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Tüscher O, Muthuraman M, Horstmann JP, Horta G, Radyushkin K, Baumgart J, Sigurdsson T, Endle H, Ji H, Kuhnhäuser P, Götz J, Kepser LJ, Lotze M, Grabe HJ, Völzke H, Leehr EJ, Meinert S, Opel N, Richers S, Stroh A, Daun S, Tittgemeyer M, Uphaus T, Steffen F, Zipp F, Groß J, Groppa S, Dannlowski U, Nitsch R, Vogt J. Altered cortical synaptic lipid signaling leads to intermediate phenotypes of mental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02598-2. [PMID: 38806692 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance plays important roles in mental disorders. Bioactive phospholipids like lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are synthesized by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX) at cortical synapses and modulate glutamatergic transmission, and eventually alter E/I balance of cortical networks. Here, we analyzed functional consequences of altered E/I balance in 25 human subjects induced by genetic disruption of the synaptic lipid signaling modifier PRG-1, which were compared to 25 age and sex matched control subjects. Furthermore, we tested therapeutic options targeting ATX in a related mouse line. Using EEG combined with TMS in an instructed fear paradigm, neuropsychological analysis and an fMRI based episodic memory task, we found intermediate phenotypes of mental disorders in human carriers of a loss-of-function single nucleotide polymorphism of PRG-1 (PRG-1R345T/WT). Prg-1R346T/WT animals phenocopied human carriers showing increased anxiety, a depressive phenotype and lower stress resilience. Network analysis revealed that coherence and phase-amplitude coupling were altered by PRG-1 deficiency in memory related circuits in humans and mice alike. Brain oscillation phenotypes were restored by inhibtion of ATX in Prg-1 deficient mice indicating an interventional potential for mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biology Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Neural engineering with Signal Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (NESA-AI), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Informatics for Medical Technology, University Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Johann-Philipp Horstmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guilherme Horta
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantin Radyushkin
- TARC, Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Baumgart
- TARC, Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Torfi Sigurdsson
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heiko Endle
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy II, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Haichao Ji
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy II, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Prisca Kuhnhäuser
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy II, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Götz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy II, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lara-Jane Kepser
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy II, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Department SHIP/Clinical Epidemiological Research, Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Richers
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stroh
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Silvia Daun
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (IMN-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolism Research, Cologne, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Timo Uphaus
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Falk Steffen
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Groß
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Nitsch
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes Vogt
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy II, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Cipriano L, Piscopo R, Aiello C, Novelli A, Iolascon A, Piscopo C. Expanding the Phenotype of the CACNA1C-Associated Neurological Disorders in Children: Systematic Literature Review and Description of a Novel Mutation. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:541. [PMID: 38790536 PMCID: PMC11119747 DOI: 10.3390/children11050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background: CACNA1C gene encodes the alpha 1 subunit of the CaV1.2 L-type Ca2+ channel. Pathogenic variants in this gene have been associated with cardiac rhythm disorders such as long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome and Timothy syndrome. Recent evidence has suggested the possible association between CACNA1C mutations and neurologically-isolated (in absence of cardiac involvement) phenotypes in children, giving birth to a wider spectrum of CACNA1C-related clinical presentations. However, to date, little is known about the variety of both neurological and non-neurological signs/symptoms in the neurologically-predominant phenotypes. Methods and Results: We conducted a systematic review of neurologically-predominant presentations without cardiac conduction defects, associated with CACNA1C mutations. We also reported a novel de novo missense pathogenic variant in the CACNA1C gene of a children patient presenting with constructional, dressing and oro-buccal apraxia associated with behavioral abnormalities, mild intellectual disability, dental anomalies, gingival hyperplasia and mild musculoskeletal defects, without cardiac conduction defects. Conclusions: The present study highlights the importance of considering the investigation of the CACNA1C gene in children's neurological isolated syndromes, and expands the phenotype of the CACNA1C related conditions. In addition, the present study highlights that, even in absence of cardiac conduction defects, nuanced clinical manifestations of the Timothy syndrome (e.g., dental and gingival defects) could be found. These findings suggest the high variable expressivity of the CACNA1C gene and remark that the absence of cardiac involvement should not mislead the diagnosis of a CACNA1C related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cipriano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Raffaele Piscopo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Aiello
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Carmelo Piscopo
- Medical and Laboratory Genetics Unit, A.O.R.N. “Antonio Cardarelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Sacu S, Wackerhagen C, Erk S, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Schwarz K, Schweiger JI, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Heinz A, Razi A, Walter H. Effective connectivity during face processing in major depression - distinguishing markers of pathology, risk, and resilience. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4139-4151. [PMID: 35393001 PMCID: PMC10317809 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant brain connectivity during emotional processing, especially within the fronto-limbic pathway, is one of the hallmarks of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the methodological heterogeneity of previous studies made it difficult to determine the functional and etiological implications of specific alterations in brain connectivity. We previously reported alterations in psychophysiological interaction measures during emotional face processing, distinguishing depressive pathology from at-risk/resilient and healthy states. Here, we extended these findings by effective connectivity analyses in the same sample to establish a refined neural model of emotion processing in depression. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with MDD, 45 first-degree relatives of patients with MDD and 97 healthy controls performed a face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used dynamic causal modeling to estimate task-dependent effective connectivity at the subject level. Parametric empirical Bayes was performed to quantify group differences in effective connectivity. RESULTS MDD patients showed decreased effective connectivity from the left amygdala and left lateral prefrontal cortex to the fusiform gyrus compared to relatives and controls, whereas patients and relatives showed decreased connectivity from the right orbitofrontal cortex to the left insula and from the left orbitofrontal cortex to the right fusiform gyrus compared to controls. Relatives showed increased connectivity from the anterior cingulate cortex to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the depressive state alters top-down control of higher visual regions during face processing. Alterations in connectivity within the cognitive control network present potential risk or resilience mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Sacu
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Wackerhagen
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Schwarz
- Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janina I. Schweiger
- Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adeel Razi
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health & Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Henrik Walter
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Liang S, Cao B, Deng W, Kong X, Zhao L, Jin Y, Ma X, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Q, Guo W, Du X, Sham PC, Greenshaw AJ, Li T. Functional dysconnectivity of anterior cingulate subregions in schizophrenia and psychotic and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 2023; 254:155-162. [PMID: 36889182 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BP). This study investigated the subregional FC of ACC across schizophrenia and psychotic (PBP) and nonpsychotic BP (NPBP) and the relationship between brain functional alterations and clinical manifestations. A total of 174 first-episode medication-naive patients with schizophrenia (FES), 80 patients with PBP, 77 patients with NPBP and 173 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain-wide FC of ACC subregions was computed for each individual, and compared between the groups. General intelligence was evaluated using the short version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Relationships between FC and various clinical and cognitive variables were estimated using the skipped correlation. The FES, PBP and NPBP groups showed differing connectivity patterns in the left caudal, dorsal and perigenual ACC. Transdiagnostic dysconnectivity was found in the subregional ACC associated with cortical, limbic, striatal and cerebellar regions. Disorder-specific dysconnectivity in FES was identified between the left perigenual ACC and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, and the left caudal ACC coupling with the default mode network (DMN) and visual processing region was correlated with psychotic symptoms. In the PBP group, FC between the left dorsal ACC and the right caudate was correlated with psychotic symptoms, and FC connected with the DMN was associated with affective symptoms. The current findings confirmed that subregional ACC dysconnectivity could be a key transdiagnostic feature and associated with differing clinical symptomology across schizophrenia and PBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugai Liang
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China; Mental Health Centre & West China Brain Research Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2B7, AB, Canada
| | - Wei Deng
- Mental Health Centre & West China Brain Research Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Mental Health Centre & West China Brain Research Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Mental Health Centre & West China Brain Research Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- Mental Health Centre & West China Brain Research Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Mental Health Centre & West China Brain Research Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Centre & West China Brain Research Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Mental Health Centre & West China Brain Research Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Suzhou Psychiatry Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Centre for Genomic Sciences, & Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew J Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2B7, AB, Canada
| | - Tao Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China; Mental Health Centre & West China Brain Research Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China.
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Novaes de Oliveira Roldan AC, Fernandes Júnior LCC, de Oliveira CEC, Nunes SOV. Impact of ZNF804A rs1344706 or CACNA1C rs1006737 polymorphisms on cognition in patients with severe mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:195-208. [PMID: 35786202 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2097308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis focussed on insights into the relationship between CACNA1C-rs1006737 and ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphisms and cognitive performance in schizophrenia (SCZ) spectrum and bipolar disorder (BD) and provide some contributions for clinical practice. METHODS We searched the websites databases (PubMED, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) using eligibility and exclusion criteria to capture all potential studies, based on PICO model and according to the PRISMA. RESULTS Eight articles were included in this systematic review (five referring to CACNA1C-rs1006737 and three related to ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphisms), with a total of 5759 participants (1751 SCZ patients, 348 BD patients, 3626 controls and 34 first-degree relatives). The results demonstrated that the pooled effect of CACNA1C-rs1006737 (risk difference RD = 0.08; 95% CI 0.02-0.15) was associated with altered cognitive function in patients with severe mental disorders, but not ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphism (RD = 0.19; 95% CI 0.09-0.48. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis provides evidence regarding slight association between CACNA1C-rs1006737 polymorphisms and cognitive performance in severe mental disorders, indicating that cognitive impairment in severe mental disorders associated with the CACNA1C rs1006737 risk variants could only be expressed when interacting with environmental exposures. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021246726.
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Abstract
The CACNA1C gene encodes the pore-forming subunit of the CaV1.2 L-type Ca2+ channel, a critical component of membrane physiology in multiple tissues, including the heart, brain, and immune system. As such, mutations altering the function of these channels have the potential to impact a wide array of cellular functions. The first mutations identified within CACNA1C were shown to cause a severe, multisystem disorder known as Timothy syndrome (TS), which is characterized by neurodevelopmental deficits, long-QT syndrome, life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, craniofacial abnormalities, and immune deficits. Since this initial description, the number and variety of disease-associated mutations identified in CACNA1C have grown tremendously, expanding the range of phenotypes observed in affected patients. CACNA1C channelopathies are now known to encompass multisystem phenotypes as described in TS, as well as more selective phenotypes where patients may exhibit predominantly cardiac or neurological symptoms. Here, we review the impact of genetic mutations on CaV1.2 function and the resultant physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Herold
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John W Hussey
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivy E Dick
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Shang MY, Wu Y, Zhang CY, Qi HX, Zhang Q, Huo JH, Wang L, Wang C, Li M. Bidirectional genetic overlap between bipolar disorder and intelligence. BMC Med 2022; 20:464. [PMID: 36447210 PMCID: PMC9710050 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly heritable psychiatric illness exhibiting substantial correlation with intelligence. METHODS To investigate the shared genetic signatures between BD and intelligence, we utilized the summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to conduct the bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR) and conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) analyses. Subsequent expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping in human brain and enrichment analyses were also performed. RESULTS Analysis with MiXeR suggested that approximately 10.3K variants could influence intelligence, among which 7.6K variants were correlated with the risk of BD (Dice: 0.80), and 47% of these variants predicted BD risk and intelligence in consistent allelic directions. The conjFDR analysis identified 37 distinct genomic loci that were jointly associated with BD and intelligence with a conjFDR < 0.01, and 16 loci (43%) had the same directions of allelic effects in both phenotypes. Brain eQTL analyses found that genes affected by the "concordant loci" were distinct from those modulated by the "discordant loci". Enrichment analyses suggested that genes related to the "concordant loci" were significantly enriched in pathways/phenotypes related with synapses and sleep quality, whereas genes associated with the "discordant loci" were enriched in pathways related to cell adhesion, calcium ion binding, and abnormal emotional phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the polygenic overlap with mixed directions of allelic effects between BD and intelligence and identified multiple genomic loci and risk genes. This study provides hints for the mesoscopic phenotypes of BD and relevant biological mechanisms, promoting the knowledge of the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of BD. The essential value of leveraging intelligence in BD investigations is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Shang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Research Center for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chu-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao-Xiang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Hua Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. .,School of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Phenotypes, mechanisms and therapeutics: insights from bipolar disorder GWAS findings. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2927-2939. [PMID: 35351989 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported substantial genomic loci significantly associated with clinical risk of bipolar disorder (BD), and studies combining techniques of genetics, neuroscience, neuroimaging, and pharmacology are believed to help tackle clinical problems (e.g., identifying novel therapeutic targets). However, translating findings of psychiatric genetics into biological mechanisms underlying BD pathogenesis remains less successful. Biological impacts of majority of BD GWAS risk loci are obscure, and the involvement of many GWAS risk genes in this illness is yet to be investigated. It is thus necessary to review the progress of applying BD GWAS risk genes in the research and intervention of the disorder. A comprehensive literature search found that a number of such risk genes had been investigated in cellular or animal models, even before they were highlighted in BD GWAS. Intriguingly, manipulation of many BD risk genes (e.g., ANK3, CACNA1C, CACNA1B, HOMER1, KCNB1, MCHR1, NCAN, SHANK2 etc.) resulted in altered murine behaviors largely restoring BD clinical manifestations, including mania-like symptoms such as hyperactivity, anxiolytic-like behavior, as well as antidepressant-like behavior, and these abnormalities could be attenuated by mood stabilizers. In addition to recapitulating phenotypic characteristics of BD, some GWAS risk genes further provided clues for the neurobiology of this illness, such as aberrant activation and functional connectivity of brain areas in the limbic system, and modulated dendritic spine morphogenesis as well as synaptic plasticity and transmission. Therefore, BD GWAS risk genes are undoubtedly pivotal resources for modeling this illness, and might be translational therapeutic targets in the future clinical management of BD. We discuss both promising prospects and cautions in utilizing the bulk of useful resources generated by GWAS studies. Systematic integrations of findings from genetic and neuroscience studies are called for to promote our understanding and intervention of BD.
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Chen M, Jiang Q, Zhang L. CACNA1C Gene rs1006737 Polymorphism Affects Cognitive Performance in Chinese Han Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1697-1704. [PMID: 35975220 PMCID: PMC9376000 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s373492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between L-type calcium channel α1C subunit (CACNA1C) gene polymorphism and schizophrenia (SCZ) and cognitive function in the Han nationality, the main nationality in China. METHODS Genotyping of CACNA1C SNP (rs1006737, rs1024582, rs2007044) in SCZ patients (n = 312) and healthy controls (n = 305) was performed. Cognitive function was assessed in the SCZ patients using Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Then, the correlation between SNP and SCZ, as well as cognition, was calculated. RESULTS There was no significant difference in allele frequency and genotype distribution frequency of the three polymorphic loci of CACNA1C gene between the two groups. In cognitive tests, delayed memory scores in RBANS were significantly lower in rs1006737 "A" risk allele carriers than in non-carriers. CONCLUSION There is no significant difference in allele and genotype frequency of CANCA1C Gene rs1006737, rs1024582 and rs2007044 between the schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The cognitive function of schizophrenia patients is correlated with the rs1006737, and the delayed memory of "A" allele carriers is significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Chen
- Department of Geriatric, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Geriatric, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Geriatric, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wackerhagen C, Veer IM, Erk S, Mohnke S, Lett TA, Wüstenberg T, Romanczuk-Seiferth NY, Schwarz K, Schweiger JI, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Heinz A, Walter H. Amygdala functional connectivity in major depression - disentangling markers of pathology, risk and resilience. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2740-2750. [PMID: 31637983 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limbic-cortical imbalance is an established model for the neurobiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), but imaging genetics studies have been contradicting regarding potential risk and resilience mechanisms. Here, we re-assessed previously reported limbic-cortical alterations between MDD relatives and controls in combination with a newly acquired sample of MDD patients and controls, to disentangle pathology, risk, and resilience. METHODS We analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging data and negative affectivity (NA) of MDD patients (n = 48), unaffected first-degree relatives of MDD patients (n = 49) and controls (n = 109) who performed a faces matching task. Brain response and task-dependent amygdala functional connectivity (FC) were compared between groups and assessed for associations with NA. RESULTS Groups did not differ in task-related brain activation but activation in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) was inversely correlated with NA in patients and controls. Pathology was associated with task-independent decreases of amygdala FC with regions of the default mode network (DMN) and decreased amygdala FC with the medial frontal gyrus during faces matching, potentially reflecting a task-independent DMN predominance and a limbic-cortical disintegration during faces processing in MDD. Risk was associated with task-independent decreases of amygdala-FC with fronto-parietal regions and reduced faces-associated amygdala-fusiform gyrus FC. Resilience corresponded to task-independent increases in amygdala FC with the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and increased FC between amygdala, pgACC, and SFG during faces matching. CONCLUSION Our results encourage a refinement of the limbic-cortical imbalance model of depression. The validity of proposed risk and resilience markers needs to be tested in prospective studies. Further limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Wackerhagen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Erk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mohnke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tristram A Lett
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Wüstenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Y Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janina I Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Zhang X, Braun U, Harneit A, Zang Z, Geiger LS, Betzel RF, Chen J, Schweiger JI, Schwarz K, Reinwald JR, Fritze S, Witt S, Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Degenhardt F, Schwarz E, Hirjak D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Bassett DS, Tost H. Generative network models of altered structural brain connectivity in schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117510. [PMID: 33160087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the structural connectome of schizophrenia patients have been widely characterized, but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Generative network models have recently been introduced as a tool to test the biological underpinnings of altered brain network formation. We evaluated different generative network models in healthy controls (n=152), schizophrenia patients (n=66), and their unaffected first-degree relatives (n=32), and we identified spatial and topological factors contributing to network formation. We further investigated how these factors relate to cognition and to polygenic risk for schizophrenia. Our data show that among the four tested classes of generative network models, structural brain networks were optimally accounted for by a two-factor model combining spatial constraints and topological neighborhood structure. The same wiring model explained brain network formation across study groups. However, relatives and schizophrenia patients exhibited significantly lower spatial constraints and lower topological facilitation compared to healthy controls. Further exploratory analyses point to potential associations of the model parameter reflecting spatial constraints with the polygenic risk for schizophrenia and cognitive performance. Our results identify spatial constraints and local topological structure as two interrelated mechanisms contributing to regular brain network formation as well as altered connectomes in schizophrenia and healthy individuals at familial risk for schizophrenia. On an exploratory level, our data further point to the potential relevance of spatial constraints for the genetic risk for schizophrenia and general cognitive functioning, thereby encouraging future studies in following up on these observations to gain further insights into the biological basis and behavioral relevance of model parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Anais Harneit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zhenxiang Zang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lena S Geiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard F Betzel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Junfang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janina I Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan Rochus Reinwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Department of Neurology, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM USA
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
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12
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Assmann A, Richter A, Schütze H, Soch J, Barman A, Behnisch G, Knopf L, Raschick M, Schult A, Wüstenberg T, Behr J, Düzel E, Seidenbecher CI, Schott BH. Neurocan genome-wide psychiatric risk variant affects explicit memory performance and hippocampal function in healthy humans. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:3942-3959. [PMID: 32583466 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) can perturb the structure and function of brain networks like the hippocampus, a key region in human memory that is commonly affected in psychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated the potential effects of a genome-wide psychiatric risk variant in the NCAN gene encoding the ECM proteoglycan neurocan (rs1064395) on memory performance, hippocampal function and cortical morphology in young, healthy volunteers. We assessed verbal memory performance in two cohorts (N = 572, 302) and found reduced recall performance in risk allele (A) carriers across both cohorts. In 117 participants, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging using a novelty-encoding task with visual scenes. Risk allele carriers showed higher false alarm rates during recognition, accompanied by inefficiently increased left hippocampal activation. To assess effects of rs1064395 on brain morphology, we performed voxel-based morphometry in 420 participants from four independent cohorts and found lower grey matter density in the ventrolateral and rostral prefrontal cortex of risk allele carriers. In silico eQTL analysis revealed that rs1064395 SNP is linked not only to increased prefrontal expression of the NCAN gene itself, but also of the neighbouring HAPLN4 gene, suggesting a more complex effect of the SNP on ECM composition. Our results suggest that the NCAN rs1064395 A allele is associated with lower hippocampus-dependent memory function, variation of prefrontal cortex structure and ECM composition. Considering the well-documented hippocampal and prefrontal dysfunction in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, our results may reflect an intermediate phenotype by which NCAN rs1064395 contributes to disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Assmann
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anni Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Joram Soch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Lea Knopf
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Raschick
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Schult
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Wüstenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Behr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Constanze I Seidenbecher
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Moore TM, Calkins ME, Satterthwaite TD, Roalf DR, Rosen AFG, Gur RC, Gur RE. Development of a computerized adaptive screening tool for overall psychopathology ("p"). J Psychiatr Res 2019; 116:26-33. [PMID: 31176109 PMCID: PMC6649661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of work supports the existence of a general psychopathology factor ("p"). Psychometrically, this is important because it implies that there is a psychological phenomenon (overall psychopathology) that can be measured and potentially used in clinical research or treatment. The present study aimed to construct, calibrate, and begin to validate a computerized adaptive (CAT) screener for "p". In a large community sample (N = 4544; age 11-21), we modeled 114 clinical items using a bifactor multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) model and constructed a fully functional (and public) CAT for assessing "p" called the Overall mental illness (OMI) screener. In a random, non-overlapping sample (N = 1019) with extended phenotyping (neuroimaging) from the same community cohort, adaptive versions of the OMI screener (10-, 20-, and 40-item) were simulated and compared to the full 114-item test in their ability to predict demographic characteristics, common mental disorders, and brain parameters. The OMI screener performed almost as well as the full test, despite being only a small fraction of the length. For prediction of 13 mental disorders, the mid-length (20-item) adaptive version showed mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76, compared to 0.79 for the full version. For prediction of brain parameters, mean absolute standardized relationship was 0.06 for the 20-item adaptive version, compared to 0.07 for the full form. This brief, public tool may facilitate the rapid and accurate measurement of overall psychopathology in large-scale studies and in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adon F G Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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14
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Pergola G, Di Carlo P, Jaffe AE, Papalino M, Chen Q, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Shin JH, Rampino A, Blasi G, Weinberger DR, Bertolino A. Prefrontal Coexpression of Schizophrenia Risk Genes Is Associated With Treatment Response in Patients. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:45-55. [PMID: 31126695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene coexpression networks are relevant to functional and clinical translation of schizophrenia risk genes. We hypothesized that schizophrenia risk genes converge into coexpression pathways that may be associated with gene regulation mechanisms and with response to treatment in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We identified gene coexpression networks in two prefrontal cortex postmortem RNA sequencing datasets (n = 688) and replicated them in four more datasets (n = 1295). We identified and replicated (p values < .001) a single module enriched for schizophrenia risk loci (13 risk genes in 10 loci). In silico screening of potential regulators of the schizophrenia risk module via bioinformatic analyses identified two transcription factors and three microRNAs associated with the risk module. To translate postmortem information into clinical phenotypes, we identified polymorphisms predicting coexpression and combined them to obtain an index approximating module coexpression (Polygenic Coexpression Index [PCI]). RESULTS The PCI-coexpression association was successfully replicated in two independent brain transcriptome datasets (n = 131; p values < .05). Finally, we tested the association between the PCI and short-term treatment response in two independent samples of patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine (n = 167). The PCI was associated with treatment response in the positive symptom domain in both clinical cohorts (p values < .05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings in 1983 samples of human postmortem prefrontal cortex show that coexpression of a set of genes enriched for schizophrenia risk genes is relevant to treatment response. This coexpression pathway may be coregulated by transcription factors and microRNA associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pergola
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Pasquale Di Carlo
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marco Papalino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy.
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15
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Cao H, McEwen SC, Chung Y, Chén OY, Bearden CE, Addington J, Goodyear B, Cadenhead KS, Mirzakhanian H, Cornblatt BA, Carrión RE, Mathalon DH, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Belger A, Seidman LJ, Thermenos H, Tsuang MT, van Erp TGM, Walker EF, Hamann S, Anticevic A, Woods SW, Cannon TD. Altered Brain Activation During Memory Retrieval Precedes and Predicts Conversion to Psychosis in Individuals at Clinical High Risk. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:924-933. [PMID: 30215784 PMCID: PMC6581134 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Memory deficits are a hallmark of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. However, whether the neural dysfunction underlying these deficits is present before the onset of illness and potentially predicts conversion to psychosis is unclear. In this study, we investigated brain functional alterations during memory processing in a sample of 155 individuals at clinical high risk (including 18 subjects who later converted to full psychosis) and 108 healthy controls drawn from the second phase of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-2). All participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with a paired-associate memory paradigm at the point of recruitment and were clinically followed up for approximately 2 years. We found that at baseline, subjects at high risk showed significantly higher activation during memory retrieval in the prefrontal, parietal, and bilateral temporal cortices (PFWE < .035). This effect was more pronounced in converters than nonconverters and was particularly manifested in unmedicated subjects (P < .001). The hyperactivation was significantly correlated with retrieval reaction time during scan in converters (P = .009) but not in nonconverters and controls, suggesting an exaggerated retrieval effort. These findings suggest that hyperactivation during memory retrieval may mark processes associated with conversion to psychosis, and such measures have potential as biomarkers for psychosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Cao
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sarah C McEwen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yoonho Chung
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Oliver Y Chén
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Bradley Goodyear
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo E Carrión
- Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Heidi Thermenos
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | | | | | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, US; tel: +1-2034361545, e-mail:
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16
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Dezhina Z, Ranlund S, Kyriakopoulos M, Williams SCR, Dima D. A systematic review of associations between functional MRI activity and polygenic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:862-877. [PMID: 29748770 PMCID: PMC6538577 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors account for up to 80% of the liability for schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified several genes associated with increased risk for both disorders. This has allowed researchers to model the aggregate effect of genes associated with disease status and create a polygenic risk score (PGRS) for each individual. The interest in imaging genetics using PGRS has grown in recent years, with several studies now published. We have conducted a systematic review to examine the effects of PGRS of SCZ, BD and cross psychiatric disorders on brain function and connectivity using fMRI data. Results indicate that the effect of genetic load for SCZ and BD on brain function affects task-related recruitment, with frontal areas having a more prominent role, independent of task. Additionally, the results suggest that the polygenic architecture of psychotic disorders is not regionally confined but impacts on the task-dependent recruitment of multiple brain regions. Future imaging genetics studies with large samples, especially population studies, would be uniquely informative in mapping the spatial distribution of the genetic risk to psychiatric disorders on brain processes during various cognitive tasks and may lead to the discovery of biological pathways that could be crucial in mediating the link between genetic factors and alterations in brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalina Dezhina
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Siri Ranlund
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marinos Kyriakopoulos
- National and Specialist Acorn Lodge Inpatient Children Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steve C R Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK.
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17
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Lancaster TM, Dimitriadis SL, Tansey KE, Perry G, Ihssen N, Jones DK, Singh KD, Holmans P, Pocklington A, Davey Smith G, Zammit S, Hall J, O’Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Linden DE. Structural and Functional Neuroimaging of Polygenic Risk for Schizophrenia: A Recall-by-Genotype-Based Approach. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:405-414. [PMID: 29608775 PMCID: PMC6403064 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Risk profile scores (RPS) derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) explain a considerable amount of susceptibility for schizophrenia (SCZ). However, little is known about how common genetic risk factors for SCZ influence the structure and function of the human brain, largely due to the constraints of imaging sample sizes. In the current study, we use a novel recall-by-genotype (RbG) methodological approach, where we sample young adults from a population cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: N genotyped = 8365) based on their SCZ-RPS. We compared 197 healthy individuals at extremes of low (N = 99) or high (N = 98) SCZ-RPS with behavioral tests, and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We first provide methodological details that will inform the design of future RbG studies for common SCZ genetic risk. We further provide an between group analysis of the RbG individuals (low vs high SCZ-RPS) who underwent structural neuroimaging data (T1-weighted scans) and fMRI data during a reversal learning task. While we found little evidence for morphometric differences between the low and high SCZ-RPS groups, we observed an impact of SCZ-RPS on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal during reward processing in the ventral striatum (PFWE-VS-CORRECTED = .037), a previously investigated broader reward-related network (PFWE-ROIS-CORRECTED = .008), and across the whole brain (PFWE-WHOLE-BRAIN-CORRECTED = .013). We also describe the study strategy and discuss specific challenges of RbG for SCZ risk (such as SCZ-RPS related homoscedasticity). This study will help to elucidate the behavioral and imaging phenotypes that are associated with SCZ genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Lancaster
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stavros L Dimitriadis
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Katherine E Tansey
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gavin Perry
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Derek K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Krish D Singh
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew Pocklington
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stan Zammit
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael C O’Donovan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E Linden
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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18
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MacKenzie LE, Uher R, Pavlova B. Cognitive Performance in First-Degree Relatives of Individuals With vs Without Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:297-305. [PMID: 30586133 PMCID: PMC6439825 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Findings of cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder (MDD), including remitted MDD, raise the question whether impaired cognition is part of preexisting vulnerability rather than a consequence of MDD or its treatment. To our knowledge, no meta-analyses have been published on cognitive impairment in first-degree relatives of individuals with MDD. OBJECTIVE To compare cognitive performance between individuals with and without family history of MDD. DATA SOURCES Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase using combinations of search terms for depression, first-degree relatives, and cognition from January 1, 1980, to July 15, 2018. STUDY SELECTION Original articles that reported data on cognition in first-degree relatives of individuals with MDD compared with controls with no family history of major mental illness. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Means and SDs were extracted, and standardized mean differences (SMD) between relatives and controls were calculated for each measure of cognitive performance. The relative-control differences in overall cognition and in specific cognitive domains were synthesized in random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation that allows including multiple correlated measures of cognition within each study. Heterogeneity was quantified with τ2. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger intercept. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Performance on cognitive tests. RESULTS Across 284 measures of cognition in 54 nonoverlapping samples including 3246 relatives of people with MDD (mean age 15.38 years, 57.68% females) and 5222 controls (mean age 14.70 years, 55.93% females), relatives of people with MDD performed worse than controls across all measures of cognition (SMD = -0.19; 95% CI, -0.27 to -0.11; P < .001). Domain-specific meta-analyses showed similar size of relative-control difference in most domains of cognition, including Full-Scale IQ (SMD = -0.19), verbal intelligence (SMD = -0.29), perceptual intelligence (SMD = -0.23), memory (SMD = -0.20), academic performance (SMD = -0.40), and language (SMD = -0.29). Study characteristics were not significantly associated with observed between-group differences. There was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A general impairment in cognition is a feature of familial disposition for MDD. Cognition may contribute to early identification of risk for depression and may be examined as potential target for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn E. MacKenzie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Barbara Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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19
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Chen X, Zhai J, Chen M, Du B, Deng X, Ji F, Wang C, Xiang Y, Li D, Wu H, Dong Q, Chen C, Li J. The effects of CACNA1C gene polymorphism on prefrontal cortex in both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2019; 204:193-200. [PMID: 30268820 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CACNA1C gene polymorphism rs2007044 has been reported to be associated with schizophrenia, but its underlying brain mechanism is not clear. First, we conducted an exploratory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using an N-BACK task and a Stroop task in 194 subjects (55 schizophrenia patients and 139 healthy controls). Our whole brain analysis found that the risk allele was associated with reduced activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during the Stroop task (cluster size = 390 voxels, P < 0.05 TFCE-FWE corrected; peak MNI coordinates: x = -57, y = -6, z = 30). We also conducted a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study using the same Stroop task in an independent sample of 126 healthy controls to validate the fMRI finding. Our repeated-measures ANCOVA on the six channels (20, 27, 33, 34, 40 and 46) within the left IFG also found significant result. The polymorphism rs2007044 showed significant effect on the oxy-Hb data (F = 5.072, P = 0.026) and showed significant interaction effect with channels on the deoxy-Hb data (F = 2.841, P = 0.015). Taken together, results of this study suggested that rs2007044 could affect the activation of the left IFG, which was a possible brain mechanism underlying the association between CACNA1C gene polymorphism and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, HePing Hospital of Chang Zhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Jinguo Zhai
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Boqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | | | - Yutao Xiang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing 100088, PR China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Dawei Li
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongjie Wu
- Shengli Hospital of Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau, Dongying 257022, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China.
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20
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Tabeeva GR. Neurostimulation of the supraorbital nerve with the Cefaly device - a new method for the treatment of migraine. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:133-140. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119031133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Jiang W, King TZ, Turner JA. Imaging Genetics Towards a Refined Diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:494. [PMID: 31354550 PMCID: PMC6639711 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Current diagnoses of schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders are classified by phenomenological principles and clinical descriptions while ruling out other symptoms and conditions. Specific biomarkers are needed to assist the current diagnostic system. However, complicated gene and environment interactions induce great disease heterogeneity. This unclear etiology and heterogeneity raise difficulties in distinguishing schizophrenia-related effects. Simultaneously, the overlap in symptoms, genetic variations, and brain alterations in schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders raises similar difficulties in determining disease-specific effects. Imaging genetics is a unique methodology to assess the impact of genetic factors on both brain structure and function. More importantly, imaging genetics builds a bridge to understand the behavioral and clinical implications of genetics and neuroimaging. By characterizing and quantifying the brain measures affected in psychiatric disorders, imaging genetics is contributing to identifying potential biomarkers for schizophrenia and related disorders. To date, candidate gene analysis, genome-wide association studies, polygenetic risk score analysis, and large-scale collaborative studies have made contributions to the understanding of schizophrenia with the potential to serve as biomarkers. Despite limitations, imaging genetics remains promising as more aggregative, clustering methods and imaging genetics-compatible clinical assessments are employed in future studies. We review imaging genetics' contribution to our understanding of the heterogeneity within schizophrenia and the commonalities across schizophrenia and other diagnostic borders, and we will discuss whether imaging genetics is ready to form its own diagnostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tricia Z King
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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22
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Krautheim JT, Straube B, Dannlowski U, Pyka M, Schneider-Hassloff H, Drexler R, Krug A, Sommer J, Rietschel M, Witt SH, Kircher T. Outgroup emotion processing in the vACC is modulated by childhood trauma and CACNA1C risk variant. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 13:341-348. [PMID: 29385621 PMCID: PMC5836282 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A high frequency of outgroup contact—as experienced by urban dwellers and migrants—possibly increases schizophrenia risk. This risk might be further amplified by genetic and environmental risk factors, such as the A-allele of rs1006737 within the calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C gene and childhood interpersonal trauma (CIT). Both have been related to ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) functioning. We investigated vACC functioning, during ingroup and outgroup emotion perception in relation to rs1006737 and CIT. Group membership was manipulated through a minimal group paradigm. Thus, in our functional magnetic resonance imaging study, a group of healthy Caucasian participants (n = 178) viewed video-recorded facial emotions (happy vs angry) of actors artificially assigned to represent the ingroup or the outgroup. Rs1006737 and CIT were related to brain activation for group and emotion specific processing. The group–emotion interaction in the vACC showed reduced sensitivity to emotional valence for outgroup member processing. Specifically for the angry outgroup condition, we found a gene by environment interaction in vACC activity. We speculate that the increased schizophrenia risk in migrants and urban dwellers could therefore be facilitated via this pathophysiological pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes T Krautheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Pyka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Drexler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
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23
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Takeuchi H, Tomita H, Taki Y, Kikuchi Y, Ono C, Yu Z, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, Hanawa S, Araki T, Miyauchi CM, Sakaki K, Nozawa T, Ikeda S, Yokota S, Magistro D, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. A Common CACNA1C Gene Risk Variant has Sex-Dependent Effects on Behavioral Traits and Brain Functional Activity. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:3211-3219. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have suggested that allelic variations in the CACNA1C gene confer susceptibility to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder only in women. Here we investigated the sex-specific effects of the CACNA1C variant rs1024582 on psychiatry-related traits, brain activity during tasks and rest, and brain volume in 1207 normal male and female subjects. After correcting for multiple comparisons, there were significant interaction effects between sex and the minor allele of this polymorphism on the hostile behavior subscale scores of the Coronary-Prone Type Scale mediated by higher scores in female carriers of the minor allele. Imaging analyses revealed significant interaction effects between sex and the minor allele on fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and on brain activity during the 2-back task in areas of the right posterior cingulate cortex, right thalamus, and right hippocampus, which were all mediated by reduced activity in female carriers of the minor allele. Our results demonstrated that the rs1024582 risk variant of CACNA1C is associated with reduced activity in the frontolimbic regions at rest and during a working memory task as well as with greater hostility in females in the healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kikuchi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ono
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical-Industry Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Collaborative Research Center for Happiness Co-Creation Society through Intelligent Communications, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ikeda
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokota
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daniele Magistro
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yuko Sassa
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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24
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Pigoni A, Delvecchio G, Altamura AC, Soares JC, Fagnani C, Brambilla P. The role of genes and environment on brain alterations in Major Depressive Disorder: A review of twin studies: Special Section on "Translational and Neuroscience Studies in Affective Disorders". Section Editor, Maria Nobile MD, PhD. This Section of JAD focuses on the relevance of translational and neuroscience studies in providing a better understanding of the neural basis of affective disorders. The main aim is to briefly summaries relevant research findings in clinical neuroscience with particular regards to specific innovative topics in mood and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 2018; 234:346-350. [PMID: 29100658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it has been consistently reported the important role of genetic and environmental risk factors on structural and functional alterations in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), the mechanism and the magnitude of the interactions between specific genetic and/or environmental risk factors on brain structures in this disabling disorder are still elusive. Therefore, in the last two decades an increased interest has been devoted to neuroimaging investigations on monozygotic and dizygotic twin samples mainly because their intrinsic characteristics may help to separate the effects of genetic and environmental risk factors on clinical phenotypes, including MDD. METHODS In this context, the present review summarizes results from structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging studies that investigated twin samples in correlation with MDD. RESULTS Overall the results confirmed that a) MDD is characterized by significant alterations in selective brain areas presiding over emotion recognition and evaluation, including amygdala, insula and prefrontal cortices, and b) both genetic and environmental risk factors play a key role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. LIMITATIONS Few MRI studies exploring MDD in twin samples. CONCLUSIONS The specific contribution of both aspects is still not fully elucidated especially because genes and environment have an impact on the same brain areas, which are particularly vulnerable in MDD. Expansion of the current twin sample sizes would help to clearly establish the potential relationship between risk factors and the development of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A C Altamura
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - J C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Fagnani
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - P Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS "E Medea" Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy.
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25
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Schoenen J, Coppola G. Efficacy and mode of action of external trigeminal neurostimulation in migraine. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:545-555. [PMID: 29897267 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1488588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Available preventive drug treatments for migraine lack complete efficacy and often have unpleasant adverse effects. Hence, their clinical utility and therapeutic adherence are limited. Noninvasive neurostimulation methods applied over various peripheral sites (forehead, mastoid, upper arm, cervical vagus nerve) have raised great interest because of their excellent efficacy/tolerance profile. Among them external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) was first to obtain FDA approval for migraine therapy. Areas covered: All clinical trials of eTNS as preventive or acute migraine treatment published in extenso or presented at congresses are reviewed. The paper analyzes neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies on mechanisms of action of eTNS. As many of these studies point toward the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a likely eTNS target, the paper scrutinizes the available literature on the ACC implication in migraine pathophysiology. Expert commentary: eTNS is a viable alternative to standard pharmacological antimigraine strategies both for prevention and abortive therapy. eTNS could chiefly exert its action by modulating the perigenual ACC, which might also be of interest for treating other disorders like fibromyalgia or depression. It remains to be determined if this might be a common mechanism to other peripheral noninvasive neurostimulation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Schoenen
- a Headache Research Unit , University Department of Neurology CHR Citadelle Hospital , Liège , Belgium
| | - Gianluca Coppola
- b Research Unit of Neurophysiology of Vision and Neuro-Ophthalmology , G. B. Bietti Foundation IRCCS , Rome , Italy
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Klaus K, Butler K, Gutierrez H, Durrant SJ, Pennington K. Interactive effects of early life stress and CACNA1C genotype on cortisol awakening response. Biol Psychol 2018; 136:22-28. [PMID: 29733866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The rs1006737 (A/G) single nucleotide polymorphism within the gene encoding the Cav1.2 subunit of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (CACNA1C) has been strongly implicated in psychiatric disorders. In addition, calcium channels are sensitive to the effects of glucocorticoids and functional variation may contribute to altered stress responsivity. This study aimed to investigate the role of early life stress (ELS) and its interaction with CACNA1C rs1006737 in affecting the cortisol awakening response (CAR), an indicator of HPA-axis function. Salivary cortisol was measured in 103 healthy adult males (aged 21-63) on two consecutive days at awakening and 30 min later. The ELS measure investigated self-reported adverse life events prior to age 17. The results revealed a marginally significant main effect of CACNA1C, a significant main effect of ELS, and a significant genotype-by-ELS interaction on the CAR, whereby non-risk allele carriers (GG) who had experienced early adversity showed higher CAR compared to the other groups. Further exploratory analyses showed that this interaction may have arisen from individuals who had experienced ELS before adolescence (prior to age 13). This study is the first to provide evidence that the effect of ELS on CAR may be partially moderated via CACNA1C rs1006737 genotype, whereby the heightened CAR in the GG-ELS group may be an indicator of mental health resilience in response to ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Klaus
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Wharf, Lincoln, LN5 7AT, UK
| | - K Butler
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Wharf, Lincoln, LN5 7AT, UK
| | - H Gutierrez
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN7 6TS, UK
| | - S J Durrant
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Wharf, Lincoln, LN5 7AT, UK
| | - K Pennington
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Wharf, Lincoln, LN5 7AT, UK.
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27
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Walter H. [Research domain criteria (RDoC) : Psychiatric research as applied cognitive neuroscience]. DER NERVENARZT 2018; 88:538-548. [PMID: 28188401 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-017-0284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Just before the official launch of the DSM-5 in 2013, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative of the National Institute of Mental Health was made public and is becoming increasingly more important in psychiatric research. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to clarify the conceptual approach of RDoC, to systematically discuss limitations, to present exemplary RDoC-based studies and to consider the relevance of the RDoC concepts for clinicians and scientists. MATERIAL AND METHODS The is a qualitative introduction and review article with a critical discussion. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The RDoC initiative was not conceived as an alternative diagnostic manual to DSM-5 or IDC-10/11 for use in clinical practice. It is a new systematic framework for psychiatric research based on the most recent results of cognitive neuroscience and aims to map mental disorders dimensionally and transdiagnostically. Despite some weaknesses, it is currently the most elaborated and scientifically grounded approach for multidisciplinary research on mental disorders. In contrast to the purely symptom-based DSM and ICD approaches, which are agnostic with respect to the pathogenesis of mental diseases, the explicit aim of the RDoC initiative is to systematize biological knowledge about risk factors and causes of mental disorders; therefore, it has a much greater potential to develop new and individualized therapeutic strategies based on disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Walter
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
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Schneider M, Walter H, Moessnang C, Schäfer A, Erk S, Mohnke S, Romund L, Garbusow M, Dixson L, Heinz A, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Tost H. Altered DLPFC-Hippocampus Connectivity During Working Memory: Independent Replication and Disorder Specificity of a Putative Genetic Risk Phenotype for Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:1114-1122. [PMID: 28207073 PMCID: PMC5581908 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Altered connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampus during working memory is considered an intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia (SCZ), but the relevance for other mental disorders with shared genetic background remains unknown. Here we investigated its presence in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD). Furthermore, we aimed to provide an independent replication of this phenotype in first-degree relatives of SCZ patients. We acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 309 healthy controls and 218 healthy first-degree relatives of index patients with SCZ (n = 62), BD (n = 66) and MDD (n = 90), who completed the n-back working memory paradigm. We observed a significant group effect on DLPFC-hippocampus coupling (PFWE = .031, all P-values region of interest [ROI] corrected). Post hoc comparisons revealed that this effect was driven by the SCZ relatives, who showed a significant increase in the negative functional connectivity of the DLPFC and right hippocampus compared to controls (PFWE = .001), BD relatives (PFWE = .015) and trend-wise also MDD relatives (PFWE = .082). Comparison of BD and MDD relatives to the controls revealed no difference (PFWE-values > .451). Supplementary analyses suggested that the SCZ relatives finding is robust to a range of potential confounds, including structural differences. Our data further support altered DLPFC-hippocampus connectivity during working memory as an intermediate phenotype for SCZ. This suggests that this phenotype is relatively specific to SCZ and does not translate to other genetically related disorders in the mood-psychosis spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,These authors contributed equally
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany,These authors contributed equally
| | - Carolin Moessnang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Axel Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Erk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mohnke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lydia Romund
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Garbusow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luanna Dixson
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,These authors contributed equally
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,These authors contributed equally.,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; tel: +49-621-1703-6508, fax: +49-621-1703-2005, e-mail:
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29
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Carter CS, Bearden CE, Bullmore ET, Geschwind DH, Glahn DC, Gur RE, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Weinberger DR. Enhancing the Informativeness and Replicability of Imaging Genomics Studies. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:157-164. [PMID: 27793332 PMCID: PMC5318285 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Imaging genomics is a new field of investigation that seeks to gain insights into the impact of human genetic variation on the structure, chemistry, and function of neural systems in health and disease. Because publications in this field have increased over the past decade, increasing concerns have been raised about false-positive results entering the literature. Here, we provide an overview of the field of imaging genomic and genetic approaches and discuss factors related to research design and analysis that can enhance the informativeness and replicability of these studies. We conclude that imaging genetic studies can provide important insights into the role of human genetic variation on neural systems and circuits, both in the context of normal quantitative variation and in relation to neuropsychiatric disease. We also argue that demonstrating genetic association to imaging-derived traits is subject to the same constraints as any other genetic study, including stringent type I error control. Adequately powered studies are necessary; however, there are currently limited data available to allow precise estimates of effect sizes for candidate gene studies. Independent replication is necessary before a result can be considered definitive, and for studies with small sample sizes it is necessary before publication. Increased transparency of methods and enhanced data sharing will further enhance replicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S. Carter
- University of California at Davis, 4701 X Street Sacramento, CA 95816, phone 916 7348883 fax 916 7347884,
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30
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Wackerhagen C, Wüstenberg T, Mohnke S, Erk S, Veer IM, Kruschwitz JD, Garbusow M, Romund L, Otto K, Schweiger JI, Tost H, Heinz A, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Walter H, Romanczuk-Seiferth N. Influence of Familial Risk for Depression on Cortico-Limbic Connectivity During Implicit Emotional Processing. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1729-1738. [PMID: 28294134 PMCID: PMC5518910 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imbalances in cortico-limbic activity and functional connectivity (FC) supposedly underlie biased emotional processing and present putative intermediate phenotypes (IPs) for major depressive disorder (MDD). To prove the validity of these IPs, we assessed them in familial risk. In 70 healthy first-degree relatives of MDD patients and 70 controls, brain activity and seed-based amygdala FC were assessed during an implicit emotional processing task for fMRI containing angry and fearful faces. Using the generalized psychophysiological interaction approach, amygdala FC was assessed (a) across conditions to provide comparable data to previous studies and (b) compared between conditions to elucidate its implications for emotional processing. Associations of amygdala FC with self-reported negative affect were explored post hoc. Groups did not differ in brain activation. In relatives, amygdala FC across conditions was decreased with superior and medial frontal gyrus (SFG, MFG) and increased with subgenual and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC, pgACC). NA was inversely correlated with amygdala FC with MFG, pgACC and their interaction in relatives. Relatives showed aberrant condition-dependent modulations of amygdala FC with visual cortex, thalamus and orbitofrontal cortex. Our results do not support imbalanced cortico-limbic activity as IP for MDD. Diminished amygdala-dorsomedial prefrontal FC in relatives might indicate insufficient regulatory capacity, which appears to be compensated by ventromedial prefrontal regions. Differential task-dependent modulations of amygdala FC are discussed as a stronger involvement of automatic instead of voluntary emotional processing pathways. Reliability and etiological implications of these results should be investigated in future studies including longitudinal designs and patient-risk-control comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Wackerhagen
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Wüstenberg
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mohnke
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann D Kruschwitz
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Garbusow
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lydia Romund
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Otto
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janina I Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Differential Roles for L-Type Calcium Channel Subtypes in Alcohol Dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1058-1069. [PMID: 27905406 PMCID: PMC5506795 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has previously been shown that the inhibition of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) decreases alcohol consumption, although the contribution of the central LTCC subtypes Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 remains unknown. Here, we determined changes in Cav1.2 (Cacna1c) and Cav1.3 (Cacna1d) mRNA and protein expression in alcohol-dependent rats during protracted abstinence and naive controls using in situ hybridization and western blot analysis. Functional validation was obtained by electrophysiological recordings of calcium currents in dissociated hippocampal pyramidal neurons. We then measured alcohol self-administration and cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in dependent and nondependent rats after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of the LTCC antagonist verapamil, as well as in mice with an inducible knockout (KO) of Cav1.2 in Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα)-expressing neurons. Our results show that Cacna1c mRNA concentration was increased in the amygdala and hippocampus of alcohol-dependent rats after 21 days of abstinence, with no changes in Cacna1d mRNA. This was associated with increased Cav1.2 protein concentration and L-type calcium current amplitudes. Further analysis of Cacna1c mRNA in the CA1, basolateral amygdala (BLA), and central amygdala (CeA) revealed a dynamic regulation over time during the development of alcohol dependence. The inhibition of central LTCCs via i.c.v. administration of verapamil prevented cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in alcohol-dependent rats. Further studies in conditional Cav1.2-KO mice showed a lack of dependence-induced increase of alcohol-seeking behavior. Together, our data indicate that central Cav1.2 channels, rather than Cav1.3, mediate alcohol-seeking behavior. This finding may be of interest for the development of new antirelapse medications.
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32
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Van der Auwera S, Wittfeld K, Shumskaya E, Bralten J, Zwiers MP, Onnink AMH, Usberti N, Hertel J, Völzke H, Völker U, Hosten N, Franke B, Grabe HJ. Predicting brain structure in population-based samples with biologically informed genetic scores for schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:324-332. [PMID: 28304149 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with brain structural abnormalities including gray and white matter volume reductions. Whether these alterations are caused by genetic risk variants for schizophrenia is unclear. Previous attempts to detect associations between polygenic factors for schizophrenia and structural brain phenotypes in healthy subjects have been negative or remain non-replicated. In this study, we used genetic risk scores that were based on the accumulated effect of selected risk variants for schizophrenia belonging to specific biological systems like synaptic function, neurodevelopment, calcium signaling, and glutamatergic neurotransmission. We hypothesized that this "biologically informed" approach would provide the missing link between genetic risk for schizophrenia and brain structural phenotypes. We applied whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses in two population-based target samples and subsequent regions of interest (ROIs) analyses in an independent replication sample (total N = 2725). No consistent association between the genetic scores and brain volumes were observed in the investigated samples. These results suggest that in healthy subjects with a higher genetic risk for schizophrenia additional factors apart from common genetic variants (e.g., infection, trauma, rare genetic variants, or gene-gene interactions) are required to induce structural abnormalities of the brain. Further studies are recommended to test for possible gene-gene or gene-environment effects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Marten H Onnink
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niccolo Usberti
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK-German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZD-German Centre for Diabetes Research, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and, Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
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Miskowiak KW, Kjærstad HL, Meluken I, Petersen JZ, Maciel BR, Köhler CA, Vinberg M, Kessing LV, Carvalho AF. The search for neuroimaging and cognitive endophenotypes: A critical systematic review of studies involving unaffected first-degree relatives of individuals with bipolar disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 73:1-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Erk S, Mohnke S, Ripke S, Lett TA, Veer IM, Wackerhagen C, Grimm O, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Degenhardt F, Tost H, Mattheisen M, Mühleisen TW, Charlet K, Skarabis N, Kiefer F, Cichon S, Witt SH, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M, Heinz A, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Walter H. Functional neuroimaging effects of recently discovered genetic risk loci for schizophrenia and polygenic risk profile in five RDoC subdomains. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e997. [PMID: 28072415 PMCID: PMC5545733 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, 125 loci with genome-wide support for association with schizophrenia were identified. We investigated the impact of these variants and their accumulated genetic risk on brain activation in five neurocognitive domains of the Research Domain Criteria (working memory, reward processing, episodic memory, social cognition and emotion processing). In 578 healthy subjects we tested for association (i) of a polygenic risk profile score (RPS) including all single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reaching genome-wide significance in the recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analysis and (ii) of all independent genome-wide significant loci separately that showed sufficient distribution of all allelic groups in our sample (105 SNPs). The RPS was nominally associated with perigenual anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate/precuneus activation during episodic memory (PFWE(ROI)=0.047) and social cognition (PFWE(ROI)=0.025), respectively. Single SNP analyses revealed that rs9607782, located near EP300, was significantly associated with amygdala recruitment during emotion processing (PFWE(ROI)=1.63 × 10-4, surpassing Bonferroni correction for the number of SNPs). Importantly, this association was replicable in an independent sample (N=150; PFWE(ROI)<0.025). Other SNP effects previously associated with imaging phenotypes were nominally significant, but did not withstand correction for the number of SNPs tested. To assess whether there was true signal within our data, we repeated single SNP analyses with 105 randomly chosen non-schizophrenia-associated variants, observing fewer significant results and lower association probabilities. Applying stringent methodological procedures, we found preliminary evidence for the notion that genetic risk for schizophrenia conferred by rs9607782 may be mediated by amygdala function. We critically evaluate the potential caveats of the methodological approaches employed and offer suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Erk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany,Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany,Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin D-10117, Germany. E-mail: or
| | - S Mohnke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany,Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany,Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin D-10117, Germany. E-mail: or
| | - S Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany,Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T A Lett
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany,Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - I M Veer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany,Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Wackerhagen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany,Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Degenhardt
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Charlet
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Skarabis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany,Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Kiefer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - H Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany,Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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35
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The polygenic risk for bipolar disorder influences brain regional function relating to visual and default state processing of emotional information. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:838-844. [PMID: 27857885 PMCID: PMC5103100 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wise association studies have identified a number of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), each of small effect, associated with risk to bipolar disorder (BD). Several risk-conferring SNPs have been individually shown to influence regional brain activation thus linking genetic risk for BD to altered brain function. The current study examined whether the polygenic risk score method, which models the cumulative load of all known risk-conferring SNPs, may be useful in the identification of brain regions whose function may be related to the polygenic architecture of BD. We calculated the individual polygenic risk score for BD (PGR-BD) in forty-one patients with the disorder, twenty-five unaffected first-degree relatives and forty-six unrelated healthy controls using the most recent Psychiatric Genomics Consortium data. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to define task-related brain activation patterns in response to facial affect and working memory processing. We found significant effects of the PGR-BD score on task-related activation irrespective of diagnostic group. There was a negative association between the PGR-BD score and activation in the visual association cortex during facial affect processing. In contrast, the PGR-BD score was associated with failure to deactivate the ventromedial prefrontal region of the default mode network during working memory processing. These results are consistent with the threshold-liability model of BD, and demonstrate the usefulness of the PGR-BD score in identifying brain functional alternations associated with vulnerability to BD. Additionally, our findings suggest that the polygenic architecture of BD is not regionally confined but impacts on the task-dependent recruitment of multiple brain regions.
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Kabir ZD, Lee AS, Rajadhyaksha AM. L-type Ca 2+ channels in mood, cognition and addiction: integrating human and rodent studies with a focus on behavioural endophenotypes. J Physiol 2016; 594:5823-5837. [PMID: 26913808 PMCID: PMC5063939 DOI: 10.1113/jp270673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain Cav 1.2 and Cav 1.3 L-type Ca2+ channels play key physiological roles in various neuronal processes that contribute to brain function. Genetic studies have recently identified CACNA1C as a candidate risk gene for bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and CACNA1D for BD and ASD, suggesting a contribution of Cav 1.2 and Cav 1.3 Ca2+ signalling to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Once considered sole clinical entities, it is now clear that BD, SCZ, MDD and ASD share common phenotypic features, most likely due to overlapping neurocircuitry and common molecular mechanisms. A major future challenge lies in translating the human genetic findings to pathological mechanisms that are translatable back to the patient. One approach for tackling such a daunting scientific endeavour for complex behaviour-based neuropsychiatric disorders is to examine intermediate biological phenotypes in the context of endophenotypes within distinct behavioural domains. This will better allow us to integrate findings from genes to behaviour across species, and improve the chances of translating preclinical findings to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z D Kabir
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - A S Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - A M Rajadhyaksha
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Tao C, Nichols TE, Hua X, Ching CRK, Rolls ET, Thompson PM, Feng J. Generalized reduced rank latent factor regression for high dimensional tensor fields, and neuroimaging-genetic applications. Neuroimage 2016; 144:35-57. [PMID: 27666385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a generalized reduced rank latent factor regression model (GRRLF) for the analysis of tensor field responses and high dimensional covariates. The model is motivated by the need from imaging-genetic studies to identify genetic variants that are associated with brain imaging phenotypes, often in the form of high dimensional tensor fields. GRRLF identifies from the structure in the data the effective dimensionality of the data, and then jointly performs dimension reduction of the covariates, dynamic identification of latent factors, and nonparametric estimation of both covariate and latent response fields. After accounting for the latent and covariate effects, GRLLF performs a nonparametric test on the remaining factor of interest. GRRLF provides a better factorization of the signals compared with common solutions, and is less susceptible to overfitting because it exploits the effective dimensionality. The generality and the flexibility of GRRLF also allow various statistical models to be handled in a unified framework and solutions can be efficiently computed. Within the field of neuroimaging, it improves the sensitivity for weak signals and is a promising alternative to existing approaches. The operation of the framework is demonstrated with both synthetic datasets and a real-world neuroimaging example in which the effects of a set of genes on the structure of the brain at the voxel level were measured, and the results compared favorably with those from existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Tao
- Centre for Computational Systems Biology and School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Computer Science, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Xue Hua
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Department of Computer Science, Warwick University, Coventry, UK; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, Pediatrics, and Ophthalmology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Centre for Computational Systems Biology and School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Computer Science, Warwick University, Coventry, UK; School of Life Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Lancaster TM, Foley S, Tansey KE, Linden DEJ, Caseras X. CACNA1C risk variant is associated with increased amygdala volume. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:269-75. [PMID: 26048451 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies suggest that genetic variation within L-type calcium channel subunits confer risk to psychosis. The single nucleotide polymorphism at rs1006737 in CACNA1C has been associated with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and with several intermediate phenotypes that may serve as neurobiological antecedents, linking psychosis to genetic aetiology. Amongst others, it has been implicated in alterations in amygdala structure and function. In the present study, we show that the risk allele (A) is associated with increased amygdala volume in healthy individuals (n = 258). This observation reinforces a hypothesis that genetic variation may confer risk to psychosis via alterations in limbic structures. Further study of CACNA1C using intermediate phenotypes for psychosis will determine the mechanisms by which variation in this gene confers risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Lancaster
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales, UK. .,Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK.
| | - S Foley
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - K E Tansey
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - D E J Linden
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales, UK.,Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - X Caseras
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Huang L, Mo Y, Sun X, Yu H, Li H, Wu L, Li M. The impact of CACNA1C allelic variation on regional gray matter volume in Chinese population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:396-401. [PMID: 26756527 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The SNP rs1006737 in CACNA1C gene has been significantly associated with psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) in European populations. In Han Chinese, rs1006737 is also strongly associated with schizophrenia, although the effects of the psychosis risk SNP on related brain functions and structures in this population remain unclear. Here, we examined the association of rs1006737 with gray matter volume in a sample of 278 healthy Han Chinese. A whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis revealed a significant association in the region around right superior occipital gyrus (family-wise error corrected, P = 0.023). Our data provides initial evidence for the involvement of this psychosis genetic risk locus in brain structure variations in Chinese population, and calls for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yin Mo
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuejin Sun
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hualin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lichuan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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CACNA1C risk variant affects facial emotion recognition in healthy individuals. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17349. [PMID: 26611642 PMCID: PMC4661469 DOI: 10.1038/srep17349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition and correct interpretation of facial emotion is essential for social interaction and communication. Previous studies have shown that impairments in this cognitive domain are common features of several psychiatric disorders. Recent association studies identified CACNA1C as one of the most promising genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders and previous evidence suggests that the most replicated risk variant in CACNA1C (rs1006737) is affecting emotion recognition and processing. However, studies investigating the influence of rs1006737 on this intermediate phenotype in healthy subjects at the behavioral level are largely missing to date. Here, we applied the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test, a facial emotion recognition paradigm in a cohort of 92 healthy individuals to address this question. Whereas accuracy was not affected by genotype, CACNA1C rs1006737 risk-allele carries (AA/AG) showed significantly slower mean response times compared to individuals homozygous for the G-allele, indicating that healthy risk-allele carriers require more information to correctly identify a facial emotion. Our study is the first to provide evidence for an impairing behavioral effect of the CACNA1C risk variant rs1006737 on facial emotion recognition in healthy individuals and adds to the growing number of studies pointing towards CACNA1C as affecting intermediate phenotypes of psychiatric disorders.
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Closing the translational gap between mutant mouse models and the clinical reality of psychotic illness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 58:19-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Zanos P, Bhat S, Terrillion CE, Smith RJ, Tonelli LH, Gould TD. Sex-dependent modulation of age-related cognitive decline by the L-type calcium channel gene Cacna1c (Cav 1.2). Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2499-507. [PMID: 25989111 PMCID: PMC4615431 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased calcium influx through L-type voltage-gated calcium channels has been implicated in the neuronal dysfunction underlying age-related memory declines. The present study aimed to test the specific role of Cacna1c (which encodes Cav 1.2) in modulating age-related memory dysfunction. Short-term, spatial and contextual/emotional memory was evaluated in young and aged, wild-type as well as mice with one functional copy of Cacna1c (haploinsufficient), using the novel object recognition, Y-maze and passive avoidance tasks, respectively. Hippocampal expression of Cacna1c mRNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Ageing was associated with object recognition and contextual/emotional memory deficits, and a significant increase in hippocampal Cacna1c mRNA expression. Cacna1c haploinsufficiency was associated with decreased Cacna1c mRNA expression in both young and old animals. However, haploinsufficient mice did not manifest an age-related increase in expression of this gene. Behaviourally, Cacna1c haploinsufficiency prevented object recognition deficits during ageing in both male and female mice. A significant correlation between higher Cacna1c levels and decreased object recognition performance was observed in both sexes. Also, a sex-dependent protective role of decreased Cacna1c levels in contextual/emotional memory loss has been observed, specifically in male mice. These data provide evidence for an association between increased hippocampal Cacna1c expression and age-related cognitive decline. Additionally, they indicate an interaction between the Cacna1c gene and sex in the modulation of age-related contextual memory declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Zanos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shambhu Bhat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Robert J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Leonardo H. Tonelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Todd D. Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Jiang H, Qiao F, Li Z, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Xu X, Yu L. Evaluating the association between CACNA1C rs1006737 and schizophrenia risk: A meta-analysis. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2015; 7:260-7. [PMID: 25588813 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic analyses including genome-wide association studies have reported an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1006737 in CACNA1C gene (encoded calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit) as a risk factor for schizophrenia in European populations. The replications in other ethnic populations such as East Asians have also been conducted, but the results were inconsistent, either likely due to the limited sample size of single study or genetic heterogeneity between continental populations on this locus. METHODS We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of all available samples from existing studies of East Asian populations, including a total of 9,432 cases and 10,661 controls, to further confirm whether CACNA1C rs1006737 is an authentic risk SNP for schizophrenia in East Asian populations. RESULTS Our results revealed a significant association between rs1006737 and schizophrenia (allelic model, P = 4.39 × 10(-6) , pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.20), and the results were much strengthened when the European and East Asian samples were combined together (P = 2.40 × 10(-17) , pooled OR = 1.12). There is no significant heterogeneity or publication bias between individual studies, and removal of any single study still remained significant associations between rs1006737 and schizophrenia. DISCUSSION Our results further confirmed that rs1006737 should be categorized as an authentic risk SNP for schizophrenia in the general populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Jiang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Ou X, Crane DE, MacIntosh BJ, Young LT, Arnold P, Ameis S, Goldstein BI. CACNA1C rs1006737 genotype and bipolar disorder: Focus on intermediate phenotypes and cardiovascular comorbidity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:198-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Genetic factors account for up to 80% of the liability for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with increased risk for both disorders. Single SNP analyses alone do not address the overall genomic or polygenic architecture of psychiatric disorders as the amount of phenotypic variation explained by each GWAS-supported SNP is small whereas the number of SNPs/regions underlying risk for illness is thought to be very large. The polygenic risk score models the aggregate effect of alleles associated with disease status present in each individual and allows us to utilise the power of large GWAS to be applied robustly in small samples. Here we make the case that risk prediction, intervention and personalised medicine can only benefit with the inclusion of polygenic risk scores in imaging genetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Dima
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerome Breen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, UK
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Zhao Z, Xu J, Chen J, Kim S, Reimers M, Bacanu SA, Yu H, Liu C, Sun J, Wang Q, Jia P, Xu F, Zhang Y, Kendler KS, Peng Z, Chen X. Transcriptome sequencing and genome-wide association analyses reveal lysosomal function and actin cytoskeleton remodeling in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:563-572. [PMID: 25113377 PMCID: PMC4326626 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are severe mental disorders with high heritability. Clinicians have long noticed the similarities of clinic symptoms between these disorders. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates some shared genetic liabilities. However, what is shared remains elusive. In this study, we conducted whole transcriptome analysis of post-mortem brain tissues (cingulate cortex) from SCZ, BPD and control subjects, and identified differentially expressed genes in these disorders. We found 105 and 153 genes differentially expressed in SCZ and BPD, respectively. By comparing the t-test scores, we found that many of the genes differentially expressed in SCZ and BPD are concordant in their expression level (q⩽0.01, 53 genes; q⩽0.05, 213 genes; q⩽0.1, 885 genes). Using genome-wide association data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, we found that these differentially and concordantly expressed genes were enriched in association signals for both SCZ (P<10(-7)) and BPD (P=0.029). To our knowledge, this is the first time that a substantially large number of genes show concordant expression and association for both SCZ and BPD. Pathway analyses of these genes indicated that they are involved in the lysosome, Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathways, along with several cancer pathways. Functional analyses of these genes revealed an interconnected pathway network centered on lysosomal function and the regulation of actin cytoskeleton. These pathways and their interacting network were principally confirmed by an independent transcriptome sequencing data set of the hippocampus. Dysregulation of lysosomal function and cytoskeleton remodeling has direct impacts on endocytosis, phagocytosis, exocytosis, vesicle trafficking, neuronal maturation and migration, neurite outgrowth and synaptic density and plasticity, and different aspects of these processes have been implicated in SCZ and BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Zhao
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jiabao Xu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Stanley Laboratory of Brain Research, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Mark Reimers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jingchun Sun
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Quan Wang
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fengping Xu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zhiyu Peng
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Abstract
The last several years have been breakthrough ones in bipolar disorder (BPD) genetics, as the field has identified robust risk variants for the first time. Leading the way have been genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have assessed common genetic markers across very large groups of patients and controls. These have resulted in findings in genes including ANK3, CACNA1C, SYNE1, ODZ4, and TRANK1. Additional studies have begun to examine the biology of these genes and how risk variants influence aspects of brain and behavior that underlie BPD. For example, carriers of the CACNA1C risk variant have been found to exhibit hippocampal and anterior cingulate dysfunction during episodic memory recall. This work has shed additional light on the relationship of bipolar susceptibility variants to other disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Even larger BPD GWAS are expected with samples now amassed of 21,035 cases and 28,758 controls. Studies have examined the pharmacogenomics of BPD with studies of lithium response, yielding high profile results that remain to be confirmed. The next frontier in the field is the identification of rare bipolar susceptibility variants through large-scale DNA sequencing. While only a couple of papers have been published to date, many studies are underway. The Bipolar Sequencing Consortium has been formed to bring together all of the groups working in this area, and to perform meta-analyses of the data generated. The consortium, with 13 member groups, now has exome data on ~3,500 cases and ~5,000 controls, and on ~162 families. The focus will likely shift within several years from exome data to whole genome data as costs of obtaining such data continue to drop. Gene-mapping studies are now providing clear results that provide insights into the pathophysiology of the disorder. Sequencing studies should extend this process further. Findings could eventually set the stage for rational therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Shinozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Bosia M, Pigoni A, Cavallaro R. Genomics and epigenomics in novel schizophrenia drug discovery: translating animal models to clinical research and back. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 10:125-39. [PMID: 25345474 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.976552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder that afflicts about 1% of the world's population, falling into the top 10 medical disorders causing disability. Existing therapeutic strategies have had limited success; they have poor effects on core cognitive impairment and long-term disability. They are also burdened by relevant side effects. Although new antipsychotic medications have been launched in the past decades, there has been a general lack of significant innovation over the past 60 years. This lack of significant progress in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia is a reflection of the complexity and heterogeneity of its etiopathogenetic mechanisms. AREAS COVERED In this article, the authors briefly review genetic models of schizophrenia, focusing on examples of how new therapeutic strategies have been developed from them. They report on the evidence of epigenetic alterations in schizophrenia and their relevance to pharmacological studies. Further, they describe the implications of epigenetic mechanisms in the etiopathogenesis of the disease and the effects of current antipsychotic drugs on epigenetic processes. Finally, they provide their perspective of using epigenetic drugs for treating schizophrenia. EXPERT OPINION Current genetic and epigenetic studies are finally shedding light on the biomolecular mechanisms linked to the core pathogenetic alterations in schizophrenia, rather than just their symptoms. These advancements in the understanding of the physiopathology of schizophrenia provide exciting new perspectives for treatments. Indeed, the possibility of looking directly at the biomolecular level allows us to bypass the age-old issues of animal studies pertaining to their questionable validity as behavioral models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bosia
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127 Milano , Italy +390 226 433 218 ; +390 226 433 265 ;
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CACNA1C risk variant affects reward responsiveness in healthy individuals. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e461. [PMID: 25290268 PMCID: PMC4350510 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The variant at rs1006737 in the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (alpha 1c subunit) CACNA1C gene is reliably associated with both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. We investigated whether this risk variant affects reward responsiveness because reward processing is one of the central cognitive-motivational domains implicated in both disorders. In a sample of 164 young, healthy individuals, we show a dose-dependent response, where the rs1006737 risk genotype was associated with blunted reward responsiveness, whereas discriminability did not significantly differ between genotype groups. This finding suggests that the CACNA1C risk locus may have a role in neural pathways that facilitate value representation for rewarding stimuli. Impaired reward processing may be a transdiagnostic phenotype of variation in CACNA1C that could contribute to anhedonia and other clinical features common to both affective and psychotic disorders.
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Potkin SG, Macciardi F, van Erp TGM. Imaging genetics approaches to identify mechanisms in severe mental illness. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:436-7. [PMID: 25149350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Potkin
- Transdisciplinary Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Transdisciplinary Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Transdisciplinary Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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