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Zhang H, Yang Y, Cao Y, Guan J. Effects of chronic stress on cancer development and the therapeutic prospects of adrenergic signaling regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116609. [PMID: 38678960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term chronic stress is an important factor in the poor prognosis of cancer patients. Chronic stress reduces the tissue infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by continuously activating the adrenergic signaling, inhibits antitumor immune response and tumor cell apoptosis while also inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor angiogenesis, promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. This review first summarizes how adrenergic signaling activates intracellular signaling by binding different adrenergic receptor (AR) heterodimers. Then, we focused on reviewing adrenergic signaling to regulate multiple functions of immune cells, including cell differentiation, migration, and cytokine secretion. In addition, the article discusses the mechanisms by which adrenergic signaling exerts pro-tumorigenic effects by acting directly on the tumor itself. It also highlights the use of adrenergic receptor modulators in cancer therapy, with particular emphasis on their potential role in immunotherapy. Finally, the article reviews the beneficial effects of stress intervention measures on cancer treatment. We think that enhancing the body's antitumor response by adjusting adrenergic signaling can enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Yuwei Yang
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of OTIR, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of OTIR, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Jingzhi Guan
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
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Baker FL, Smith KA, Mylabathula PL, Zúñiga TM, Diak DM, Batatinha H, Niemiro GM, Seckeler MD, Pedlar CR, O'Connor DP, Colombo J, Katsanis E, Simpson RJ. Exercise-induced β2-adrenergic receptor activation enhances the anti-leukemic activity of expanded γδ T-Cells via DNAM-1 upregulation and PVR/Nectin-2 recognition. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:742987. [PMID: 38592213 PMCID: PMC11090081 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exercise mobilizes cytotoxic lymphocytes to blood which may allow superior cell products to be manufactured for cancer therapy. Gamma-Delta (γδ) T-cells have shown promise for treating solid tumors, but there is a need to increase their potency against hematologic malignancies. Here, we show that human γδ T-cells mobilized to blood in response to just 20-minutes of graded exercise have surface phenotypes and transcriptomic profiles associated with cytotoxicity, adhesion, migration and cytokine signaling. Following 14-days ex vivo expansion with zoledronic acid and interleukin (IL)-2, exercise mobilized γδ T-cells had surface phenotypes and transcriptomic profiles associated with enhanced effector functions, and demonstrated superior cytotoxic activity against multiple hematologic tumors in vitro, and in vivo in leukemia bearing xenogeneic mice. Infusing humans with the β1+β2-agonist isoproterenol and administering β1 or β1+β2 antagonists prior to exercise revealed these effects to be β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) dependent. Antibody blocking of DNAM-1 on expanded γδ T-cells, as well as the DNAM-1 ligands PVR and Nectin-2 on leukemic targets, abolished the enhanced anti-leukemic effects of exercise. These findings provide a mechanistic link between exercise, β2-AR activation, and the manufacture of superior γδ T-cell products for adoptive cell therapy against hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest L. Baker
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kyle A. Smith
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Tiffany M. Zúñiga
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Douglass M. Diak
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Helena Batatinha
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Grace M. Niemiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael D. Seckeler
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Charles R. Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Performance Science, St. Mary's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P. O'Connor
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jamie Colombo
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Yang J, Zhang S, Wu Q, Chen P, Dai Y, Long J, Wu Y, Lin Y. T cell-mediated skin-brain axis: Bridging the gap between psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities. J Autoimmun 2024; 144:103176. [PMID: 38364575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, is often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and other mental disorders. Psychological disorders may also play a role in the development and progression of psoriasis. The intricate interplay between the skin diseases and the psychiatric comorbidities is mediated by the 'skin-brain axis'. Understanding the mechanisms underlying psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities can help improve the efficacy of treatment by breaking the vicious cycle of diseases. T cells and related cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and psychiatric diseases, and are crucial components of the 'skin-brain axis'. Apart from damaging the blood-brain barrier (BBB) directly, T cells and secreted cytokines could interact with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to exacerbate skin diseases or mental disorders. However, few reviews have systematically summarized the roles and mechanisms of T cells in the interaction between psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities. In this review, we discussed several key T cells and their roles in the 'skin-brain axis', with a focus on the mechanisms underlying the interplay between psoriasis and mental commodities, to provide data that might help develop effective strategies for the treatment of both psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qixuan Wu
- Mental Health Services, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktow, NSW, 2148, Australia
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Junhao Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
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Fiuza-Luces C, Valenzuela PL, Gálvez BG, Ramírez M, López-Soto A, Simpson RJ, Lucia A. The effect of physical exercise on anticancer immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:282-293. [PMID: 37794239 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity is associated with lower cancer incidence and mortality, as well as with a lower rate of tumour recurrence. The epidemiological evidence is supported by preclinical studies in animal models showing that regular exercise delays the progression of cancer, including highly aggressive malignancies. Although the mechanisms underlying the antitumorigenic effects of exercise remain to be defined, an improvement in cancer immunosurveillance is likely important, with different immune cell subtypes stimulated by exercise to infiltrate tumours. There is also evidence that immune cells from blood collected after an exercise bout could be used as adoptive cell therapy for cancer. In this Perspective, we address the importance of muscular activity for maintaining a healthy immune system and discuss the effects of a single bout of exercise (that is, 'acute' exercise) and those of 'regular' exercise (that is, repeated bouts) on anticancer immunity, including tumour infiltrates. We also address the postulated mechanisms and the clinical implications of this emerging area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- Systems Biology Department, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez
- Oncohematology Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- La Princesa Institute of Heah, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Asturias, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain.
| | - Richard J Simpson
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain.
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Hanson ED, Sakkal S, Bates-Fraser LC, Que S, Cho E, Spielmann G, Kadife E, Violet JA, Battaglini CL, Stoner L, Bartlett DB, McConell GK, Hayes A. Acute exercise induces distinct quantitative and phenotypical T cell profiles in men with prostate cancer. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1173377. [PMID: 37325799 PMCID: PMC10266416 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1173377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced testosterone levels can influence immune system function, particularly T cells. Exercise during cancer reduces treatment-related side effects and provide a stimulus to mobilize and redistribute immune cells. However, it is unclear how conventional and unconventional T cells (UTC) respond to acute exercise in prostate cancer survivors compared to healthy controls. Methods Age-matched prostate cancer survivors on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and those without ADT (PCa) along with non-cancer controls (CON) completed ∼45 min of intermittent cycling with 3 min at 60% of peak power interspersed by 1.5 min of rest. Fresh, unstimulated immune cell populations and intracellular perforin were assessed before (baseline), immediately following (0 h), 2 h, and 24 h post-exercise. Results At 0 h, conventional T cell counts increased by 45%-64% with no differences between groups. T cell frequency decreased by -3.5% for CD3+ and -4.5% for CD4+ cells relative to base at 0 h with CD8+ cells experiencing a delayed decrease of -4.5% at 2 h with no group differences. Compared to CON, the frequency of CD8+CD57+ cells was -18.1% lower in ADT. Despite a potential decrease in maturity, ADT increased CD8+perforin+ GMFI. CD3+Vα7.2+CD161+ counts, but not frequencies, increased by 69% post-exercise while CD3+CD56+ cell counts increased by 127% and were preferentially mobilized (+1.7%) immediately following the acute cycling bout. There were no UTC group differences. Cell counts and frequencies returned to baseline by 24 h. Conclusion Following acute exercise, prostate cancer survivors demonstrate normal T cell and UTC responses that were comparable to CON. Independent of exercise, ADT is associated with lower CD8+ cell maturity (CD57) and perforin frequency that suggests a less mature phenotype. However, higher perforin GMFI may attenuate these changes, with the functional implications of this yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D. Hanson
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren C. Bates-Fraser
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shadney Que
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eunhan Cho
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Elif Kadife
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John A. Violet
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudio L. Battaglini
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David B. Bartlett
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn K. McConell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine—Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Effects on Spirulina Supplementation on Immune Cells' Parameters of Elite College Athletes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204346. [PMID: 36297029 PMCID: PMC9612057 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify the effect of spirulina supplementation on the immune cells’ indicators of young soccer players during the preparation period of a tournament. Methods: 39 undergraduate male soccer players were recruited and randomly allocated into a spirulina supplementation group (SP group, n = 20) and the placebo supplementation group (PB group, n = 19). Their elbow venous blood samples were collected before and after the preparation period of a tournament, which included 8 weeks total. The differences within the group and between groups were recorded and analyzed. Results: The ratio of the basophils in the SP group between the pre-test and post-test were statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). In the PB group, the percentage of before and after in leukocytes and monocytes were statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). In the data of the post-test, the percentage of monocytes and basophils between the SP group and PB group were statistically significantly different. The delta variations of monocytes between groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Intense long-duration exercise can reduce the ratio of leukocytes and monocytes in young athletes, yet the spirulina supplement can inhibit the change. It also might improve immunity to parasites, pathogenic bacterium, and rapid-onset allergies.
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Robinson H, Jarrett P, Vedhara K, Tarlton J, Whiting C, Law M, Broadbent E. The effect of expressive writing on wound healing: Immunohistochemistry analysis of skin tissue two weeks after punch biopsy wounding. J Psychosom Res 2022; 161:110987. [PMID: 35917660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of expressive writing and its timing (pre or post wounding) on re-epithelialisation and leucocyte subsets within healing tissue. We previously showed expressive writing pre-wounding improved re-epithelialisation. Here we investigate cellular processes in the wound. METHODS In a 2(writing content) x 2(writing timing) randomized trial, 122 participants were randomized to perform either expressive or control writing, before or after a 4 mm punch biopsy wound. On day 14 post-wounding, participants had a 5 mm punch biopsy of the initial wound. Seven of 16 primary registered outcomes were analysed, including re-epithelialisation from two photographs of the 4 mm biopsy (previously reported). This paper reports immunohistochemistry analysis of five primary outcomes - Langerhans cells, immune cell activation (HLA and CD3+), and macrophages (CD68 and MPO) - in the 5 mm biopsies in a random sample of 96 participants. RESULTS Participants who performed either writing task pre-wounding had greater Langerhans cell infiltration, than those who wrote post-wounding (F(1,85) = 7.86, p = .006, ηp2 = 0.08). Those who performed expressive writing also had greater Langerhans cell infiltration than those who performed control writing (F(1,85) = 4.00, p = .049, ηp2 = 0.04). There were no significant group or interaction effects on immune cell activation or macrophages. Healed wounds on day 10 had lower levels of macrophages (z = -1.96, p = .050), and CD3+ cells (z = -1.99, p = .046) than non-healed wounds. CONCLUSION Langerhans cells in the healing skin are affected by the timing and topic of writing. More research is needed to further explore timing and corroborate these results. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Registered at https://www.anzctr.org.au/ (Trial ID: ACTRN12614000971639).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Robinson
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92109, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Paul Jarrett
- Department of Dermatology, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Private Bag 93311, Otahuhu, Auckland 1640, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92109, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kavita Vedhara
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - John Tarlton
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Christine Whiting
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Mikaela Law
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92109, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Broadbent
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92109, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Gašparini D, Kavazović I, Barković I, Maričić V, Ivaniš V, Samsa DT, Peršić V, Polić B, Turk Wensveen T, Wensveen FM. Extreme anaerobic exercise causes reduced cytotoxicity and increased cytokine production by peripheral blood lymphocytes. Immunol Lett 2022; 248:45-55. [PMID: 35709930 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has many beneficial effects for our body, but can become detrimental at high intensity, especially for our immune system. Little is known about the underlying mechanism of impaired immune functionality under conditions of intense physical strain. Freedivers, people who dive to high depths on a single breath, perform extreme exercise under anaerobic conditions. In this study, we investigated the impact of freediving on the cytotoxic arm of the immune system. At rest, elite freedivers did not display changes in their immunological profile compared to non-diving controls. In contrast, after a freedive, granzyme B and IL-2 production were reduced, whereas IFNγ and TNF secretion were increased by cytotoxic immune cells. Using in vitro models mimicking freedive conditions, we could show that hypoxia in combination with stress hyperglycemia had a negative impact on Granzyme B secretion, whereas IL-2 production was inhibited by stress hormones. Our findings suggest that in response to extreme exercise, cytotoxic immune cells transiently change their functional profile to limit tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Gašparini
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, Rijeka 51000, Croatia; Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Cardiometabolism, Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Heart, Lung and Rheumatic Diseases Thalassotherapia Opatija, Opatija, Croatia
| | - Inga Kavazović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Igor Barković
- Center for Research and Education in Underwater, Hyperbaric and Maritime Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vitomir Maričić
- International Association for the Development of Apnea, Croatia
| | - Viktor Ivaniš
- Clinic for Heart and Blood Vessels, Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Heart, Lung and Rheumatic Diseases Thalassotherapia Opatija, Opatija, Croatia
| | - Dijana Travica Samsa
- Clinic for Heart and Blood Vessels, Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Heart, Lung and Rheumatic Diseases Thalassotherapia Opatija, Opatija, Croatia; Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Viktor Peršić
- Clinic for Heart and Blood Vessels, Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Heart, Lung and Rheumatic Diseases Thalassotherapia Opatija, Opatija, Croatia; Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Bojan Polić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Tamara Turk Wensveen
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Cardiometabolism, Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Heart, Lung and Rheumatic Diseases Thalassotherapia Opatija, Opatija, Croatia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Clinic for Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.
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9
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Graff RM, Jennings K, LaVoy ECP, Warren VE, Macdonald BW, Park Y, Markofski MM. T-cells in response to acute cardiorespiratory or resistance exercise in physically active or physically inactive older adults: A randomized crossover study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:119-129. [PMID: 35616304 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00301.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cells often undergo age-related changes, but regular exercise training may offset these age-related changes. However, the majority of literature is derived from cardiorespiratory exercise studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute cardiorespiratory exercise and acute resistance exercise on the T-cell response among physically active older adults (PA) compared to physically inactive older adults (PI). METHODS Twenty-four healthy older adults (PA n=12; PI n=12; mean ± SD; age (yrs) PA 62 ± 5, PI 64 ± 5; BMI (kg/m2) PA 23.9 ± 3.0, PI 25.6 ± 3.5) completed one bout each of matched intensity cardiorespiratory exercise and resistance exercise in a randomized order. Blood samples drawn pre-exercise, post-exercise, and 1h post-exercise (recovery) were analyzed by flow cytometry for T-cells and T-cell subsets. RESULTS Resistance exercise mobilized more T-cell subsets in PI (10 of the measured types, including total T-cells; CD45RA+ CD62L+, CD45RA- CD62L+, CD45RA- CD62L-, and CD45RA+ CD62L- T-cells), whereas cardiorespiratory exercise mobilized more subsets in PA (CD45RA+ CD62L- and CD57+ CD45RA+ CD62L- CD4+ T-cells). Both cardiorespiratory exercise and resistance exercise elicited a significant (p<0.05) mobilization of highly-differentiated (CD45RA+ CD62L-; CD57+ CD45RA+ CD62L-) CD8+ T-cells into the circulation post-exercise in both PA and PI groups. Furthermore, cardiorespiratory exercise resulted in a decrease in the number of circulating Th17 cells post-exercise, while resistance exercise increased Th17 cell mobilization compared to the cardiorespiratory exercise response. CONCLUSION There are differences between cardiorespiratory exercise and resistance exercise on the immune responses of T-cells, particularly in PI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Graff
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kristofer Jennings
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Emily C P LaVoy
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Victoria E Warren
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brad W Macdonald
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melissa M Markofski
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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10
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Polymorphonuclear leucocyte phagocytic function, γδ T-lymphocytes and testosterone as separate stress-responsive markers of prolonged, high-intensity training programs. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 13:100234. [PMID: 34589749 PMCID: PMC8474673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive exercise with limited recovery may lead to detrimental states of overreaching or the overtraining syndrome. Chronic maladaptation in endocrine and immune mechanisms occur with the incidence of these states. Exercise-induced cortisol and testosterone responses have been proposed as biomarkers of overreaching, with blunted responses following intensified-training periods. Yet, limited information on the effects of overreaching in immunity is available. Healthy individuals completed a 30-min running protocol (the RPETP) before and after a 12-day intensified-training period. Blood and saliva were collected before, after and 30min after RPETP at pre-training and post-training. Plasma and salivary cortisol and testosterone, leucocyte proliferation and polymorphonuclear leucocyte phagocytic activity were examined. Plasma and salivary cortisol were acutely unaffected pre-training (-14% and 0%, p > 0.05) and post-training (-14% and +46%, p > 0.05). Comparing pre-training with post-training, blunted responses were observed in plasma testosterone (43%-19%, p < 0.05) and salivary testosterone (55%-24%, p > 0.05). No acute or resting changes in total leucocyte counts or most leucocyte subsets occurred pre-training or post-training. Yet, a 194% acute elevation in γδ T-lymphocyte number occurred pre-training (p < 0.05), and average resting concentrations were 174% higher post-training. Baseline phagocytic activity was 47% lower post-training (p < 0.05). Intensified training was detrimental, significantly reducing phagocytic activity. Testosterone blunted post-training, indicating an excessive training-related hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal dysfunction. The γδ T-lymphocytes sensitivity to exercise was noted, rendering it as a potential stress-responsive cellular marker. The usefulness of the RPETP to track the onset of overreaching is proposed.
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11
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Simpson RJ, Boßlau TK, Weyh C, Niemiro GM, Batatinha H, Smith KA, Krüger K. Exercise and adrenergic regulation of immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:303-318. [PMID: 34302965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has a profound impact on immunity, exerting a multitude of positive effects in indications such as immunosenescence, cancer, viral infections and inflammatory diseases. The immune, endocrine and central nervous systems work in a highly synergistic manner and it has become apparent that catecholamine signaling through leukocyte β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) is a key mechanism by which exercise mediates improvements in immune function to help mitigate numerous disease conditions. Central to this is the preferential mobilization and redistribution of effector lymphocytes with potent anti-viral and anti-tumor activity, their interaction with muscle-derived cytokines, and the effects of catecholamine signaling on mitochondrial biogenesis, immunometabolism and the resulting inflammatory response. Here, we review the impact of acute and chronic exercise on adrenergic regulation of immunity in the context of aging, cancer, viral infections and inflammatory disease. We also put forth our contention that exercise interventions designed to improve immunity, prevent disease and reduce inflammation should consider the catecholamine-AR signaling axis as a therapeutic target and ask whether or not the adrenergic signaling machinery can be 'trained' to improve immune responses to stress, disease or during the normal physiological process of aging. Finally, we discuss potential strategies to augment leukocyte catecholamine signaling to boost the effects of exercise on immunity in individuals with desensitized β-ARs or limited exercise tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Simpson
- University of Arizona, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Immunobiology, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Tim K Boßlau
- University of Gießen, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christopher Weyh
- University of Gießen, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Gießen, Germany
| | - Grace M Niemiro
- University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Helena Batatinha
- University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kyle A Smith
- University of Arizona, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Karsten Krüger
- University of Gießen, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Gießen, Germany.
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12
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Latour E, Arlet J, Latour EE, Juszkiewicz A, Łuczkowska K, Marcinkiewicz A, Basta P, Trzeciak J, Machaliński B, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. Standardized astragalus extract for attenuation of the immunosuppression induced by strenuous physical exercise: randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:57. [PMID: 34271953 PMCID: PMC8285774 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper aimed to verify how a supplementation of rower’s diet with Astragalus Membranaceus Root (AMR) modulated their immune system response to maximal physical exertion. Methods The double-blind study included 18 members of the Polish Rowing Team assigned to the supplemented group (n = 10), and the placebo group (n = 8). The participants performed a 2000 m test on a rowing ergometer at the beginning and at the end of the six-week of intensive training camp during which the supplemented group received 500 mg of AMR. Blood samples were obtained prior to, 1 min after completing, and 24 h after the exertion test. The levels of interleukin 2 (IL2), interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 10 (IL10), interferon ɤ (IFN-ɣ), and lactic acid were determined. Subpopulations of T regulatory lymphocytes [CD4+/CD25+/CD127−] (Treg), cytotoxic lymphocytes [CD8+/TCRαβ+] (CTL), natural killer cells [CD3−/CD16+/CD56+] (NK), and TCRδγ-positive cells (Tδγ) were determined with flow cytometry. Results After the camp, the initial NK and Treg levels sustained at the baseline, while Tδγ counts increased relative to the levels in the placebo group. In the supplemented subgroup, a decrease in IL2 level in reaction to maximal exertion clearly deepened while the change in IL-2/IL-10 level induced by the recovery after this exertion clearly increased, relative to the changes in the placebo group. Conclusions AMR restored the immunological balance in strenuously trained athlets through a stabilization of NK and Treg cells with a positive trend in Tδγ towards Th1 response during restitution by cytokine IL2 modulation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12970-021-00425-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Latour
- University of Physical Education in Poznań, Branch in Gorzów Wlkp, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jaroslaw Arlet
- University of Physical Education in Poznań, Branch in Gorzów Wlkp, Poznań, Poland
| | - Emilia E Latour
- University of Physical Education in Poznań, Branch in Gorzów Wlkp, Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur Juszkiewicz
- University of Physical Education in Poznań, Branch in Gorzów Wlkp, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anita Marcinkiewicz
- University of Physical Education in Poznań, Branch in Gorzów Wlkp, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Basta
- University of Physical Education in Poznań, Branch in Gorzów Wlkp, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Trzeciak
- University of Physical Education in Poznań, Branch in Gorzów Wlkp, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204, Szczecin, Poland
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13
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Natural Killer Cell Mobilization in Breast and Prostate Cancer Survivors: The Implications of Altered Stress Hormones Following Acute Exercise. ENDOCRINES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines2020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells from the innate immune system are integral to overall immunity and also in managing the tumor burden during cancer. Breast (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) are the most common tumors in U.S. adults. Both BCa and PCa are frequently treated with hormone suppression therapies that are associated with numerous adverse effects including direct effects on the immune system. Regular exercise is recommended for cancer survivors to reduce side effects and improve quality of life. Acute exercise is a potent stimulus for NK cells in healthy individuals with current evidence indicating that NK mobilization in individuals with BCa and PCa is comparable. NK cell mobilization results from elevations in shear stress and catecholamine levels. Despite a normal NK cell response to exercise, increases in epinephrine are attenuated in BCa and PCa. The significance of this potential discrepancy still needs to be determined. However, alterations in adrenal hormone signaling are hypothesized to be due to chronic stress during cancer treatment. Additional compensatory factors induced by exercise are reviewed along with recommendations on standardized approaches to be used in exercise immunology studies involving oncology populations.
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14
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Hanson ED, Bates LC, Bartlett DB, Campbell JP. Does exercise attenuate age- and disease-associated dysfunction in unconventional T cells? Shining a light on overlooked cells in exercise immunology. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1815-1834. [PMID: 33822261 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional T Cells (UTCs) are a unique population of immune cells that links innate and adaptive immunity. Following activation, UTCs contribute to a host of immunological activities, rapidly responding to microbial and viral infections and playing key roles in tumor suppression. Aging and chronic disease both have been shown to adversely affect UTC numbers and function, with increased inflammation, change in body composition, and physical inactivity potentially contributing to the decline. One possibility to augment circulating UTCs is through increased physical activity. Acute exercise is a potent stimulus leading to the mobilization of immune cells while the benefits of exercise training may include anti-inflammatory effects, reductions in fat mass, and improved fitness. We provide an overview of age-related changes in UTCs, along with chronic diseases that are associated with altered UTC number and function. We summarize how UTCs respond to acute exercise and exercise training and discuss potential mechanisms that may lead to improved frequency and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Lauren C Bates
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David B Bartlett
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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15
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Exercise-Induced Changes in Tumor Growth via Tumor Immunity. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9040046. [PMID: 33808154 PMCID: PMC8065770 DOI: 10.3390/sports9040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity in the tumor microenvironment plays a central role in tumor development. Cytotoxic immune cells act against tumors, while tumors manage to trigger immunosuppressive mechanisms for defense. One bout of physical exercise acutely regulates the immune system inducing short-term redistribution of immune cells among body organs. Repeated acute immune cell mobilization with continuing exercise training results in long-term adaptations. These long-term exercise-induced changes in the immune system arise both in healthy and in diseased populations, including cancer patients. Recent preclinical studies indicate that physical exercise may have a positive impact on intra-tumoral immune cell processes, resulting in tumor suppression. This short narrative review describes the effect of physical exercise on tumor growth as detected via changes in tumor immunity. Research evidence shows that exercise may improve tumor-suppressive functions and may reduce tumor-progressive responses and mechanisms of immune cells, controlling tumor development. Specifically, it seems that exercise in rodents triggers shifts in tumor infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, cytotoxic and regulatory T lymphocytes, resulting in tumor suppression. These recent promising data suggest that physical exercise could be combined with anticancer immunotherapies, although exercise parameters like intensity, duration, and frequency need to be evaluated in more detail. More research is needed to investigate the effect of exercise in other immune cell subtypes and their possible connection with tumor growth, whilst information from human tumors is also required.
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16
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Kunz HE, Agha NH, Hussain M, LaVoy EC, Smith KA, Mylabathula P, Diak D, Baker FL, O'Connor DP, Bond RA, Katsanis E, Bollard CM, Simpson RJ. The effects of β 1 and β 1+2 adrenergic receptor blockade on the exercise-induced mobilization and ex vivo expansion of virus-specific T cells: implications for cellular therapy and the anti-viral immune effects of exercise. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:993-1012. [PMID: 32779001 PMCID: PMC7591642 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of donor-derived virus-specific T cells (VSTs) is an effective treatment for infections following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Acute exercise mobilizes effector lymphocytes and VSTs to the circulation and augments the ex vivo manufacture of VSTs. This study determined if β2 adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling precipitated the VST response to acute exercise. Healthy participants (n = 12) completed 30 min of steady-state cycling exercise after ingesting a placebo, a β1 + 2 AR antagonist (nadolol) or a β1 AR antagonist (bisoprolol). Circulating VSTs to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and adenovirus (AdV) antigens were enumerated before and after exercise, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with viral peptides for 8 days to expand multi-VSTs. Compared with placebo, nadolol blunted the exercise-induced mobilization of CMV-VSTs (Δ VSTs/100,000 CD3+ T cells = 93 ± 104 vs. 22 ± 91 for placebo and nadolol, respectively; p = 0.036), while bisoprolol did not, despite both drugs evoking similar reductions in exercising heart rate and blood pressure. Circulating AdV and EBV VSTs (VSTs/mL blood) only increased after exercise with placebo. Although not significant, nadolol partially mitigated exercise-induced increases in multi-VST expansion, particularly in participants that demonstrated an exercise-induced increase in VST expansion. We conclude that exercise-induced enhancements in VST mobilization and expansion are at least partially β2 AR mediated, thus highlighting a role for the β2 AR in targeted therapy for the augmentation of VST immune cell therapeutics in the allogeneic adoptive transfer setting. Moreover, long-term regular exercise may provide additional viral protection in the host through frequent β2 AR-dependent mobilization and redistribution of VSTs cumulated with each bout of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawley E Kunz
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nadia H Agha
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maryam Hussain
- Merced Experimental Social and Health Psychology Laboratory, Stress and Health Laboratory, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Emily C LaVoy
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle A Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Douglass Diak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Forrest L Baker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel P O'Connor
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Bond
- College of Pharmacy, Science and Engineering Research Center, The University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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17
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Pero R, Brancaccio M, Mennitti C, Gentile L, Franco A, Laneri S, De Biasi MG, Pagliuca C, Colicchio R, Salvatore P, D’Alicandro G, Terracciano D, Cennamo M, La Civita E, Liotti A, Mazzaccara C, Frisso G, Lombardo B, Scudiero O. HNP-1 and HBD-1 as Biomarkers for the Immune Systems of Elite Basketball Athletes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060306. [PMID: 32517339 PMCID: PMC7345027 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute or strenuous exercise is sometimes related to upper respiratory tract infections in athletes. Practicing intense and regular exercise can lead to incorrect activation of the immune system, causing athletes to be excluded from training programs and competitions. Defensins are small antimicrobial peptides that are part of the innate immune system and dynamically involved in several biological activities. In this study, we highlight the role of human defensins in competitive basketball athletes. In particular, we consider the behavior of alpha- and beta-defensins together with white blood cells in a cohort of players. Moreover, we focus our attention on cortisol, a physiological indicator of stress, and testosterone, both of which are human hormones involved in muscle metabolism. The free-testosterone/cortisol ratio is considered to be an indicator of overtraining among athletes. This paper provides an up-to-date information of the role of human defensins as self-defense molecules during a continuous stressor such as long-term exercise, and it recognizes them as potential markers of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (O.S.); Tel.: +39-339-459-6163 (R.P.); +39-339-613-9908 (O.S.)
| | - Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
| | - Luca Gentile
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Adelaide Franco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (S.L.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (S.L.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Margherita G. De Biasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (S.L.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni D’Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (M.C.); (E.L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Michele Cennamo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (M.C.); (E.L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Evelina La Civita
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (M.C.); (E.L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (M.C.); (E.L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (O.S.); Tel.: +39-339-459-6163 (R.P.); +39-339-613-9908 (O.S.)
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18
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Gilicze O, Simon D, Farkas N, Lantos M, Jancso G, Berki T, Lenard L. Characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations and cardiovascular markers in pericardial fluid of cardiac surgery patients. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:579-590. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-190594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Gilicze
- Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Diana Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mate Lantos
- Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabor Jancso
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Timea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Lenard
- Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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19
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Baker FL, Bigley AB, Agha NH, Pedlar CR, O'Connor DP, Bond RA, Bollard CM, Katsanis E, Simpson RJ. Systemic β-Adrenergic Receptor Activation Augments the ex vivo Expansion and Anti-Tumor Activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T-Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3082. [PMID: 32038628 PMCID: PMC6993603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TCR-gamma delta (γδ) T-cells are considered important players in the graft-vs.-tumor effect following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) and have emerged as candidates for adoptive transfer immunotherapy in the treatment of both solid and hematological tumors. Systemic β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activation has been shown to mobilize TCR-γδ T-cells to the blood, potentially serving as an adjuvant for alloHCT and TCR-γδ T-cell therapy. We investigated if systemic β-AR activation, using acute dynamic exercise as an experimental model, can increase the mobilization, ex vivo expansion, and anti-tumor activity of TCR-γδ T-cells isolated from the blood of healthy humans. We also sought to investigate the β-AR subtypes involved, by administering a preferential β1-AR antagonist (bisoprolol) and a non-preferential β1 + β2-AR antagonist (nadolol) prior to exercise as part of a randomized placebo controlled cross-over experiment. We found that exercise mobilized TCR-γδ cells to blood and augmented their ex vivo expansion by ~182% compared to resting blood when stimulated with IL-2 and ZOL for 14-days. Exercise also increased the proportion of CD56+, NKG2D+/CD62L-, CD158a/b/e+ and NKG2A- cells among the expanded TCR-γδ cells, and increased their cytotoxic activity against several tumor target cells (K562, U266, 221.AEH) in vitro by 40-60%. Blocking NKG2D on TCR-γδ cells in vitro eliminated the augmented cytotoxic effects of exercise against U266 target cells. Furthermore, administering a β1 + β2-AR (nadolol), but not a β1-AR (bisoprolol) antagonist prior to exercise abrogated the exercise-induced enhancement in TCR-γδ T-cell mobilization and ex vivo expansion. Furthermore, nadolol completely abrogated while bisoprolol partially inhibited the exercise-induced increase in the cytotoxic activity of the expanded TCR-γδ T-cells. We conclude that acute systemic β-AR activation in healthy donors markedly augments the mobilization, ex vivo expansion, and anti-tumor activity of TCR-γδ T-cells and that some of these effects are due to β2-AR signaling and phenotypic shifts that promote a dominant activating signal via NKG2D. These findings highlight β-ARs as potential targets to favorably alter the composition of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell grafts and improve the potency of TCR-γδ T-cell immune cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest L. Baker
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Austin B. Bigley
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nadia H. Agha
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Charles R. Pedlar
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P. O'Connor
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard A. Bond
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Catherine M. Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System and the George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Buss LA, Dachs GU. Effects of Exercise on the Tumour Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1225:31-51. [PMID: 32030646 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that exercise improves survival in cancer patients. However, much is still unknown regarding the mechanisms of this positive survival effect and there are indications that exercise may not be universally beneficial for cancer patients. The key to understanding in which situations exercise is beneficial may lie in understanding its influence on the tumour microenvironment (TME)-and conversely, the influence of the tumour on physical functioning. The TME consists of a vast multitude of different cell types, mechanical and chemical stressors and humoral factors. The interplay of these different components greatly influences tumour cell characteristics and, subsequently, tumour growth rate and aggression. Exercise exerts whole-body physiological effects and can directly and indirectly affect the TME. In this chapter, we first discuss the possible role of exercise capacity ('fitness') and exercise adaptability on tumour responsiveness to exercise. We summarise how exercise affects aspects of the TME such as tumour perfusion, vascularity, hypoxia (reduced oxygenation) and immunity. Additionally, we discuss the role of myokines and other circulating factors in eliciting these changes in the TME. Finally, we highlight unanswered questions and key areas for future research in exercise oncology and the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Buss
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabi U Dachs
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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21
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Zheng JJ, Pena Calderin E, Hill BG, Bhatnagar A, Hellmann J. Exercise Promotes Resolution of Acute Inflammation by Catecholamine-Mediated Stimulation of Resolvin D1 Biosynthesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3013-3022. [PMID: 31653685 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which regular exercise prevents the development and progression of chronic inflammatory diseases are largely unknown. We find that exercise enhances resolution of acute inflammation by augmenting resolvin D1 (RvD1) levels and by promoting macrophage phagocytosis. When compared with sedentary controls, mice that performed a four-week treadmill exercise regimen displayed higher macrophage phagocytic activity, enhanced RvD1 levels, and earlier neutrophil clearance following an acute inflammatory challenge. In acute inflammatory cell extracts from exercised mice, we found elevated expression of Alox15 and Alox5 and higher RvD1 levels. Because exercise stimulates release of epinephrine, which has immunomodulatory effects, we questioned whether epinephrine exerts proresolving actions on macrophages. Epinephrine-treated macrophages displayed higher RvD1 levels and 15-lipoxygenase-1 protein abundance, which were prevented by incubation with the α1 adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) antagonist prazosin. Likewise, stimulation of the α1-AR with phenylephrine enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and RvD1 production. During acute inflammation, prazosin abrogated exercise-enhanced neutrophil clearance, macrophage phagocytosis, and RvD1 biosynthesis. These results suggest that exercise-stimulated epinephrine enhances resolution of acute inflammation in an α1-AR-dependent manner. To our knowledge, our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the proresolving effects of exercise that could lead to the identification of novel pathways to stimulate resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Juan Zheng
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Ernesto Pena Calderin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Jason Hellmann
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
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Comparison of Selected CD45 + Cell Subsets' Response and Cytokine Levels on Exhaustive Effort Among Soccer Players. J Med Biochem 2019; 38:256-267. [PMID: 31156335 PMCID: PMC6534948 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2018-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunological alterations may led to the reduction in capacity and endurance levels in elite athletes by e.g. increased susceptibility to infections. There is a need to explain the impact of intensive physical effort on the CD4+ memory T cell subsets. Methods Fourteen participants median aged 19 years old (range 17–21 years) were recruited form Pogoń Szczecin S.A., soccer club. They performed progressive efficiency test on mechanical treadmill until exhaustion twice: during preparatory phases to spring and autumn competition rounds. We examined the influence of exhaustive effort on the selected CD45+, especially CD4+ memory T cell subsets and inflammation markers determined before, just after the test and during recovery time. Results Significant changes in total CD45+ cells and decrease in T lymphocytes percentage after the run was observed. Significant fluctuations in T cells’ distribution were related not only to the changes in Th or Tc subsets but also to increase in naïve T cell percentage during recovery. Increase in TNF-α and IL-8 post-exercise, IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels in recovery was also found. Conclusions The novel finding of our study is that the run performed on mechanical treadmill caused a significant release of CD4+ T naïve cells into circulation. Post-exercise increase in circulating NK cells is related with fast biological response to maximal effort. However, at the same time an alternative mechanism enhancing inflammation is involved.
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23
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Xiao C, Wu M, Liu J, Gu J, Jiao X, Lu D, He J, Lin C, Xue Y, Fu T, Wang H, Wang G, Yang X, Li Z. Acute tobacco smoke exposure exacerbates the inflammatory response to corneal wounds in mice via the sympathetic nervous system. Commun Biol 2019; 2:33. [PMID: 30701198 PMCID: PMC6345828 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to tobacco smoke is a major public health concern that can also affect ophthalmic health. Based on previous work demonstrating the important role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in corneal wound repair, we postulated that acute tobacco smoke exposure (ATSE) may act through the SNS in the impairment of corneal wound repair. Here we find that ATSE rapidly increases the markers of inflammatory response in normal corneal limbi. After an abrasion injury, ATSE exaggerates inflammation, impairs wound repair, and enhances the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and inflammatory molecules such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17. We find that chemical SNS sympathectomy, local adrenergic receptor antagonism, NF-κB1 inactivation, and IL-6/IL-17A neutralization can all independently attenuate ATSE-induced excessive inflammatory responses and alleviate their impairment of the healing process. These findings highlight that the SNS may represent a major molecular sensor and mediator of ATSE-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengju Xiao
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjuan Wu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Gu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingxin He
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuipei Lin
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Section of Leukocyte Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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Lombardi G, Ziemann E, Banfi G. Physical Activity and Bone Health: What Is the Role of Immune System? A Narrative Review of the Third Way. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:60. [PMID: 30792697 PMCID: PMC6374307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue can be seen as a physiological hub of several stimuli of different origin (e.g., dietary, endocrine, nervous, immune, skeletal muscle traction, biomechanical load). Their integration, at the bone level, results in: (i) changes in mineral and protein composition and microarchitecture and, consequently, in shape and strength; (ii) modulation of calcium and phosphorous release into the bloodstream, (iii) expression and release of hormones and mediators able to communicate the current bone status to the rest of the body. Different stimuli are able to act on either one or, as usual, more levels. Physical activity is the key stimulus for bone metabolism acting in two ways: through the biomechanical load which resolves into a direct stimulation of the segment(s) involved and through an indirect load mediated by muscle traction onto the bone, which is the main physiological stimulus for bone formation, and the endocrine stimulation which causes homeostatic adaptation. The third way, in which physical activity is able to modify bone functions, passes through the immune system. It is known that immune function is modulated by physical activity; however, two recent insights have shed new light on this modulation. The first relies on the discovery of inflammasomes, receptors/sensors of the innate immunity that regulate caspase-1 activation and are, hence, the tissue triggers of inflammation in response to infections and/or stressors. The second relies on the ability of certain tissues, and particularly skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, to synthesize and secrete mediators (namely, myokines and adipokines) able to affect, profoundly, the immune function. Physical activity is known to act on both these mechanisms and, hence, its effects on bone are also mediated by the immune system activation. Indeed, that immune system and bone are tightly connected and inflammation is pivotal in determining the bone metabolic status is well-known. The aim of this narrative review is to give a complete view of the exercise-dependent immune system-mediated effects on bone metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Lombardi
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Jones AW, Davison G. Exercise, Immunity, and Illness. MUSCLE AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7149380 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814593-7.00015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that moderate amounts of exercise improve immune system functions and hence reduce the risk of infection whereas athletes engaged in regular prolonged and/or intensive training have a higher than “normal” incidence of minor infections, especially of the upper respiratory tract (URT, e.g., common cold and influenza). This is likely related to regular acute (and possibly chronic) periods of exercise-induced changes in immune function. URT infections can compromise performance directly if suffered shortly before or during competition or indirectly if suffered at other times via effects on training and/or physiological adaptations. This chapter covers the effects of exercise (acute and chronic), both positive and negative, on immune function and consequent infection risk, and considers the current state-of-the-art for monitoring and assessing this in athletes.
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β 2-Adrenergic receptor signaling mediates the preferential mobilization of differentiated subsets of CD8+ T-cells, NK-cells and non-classical monocytes in response to acute exercise in humans. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:143-153. [PMID: 30172948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exercise preferentially mobilizes cytotoxic T-cells, NK-cells and non-classical monocytes to the bloodstream under the influence of hemodynamic forces and/or β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) signaling. However, the relative contribution of these mechanisms to the redeployment of the most exercise-responsive cell types is largely unknown. We determined the lymphocyte and monocyte subtypes mobilized to blood during exercise via β2-AR signaling whilst controlling for β1-AR mediated reductions in hemodynamic forces. In a randomized, double blind, complete cross-over design, 14 healthy cyclists exercised for 30-minutes at +10% of blood lactate threshold after ingesting: (1) a placebo, (2) a β1-preferential antagonist (10 mg bisoprolol), or (2) a non-preferential β1 + β2-antagonist (80 mg nadolol) across three trials separated by >7-days. Bisoprolol was administered to reduce hemodynamic forces (heart rate and blood pressure) during exercise to levels comparable with nadolol but without blocking β2-ARs. The mobilization of total NK-cells, terminally differentiated (CD57+) NK-cells, central memory, effector memory and CD45RA+ effector memory CD8+ T-cells; non-classical monocytes; and γδ T-cells were significantly blunted or abrogated under nadolol compared to both bisoprolol and placebo, indicating that the exercise-induced mobilization of these cell types to the blood is largely influenced by β2-AR signaling. Nadolol failed to inhibit the mobilization of classical monocytes, CD4+ T-cells (and their subsets) or naïve CD8+ T-cells, indicating that these cell types are mobilized with exercise independently of the β2-AR. We conclude that the preferential mobilization of NK-cells, non-classical monocytes and differentiated subsets of CD8+ T-cells with exercise is largely dependent on catecholamine signaling through the β2-AR. These findings provide mechanistic insights by which distinct lymphocyte and monocyte subtypes are preferentially mobilized to protect the host from anticipated injury or infection in response to an acute stress response.
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A single exercise bout augments adenovirus-specific T-cell mobilization and function. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rooney BV, Bigley AB, LaVoy EC, Laughlin M, Pedlar C, Simpson RJ. Lymphocytes and monocytes egress peripheral blood within minutes after cessation of steady state exercise: A detailed temporal analysis of leukocyte extravasation. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:260-267. [PMID: 29885920 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute exercise evokes an almost instantaneous lymphocytosis, followed by sustained lymphopenia that occurs within just 30-60 min after exercise cessation. The aim of this study was to characterize the immediate (order of minutes) post-exercise kinetics of lymphocyte and monocyte egress, and to determine whether this egress is associated with heart rate recovery following a single bout of steady state dynamic exercise. Eleven healthy subjects cycled for 30-min at ~70% of their estimated peak power. Blood samples were collected from an intravenous catheter before exercise, during exercise (E) at +15 and +30 min, and during passive recovery (R) at exactly +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 and +10 min after exercise cessation. Complete blood counts and flow cytometry were used to enumerate total monocytes, lymphocytes: CD3+ T-cells, CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, NK-cells and γδ T-cells in whole blood. Both lymphocytes and monocytes displayed rapid egress kinetics, by R+3 the total numbers of all cell types examined were significantly lower than E+30. NK-cells egressed more rapidly than other lymphocyte subtypes, followed by CD8+, γδ, and then CD4+ T-cells. Further, the egress of NK-cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cells positively correlated with heart rate recovery after exercise cessation. In conclusion, lymphocyte and monocyte egress is rapid and occurs within minutes of exercise recovery, underscoring both the importance of collection time for post exercise blood samples, and the use of intravenous catheters to capture peak cell mobilization. The rate of egress may be dependent on how quickly hemodynamic equilibrium is restored on cessation of exercise and is, therefore, likely to be influenced by individual fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette V Rooney
- University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Austin B Bigley
- University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, TX, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Emily C LaVoy
- University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mitzi Laughlin
- University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles Pedlar
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Richard J Simpson
- University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, TX, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Immunobiology, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ross M, Ingram L, Taylor G, Malone E, Simpson RJ, West D, Florida‐James G. Older men display elevated levels of senescence-associated exercise-responsive CD28 null angiogenic T cells compared with younger men. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13697. [PMID: 29939490 PMCID: PMC6016626 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease risk. As a result of aging, endothelial dysfunction develops, partly due to a reduction in vascular regenerative ability. CD31+ T cells (angiogenic T cells; TANG ) possess highly angiogenic capabilities; however, these cells are significantly reduced in older populations. In addition, older populations possess significantly higher senescent and highly differentiated T-cell levels in circulation, and these are reported to be highly exercise responsive. We investigated whether older adults display greater levels of circulating senescent (CD28null ) TANG cells and whether these cells were more exercise responsive than CD28+ TANG cells. Young (18-25 years; n = 9) and older (60-75 years; n = 10) healthy men undertook a 30-min cycling bout at 70% V˙O2 peak, with circulating TANG cells (CD3+ CD31+ CD28+/null ; including CD4+ and CD8+ subsets) measured preexercise, postexercise, and 1 h post exercise by flow cytometry. Older adults displayed reduced basal levels of TANG cells (mean ± SEM: 410 ± 81 vs. 784 ± 118 cells·μL, P = 0.017), despite a greater proportion of these cells being CD28null (26.26 ± 5.08 vs. 13.36 ± 2.62%, P = 0.044). Exercise significantly increased the circulating number of TANG cells in both young and older men. However, in older men alone, exercise preferentially mobilized CD28null CD8+ TANG cells compared with CD28+ TANG cells (time × phenotype interaction: P = 0.022; Δ74 ± 29 vs. Δ27 ± 15 cells·μL, P = 0.059), with no such difference observed between these phenotypes in the young population. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that despite observing lower circulating numbers of TANG cells, older adults display greater levels of senescent TANG cells in comparison with younger individuals, and these cells are more exercise responsive than CD28+ TANG cells. Lower number of circulating TANG and greater levels of senescent-associated CD28null TANG may contribute to greater CVD risk with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ross
- School of Applied SciencesEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Lesley Ingram
- School of Applied SciencesEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Guy Taylor
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Eva Malone
- School of Applied SciencesEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDepartment of PediatricsDepartment of ImmunobiologyThe University of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Dan West
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
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Juszkiewicz A, Basta P, Petriczko E, Machaliński B, Trzeciak J, Łuczkowska K, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. An attempt to induce an immunomodulatory effect in rowers with spirulina extract. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:9. [PMID: 29467598 PMCID: PMC5819236 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to analyze the response of selected components of the immune system in rowers to maximal physical exercise, and to verify if this response can be modulated by supplementation with spirulina (cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis). Method The double-blind study included 19 members of the Polish Rowing Team. The subjects were randomly assigned to the supplemented group (n = 10), receiving 1500 mg of spirulina extract for 6 weeks, or to the placebo group (n = 9). The participants performed a 2000-m test on a rowing ergometer at the beginning (1st examination) and at the end of the supplementation period (2nd examination). Blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein prior to each exercise test, 1 min after completing the test, and after a 24-h recovery period. Subpopulations of T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) [CD4+/CD25+/CD127-], cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) [CD8+/TCRαβ+], natural killer (NK) cells [CD3-/CD16+/CD56+] and TCRδγ-positive (Tδγ) cells were determined by means of flow cytometry. Results On the 2nd examination, athletes from the supplemented group showed neither a post-exercise increase in Treg count nor a post-recovery decrease in Tδγ cell count (both observed in the placebo group), and presented with significantly lower values of Treg/CTL prior to and after the exercise. During the same examination, rowers from the placebo group showed a significant post-recovery increase in Treg/(NK + Tδγ + CTL) ratio, which was absent in the supplemented group. Conclusion The results of this study imply that supplementation with spirulina extract may protect athletes against a deficit in immune function (especially, anti-infectious function) associated with strenuous exercise, and may cause a beneficial shift in "overtraining threshold" preventing a radical deterioration of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Juszkiewicz
- Department of Morphological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp. Poland, 13 Estkowskiego Str.66 - 400, Gorzów Wlkp, Poland
| | - Piotr Basta
- Department of Water Sports, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp. Poland, 13 Estkowskiego Str, 66 - 400 Gorzów Wlkp, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Petriczko
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Disorders and Cardiology of Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, 1 Unii Lubelskiej Str, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- 4Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 72 Al. Powstanców Wlkp. Str, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Trzeciak
- Department of Morphological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp. Poland, 13 Estkowskiego Str, 66 - 400 Gorzów Wlkp, Poland
| | - Karolina Łuczkowska
- 4Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 72 Al. Powstanców Wlkp. Str, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn
- Department of Morphological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp. Poland, 13 Estkowskiego Str, 66 - 400 Gorzów Wlkp, Poland
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Simpson RJ, Bigley AB, Agha N, Hanley PJ, Bollard CM. Mobilizing Immune Cells With Exercise for Cancer Immunotherapy. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2017; 45:163-172. [PMID: 28418996 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation and adoptive transfer immunotherapy are effective in treating blood cancers and posttransplant infections, but low-circulating cell numbers in patients and donors are oftentimes a limiting factor. We postulate that a single exercise bout will increase the yield of patient- and donor-derived HSCs and cytotoxic lymphocytes to improve this form of treatment for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Simpson
- 1Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston; 2Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and 3Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Abstract
Affect and emotion are defined as “an essential part of the process of an organism's interaction with stimuli.” Similar to affect, the immune response is the “tool” the body uses to interact with the external environment. Thanks to the emotional and immunological response, we learn to distinguish between what we like and what we do not like, to counteract a broad range of challenges, and to adjust to the environment we are living in. Recent compelling evidence has shown that the emotional and immunological systems share more than a similarity of functions. This review article will discuss the crosstalk between these two systems and the need for a new scientific area of research called affective immunology. Research in this field will allow a better understanding and appreciation of the immunological basis of mental disorders and the emotional side of immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio D'Acquisto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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LaVoy EC, Hussain M, Reed J, Kunz H, Pistillo M, Bigley AB, Simpson RJ. T-cell redeployment and intracellular cytokine expression following exercise: effects of exercise intensity and cytomegalovirus infection. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/1/e13070. [PMID: 28087817 PMCID: PMC5256156 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of lymphocytosis following exercise is directly related to exercise intensity. Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) also augments lymphocytosis after exercise. It is not known if the enhanced T-cell response to exercise due to CMV depends on exercise intensity. Furthermore, exercise-induced changes in T-cell expression of type I and type II cytokines are thought to be intensity dependent, but direct comparisons are lacking. The aim of this experiment was to determine if CMV affects the exercise-induced redistribution of T-cell subsets at varying intensities, and determine the effect of exercise intensity on CD8+ T-cell cytokine expression. Seventeen cyclists (nine CMV seropositive; CMV+) completed three 30 min cycling trials at -5, +5, and +15% of blood lactate threshold (LT). T-cell subsets in blood and intracellular expression of type I (IL-2, interferon(IFN)-γ) and type II (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines by CD8+ T cells pre, post, and 1-h post-exercise were assessed by flow cytometry. Independently of CMV, T-cell subset redistribution was greater after +15%LT compared to -5%LT (P < 0.05). Independently of intensity, CMV- mobilized more low- (CD27+ CD28+) and medium- (CD27+ CD28-) differentiated T cells than CMV+, whereas CMV+ mobilized more high (CD27- CD28-) differentiated T cells. The numbers of IL-2+, IFN-γ+, IL-4+, and IL-10+ CD8+ T cells increased after exercise above LT Only type I cytokine expression was influenced by exercise intensity (P < 0.05). In conclusion, T-cell redeployment by exercise is directly related to exercise intensity, as are changes in the number of CD8+ T-cells expressing type I cytokines. Although CMV+ mobilized more high-differentiated T cells than CMV-, this occurred at all intensities. Therefore, the augmenting effect of CMV on T-cell mobilization is independent of exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C LaVoy
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Maryam Hussain
- Department of Arts & Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Justin Reed
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Hawley Kunz
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mira Pistillo
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Austin B Bigley
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Bacou E, Haurogné K, Mignot G, Allard M, De Beaurepaire L, Marchand J, Terenina E, Billon Y, Jacques J, Bach JM, Mormède P, Hervé J, Lieubeau B. Acute social stress-induced immunomodulation in pigs high and low responders to ACTH. Physiol Behav 2016; 169:1-8. [PMID: 27867043 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pig husbandry is known as an intensive breeding system, piglets being submitted to multiple stressful events such as early weaning, successive mixing, crowding and shipping. These stressors are thought to impair immune defences and might contribute, at least partly, to the prophylactic use of antibiotics. Robustness was recently defined as the ability of an individual to express a high-production potential in a wide variety of environmental conditions. Increasing robustness thus appears as a valuable option to improve resilience to stressors and could be obtained by selecting piglets upon their adrenocortical activity. In this study, we aimed at depicting the consequences of an acute social stress on the immune capacity of piglets genetically selected upon divergent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity. For this purpose, we monitored neuroendocrine and immune parameters, in high- (HPAhi) and low- (HPAlo) responders to ACTH, just before and immediately after a one-hour mixing with unfamiliar conspecifics. As expected, stressed piglets displayed higher levels of circulating cortisol and norepinephrine. Blood cell count analysis combined to flow cytometry revealed a stress-induced leukocyte mobilization in the bloodstream with a specific recruitment of CD8α+ lymphocytes. Besides, one-hour mixing decreased LPS-induced IL-8 and TNFα secretions in whole-blood assays (WBA) and reduced mononuclear cell phagocytosis. Altogether, our data demonstrate that acute social stress alters immune competence of piglets from both groups, and bring new insights in favour of good farming practices. While for most parameters high- and low-responders to ACTH behaved similarly, HPAhi piglets displayed higher number of CD4+ CD8α- T cells, as well as increased cytokine production in WBA (LPS-induced TNFα and PIL-induced IL-8), which could confer them increased resistance to pathogens. Finally, a principal component analysis including all parameters highlighted that overall stress effects were less pronounced on piglets with a strong HPA axis. Thus, selection upon adrenocortical axis activity seems to reduce the magnitude of response to stress and appears as a good tool to increase piglet robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Bacou
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Karine Haurogné
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Grégoire Mignot
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marie Allard
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Laurence De Beaurepaire
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Jordan Marchand
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Elena Terenina
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yvon Billon
- GenESI, INRA, Le Magneraud, F-17700 Saint-Pierre-d'Amilly, France
| | | | - Jean-Marie Bach
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Pierre Mormède
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julie Hervé
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Blandine Lieubeau
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
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TURNER JAMESE, WADLEY ALEXJ, ALDRED SARAH, FISHER JAMESP, BOSCH JOSA, CAMPBELL JOHNP. Intensive Exercise Does Not Preferentially Mobilize Skin-Homing T Cells and NK Cells. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1285-93. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Immunoendocrine alterations following Marine Corps Martial Arts training are associated with changes in moral cognitive processes. Physiol Behav 2016; 154:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Riddell NE, Burns VE, Wallace GR, Edwards KM, Drayson M, Redwine LS, Hong S, Bui JD, Fischer JC, Mills PJ, Bosch JA. Progenitor cells are mobilized by acute psychological stress but not beta-adrenergic receptor agonist infusion. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 49:49-53. [PMID: 25747743 PMCID: PMC4561221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stimuli that activate the sympathetic nervous system, such as acute psychological stress, rapidly invoke a robust mobilization of lymphocytes into the circulation. Experimental animal studies suggest that bone marrow-derived progenitor cells (PCs) also mobilize in response to sympathetic stimulation. Here we tested the effects of acute psychological stress and brief pharmacological β-adrenergic (βAR) stimulation on peripheral PC numbers in humans. METHODS In two studies, we investigated PC mobilization in response to an acute speech task (n=26) and βAR-agonist (isoproterenol) infusion (n=20). A subset of 8 participants also underwent the infusion protocol with concomitant administration of the βAR-antagonist propranolol. Flow cytometry was used to enumerate lymphocyte subsets, total progenitor cells, total haematopoietic stem cells (HSC), early HSC (multi-lineage potential), late HSC (lineage committed), and endothelial PCs (EPCs). RESULTS Both psychological stress and βAR-agonist infusion caused the expected mobilization of total monocytes and lymphocytes and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Psychological stress also induced a modest, but significant, increase in total PCs, HSCs, and EPC numbers in peripheral blood. However, infusion of a βAR-agonist did not result in a significant change in circulating PCs. CONCLUSION PCs are rapidly mobilized by psychological stress via mechanisms independent of βAR-stimulation, although the findings do not exclude βAR-stimulation as a possible cofactor. Considering the clinical and physiological relevance, further research into the mechanisms involved in stress-induced PC mobilization seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E. Riddell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK,Address correspondence to: Dr. Jos Bosch, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T) +31-20-525-6810 (E)
| | - Victoria E. Burns
- Behavioral Medicine Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Graham R. Wallace
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Kate M. Edwards
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Drayson
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura S. Redwine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Suzi Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Jack D. Bui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Johannes C. Fischer
- Institute for transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul J. Mills
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Jos A. Bosch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Address correspondence to: Dr. Jos Bosch, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T) +31-20-525-6810 (E)
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Brown FF, Bigley AB, Ross JC, LaVoy EC, Simpson RJ, Galloway SDR. T-lymphocyte populations following a period of high volume training in female soccer players. Physiol Behav 2015; 152:175-81. [PMID: 26432452 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the T-lymphocyte response to a period of increased training volume in trained females compared to habitual activity in female controls. METHODS Thirteen trained female (19.8 ± 1.9 yrs) soccer players were monitored during a two-week long high volume training period (increased by 39%) and thirteen female untrained (20.5 ± 2.2 yrs) controls were monitored during two-weeks of habitual activity. Blood lymphocytes, collected at rest, were isolated before and after the two-week period. Isolated lymphocytes were assessed for the cell surface expression of the co-receptor CD28, a marker of T-lymphocyte naivety, and CD57 a marker used to identify highly-differentiated T-lymphocytes. Co-expression of these markers was identified on helper CD4(+) and cytotoxic CD8(+) T-lymphocytes. In addition a further population of γδ(+) T-lymphocytes were identified. Plasma was used to determine Cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus. RESULTS No difference was observed in the T-lymphocyte populations following the two-week period of increased volume training. At baseline the number of total CD3(+), cytotoxic CD8(+), naïve (CD8(+) CD28(+) CD57(-)), intermediate (CD8(+) CD28(+) CD57(+)) T-lymphocytes and the number and proportion of γδ(+) T-lymphocytes were greater in the trained compared to the untrained females (p<0.05). The proportion of CD4(+)T-lymphocytes was greater in the untrained compared to the trained (p<0.05), in turn the CD4(+):CD8(+) ratio was also greater in the untrained females (p<0.05). Inclusion of percentage body fat as a covariate removed the main effect of training status in all T-lymphocyte sub-populations, with the exception of the γδ(+) T-lymphocyte population. 8% of the untrained group was defined as positive for CMV whereas 23% of the trained group was positive for CMV. However, CMV was not a significant covariate in the analysis of T-lymphocyte proportions. CONCLUSION The period of high volume training had no effect on T-lymphocyte populations in trained females. However, baseline training status differences were evident between groups. This indicates that long-term exercise training, as opposed to short-term changes in exercise volume, appears to elicit discernible changes in the composition of the blood T-lymphocyte pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Brown
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
| | - A B Bigley
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - J C Ross
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - E C LaVoy
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - R J Simpson
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - S D R Galloway
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
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Simpson RJ, Kunz H, Agha N, Graff R. Exercise and the Regulation of Immune Functions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:355-80. [PMID: 26477922 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has a profound effect on the normal functioning of the immune system. It is generally accepted that prolonged periods of intensive exercise training can depress immunity, while regular moderate intensity exercise is beneficial. Single bouts of exercise evoke a striking leukocytosis and a redistribution of effector cells between the blood compartment and the lymphoid and peripheral tissues, a response that is mediated by increased hemodynamics and the release of catecholamines and glucocorticoids following the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Single bouts of prolonged exercise may impair T-cell, NK-cell, and neutrophil function, alter the Type I and Type II cytokine balance, and blunt immune responses to primary and recall antigens in vivo. Elite athletes frequently report symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) during periods of heavy training and competition that may be due to alterations in mucosal immunity, particularly reductions in secretory immunoglobulin A. In contrast, single bouts of moderate intensity exercise are "immuno-enhancing" and have been used to effectively increase vaccine responses in "at-risk" patients. Improvements in immunity due to regular exercise of moderate intensity may be due to reductions in inflammation, maintenance of thymic mass, alterations in the composition of "older" and "younger" immune cells, enhanced immunosurveillance, and/or the amelioration of psychological stress. Indeed, exercise is a powerful behavioral intervention that has the potential to improve immune and health outcomes in the elderly, the obese, and patients living with cancer and chronic viral infections such as HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Simpson
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Hawley Kunz
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nadia Agha
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel Graff
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Scanzano A, Cosentino M. Adrenergic regulation of innate immunity: a review. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:171. [PMID: 26321956 PMCID: PMC4534859 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system has a major role in the brain-immune cross-talk, but few information exist on the sympathoadrenergic regulation of innate immune system. The aim of this review is to summarize available knowledge regarding the sympathetic modulation of the innate immune response, providing a rational background for the possible repurposing of adrenergic drugs as immunomodulating agents. The cells of immune system express adrenoceptors (AR), which represent the target for noradrenaline and adrenaline. In human neutrophils, adrenaline and noradrenaline inhibit migration, CD11b/CD18 expression, and oxidative metabolism, possibly through β-AR, although the role of α1- and α2-AR requires further investigation. Natural Killer express β-AR, which are usually inhibitory. Monocytes express β-AR and their activation is usually antiinflammatory. On murine Dentritic cells (DC), β-AR mediate sympathetic influence on DC-T cells interactions. In human DC β2-AR may affect Th1/2 differentiation of CD4+ T cells. In microglia and in astrocytes, β2-AR dysregulation may contribute to neuroinflammation in autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease. In conclusion, extensive evidence supports a critical role for adrenergic mechanisms in the regulation of innate immunity, in peripheral tissues as well as in the CNS. Sympathoadrenergic pathways in the innate immune system may represent novel antiinflammatory and immunomodulating targets with significant therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Scanzano
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria Varese, Italy
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Ingram LA, Simpson RJ, Malone E, Florida-James GD. Sleep disruption and its effect on lymphocyte redeployment following an acute bout of exercise. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:100-8. [PMID: 25582807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disruption and deprivation are common in contemporary society and have been linked with poor health, decreased job performance and increased life-stress. The rapid redeployment of lymphocytes between the blood and tissues is an archetypal feature of the acute stress response, but it is not known if short-term perturbations in sleep architecture affect lymphocyte redeployment. We examined the effects of a disrupted night sleep on the exercise-induced redeployment of lymphocytes and their subtypes. 10 healthy male cyclists performed 1h of cycling at a fixed power output on an indoor cycle ergometer, following a night of undisrupted sleep (US) or a night of disrupted sleep (DS). Blood was collected before, immediately after and 1h after exercise completion. Lymphocytes and their subtypes were enumerated using direct immunofluorescence assays and 4-colour flow cytometry. DS was associated with elevated concentrations of total lymphocytes and CD3(-)/CD56(+) NK-cells. Although not affecting baseline levels, DS augmented the exercise-induced redeployment of CD8(+) T-cells, with the naïve/early differentiated subtypes (KLRG1(-)/CD45RA(+)) being affected most. While the mobilisation of cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets (NK cells, CD8(+) T-cells γδ T-cells), tended to be larger in response to exercise following DS, their enhanced egress at 1h post-exercise was more marked. This occurred despite similar serum cortisol and catecholamine levels between the US and DS trials. NK-cells redeployed with exercise after DS retained their expression of perforin and Granzyme-B indicating that DS did not affect NK-cell 'arming'. Our findings indicate that short-term changes in sleep architecture may 'prime' the immune system and cause minor enhancements in lymphocyte trafficking in response to acute dynamic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Ingram
- Biomedicine and Sport and Exercise Research Group, School of Life, Sport & Social Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, Scotland EH11 4BN, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Eva Malone
- Biomedicine and Sport and Exercise Research Group, School of Life, Sport & Social Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, Scotland EH11 4BN, United Kingdom.
| | - Geraint D Florida-James
- Biomedicine and Sport and Exercise Research Group, School of Life, Sport & Social Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, Scotland EH11 4BN, United Kingdom.
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Zalli A, Bosch JA, Goodyear O, Riddell N, McGettrick HM, Moss P, Wallace GR. Targeting ß2 adrenergic receptors regulate human T cell function directly and indirectly. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 45:211-8. [PMID: 25526818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that central nervous system activation affects peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) function through the release of the catecholamines (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE), which act on ß2-adrenergic receptors (ß2AR). However, most studies have used non-specific stimulation of cells rather than antigen-specific responses. Likewise, few studies have parsed out the direct effects of ß2AR stimulation on T cells versus indirect effects via adrenergic stimulation of antigen presenting cells (APC). Here we report the effect of salmeterol (Sal), a selective ß2AR agonist, on IFN-γ(+) CD4 and IFN-γ(+) CD8 T cells following stimulation with Cytomegalovirus lysate (CMVL-strain AD169) or individual peptides spanning the entire region of the HCMV pp65 protein (pp65). Cells were also stimulated with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Additionally, we investigated the effect of Epi and Sal on cytotoxic cell killing of transfected target cells at the single cell level using the CD107a assay. The results show that Sal reduced the percentage of IFN-γ(+) CD4 and IFN-γ(+) CD8 T cells both when applied directly to isolated T cells, and indirectly via treatment of APC. These inhibitory effects were mediated via a ß2 adrenergic-dependent pathway and were stronger for CD8 as compared to CD4 T cells. Similarly, the results show that Sal suppressed cytotoxicity of both CD8 T and NK cells in vitro following stimulation with Chinese hamster ovary cell line transfected with MICA(*009) (T-CHO) and the human erythromyeloblastoid leukemic (K562) cell line. The inhibitory effect on cytotoxicity following stimulation with T-CHO was stronger in NK cells compared with CD8 T cells. Thus, targeting the ß2AR on lymphocytes and on APC leads to inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production and target cell killing. Moreover, there is a hierarchy of responses, with CD8 T cells and NK cells inhibited more effectively than CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zalli
- School of Sports and Exercise, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - J A Bosch
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - O Goodyear
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - N Riddell
- School of Sports and Exercise, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - H M McGettrick
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - P Moss
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - G R Wallace
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Luo B, Xiang D, Nieman DC, Chen P. The effects of moderate exercise on chronic stress-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and antimicrobial defense. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 39:99-106. [PMID: 24291325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of moderate exercise on repeated restraint stress (RRS)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and explore possible mechanisms in a mouse model. Male Balb/c mice (6weeks) were randomized into 7 groups: CON functioned as controls with no intervention; RRS was subjected to 6h per day RRS for 7 consecutive days; RRS+SWIM received 30min per day of swimming prior to RRS; CON+SWIM only received 30min per day of swimming; and the other groups received one session of 30min swimming prior to sacrifice at 1-, 3- and 6h recovery. Intestinal permeability was quantified with FITC-dextran. Bacterial translocation was determined by quantification of bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) in cultured mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Antimicrobial related gene expression at baseline and 1h after one session of 30min swimming was tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) in small intestinal segments. Protein expression of 5 genes with statistically significant increase was measured at baseline, and 1-, 3- and 6h post-swimming using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thirty minutes per day of swimming before RRS attenuated bacterial translocations and maintained intestinal permeability. Gene expression and protein levels for four antimicrobial peptides (α-defensin 5, β-defensin 1, RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ) were significantly increased after one 30min swimming session. In conclusion, moderate exercise attenuated chronic stress-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice, possibly due to augmentation of antimicrobial responses in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Dao Xiang
- Department of Diving Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai, China; Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Peijie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Brown FF, Bigley AB, Sherry C, Neal CM, Witard OC, Simpson RJ, Galloway SDR. Training status and sex influence on senescent T-lymphocyte redistribution in response to acute maximal exercise. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 39:152-9. [PMID: 24200513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate training status and sex effects on the redistribution of senescent and naïve T-lymphocytes following acute exercise. METHODS Sixteen (8 male, 8 female) trained (18.3±1.7yr) soccer players (Tr) and sixteen (8 male, 8 female) untrained (19.3±2.0yr) controls (UTr) performed a treadmill running test to volitional exhaustion. Blood lymphocytes were isolated before (Pre), immediately post, and 1-h post-exercise for assessment of cell surface expression of CD28 and CD57 on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocyte subsets. Plasma was used to determine cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus. RESULTS Exercise elicited a redistribution of T-lymphocyte subsets. Senescent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes increased by 42.4% and 45.9% respectively, while naïve CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes decreased by 8.7% and 22.5% respectively in response to exercise. A main effect (P<0.05) of training status was observed for senescent CD4(+), CD8(+) and naïve CD8(+) T-lymphocytes: UTr had a higher proportion of senescent and a lower proportion of naïve CD8(+) T-lymphocytes than Tr. A main effect (P<0.05) of sex was observed in senescent CD4(+), CD8(+) and naïve CD4(+), CD8(+) T-lymphocytes. Males had a higher proportion of senescent and lower proportion of naïve T-lymphocytes than females. A sex-by-training status interaction (P<0.05) was observed for the senescent and naïve CD4(+) T-lymphocytes (but not CD8(+)) with the highest percentage of senescent and lowest percentage of naïve T-lymphocytes observed in UTr males. CMV exerted a significant main covariate effect (P<0.05) in the senescent and naïve (P<0.05) CD8(+) T-lymphocytes but not in the senescent and naïve CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. CONCLUSION This study highlights important sex and training status differences in the senescent and naïve T-lymphocyte redistribution in response to exercise that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie F Brown
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Austin B Bigley
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chris Sherry
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Craig M Neal
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver C Witard
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stuart D R Galloway
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
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Spielmann G, Bollard CM, Bigley AB, Hanley PJ, Blaney JW, LaVoy ECP, Pircher H, Simpson RJ. The effects of age and latent cytomegalovirus infection on the redeployment of CD8+ T cell subsets in response to acute exercise in humans. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 39:142-51. [PMID: 23684819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic exercise evokes a rapid redeployment of cytotoxic T cell subsets with high expression of β2 adrenergic receptors, presumably to enhance immunosurveillance during acute stress. As this response is affected by age and infection history, this study examined latent CMV infection as a potential confounder to age-related differences in blood CD8+ T-cell responses to exercise. Healthy young (n=16) and older (n=16) humans counterbalanced by CMV IgG serostatus (positive or negative) exercised for 30-min at ∼80% peak cycling power. Those with CMV redeployed ∼2-times more CD8+ T-cells and ∼6-times more KLRG1+/CD28- and CD45RA+/CCR7- CD8+ subsets than non-infected exercisers. Seronegative older exercisers had an impaired redeployment of total CD8+ T-cells, CD45RA+/CCR7+ and KLRG1-/CD28+ CD8+ subsets compared to young. Redeployed CD8+ T-cell numbers were similar between infected young and old. CMVpp65 specific CD8+ cells in HLA/A2(∗) subjects increased ∼2.7-fold after exercise, a response that was driven by the KLRG1+/CD28-/CD8+ subset. Stimulating PBMCs before and after exercise with CMVpp65 and CMV IE-1 antigens and overlapping peptide pools revealed a 2.1 and 4.4-fold increases in CMVpp65 and CMV IE-1 IFN-γ secreting cells respectively. The breadth of the T cell response was maintained after exercise with the magnitude of the response being amplified across the entire epitope repertoire. To conclude, latent CMV infection overrides age-related impairments in CD8+ T-cell redeployment with exercise. We also show for the first time that many T-cells redeployed with exercise are specific to CMVpp65 and CMV IE-1 antigens, have broad epitope specificity, and are mostly of a high-differentiated effector memory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Spielmann
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Austin B Bigley
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James W Blaney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily C P LaVoy
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Immunology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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Teixeira AM, Rama L, Carvalho HM, Borges G, Carvalheiro T, Gleeson M, Alves F, Trindade H, Paiva A. Changes in naïve and memory T-cells in elite swimmers during a winter training season. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 39:186-93. [PMID: 24412212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High intensity training regimens appear to put athletes at a higher risk of illness. As these have been linked to alterations in the proportions of differentiated T cells, how training load affects these populations could have important implications for athlete susceptibility to disease. This study examined the effect of a winter training season on the proportions of circulating naïve and memory T cells subsets of high competitive level swimmers. Blood samples were taken at rest at 4 time-points during the season: before the start of the season (t0-September), after 7weeks of an initial period of gradually increasing training load (t1-November), after 6weeks of an intense training cycle (t2-February) and 48h after the main competition (t3-April) and from eleven non-athlete controls at 2 similar time-points (t2 and t3). CD4, CD8 and gamma-delta (γδ) T cells expressing the naïve (CCR7(+)CD45RA(+)), central-memory (CM-CCR7(+)CD45RA(-)), effector-memory (EM-CCR7(-)CD45RA(-)) and terminal effector (TEMRA-CCR7(-)CD45RA(+)) were quantified by flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed using multilevel modeling regression. Both T CD4(+) naïve and CM presented a linear increase in response to the first moment of training exposure, and had an exponential decrease until the end of the training exposure. As for TCD4(+) EM, changes were observed from t2 until the end of the training season with an exponential trend, while TCD4(+) TEMRA increased linearly throughout the season. TCD8(+) naïve increased at t1 and decreased exponentially thereafter. TCD8(+) TEMRA values decreased at t1 and increased exponentially until t3. γδT-EM had an increase at t1 and an exponential decrease afterwards. In contrast, γδT-TEMRA decreased at t1 and exponentially increased during the remaining 20weeks of training. An increase in TEMRA and EM T cells alongside a decrease in naïve T cells could leave athletes more susceptible to illness in response to variation in training stimulus during the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Teixeira
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra University, Portugal.
| | - Luís Rama
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra University, Portugal
| | - Humberto M Carvalho
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra University, Portugal
| | - Grasiely Borges
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra University, Portugal
| | - Tiago Carvalheiro
- Portuguese Institute for Blood and Transplantation, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael Gleeson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
| | - Francisco Alves
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hélder Trindade
- Portuguese Institute for Blood and Transplantation, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Portuguese Institute for Blood and Transplantation, Coimbra, Portugal
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LAVOY EMILYC, BIGLEY AUSTINB, SPIELMANN GUILLAUME, RECTOR JERRALDL, MORRISON MARKR, O’CONNOR DANIELP, SIMPSON RICHARDJ. CMV Amplifies T-cell Redeployment to Acute Exercise Independently of HSV-1 Serostatus. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:257-67. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a5a0fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Atanackovic D, Nowottne U, Freier E, Weber CS, Meyer S, Bartels K, Hildebrandt Y, Cao Y, Kröger N, Brunner-Weinzierl MC, Bokemeyer C, Deter HC. Acute psychological stress increases peripheral blood CD3+CD56+ natural killer T cells in healthy men: possible implications for the development and treatment of allergic and autoimmune disorders. Stress 2013; 16:421-8. [PMID: 23425210 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2013.777702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute psychological stress has primarily been investigated regarding its effects on conventional lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK) cells and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. However, it might be important to focus on more "specialized" lymphocyte subsets, playing a role, for instance, in allergic conditions and autoimmunity, to identify links between stress, the immune system and somatic diseases. Using flow cytometry we determined frequencies of circulating T helper (Th)1-type (CD226(+)) and Th2-type (CRTH2(+)) T cells, γδ T cells, conventional CD56(+) natural killer T (NKT) cells and invariant NKT cells (iNKT) in healthy young males (N = 31; median age 26 years) undergoing a laboratory computer-based stressor lasting 12 min. We found that acute psychological stress induced a prolonged increase in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressing a Th2 phenotype. We also detected an acute increase in CD4(-) and CD8(-) double negative γδ T cells. Finally, we found that the well-known increase in NK cells under stressful conditions was paralleled by a significant increase in numbers of conventional CD56(+) NKT cells. In contrast, numbers of iNKT was not altered by stress. This study adds further evidence to a psychoneuroimmunological model proposing that under stressful conditions certain lymphocyte subsets, including iNKT and less mature T cells, are retained in lymphoid tissues while antigen-experienced effector-type T cells with a Th2 phenotype, γδ T cells and conventional CD56(+) NKT cells are mobilized into the peripheral blood. We suggest that in the case of frequent stress exposure, this might result in the promotion of, for example, allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje Atanackovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Oncology/Hematology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Center of Oncology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum), Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, Germany.
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49
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The effects of age and viral serology on γδ T-cell numbers and exercise responsiveness in humans. Cell Immunol 2013; 284:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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50
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Langkamp-Henken B, Nieves C, Culpepper T, Radford A, Girard SA, Hughes C, Christman MC, Mai V, Dahl WJ, Boileau T, Jonnalagadda SS, Thielecke F. Fecal lactic acid bacteria increased in adolescents randomized to whole-grain but not refined-grain foods, whereas inflammatory cytokine production decreased equally with both interventions. J Nutr 2012; 142:2025-32. [PMID: 23014489 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.164996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intake of whole-grain (WG) foods by adolescents is reported to be approximately one-third the recommended intake of 48 g/d. This 6-wk randomized interventional study determined the effect of replacing grains within the diet with refined-grain (RG; n = 42) or WG (n = 41) foods/d on gastrointestinal and immune health in adolescents (aged 12.7 ± 0.1 y). A variety of grain-based foods were delivered weekly to participants and their families. Participants were encouraged to eat 3 different kinds of study foods (e.g., bread, cereals, snacks)/d with goals of 0 g/d (RG) and 80 g/d (WG). Stool samples were obtained during the prebaseline and final weeks to measure bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) using qPCR. Stool frequency was recorded daily. Blood was drawn at baseline and at final visits for immune markers. Across groups, total-grain intake increased by one serving. The intake of WG was similar at baseline (18 ± 3 g) between groups but increased to 60 ± 5 g in the WG group and decreased to 4 ± 1 g in the RG group. Fecal bifidobacteria increased from baseline with both interventions, but LAB increased (P < 0.05) from baseline [2.4 ± 0.2 log(10) genome equivalents (eq)] to wk 6 (3.0 ± 0.2 log(10) genome eq) in the WG group but not in the RG group (baseline: 2.9 ± 0.2 log(10) genome eq; wk 6: 3.0 ± 0.1 log(10) genome eq). There was no difference in stool frequency, serum antioxidant potential, or in vitro LPS-stimulated mononuclear cell production of inflammatory cytokines between groups. However, across both groups the number of daily stools tended to increase (P = 0.08) by 0.0034 stools/g WG or by 0.2 stools with 60 g WG, mean antioxidant potential increased by 58%, and mean production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 decreased by 24, 22, and 42%, respectively, between baseline and wk 6. Overall, incorporating either WG or RG foods increased serum antioxidant concentrations and decreased inflammatory cytokine production; however, WG study foods had more of an effect on aspects of gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbi Langkamp-Henken
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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