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Guan Y, Liang Z, Li R, Guo Y, Dang L, Gong F, Xu S, Wang T, Bo N, Yang S, Jiang W, Zhang G, Zhao M, Chen J. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Polygonatum kingianum processed by the traditional method of "Nine Cycles of Steaming and Sun-Drying". Food Chem X 2024; 22:101292. [PMID: 38559439 PMCID: PMC10978476 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et (Hemsl) is a famous Chinese traditional food and medicine analogous plant. The rhizome of P. kingianum showed a decrease in levels of alkaloids, amino acids and derivatives, terpenoids, and an increase in organic acid and saccharides when it was processed by the traditional method of "Nine Cycles of Steaming and Sun-Drying". The relative content of 341 metabolites were increased (fold change, FC > 2; variable importance in projection, VIP > 1 and P-value, P < 0.05); while 456 metabolites were decreased (FC < 0.5, VIP > 1, and P < 0.05). The changes in chemical components result in a decrease in numb taste and an increase in sweetness. The increased antioxidant activity was observed in the processed samples. Together, this work has advanced the mechanism of reducing numb taste and enhancing antioxidant activity in the resource plants, such as P. kingianum, processed by the traditional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Guan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Liang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjiao Guo
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- DeHong Teachers’ College, Mangshi 678400, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjing Dang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- DeHong Vocational College, Mangshi 678400, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuming Gong
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- DeHong Vocational College, Mangshi 678400, People's Republic of China
| | - Susu Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianguo Bo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengchao Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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Zheng T, Chen H, Yu Y, Wang P, Li Y, Chen G, Si J, Yang H. Property and quality of japonica rice cake prepared with Polygonatum cyrtonema powder. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101370. [PMID: 38623510 PMCID: PMC11016865 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice cake is a common traditional food in China. In this study, the effect of Polygonatum cyrtonema (PC) on the qualities and characteristics of rice cake was investigated. The incorporation of PC powder in rice cakes endowed a light-yellow color and increased the water content and water absorption of products. Rheological analysis showed that the rice cake containing PC exhibited weak-gel properties. Additionally, PC (40%) inhibited the rice cake aging and lowered the hardness of rice cakes to 13.86 N after 4 h storage. In vitro starch digestion analysis showed that PC (40%) reduced the digestibility of rice cakes by decreasing the starch hydrolysis rate from 88.70 to 58.95%, displaying a low estimated glycemic index (eGI) of 52.14. The findings mentioned above indicated that the inclusion of PC powder in rice cakes enhanced their characteristics and attributes, which also provided an approach for the development of PC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Huiyun Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Processing Research, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Yuanguo Yu
- Hemudu Yuanguo Agricultural Products Development Co., Ltd, Yuyiao 315414, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Pan'an traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Innovation and Development Institute, Zhejiang, 322300, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jinping Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Huqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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Wang WX, Yang C, Xiong W, Chen CY, Li N. Transcriptome-wide identification of ARF gene family in medicinal plant Polygonatum kingianum and expression analysis of PkARF members in different tissues. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:648. [PMID: 38727802 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygonatum kingianum holds significant importance in Traditional Chinese Medicine due to its medicinal properties, characterized by its diverse chemical constituents including polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, and phenylpropanoids. The Auxin Response Factor (ARF) is a pivotal transcription factor known for its regulatory role in both primary and secondary metabolite synthesis. However, our understanding of the ARF gene family in P. kingianum remains limited. METHODS AND RESULTS We employed RNA-Seq to sequence three distinct tissues (leaf, root, and stem) of P. kingianum. The analysis revealed a total of 31,558 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 43 species of transcription factors annotated among them. Analyses via gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes demonstrated that these DEGs were predominantly enriched in metabolic pathways and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The proposed temporal expression analysis categorized the DEGs into nine clusters, suggesting the same expression trends that may be coordinated in multiple biological processes across the three tissues. Additionally, we conducted screening and expression pattern analysis of the ARF gene family, identifying 12 significantly expressed PkARF genes in P. kingianum roots. This discovery lays the groundwork for investigations into the role of PkARF genes in root growth, development, and secondary metabolism regulation. CONCLUSION The obtained data and insights serve as a focal point for further research studies, centred on genetic manipulation of growth and secondary metabolism in P. kingianum. Furthermore, these findings contribute to the understanding of functional genomics in P. kingianum, offering valuable genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Ce Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, 404120, China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, 404120, China.
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Chang L, Goff HD, Ding C, Liu Q, Zhao S, Tao T, Lu R, Gao Y, Wu H, Guo L. Enhanced hypoglycemic effects of konjac glucomannan combined with Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide in complete nutritional liquid diet fed type 2 diabetes mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131121. [PMID: 38522692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In our aging society, dysphagia and malnutrition are growing concerns, necessitating intervention. Liquid nutrition support offers a practical solution for traditional dietary issues, but it raises a key issue: the potential for post-meal glucose spikes impacting efficacy. This study examined the effects of supplementation of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide (PCP), konjac glucomannan (KGM) and their combination on acute phase postprandial glycemic response and long-term glucose metabolism in T2DM mice on a complete nutritional liquid diet. KGM was more effective in reducing postprandial glucose response, while PCP was more prominent in ameliorating long-term glucose metabolism. The KGM-PCP combination demonstrated superior outcomes in fasting blood glucose, insulin, and glucose homeostasis. PCP and KGM also influenced the composition and abundance of the gut microbiome, with the H-PCP group showing optimal performance. Moreover, the KGM-PCP combination improved body weight, lipid homeostasis, and liver health the most. PCP potentially regulates glycemia through metabolic pathways, while KGM improves glycemic metabolism by reducing postprandial glucose levels in response to viscous intestinal contents. This research identifies the structure, viscosity properties, and hypoglycemic effects of KGM and PCP in complete nutritional liquid diet fed T2DM mice, enabling their strategic utilization as hypoglycemic components in nutritional administration and glycemic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - H Douglas Goff
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph N1H 6J2, ON, Canada
| | - Chao Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Siqi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Tingting Tao
- School of Tea and Food Science Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, No. 19 Wenchang East Road, Jurong, Jiangsu 212499, China
| | - Rongxin Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210038, China
| | - Liping Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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Xu X, Shan M, Chu C, Bie S, Wang H, Cai S. Polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl ameliorated fatigue by regulating NRF2/HO-1/NQO1 and AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathways, and gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131440. [PMID: 38593898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Polygonatum kingianum Coll & Hemsl is an important Chinese medicine used for enhancing physical function and anti-fatigue, and polysaccharides (PKPs) are considered as the main bioactive components. However, the mechanisms through which PKPs exert their anti-fatigue effects are not fully understood. This study aimed more comprehensively to explore the anti-fatigue mechanisms of PKPs, focusing on metabolism, protein expression, and gut flora, by using exhaustive swimming experiments in mice. Results showed a significant increase in the exhaustive swimming time of the mice treated with PKPs, especially in the high-dose group (200 mg/kg/day). Further studies showed that PKPs remarkably improves several fatigue-related physiological indices. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that PKPs increased antioxidant bacteria (e.g., g_norank_f_Muribaculaceae) and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), while reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., g_Escherichia-Shigella and g_Helicobacter). PKPs also mitigated oxidative stress through activating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and promoted energy metabolism by upregulating the expression of AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway proteins. This research may offer theoretical support for incorporating PKPs as a novel dietary supplement in functional foods targeting anti-fatigue properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui Xu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Meimei Shan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Chu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenke Bie
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Huang J, Chen Y, Su Y, Yuan W, Peng D, Guan Z, Chen J, Li P, Du B. Identification of carbohydrate in Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl and inhibiting oxidative stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129760. [PMID: 38286375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The specific structure of Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl polysaccharide (PKP) has been rarely reported. In this study, an inulin-type fructan PKP-1, was extracted and purified from Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl, and its structural characteristics and antioxidants activity were evaluated. The molecular weights of PKP-1 was determined to be 4.802 kDa. Monosaccharide composition analysis evidenced that PKP-1 was composed of galactose, glucose and fructose in a molar ratio of 0.8 %:7.2 %:92.0 %. Glycosidic linkage and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis revealed that PKP-1 exhibited a primary sugar residue linkage of →1-β-d-Fruf-2→2,6-β-d-Fruf-1→, where β-d-Fruf-2→ acts as the side chain and links to the C-6 position of →2,6-β-d-Fruf-1→. In vitro antioxidant activity assays demonstrated that PKP-1 enhanced the mitigation of hepatic oxidative stress in HepG2 cells induced by free fatty acids. This effect was marked by increased enzymatic activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), along with elevated glutathione (GSH) levels. These findings indicate that PKP-1 could be used as a potential natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Huang
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanlan Chen
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi Su
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wanqing Yuan
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dong Peng
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziwen Guan
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Li
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bing Du
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zhang Q, Yang Z, Su W. Review of studies on polysaccharides, lignins and small molecular compounds from three Polygonatum Mill. (Asparagaceae) spp. in crude and processed states. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129511. [PMID: 38242391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Since ancient times, Polygonatum Mill. (Asparagaceae) has been utilized as a medicinal and culinary resource in China. Its efficacy in treating various illnesses has been well documented. Traditional processing involves the Nine-Steam-Nine-Bask method, which results in a reduction of toxicity and enhanced effectiveness of Polygonatum. Many substances, such as polysaccharides, lignins, saponins, homoisoflavones, alkaloids, and others, have been successfully isolated from Polygonatum. This review presents the research progress on the chemical composition of three crude and processed Polygonatum, including Polygonatum sibiricum Redouté (P. sibiricum), Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl (P. kingianum), and Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (P. cyrtonema). The review also includes the pharmacology of Polygonatum, specifically on the pharmacology of polysaccharides both before and after processing. Its objective is to provide a foundation for uncovering the significance of the processing procedure, and to facilitate the development and utilization of Polygonatum in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zouyue Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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8
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Cheng Y, Tian S, Chen Y, Xie J, Hu X, Wang Y, Xie J, Huang H, Yang C, Si J, Yu Q. Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation properties of polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128877. [PMID: 38134995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, the major active ingredient and quality control indicator of Polygomatum cyrtonema are in need of elucidation for its in vitro fermentation characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics of the homogeneous Polygomatum cyrtonema polysaccharide (PCP-80 %) and its effects on human intestinal bacteria and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production during the in vitro fermentation. The results revealed that PCP-80 % was yielded in 10.44 % and the molecular weight was identified to be 4.1 kDa. PCP-80 % exhibited a smooth, porous, irregular sheet structure and provided good thermal stability. The analysis of Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) suggested that PCP-80 % contained six glycosidic bonds, with 2,1-linked-Fruf residues accounted for a largest proportion. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provided additional evidence that the partial structure of PCP-80 % probably consists of →1)-β-D-Fruf-(2 → as the main chain, accompanied by side chains dominated by →6)-β-D-Fruf-(2→. Besides, PCP-80 % promoted the production of SCFAs and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Megamonas, Bifidobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium during in vitro colonic fermentation, which changed the composition of the intestinal microbiota. These findings indicated that Polygomatum cyrtonema polysaccharides were able to modulate the structure and composition of the intestinal bacteria flora and had potential probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shenglan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jiayan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hairong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Chaoran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jingyu Si
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Yang MH, Yang Y, Zhou X, Chen HG. Advances in polysaccharides of natural source of anti-diabetes effect and mechanism. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:101. [PMID: 38217792 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes is a chronic disease in metabolic disorder, and the pathology is characterized by insulin resistance and insulin secretion disorder in blood. In current, many studies have revealed that polysaccharides extracted from natural sources with significant anti-diabetic effects. Natural polysaccharides can ameliorate diabetes through different action mechanisms. All these polysaccharides are expected to have an important role in the clinic. METHODS Existing polysaccharides for the treatment of diabetes are reviewed, and the mechanism of polysaccharides in the treatment of diabetes and its structural characteristics are described in detail. RESULTS This article introduced the natural polysaccharide through different mechanisms of action in the treatment of diabetes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory response and regulation of intestinal bacteria. Natural polysaccharides can treat of diabetes by regulating signaling pathways is also a research hotspot. In addition, the structural characteristics of polysaccharides were explored. There are some structure-activity relationships between natural polysaccharides and the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Hua-Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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Zhao Q, Yang J, Li J, Zhang L, Yan X, Yue T, Yuan Y. Hypoglycemic effect and intestinal transport of phenolics-rich extract from digested mulberry leaves in Caco-2/insulin-resistant HepG2 co-culture model. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113689. [PMID: 38129030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (MLs) have potential anti-diabetic effects, but they may be chemically modified during gastrointestinal digestion so affect their biological activity. In this study, an in vitro digestion model coupled with Caco-2 monolayer and Caco-2/insulin-resistant HepG2 coculture model were used to study the transport and hypoglycemic effects of phenolics in raw MLs (U-MLs) and solid-fermented MLs (F-MLs). The results of LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the Papp (apparent permeability coefficient, 10-6cm/s) of phenolics in digested MLs ranged from 0.002 ± 0.00 (quercetin 3-O-glucoside) to 60.19 ± 0.67 (ferulic acid), indicating higher phenolic acids absorbability and poor flavonoids absorbability. The Papp values of phenolic extracts of F-MLs in Caco-2 monolayer were significantly higher (p > 0.05) than that of U-MLs. Digested phenolic extracts inhibited the activities of sucrase (60.13 ± 2.03 %) and maltase (82.35 ± 0.78 %) and decreased 9.28 ± 0.84 % of glucose uptake in Caco-2 monolayer. Furthermore, a decrease in the mRNA expression of glucose transporters SGLT1 (0.64 ± 0.18), GLUT2 (0.14 ± 0.02) and the sucrase-isomaltase (0.59 ± 0.00) was observed. In Caco-2/insulin-resistant HepG2 co-culture model, phenolic extracts regulated glucose metabolism by up-regulating the mRNA expressions of IRS1 (9.32-fold), Akt (17.07-fold) and GYS2 (1.5-fold), and down-regulating the GSK-3β (0.22-fold), PEPCK (0.49-fold) and FOXO1 (0.10-fold) mRNA levels. Both U-MLs and F-MLs could improve glucose metabolism, and the partial least squares (PLS) analysis showed that luteoforol and p-coumaric acid were the primary phenolics that strongly correlated with the hypoglycemic ability of MLs. Results suggested that phenolics of MLs can be used as dietary supplements to regulate glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinyi Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaohai Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Food Science and Techonology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Food Science and Techonology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Mao Y, Pan S, Song Y, Wang W, Li N, Feng B, Zhang J. Exploring the mechanism of Jingshen Xiaoke decoction in treating T2DM mice based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:163-179. [PMID: 37092194 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jingshen Xiaoke decoction (JS) was prepared by studying the classic prescriptions of famous scholars in the past dynasties to prevent and treat diabetes. The related mechanism of JS against hyperlipidemia has yet to be revealed. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of action of JS in treating diabetes mellitus by using bioinformatics methods. METHODS A database was used to search the active ingredients and targets of the JS and targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The protein interaction between the intersection targets, and the constructed the PPI network diagram was analyzed using the STRING database. Furthermore, the gene annotation tool DAVID was used to enrich the intersecting targets for the Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway. Finally, Maestro software was used for molecular docking to verify the binding ability of the active ingredients to the core target genes. RESULTS A total of 45 active ingredients in JS were screened out corresponding to 239 effective targets, of which 64 targets were potential targets for treating T2DM. The analysis of PPI network diagram analysis revealed that the ingredients' active components are quercetin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, luteolin, and 7-Methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone. GO functional enrichment analysis indicated 186 biological processes (BP), 23 molecular functions (MF) and 13 cellular components (CC). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the enrichment of 59 signal pathways. The molecular docking results demonstrated that the active ingredients and core targets had a good docking affinity with a binding activity less than -7 kcal/mol. Finally, the western blotting illustrated that JS could up-regulate the liver PI3K/AKT-signaling pathway. CONCLUSION JS can regulate glucolipid metabolism, reduce the inflammatory response, improve insulin resistance and modulate the immune response through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway treating of T2DM and its complications effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpo Mao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- School of Early Childhood Development, Chongqing Preschool Education College, China
| | - Shengwang Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiming Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, China
- Chinese Medicine Health Application Technology Promotion Center in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, China
- Chinese Medicine Health Application Technology Promotion Center in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Binbin Feng
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, China
- Chinese Medicine Health Application Technology Promotion Center in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, China
- Chinese Medicine Health Application Technology Promotion Center in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, China
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Bioactive compounds from Polygonatum genus as anti-diabetic agents with future perspectives. Food Chem 2023; 408:135183. [PMID: 36566543 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most serious health problems worldwide. Species in the genus Polygonatum are traditional food and medicinal plants, which play an important role in controlling blood glucose. In this reveiw, we systematically summarized the traditional and modern applications of the genus Polygonatum in DM, focused on the material bases of polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins. We highlighted their mechanisms of action in preventing obese diabetes, improving insulin resistance, promoting insulin secretion, regulating intestinal microecology, inhibiting advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation, suppressing carbohydrate digestion and obsorption and modulating gluconeogenesis. Based on the safety and efficacy of this 'medicinal food' and its utility in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, we proposed a research and development program that includs diet design (supplementary food), medical nutrition therapy and new drugs, which could provide new pathways for the use of natural plants in prevention and treatment of DM.
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Wang R, Li R, Zheng P, Yang Z, Qian C, Wang Z, Qian S. Silver Nanoparticles Modified with Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide Improve Biocompatibility and Infected Wound Bacteriostasis. J Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s12275-023-00042-8. [PMID: 37052796 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antibacterial activity and do not easily induce drug resistance; however, the poor stability and biocompatibility in solution limit their widespread application. In this study, AgNPs were modified with Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide (PSP) to synthesize PSP@AgNPs with good stability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. When PSP@AgNP synthesis was performed under a reaction time of 70 min, a reaction temperature of 35 °C, and an AgNO3-to-PSP volume ratio of 1:1, the synthesized PSP@AgNPs were more regular and uniform than AgNPs, and their particle size was around 10 nm. PSP@AgNPs exhibited lower cytotoxicity and hemolysis, and stronger bacteriostatic activity. PSP@AgNPs damage the integrity and internal structure of cells, resulting in the leakage of intracellular nucleic acids and proteins. The rate of cell membrane damage in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus treated with PSP@AgNPs increased by 38.52% and 43.75%, respectively, compared with that of AgNPs. PSP@AgNPs inhibit the activities of key enzymes related to antioxidant, energy and substance metabolism in cells. The inhibitory effects on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in E. coli and S. aureus cells were significantly higher than those of AgNPs. In addition, compared with AgNPs, PSP@AgNPs promote faster healing of infected wounds. Therefore, PSP@AgNPs represent potential antibacterial agents against wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zheng
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zicheng Yang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Qian
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Senhe Qian
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Liu H, Fu R, Ou J, Wang B. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of a novel polysaccharide PKP2-1 from Polygonatum kingianum. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1156798. [PMID: 37051130 PMCID: PMC10083337 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1156798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the structure characterization and antiinflammatory activity of a novel polysaccharide, PKP2-1, from the rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum Coll. and Hemsl.MethodsWe isolated a novel polysaccharide, PKP2-1, from the rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum Coll. and Hemsl. for the first time, which was then successively purified through hot-water extraction, 80% alcohol precipitation, anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of PKP2-1 in MH7A cells was assessed using a CCK-8 kit assay.ResultsMonosaccharide composition assay revealed that PKP2-1 was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid at an approximate molar ratio of 6:2:2:1. It had a molecular weight of approximately 17.34 kDa. Structural investigation revealed that the backbone of PKP2-1 consisted of (→2, 3)-α-D-Galp(4→, →2)-α-D-Manp(3→, →2)-β-D-Glcp(4→) and α-D-Glcp(3→) residues with side chains (→2)-β-D-Glcp(4→, →1)-α-D-Galp(4→) and α-D-Glcp(3→) branches located at O-3 position of (→2, 3)-α-D-Galp(4→). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of PKP2-1 in MH7A cells revealed that PKP2-1 could reduce the expression of IL-11β and IL-6, increase the expression of IL-10 and induce apoptosis of synovial fibroblasts.ConclusionThe PKP2-1 could inhibit MH7A cell growth and potentially be exploited as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Gong H, Gan X, Li Y, Chen J, Xu Y, Shi S, Li T, Li B, Wang H, Wang S. Review on the genus Polygonatum polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structural characteristics and bioactivities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:909-930. [PMID: 36608864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The genus Polygonatum is gaining increasing attention from nutrition experts as well as health-conscious consumers because of its excellent performance in providing nutrients. Among these plants, Polygonatum sibiricum and Polygonatum odoratum have been selected for inclusion in China's Medicinal Food Directory due to their high safety profile. Polysaccharides are considered the main functional component and one of the main active ingredients of the plant. In addition, polysaccharides from genus Polygonatum have a variety of nutritional, biological and health-promoting properties, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, antitumor, antidiabetic, antiosteoporosis, and hepatoprotective properties. This paper reviews the origin, extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activity, safety, toxicological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from the genus Polygonatum. Ultimately, we hope that this work can provide a more useful reference for understanding the polysaccharide structure and developing of new functional foods from polysaccharides of the genus Polygonatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gong
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaona Gan
- Amway Innovation & Science (Shanghai), 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingzhe Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbin Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songshan Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingzhao Li
- Amway Innovation & Science (Shanghai), 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bo Li
- Amway Innovation & Science (Shanghai), 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Huijun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shunchun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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CO2-triggered switchable hydrophilicity solvent as a recyclable extractant for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides. Food Chem 2023; 402:134301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Health-Promoting Activities and Associated Mechanisms of Polygonati Rhizoma Polysaccharides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031350. [PMID: 36771015 PMCID: PMC9919897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonati Rhizoma, a typical homology of medicine and food, possesses remarkable anti-fatigue, anti-aging, metabolic regulatory, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-diabetes, and anti-cancer effects. Among bioactive phytochemicals in Polygonati Rhizoma, polysaccharides play important roles in the health-promoting activities through the mechanisms mentioned above and potential synergistic effects with other bioactives. In this review, we briefly introduce the updated biosynthesis of polysaccharides, the purification method, the structure characterization, and food applications, and discuss in detail the biological activities of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides and associated mechanisms, aiming at broadening the usage of Polygonati Rhizoma as functional food and medicine.
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Structural Characterization and Hypoglycemic Function of Polysaccharides from Cordyceps cicadae. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020526. [PMID: 36677586 PMCID: PMC9861989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The polysaccharides isolated and purified from different parts of the medicinal fungus Cordyceps cicadae were identified, and three extracts displaying significant biological activities were selected for further study. The bacterium substance polysaccharides (BSP), spore powder polysaccharides (SPP), and pure powder polysaccharides (PPP) were separated, purified, and collected from the sclerotia, spores, and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps cicadae, respectively. The structures of Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides were analyzed using gas chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and one-dimensional (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Moreover, the hypoglycemic effect of Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides was examined in both in vitro and in vivo models. BSP, SPP, and PPP significantly increased glucose absorption in HepG2 cells, and alleviated insulin resistance (IR) in the in vitro model. SPP was the most effective, and was therefore selected for further study of its hypoglycemic effect in vivo. SPP effectively improved body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes model mice, in addition to exerting a protective effect on liver injury. SPP regulated the mRNA expression of key PI3K/Akt genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway. The hypoglycemic mechanism of SPP may reduce hepatic insulin resistance by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Spore powder polysaccharides (SPP) extracted from Cordyceps cicadae effectively improved body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes model mice, in addition to exerting a protective effect on liver injury. The mechanism underlying the hypoglycemic effect of SPP regulates the mRNA expression of key PI3K/Akt genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway to alleviate insulin resistance. Our results provide a theoretical basis for research into the hypoglycemic effect of Cordyceps cicadae, and lay the foundation for the development of functional products.
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Man Z, Feng Y, Xiao J, Yang H, Wu X. Structural changes and molecular mechanism study on the inhibitory activity of epigallocatechin against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Front Nutr 2022; 9:948027. [PMID: 36438757 PMCID: PMC9682078 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.948027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the inhibition and mechanism of epigallocatechin (EGC) on two key glycoside hydrolases (α-glucosidase, α-amylase) were explored from the molecular structure level. The chemical structure of EGC was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. EGC's inhibition on these enzymes was colorimetrically determined. The effects of EGC on the chemical structure and spatial configuration of the enzymes were explored via FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular docking techniques. The results showed that EGC exhibited the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase in a non-competitive manner, showing a continuous upward trend as EGC's concentration increased. There was a fluorescence quenching effect of EGC on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Molecular docking confirmed that EGC can bind to amino acid residues in the enzyme through intermolecular hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, resulting in the changed chemical structure and spatial conformation of the enzymes. This decreased enzyme activity. This result suggested that EGC has the potential to inhibit two key glycoside hydrolases, and it would be beneficial to incorporate EGC into functional foods for diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiangting Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Wang Z, Sun Q, Zhao Y, Du J, Wang B. Synthesis of naphthalimide-type chemsensor and its application in quality evaluation for polygonatum sibiricum Red. Front Chem 2022; 10:969014. [PMID: 36034663 PMCID: PMC9402912 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.969014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The premise and key of ensuring the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is to construct appropriate quality evaluation system of TCM. This study aimed to establish a pre-column derivatization HPLC method for achieving the quality control of Polygonatum sibiricum by reacting synthesized 4-hydrazino-1,8-naphthalimide (HAN) with diverse monosaccharides from the hydrolytic product of P. sibiricum polysaccharides (PSPs), followed by HPLC separation. The HAN was synthesized based on a CuI-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction in water, and then employed as a novel chemosensor that reacts with reducing sugars. Good separation was achieved at a detection wavelength of 448 nm using an ZORBAX SB-C8 column under a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min within 12 min. The monosaccharide compositions of PSP mainly include two hexoses [glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal)] and two hexuronic acids [glucuronic acid (GlcA) and galacturonic acid (GalA)], and the molar ratio of Glc, Gal, GlcA and GalA is 16.67:52.94:10.58:19.81. The verified HPLC method, possessing excellent precision and good accuracy, successfully achieved rapid qualitative and quantitative determination for PSP. Additionally, the HAN displayed fluorescence enhancement through “push–pull” mode, and fluorescence decreased through “pull–pull” mode after binding to monosaccharides, which is a potential for fluorescence determination of different monosaccharides.
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Yu L, Wang Y, Tang Q, Zhang R, Zhang D, Zhu G. Structural Characterization of a Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua Tuber Polysaccharide and Its Contribution to Moisture Retention and Moisture-Proofing of Porous Carbohydrate Material. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27155015. [PMID: 35956965 PMCID: PMC9370567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous carbohydrate materials such as tobacco shreds readily absorb moisture and become damp during processing, storage, and consumption (smoking). Traditional humectants have the ability of moisture retention but moisture-proofing is poor. Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide (PCP 85−1−1) was separated by fractional precipitation and was purified by anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The average molecular weight (Mw) of PCP 85−1−1 was 2.88 × 103 Da. The monosaccharide composition implied that PCP 85−1−1 consisted of fucose, glucose, and fructose, and the molar ratio was 22.73:33.63:43.65. When 2% PCP 85−1−1 was added to tobacco shreds, the ability of moisture retention and moisture-proofing were significantly enhanced. The moisture retention index (MRI) and moisture-proofing index (MPI) increased from 1.95 and 1.67 to 2.11 and 2.14, respectively. Additionally, the effects of PCP 85−1−1 on the aroma and taste of tobacco shreds were evaluated by electronic tongue and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These results indicated that PCP 85−1−1 had the characteristics of preventing water absorption under high relative humidity and moisturizing under dry conditions. The problem that traditional humectants are poorly moisture-proof was solved. PCP 85−1−1 can be utilized as a natural humectant on porous carbohydrates, which provides a reference for its development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13501687790
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Qingjiu Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Danyu Zhang
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Guangyong Zhu
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
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22
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Luo L, Qiu Y, Gong L, Wang W, Wen R. A Review of Polygonatum Mill. Genus: Its Taxonomy, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Effect Due to Processing Changes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154821. [PMID: 35956772 PMCID: PMC9369890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Polygonatum Tourn, ex Mill. contains numerous chemical components, such as steroidal saponins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and others, it possesses diverse pharmacological activities, such as anti-aging, anti-tumor, immunological regulation, as well as blood glucose management and fat reducing properties. Aim of the review: This study reviews the current state of research on the systematic categorization, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and processing changes of the plants belonging to the genus Polygonatum, to provide a theoretical foundation for their scientific development and rational application. Materials and methods: The information was obtained by searching the scientific literature published between 1977 and 2022 on online databases (including PubMed, CNKI, SciFinder, and Web of Science) and other sources (such as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition, and Chinese herbal books). Results: The genus Polygonatum contains 79 species, and 233 bioactive chemical compounds were identified in them. The abundance of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant activities, anti-fatigue activities, anti-inflammatory activities, etc., were revealed for the representatives of this genus. In addition, there are numerous processing methods, and many chemical constituents and pharmacological activities change after the unappropriated processing. Conclusions: This review summarizes the taxonomy classification, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and processing of the plants belonging to the genus Polygonatum, providing references and research tendencies for plant-based drug development and further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
| | - Yixing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
| | - Limin Gong
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
- School of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-731-138-7317-947 (L.G.); +86-731-136-5743-8606 (W.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-731-138-7317-947 (L.G.); +86-731-136-5743-8606 (W.W.)
| | - Ruiding Wen
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
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23
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Characterization of polysaccharide fractions from Allii macrostemonis bulbus and assessment of their antioxidant. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Zhang RY, Gao JH, Shi YL, Lan YF, Liu HM, Zhu WX, Wang XD. Characterization of Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides From Sesame Seed Hull. Front Nutr 2022; 9:928972. [PMID: 35799594 PMCID: PMC9253664 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.928972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame seed hull is the major by-product of sesame seed processing and is rich in polysaccharides. In this work, sesame hull polysaccharides (SHP) were extracted by ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction methods with a yield of 6.49%. Three purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained after decolorization, deproteinization, and column chromatography. Then, their main composition and antioxidant activity were investigated. The dominant fraction was SHP-2 with a yield of 3.78%. It was composed of galacturonic acid (51.3%), glucuronic acid (13.8%), rhamnose (8.9%), glucose (8.4%), and others. The linkage types of SHP-2 have the α-D-GalpA-(1,4)-linked, α-D-GlcpA-(1,2)-linked, β-T-D-Rhap-linked, β-D-Glcp-(1,6)-linked, β-T-D-Galp-linked, α-L-Xylp-(1,4)-linked, α-L-Araf-(1,3,5)-linked, and β-D-Manp-(1,4)-linked. This study might provide some useful basic data for developing applications for sesame seed hull polysaccharides in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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25
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Xie SZ, Zhang WJ, Liu W, Bai JB, Xie SL, Wang T, Xu GB, Wu DL. Physicochemical characterization and hypoglycemic potential of a novel polysaccharide from Polygonatum sibiricum Red through PI3K/Akt mediated signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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26
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Wang F, Jiang Y, Jin S, Wang D, Wu K, Yang Q, Han R, Chen S, Liang Z, Jia Q. Structure characterization and bioactivity of neutral polysaccharides from different sources of Polygonatum Mill. Biopolymers 2022; 113:e23490. [PMID: 35460266 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polygonati rhizoma (PR), a traditional medical and edible product, is rich in polysaccharides and exhibits physiological activity, including antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Neutral polysaccharides have been reported to be one of the main active ingredients of Polygonatum, with many of these fractions being responsible for the biological activity. This behavior was shown to be closely connected to the chemical structure, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic bond type. There are few reports on the chemical constituents of the neutral polysaccharides from different sources of PR. In this study, neutral polysaccharides of PR from four different regions of China (Chun'an (Zhejiang), Xixia (Henan), Danfeng (Shanxi), and Pan'an (Zhejiang)), named CAZJ, XXHN, DFSX, and PAZJ, respectively, were isolated by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. Structures of the four polysaccharides were investigated. The results showed that all of them were mainly glucose and mannose, while the monosaccharide composition and content of polysaccharides from different sources varied. The molecular weights of CAZJ, XXHN, DFSX, and PAZJ were 14.119, 22.352, 18.127, and 15.699 kDa, respectively. Infrared spectra illustrated the existence of α-glycosidic bond and β-glycosidic bond in the polysaccharides. CAZJ, XXHN, and DFSX possessed a pyranose ring structure, whereas PAZJ had a furanose ring structure. Congo red test indicated that XXHN, DFSX, and PAZJ had a triple-helix structure. X-ray diffraction showed that the polysaccharides consisted of crystalline and amorphous regions. All four polysaccharides exhibited different degrees of antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities with a dose-dependent manner in the 1.0-10.0 mg/mL concentration range. Correlation analysis revealed that the bioactivities of polysaccharides was significantly related to monosaccharide composition, uronic acid, and protein content. The results suggested that neutral polysaccharides could be used as potential natural antioxidants and hypoglycemic agents for functional and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuifeng Jin
- Hangzhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Guarantee Center, Hangzhou Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dekai Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangjing Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruilian Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoning Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun Jia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Liu S, Jia QJ, Peng YQ, Feng TH, Hu ST, Dong JE, Liang ZS. Advances in Mechanism Research on Polygonatum in Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:758501. [PMID: 35211009 PMCID: PMC8861320 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.758501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a fast-growing disease with a major influence on people’s quality of life. Oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin are currently the main effective drugs in the treatment of diabetes, but chronic consumption of these drugs has certain side effects. Polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, and phenolics are the primary secondary metabolites isolated from the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Redouté [Asparagaceae], Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl [Asparagaceae], or Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua [Asparagaceae], which have attracted much more attention owing to their unique therapeutic role in the treatment and prevention of diabetes. However, the research on the mechanism of these three Polygonatum spp. in diabetes has not been reviewed. This review provides a summary of the research progress of three Polygonatum spp. on diabetes and its complications, reveals the potential antidiabetic mechanism of three Polygonatum spp., and discusses the effect of different processed products of three Polygonatum spp. in treating diabetes, for the sake of a thorough understanding of its effects on the prevention and treatment of diabetes and diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiao-Jun Jia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Qing Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting-Hui Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Ting Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-E Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zong-Suo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Xi'an, China.,College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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He Y, Chen Z, Nie X, Wang D, Zhang Q, Peng T, Zhang C, Wu D, Zhang J. Recent advances in polysaccharides from edible and medicinal Polygonati rhizoma: From bench to market. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:102-116. [PMID: 34896461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the increasing studies have corroborated the biological activities and great market utilization value of polysaccharide fractions derived from Polygonati rhizome, a well-known edible and medicinal plant, Polygonati rhizome polysaccharides (PRPs) still lack sufficient attention. Herein, we make attempt to systematically summarize recent advances in the extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, and commercial products of PRPs. Based on the detailed extraction and structural characteristics, the biological activities of PRPs including immune-regulation, anti-osteoporosis, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-diabetes and anti-atherosclerotic, are emphatically summarized, as well as the possible related mechanisms. Most importantly, about 365 kinds of commercial functional foods and over 500 patents related to PRPs as the main raw material were analyzed to explore the status quo and bottleneck for the development and utilization of PRPs. In conclusion, this review will benefit to bridge the gap between basic knowledge and market innovations, and facilitate the in-depth utilization of PRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhejie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Pengzhou Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou 611930, China
| | - Teng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dingtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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29
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Wang J, Du Z, Yang Q, Yang J, Duan B. Study on the Chemical Changes of the Traditional Process from Polygonatum kingianum by Multiple Fingerprint Profiles Combined with Multivariate Methods. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5320. [PMID: 34984722 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polygonati Rhizoma (Huangjing) is traditional medicine in China, which can only be used as medicine after being processed. However, there is a limited theoretical basis for analyzing the change of chemical components in traditional processing. In the present study, the analytical techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance gel permeation chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector, and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector were proposed to perform multiple fingerprint analyses of the changes of the processed materials; the total sugar was also determined. Moreover, the chemometric studies, including hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis, were used to visualize the discrimination of raw and processed materials. The results revealed that the chemical constituents had been profoundly changed after the process. In conclusion, these methods could be successfully used to compare raw and processed materials of P. kingianum, which could be used to elaborate the rationality of processing from the perspective of chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources
| | - Zefei Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Qingshu Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources
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30
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Mao YP, Song YM, Pan SW, Li N, Wang WX, Feng BB, Zhang JH. Effect of Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma on the regulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1068555. [PMID: 36589810 PMCID: PMC9794842 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1068555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma (CRPR) has a good hypoglycemic effect. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of CRPR on high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFHSD)- and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice as well as to investigate the involved mechanism. METHODS A T2DM mouse model was generated by combining HFHSD and STZ. After the model was established, normal and model groups received the same volume of normal saline intragastrically, and the negative control group was treated with metformin (200 mg/kg·BW). The low, medium, and high CRPR groups received four consecutive weeks of oral gavage with CRPR doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg·BW, respectively, during the course of the study. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured on a weekly basis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) were used to evaluate the serum and liver samples. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was utilized to observe the pathological status of the liver and pancreas. Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT. RESULTS Compared to model mice, each treatment group had significantly elevated levels of FBG, total cholesterol (TC), and triacylglycerol (TG) (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly reduced in the treatment groups compared to the model group (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, fasting insulin (FINS) levels were elevated in all groups of CRPR (P<0.05), and there were significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both the low-dose and high-dose CRPR groups (P<0.05). H&E staining indicated that CRPR treatment reduced organ enlargement, improved liver lipid accumulation, and repaired islet injury in T2DM mice. Moreover, WB analysis demonstrated that all CRPR groups significantly upregulated the protein expression of IRS1, p-GSK3β, PI3K, p-Akt and p-FOXO1(P<0.05) as well as significantly downregulated p-IRS1 and FOXO1 protein expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that CRPR effectively improves the metabolic disturbance of lipids, repairs damaged liver tissues, repairs damaged pancreatic tissues, and reduces insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM mice. The mechanism of action may be associated with upregulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibition of IRS1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-po Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-ming Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng-wang Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-xiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin-bin Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin-bin Feng, ; Jian-hai Zhang,
| | - Jian-hai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin-bin Feng, ; Jian-hai Zhang,
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31
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Feng X, Zhang Q, Li J, Bie N, Li C, Lian R, Qin L, Feng Y, Wang C. The impact of a novel Chinese yam-derived polysaccharide on blood glucose control in HFD and STZ-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:2681-2692. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chinese yam, as a kind of traditional “medicine and food homologous food” in Asia, could assistance to digestion, nourish the lungs and relieve cough. Some research also suggested that Chinese...
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32
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Long X, Hu X, Liu S, Pan C, Chen S, Li L, Qi B, Yang X. Insights on preparation, structure and activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100153. [PMID: 34816120 PMCID: PMC8591341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gracilaria lemaneiformis is a kind of edible economic red algae, which is rich in polysaccharide, phycobiliprotein, pigments, minerals and other nutrients and functional components. Polysaccharide is one of the main active components of Gracilaria lemaneiformis, which has been reported to present various physiological bioactivities, including regulation of glycolipid metabolism, immune, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and other biological activities. This paper aims to provide a brief summary of extraction, purification, structural characteristics, and physiological activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP). This article is able to provide theoretical basis for the future research and exploitation of GLP, and improve its potential development to promote the healthy and sustainable processing and high value utilization industry of Gracilaria lemaneiformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Long
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chuang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Shengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
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33
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Qian H, Xu Z, Cong K, Zhu X, Zhang L, Wang J, Wei J, Ji P. Transcriptomic responses to drought stress in Polygonatum kingianum tuber. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:537. [PMID: 34781887 PMCID: PMC8591914 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. is an important plant in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The extracts from its tubers are rich in polysaccharides and other metabolites such as saponins. It is a well-known concept that growing medicinal plants in semi-arid (or drought stress) increases their natural compounds concentrations. This study was conducted to explore the morpho-physiological responses of P. kingianum plants and transcriptomic signatures of P. kingianum tubers exposed to mild, moderate, and severe drought and rewatering. RESULTS The stress effects on the morpho-physiological parameters were dependent on the intensity of the drought stress. The leaf area, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and shoot fresh weight decreased whereas electrolyte leakage increased with increase in drought stress intensity. A total of 53,081 unigenes were obtained; 59% of which were annotated. We observed that 1352 and 350 core genes were differentially expressed in drought and rewatering, respectively. Drought stress driven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and stilbenoid diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. Pathways such as plant-pathogen interaction and galactose metabolism were differentially regulated between severe drought and rewatering. Drought reduced the expression of lignin, gingerol, and flavonoid biosynthesis related genes and rewatering recovered the tubers from stress by increasing the expression of the genes. Increased expression of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway related genes under drought suggested their important role in stress endurance. An increase in starch and sucrose biosynthesis was evident from transcriptomic changes under drought stress. Rewatering recovered the drought affected tubers as evident from the contrasting expression profiles of genes related to these pathways. P. kingianum tuber experiences an increased biosynthesis of sucrose, starch, and carotenoid under drought stress. Drought decreases the flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, gingerol, and lignin biosynthesis. These changes can be reversed by rewatering the P. kingianum plants. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a transcriptome resource for P. kingianum and expands the knowledge on the effect of drought and rewatering on important pathways. This study also provides a large number of candidate genes that could be manipulated for drought stress tolerance and managing the polysaccharide and secondary metabolites' contents in P. kingianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Qian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kun Cong
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Xinyan Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Jiankun Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Pengzhang Ji
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science, Kunming, 650223, China.
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Li XL, Ma RH, Zhang F, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Wang S, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Evolutionary research trend of Polygonatum species: a comprehensive account of their transformation from traditional medicines to functional foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-18. [PMID: 34669530 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1993783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With the advances in Polygonatum research, there is a huge interest in harnessing the valuable functional ingredients of this genus with the potential for functional foods. This review emphasizes the different aspects of Ploygonatum based research starting from its bioactive compounds, their structural characterization, various extraction methods, as well as biological activities. In view of its integral use as an essential medicinal plant, our review emphasizes on its promising food applications both as an ingredient and as a whole food, and its improved health benefits with potential for agricultural and environmental relevance are also discussed. As we collated the recent research information, we present the main challenges and limitations of the current research trend in this area which can upgrade the further expansion of Polygonatum-related research that will strengthen its economic and accessible nutritional value in the food and health industries. By highlighting the need for the unattended species, this review not only fills existing research gaps, but also encourages the researchers to find new avenues for the natural production of bio-based functional materials and the development of highly functional and health-promoting foods for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Hui Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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35
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Saravanakumar K, Park S, Mariadoss AVA, Sathiyaseelan A, Veeraraghavan VP, Kim S, Wang MH. Chemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activities of ethyl acetate fraction of Stachys riederi var. japonica (Miq.) in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112374. [PMID: 34186120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This work analysed the chemical composition, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activities of solvent extract (SJ-ME) and fractions (SJ-HF, SJ-EAF, and SJ-MF) of the Stachys riederi var. japonica (Miq.) (SJ). Furthermore, the effect of SJ-EAF in STZ induced type 2 diabetic mice was examined. Among the samples, SJ-EAF exhibited a lower IC50 concentration of 64.2 ± 0.48 μg/mL for DPPH and 82.6 ± 0.09 μg/mL for ABTS+. The SJ-EAF concentration of 2.89 ± 0.03 μg and 2.27 ± 0.98 μg was equivalent to 1 μg of acarbose mediated enzyme inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α -glucosidase, respectively. The SJ-EAF did not show cytotoxicity (<80%) to NIH3T3 nor HepG2 cells but enhanced the glucose uptake in the IR-HepG2. LC-MS/MS of SJ-EAF showed the presence of a total of 16 compounds. Among the identified compounds, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid showed high catalytic activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The treatments of SJ-EAF restored the level of blood glucose, body weight, insulin, HDL and mRNA level of IRS1, GLUT2, GLUT4 and Akt whereas it reduced the excess elevation of total cholesterol, total triglycerides, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, and creatinine in STZ induced diabetic mice. Overall, the present study concluded that the SJ-EAF exhibited promising antidiabetic activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/chemistry
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/toxicity
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Hypoglycemic Agents/toxicity
- Male
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Protein Binding
- Stachys/chemistry
- Streptozocin
- alpha-Amylases/metabolism
- alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - SeongJung Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Science, Kangwon National University. Samcheok-si, 24949, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Fu CY, Ren L, Liu WJ, Sui Y, Nong QN, Xiao QH, Li XQ, Cao W. Structural characteristics of a hypoglycemic polysaccharide from Fructus Corni. Carbohydr Res 2021; 506:108358. [PMID: 34111687 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PFC-3 is a homogeneous polysaccharide extracted from the dried pulps of Fructus Corni with a molecular weight of 40.3 kDa. The crude polysaccharide was obtained and further purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Sephadex G-100 columns to investigate its structure and glycemic effect. The monosaccharides in the PFC-3, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, consisted of glucose (Glc), xylose (Xyl), and galactose (Gal) with a mass molar ratio of 2.35:12.49:1.00. The methylation analysis combined with 1D (1H and 13C), and 2D NMR (1H-1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) further demonstrated that PFC-3 was mainly composed of 1,3-α-D-Xylp, 1,6-α-D-Galp, 1,2-α-D-Glcp, and T-α-D-Galp, and contained a backbone fragment of →6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 2)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Xylp-(1 → . The hypoglycemic effect of PFC-3 in vitro was evaluated by glucose uptake and consumption assays, and the results showed that PFC-3 concentration-dependently enhanced glucose uptake and significantly improved glucose consumption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Furthermore, PFC-3 significantly reduced fasting blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin level, amylase activity, ameliorate lipid metabolism, and hepatic lesions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Our research provided insights into the hypoglycemic activities of PFC-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Li Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wen-Juan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qiu-Na Nong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qian-Han Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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