the EGF-induced downregulation of E-cadherin expression and cell invasion in human ovarian cancer cells. In this study, we showed that EGF treatment induces COX2 expression and PGE2 production in SKOV3 and OVCAR5 human ovarian cancer cell lines. Interestingly, COX2 is not required for the EGF-induced downregulation of E-cadherin expression. In addition, EGF treatment activates the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathways, while only the PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in EGF-induced COX2 expression. Moreover, we also showed that EGF-induced cell invasion is attenuated by treatment with a selective COX2 inhibitor, NS-398, as well as PGE2 siRNA. This study demonstrates an important role for COX2 and its derivative, PGE2, in the mediation of the effects of EGF on human ovarian cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyChild and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyChild and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyChild and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyChild and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
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Fujimori K, Yano M, Miyake H, Kimura H. Termination mechanism of CREB-dependent activation of COX-2 expression in early phase of adipogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 384:12-22. [PMID: 24378735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We elucidated the molecular mechanism of prostaglandin (PG) E2- and PGF2α-mediated suppression of the early phase of adipogenesis through enhanced COX-2 expression in 3T3-L1 cells. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase which catalyzes the conversion of cAMP to AMP, enhanced the activity of protein kinase A (PKA). Dibutyryl cAMP activated PKA and enhanced the phosphorylation of cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB). The ability of CREB binding to the CRE of the COX-2 promoter was elevated for enhancement of the expression of the COX-2 gene. CREB siRNA suppressed the expression of the COX-2 gene. Furthermore, okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase (PP) 1/2A inhibitor, suppressed the progression of adipogenesis by preventing PP1/2A-mediated suppression of CREB-dependent COX-2 expression, thus resulting in increased production of anti-adipogenic PGE2 and PGF2α. These results indicate that CREB-dependent expression of COX-2 for the production of anti-adipogenic PGs is critical for the regulation of the early phase of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Fujimori
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Mutsumi Yano
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Haruka Miyake
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kimura
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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Renal Cyclooxygenase Products are Higher and Lipoxygenase Products are Lower in Early Disease in the pcy Mouse Model of Adolescent Nephronophthisis. Lipids 2013; 49:39-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Carroll CC, O'Connor DT, Steinmeyer R, Del Mundo JD, McMullan DR, Whitt JA, Ramos JE, Gonzales RJ. The influence of acute resistance exercise on cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 activity and protein levels in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R24-30. [PMID: 23637134 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00593.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the activity and content of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 in response to acute resistance exercise (RE) in human skeletal muscle. Previous work suggests that COX-1, but not COX-2, is the primary COX isoform elevated with resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. COX activity, however, has not been assessed after resistance exercise in humans. It was hypothesized that RE would increase COX-1 but not COX-2 activity. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of nine young men (25 ± 1 yr) at baseline (preexercise), 4, and 24 h after a single bout of knee extensor RE (three sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of maximum). Tissue lysate was assayed for COX-1 and COX-2 activity. COX-1 and COX-2 protein levels were measured via Western blot analysis. COX-1 activity increased at 4 h (P < 0.05) compared with preexercise, but returned to baseline at 24 h (PRE: 60 ± 10, 4 h: 106 ± 22, 24 h: 72 ± 8 nmol PGH2·g total protein(-1)·min(-1)). COX-2 activity was elevated at 4 and 24 h after RE (P < 0.05, PRE: 51 ± 7, 4 h: 100 ± 19, 24 h: 98 ± 14 nmol PGH2·g total protein(-1)·min(-1)). The protein level of COX-1 was not altered (P > 0.05) with acute RE. In contrast, COX-2 protein levels were nearly 3-fold greater (P > 0.05) at 4 h and 5-fold greater (P = 0.06) at 24 h, compared with preexercise. In conclusion, COX-1 activity increases transiently with exercise independent of COX-1 protein levels. In contrast, both COX-2 activity and protein levels were elevated with exercise, and this elevation persisted to at least 24 h after RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad C Carroll
- Department of Physiology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
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DeCicco-Skinner KL, Nolan SJ, Deshpande MM, Trovato EL, Dempsey TA, Wiest JS. Altered prostanoid signaling contributes to increased skin tumorigenesis in Tpl2 knockout mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56212. [PMID: 23457529 PMCID: PMC3574127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common form of skin cancer with the incidence expected to double over the next 20 years. Inflammation is believed to be a critical component in skin cancer progression. Therefore, understanding genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory pathways is vital to the design of targeted therapies. Numerous studies show cyclooxygenases (COXs) play an essential role in inflammation-associated cancers. Tpl2 (MAP3K8) is a protein kinase in the MAP Kinase signal transduction cascade. Previous research using a two-stage skin carcinogenesis model revealed that Tpl2−/− mice have significantly higher tumor incidence and inflammatory response than wild-type (WT) controls. The current study investigates whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and COX-2- regulated prostaglandins and prostaglandin receptors drive the highly tumorigenic state of Tpl2−/− mice by investigating the relationship between Tpl2 and COX-2. Keratinocytes from newborn WT or Tpl2−/− mice were treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for various times over 24 hours. Western analysis revealed significant differences in COX-2 and COX-2 dependent prostanoids and prostanoid receptors. Additionally, in vivo experiments confirmed that COX-2 and COX-2 downstream factors were elevated in TPA-treated Tpl2−/− skin, as well as in papillomas from Tpl2−/− mice. Use of the selective COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib showed the increased tumorigenesis in the Tpl2−/− mice to primarily be mediated through COX-2. These experiments illustrate COX-2 induction in the absence of Tpl2 may be responsible for the increased tumorigenesis found in Tpl2−/− mice. Defining the relationship between Tpl2 and COX-2 may lead to new ways to downregulate COX-2 through the modulation of Tpl2.
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Clinicopathological evaluation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in meningioma: immunohistochemical analysis of 76 cases of low and high-grade meningioma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2012; 31:23-30. [PMID: 23250387 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-012-0127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenic activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of prostaglandins (PGs), has been proved for some types of cancer, including brain tumors. We evaluated expression of COX-2 in meningioma, one of the most common intracranial tumors in adults which accounts for 24-30 % of intracranial tumors. We performed immunostaining for COX-2 in 76 cases of meningioma consisting of 44 cases of low-grade (WHO Grade I) and 32 cases of high-grade (29 cases of Grade II and 3 cases of Grade III) meningioma, and evaluated COX-2 expression levels on the basis of staining intensity and proportion in tumor cells. The expression level of COX-2 in meningioma cells was significantly correlated with WHO grade (P = 0.0153). In addition, COX-2 expression was significantly correlated with MIB-1 labeling index for all 76 cases of meningioma (P = 0.0075), suggesting tumor promotion by COX-2 in meningioma progression. Our results may indicate the therapeutic value of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against meningioma, especially for patients with elevated proliferation, to regulate the tumorigenic activity of COX-2 in meningioma cells.
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Chen L, Sooranna SR, Lei K, Kandola M, Bennett PR, Liang Z, Grammatopoulos D, Johnson MR. Cyclic AMP increases COX-2 expression via mitogen-activated kinase in human myometrial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1447-60. [PMID: 21854542 PMCID: PMC3823214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is the archetypal smooth muscle relaxant, mediating the effects of many hormones and drugs. However, recently PGI2, acting via cAMP/PKA, was found to increase contraction-associated protein expression in myometrial cells and to promote oxytocin-driven myometrial contractility. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, which is critical to the onset and progression of human labour. We have investigated the impact of cAMP on myometrial COX-2 expression, synthesis and activity. Three cAMP agonists (8-bromo-cAMP, forskolin and rolipram) increased COX-2 mRNA expression and further studies confirmed that this was associated with COX-2 protein synthesis and activity (increased PGE2 and PGI2 in culture supernatant) in primary cultures of human myometrial cells. These effects were neither reproduced by specific agonists nor inhibited by specific inhibitors of known cAMP-effectors (PKA, EPAC and AMPK). We then used shRNA to knockdown the same effectors and another recently described cAMP-effector PDZ-GEF1-2, without changing the response to cAMP. We found that MAPK activation mediated the cAMP effects on COX-2 expression and that PGE2 acts through EP-2 to activate MAPK and increase COX-2. These data provide further evidence in support of a dual role for cAMP in the regulation of myometrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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Buenestado A, Grassin-Delyle S, Guitard F, Naline E, Faisy C, Israël-Biet D, Sage E, Bellamy JF, Tenor H, Devillier P. Roflumilast inhibits the release of chemokines and TNF-α from human lung macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1877-1890. [PMID: 21913898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lung macrophages are critically involved in respiratory diseases. This study assessed the effects of the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast and its active metabolite, roflumilast N-oxide on the release of a range of chemokines (CCL2, 3, 4, CXCL1, 8, 10) and of TNF-α, from human lung macrophages, stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide LPS. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Lung macrophages isolated from resected human lungs were incubated with roflumilast, roflumilast N-oxide, PGE(2), the COX inhibitor indomethacin, the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 or vehicle and stimulated with LPS (24 h). Chemokines, TNF-α, PGE(2) and 6-keto PGF(1α) were measured in culture supernatants by immunoassay. COX-2 mRNA expression was assessed with RT-qPCR. PDE activities were determined in macrophage homogenates. KEY RESULTS Expression of PDE4 in lung macrophages was increased after incubation with LPS. Roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide concentration-dependently reduced the LPS-stimulated release of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL10 and TNF-α from human lung macrophages, whereas that of CXCL1 or CXCL8 was not altered. This reduction by the PDE4 inhibitors was further accentuated by exogenous PGE(2) (10 nM) but abolished in the presence of indomethacin or NS-398. Conversely, addition of PGE(2) (10 nM), in the presence of indomethacin restored inhibition by roflumilast. LPS also increased PGE(2) and 6-keto PGF(1α) release from lung macrophages which was associated with an up-regulation of COX-2 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide reduced LPS-induced release of CCL2, 3, 4, CXCL10 and TNF-α in human lung macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Buenestado
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Pharmacology UPRES EA220, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceMedical Intensive Care Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Pneumology University Paris-Descartes, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceThoracic Surgery, Val d'Or Clinic, Saint-Cloud, FranceDepartment of Biology, Nycomed, Konstanz, Germany
| | - S Grassin-Delyle
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Pharmacology UPRES EA220, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceMedical Intensive Care Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Pneumology University Paris-Descartes, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceThoracic Surgery, Val d'Or Clinic, Saint-Cloud, FranceDepartment of Biology, Nycomed, Konstanz, Germany
| | - F Guitard
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Pharmacology UPRES EA220, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceMedical Intensive Care Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Pneumology University Paris-Descartes, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceThoracic Surgery, Val d'Or Clinic, Saint-Cloud, FranceDepartment of Biology, Nycomed, Konstanz, Germany
| | - E Naline
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Pharmacology UPRES EA220, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceMedical Intensive Care Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Pneumology University Paris-Descartes, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceThoracic Surgery, Val d'Or Clinic, Saint-Cloud, FranceDepartment of Biology, Nycomed, Konstanz, Germany
| | - C Faisy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Pharmacology UPRES EA220, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceMedical Intensive Care Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Pneumology University Paris-Descartes, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceThoracic Surgery, Val d'Or Clinic, Saint-Cloud, FranceDepartment of Biology, Nycomed, Konstanz, Germany
| | - D Israël-Biet
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Pharmacology UPRES EA220, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceMedical Intensive Care Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Pneumology University Paris-Descartes, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceThoracic Surgery, Val d'Or Clinic, Saint-Cloud, FranceDepartment of Biology, Nycomed, Konstanz, Germany
| | - E Sage
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Pharmacology UPRES EA220, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceMedical Intensive Care Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Pneumology University Paris-Descartes, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceThoracic Surgery, Val d'Or Clinic, Saint-Cloud, FranceDepartment of Biology, Nycomed, Konstanz, Germany
| | - J F Bellamy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Pharmacology UPRES EA220, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceMedical Intensive Care Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Pneumology University Paris-Descartes, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceThoracic Surgery, Val d'Or Clinic, Saint-Cloud, FranceDepartment of Biology, Nycomed, Konstanz, Germany
| | - H Tenor
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Pharmacology UPRES EA220, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceMedical Intensive Care Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Pneumology University Paris-Descartes, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceThoracic Surgery, Val d'Or Clinic, Saint-Cloud, FranceDepartment of Biology, Nycomed, Konstanz, Germany
| | - P Devillier
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Pharmacology UPRES EA220, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceMedical Intensive Care Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Pneumology University Paris-Descartes, APHP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Foch Hospital, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, FranceThoracic Surgery, Val d'Or Clinic, Saint-Cloud, FranceDepartment of Biology, Nycomed, Konstanz, Germany
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation reduces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats by interfering with oxidative stress. J Hypertens 2012; 30:315-26. [PMID: 22179086 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834f043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hypertension is associated with increased plasma inflammatory markers such as cytokines and increased vascular cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. The ability of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists to reduce oxidative stress seems to contribute to their anti-inflammatory properties. This study analyzes the effect of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, on interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 expression and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats stimulated with interleukin-1β (10 ng/ml, 24 h) were used. Interleukin-1β increased: 1) COX-2 protein and mRNA levels; 2) protein and mRNA levels of the NADPH oxidase subunit NOX-1, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production; and 3) phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκB) kinase (IKK) nuclear expression of the p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit and cell proliferation, all of which were reduced by apocynin (30 μmol/l). Interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 expression was reduced by apocynin, tempol (10 μmol/l), catalase (1000 U/ml) and lactacystin (5 μmol/l). Moreover, H2O2 (50 μmol/l, 90 min) induced COX-2 expression, which was reduced by lactacystin. Pioglitazone (10 μmol/l) reduced the effects of interleukin-1β on: 1) COX-2 protein and mRNA levels; 2) NOX-1 protein and mRNA levels, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production; and 3) p-IKK, p65 expressions and cell proliferation. Pioglitazone also reduced the H2O2-induced COX-2 expression and increased Cu/Zn and Mn-superoxide dismutase protein expression. PPARγ small interfering RNA (5 nmol/l) further increased interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 and NOX-1 mRNA levels. In addition, pioglitazone increased the interleukin-1β-induced PPARγ mRNA levels. CONCLUSION PPARγ activation with pioglitazone reduces interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 expression by interference with the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB.
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Cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostacyclin protective role on endotoxin-induced mouse cardiomyocyte mortality. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2012; 11:347-56. [PMID: 21769544 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular dysfunction characterizes septic shock, inducing multiple organ failure and a high mortality rate. In the heart, it has been shown an up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions with subsequent overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and eicosanoids. This study is focused on the links between these products of inflammation and cell loss of mouse cardiomyocytes during treatment by the Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in presence or in absence of NOS or COX inhibitors. LPS induced RelA/NF-κB p65 activation, iNOS and COX-2 up-regulations, resulting in NO and prostacyclin releases. These effects were reversed by the NO-synthase inhibitor and increased by the specific COX-2 inhibitor. Immunostainings with FITC-conjugated anti-Annexin-V and propidium iodide and caspase 3/7 activity assay showed that cardiomyocyte necrosis was inhibited by L-NA during LPS treatment challenge, while apoptosis was induced in presence of both LPS and NS-398. No effect on LPS cellular injury was observed using the specific cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor, SC-560. These findings strongly support the hypothesis of a link between iNOS-dependent NO overproduction and LPS-induced cell loss with a selective protective role allotted to COX-2 and deriving prostacyclins.
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Fredenburgh LE, Velandia MMS, Ma J, Olszak T, Cernadas M, Englert JA, Chung SW, Liu X, Begay C, Padera RF, Blumberg RS, Walsh SR, Baron RM, Perrella MA. Cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction and increased mortality during polymicrobial sepsis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5255-67. [PMID: 21967897 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis remains the leading cause of death in critically ill patients, despite modern advances in critical care. Intestinal barrier dysfunction may lead to secondary bacterial translocation and the development of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome during sepsis. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is highly upregulated in the intestine during sepsis, and we hypothesized that it may be critical in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier function during peritonitis-induced polymicrobial sepsis. COX-2(-/-) and COX-2(+/+) BALB/c mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. Mice chimeric for COX-2 were derived by bone marrow transplantation and underwent CLP. C2BBe1 cells, an intestinal epithelial cell line, were treated with the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, PGD(2), or vehicle and stimulated with cytokines. COX-2(-/-) mice developed exaggerated bacteremia and increased mortality compared with COX-2(+/+) mice following CLP. Mice chimeric for COX-2 exhibited the recipient phenotype, suggesting that epithelial COX-2 expression in the ileum attenuates bacteremia following CLP. Absence of COX-2 significantly increased epithelial permeability of the ileum and reduced expression of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in the ileum following CLP. Furthermore, PGD(2) attenuated cytokine-induced hyperpermeability and zonula occludens-1 downregulation in NS-398-treated C2BBe1 cells. Our findings reveal that absence of COX-2 is associated with enhanced intestinal epithelial permeability and leads to exaggerated bacterial translocation and increased mortality during peritonitis-induced sepsis. Taken together, our results suggest that epithelial expression of COX-2 in the ileum is a critical modulator of tight junction protein expression and intestinal barrier function during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in normal and pathological human oral mucosa. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2011; 48:555-63. [PMID: 21478098 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-010-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxigenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins (PGs). Two isoforms of COX have been identified: COX-1 is constitutively expressed in many cells and is involved in cell homeostasis, angiogenesis and cell-cell signalling; COX-2 is not expressed in normal condition however it is strongly expressed in inflammation. The oral cavity is constantly exposed to physical and chemical trauma that could lead to mucosal reactions such as hyperplasia, dysplasia and cancer. Early diagnosis is the most important issue to address for a positive outcome of oral cancer; therefore it would be useful to identify molecular markers whose expression is associated with the various stages of oral cancer progression. Since COX enzyme has been involved, with different mechanisms, in the development and progression of malignancies we decided to investigate the expression and localization of COX-1 and COX-2 in normal human oral mucosa and three different pathologies (hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma) by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. COX-1 mRNA and protein have been detected already in normal oral mucosa and their expression progressively increases from normal samples towards hyperplasia, dysplasia and finally carcinoma. On the contrary, COX-2 is not expressed in the normal tissue, starts to be expressed in hyperplasia, reaches the maximum activation in dysplasia and then starts to be downregulated in carcinoma.
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Cikos S, Fabian D, Makarevich AV, Chrenek P, Koppel J. Biogenic monoamines in preimplantation development. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:2296-305. [PMID: 21771767 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of biogenic monoamines in early ('preneural') embryogenesis has been well documented in lower vertebrates, but much less information is available about the role of these molecules in the earliest stages of development in mammals, including humans. METHODS Databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and Scopus) were searched for studies relating to biogenic monoamines functioning in early embryos. The available data on the expression of histamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptors during mammalian preimplantation development were summarized, and the potential roles of biogenic monoamines in very early pregnancy were discussed. RESULTS The roles of biogenic monoamines in mammalian preimplantation embryo development can be diverse, depending on the embryo developmental stage, and the physiological status of the maternal organism. Several receptors for biogenic monoamines are expressed and biologically functional in cells of preimplantation embryos. Activation of histamine receptors can play a role in embryo implantation and trophoblast invasion. Activation of adrenergic and serotonin receptors can influence proliferation and survival of early embryonic cells. CONCLUSIONS Biogenic monoamines can play an important role in physiological conditions, contributing to embryo-maternal interactions, or can influence the early embryo under unfavorable or pathological conditions (e.g. in maternal stress, or in women taking certain antidepressants, anti-migraine or anti-ulcer drugs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cikos
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia.
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Wen X, Chao C, Ives K, Hellmich MR. Regulation of bombesin-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in prostate cancer cells. BMC Mol Biol 2011; 12:29. [PMID: 21745389 PMCID: PMC3142223 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-12-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the bombesin (BBS)-like peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), have been implicated in the progression of hormone-refractory prostate cancer; however, a mechanistic link between the bioactive peptide and COX-2 expression in prostate cells has not been made. Results We report that BBS stimulates COX-2 mRNA and protein expression, and the release of prostaglandin E2 from the GRP receptor (GRPR)-positive, androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line, PC-3. BBS-stimulated COX-2 expression is mediated, in part, by p38MAPK and PI3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways, and blocked by a GRPR antagonist. The PI3K/Akt pathway couples GRPR to the transcription factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1), and enhanced COX-2 promoter activity. Although BBS stimulates nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) in PC-3, NF-κB does not regulate GRPR-mediated COX-2 expression. The p38MAPK pathway increases BBS-stimulated COX-2 expression by slowing the degradation of COX-2 mRNA. Expression of recombinant GRPR in the androgen-sensitive cell line LNCaP is sufficient to confer BBS-stimulated COX-2 expression via the p38MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Conclusions Our study establishes a mechanistic link between GRPR activation and enhanced COX-2 expression in prostate cancer cell lines, and suggests that inhibiting GRPR may, in the future, provide an effective therapeutic alternative to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for inhibiting COX-2 in patients with recurrent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wen
- Department of Surgery, Univ. of Texas Medical Branch, 301 Univ. Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Peter D, Göggel R, Colbatzky F, Nickolaus P. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 prevents adverse effects induced by phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:415-27. [PMID: 20846137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors such as roflumilast are currently being developed as anti-inflammatory treatments for chronic airway disorders. However, high doses of PDE4 inhibitors have also been linked to several side effects in different animal species, including pro-inflammatory effects in the rat. Here, we analysed PDE4-related toxicological findings in a rat model and how these side effects might be therapeutically prevented. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wistar rats were treated orally once daily with 10 mg·kg⁻¹ roflumilast for 4 days. Macroscopic changes were monitored throughout the study and further parameters were analysed at the end of the experiment on day 5. In addition, the effects of concomitant treatment with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors were assessed. KEY RESULTS Supratherapeutical treatment with roflumilast induced marked body and spleen weight loss, diarrhea, increased secretory activity of the harderian glands, leukocytosis, increased serum cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) levels, and histopathological changes in thymus, spleen, mesentery and mesenteric lymph nodes. All these toxicological findings could be prevented by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and non-selective COX inhibitor, diclofenac, given orally. Similar protective effects could be achieved by the COX-2 selective inhibitor lumiracoxib, whereas the COX-1 selective inhibitor SC-560 was generally not effective. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Treatment with an NSAID inhibiting COX-2 prevents the major effects found after subchronic overdosing with the PDE4-specific inhibitor roflumilast. If this effect translates into humans, such combined treatment may increase the therapeutic window of PDE4 inhibitors, currently under clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Peter
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Ueno T, Fujimori K. Novel suppression mechanism operating in early phase of adipogenesis by positive feedback loop for enhancement of cyclooxygenase-2 expression through prostaglandin F2α receptor mediated activation of MEK/ERK-CREB cascade. FEBS J 2011; 278:2901-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tung WH, Hsieh HL, Lee IT, Yang CM. Enterovirus 71 modulates a COX-2/PGE2/cAMP-dependent viral replication in human neuroblastoma cells: role of the c-Src/EGFR/p42/p44 MAPK/CREB signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:559-70. [PMID: 21268077 PMCID: PMC7166325 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been shown to induce cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression in human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH cells through the action of MAPKs, NF‐κB, and AP‐1. On the other hand, the transcription factor CREB has also been implicated in the expression of COX‐2 in other cell lines. Here, we report that EV71‐induced COX‐2 expression and PGE2 production were both inhibited by pretreatment with the PKA inhibitor H89 or by transfection with CREB siRNA. In addition, EV71‐induced COX‐2 expression and c‐Src/EGFR phosphorylation were both attenuated by transfection with c‐Src siRNA or pretreatment with the inhibitors of c‐Src (PP1) or EGF receptor (EGFR) (AG1478 and EGFR‐neutralizing antibody). We also observed that EV71‐induced p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation was decreased following pretreatment with AG1478. Moreover, EV71‐induced COX‐2 expression was blocked by pretreatment with the p300 inhibitor GR343 or by transfection with p300 siRNA. Using immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we observed that EV71 stimulated the association of CREB and p300 with the COX‐2 promoter region. Notably, we also demonstrated that EV71‐induced COX‐2 expression and PGE2 production promoted viral replication via cAMP signaling. In summary, this study demonstrates that EV71 activates the c‐Src/EGFR/p42/p44 MAPK pathway in human SK‐N‐SH cell, which leads to the activation of CREB/p300, and stimulates COX‐2 expression and PGE2 release. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 559–570, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Tung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Sabatini F, Petecchia L, Boero S, Silvestri M, Klar J, Tenor H, Beume R, Hatzelmann A, Rossi G. A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, roflumilast N-oxide, inhibits human lung fibroblast functions in vitro. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2010; 23:283-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Petrovic N, Murray M. Using N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) to assay cyclooxygenase activity in vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 594:129-140. [PMID: 20072914 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-411-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGH synthase), also known as cyclooxygenase (COX), was identified over 30 years ago and is the key enzyme in the pathway by which arachidonic acid is converted to the range of biologically active lipid mediators known as the prostanoids that participate in numerous physiological processes. The need for the development of new and improved COX inhibitors as potential therapeutics also drives the need for rapid, reliable, and inexpensive assays of COX activity. Colorimetric assays are often the preferred methods of enzyme analysis since they may be readily adapted to simple microplate formats that require relatively inexpensive and widely available instrumentation. The use of N,N,N cent,N cent-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) in high throughput microplate assays of COX activity could become the approach of choice in the screening of potential therapeutics that inhibit COX activity in vivo. Considering that TMPD is also a potential substrate for most, if not all, heme peroxidases, it is anticipated that this agent could find increasing application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Petrovic
- School of Pharmacy, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
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Fernández-Martínez AB, Bajo AM, Valdehita A, Isabel Arenas M, Sánchez-Chapado M, Carmena MJ, Prieto JC. Multifunctional role of VIP in prostate cancer progression in a xenograft model: suppression by curcumin and COX-2 inhibitor NS-398. Peptides 2009; 30:2357-64. [PMID: 19772879 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We used an in vivo model of human experimental prostate cancer in order to shed a new light on the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on tumor growth as well as its pro-metastatic potential in this disease. We used nude mice subcutaneously injected with prostate cancer androgen-independent PC3 cells for 30 days. The regulatory role of VIP on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression as well as on matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 (MMP-2 and 9) activities was examined. A selective COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, and curcumin were used to block VIP effects. Xenografts of VIP-treated PC3 prostate cancer cells in nude mice gave tumors that grew significantly faster than those in the untreated group. It is conceivably a result of both the trophic effect of VIP on prostate cancer cells and the proangiogenic action of the neuropeptide in the growing tumor. We show the overexpression at mRNA and/or protein levels of VIP, its main receptor VPAC(1), the major angiogenic factor VEGF, and the pro-inflammatory enzyme COX-2 as well as the increased activity of MMP-2 and 9 in tumors derived from VIP-treated PC3 cells as compared with control group. The overexpression of the above biomarkers was suppressed in tumors derived from VIP-treated PC3 cells that had been previously incubated with curcumin or NS-398. Thus, the potential therapeutic role of curcumin and selective COX-2 inhibitors in combination with available VIP antagonists should be considered in prostate cancer therapy as supported by their inhibitory activities on tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Xu GL, Liu F, Zhao Y, Ao GZ, Xi L, Ju M, Xue T. Biological Evaluation of 2-(4-Amino-Phenyl)-3-(3,5-Dihydroxylphenyl) Propenoic Acid. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 105:350-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Differential modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory genes in equine monocytes through activation of adenosine A2A receptors. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 134:169-77. [PMID: 19766323 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that has potent receptor-mediated immunomodulatory effects on macrophage/monocyte function. In this study, we determined the effects of an adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist, ATL313, on the expression of mRNAs for four pro-inflammatory mediators, IL-1beta, IL-8, COX-2, and TNF-alpha, and the mRNA and protein for the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 in equine monocytes incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results indicate that ATL313 significantly reduces LPS-induced expression of COX-2 and TNF-alpha, enhances the expression of IL-10 and IL-8, but does not alter the expression of IL-1beta. These effects of ATL313 were reversed by co-incubation with the selective adenosine A(2A) antagonist ZM241385, and were mimicked by the cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP. These differential effects of adenosine A(2A) receptor activation were in contrast to those obtained using the P38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, which nearly abolished all LPS-induced changes in mRNA expression as well as the production of TNF-alpha protein. These findings, which indicate that adenosine A(2A) receptor activation modulates the transcription of several, but not all, pro-inflammatory mediators and exerts a synergistic effect on the induction of at least one anti-inflammatory cytokine, suggest that selective adenosine A(2A) agonists may reduce the early pro-inflammatory effects of endotoxemia in horses.
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