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Krishnan N. Endocrine Control of Lipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38782869 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lipids are essential in insects and play pleiotropic roles in energy storage, serving as a fuel for energy-driven processes such as reproduction, growth, development, locomotion, flight, starvation response, and diapause induction, maintenance, and termination. Lipids also play fundamental roles in signal transduction, hormone synthesis, forming components of the cell membrane, and thus are essential for maintenance of normal life functions. In insects, the neuroendocrine system serves as a master regulator of most life activities, including growth and development. It is thus important to pay particular attention to the regulation of lipid metabolism through the endocrine system, especially when considering the involvement of peptide hormones in the processes of lipogenesis and lipolysis. In insects, there are several lipogenic and lipolytic hormones that are involved in lipid metabolism such as insulin-like peptides (ILPs), adipokinetic hormone (AKH), 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE), juvenile hormone (JH), and serotonin. Other neuropeptides such as diapause hormone-pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (DH-PBAN), CCHamide-2, short neuropeptide F, and the cytokines Unpaired 1 and 2 may play a role in inducing lipogenesis. On the other hand, neuropeptides such as neuropeptide F, allatostatin-A, corazonin, leukokinin, tachykinins, limostatins, and insulin-like growth factor (ILP6) stimulate lipolysis. This chapter briefly discusses the current knowledge of the endocrine regulation of lipid metabolism in insects that could be utilized to reveal differences between insects and mammalian lipid metabolism which may help understand human diseases associated with dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Physiological similarities of insects to mammals make them valuable model systems for studying human diseases characterized by disrupted lipid metabolism, including conditions like diabetes, obesity, arteriosclerosis, and various metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natraj Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
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Musselman LP, Truong HG, DiAngelo JR. Transcriptional Control of Lipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38782870 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Transcriptional control of lipid metabolism uses a framework that parallels the control of lipid metabolism at the protein or enzyme level, via feedback and feed-forward mechanisms. Increasing the substrates for an enzyme often increases enzyme gene expression, for example. A paucity of product can likewise potentiate transcription or stability of the mRNA encoding the enzyme or enzymes needed to produce it. In addition, changes in second messengers or cellular energy charge can act as on/off switches for transcriptional regulators to control transcript (and protein) abundance. Insects use a wide range of DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) that sense changes in the cell and its environment to produce the appropriate change in transcription at gene promoters. These TFs work together with histones, spliceosomes, and additional RNA processing factors to ultimately regulate lipid metabolism. In this chapter, we will first focus on the important TFs that control lipid metabolism in insects. Next, we will describe non-TF regulators of insect lipid metabolism such as enzymes that modify acetylation and methylation status, transcriptional coactivators, splicing factors, and microRNAs. To conclude, we consider future goals for studying the mechanisms underlying the control of lipid metabolism in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palanker Musselman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Huy G Truong
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus, Reading, PA, USA
| | - Justin R DiAngelo
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus, Reading, PA, USA.
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Kang H, Park YK, Lee JY, Bae M. Roles of Histone Deacetylase 4 in the Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:340-353. [PMID: 38514922 PMCID: PMC11140402 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a class IIa HDAC, has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target in treating inflammatory and metabolic processes based on its essential role in various biological pathways by deacetylating non-histone proteins, including transcription factors. The activity of HDAC4 is regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. The functions of HDAC4 are tissue-dependent in response to endogenous and exogenous factors and their substrates. In particular, the association of HDAC4 with non-histone targets, including transcription factors, such as myocyte enhancer factor 2, hypoxia-inducible factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, and forkhead box proteins, play a crucial role in regulating inflammatory and metabolic processes. This review summarizes the regulatory modes of HDAC4 activity and its functions in inflammation, insulin signaling and glucose metabolism, and cardiac muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Minkyung Bae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Dai X, Lin A, Zhuang L, Zeng Q, Cai L, Wei Y, Liang H, Gao W, Zhang J, Chen X. Targeting SIK3 to modulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function by regulating the transcription of HDAC4 in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:942-952. [PMID: 38057370 PMCID: PMC11039747 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deterioration and memory decline associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) primarily results from synaptic failure. However, current understanding of the upstream regulatory mechanisms controlling synaptic plasticity remains limited. Salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) is central to the signal pathway and is involved in neuronal regulation of sleep duration in mice. We speculated that the SIK3 cascade signaling pathway might contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, the present study employed AD transgenic mouse models, Morris Water Maze, virus-mediated gene transfer, electrophysiology, co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, ChIP-qPCR, Golgi-Cox staining and dendritic spine analysis to investigate this connection. Our results revealed that SIK3 mRNA/protein expression was significantly reduced in middle-aged AD transgenic mouse models and AD patients. Conditional deletion of SIK3 gene in dorsal hippocampal neurons of 5×FAD mice further accelerated cognitive deterioration and impaired synaptic plasticity. In hippocampal neuronal cultures, SIK3 formed a complex with HDAC4, directly phosphorylated HDAC4 and regulated its nuclear cytoplasmic shuttle. Overexpression of SIK3 could facilitate the expression of synaptic plasticity-related genes by directly repressing mef2c or involving the recruitment of histone deacetylase to promoter regions of target genes through regulation of p-HDAC4, and vice versa. Moreover, up-regulation of SLP-S, the truncated fragment of SIK3, in dorsal hippocampal neurons, restored the synaptic plasticity and alleviates the cognitive impairment in 5×FAD mice. Collectively, these findings revealed a novel and important role of SIK3-HDAC4 regulation of synaptic plasticity and propose a new target for therapeutic approaches of cognitive deficits associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Dai
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Anlan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Lvping Zhuang
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Qingyong Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Lili Cai
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Hongjie Liang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Weijie Gao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
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Jiang ZF, Xuan LN, Sun XW, Liu SB, Yin J. Knockdown of SIK3 in the CA1 Region can Reduce Seizure Susceptibility in Mice by Inhibiting Decreases in GABA AR α1 Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1404-1416. [PMID: 37715891 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance between excitation and inhibition is an important cause of epilepsy. Salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) gene mutation can cause epilepsy. In this study, we first found that the expression of SIK3 is increased after epilepsy. Furthermore, the role of SIK3 in epilepsy was explored. In cultured hippocampal neurons, we used Pterosin B, a selective SIK3 inhibitor that can inhibit epileptiform discharges induced by the convulsant drug cyclothiazide (a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors, CTZ). Knockdown of SIK3 inhibited epileptiform discharges and increased the amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). In mice, knockdown of SIK3 reduced epilepsy susceptibility in a pentylenetetrazole (a GABAA receptor antagonist, PTZ) acute kindling experiment and increased the expression of GABAA receptor α1. In conclusion, our results suggest that blockade or knockdown of SIK3 can inhibit epileptiform discharges and that SIK3 has the potential to be a novel target for epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Fu Jiang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
| | - Li-Na Xuan
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Sun
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shao-Bo Liu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
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Loreto JS, Ferreira SA, de Almeida P, da Rocha JBT, Barbosa NV. Screening for Differentially Expressed Memory Genes on a Diabetes Model Induced by High-Sugar Diet in Drosophila melanogaster: Potential Markers for Memory Deficits. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1225-1236. [PMID: 37698834 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to affect a series of cognitive processes including memory, increasing the risk for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although increasing evidence has supported that both diseases share common features, the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting these two disorders remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we used Drosophila melanogaster fed on a high-sugar diet (HSD) to mimic T2DM, and investigate its effects on memory as well as identify potential molecular players associated with the memory deficits induced by HSD. Flies hatched from and reared on HSD for 7 days had a substantial decrease in short-term memory (STM). The screening for memory-related genes using transcriptome data revealed that HSD altered the expression of 33% of memory genes in relation to the control. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a fold change (FC) higher than two, we found five genes, related to synapse and memory trace formation, that could be considered strong candidates to underlie the STM deficits in HSD flies: Abl tyrosine kinase (Abl), bruchpilot (Brp), minibrain (Mnb), shaker (Sh), and gilgamesh (Gish). We also analyzed genes from the dopamine system, one of the most relevant signaling pathways for olfactory memory. Interestingly, the flies fed on HSD presented a decreased expression of the Tyrosine hydroxylase (Ple) and Dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) genes, signals of a possible dopamine deficiency. In this work, we present promising biomarkers to investigate molecular networks shared between T2DM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sepel Loreto
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Antunes Ferreira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pâmela de Almeida
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nilda Vargas Barbosa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Liu M, Yang S, Yang J, Feng P, Luo F, Zhang Q, Yang L, Jiang H. BubR1 controls starvation-induced lipolysis via IMD signaling pathway in Drosophila. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3257-3279. [PMID: 38334966 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Lipolysis, the key process releasing fat acids to generate energy in adipose tissues, correlates with starvation resistance. Nevertheless, its detail mechanisms remain elusive. BubR1, an essential mitotic regulator, ensures proper chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis, but its physiological functions are largely unknown. Here, we use Drosophila adult fat body, the major lipid storage organ, to study the functions of BubR1 in lipolysis. We show that both whole body- and fat body-specific BubR1 depletions increase lipid degradation and shorten the lifespan under fasting but not feeding. Relish, the conserved regulator of IMD signaling pathway, acts as the downstream target of BubR1 to control the expression level of Bmm and modulate the lipolysis upon fasting. Thus, our study reveals new functions of BubR1 in starvation-induced lipolysis and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of lipolysis mediated by IMD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyou Liu
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shengye Yang
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhang
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Zhang H, Lin X, Yang B, Zhang L, Liu Z. Two Point Mutations in CYP4CE1 Promoter Contributed to the Differential Regulation of CYP4CE1 Expression by FoxO between Susceptible and Nitenpyram-Resistant Nilaparvata lugens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1779-1786. [PMID: 38215467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Four P450s were reported to be important for imidacloprid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens, a major insect pest on rice, which was confirmed in this study in an imidacloprid-resistant strain (ImiR). Here we found that only two (CYP4CE1 and CYP6ER1) from these four P450 genes were overexpressed in a nitenpyram-resistant strain (NitR) when compared to a susceptible strain (SUS). CYP4CE1 RNAi reduced nitenpyram and imidacloprid resistance in NitR and ImiR strains, with a greater reduction in nitenpyram resistance. The transcription factor FoxO mediated nitenpyram resistance in NitR and ImiR strains, but it was not differentially expressed among strains. The potential reason for the differential regulation of FoxO on CYP4CE1 expression was mainly from sequence differences in the CYP4CE1 promoter between susceptible and resistant insects. In six FoxO response elements predicted in the CYP4CE1 promoter, the single-nucleotide polymorphisms were frequently detected in over 50% of NitR and ImiR individuals. The luciferase reporter assays showed that two mutations, -650T/G and -2205T/A in two response elements at the positions of -648 and -2200 bp, mainly contributed to the enhanced regulation on CYP4CE1 expression by FoxO in resistant insects. The frequency was over 69% for both -650T/G and -2205T/A detected in NitR and ImiR individuals but less than 20% in SUS insects. In conclusion, CYP4CE1 overexpression importantly contributed to nitenpyram resistance in N. lugens, and two mutations in the CYP4CE1 promoter of resistant insects led to an enhanced regulation on CYP4CE1 expression by FoxO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xumin Lin
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Baojun Yang
- Rice Technology Research and Development Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Stadium 359, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lingchun Zhang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
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Tan WJ, Hawley HR, Wilson SJ, Fitzsimons HL. Deciphering the roles of subcellular distribution and interactions involving the MEF2 binding region, the ankyrin repeat binding motif and the catalytic site of HDAC4 in Drosophila neuronal morphogenesis. BMC Biol 2024; 22:2. [PMID: 38167120 PMCID: PMC10763444 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is associated with several neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, understanding the roles of nuclear and cytoplasmic HDAC4 along with the mechanisms that regulate nuclear entry and exit is an area of concerted effort. Efficient nuclear entry is dependent on binding of the transcription factor MEF2, as mutations in the MEF2 binding region result in cytoplasmic accumulation of HDAC4. It is well established that nuclear exit and cytoplasmic retention are dependent on 14-3-3-binding, and mutations that affect binding are widely used to induce nuclear accumulation of HDAC4. While regulation of HDAC4 shuttling is clearly important, there is a gap in understanding of how the nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of HDAC4 impacts its function. Furthermore, it is unclear whether other features of the protein including the catalytic site, the MEF2-binding region and/or the ankyrin repeat binding motif influence the distribution and/or activity of HDAC4 in neurons. Since HDAC4 functions are conserved in Drosophila, and increased nuclear accumulation of HDAC4 also results in impaired neurodevelopment, we used Drosophila as a genetic model for investigation of HDAC4 function. RESULTS Here we have generated a series of mutants for functional dissection of HDAC4 via in-depth examination of the resulting subcellular distribution and nuclear aggregation, and correlate these with developmental phenotypes resulting from their expression in well-established models of neuronal morphogenesis of the Drosophila mushroom body and eye. We found that in the mushroom body, forced sequestration of HDAC4 in the nucleus or the cytoplasm resulted in defects in axon morphogenesis. The actions of HDAC4 that resulted in impaired development were dependent on the MEF2 binding region, modulated by the ankyrin repeat binding motif, and largely independent of an intact catalytic site. In contrast, disruption to eye development was largely independent of MEF2 binding but mutation of the catalytic site significantly reduced the phenotype, indicating that HDAC4 acts in a neuronal-subtype-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS We found that the impairments to mushroom body and eye development resulting from nuclear accumulation of HDAC4 were exacerbated by mutation of the ankyrin repeat binding motif, whereas there was a differing requirement for the MEF2 binding site and an intact catalytic site. It will be of importance to determine the binding partners of HDAC4 in nuclear aggregates and in the cytoplasm of these tissues to further understand its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jun Tan
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hannah R Hawley
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J Wilson
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Helen L Fitzsimons
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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10
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Dos Santos LV, Silva ERMND, Caiado MS, Rezende SRDF, de Carvalho MG, Pontes EG. Differential expression of brummer and levels of TAG in different developmental stages Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), including fasted adults. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 115:e22084. [PMID: 38288494 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Lipid storage in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) is essential for insect life, as it enables flight, development, and reproduction. The activity of the lipase brummer (bmm) has been shown to be essential to insects' homeostasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate how bmm expression occurs in Aedes aegypti larvae and adults, and to observe TAG levels during fasting in adult females. The bmm sequence was identified in A. aegypti and exhibited a patatin-like phospholipase domain reinforced by the presence of a catalytic dyad with serine and aspartate residues, revealing a high degree of similarity with other organisms. Bmm expression was differentiated in the larvae and adult fat body (FB) following TAG reserve dynamics. Bmm was expressed three times in larval stages L3, L4, and pupae compared with L1 and L2, which could indicate its role in the maturation of these insects. In the postemergence (PE) and post-blood meal (PBM) FB of adult insects, bmm expression varied over several days. PE adults showed a pronounced bmm increase from the third day onward compared with those not subjected to fasting. This was accompanied by a decrease in TAG from the third day onward, suggesting the participation of bmm. Six hours after blood feeding, TAG levels increased in mosquitos reared in the absence of sucrose, suggesting lipid accumulation to guarantee reproduction. Bmm responded positively to fasting, followed by TAG mobilization in adult FB. During the previtellogenic period, bmm levels responded to low TAG levels, unlike the PBM period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Valim Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Silva Caiado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Geraldo de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emerson Guedes Pontes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zhang JJ, Xi GS. Estrogen-related receptor functions via the 20-hydroxyecdysone and IIS/TOR signaling pathways to regulate the development and morphology changes of ant Polyrhachis vicina Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 344:114373. [PMID: 37657761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor (ERR) is a key regulator of insect growth, development, and metabolic processes in insects; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects are not fully understood. We investigated roles of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and insulin/insulin-like signaling/target of rapamycin (IIS/TOR) signaling pathways in the effects of PvERR on larval development, metamorphosis, and adult growth in ant Polyrhachis vicina Roger. PvFOXO expression levels depended on caste and developmental stage. PvERR RNAi significantly reduced the expression levels of IIS/TOR signaling pathway genes and 20E signaling pathway genes in fourth-instar larvae, pupae, females, and workers and significantly increased the expression levels of IIS/TOR signaling pathway genes PvFOXO and PvAkt in males. PvFOXO RNAi resulted in developmental defects and increased mortality. After PvFOXO RNAi, the expression of PvERR, 20E signaling pathway genes, and IIS/TOR signaling pathway genes decreased significantly in pupae, females, and workers and increased significantly in fourth-instar larvae. Exogenous 20E attenuated expression changes induced by PvFOXO RNAi in a sex- and stage-specific manner. These results indicate that ERR interacts with 20E and IIS/TOR signaling pathways to regulate caste determination, metamorphosis, and male fertility in P. vicina and that correlations between PvERR and PvFOXO are caste- and stage-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an International Studies University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710128, PR China; Institute of Zoology, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710119, PR China.
| | - Geng-Si Xi
- Institute of Zoology, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710119, PR China
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12
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Xu H, Zhang J, Jia H, Xing F, Cong H. Serum histone deacetylase 4 longitudinal change for estimating major adverse cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:2689-2696. [PMID: 36849652 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) regulates lipid accumulation, inflammation, endothelial injury, and atherosclerosis to participate in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to explore the value of serum HDAC4 change before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) risk in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. METHODS HDAC4 from serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 340 ACS patients at baseline, day (D)1, D3, and D7 after PCI, and from 30 healthy controls (HCs). MACE was recorded during follow-up. RESULTS HDAC4 was decreased in ACS patients versus HCs (P < 0.001). In ACS patients, HDAC4 was negatively related to total cholesterol (P = 0.025), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.007), C-reactive protein (P < 0.001), cardiac troponin I (P < 0.001), and hyperlipidemia history (P = 0.015). Additionally, HDAC4 was lowest in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, followed by non-STEMI patients, and highest in unstable angina patients (P = 0.010). After PCI, HDAC4 was decreased from baseline to D1, then increased until D7 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, HDAC4 at baseline (P = 0.002), D1 (P < 0.001), D3 (P < 0.001), and D7 (P < 0.001) were all reduced in patients who experienced MACE versus those who did not. Meanwhile, high HDAC4 at baseline (P = 0.036), D1 (P = 0.010), D3 (P = 0.012), and D7 (P = 0.012) estimated decreased accumulating MACE risk by Kaplan-Meier curve. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that HDAC4 at D1 was independently linked to lower MACE risk (odds ratio = 0.957, P = 0.039). CONCLUSION Serum HDAC4 is decreased from baseline to D1, then elevated until D7, and its increased level correlates with lower MACE risk in ACS patients receiving PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical school of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, No. 261 Tai'erzhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xuchang People's Hospital, Xuchang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical school of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, No. 261 Tai'erzhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongdan Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical school of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, No. 261 Tai'erzhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Xuchang People's Hospital, Xuchang, China
| | - Hongliang Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical school of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, No. 261 Tai'erzhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China.
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13
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Darby AM, Lazzaro BP. Interactions between innate immunity and insulin signaling affect resistance to infection in insects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276357. [PMID: 37915572 PMCID: PMC10616485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An active immune response is energetically demanding and requires reallocation of nutrients to support resistance to and tolerance of infection. Insulin signaling is a critical global regulator of metabolism and whole-body homeostasis in response to nutrient availability and energetic needs, including those required for mobilization of energy in support of the immune system. In this review, we share findings that demonstrate interactions between innate immune activity and insulin signaling primarily in the insect model Drosophila melanogaster as well as other insects like Bombyx mori and Anopheles mosquitos. These studies indicate that insulin signaling and innate immune activation have reciprocal effects on each other, but that those effects vary depending on the type of pathogen, route of infection, and nutritional status of the host. Future research will be required to further understand the detailed mechanisms by which innate immunity and insulin signaling activity impact each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Darby
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Brian P. Lazzaro
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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14
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Li Y, Li C, Liu Y, Yu J, Yang J, Cui Y, Wang TV, Li C, Jiang L, Song M, Rao Y. Sleep need, the key regulator of sleep homeostasis, is indicated and controlled by phosphorylation of threonine 221 in salt-inducible kinase 3. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad136. [PMID: 37477881 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep need drives sleep and plays a key role in homeostatic regulation of sleep. So far sleep need can only be inferred by animal behaviors and indicated by electroencephalography (EEG). Here we report that phosphorylation of threonine (T) 221 of the salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) increased the catalytic activity and stability of SIK3. T221 phosphorylation in the mouse brain indicates sleep need: more sleep resulting in less phosphorylation and less sleep more phosphorylation during daily sleep/wake cycle and after sleep deprivation (SD). Sleep need was reduced in SIK3 loss of function (LOF) mutants and by T221 mutation to alanine (T221A). Rebound after SD was also decreased in SIK3 LOF and T221A mutant mice. By contrast, SIK1 and SIK2 do not satisfy criteria to be both an indicator and a controller of sleep need. Our results reveal SIK3-T221 phosphorylation as a chemical modification which indicates and controls sleep need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chengang Li
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingqun Yang
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao V Wang
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Meilin Song
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS (PTN) Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
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15
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Saavedra P, Dumesic PA, Hu Y, Filine E, Jouandin P, Binari R, Wilensky SE, Rodiger J, Wang H, Chen W, Liu Y, Spiegelman BM, Perrimon N. REPTOR and CREBRF encode key regulators of muscle energy metabolism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4943. [PMID: 37582831 PMCID: PMC10427696 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility of muscle tissue describes the adaptive capacity to use different energy substrates according to their availability. The disruption of this ability associates with metabolic disease. Here, using a Drosophila model of systemic metabolic dysfunction triggered by yorkie-induced gut tumors, we show that the transcription factor REPTOR is an important regulator of energy metabolism in muscles. We present evidence that REPTOR is activated in muscles of adult flies with gut yorkie-tumors, where it modulates glucose metabolism. Further, in vivo studies indicate that sustained activity of REPTOR is sufficient in wildtype muscles to repress glycolysis and increase tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. Consistent with the fly studies, higher levels of CREBRF, the mammalian ortholog of REPTOR, reduce glycolysis in mouse myotubes while promoting oxidative metabolism. Altogether, our results define a conserved function for REPTOR and CREBRF as key regulators of muscle energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Saavedra
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Phillip A Dumesic
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth Filine
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Jouandin
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard Binari
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah E Wilensky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Rodiger
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haiyun Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihang Chen
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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16
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Bresgen N, Kovacs M, Lahnsteiner A, Felder TK, Rinnerthaler M. The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective. Biomolecules 2023; 13:912. [PMID: 37371492 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that nine hallmarks-including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis-exist that describe the cellular aging process. Adding to this, a well-described cell organelle in the metabolic context, namely, lipid droplets, also accumulates with increasing age, which can be regarded as a further aging-associated process. Independently of their essential role as fat stores, lipid droplets are also able to control cell integrity by mitigating lipotoxic and proteotoxic insults. As we will show in this review, numerous longevity interventions (such as mTOR inhibition) also lead to strong accumulation of lipid droplets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian cells, just to name a few examples. In mammals, due to the variety of different cell types and tissues, the role of lipid droplets during the aging process is much more complex. Using selected diseases associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we show that lipid droplets are "Janus"-faced. In an early phase of the disease, lipid droplets mitigate the toxicity of lipid peroxidation and protein aggregates, but in a later phase of the disease, a strong accumulation of lipid droplets can cause problems for cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie Kovacs
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Lahnsteiner
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Klaus Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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17
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Dou X, Chen K, Brown MR, Strand MR. Multiple endocrine factors regulate nutrient mobilization and storage in Aedes aegypti during a gonadotrophic cycle. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:425-442. [PMID: 36056560 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anautogenous mosquitoes must blood feed on a vertebrate host to produce eggs. Each gonadotrophic cycle is subdivided into a sugar-feeding previtellogenic phase that produces primary follicles and a blood meal-activated vitellogenic phase in which large numbers of eggs synchronously mature and are laid. Multiple endocrine factors including juvenile hormone (JH), insulin-like peptides (ILPs), ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone (OEH), and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) coordinate each gonadotrophic cycle. Egg formation also requires nutrients from feeding that are stored in the fat body. Regulation of egg formation is best understood in Aedes aegypti but the role different endocrine factors play in regulating nutrient mobilization and storage remains unclear. In this study, we report that adult female Ae. aegypti maintained triacylglycerol (TAG) stores during the previtellogenic phase of the first gonadotrophic cycle while glycogen stores declined. In contrast, TAG and glycogen stores were rapidly mobilized during the vitellogenic phase and then replenishment. Several genes encoding enzymes with functions in TAG and glycogen metabolism were differentially expressed in the fat body, which suggested regulation was mediated in part at the transcriptional level. Gain of function assays indicated that stored nutrients were primarily mobilized by adipokinetic hormone (AKH) while juvenoids and OEH regulated replenishment. ILP3 further showed evidence of negatively regulating certain lipolytic enzymes. Loss of function assays indicated AKH depends on the AKH receptor (AKHR) for function. Altogether, our results indicate that the opposing activities of different hormones regulate nutrient stores during a gonadotrophic cycle in Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Dou
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
| | - Kangkang Chen
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mark R Brown
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
| | - Michael R Strand
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
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18
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One genome, multiple phenotypes: decoding the evolution and mechanisms of environmentally induced developmental plasticity in insects. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:675-689. [PMID: 36929376 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity in developmental processes gives rise to remarkable environmentally induced phenotypes. Some of the most striking and well-studied examples of developmental plasticity are seen in insects. For example, beetle horn size responds to nutritional state, butterfly eyespots are enlarged in response to temperature and humidity, and environmental cues also give rise to the queen and worker castes of eusocial insects. These phenotypes arise from essentially identical genomes in response to an environmental cue during development. Developmental plasticity is taxonomically widespread, affects individual fitness, and may act as a rapid-response mechanism allowing individuals to adapt to changing environments. Despite the importance and prevalence of developmental plasticity, there remains scant mechanistic understanding of how it works or evolves. In this review, we use key examples to discuss what is known about developmental plasticity in insects and identify fundamental gaps in the current knowledge. We highlight the importance of working towards a fully integrated understanding of developmental plasticity in a diverse range of species. Furthermore, we advocate for the use of comparative studies in an evo-devo framework to address how developmental plasticity works and how it evolves.
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19
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Cuttini E, Goi C, Pellarin E, Vida R, Brancolini C. HDAC4 in cancer: A multitasking platform to drive not only epigenetic modifications. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1116660. [PMID: 36762207 PMCID: PMC9902726 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1116660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling access to genomic information and maintaining its stability are key aspects of cell life. Histone acetylation is a reversible epigenetic modification that allows access to DNA and the assembly of protein complexes that regulate mainly transcription but also other activities. Enzymes known as histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in the removal of the acetyl-group or in some cases of small hydrophobic moieties from histones but also from the non-histone substrate. The main achievement of HDACs on histones is to repress transcription and promote the formation of more compact chromatin. There are 18 different HDACs encoded in the human genome. Here we will discuss HDAC4, a member of the class IIa family, and its possible contribution to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cuttini
- Scuola Superiore Universitaria di Toppo Wassermann, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Camilla Goi
- Scuola Superiore Universitaria di Toppo Wassermann, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Ester Pellarin
- Scuola Superiore Universitaria di Toppo Wassermann, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vida
- Scuola Superiore Universitaria di Toppo Wassermann, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Scuola Superiore Universitaria di Toppo Wassermann, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy,Laboratory of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy,*Correspondence: Claudio Brancolini,
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20
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Singh A, Agrawal N. Progressive transcriptional changes in metabolic genes and altered fatbody homeostasis in Drosophila model of Huntington's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2783-2792. [PMID: 36121619 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive neuronal atrophy, particularly in striatum and cerebral cortex. Although predominant manifestations of the disease include loss in the triad of motor, cognitive and behavioral capabilities, metabolic dysfunction in patients and HD models are being increasingly recognized. Patients display progressive body weight loss, which aggravates the disease and leads to cachexia in the terminal stages. Using the Drosophila model of HD, we have earlier reported that diseased flies exhibit an atypical pattern of lipid gain and loss with progression along with exhibiting extensive mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired calcium homeostasis and heightened apoptosis in the fatbody. Here, we first monitored the structural changes that abdominal fatbody undergoes with disease progression. Further, we checked the transcriptional changes of key metabolic genes in whole fly as well as genes regulating mitochondrial function, apoptosis, autophagy and calcium homeostasis in the abdominal fatbody. We found extensive alterations in whole-body and fatbody-specific transcriptional profile of the diseased flies, which was in consort with their stage-specific physiological state. Additionally, we also assessed lysosome-mediated autophagy in the fatbody of diseased flies in order to ascertain the mechanisms contributing to fatbody atrophy at the terminal stage. Interestingly, we found elevated autophagy in fatbody of flies throughout disease progression. This study provides new insights into the effect on peripheral metabolism due to degeneration of neurons in the neurodegenerative disease, thereby discerns novel mechanisms leading to cachexia in diseased flies and advocates for the need of managing metabolic dysfunctions in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, 110007, New Delhi, India
| | - Namita Agrawal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, 110007, New Delhi, India.
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21
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Zhou S, Lu Y, Chen J, Pan Z, Pang L, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Strand MR, Chen XX, Huang J. Parasite reliance on its host gut microbiota for nutrition and survival. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2574-2586. [PMID: 35941172 PMCID: PMC9561699 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Studying the microbial symbionts of eukaryotic hosts has revealed a range of interactions that benefit host biology. Most eukaryotes are also infected by parasites that adversely affect host biology for their own benefit. However, it is largely unclear whether the ability of parasites to develop in hosts also depends on host-associated symbionts, e.g., the gut microbiota. Here, we studied the parasitic wasp Leptopilina boulardi (Lb) and its host Drosophila melanogaster. Results showed that Lb successfully develops in conventional hosts (CN) with a gut microbiota but fails to develop in axenic hosts (AX) without a gut microbiota. We determined that developing Lb larvae consume fat body cells that store lipids. We also determined that much larger amounts of lipid accumulate in fat body cells of parasitized CN hosts than parasitized AX hosts. CN hosts parasitized by Lb exhibited large increases in the abundance of the bacterium Acetobacter pomorum in the gut, but did not affect the abundance of Lactobacillus fructivorans which is another common member of the host gut microbiota. However, AX hosts inoculated with A. pomorum and/or L. fructivorans did not rescue development of Lb. In contrast, AX larvae inoculated with A. pomorum plus other identified gut community members including a Bacillus sp. substantially rescued Lb development. Rescue was further associated with increased lipid accumulation in host fat body cells. Insulin-like peptides increased in brain neurosecretory cells of parasitized CN larvae. Lipid accumulation in the fat body of CN hosts was further associated with reduced Bmm lipase activity mediated by insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS). Altogether, our results identify a previously unknown role for the gut microbiota in defining host permissiveness for a parasite. Our findings also identify a new paradigm for parasite manipulation of host metabolism that depends on insulin signaling and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhongqiu Pan
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Michael R Strand
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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22
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Dang F, Wei W. Targeting the acetylation signaling pathway in cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:209-218. [PMID: 33705871 PMCID: PMC8423867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation represents one of the major post-translational protein modifications, which introduces an acetyl functional group into amino acids such as the lysine residue to yield an acetate ester bond, neutralizing its positive charge. Regulation of protein functions by acetylation occurs in multiple ways, such as affecting protein stability, activity, localization, and interaction with other proteins or DNA. It has been well documented that the recruitment of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) to the transcriptional machinery can modulate histone acetylation status, which is directly involved in the dynamic regulation of genes controlling cell proliferation and division. Dysregulation of gene expression is involved in tumorigenesis and aberrant activation of histone deacetylases has been reported in several types of cancer. Moreover, there is growing body of evidence showing that acetylation is widely involved in non-histone proteins to impact their roles in various cellular processes including tumorigenesis. As such, small molecular compounds inhibiting HAT or HDAC enzymatic activities have been developed and investigated for therapeutic purpose. Here we review the recent progress in our understanding of protein acetylation and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the acetylation signaling pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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23
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Ogienko AA, Omelina ES, Bylino OV, Batin MA, Georgiev PG, Pindyurin AV. Drosophila as a Model Organism to Study Basic Mechanisms of Longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911244. [PMID: 36232546 PMCID: PMC9569508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression determines the fate and function of various cells and tissues and, as a consequence, the correct development and functioning of complex organisms. Certain mechanisms of gene activity regulation provide adequate cell responses to changes in environmental factors. Aside from gene expression disorders that lead to various pathologies, alterations of expression of particular genes were shown to significantly decrease or increase the lifespan in a wide range of organisms from yeast to human. Drosophila fruit fly is an ideal model system to explore mechanisms of longevity and aging due to low cost, easy handling and maintenance, large number of progeny per adult, short life cycle and lifespan, relatively low number of paralogous genes, high evolutionary conservation of epigenetic mechanisms and signalling pathways, and availability of a wide range of tools to modulate gene expression in vivo. Here, we focus on the organization of the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways whose components significantly influence the aging process and on the interconnections of these pathways with gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Ogienko
- Department of Regulation of Genetic Processes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya S. Omelina
- Department of Regulation of Genetic Processes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, 630039 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Bylino
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Batin
- Open Longevity, 15260 Ventura Blvd., Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, CA 91403, USA
| | - Pavel G. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Pindyurin
- Department of Regulation of Genetic Processes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-363-90-42
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24
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Meng Q, Zhang Y, Hao S, Sun H, Liu B, Zhou H, Wang Y, Xu ZX. Recent findings in the regulation of G6PD and its role in diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:932154. [PMID: 36091812 PMCID: PMC9448902 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.932154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the only rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Rapidly proliferating cells require metabolites from PPP to synthesize ribonucleotides and maintain intracellular redox homeostasis. G6PD expression can be abnormally elevated in a variety of cancers. In addition, G6PD may act as a regulator of viral replication and vascular smooth muscle function. Therefore, G6PD-mediated activation of PPP may promote tumor and non-neoplastic disease progression. Recently, studies have identified post-translational modifications (PTMs) as an important mechanism for regulating G6PD function. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of various PTMs (e.g., phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and glutarylation), which are identified in the regulation of G6PD structure, expression and enzymatic activity. In addition, we review signaling pathways that regulate G6PD and evaluate the role of oncogenic signals that lead to the reprogramming of PPP in tumor and non-neoplastic diseases as well as summarize the inhibitors that target G6PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiming Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huihui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Honglan Zhou, ; Yishu Wang, ; Zhi-Xiang Xu,
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Honglan Zhou, ; Yishu Wang, ; Zhi-Xiang Xu,
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Honglan Zhou, ; Yishu Wang, ; Zhi-Xiang Xu,
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25
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Singh T, Kaur P, Singh P, Singh S, Munshi A. Differential molecular mechanistic behavior of HDACs in cancer progression. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:171. [PMID: 35972597 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic aberration including mutation in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes transforms normal cells into tumor cells. Epigenetic modifications work concertedly with genetic factors in controlling cancer development. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and chromatin structure modifier are prospective epigenetic regulators. Specifically, HDACs are histone modifiers regulating the expression of genes implicated in cell survival, growth, apoptosis, and metabolism. The majority of HDACs are highly upregulated in cancer, whereas some have a varied function and expression in cancer progression. Distinct HDACs have a positive and negative role in controlling cancer progression. HDACs are also significantly involved in tumor cells acquiring metastatic and angiogenic potential in order to withstand the anti-tumor microenvironment. HDACs' role in modulating metabolic genes has also been associated with tumor development and survival. This review highlights and discusses the molecular mechanisms of HDACs by which they regulate cell survival, apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, stemness potential, angiogenesis, and epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT) in tumor cells. HDACs are the potential target for anti-cancer drug development and various inhibitors have been developed and FDA approved for a variety of cancers. The primary HDAC inhibitors with proven anti-cancer efficacy have also been highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashvinder Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Prabhsimran Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | | | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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26
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Han R, Huang H, Xia W, Liu J, Luo H, Tang J, Xia Z. Perspectives for Forkhead box transcription factors in diabetic cardiomyopathy: Their therapeutic potential and possible effects of salvianolic acids. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:951597. [PMID: 36035917 PMCID: PMC9403618 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.951597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic cardiovascular complications, which initially manifests as cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, dysfunctional remodeling, and diastolic dysfunction, followed by systolic dysfunction, and eventually end with acute heart failure. Molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological changes in diabetic hearts are complicated and multifactorial, including but not limited to insulin resistance, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, cardiomyocytes apoptosis or autophagy, inflammatory response, and myocardial metabolic dysfunction. With the development of molecular biology technology, accumulating evidence illustrates that members of the class O of Forkhead box (FoxO) transcription factors are vital for maintaining cardiomyocyte metabolism and cell survival, and the functions of the FoxO family proteins can be modulated by a wide variety of post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, arginine methylation, and O-glycosylation. In this review, we highlight and summarize the most recent advances in two members of the FoxO family (predominately FoxO1 and FoxO3a) that are abundantly expressed in cardiac tissue and whose levels of gene and protein expressions change as DCM progresses, with the goal of providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular complications and discussing their therapeutic potential and possible effects of salvianolic acids, a natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hemeng Huang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weiyi Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Univerisity of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Weiyi Xia,
| | - Jingjin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Zhengyuan Xia,
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27
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Shanaki M, Omidifar A, Shabani P, Toolabi K. Association between HDACs and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expressions in obesity. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:880-886. [PMID: 32238064 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1734843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important players in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Few studies have addressed HDAC expressions in human adipose tissue in obese individuals, and their association with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we compared 20 non-obese and 20 obese women to investigate possible changes in gene expressions of HDAC2, 4, 5, and 6 in the subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) and visceral adipose tissues (VAT) of these individuals. Our findings showed decreased HDAC5 expression in SAT and elevated HDAC4 expression in VAT from the obese group compared with the non-obese group. Our analyses showed negative correlations between HDAC2, 5, and 6 and the obesity indices and positive correlations between HDAC4 and obesity indices. HDAC2 showed a positive correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokines whereas HDAC4, 5, and 6 were negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings provide new evidence that implicates the important roles of HDACs in obesity and obesity-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Shanaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Omidifar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Shabani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Karamollah Toolabi
- Department of Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Liu Z, Jiang L, Li C, Li C, Yang J, Yu J, Mao R, Rao Y. LKB1 Is Physiologically Required for Sleep from Drosophila melanogaster to the Mus musculus. Genetics 2022; 221:6586797. [PMID: 35579349 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) is known as a master kinase for 14 kinases related to the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Two of them salt inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) and AMPKα have previously been implicated in sleep regulation. We generated loss-of-function (LOF) mutants for Lkb1 in both Drosophila and mice. Sleep, but not circadian rhythms, was reduced in Lkb1-mutant flies and in flies with neuronal deletion of Lkb1. Genetic interactions between Lkb1 and Threonine to Alanine mutation at residue 184 of AMPK in Drosophila sleep or those between Lkb1 and Threonine to Glutamic Acid mutation at residue 196 of SIK3 in Drosophila viability have been observed. Sleep was reduced in mice after virally mediated reduction of Lkb1 in the brain. Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis showed that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and sleep need were both reduced in Lkb1-mutant mice. These results indicate that LKB1 plays a physiological role in sleep regulation conserved from flies to mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengang Li
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jingqun Yang
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Renbo Mao
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
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29
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Gáliková M, Klepsatel P. Endocrine control of glycogen and triacylglycerol breakdown in the fly model. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 138:104-116. [PMID: 35393234 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the combination of genetics, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches yielded substantial insights into the mechanisms behind the synthesis and breakdown of energy stores in the model organisms. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been particularly useful to unravel genetic regulations of energy metabolism. Despite the considerable evolutionary distance between humans and flies, the energy storage organs, main metabolic pathways, and even their genetic regulations remained relatively conserved. Glycogen and fat are universal energy reserves used in all animal phyla and several of their endocrine regulators, such as the insulin pathway, are highly evolutionarily conserved. Nevertheless, some of the factors inducing catabolism of energy stores have diverged significantly during evolution. Moreover, even within a single insect species, D. melanogaster, there are substantial developmental and context-dependent variances in the regulation of energy stores. These differences include, among others, the endocrine pathways that govern the catabolic events or the predominant fuel which is utilized for the given process. For example, many catabolic regulators that control energy reserves in adulthood seem to be largely dispensable for energy mobilization during development. In this review, we focus on a selection of the most important catabolic regulators from the group of peptide hormones (Adipokinetic hormone, Corazonin), catecholamines (octopamine), steroid hormones (20-hydroxyecdysone), and other factors (extracellular adenosine, regulators of lipase Brummer). We discuss their roles in the mobilization of energy reserves for processes such as development through non-feeding stages, flight or starvation survival. Finally, we conclude with future perspectives on the energy balance research in the fly model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gáliková
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Klepsatel
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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30
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Kutil Z, Meleshin M, Baranova P, Havlinova B, Schutkowski M, Barinka C. Characterization of the class IIa histone deacetylases substrate specificity. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22287. [PMID: 35349187 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101663r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) play critical roles in vertebrate development and physiology, yet direct evidence of their intrinsic deacetylase activity and on substrate specificity regarding the peptide sequence is still missing. In this study, we designed and synthesized a combinatorial peptide library allowing us to profile class IIa HDACs sequence specificity at positions +3 through -3 from the central lysine modified by the well-accepted trifluoroacetyl function. Our data revealed a strong preference for bulky aromatic acids directly flanking the central trifluoroacetyllysine, while all class IIa HDACs disfavor positively charged residues and proline at the +1/-1 positions. The chemical nature of amino acid residues N-terminally to the central trifluoroacetyllysine has a more profound effect on substrate recognition as compared to residues located C-terminally. These findings were validated by designing selected favored and disfavored peptide sequences, with the favored ones are accepted with catalytic efficacy of 75 000 and 525 000 M-1 s-1 for HDAC7 and HDAC5, respectively. Results reported here could help in developing class IIa HDACs inhibitors and also in the search for new natural class IIa HDACs substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Kutil
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Marat Meleshin
- Department of Enzymology, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Petra Baranova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Havlinova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Mike Schutkowski
- Department of Enzymology, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
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31
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Hänschke L, Heier C, Maya Palacios SJ, Özek HE, Thiele C, Bauer R, Kühnlein RP, Bülow MH. Drosophila Lipase 3 Mediates the Metabolic Response to Starvation and Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:800153. [PMID: 35821816 PMCID: PMC9261307 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.800153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The human LIPA gene encodes for the enzyme lysosomal acid lipase, which hydrolyzes cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol. Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency results in Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease. The Drosophila genome encodes for two LIPA orthologs, Magro and Lipase 3. Magro is a gut lipase that hydrolyzes triacylglycerides, while Lipase 3 lacks characterization based on mutant phenotypes. We found previously that Lipase 3 transcription is highly induced in mutants with defects in peroxisome biogenesis, but the conditions that allow a similar induction in wildtypic flies are not known. Here we show that Lipase 3 is drastically upregulated in starved larvae and starved female flies, as well as in aged male flies. We generated a lipase 3 mutant that shows sex-specific starvation resistance and a trend to lifespan extension. Using lipidomics, we demonstrate that Lipase 3 mutants accumulate phosphatidylinositol, but neither triacylglycerol nor diacylglycerol. Our study suggests that, in contrast to its mammalian homolog LIPA, Lipase 3 is a putative phospholipase that is upregulated under extreme conditions like prolonged nutrient deprivation and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hänschke
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed- Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Huseyin Erdem Özek
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronald P. Kühnlein
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed- Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margret H. Bülow
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Parra-Peralbo E, Talamillo A, Barrio R. Origin and Development of the Adipose Tissue, a Key Organ in Physiology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:786129. [PMID: 34993199 PMCID: PMC8724577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ, well known for its function in energy storage and mobilization according to nutrient availability and body needs, in charge of keeping the energetic balance of the organism. During the last decades, adipose tissue has emerged as the largest endocrine organ in the human body, being able to secrete hormones as well as inflammatory molecules and having an important impact in multiple processes such as adipogenesis, metabolism and chronic inflammation. However, the cellular progenitors, development, homeostasis and metabolism of the different types of adipose tissue are not fully known. During the last decade, Drosophila melanogaster has demonstrated to be an excellent model to tackle some of the open questions in the field of metabolism and development of endocrine/metabolic organs. Discoveries ranged from new hormones regulating obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis. Here, we review the available evidences on the development, types and functions of adipose tissue in Drosophila and identify some gaps for future research. This may help to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of this fascinating key tissue, contributing to establish this organ as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Talamillo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
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33
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Insects as a New Complex Model in Hormonal Basis of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011066. [PMID: 34681728 PMCID: PMC8540125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the biggest problems in healthcare is an obesity epidemic. Consumption of cheap and low-quality energy-rich diets, low physical activity, and sedentary work favor an increase in the number of obesity cases within many populations/nations. This is a burden on society, public health, and the economy with many deleterious consequences. Thus, studies concerning this disorder are extremely needed, including searching for new, effective, and fitting models. Obesity may be related, among other factors, to disrupting adipocytes activity, disturbance of metabolic homeostasis, dysregulation of hormonal balance, cardiovascular problems, or disorders in nutrition which may lead to death. Because of the high complexity of obesity, it is not easy to find an ideal model for its studies which will be suitable for genetic and physiological analysis including specification of different compounds’ (hormones, neuropeptides) functions, as well as for signaling pathways analysis. In recent times, in search of new models for human diseases there has been more and more attention paid to insects, especially in neuro-endocrine regulation. It seems that this group of animals might also be a new model for human obesity. There are many arguments that insects are a good, multidirectional, and complex model for this disease. For example, insect models can have similar conservative signaling pathways (e.g., JAK-STAT signaling pathway), the presence of similar hormonal axis (e.g., brain–gut axis), or occurrence of structural and functional homologues between neuropeptides (e.g., neuropeptide F and human neuropeptide Y, insulin-like peptides, and human insulin) compared to humans. Here we give a hint to use insects as a model for obesity that can be used in multiple ways: as a source of genetic and peptidomic data about etiology and development correlated with obesity occurrence as well as a model for novel hormonal-based drug activity and their impact on mechanism of disease occurrence.
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34
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Yoshinari Y, Kosakamoto H, Kamiyama T, Hoshino R, Matsuoka R, Kondo S, Tanimoto H, Nakamura A, Obata F, Niwa R. The sugar-responsive enteroendocrine neuropeptide F regulates lipid metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones in Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4818. [PMID: 34376687 PMCID: PMC8355161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteroendocrine cell (EEC)-derived incretins play a pivotal role in regulating the secretion of glucagon and insulins in mammals. Although glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones have been found across animal phyla, incretin-like EEC-derived hormones have not yet been characterised in invertebrates. Here, we show that the midgut-derived hormone, neuropeptide F (NPF), acts as the sugar-responsive, incretin-like hormone in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Secreted NPF is received by NPF receptor in the corpora cardiaca and in insulin-producing cells. NPF-NPFR signalling resulted in the suppression of the glucagon-like hormone production and the enhancement of the insulin-like peptide secretion, eventually promoting lipid anabolism. Similar to the loss of incretin function in mammals, loss of midgut NPF led to significant metabolic dysfunction, accompanied by lipodystrophy, hyperphagia, and hypoglycaemia. These results suggest that enteroendocrine hormones regulate sugar-dependent metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones not only in mammals but also in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Yoshinari
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hina Kosakamoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Nutritional Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takumi Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Hoshino
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rena Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shu Kondo
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromu Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Germline Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Nutritional Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Shkedi O, Kehat I. SIKs (Salt-Inducible Kinases) in Arterial Restenosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2452-2453. [PMID: 34320836 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Shkedi
- The Department of Physiology, Biophysics and System Biology, The Rapport Institute and the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa (O.S., I.K.)
| | - Izhak Kehat
- The Department of Physiology, Biophysics and System Biology, The Rapport Institute and the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa (O.S., I.K.).,Department of Cardiology and the Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (I.K.)
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36
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Zhao P, Huang P, Xu T, Xiang X, Sun Y, Liu J, Yan C, Wang L, Gao J, Cui S, Wang X, Zhan L, Song H, Liu J, Song W, Liu Y. Fat body Ire1 regulates lipid homeostasis through the Xbp1s-FoxO axis in Drosophila. iScience 2021; 24:102819. [PMID: 34381963 PMCID: PMC8333185 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transmembrane protein kinase/RNase Ire1 is a conserved sensor of the cellular unfolded protein response and has been implicated in lipid homeostasis, including lipid synthesis and transport, across species. Here we report a novel catabolic role of Ire1 in regulating lipid mobilization in Drosophila. We found that Ire1 is activated by nutrient deprivation, and, importantly, fat body-specific Ire1 deficiency leads to increased lipid mobilization and sensitizes flies to starvation, whereas fat body Ire1 overexpression results in the opposite phenotypes. Genetic interaction and biochemical analyses revealed that Ire1 regulates lipid mobilization by promoting Xbp1s-associated FoxO degradation and suppressing FoxO-dependent lipolytic programs. Our results demonstrate that Ire1 is a catabolic sensor and acts through the Xbp1s-FoxO axis to hamper the lipolytic response during chronic food deprivation. These findings offer new insights into the conserved Ire1 regulation of lipid homeostasis. Food deprivation systemically activates Ire1 and increases Xbp1 splicing Fat body Ire1-Xbp1s axis regulates lipid mobilization and survival during starvation Ire1-Xbp1s pathway enhances proteasomal degradation of FoxO Fat body Ire1-Xbp1s pathway hampers FoxO-associated lipid mobilization under starvation
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tongfu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xiang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiamei Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shang Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Lixing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haiyun Song
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingnan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Song
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Sarode GV, Neier K, Shibata NM, Shen Y, Goncharov DA, Goncharova EA, Mazi TA, Joshi N, Settles ML, LaSalle JM, Medici V. Wilson Disease: Intersecting DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation Regulation of Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Hepatic Copper Accumulation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1457-1477. [PMID: 34098115 PMCID: PMC8487080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathogenesis of Wilson disease (WD) involves hepatic and brain copper accumulation resulting from pathogenic variants affecting the ATP7B gene and downstream epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms. Prior methylome investigations in human WD liver and blood and in the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) C3He-Atp7btx-j/J (tx-j) WD mouse model revealed an epigenetic signature of WD, including changes in histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5. We tested the hypothesis that histone acetylation is altered with respect to copper overload and aberrant DNA methylation in WD. METHODS We investigated class IIa HDAC4 and HDAC5 and H3K9/H3K27 histone acetylation in tx-j mouse livers compared with C3HeB/FeJ (C3H) control in response to 3 treatments: 60% kcal fat diet, D-penicillamine (copper chelator), and choline (methyl group donor). Experiments with copper-loaded hepatoma G2 cells were conducted to validate in vivo studies. RESULTS In 9-week tx-j mice, HDAC5 levels increased significantly after 8 days of a 60% kcal fat diet compared with chow. In 24-week tx-j mice, HDAC4/5 levels were reduced 5- to 10-fold compared with C3H, likely through mechanisms involving HDAC phosphorylation. HDAC4/5 levels were affected by disease progression and accompanied by increased acetylation. D-penicillamine and choline partially restored HDAC4/5 and H3K9ac/H3K27ac to C3H levels. Integrated RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses revealed genes regulating energy metabolism and cellular stress/development, which, in turn, were regulated by histone acetylation in tx-j mice compared with C3H mice, with Pparα and Pparγ among the most relevant targets. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest dietary modulation of class IIa HDAC4/5, and subsequent H3K9/H3K27 acetylation/deacetylation can regulate gene expression in key metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari Neier
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Genome Center, Davis, California
| | | | - Yuanjun Shen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Dmitry A. Goncharov
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Nutrition, Davis, California,Department of Community Health Sciences–Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California–Davis, Davis, California
| | - Matthew L. Settles
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California–Davis, Davis, California
| | - Janine M. LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Genome Center, Davis, California
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Davis, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Valentina Medici, MD, FAASLD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California–Davis, 4150 V Street, Patient Support Services Building (PSSB) Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817. fax: (916) 734-7908.
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Chatterjee N, Perrimon N. What fuels the fly: Energy metabolism in Drosophila and its application to the study of obesity and diabetes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/24/eabg4336. [PMID: 34108216 PMCID: PMC8189582 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The organs and metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, and the process of ATP production from nutrients, are comparable between humans and Drosophila melanogaster This level of conservation, together with the power of Drosophila genetics, makes the fly a very useful model system to study energy homeostasis. Here, we discuss the major organs involved in energy metabolism in Drosophila and how they metabolize different dietary nutrients to generate adenosine triphosphate. Energy metabolism in these organs is controlled by cell-intrinsic, paracrine, and endocrine signals that are similar between Drosophila and mammals. We describe how these signaling pathways are regulated by several physiological and environmental cues to accommodate tissue-, age-, and environment-specific differences in energy demand. Last, we discuss several genetic and diet-induced fly models of obesity and diabetes that can be leveraged to better understand the molecular basis of these metabolic diseases and thereby promote the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nuts and bolts of the salt-inducible kinases (SIKs). Biochem J 2021; 478:1377-1397. [PMID: 33861845 PMCID: PMC8057676 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The salt-inducible kinases, SIK1, SIK2 and SIK3, most closely resemble the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other AMPK-related kinases, and like these family members they require phosphorylation by LKB1 to be catalytically active. However, unlike other AMPK-related kinases they are phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which promotes their binding to 14-3-3 proteins and inactivation. The most well-established substrates of the SIKs are the CREB-regulated transcriptional co-activators (CRTCs), and the Class 2a histone deacetylases (HDAC4/5/7/9). Phosphorylation by SIKs promotes the translocation of CRTCs and Class 2a HDACs to the cytoplasm and their binding to 14-3-3s, preventing them from regulating their nuclear binding partners, the transcription factors CREB and MEF2. This process is reversed by PKA-dependent inactivation of the SIKs leading to dephosphorylation of CRTCs and Class 2a HDACs and their re-entry into the nucleus. Through the reversible regulation of these substrates and others that have not yet been identified, the SIKs regulate many physiological processes ranging from innate immunity, circadian rhythms and bone formation, to skin pigmentation and metabolism. This review summarises current knowledge of the SIKs and the evidence underpinning these findings, and discusses the therapeutic potential of SIK inhibitors for the treatment of disease.
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40
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Singh A, Agrawal N. Deciphering the key mechanisms leading to alteration of lipid metabolism in Drosophila model of Huntington's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166127. [PMID: 33722743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited, progressively debilitating disorder marked by prominent degeneration in striatal and cortical brain regions. HD is caused by (CAG)n repeat expansion in huntingtin (HTT) gene that translates into a mutant form of the ubiquitously present Huntingtin (HTT) protein. Extensive metabolic dysfunction coexisting with overt neuropathies has been evidenced in clinical and experimental settings of HD. Body weight loss despite normal to high caloric intake remains a critical determinant of the disease progression and a challenge for therapeutic interventions. In the present study, we intended to monitor the cellular and molecular perturbations in Drosophila, caused by pan-neuronal expression of mHTT (mutant Huntingtin) protein. We found aberrant transcription profile of key lipolytic and lipogenic genes in whole-body of the fly with disease progression. Interestingly, fatbody undergoes extensive alteration of vital cellular processes and eventually surrenders to increased apoptotic cell death in terminal stage of the disease. Extensive mitochondrial dysfunction from early disease stage along with calcium derangement at terminal stage were observed in fatbody, which contribute to its deteriorating integrity. All the mechanisms were monitored progressively, at different disease stages, and many alterations were documented in the early stage itself. Our study hence provides insight into the mechanisms through which neuronal expression of mHTT might be inflicting the profound systemic effects, specifically on lipid metabolism, and may open new therapeutic avenues for alleviation of the multidimensional disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Namita Agrawal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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41
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Heier C, Klishch S, Stilbytska O, Semaniuk U, Lushchak O. The Drosophila model to interrogate triacylglycerol biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158924. [PMID: 33716135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of storage fat in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) is an evolutionarily conserved strategy to cope with fluctuations in energy availability and metabolic stress. Organismal TAG storage in specialized adipose tissues provides animals a metabolic reserve that sustains survival during development and starvation. On the other hand, excessive accumulation of adipose TAG, defined as obesity, is associated with an increasing prevalence of human metabolic diseases. During the past decade, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, traditionally used in genetics and developmental biology, has been established as a versatile model system to study TAG metabolism and the etiology of lipid-associated metabolic diseases. Similar to humans, Drosophila TAG homeostasis relies on the interplay of organ systems specialized in lipid uptake, synthesis, and processing, which are integrated by an endocrine network of hormones and messenger molecules. Enzymatic formation of TAG from sugar or dietary lipid, its storage in lipid droplets, and its mobilization by lipolysis occur via mechanisms largely conserved between Drosophila and humans. Notably, dysfunctional Drosophila TAG homeostasis occurs in the context of aging, overnutrition, or defective gene function, and entails tissue-specific and organismal pathologies that resemble human disease. In this review, we summarize the physiology and biochemistry of TAG in Drosophila and outline the potential of this organism as a model system to understand the genetic and dietary basis of TAG storage and TAG-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Svitlana Klishch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Olha Stilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Uliana Semaniuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
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Li H, Lones L, DiAntonio A. Bidirectional regulation of glial potassium buffering - glioprotection versus neuroprotection. eLife 2021; 10:62606. [PMID: 33646119 PMCID: PMC7946421 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia modulate neuronal excitability and seizure sensitivity by maintaining potassium and water homeostasis. A salt inducible kinase 3 (SIK3)-regulated gene expression program controls the glial capacity to buffer K+ and water in Drosophila, however upstream regulatory mechanisms are unknown. Here, we identify an octopaminergic circuit linking neuronal activity to glial ion and water buffering. Under basal conditions, octopamine functions through the inhibitory octopaminergic G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) OctβR to upregulate glial buffering capacity, while under pathological K+ stress, octopamine signals through the stimulatory octopaminergic GPCR OAMB1 to downregulate the glial buffering program. Failure to downregulate this program leads to intracellular glia swelling and stress signaling, suggesting that turning down this pathway is glioprotective. In the eag shaker Drosophila seizure model, the SIK3-mediated buffering pathway is inactivated. Reactivation of the glial buffering program dramatically suppresses neuronal hyperactivity, seizures, and shortened life span in this mutant. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of a glial-centric therapeutic strategy for diseases of hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Lorenzo Lones
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.,Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, St. Louis, United States
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Rehman N, Varghese J. Larval nutrition influences adult fat stores and starvation resistance in Drosophila. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247175. [PMID: 33606785 PMCID: PMC7895371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin plays a major role in connecting nutrient availability to energy homeostasis by regulating metabolic pathways. Defects in insulin signalling is the primary cause for diabetes, obesity and various metabolic disorders. Nutritional status during growth and developmental stages play a crucial role in determining adult size, fecundity and ageing. However, the association between developmental nutrition and adult metabolic disorders has not been fully explored. Here, we address the effects of nutrient status during the larval growth phase on adult metabolism in Drosophila. We report that restricted food supply in larvae led to higher fat reserves and starvation resistance in mature adult flies, which we attribute to low insulin signalling. A lesser amount of stored fat was mobilised during early adult stages and during acute starvation, which accounts for the metabolic effects. Furthermore, larval diet influenced the expression of fat mobilisation genes brummer and lipid storage droplet-2 in adult flies, which led to the metabolic phenotypes reported here. Thus, the restricted nutrient environment in developing larvae led to adaptive changes that entrain the adult flies for scarce food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyas Rehman
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jishy Varghese
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail:
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Palli SR. Epigenetic regulation of post-embryonic development. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 43:63-69. [PMID: 33068783 PMCID: PMC8044252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Modifications to DNA and core histones influence chromatin organization and expression of the genome. DNA methylation plays a significant role in the regulation of multiple biological processes that regulate behavior and caste differentiation in social insects. Histone modifications play significant roles in the regulation of development and reproduction in other insects. Genes coding for acetyltransferases, deacetylases, methyltransferases, and demethylases that modify core histones have been identified in genomes of multiple insects. Studies on the function and mechanisms of action of some of these enzymes uncovered their contribution to post-embryonic development. The results from studies on epigenetic modifiers could help in the identification of inhibitors of epigenetic modifiers that could be developed to control pests and disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, S225 Ag. Science N, Lexington, KY 40546, United States.
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Koyama T, Texada MJ, Halberg KA, Rewitz K. Metabolism and growth adaptation to environmental conditions in Drosophila. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4523-4551. [PMID: 32448994 PMCID: PMC7599194 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organisms adapt to changing environments by adjusting their development, metabolism, and behavior to improve their chances of survival and reproduction. To achieve such flexibility, organisms must be able to sense and respond to changes in external environmental conditions and their internal state. Metabolic adaptation in response to altered nutrient availability is key to maintaining energy homeostasis and sustaining developmental growth. Furthermore, environmental variables exert major influences on growth and final adult body size in animals. This developmental plasticity depends on adaptive responses to internal state and external cues that are essential for developmental processes. Genetic studies have shown that the fruit fly Drosophila, similarly to mammals, regulates its metabolism, growth, and behavior in response to the environment through several key hormones including insulin, peptides with glucagon-like function, and steroid hormones. Here we review emerging evidence showing that various environmental cues and internal conditions are sensed in different organs that, via inter-organ communication, relay information to neuroendocrine centers that control insulin and steroid signaling. This review focuses on endocrine regulation of development, metabolism, and behavior in Drosophila, highlighting recent advances in the role of the neuroendocrine system as a signaling hub that integrates environmental inputs and drives adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Koyama
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Texada
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Halberg
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Rewitz
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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He Q, Du J, Wei L, Zhao Z. AKH-FOXO pathway regulates starvation-induced sleep loss through remodeling of the small ventral lateral neuron dorsal projections. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009181. [PMID: 33104699 PMCID: PMC7644095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Starvation caused by adverse feeding stresses or food shortages has been reported to result in sleep loss in animals. However, how the starvation signal interacts with the central nervous system is still unknown. Here, the adipokinetic hormone (AKH)-Fork head Box-O (FOXO) pathway is shown to respond to energy change and adjust the sleep of Drosophila through remodeling of the s-LNv (small ventral lateral neurons) dorsal projections. Our results show that starvation prevents flies from going to sleep after the first light-dark transition. The LNvs are required for starvation-induced sleep loss through extension of the pigment dispersing factor (PDF)-containing s-LNv dorsal projections. Further studies reveal that loss of AKH or AKHR (akh receptor) function blocks starvation-induced extension of s-LNv dorsal projections and rescues sleep suppression during food deprivation. FOXO, which has been reported to regulate synapse plasticity of neurons, acts as starvation response factor downstream of AKH, and down regulation of FOXO level considerably alleviates the influence of starvation on s-LNv dorsal projections and sleep. Taking together, our results outline the transduction pathways between starvation signal and sleep, and reveal a novel functional site for sleep regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun He
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Wei
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhangwu Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Asif S, Morrow NM, Mulvihill EE, Kim KH. Understanding Dietary Intervention-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications in Metabolic Diseases. Front Genet 2020; 11:590369. [PMID: 33193730 PMCID: PMC7593700 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.590369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease, is dramatically increasing. Both genetic and environmental factors are well-known contributors to the development of these diseases and therefore, the study of epigenetics can provide additional mechanistic insight. Dietary interventions, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting or time-restricted feeding, have shown promising improvements in patients' overall metabolic profiles (i.e., reduced body weight, improved glucose homeostasis), and an increasing number of studies have associated these beneficial effects with epigenetic alterations. In this article, we review epigenetic changes involved in both metabolic diseases and dietary interventions in primary metabolic tissues (i.e., adipose, liver, and pancreas) in hopes of elucidating potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Asif
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nadya M. Morrow
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Erin E. Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyoung-Han Kim
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Leyria J, Orchard I, Lange AB. What happens after a blood meal? A transcriptome analysis of the main tissues involved in egg production in Rhodnius prolixus, an insect vector of Chagas disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008516. [PMID: 33057354 PMCID: PMC7591069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-sucking hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus is a vector of Chagas disease, one of the most neglected tropical diseases affecting several million people, mostly in Latin America. The blood meal is an event with a high epidemiological impact since adult mated females feed several times, with each meal resulting in a bout of egg laying, and thereby the production of hundreds of offspring. By means of RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) we have examined how a blood meal influences mRNA expression in the central nervous system (CNS), fat body and ovaries in order to promote egg production, focusing on tissue-specific responses under controlled nutritional conditions. We illustrate the cross talk between reproduction and a) lipids, proteins and trehalose metabolism, b) neuropeptide and neurohormonal signaling, and c) the immune system. Overall, our molecular evaluation confirms and supports previous studies and provides an invaluable molecular resource for future investigations on different tissues involved in successful reproductive events. These analyses serve as a starting point for new investigations, increasing the chances of developing novel strategies for vector population control by translational research, with less impact on the environment and more specificity for a particular organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Leyria
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Angela B. Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Negoita F, Vavakova M, Säll J, Laurencikiene J, Göransson O. JUP/plakoglobin is regulated by salt-inducible kinase 2, and is required for insulin-induced signalling and glucose uptake in adipocytes. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109786. [PMID: 32966883 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) is abundant in adipocytes, but downregulated in adipose tissue from individuals with obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, SIK isoforms are required for normal insulin signalling and glucose uptake in adipocytes, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are currently not known. The adherens junction protein JUP, also termed plakoglobin or γ-catenin, has recently been reported to promote insulin signalling in muscle cells. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyse if JUP is required for insulin signalling in adipocytes and the underlying molecular mechanisms of this regulation. METHODS Co-expression of SIK2 and JUP mRNA levels in adipose tissue from a human cohort was analysed. siRNA silencing and/or pharmacological inhibition of SIK2, JUP, class IIa HDACs and CRTC2 was employed in 3T3-L1- and primary rat adipocytes. JUP protein expression was analysed by western blot and mRNA levels by qPCR. Insulin signalling was evaluated by western blot as levels of phosphorylated PKB/Akt and AS160, and by monitoring the uptake of 3H-2-deoxyglucose. RESULTS mRNA expression of SIK2 correlated with that of JUP in human adipose tissue. SIK2 inhibition or silencing resulted in downregulation of JUP mRNA and protein expression in 3T3-L1- and in primary rat adipocytes. Moreover, JUP silencing reduced the expression of PKB and the downstream substrate AS160, and consequently attenuated activity in the insulin signalling pathway, including insulin-induced glucose uptake. The known SIK2 substrates CRTC2 and class IIa HDACs were found to play a role in the SIK-mediated regulation of JUP expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify JUP as a novel player in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, and suggest that changes in JUP expression could contribute to the effect of SIK2 on insulin signalling in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Negoita
- Protein Phosphorylation Research Group, Section for Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Biomedical Centre C11, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Vavakova
- Protein Phosphorylation Research Group, Section for Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Biomedical Centre C11, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna Säll
- Protein Phosphorylation Research Group, Section for Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Biomedical Centre C11, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Göransson
- Protein Phosphorylation Research Group, Section for Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Biomedical Centre C11, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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Luo L, Martin SC, Parkington J, Cadena SM, Zhu J, Ibebunjo C, Summermatter S, Londraville N, Patora-Komisarska K, Widler L, Zhai H, Trendelenburg AU, Glass DJ, Shi J. HDAC4 Controls Muscle Homeostasis through Deacetylation of Myosin Heavy Chain, PGC-1α, and Hsc70. Cell Rep 2020; 29:749-763.e12. [PMID: 31618641 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
HDAC4, a class IIa histone deacetylase, is upregulated in skeletal muscle in response to denervation-induced atrophy. When HDAC4 is deleted postnatally, mice are partially protected from denervation. Despite the name "histone" deacetylase, HDAC4 demonstrably deacetylates cytosolic and non-histone nuclear proteins. We developed potent and selective class IIa HDAC inhibitors. Using these tools and genetic knockdown, we identified three previously unidentified substrates of HDAC4: myosin heavy chain, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1alpha (PGC-1α), and heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (Hsc70). HDAC4 inhibition almost completely prevented denervation-induced loss of myosin heavy chain isoforms and blocked the action of their E3 ligase, MuRF1. PGC-1α directly interacts with class IIa HDACs; selective inhibitors increased PGC-1α protein in muscles. Hsc70 deacetylation by HDAC4 affects its chaperone activity. Through these endogenous HDAC4 substrates, we identified several muscle metabolic pathways that are regulated by class IIa HDACs, opening up new therapeutic options to treat skeletal muscle disorders and potentially other disease where these specific pathways are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Luo
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sherry C Martin
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jascha Parkington
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Samuel M Cadena
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chikwendu Ibebunjo
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Nicole Londraville
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Leo Widler
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Huili Zhai
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - David J Glass
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Shi
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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