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Hu J, Wang Z, Gong B, Feng L, Song Y, Zhang S, Wang L, Qu Y, Li G, Zhang L, Zheng C, Du F, Li P, Wang Y. IFN-γ promotes radioresistant Nestin-expressing progenitor regeneration in the developing cerebellum by augmenting Shh ligand production. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14485. [PMID: 37789668 PMCID: PMC10805445 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with brain tumors, especially pediatric brain tumors such as cerebellar medulloblastoma, always suffer from the severe side effects of radiotherapy. Regeneration of neural cells in irradiation-induced cerebellar injury has been reported, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. METHODS We established an irradiation-induced developing cerebellum injury model in neonatal mice. Microarray, KEGG analysis and semi in vivo slice culture were performed for mechanistic study. RESULTS Nestin-expressing progenitors (NEPs) but not granule neuron precursors (GNPs) were resistant to irradiation and able to regenerate after irradiation. NEPs underwent less apoptosis but similar DNA damage following irradiation compared with GNPs. Subsequently, they started to proliferate and contributed to granule neurons regeneration dependent on the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. In addition, irradiation increased Shh ligand provided by Purkinje cells. And microglia accumulated in the irradiated cerebellum producing more IFN-γ, which augmented Shh ligand production to promote NEP proliferation. CONCLUSIONS NEP was radioresistant and regenerative. IFN-γ was increased post irradiation to upregulate Shh ligand, contributing to NEP regeneration. Our study provides insight into the mechanisms of neural cell regeneration in irradiation injury of the developing cerebellum and will help to develop new therapeutic targets for minimizing the side effects of radiotherapy for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Pediatric Cancer Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Pediatric Cancer Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Biao Gong
- Pediatric Cancer Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Liyuan Feng
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of PharmacyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yan Song
- Pediatric Cancer Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Pediatric Cancer Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Pediatric Cancer Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yanghui Qu
- Pediatric Cancer Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Gen Li
- Pediatric Cancer Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Pediatric Cancer Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Chaonan Zheng
- Pediatric Cancer Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Fang Du
- Pediatric Cancer Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of PharmacyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yuan Wang
- Pediatric Cancer Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Ge G, Guo Q, Zhou Y, Li W, Zhang W, Bai J, Wang Q, Tao H, Wang W, Wang Z, Gan M, Xu Y, Yang H, Li B, Geng D. GLI1 facilitates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by collaborative regulation of DNA methyltransferases. eLife 2023; 12:e92142. [PMID: 37929702 PMCID: PMC10627516 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by joint synovitis and bone destruction, the etiology of which remains to be explored. Many types of cells are involved in the progression of RA joint inflammation, among which the overactivation of M1 macrophages and osteoclasts has been thought to be an essential cause of joint inflammation and bone destruction. Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) has been revealed to be closely linked to bone metabolism. In this study, GLI1 expression in the synovial tissue of RA patients was positively correlated with RA-related scores and was highly expressed in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse articular macrophage-like cells. The decreased expression and inhibition of nuclear transfer of GLI1 downregulated macrophage M1 polarization and osteoclast activation, the effect of which was achieved by modulation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) via transcriptional regulation and protein interactions. By pharmacological inhibition of GLI1, the proportion of proinflammatory macrophages and the number of osteoclasts were significantly reduced, and the joint inflammatory response and bone destruction in CIA mice were alleviated. This study clarified the mechanism of GLI1 in macrophage phenotypic changes and activation of osteoclasts, suggesting potential applications of GLI1 inhibitors in the clinical treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoran Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qianping Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Medical 3D Printing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaAnhuiChina
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSuzhouChina
| | - Minfeng Gan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Medical 3D Printing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Yao B, Delaidelli A, Vogel H, Sorensen PH. Pediatric Brain Tumours: Lessons from the Immune Microenvironment. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:5024-5046. [PMID: 37232837 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of recent advances in tumour molecular subtyping, pediatric brain tumours (PBTs) remain the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. While some PBTs are treatable with favourable outcomes, recurrent and metastatic disease for certain types of PBTs remains challenging and is often fatal. Tumour immunotherapy has emerged as a hopeful avenue for the treatment of childhood tumours, and recent immunotherapy efforts have been directed towards PBTs. This strategy has the potential to combat otherwise incurable PBTs, while minimizing off-target effects and long-term sequelae. As the infiltration and activation states of immune cells, including tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumour-associated macrophages, are key to shaping responses towards immunotherapy, this review explores the immune landscape of the developing brain and discusses the tumour immune microenvironments of common PBTs, with hopes of conferring insights that may inform future treatment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Yao
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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4
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Prajapati A, Mehan S, Khan Z. The role of Smo-Shh/Gli signaling activation in the prevention of neurological and ageing disorders. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10034-1. [PMID: 37097427 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is an essential central nervous system (CNS) pathway involved during embryonic development and later life stages. Further, it regulates cell division, cellular differentiation, and neuronal integrity. During CNS development, Smo-Shh signaling is significant in the proliferation of neuronal cells such as oligodendrocytes and glial cells. The initiation of the downstream signalling cascade through the 7-transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) promotes neuroprotection and restoration during neurological disorders. The dysregulation of Smo-Shh is linked to the proteolytic cleavage of GLI (glioma-associated homolog) into GLI3 (repressor), which suppresses target gene expression, leading to the disruption of cell growth processes. Smo-Shh aberrant signalling is responsible for several neurological complications contributing to physiological alterations like increased oxidative stress, neuronal excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, activating Shh receptors in the brain promotes axonal elongation and increases neurotransmitters released from presynaptic terminals, thereby exerting neurogenesis, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy responses. Smo-Shh activators have been shown in preclinical and clinical studies to help prevent various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Redox signalling has been found to play a critical role in regulating the activity of the Smo-Shh pathway and influencing downstream signalling events. In the current study ROS, a signalling molecule, was also essential in modulating the SMO-SHH gli signaling pathway in neurodegeneration. As a result of this investigation, dysregulation of the pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD).Thus, Smo-Shh signalling activators could be a potential therapeutic intervention to treat neurocomplications of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Prajapati
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
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5
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Wang G, Zhang H, Sun J, Zhang Y, He F, Zou J. Cyclosporin A impairs neurogenesis and cognitive abilities in brain development via the IFN-γ-Shh-BDNF pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107744. [PMID: 33993101 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A wealth of evidence indicate that the peripheral immune activation alters brain development. However, it is still largely unclear whether and how peripheral immunosuppression affects neurodevelopment. Here, we found that the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) decreased the number of BrdU+, BrdU+/DCX+, BrdU+/NeuN + cells in the hippocampus, impaired learning and memory and inhibited protein levels of the shh signaling pathway, including Shh, Smo and Gli1. However, the shh pathway receptor agonist SAG could block the impairment of cognitive ability and the decrease of hippocampal neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level induced by CsA. We also found that CsA decreased the level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), while up-regulation of IFN-γ altered the inhibitory effect of the shh signaling pathway and the decrease of BDNF induced by CsA. Collectively, these data indicate that peripheral CsA impairs neurogenesis and cognition in brain development through downregulating the IFN-γ-Shh-BDNF pathway. The present study guides us to correctly apply immunomodulatory drugs in early life and suggests that the IFN-γ-Shh-BDNF pathway may represent a novel protective target for neurodevelopment under the condition of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancong Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juntao Zou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Girardet L, Bernet A, Calvo E, Soulet D, Joly-Beauparlant C, Droit A, Cyr DG, Belleannée C. Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates gene expression profile of epididymal principal cells through the primary cilium. FASEB J 2020; 34:7593-7609. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000328r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Girardet
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Université Laval, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL) Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Agathe Bernet
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Université Laval, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL) Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Ezéquiel Calvo
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Université Laval, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL) Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Faculty of Pharmacy Université Laval, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL) Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Charles Joly-Beauparlant
- Computational Biology Laboratory Research Centre Faculty of Medicine Laval University Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Computational Biology Laboratory Research Centre Faculty of Medicine Laval University Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Daniel G. Cyr
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Université Laval, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL) Quebec City QC Canada
- Laboratory for Reproductive Toxicology INRS‐Institut Armand‐Frappier Université du Québec Laval QC Canada
| | - Clémence Belleannée
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Université Laval, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL) Quebec City QC Canada
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7
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Janach GMS, Reetz O, Döhne N, Stadler K, Grosser S, Byvaltcev E, Bräuer AU, Strauss U. Interferon-γ acutely augments inhibition of neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:69. [PMID: 32087716 PMCID: PMC7035745 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-γ (IFN-γ, a type II IFN) is present in the central nervous system (CNS) under various conditions. Evidence is emerging that, in addition to its immunological role, IFN-γ modulates neuronal morphology, function, and development in several brain regions. Previously, we have shown that raising levels of IFN-β (a type I IFN) lead to increased neuronal excitability of neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Because of shared non-canonical signaling pathways of both cytokines, we hypothesized a similar neocortical role of acutely applied IFN-γ. METHODS We used semi-quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry to analyze neuronal expression of IFN-γ receptors and performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in layer 5 pyramidal neurons to investigate sub- and suprathreshold excitability, properties of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated current (Ih), and inhibitory neurotransmission under the influence of acutely applied IFN-γ. RESULTS We show that IFN-γ receptors are present in the membrane of rat's neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons. As expected from this and the putative overlap in IFN type I and II alternative signaling pathways, IFN-γ diminished Ih, mirroring the effect of type I IFNs, suggesting a likewise activation of protein kinase C (PKC). In contrast, IFN-γ did neither alter subthreshold nor suprathreshold neuronal excitability, pointing to augmented inhibitory transmission by IFN-γ. Indeed, IFN-γ increased electrically evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) on neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, amplitudes of spontaneous IPSCs and miniature IPSCs were elevated by IFN-γ, whereas their frequency remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS The expression of IFN-γ receptors on layer 5 neocortical pyramidal neurons together with the acute augmentation of inhibition in the neocortex by direct application of IFN-γ highlights an additional interaction between the CNS and immune system. Our results strengthen our understanding of the role of IFN-γ in neocortical neurotransmission and emphasize its impact beyond its immunological properties, particularly in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M S Janach
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivia Reetz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noah Döhne
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stadler
- Industrial Ecology Programme, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sabine Grosser
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Egor Byvaltcev
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja U Bräuer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Strauss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Cell Biology & Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Chandwani MN, Creisher PS, O'Donnell LA. Understanding the Role of Antiviral Cytokines and Chemokines on Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Activity and Survival. Viral Immunol 2018; 32:15-24. [PMID: 30307795 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2018.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections of the central nervous system are accompanied by the expression of cytokines and chemokines that can be critical for the control of viral replication in the brain. The outcomes of cytokine/chemokine signaling in neural cells vary widely, with cell-specific effects on cellular activity, proliferation, and survival. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are often altered during viral infections, through direct infection by the virus or by the influence of immune cell activity or cytokine/chemokine signaling. However, it has been challenging to dissect the contribution of the virus and specific inflammatory mediators during an infection. In addition to initiating an antiviral program in infected NSPCs, cytokines/chemokines can induce multiple changes in NSPC behavior that can perturb NSPC numbers, differentiation into other neural cells, and migration to sites of injury, and ultimately brain development and repair. The focus of this review was to dissect the effects of common antiviral cytokines and chemokines on NSPC activity, and to consider the subsequent pathological consequences for the host from changes in NSPC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha N Chandwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick S Creisher
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren A O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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9
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Brain interference: Revisiting the role of IFNγ in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:149-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Kulkarni A, Ganesan P, O'Donnell LA. Interferon Gamma: Influence on Neural Stem Cell Function in Neurodegenerative and Neuroinflammatory Disease. Clin Med Insights Pathol 2016; 9:9-19. [PMID: 27774000 PMCID: PMC5065109 DOI: 10.4137/cpath.s40497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFNγ), a pleiotropic cytokine, is expressed in diverse neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory conditions. Its protective mechanisms are well documented during viral infections in the brain, where IFNγ mediates non-cytolytic viral control in infected neurons. However, IFNγ also plays both protective and pathological roles in other central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Of the many neural cells that respond to IFNγ, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), the only pluripotent cells in the developing and adult brain, are often altered during CNS insults. Recent studies highlight the complex effects of IFNγ on NSPC activity in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms that mediate these effects, and the eventual outcomes for the host, are still being explored. Here, we review the effects of IFNγ on NSPC activity during different pathological insults. An improved understanding of the role of IFNγ would provide insight into the impact of immune responses on the progression and resolution of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Kulkarni
- Mylan School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Priya Ganesan
- Mylan School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren A O'Donnell
- Mylan School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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11
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Sullivan KD, Lewis HC, Hill AA, Pandey A, Jackson LP, Cabral JM, Smith KP, Liggett LA, Gomez EB, Galbraith MD, DeGregori J, Espinosa JM. Trisomy 21 consistently activates the interferon response. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27472900 PMCID: PMC5012864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is clear that trisomy 21 causes Down syndrome, the molecular events acting downstream of the trisomy remain ill defined. Using complementary genomics analyses, we identified the interferon pathway as the major signaling cascade consistently activated by trisomy 21 in human cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that trisomy 21 activates the interferon transcriptional response in fibroblast and lymphoblastoid cell lines, as well as circulating monocytes and T cells. Trisomy 21 cells show increased induction of interferon-stimulated genes and decreased expression of ribosomal proteins and translation factors. An shRNA screen determined that the interferon-activated kinases JAK1 and TYK2 suppress proliferation of trisomy 21 fibroblasts, and this defect is rescued by pharmacological JAK inhibition. Therefore, we propose that interferon activation, likely via increased gene dosage of the four interferon receptors encoded on chromosome 21, contributes to many of the clinical impacts of trisomy 21, and that interferon antagonists could have therapeutic benefits. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16220.001 Our genetic information is contained within structures called chromosomes. Down syndrome is caused by the genetic condition known as trisomy 21, in which a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. This extra chromosome affects human development in many ways, including causing neurological problems and stunted growth. Trisomy 21 makes individuals more susceptible to certain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmune disorders – where the immune system attacks healthy cells in the body – while protecting them from tumors and some other conditions. Since cells with trisomy 21 have an extra copy of every single gene on chromosome 21, it is expected that these genes should be more highly expressed – that is, the products of these genes should be present at higher levels inside cells. However, it was not clear which genes on other chromosomes are also affected by trisomy 21. Sullivan et al. aimed to identify which genes are affected by trisomy 21 by studying samples collected from a variety of individuals with, and without, this condition. Four genes in chromosome 21 encode proteins that recognize signal molecules called interferons, which are produced by cells in response to viral or bacterial infection. Interferons act on neighboring cells to regulate genes that prevent the spread of the infection, shut down the production of proteins and activate the immune system. Sullivan et al. show that cells with trisomy 21 produce high levels of genes that are activated by interferons and lower levels of genes required for protein production. In other words, the cells of people with Down syndrome are constantly fighting a viral infection that does not exist. Constant activation of interferon signaling could explain many aspects of Down syndrome, including neurological problems and protection against tumors. The next steps are to fully define the role of interferon signaling in the development of Down syndrome, and to find out whether drugs that block the action of interferons could have therapeutic benefits. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16220.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Hannah C Lewis
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Amanda A Hill
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Leisa P Jackson
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Joseph M Cabral
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Keith P Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - L Alexander Liggett
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Eliana B Gomez
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - James DeGregori
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Section of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Joaquín M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
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12
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Honsa P, Valny M, Kriska J, Matuskova H, Harantova L, Kirdajova D, Valihrach L, Androvic P, Kubista M, Anderova M. Generation of reactive astrocytes from NG2 cells is regulated by sonic hedgehog. Glia 2016; 64:1518-31. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Honsa
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valny
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kriska
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Hana Matuskova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Harantova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Kirdajova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Valihrach
- Laboratory of Gene Expression; Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Peter Androvic
- Laboratory of Gene Expression; Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Mikael Kubista
- Laboratory of Gene Expression; Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 142 20 Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 142 20 Czech Republic
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13
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Xu C, Evensen Ø, Munang'andu HM. A de novo transcriptome analysis shows that modulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway by salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 favors virus replication in macrophage/dendritic-like TO-cells. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:390. [PMID: 27215196 PMCID: PMC4878077 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Janus kinase (Jak) and signaling transducer activator of transcription (Stat) pathway mediates the signaling of genes required for cellular development and homeostasis. To elucidate the effect of type I IFN on the Jak/stat pathway in salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3) infected macrophage/dendritic like TO-cells derived from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) headkidney leukocytes, we used a differential transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGGs) pathway analysis to generate a repertoire of de novo assembled genes from type I IFN treated and non-treated TO-cells infected with SAV3. RESULTS Concurrent SAV3 infection with type I IFN treatment of TO-cells suppressed SAV3 structural protein (SP) expression by 2log10 at 2 days post infection compared to SAV3 infection without IFN treatment which paved way to evaluating the impact of type I IFN on expression of Jak/stat pathway genes in SAV3 infected TO-cells. In the absence of type I IFN treatment, SAV3 downregulated several Jak/stat pathway genes that included type I and II receptor genes, Jak2, tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2), Stat3 and Stat5 pointing to possible failure to activate the Jak/stat signaling pathway and inhibition of signal transducers caused by SAV3 infection. Although the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) genes 1 and 3 were upregulated in the IFN treated cells, only SOCS3 was downregulated in the SAV3 infected cells which points to inhibition of SOCS3 by SAV3 infection in TO-cells. CONCLUSION Data presented in this study shows that SAV3 infection downregulates several genes of the Jak/stat pathway, which could be an immune evasion strategy, used to block the transcription of antiviral genes that would interfere with SAV3 replication in TO-cells. Overall, we have shown that combining de novo assembly with pathway based transcriptome analyses provides a contextual approach to understanding the molecular networks of genes that form the Jak/stat pathway in TO-cells infected by SAV3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O Box 8146, Oslo, NO-0033 Dep, Norway
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O Box 8146, Oslo, NO-0033 Dep, Norway
| | - Hetron Mweemba Munang'andu
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O Box 8146, Oslo, NO-0033 Dep, Norway.
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14
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Suyama K, Onishi H, Imaizumi A, Shinkai K, Umebayashi M, Kubo M, Mizuuchi Y, Oda Y, Tanaka M, Nakamura M, Katano M. CD24 suppresses malignant phenotype by downregulation of SHH transcription through STAT1 inhibition in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Monteiro S, Ferreira FM, Pinto V, Roque S, Morais M, de Sá-Calçada D, Mota C, Correia-Neves M, Cerqueira JJ. Absence of IFNγ promotes hippocampal plasticity and enhances cognitive performance. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e707. [PMID: 26731444 PMCID: PMC5073154 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive functioning can be differentially modulated by components of the immune system. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose production is altered in many conditions displaying some degree of cognitive deficits, although its role in cognitive functioning is still unclear. Here we show that the absence of IFNγ selectively enhances cognitive behaviours in tasks in which the hippocampus is implicated. Moreover, the absence of IFNγ leads to volumetric and cell density changes that are restricted to the dorsal part of the hippocampus. In the dorsal hippocampus, the absence of this pro-inflammatory cytokine leads to an increase in the numbers of newly born neurons in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG), an adult neurogenic niche known to support learning and memory, and to an enlargement of the dendritic arborization of DG granule and cornu ammonis (CA)1 pyramidal neurons. Moreover, it also modestly impacts synaptic plasticity, by decreasing the paired-pulse facilitation in the Schaffer collateral to CA1 pyramidal cell synapses. Taken together, our results provide evidence that IFNγ is a negative regulator of hippocampal functioning, as its absence positively impacts on dorsal hippocampus structure, cell density, neuronal morphology and synaptic plasticity. Importantly, these neuroplastic changes are associated with improved performance in learning and memory tasks. Therefore, blockage of the IFNγ signalling may present as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammation-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, 3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - F M Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, 3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - V Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, 3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - S Roque
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, 3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M Morais
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, 3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - D de Sá-Calçada
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, 3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C Mota
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, 3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, 3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J J Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, 3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. E-mail:
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16
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Li Z, Guan YQ, Liu JM. The role of STAT-6 as a key transcription regulator in HeLa cell death induced by IFN-γ/TNF-α co-immobilized on nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5016-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Tsukiji N, Amano T, Shiroishi T. A novel regulatory element for Shh expression in the lung and gut of mouse embryos. Mech Dev 2014; 131:127-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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XU MARVINXUEJUN, ZHAO LINLIN, DENG CHAOYANG, YANG LU, WANG YANG, GUO TAO, LI LIFANG, LIN JIANPING, ZHANG LIRONG. Curcumin suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the wnt signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1951-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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19
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Laner-Plamberger S, Wolff F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Swierczynski S, Hauser-Kronberger C, Frischauf AM, Eichberger T. Hedgehog/GLI signaling activates suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in epidermal and neural tumor cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75317. [PMID: 24058673 PMCID: PMC3769249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained hedgehog (Hh) signaling mediated by the GLI transcription factors is implicated in many types of cancer. Identification of Hh/GLI target genes modulating the activity of other pathways involved in tumor development promise to open new ways for better understanding of tumor development and maintenance. Here we show that SOCS1 is a direct target of Hh/GLI signaling in human keratinocytes and medulloblastoma cells. SOCS1 is a potent inhibitor of interferon gamma (IFN-y)/STAT1 signaling. IFN-у/STAT1 signaling can induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and anti-tumor immunity. The transcription factors GLI1 and GLI2 activate the SOCS1 promoter, which contains five putative GLI binding sites, and GLI2 binding to the promoter was shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Consistent with a role of GLI in SOCS1 regulation, STAT1 phosphorylation is reduced in cells with active Hh/GLI signaling and IFN-у/STAT1 target gene activation is decreased. Furthermore, IFN-у signaling is restored by shRNA mediated knock down of SOCS1. Here, we identify SOCS1 as a novel Hh/GLI target gene, indicating a negative role of Hh/GLI pathway in IFN-y/STAT1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Laner-Plamberger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Wolff
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Swierczynski
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Hauser-Kronberger
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Eichberger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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20
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Kosmac K, Bantug GR, Pugel EP, Cekinovic D, Jonjic S, Britt WJ. Glucocorticoid treatment of MCMV infected newborn mice attenuates CNS inflammation and limits deficits in cerebellar development. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003200. [PMID: 23505367 PMCID: PMC3591306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of the developing fetus with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of central nervous system disease in infants and children; however, mechanism(s) of disease associated with this intrauterine infection remain poorly understood. Utilizing a mouse model of HCMV infection of the developing CNS, we have shown that peripheral inoculation of newborn mice with murine CMV (MCMV) results in CNS infection and developmental abnormalities that recapitulate key features of the human infection. In this model, animals exhibit decreased granule neuron precursor cell (GNPC) proliferation and altered morphogenesis of the cerebellar cortex. Deficits in cerebellar cortical development are symmetric and global even though infection of the CNS results in a non-necrotizing encephalitis characterized by widely scattered foci of virus-infected cells with mononuclear cell infiltrates. These findings suggested that inflammation induced by MCMV infection could underlie deficits in CNS development. We investigated the contribution of host inflammatory responses to abnormal cerebellar development by modulating inflammatory responses in infected mice with glucocorticoids. Treatment of infected animals with glucocorticoids decreased activation of CNS mononuclear cells and expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-β and IFNγ) in the CNS while minimally impacting CNS virus replication. Glucocorticoid treatment also limited morphogenic abnormalities and normalized the expression of developmentally regulated genes within the cerebellum. Importantly, GNPC proliferation deficits were normalized in MCMV infected mice following glucocorticoid treatment. Our findings argue that host inflammatory responses to MCMV infection contribute to deficits in CNS development in MCMV infected mice and suggest that similar mechanisms of disease could be responsible for the abnormal CNS development in human infants infected in-utero with HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Kosmac
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.
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21
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Pereira TA, Xie G, Choi SS, Syn WK, Voieta I, Lu J, Chan IS, Swiderska M, Amaral KB, Antunes CM, Secor WE, Witek RP, Lambertucci JR, Pereira FL, Diehl AM. Macrophage-derived Hedgehog ligands promotes fibrogenic and angiogenic responses in human schistosomiasis mansoni. Liver Int 2013; 33:149-61. [PMID: 23121638 PMCID: PMC3518740 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis mansoni is a major cause of portal fibrosis and portal hypertension. The Hedgehog pathway regulates fibrogenic repair in some types of liver injury. AIMS Determine if Hedgehog pathway activation occurs during fibrosis progression in schistosomiasis and to determine if macrophage-related mechanisms are involved. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the cells that generate and respond to Hedgehog ligands in 28 liver biopsies from patients with different grades of schistosomiasis fibrosis staged by ultrasound. Cultured macrophages (RAW264.7 and primary rat Kupffer cells) and primary rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) were treated with schistosome egg antigen (SEA) and evaluated using qRT-PCR. Inhibition of the Hedgehog pathway was used to investigate its role in alternative activation of macrophages (M2) and vascular tube formation. RESULTS Patients with schistosomiasis expressed more ligands (Shh and Ihh) and target genes (Patched and Gli2) than healthy individuals. Activated LSEC and myofibroblasts were Hedgehog responsive [Gli2(+)] and accumulated in parallel with fibrosis stage (P < 0.05). Double IHC for Ihh/CD68 showed that Ihh(+) cells were macrophages. In vitro studies demonstrated that SEA-stimulated macrophages to express Ihh and Shh mRNA (P < 0.05). Conditioned media from such macrophages induced luciferase production by Shh-LightII cells (P < 0.001) and Hedgehog inhibitors blocked this effect (P < 0.001). SEA-treated macrophages also up-regulated their own expression of M2 markers, and Hh pathway inhibitors abrogated this response (P < 0.01). Inhibition of the Hedgehog pathway in LSEC blocked SEA-induced migration and tube formation. CONCLUSION SEA stimulates liver macrophages to produce Hh ligands, which promote alternative activation of macrophages, fibrogenesis and vascular remodelling in schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A. Pereira
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
,Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Guanhua Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steve S. Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
,Foundation for Liver Research, Institute of Hepatology, London, UK
| | - Izabela Voieta
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jiuyi Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Isaac S. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marzena Swiderska
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fausto L. Pereira
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
,Corresponding Author: Florence McAlister Professor & Chief, Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Snyderman Building (GSRB-1) 595 LaSalle Street, Suite 1073 Durham, North Carolina 27710 Phone: 919-684-4173 Fax: 919-684-4183
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22
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Syu LJ, El-Zaatari M, Eaton KA, Liu Z, Tetarbe M, Keeley TM, Pero J, Ferris J, Wilbert D, Kaatz A, Zheng X, Qiao X, Grachtchouk M, Gumucio DL, Merchant JL, Samuelson LC, Dlugosz AA. Transgenic expression of interferon-γ in mouse stomach leads to inflammation, metaplasia, and dysplasia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:2114-25. [PMID: 23036899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. It arises through a stepwise process that includes prominent inflammation with expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and multiple other pro-inflammatory cytokines. We engineered mice expressing IFN-γ under the control of the stomach-specific H(+)/K(+) ATPase β promoter to test the potential role of this cytokine in gastric tumorigenesis. Stomachs of H/K-IFN-γ transgenic mice exhibited inflammation, expansion of myofibroblasts, loss of parietal and chief cells, spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia, and dysplasia. Proliferation was elevated in undifferentiated and metaplastic epithelial cells in H/K-IFN-γ transgenic mice, and there was increased apoptosis. H/K-IFN-γ mice had elevated levels of mRNA for IFN-γ target genes and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Intracellular mediators of IFN-γ and IL-6 signaling, pSTAT1 and pSTAT3, respectively, were detected in multiple cell types within stomach. H/K-IFN-γ mice developed dysplasia as early as 3 months of age, and 4 of 39 mice over 1 year of age developed antral polyps or tumors, including one adenoma and one adenocarcinoma, which expressed high levels of nuclear β-catenin. Our data identified IFN-γ as a pivotal secreted factor that orchestrates complex changes in inflammatory, epithelial, and mesenchymal cell populations to drive pre-neoplastic progression in stomach; however, additional alterations appear to be required for malignant conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jyun Syu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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23
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Walter J, Hartung HP, Dihné M. Interferon gamma and sonic hedgehog signaling are required to dysregulate murine neural stem/precursor cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43338. [PMID: 22952668 PMCID: PMC3430684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ), a key player in various neurological diseases, was recently shown to induce a dysregulated phenotype in neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs) that is characterized by the simultaneous expression of glial and neuronal markers and irregular electrophysiological properties. Thus far, the mechanisms of this phenomenon have remained unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To determine if binding of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat 1) to the sonic hedgehog (SHH) promoter is important for this phenomenon to occur, chromatin immunoprecipitation and pharmacological inhibition studies were performed. We report here that the activation of both the Stat 1 and SHH pathways is necessary to elicit the dysregulated phenotype. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Thus, blocking these pathways might preserve functional differentiation of NSPCs under inflammatory conditions leading to more effective regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Walter
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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24
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Lin YL, Lin SY, Wang S. Prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure increases anxiety-like behaviors and enhances stress-induced corticosterone responses in adult rats. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:459-68. [PMID: 22198119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy may affect fetal brain development and lead to neurological and mental disorders. Previously, we used lipopolysaccharide [LPS, 33 μg/kg, intraperitoneal injection] exposure on gestation day 10.5 to mimic maternal bacterial infection in rats and found reduced dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurons in the offspring. In the present study, we examined the anxiety and stress responses of the affected offspring and the neurophysiological changes in their brains. Our results show that LPS rats displayed more anxiety-like behaviors and heightened stress responses. Dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens and serotonin (5-HT) in the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus were significantly reduced in LPS rats. Their glucocorticoid receptors in the dorsal hippocampus and the 5-HT(1A) receptors in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus were also reduced. In addition, chronic but not acute fluoxetine treatment reversed the behavioral changes and increased hippocampal 5-HT(1A) receptor expression. This study demonstrates that LPS exposure during a critical time of embryonic development could produce long-term reduction of DA and 5-HT and other neurophysiological changes; such alterations may be associated with the increases in stress response and anxiety-like behaviors in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Majid S, Saini S, Dahiya R. Wnt signaling pathways in urological cancers: past decades and still growing. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:7. [PMID: 22325146 PMCID: PMC3293036 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in a wide range of embryonic patterning events and maintenance of homeostasis in adult tissues. The pathological role of the Wnt pathway has emerged from studies showing a high frequency of specific human cancers associated with mutations that constitutively activate the transcriptional response of these pathways. Constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is a common feature of solid tumors and contributes to tumor development, progression and metastasis in various cancers. In this review, the Wnt pathway will be covered from the perspective of urological cancers with emphasis placed on the recent published literature. Regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway by microRNAs (miRNA), small RNA sequences that modify gene expression profiles will also be discussed. An improved understanding of the basic genetics and biology of Wnt signaling pathway will provide insights into the development of novel chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies for urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Majid
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco CA 94121, USA
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Lee E, Chanamara S, Pleasure D, Soulika AM. IFN-gamma signaling in the central nervous system controls the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis independently of the localization and composition of inflammatory foci. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:7. [PMID: 22248039 PMCID: PMC3293042 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis, presents typically as ascending paralysis. However, in mice in which interferon-gamma (IFNγ) signaling is disrupted by genetic deletion, limb paralysis is accompanied by atypical deficits, including head tilt, postural imbalance, and circling, consistent with cerebellar/vestibular dysfunction. This was previously attributed to intense cerebellar and brainstem infiltration by peripheral immune cells and formation of neutrophil-rich foci within the CNS. However, the exact mechanism by which IFNγ signaling prohibits the development of vestibular deficits, and whether the distribution and composition of inflammatory foci within the CNS affects the course of atypical EAE remains elusive. Methods We induced EAE in IFNγ-/- mice and bone marrow chimeric mice in which IFNγR is not expressed in the CNS but is intact in the periphery (IFNγRCNSKO) and vice versa (IFNγRperiKO). Blood-brain barrier permeability was determined by Evans blue intravenous administration at disease onset. Populations of immune cell subsets in the periphery and the CNS were quantified by flow cytometry. CNS tissues isolated at various time points after EAE induction, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for composition of inflammatory foci and patterns of axonal degeneration. Results Incidence and severity of atypical EAE were more pronounced in IFNγRCNSKO as compared to IFNγRperiKO mice. Contrary to what we anticipated, cerebella/brainstems of IFNγRCNSKO mice were only minimally infiltrated, while the same areas of IFNγRperiKO mice were extensively populated by peripheral immune cells. Furthermore, the CNS of IFNγRperiKO mice was characterized by persistent neutrophil-rich foci as compared to IFNγRCNSKO. Immunohistochemical analysis of the CNS of IFNγ-/- and IFNγR chimeric mice revealed that IFNγ protective actions are exerted through microglial STAT1. Conclusions Alterations in distribution and composition of CNS inflammatory foci are not sufficient for the onset of atypical EAE. IFNγ dictates the course of neuroinflammatory disorders mainly through actions exerted within the CNS. This study provides strong evidence that link microglial STAT1 inactivation to vestibular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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Lin W, Lin Y, Li J, Harding HP, Ron D, Jamison S. A deregulated integrated stress response promotes interferon-γ-induced medulloblastoma. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:1586-95. [PMID: 21688289 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), which coordinates an adaptive program known as the integrated stress response (ISR) by phosphorylating translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). There is evidence that the ISR is involved in tumor development. Recent studies also show that the ISR stimulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), a master regulator of angiogenesis. Our previous studies have demonstrated that enforced expression of interferon-γ (IFNγ) in the central nervous system during development induces sonic hedgehog expression and leads to cerebellar dysplasia or medulloblastoma. Here we report that PERK was activated in cerebellar dysplasia and medulloblastoma in IFNγ-expressing mice. We found that inactivation of the growth arrest and DNA damage 34 (GADD34) gene, encoding the stress-inducible regulatory subunit of a phosphatase complex that dephosphorylates eIF2α, enhanced ISR signaling and facilitated medulloblastoma formation in IFNγ-expressing mice. Moreover, we found that the induction of VEGF-A and enhanced angiogenesis were associated with medulloblastoma formation in IFNγ-expressing mice on the GADD34 mutation background. Thus, our data provide genetic evidence that the ISR facilitates medulloblastoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
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Todoric J, Strobl B, Jais A, Boucheron N, Bayer M, Amann S, Lindroos J, Teperino R, Prager G, Bilban M, Ellmeier W, Krempler F, Müller M, Wagner O, Patsch W, Pospisilik JA, Esterbauer H. Cross-talk between interferon-γ and hedgehog signaling regulates adipogenesis. Diabetes 2011; 60:1668-76. [PMID: 21536945 PMCID: PMC3114396 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T cells and level of the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are increased in adipose tissue in obesity. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been shown to potently inhibit white adipocyte differentiation. In light of recent findings in neurons that IFN-γ and Hh signaling cross-talk, we examined their potential interaction in the context of adipogenesis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used Hh reporter cells, cell lines, and primary adipocyte differentiation models to explore costimulation of IFN-γ and Hh signaling. Genetic dissection using Ifngr1(-/-) and Stat1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and ultimately, anti-IFN-γ neutralization and expression profiling in obese mice and humans, respectively, were used to place the findings into the in vivo context. RESULTS T-cell supernatants directly inhibited hedgehog signaling in reporter and 3T3-L1 cells. Intriguingly, using blocking antibodies, Ifngr1(-/-) and Stat1(-/-) cells, and simultaneous activation of Hh and IFN-γ signaling, we showed that IFN-γ directly suppresses Hh stimulation, thus rescuing adipogenesis. We confirmed our findings using primary mouse and primary human (pre)adipocytes. Importantly, robust opposing signals for Hh and T-cell pathways in obese human adipose expression profiles and IFN-γ depletion in mice identify the system as intact in adipose tissue in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results identify a novel antagonistic cross-talk between IFN-γ and Hh signaling in white adipose tissue and demonstrate IFN-γ as a potent inhibitor of Hh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Todoric
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Boucheron
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Bayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Amann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josefine Lindroos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaele Teperino
- Epigenetic Focus, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Prager
- Department of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Franz Krempler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oswald Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Patsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J. Andrew Pospisilik
- Epigenetic Focus, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Takebe N, Harris PJ, Warren RQ, Ivy SP. Targeting cancer stem cells by inhibiting Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2010; 8:97-106. [PMID: 21151206 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 716] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor relapse and metastasis remain major obstacles for improving overall cancer survival, which may be due at least in part to the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are characterized by tumorigenic properties and the ability to self-renew, form differentiated progeny, and develop resistance to therapy. CSCs use many of the same signaling pathways that are found in normal stem cells, such as Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog (Hh). The origin of CSCs is not fully understood, but data suggest that they originate from normal stem or progenitor cells, or possibly other cancer cells. Therapeutic targeting of both CSCs and bulk tumor populations may provide a strategy to suppress tumor regrowth. Development of agents that target critical steps in the Wnt, Notch, and Hh pathways will be complicated by signaling cross-talk. The role that embryonic signaling pathways play in the function of CSCs, the development of new anti-CSC therapeutic agents, and the complexity of potential CSC signaling cross-talk are described in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takebe
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Investigational Drug Branch, EPN7131, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
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