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Klepinowski T, Pala B, Pettersson SD, Łątka K, Taterra D, Ogilvy CS, Sagan L. Differential DNA methylation associated with delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:144. [PMID: 38594575 PMCID: PMC11003906 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that differential DNA methylation could play a role in the mechanism of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Considering the significance of this matter and a lack of effective prophylaxis against DCI, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding their associations with DNA methylation and identify the gaps for a future trial. PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched by two authors in three waves for relevant DNA methylation association studies in DCI after aSAH. PRISMA checklist was followed for a systematic structure. STROBE statement was used to assess the quality and risk of bias within studies. This research was funded by the National Science Centre, Poland (grant number 2021/41/N/NZ2/00844). Of 70 records, 7 peer-reviewed articles met the eligibility criteria. Five studies used a candidate gene approach, three were epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS), one utilized bioinformatics of the previous EWAS, with two studies using more than one approach. Methylation status of four cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) related to four distinct genes (ITPR3, HAMP, INSR, CDHR5) have been found significantly or suggestively associated with DCI after aSAH. Analysis of epigenetic clocks yielded significant association of lower age acceleration with radiological CVS but not with DCI. Hub genes for hypermethylation (VHL, KIF3A, KIFAP3, RACGAP1, OPRM1) and hypomethylation (ALB, IL5) in DCI have been indicated through bioinformatics analysis. As none of the CpGs overlapped across the studies, meta-analysis was not applicable. The identified methylation sites might potentially serve as a biomarker for early diagnosis of DCI after aSAH in future. However, a lack of overlapping results prompts the need for large-scale multicenter studies. Challenges and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Klepinowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University Hospital No. 1, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Pala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University Hospital No. 1, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Samuel D Pettersson
- Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kajetan Łątka
- Department of Neurology, St Hedwig's Regional Specialist Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Dominik Taterra
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Zakopane, Poland
| | - Christopher S Ogilvy
- Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leszek Sagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University Hospital No. 1, Szczecin, Poland
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Silverman JB, Krystofiak EE, Caplan LR, Lau KS, Tyska MJ. Intestinal tuft cells assemble a cytoskeletal superstructure composed of co-aligned actin bundles and microtubules. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.19.585757. [PMID: 38562898 PMCID: PMC10983963 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.585757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background & Aims All tissues consist of a distinct set of cell types, which collectively support organ function and homeostasis. Tuft cells are a rare epithelial cell type found in diverse epithelia, where they play important roles in sensing antigens and stimulating downstream immune responses. Exhibiting a unique polarized morphology, tuft cells are defined by an array of giant actin filament bundles that support ∼2 μm of apical membrane protrusion and extend over 7 μm towards the cell's perinuclear region. Despite their established roles in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis, tuft cells remain understudied due to their rarity (e.g. ∼ 1% in the small intestinal epithelium). Details regarding the ultrastructural organization of the tuft cell cytoskeleton, the molecular components involved in building the array of giant actin bundles, and how these cytoskeletal structures support tuft cell biology remain unclear. Methods To begin to answer these questions, we used advanced light and electron microscopy to perform quantitative morphometry of the small intestinal tuft cell cytoskeleton. Results We found that tuft cell core bundles consist of actin filaments that are crosslinked in a parallel "barbed-end out" configuration. These polarized structures are also supported by a unique group of tuft cell enriched actin-binding proteins that are differentially localized along the giant core bundles. Furthermore, we found that tuft cell actin bundles are co-aligned with a highly ordered network of microtubules. Conclusions Tuft cells assemble a cytoskeletal superstructure that is well positioned to serve as a track for subcellular transport along the apical-basolateral axis and in turn, support the dynamic sensing functions that are critical for intestinal epithelial homeostasis. SYNOPSIS This research leveraged advanced light and electron microscopy to perform quantitative morphometry of the intestinal tuft cell cytoskeleton. Three-dimensional reconstructions of segmented image data revealed a co-aligned actin-microtubule superstructure that may play a fundamental role in tuft cell function.
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Cencer CS, Robinson KL, Tyska MJ. Loss of intermicrovillar adhesion impairs basolateral junctional complexes in transporting epithelia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.19.585733. [PMID: 38562895 PMCID: PMC10983982 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.585733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Transporting epithelial cells in the gut and kidney rely on protocadherin-based apical adhesion complexes to organize microvilli that extend into the luminal space. In these systems, CDHR2 and CDHR5 localize to the distal ends of microvilli, where they form an intermicrovillar adhesion complex (IMAC) that links the tips of these structures, promotes the formation of a well-ordered array of protrusions, and in turn maximizes apical membrane surface area. Recently, we discovered that IMACs can also form between microvilli that extend from neighboring cells, across cell-cell junctions. As an additional point of physical contact between cells, transjunctional IMACs are well positioned to impact the integrity of canonical tight and adherens junctions that form more basolaterally. Here, we sought to test this idea using cell culture and mouse models that lacked CDHR2 expression and were unable to form IMACs. CDHR2 knockout perturbed cell and junction morphology, led to loss of key components from tight and adherens junctions, and impaired barrier function and wound healing. These results indicate that, in addition to organizing apical microvilli, IMACs provide a layer of cell-cell contact that functions in parallel with canonical tight and adherens junctions to support the physiological functions of transporting epithelia.
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Matoo S, Graves MJ, Choi MS, Idris RAES, Acharya P, Thapa G, Nguyen T, Atallah SY, Tipirneni AK, Stevenson PJ, Crawley SW. The microvillar protocadherin CDHR5 associates with EBP50 to promote brush border assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar36. [PMID: 38170579 PMCID: PMC10916864 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-02-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Transporting epithelial cells of the gut and kidney interact with their luminal environment through a densely packed collection of apical microvilli known as a brush border (BB). Proper brush border assembly depends on the intermicrovillar adhesion complex (IMAC), a protocadherin-based adhesion complex found at the distal tips of microvilli that mediates adhesion between neighboring protrusions to promote their organized packing. Loss of the IMAC adhesion molecule Cadherin-related family member 5 (CDHR5) results in significant brush border defects, though the functional properties of this protocadherin have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic tail of CDHR5 contributes to its correct apical targeting and functional properties in an isoform-specific manner. Library screening identified the Ezrin-associated scaffolds EBP50 and E3KARP as cytoplasmic binding partners for CDHR5. Consistent with this, loss of EBP50 disrupted proper brush border assembly with cells exhibiting markedly reduced apical IMAC levels. Together, our results shed light on the apical targeting determinants of CDHR5 and further define the interactome of the IMAC involved in brush border assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Matoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Maura J. Graves
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Myoung Soo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | | | - Prashun Acharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Garima Thapa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Tram Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Sarah Y. Atallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Ashna K. Tipirneni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | | | - Scott W. Crawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
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Niazi A, Kim JA, Kim DK, Lu D, Sterin I, Park J, Park S. Microvilli regulate the release modes of alpha-tectorin to organize the domain-specific matrix architecture of the tectorial membrane. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.574255. [PMID: 38260557 PMCID: PMC10802356 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The tectorial membrane (TM) is an apical extracellular matrix (ECM) in the cochlea essential for auditory transduction. The TM exhibits highly ordered domain-specific architecture. Alpha-tectorin/TECTA is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored ECM protein essential for TM organization. Here, we identified that TECTA is released by distinct modes: proteolytic shedding by TMPRSS2 and GPI-anchor-dependent release from the microvillus tip. In the medial/limbal domain, proteolytically shed TECTA forms dense fibers. In the lateral/body domain produced by the supporting cells displaying dense microvilli, the proteolytic shedding restricts TECTA to the microvillus tip and compartmentalizes the collagen-binding site. The tip-localized TECTA, in turn, is released in a GPI-anchor-dependent manner to form collagen-crosslinking fibers, required for maintaining the spacing and parallel organization of collagen fibrils. Overall, we showed that distinct release modes of TECTA determine the domain-specific organization pattern, and the microvillus coordinates the release modes along its membrane to organize the higher-order ECM architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Niazi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ju Ang Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Current affiliation: Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Igal Sterin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joosang Park
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Touraki M, Chanou A, Mavridou V, Tsertseli V, Tsiridi M, Panteris E. Administration of probiotics affects Artemia franciscana metanauplii intestinal ultrastructure and offers resistance against a Photobacterium damselae ssp . piscicida induced oxidative stress response. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 5:100113. [PMID: 37671319 PMCID: PMC10475491 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida (Phdp) on immune responses and intestinal ultrastructure of Artemia franciscana following infection and their amelioration by the probiotic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis were evaluated. Pathogen growth inhibition in coculture with each probiotic and its virulence against Artemia were confirmed with an LC50 of 105 CFU mL-1. Phdp administration to Artemia at sublethal levels resulted in depletion of superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase and phenoloxidase activities, extensive lipid peroxidation and reduced survival. Following a combined administration of each probiotic and the pathogen, enzyme activities and survival were significantly higher, while lipid peroxidation was reduced, compared to the infected group with no probiotic treatment (P < 0.05). The transmission electron microscopy study revealed that pathogen infection resulted in disarranged and fragmented microvilli, formation of empty or pathogen containing cytoplasmic vacuoles and damaged mitochondria. In the probiotic-treated and Phdp-infected series, intestinal cells showed normal appearance, except for the presence of pathogen-containing vacuoles and highly ordered but laterally stacked microvilli. The results of the present study indicate that Phdp induces cell death through an oxidative stress response and probiotics enhance Artemia immune responses to protect it against the Phdp induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Touraki
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Anna Chanou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Mavridou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tsertseli
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Maria Tsiridi
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Cencer CS, Silverman JB, Meenderink LM, Krystofiak ES, Millis BA, Tyska MJ. Adhesion-based capture stabilizes nascent microvilli at epithelial cell junctions. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2048-2062.e7. [PMID: 37832537 PMCID: PMC10615885 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
To maximize solute transport, epithelial cells build an apical "brush border," where thousands of microvilli are linked to their neighbors by protocadherin-containing intermicrovillar adhesion complexes (IMACs). Previous studies established that the IMAC is needed to build a mature brush border, but how this complex contributes to the accumulation of new microvilli during differentiation remains unclear. We found that early in differentiation, mouse, human, and porcine epithelial cells exhibit a marginal accumulation of microvilli, which span junctions and interact with protrusions on neighboring cells using IMAC protocadherins. These transjunctional IMACs are highly stable and reinforced by tension across junctions. Finally, long-term live imaging showed that the accumulation of microvilli at cell margins consistently leads to accumulation in medial regions. Thus, nascent microvilli are stabilized by a marginal capture mechanism that depends on the formation of transjunctional IMACs. These results may offer insights into how apical specializations are assembled in diverse epithelial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Cencer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer B Silverman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leslie M Meenderink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Evan S Krystofiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bryan A Millis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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8
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Mödl B, Awad M, Zwolanek D, Scharf I, Schwertner K, Milovanovic D, Moser D, Schmidt K, Pjevac P, Hausmann B, Krauß D, Mohr T, Svinka J, Kenner L, Casanova E, Timelthaler G, Sibilia M, Krieger S, Eferl R. Defects in microvillus crosslinking sensitize to colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57084. [PMID: 37691494 PMCID: PMC10561180 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells are covered by the brush border, which consists of densely packed microvilli. The Intermicrovillar Adhesion Complex (IMAC) links the microvilli and is required for proper brush border organization. Whether microvillus crosslinking is involved in the intestinal barrier function or colitis is currently unknown. We investigate the role of microvillus crosslinking in colitis in mice with deletion of the IMAC component CDHR5. Electron microscopy shows pronounced brush border defects in CDHR5-deficient mice. The defects result in severe mucosal damage after exposure to the colitis-inducing agent DSS. DSS increases the permeability of the mucus layer and brings bacteria in direct contact with the disorganized brush border of CDHR5-deficient mice. This correlates with bacterial invasion into the epithelial cell layer which precedes epithelial apoptosis and inflammation. Single-cell RNA sequencing data of patients with ulcerative colitis reveals downregulation of CDHR5 in enterocytes of diseased areas. Our results provide experimental evidence that a combination of microvillus crosslinking defects with increased permeability of the mucus layer sensitizes to inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Mödl
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Monira Awad
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Daniela Zwolanek
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Irene Scharf
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Katharina Schwertner
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Danijela Milovanovic
- Department of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Institute of Clinical PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Doris Moser
- Department of Cranio‐Maxillofacial and Oral SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Cell Imaging & Ultrastructure ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Petra Pjevac
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dana Krauß
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Joint Metabolome FacilityUniversity of Vienna and Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Institute of Clinical PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory Animal PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of PharmacologyMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Sigurd Krieger
- Department of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Institute of Clinical PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
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9
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Li J, Simmons AJ, Chiron S, Ramirez-Solano MA, Tasneem N, Kaur H, Xu Y, Revetta F, Vega PN, Bao S, Cui C, Tyree RN, Raber LW, Conner AN, Beaulieu DB, Dalal RL, Horst SN, Pabla BS, Huo Y, Landman BA, Roland JT, Scoville EA, Schwartz DA, Washington MK, Shyr Y, Wilson KT, Coburn LA, Lau KS, Liu Q. A Specialized Epithelial Cell Type Regulating Mucosal Immunity and Driving Human Crohn's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.30.560293. [PMID: 37873404 PMCID: PMC10592875 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.30.560293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex chronic inflammatory disorder that may affect any part of gastrointestinal tract with extra-intestinal manifestations and associated immune dysregulation. To characterize heterogeneity in CD, we profiled single-cell transcriptomics of 170 samples from 65 CD patients and 18 non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) controls in both the terminal ileum (TI) and ascending colon (AC). Analysis of 202,359 cells identified a novel epithelial cell type in both TI and AC, featuring high expression of LCN2, NOS2, and DUOX2, and thus is named LND. LND cells, confirmed by high-resolution in-situ RNA imaging, were rarely found in non-IBD controls, but expanded significantly in active CD. Compared to other epithelial cells, genes defining LND cells were enriched in antimicrobial response and immunoregulation. Moreover, multiplexed protein imaging demonstrated that LND cell abundance was associated with immune infiltration. Cross-talk between LND and immune cells was explored by ligand-receptor interactions and further evidenced by their spatial colocalization. LND cells showed significant enrichment of expression specificity of IBD/CD susceptibility genes, revealing its role in immunopathogenesis of CD. Investigating lineage relationships of epithelial cells detected two LND cell subpopulations with different origins and developmental potential, early and late LND. The ratio of the late to early LND cells was related to anti-TNF response. These findings emphasize the pathogenic role of the specialized LND cell type in both Crohn's ileitis and Crohn's colitis and identify novel biomarkers associated with disease activity and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt Univerity Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt Univerity Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan J. Simmons
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sophie Chiron
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marisol A. Ramirez-Solano
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt Univerity Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt Univerity Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Naila Tasneem
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Frank Revetta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paige N. Vega
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shunxing Bao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Regina N. Tyree
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Larry W. Raber
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna N. Conner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dawn B. Beaulieu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robin L. Dalal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sara N. Horst
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baldeep S. Pabla
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuankai Huo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bennett A. Landman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph T. Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Scoville
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt Univerity Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt Univerity Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lori A. Coburn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ken S. Lau
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt Univerity Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt Univerity Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt Univerity Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Shen Y, Song L, Chen T, Jiang H, Yang G, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Lim KK, Meng X, Zhao J, Chen X. Identification of hub genes in digestive system of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) fed with artificial diet by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 47:101112. [PMID: 37516099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a carnivorous freshwater fish and an economically important species. The digestive system (liver, stomach, intestine, pyloric caecum, esophagus, and gallbladder) is an important site for studying fish domestication. In our previous study, we found that mandarin fish undergoes adaptive changes in histological morphology and gene expression levels of the digestive system when subjected to artificial diet domestication. However, we are not clear which hub genes are highly associated with domestication. In this study, we performed WGCNA on the transcriptomes of 17 tissues and 9 developmental stages and combined differentially expressed genes analysis in the digestive system to identify the hub genes that may play important functions in the adaptation of mandarin fish to bait conversion. A total of 31,657 genes in 26 samples were classified into 23 color modules via WGCNA. The modules midnightblue, darkred, lightyellow, and darkgreen highly associated with the liver, stomach, esophagus, and gallbladder were extracted, respectively. Tan module was highly related to both intestine and pyloric caecum. The hub genes in liver were cp, vtgc, c1in, c9, lect2, and klkb1. The hub genes in stomach were ghrl, atp4a, gjb3, muc5ac, duox2, and chia2. The hub genes in esophagus were mybpc1, myl2, and tpm3. The hub genes in gallbladder were dyst, npy2r, slc13a1, and slc39a4. The hub genes in the intestine and pyloric caecum were slc15a1, cdhr5, btn3a1, anpep, slc34a2, cdhr2, and ace2. Through pathway analysis, modules highly related to the digestive system were mainly enriched in digestion and absorption, metabolism, and immune-related pathways. After domestication, the hub genes vtgc and lect2 were significantly upregulated in the liver. Chia2 was significantly downregulated in the stomach. Slc15a1, anpep, and slc34a2 were significantly upregulated in the intestine. This study identified the hub genes that may play an important role in the adaptation of the digestive system to artificial diet, which provided novel evidence and ideas for further research on the domestication of mandarin fish from molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Shen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; CCMAR/CIMAR Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Lingyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hewei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guokun Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xindang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Kah Kheng Lim
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaolin Meng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Jinliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Graham AS, Ben-Azu B, Tremblay MÈ, Torre P, Senekal M, Laughton B, van der Kouwe A, Jankiewicz M, Kaba M, Holmes MJ. A review of the auditory-gut-brain axis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1183694. [PMID: 37600010 PMCID: PMC10435389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1183694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss places a substantial burden on medical resources across the world and impacts quality of life for those affected. Further, it can occur peripherally and/or centrally. With many possible causes of hearing loss, there is scope for investigating the underlying mechanisms involved. Various signaling pathways connecting gut microbes and the brain (the gut-brain axis) have been identified and well established in a variety of diseases and disorders. However, the role of these pathways in providing links to other parts of the body has not been explored in much depth. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore potential underlying mechanisms that connect the auditory system to the gut-brain axis. Using select keywords in PubMed, and additional hand-searching in google scholar, relevant studies were identified. In this review we summarize the key players in the auditory-gut-brain axis under four subheadings: anatomical, extracellular, immune and dietary. Firstly, we identify important anatomical structures in the auditory-gut-brain axis, particularly highlighting a direct connection provided by the vagus nerve. Leading on from this we discuss several extracellular signaling pathways which might connect the ear, gut and brain. A link is established between inflammatory responses in the ear and gut microbiome-altering interventions, highlighting a contribution of the immune system. Finally, we discuss the contribution of diet to the auditory-gut-brain axis. Based on the reviewed literature, we propose numerous possible key players connecting the auditory system to the gut-brain axis. In the future, a more thorough investigation of these key players in animal models and human research may provide insight and assist in developing effective interventions for treating hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Graham
- Imaging Sciences, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Torre
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Marjanne Senekal
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Physiological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Barbara Laughton
- Family Clinical Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marcin Jankiewicz
- Imaging Sciences, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mamadou Kaba
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martha J. Holmes
- Imaging Sciences, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- ImageTech, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
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12
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Magallanes-Alba ME, Baricalla A, Rego N, Brun A, Karasov WH, Caviedes-Vidal E. Rapid genome functional annotation pipeline anchored to the house sparrow ( Passer domesticus, Linnaeus 1758) genome reannotation. Biol Methods Protoc 2023; 8:bpad013. [PMID: 37521110 PMCID: PMC10373626 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a valuable avian model for studying evolutionary genetics, development, neurobiology, physiology, behavior, and ecology, both in laboratory and field-based settings. The current annotation of the P. domesticus genome available at the Ensembl Rapid Release site is primarily focused on gene set building and lacks functional information. In this study, we present the first comprehensive functional reannotation of the P. domesticus genome using intestinal Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) libraries. Our revised annotation provides an expanded view of the genome, encompassing 38592 transcripts compared to the current 23574 transcripts in Ensembl. We also predicted 14717 protein-coding genes, achieving 96.4% completeness for Passeriformes lineage BUSCOs. A substantial improvement in this reannotation is the accurate delineation of untranslated region (UTR) sequences. We identified 82.7% and 93.8% of the transcripts containing 5'- and 3'-UTRs, respectively. These UTR annotations are crucial for understanding post-transcriptional regulatory processes. Our findings underscore the advantages of incorporating additional specific RNA-Seq data into genome annotation, particularly when leveraging fast and efficient data processing capabilities. This functional reannotation enhances our understanding of the P. domesticus genome, providing valuable resources for future investigations in various research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Eliana Magallanes-Alba
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Luis, San Luis 5700, Argentina
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Agustín Baricalla
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Pergamino, Buenos Aires 2700, Argentina
| | - Natalia Rego
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Genómica Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Antonio Brun
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Luis, San Luis 5700, Argentina
- Departamento Kinesiología y Fisiatría. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis , San Luis 5700, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - William H Karasov
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Enrique Caviedes-Vidal
- Correspondence address: Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Almte. Brown 907, D5700 ANW, San Luis. Argentina.
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13
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Huang S, Xie Z, Han J, Wang H, Yang G, Li M, Zhou G, Wang Y, Li L, Li L, Zeng Z, Yu J, Chen M, Zhang S. Protocadherin 20 maintains intestinal barrier function to protect against Crohn's disease by targeting ATF6. Genome Biol 2023; 24:159. [PMID: 37407995 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal barrier dysfunction plays a central role in the pathological onset of Crohn's disease. We identify the cadherin superfamily member protocadherin 20 (PCDH20) as a crucial factor in Crohn's disease. Here we describe the function of PCDH20 and its mechanisms in gut homeostasis, barrier integrity, and Crohn's disease development. RESULTS PCDH20 mRNA and protein expression is significantly downregulated in the colonic epithelium of Crohn's disease patients and mice with induced colitis compared with controls. In mice, intestinal-specific Pcdh20 knockout causes defects in enterocyte proliferation and differentiation, while causing morphological abnormalities. Specifically, the deletion disrupts barrier integrity by unzipping adherens junctions via β-catenin regulation and p120-catenin phosphorylation, thus aggravating colitis in DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis mouse models. Furthermore, we identify activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), a key chaperone of endoplasmic reticulum stress, as a functional downstream effector of PCDH20. By administering a selective ATF6 activator, the impairment of intestinal barrier integrity and dysregulation of CHOP/β-catenin/p-p120-catenin pathway was reversed in Pcdh20-ablated mice with colitis and PCDH20-deficient colonic cell lines. CONCLUSIONS PCDH20 is an essential factor in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis and barrier integrity. Specifically, PCDH20 helps to protect against colitis by tightening adherens junctions through the ATF6/CHOP/β-catenin/p-p120-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Minimally Invasive & Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Manying Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoshi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Thüring EM, Hartmann C, Schwietzer YA, Ebnet K. TMIGD1: Emerging functions of a tumor supressor and adhesion receptor. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02696-5. [PMID: 37087524 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms depends on cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that connect cells to build tissues. The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) constitutes one of the largest families of CAMs. Members of this family regulate such diverse processes like synapse formation, spermatogenesis, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, or epithelial cell-cell adhesion. Through their extracellular domains, they undergo homophilic and heterophilic interactions in cis and trans. Their cytoplasmic domains frequently bind scaffolding proteins to assemble signaling complexes. Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 1 (TMIGD1) is a IgSF member with two Ig-like domains and a short cytoplasmic tail that contains a PDZ domain-binding motif. Recent observations indicate that TMIGD1 has pleiotropic functions in epithelial cells and has a critical role in suppressing malignant cell behavior. Here, we review the molecular characteristics of TMIGD1, its interaction with cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins, the regulation of its expression, and its downregulation in colorectal and renal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Thüring
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ysabel A Schwietzer
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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15
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Krey JF, Chatterjee P, Halford J, Cunningham CL, Perrin BJ, Barr-Gillespie PG. Control of stereocilia length during development of hair bundles. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001964. [PMID: 37011103 PMCID: PMC10101650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Assembly of the hair bundle, the sensory organelle of the inner ear, depends on differential growth of actin-based stereocilia. Separate rows of stereocilia, labeled 1 through 3 from tallest to shortest, lengthen or shorten during discrete time intervals during development. We used lattice structured illumination microscopy and surface rendering to measure dimensions of stereocilia from mouse apical inner hair cells during early postnatal development; these measurements revealed a sharp transition at postnatal day 8 between stage III (row 1 and 2 widening; row 2 shortening) and stage IV (final row 1 lengthening and widening). Tip proteins that determine row 1 lengthening did not accumulate simultaneously during stages III and IV; while the actin-bundling protein EPS8 peaked at the end of stage III, GNAI3 peaked several days later-in early stage IV-and GPSM2 peaked near the end of stage IV. To establish the contributions of key macromolecular assemblies to bundle structure, we examined mouse mutants that eliminated tip links (Cdh23v2J or Pcdh15av3J), transduction channels (TmieKO), or the row 1 tip complex (Myo15ash2). Cdh23v2J/v2J and Pcdh15av3J/av3J bundles had adjacent stereocilia in the same row that were not matched in length, revealing that a major role of these cadherins is to synchronize lengths of side-by-side stereocilia. Use of the tip-link mutants also allowed us to distinguish the role of transduction from effects of transduction proteins themselves. While levels of GNAI3 and GPSM2, which stimulate stereocilia elongation, were greatly attenuated at the tips of TmieKO/KO row 1 stereocilia, they accumulated normally in Cdh23v2J/v2J and Pcdh15av3J/av3J stereocilia. These results reinforced the suggestion that the transduction proteins themselves facilitate localization of proteins in the row 1 complex. By contrast, EPS8 concentrates at tips of all TmieKO/KO, Cdh23v2J/v2J, and Pcdh15av3J/av3J stereocilia, correlating with the less polarized distribution of stereocilia lengths in these bundles. These latter results indicated that in wild-type hair cells, the transduction complex prevents accumulation of EPS8 at the tips of shorter stereocilia, causing them to shrink (rows 2 and 3) or disappear (row 4 and microvilli). Reduced rhodamine-actin labeling at row 2 stereocilia tips of tip-link and transduction mutants suggests that transduction's role is to destabilize actin filaments there. These results suggest that regulation of stereocilia length occurs through EPS8 and that CDH23 and PCDH15 regulate stereocilia lengthening beyond their role in gating mechanotransduction channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn F. Krey
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Paroma Chatterjee
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Julia Halford
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christopher L. Cunningham
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Perrin
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Peter G. Barr-Gillespie
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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Cencer CS, Silverman JB, Meenderink LM, Krystofiak ES, Millis BA, Tyska MJ. Adhesion-based capture stabilizes nascent microvilli at epithelial cell junctions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.08.531705. [PMID: 36945471 PMCID: PMC10028856 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.08.531705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated transporting epithelial cells present an extensive apical array of microvilli - a "brush border" - where neighboring microvilli are linked together by intermicrovillar adhesion complexes (IMACs) composed of protocadherins CDHR2 and CDHR5. Although loss-of-function studies provide strong evidence that IMAC function is needed to build a mature brush border, how the IMAC contributes to the stabilization and accumulation of nascent microvilli remains unclear. We found that, early in differentiation, the apical surface exhibits a marginal accumulation of microvilli, characterized by higher packing density relative to medial regions of the surface. While medial microvilli are highly dynamic and sample multiple orientations over time, marginal protrusions exhibit constrained motion and maintain a vertical orientation. Unexpectedly, we found that marginal microvilli span the junctional space and contact protrusions on neighboring cells, mediated by complexes of CDHR2/CDHR5. FRAP analysis indicated that these transjunctional IMACs are highly stable relative to adhesion complexes between medial microvilli, which explains the restricted motion of protrusions in the marginal zone. Finally, long-term live imaging revealed that the accumulation of microvilli at cell margins consistently leads to accumulation in medial regions of the cell. Collectively, our findings suggest that nascent microvilli are stabilized by a capture mechanism that is localized to cell margins and enabled by the transjunctional formation of IMACs. These results inform our understanding of how apical specializations are assembled in diverse epithelial systems.
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17
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Jäverfelt S, Hellsén G, Kaji I, Goldenring JR, Pelaseyed T. The MYO1B and MYO5B motor proteins and the SNX27 sorting nexin regulate membrane mucin MUC17 trafficking in enterocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.530313. [PMID: 36945389 PMCID: PMC10028800 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.530313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A dense glycocalyx, composed of the megaDalton-sized membrane mucin MUC17, coats the microvilli in the apical brush border of transporting intestinal epithelial cells, called enterocytes. The establishment of the MUC17-based glycocalyx in the mouse small intestine occurs at the critical suckling-weaning transition. The enterocytic glycocalyx extends 1 µm into the intestinal lumen and prevents the gut bacteria from directly attaching to the enterocytes. To date, the mechanism behind apical targeting of MUC17 to the brush border remains unknown. Here, we show that the actin-based motor proteins MYO1B and MYO5B, and the sorting nexin SNX27 regulate the intracellular trafficking of MUC17 in enterocytes. We demonstrate that MUC17 turnover at the brush border is slow and controlled by MYO1B and SNX27. Furthermore, we report that MYO1B regulates MUC17 protein levels in enterocytes, whereas MYO5B specifically governs MUC17 levels at the brush border. Together, our results extend our understanding of the intracellular trafficking of membrane mucins and provide mechanistic insights into how defective trafficking pathways render enterocytes sensitive to bacterial invasion.
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18
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Sharkova M, Chow E, Erickson T, Hocking JC. The morphological and functional diversity of apical microvilli. J Anat 2023; 242:327-353. [PMID: 36281951 PMCID: PMC9919547 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons use specialized apical processes to perceive external stimuli and monitor internal body conditions. The apical apparatus can include cilia, microvilli, or both, and is adapted for the functions of the particular cell type. Photoreceptors detect light through a large, modified cilium (outer segment), that is supported by a surrounding ring of microvilli-like calyceal processes (CPs). Although first reported 150 years ago, CPs remain poorly understood. As a basis for future study, we therefore conducted a review of existing literature about sensory cell microvilli, which can act either as the primary sensory detector or as support for a cilia-based detector. While all microvilli are finger-like cellular protrusions with an actin core, the processes vary across cell types in size, number, arrangement, dynamics, and function. We summarize the current state of knowledge about CPs and the characteristics of the microvilli found on inner ear hair cells (stereocilia) and cerebral spinal fluid-contacting neurons, with comparisons to the brush border of the intestinal and renal epithelia. The structure, stability, and dynamics of the actin core are regulated by a complement of actin-binding proteins, which includes both common components and unique features when compared across cell types. Further, microvilli are often supported by lateral links, a glycocalyx, and a defined extracellular matrix, each adapted to the function and environment of the cell. Our comparison of microvillar features will inform further research into how CPs support photoreceptor function, and also provide a general basis for investigations into the structure and functions of apical microvilli found on sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sharkova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erica Chow
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy Erickson
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Hocking
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Morales EA, Gaeta I, Tyska MJ. Building the brush border, one microvillus at a time. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 80:102153. [PMID: 36827850 PMCID: PMC10033394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Microvilli are actin bundle-supported surface protrusions assembled by diverse cell types to mediate biochemical and physical interactions with the external environment. Found on the surface of some of the earliest animal cells, primordial microvilli likely contributed to bacterial entrapment and feeding. Although millions of years of evolution have repurposed these protrusions to fulfill diverse roles such as detection of mechanical or visual stimuli in inner ear hair cells or retinal pigmented epithelial cells, respectively, solute uptake remains a key essential function linked to these structures. In this mini review, we offer a brief overview of the composition and structure of epithelial microvilli, highlight recent discoveries on the growth of these protrusions early in differentiation, and point to fundamental questions surrounding microvilli biogenesis that remain open for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Angelo Morales
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Isabella Gaeta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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20
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Fitz GN, Weck ML, Bodnya C, Perkins OL, Tyska MJ. Protrusion growth driven by myosin-generated force. Dev Cell 2023; 58:18-33.e6. [PMID: 36626869 PMCID: PMC9940483 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Actin-based protrusions extend from the surface of all eukaryotic cells, where they support diverse activities essential for life. Models of protrusion growth hypothesize that actin filament assembly exerts force for pushing the plasma membrane outward. However, membrane-associated myosin motors are also abundant in protrusions, although their potential for contributing, growth-promoting force remains unexplored. Using an inducible system that docks myosin motor domains to membrane-binding modules with temporal control, we found that application of myosin-generated force to the membrane is sufficient for driving robust protrusion elongation in human, mouse, and pig cell culture models. Protrusion growth scaled with motor accumulation, required barbed-end-directed force, and was independent of cargo delivery or recruitment of canonical elongation factors. Application of growth-promoting force was also supported by structurally distinct myosin motors and membrane-binding modules. Thus, myosin-generated force can drive protrusion growth, and this mechanism is likely active in diverse biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian N Fitz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith L Weck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Caroline Bodnya
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Olivia L Perkins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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21
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Li J. Liquid-liquid phase separation in hair cell stereocilia development and maintenance. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1738-1745. [PMID: 36890881 PMCID: PMC9986246 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As an emerging concept, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in biological systems has shed light on the formation mechanisms of membrane-less compartments in cells. The process is driven by multivalent interactions of biomolecules such as proteins and/or nucleic acids, allowing them to form condensed structures. In the inner ear hair cells, LLPS-based biomolecular condensate assembly plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of stereocilia, the mechanosensing organelles located at the apical surface of hair cells. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the molecular basis governing the LLPS of Usher syndrome-related gene-encoding proteins and their binding partners, which may ultimately result in the formation of upper tip-link density and tip complex density in hair cell stereocilia, offering a better understanding of this severe inherited disease that causes deaf-blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China.,Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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22
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Li H, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang M, Hong F, Wang H, Cui A, Zhao J, Ji W, Chen YG. Cross-species single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals divergence of cell composition and functions in mammalian ileum epithelium. CELL REGENERATION 2022; 11:19. [PMID: 35511361 PMCID: PMC9072607 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnimal models are widely used for biomedical studies and drug evaluation. The small intestine plays key roles in nutrient absorption, hormone secretion, microbiota defense and drug absorption and metabolism. Although the intestinal structure of mammals is conserved, the differences on epithelial cell composition, functional assignments and drug absorption among mammals are largely unknown. Here, cross-species analysis of single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the ileum epithelium from mouse, rat, pig, macaque and human reveals the conserved and differential cell types and functions among species, identifies a new CA7+ cell type in pig, macaque and human ileum, uncovers the distinct expression pattern in enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells and Paneth cells, and defines the conserved and species-specific intestinal stem cell signature genes. The examination of drug absorption across species suggests that drug metabolism in mouse ileum is closer to human while drug transport in macaque ileum is more similar to human. Together, our data provide the comprehensive information about cell composition and functional assignments in five species, and offer the valuable guidance for animal model selection and drug testing.
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23
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Dooley SA, Engevik KA, Digrazia J, Stubler R, Kaji I, Krystofiak E, Engevik AC. Myosin 5b is required for proper localization of the intermicrovillar adhesion complex in the intestinal brush border. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G501-G510. [PMID: 36218265 PMCID: PMC9639760 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00212.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal enterocytes have an elaborate apical membrane of actin-rich protrusions known as microvilli. The organization of microvilli is orchestrated by the intermicrovillar adhesion complex (IMAC), which connects the distal tips of adjacent microvilli. The IMAC is composed of CDHR2 and CDHR5 as well as the scaffolding proteins USH1C, ANKS4B, and Myosin 7b (MYO7B). To create an IMAC, cells must transport the proteins to the apical membrane. Myosin 5b (MYO5B) is a molecular motor that traffics ion transporters to the apical membrane of enterocytes, and we hypothesized that MYO5B may also be responsible for the localization of IMAC proteins. To address this question, we used two different mouse models: 1) neonatal germline MYO5B knockout (MYO5B KO) mice and 2) adult intestinal-specific tamoxifen-inducible VillinCreERT2;MYO5Bflox/flox mice. In control mice, immunostaining revealed that CDHR2, CDHR5, USH1C, and MYO7B were highly enriched at the tips of the microvilli. In contrast, neonatal germline and adult MYO5B-deficient mice showed loss of apical CDHR2, CDHR5, and MYO7B in the brush border and accumulation in a subapical compartment. Colocalization analysis revealed decreased Mander's coefficients in adult inducible MYO5B-deficient mice compared with control mice for CDHR2, CDHR5, USH1C, and MYO7B. Scanning electron microscopy images further demonstrated aberrant microvilli packing in adult inducible MYO5B-deficient mouse small intestine. These data indicate that MYO5B is responsible for the delivery of IMAC components to the apical membrane.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The intestinal epithelium absorbs nutrients and water through an elaborate apical membrane of highly organized microvilli. Microvilli organization is regulated by the intermicrovillar adhesion complexes, which create links between neighboring microvilli and control microvilli packing and density. In this study, we report a new trafficking partner of the IMAC, Myosin 5b. Loss of Myosin 5b results in a disorganized brush border and failure of IMAC proteins to reach the distal tips of microvilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Dooley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kristen A Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jessica Digrazia
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rachel Stubler
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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24
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Vazquez SE, Mann SA, Bodansky A, Kung AF, Quandt Z, Ferré EMN, Landegren N, Eriksson D, Bastard P, Zhang SY, Liu J, Mitchell A, Proekt I, Yu D, Mandel-Brehm C, Wang CY, Miao B, Sowa G, Zorn K, Chan AY, Tagi VM, Shimizu C, Tremoulet A, Lynch K, Wilson MR, Kämpe O, Dobbs K, Delmonte OM, Bacchetta R, Notarangelo LD, Burns JC, Casanova JL, Lionakis MS, Torgerson TR, Anderson MS, DeRisi JL. Autoantibody discovery across monogenic, acquired, and COVID-19-associated autoimmunity with scalable PhIP-seq. eLife 2022; 11:e78550. [PMID: 36300623 PMCID: PMC9711525 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP-seq) allows for unbiased, proteome-wide autoantibody discovery across a variety of disease settings, with identification of disease-specific autoantigens providing new insight into previously poorly understood forms of immune dysregulation. Despite several successful implementations of PhIP-seq for autoantigen discovery, including our previous work (Vazquez et al., 2020), current protocols are inherently difficult to scale to accommodate large cohorts of cases and importantly, healthy controls. Here, we develop and validate a high throughput extension of PhIP-seq in various etiologies of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including APS1, IPEX, RAG1/2 deficiency, Kawasaki disease (KD), multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and finally, mild and severe forms of COVID-19. We demonstrate that these scaled datasets enable machine-learning approaches that result in robust prediction of disease status, as well as the ability to detect both known and novel autoantigens, such as prodynorphin (PDYN) in APS1 patients, and intestinally expressed proteins BEST4 and BTNL8 in IPEX patients. Remarkably, BEST4 antibodies were also found in two patients with RAG1/2 deficiency, one of whom had very early onset IBD. Scaled PhIP-seq examination of both MIS-C and KD demonstrated rare, overlapping antigens, including CGNL1, as well as several strongly enriched putative pneumonia-associated antigens in severe COVID-19, including the endosomal protein EEA1. Together, scaled PhIP-seq provides a valuable tool for broadly assessing both rare and common autoantigen overlap between autoimmune diseases of varying origins and etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Vazquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- School of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Sabrina A Mann
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Aaron Bodansky
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Andrew F Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Zoe Quandt
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Elise MN Ferré
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Nils Landegren
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Science for life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Daniel Eriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Paul Bastard
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick ChildrenParisFrance
- Imagine Institute, University of ParisParisFrance
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick ChildrenParisFrance
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick ChildrenParisFrance
- Imagine Institute, University of ParisParisFrance
| | - Jamin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Berkeley-University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Anthea Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Irina Proekt
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - David Yu
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Caleigh Mandel-Brehm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Chung-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Brenda Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Gavin Sowa
- School of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Kelsey Zorn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alice Y Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, Bone and Marrow Transplantation, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Veronica M Tagi
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Chisato Shimizu
- Kawasaki Disease Research Center, Rady Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Adriana Tremoulet
- Kawasaki Disease Research Center, Rady Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Kara Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Zuckerberg San Francisco GeneralSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Michael R Wilson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Olle Kämpe
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical Science and KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of BergenBergenNorway
- Center of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Ottavia M Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Rosa Bacchetta
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jane C Burns
- Kawasaki Disease Research Center, Rady Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick ChildrenParisFrance
- Imagine Institute, University of ParisParisFrance
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick ChildrenParisFrance
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Troy R Torgerson
- Seattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
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25
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Hartmann C, Thüring EM, Greune L, Michels BE, Pajonczyk D, Leußink S, Brinkmann F, Glaesner-Ebnet M, Wardelmann E, Zobel T, Schmidt MA, Janssen KP, Gerke V, Ebnet K. Intestinal brush border formation requires a TMIGD1-based intermicrovillar adhesion complex. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabm2449. [PMID: 36099341 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abm2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells absorb nutrients through the brush border, composed of dense arrays of highly ordered microvilli at their apical membranes. A protocadherin-based intermicrovillar adhesion complex localized at microvilli tips mediates microvilli packing and organization. Here, we identified a second adhesion complex localized at the proximal base region of microvilli. This complex contained the immunoglobulin superfamily member TMIGD1, which directly interacted with the microvillar scaffolding proteins EBP50 and E3KARP. Complex formation with EBP50 required the activation of EBP50 by the actin-binding protein ezrin and was enhanced by the dephosphorylation of Ser162 in the PDZ2 domain of EBP50 by the phosphatase PP1α. Binding of the EBP50-ezrin complex to TMIGD1 enhanced the dynamic turnover of EBP50 at microvilli. Enterocyte-specific inactivation of Tmigd1 in mice resulted in microvillar blebbing, loss of intermicrovillar adhesion, and perturbed brush border formation. Thus, we identified a second adhesion complex in microvilli and propose a mechanism that promotes microvillar formation and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hartmann
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Thüring
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lilo Greune
- Institute of Infectiology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Birgitta E Michels
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Denise Pajonczyk
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sophia Leußink
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frauke Brinkmann
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mark Glaesner-Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Zobel
- Imaging Network Microscopy, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Alexander Schmidt
- Institute of Infectiology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center (CiMIC), University of Münster, D-48419 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center (CiMIC), University of Münster, D-48419 Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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26
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Nagel-Wolfrum K, Fadl BR, Becker MM, Wunderlich KA, Schäfer J, Sturm D, Fritze J, Gür B, Kaplan L, Andreani T, Goldmann T, Brooks M, Starostik MR, Lokhande A, Apel M, Fath KR, Stingl K, Kohl S, DeAngelis MM, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Kim IK, Owen LA, Vetter JM, Pfeiffer N, Andrade-Navarro MA, Grosche A, Swaroop A, Wolfrum U. Expression and subcellular localization of USH1C/harmonin in human retina provides insights into pathomechanisms and therapy. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:431-449. [PMID: 35997788 PMCID: PMC9851744 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common form of hereditary deaf-blindness in humans. USH is a complex genetic disorder, assigned to three clinical subtypes differing in onset, course and severity, with USH1 being the most severe. Rodent USH1 models do not reflect the ocular phenotype observed in human patients to date; hence, little is known about the pathophysiology of USH1 in the human eye. One of the USH1 genes, USH1C, exhibits extensive alternative splicing and encodes numerous harmonin protein isoforms that function as scaffolds for organizing the USH interactome. RNA-seq analysis of human retinae uncovered harmonin_a1 as the most abundant transcript of USH1C. Bulk RNA-seq analysis and immunoblotting showed abundant expression of harmonin in Müller glia cells (MGCs) and retinal neurons. Furthermore, harmonin was localized in the terminal endfeet and apical microvilli of MGCs, presynaptic region (pedicle) of cones and outer segments (OS) of rods as well as at adhesive junctions between MGCs and photoreceptor cells (PRCs) in the outer limiting membrane (OLM). Our data provide evidence for the interaction of harmonin with OLM molecules in PRCs and MGCs and rhodopsin in PRCs. Subcellular expression and colocalization of harmonin correlate with the clinical phenotype observed in USH1C patients. We also demonstrate that primary cilia defects in USH1C patient-derived fibroblasts could be reverted by the delivery of harmonin_a1 transcript isoform. Our studies thus provide novel insights into PRC cell biology, USH1C pathophysiology and development of gene therapy treatment(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany,Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin R Fadl
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany,Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mirjana M Becker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Sturm
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany,Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacques Fritze
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Burcu Gür
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lew Kaplan
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Goldmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew Brooks
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Anagha Lokhande
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melissa Apel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl R Fath
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany,Department of Biology, Queens College of CUNY, Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Katarina Stingl
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Margaret M DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, NY 14209, USA
| | | | - Ivana K Kim
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leah A Owen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Jan M Vetter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Miguel A Andrade-Navarro
- Computational Biology and Data Mining, Institute of Organismic & Molecular Evolution Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany. Tel: +49 6131 392 5148; E-mail:
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Engevik MA, Engevik AC. Myosins and membrane trafficking in intestinal brush border assembly. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 77:102117. [PMID: 35870341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myosins are a class of motors that participate in a wide variety of cellular functions including organelle transport, cell adhesion, endocytosis and exocytosis, movement of RNA, and cell motility. Among the emerging roles for myosins is regulation of the assembly, morphology, and function of actin protrusions such as microvilli. The intestine harbors an elaborate apical membrane composed of highly organized microvilli. Microvilli assembly and function are intricately tied to several myosins including Myosin 1a, non-muscle Myosin 2c, Myosin 5b, Myosin 6, and Myosin 7b. Here, we review the research progress made in our understanding of myosin mediated apical assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina.
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28
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Yan W, Chen G, Li J. Structure of the Harmonin PDZ2 and coiled-coil domains in a complex with CDHR2 tail and its implications. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22425. [PMID: 35747925 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200403rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Harmonin is a protein containing multiple PDZ domains and is required for the development and maintenance of hair cell stereocilia and brush border microvilli. Mutations in the USH1C gene can cause Usher syndrome type 1C, a severe inheritable disease characterized by the loss of hearing and vision. Here, by solving the high-resolution crystal structure of Harmonin PDZ2 and coiled-coil domains in a complex with the tail of cadherin-related family member 2, we demonstrated that mutations located in the Harmonin PDZ2 domain and found in patients could affect its stability, and thus, the target binding capability. The structure also implies that the coiled-coil domain could form antiparallel dimers under high concentrations, possibly when Harmonin underwent liquid-liquid phase separation in the upper tip-link density in hair cell stereocilia or microvilli of enterocytes of the intestinal epithelium. The crystal structure, together with the biochemical analysis, provided mechanistic implications for Harmonin mutations causing Usher syndrome, non-syndromic deafness, or enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Yan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanhao Chen
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Li
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Abstract
We study microvilli of Caenorhabditis elegans larvae and mouse intestinal tissues by combining high-pressure freezing, cryo-focused ion-beam milling, cryo-electron tomography, and subtomogram averaging. We find that many radial nanometer bristles, referred to as nanobristles, project from the lateral surface of nematode and mouse microvilli. The C. elegans nanobristles are 37.5 nm long. We show that nanobristle formation requires a protocadherin family protein, CDH-8, in C. elegans. The loss of nanobristles in cdh-8 mutants slows down animal growth and ectopically increases the number of Y-shaped microvilli, the putative intermediate structures if microvilli split from their tips. Our results reveal a potential role of nanobristles in separating microvilli and suggest that microvilli division may help generate nascent microvilli with uniformity. Microvilli are actin-bundle-supported membrane protrusions essential for absorption, secretion, and sensation. Microvilli defects cause gastrointestinal disorders; however, mechanisms controlling microvilli formation and organization remain unresolved. Here, we study microvilli by vitrifying the Caenorhabditis elegans larvae and mouse intestinal tissues with high-pressure freezing, thinning them with cryo-focused ion-beam milling, followed by cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging. We find that many radial nanometer bristles referred to as nanobristles project from the lateral surface of nematode and mouse microvilli. The C. elegans nanobristles are 37.5 nm long and 4.5 nm wide. Nanobristle formation requires a protocadherin family protein, CDH-8, in C. elegans. The loss of nanobristles in cdh-8 mutants slows down animal growth and ectopically increases the number of Y-shaped microvilli, the putative intermediate structures if microvilli split from tips. Our results reveal a potential role of nanobristles in separating microvilli and suggest that microvilli division may help generate nascent microvilli with uniformity.
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30
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Vazquez SE, Mann SA, Bodansky A, Kung AF, Quandt Z, Ferré EMN, Landegren N, Eriksson D, Bastard P, Zhang S, Liu J, Mitchell A, Mandel-brehm C, Miao B, Sowa G, Zorn K, Chan AY, Shimizu C, Tremoulet A, Lynch K, Wilson MR, Kampe O, Dobbs K, Delmonte OM, Notarangelo LD, Burns JC, Casanova J, Lionakis MS, Torgerson TR, Anderson MS, Derisi JL. Autoantibody discovery across monogenic, acquired, and COVID19-associated autoimmunity with scalable PhIP-Seq.. [PMID: 35350199 PMCID: PMC8963698 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.23.485509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phage Immunoprecipitation-Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) allows for unbiased, proteome-wide autoantibody discovery across a variety of disease settings, with identification of disease-specific autoantigens providing new insight into previously poorly understood forms of immune dysregulation. Despite several successful implementations of PhIP-Seq for autoantigen discovery, including our previous work (Vazquez et al. 2020), current protocols are inherently difficult to scale to accommodate large cohorts of cases and importantly, healthy controls. Here, we develop and validate a high throughput extension of PhIP-seq in various etiologies of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including APS1, IPEX, RAG1/2 deficiency, Kawasaki Disease (KD), Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), and finally, mild and severe forms of COVID19. We demonstrate that these scaled datasets enable machine-learning approaches that result in robust prediction of disease status, as well as the ability to detect both known and novel autoantigens, such as PDYN in APS1 patients, and intestinally expressed proteins BEST4 and BTNL8 in IPEX patients. Remarkably, BEST4 antibodies were also found in 2 patients with RAG1/2 deficiency, one of whom had very early onset IBD. Scaled PhIP-Seq examination of both MIS-C and KD demonstrated rare, overlapping antigens, including CGNL1, as well as several strongly enriched putative pneumonia-associated antigens in severe COVID19, including the endosomal protein EEA1. Together, scaled PhIP-Seq provides a valuable tool for broadly assessing both rare and common autoantigen overlap between autoimmune diseases of varying origins and etiologies.
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31
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Buenafe AC, Dorrell C, Reddy AP, Klimek J, Marks DL. Proteomic analysis distinguishes extracellular vesicles produced by cancerous versus healthy pancreatic organoids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3556. [PMID: 35241737 PMCID: PMC8894448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced and released by both healthy and malignant cells and bear markers indicative of ongoing biological processes. In the present study we utilized high resolution flow cytometry to detect EVs in the plasma of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and in the supernatants of PDAC and healthy control (HC) pancreatic organoid cultures. Using ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography, PDAC and HC pancreatic organoid EVs were isolated for mass spectrometry analysis. Proteomic and functional protein network analysis showed a striking distinction in that EV proteins profiled in pancreatic cancer organoids were involved in vesicular transport and tumorigenesis while EV proteins in healthy organoids were involved in cellular homeostasis. Thus, the most abundant proteins identified in either case represented non-overlapping cellular programs. Tumor-promoting candidates LAMA5, SDCBP and TENA were consistently upregulated in PDAC EVs. Validation of specific markers for PDAC EVs versus healthy pancreatic EVs will provide the biomarkers and enhanced sensitivity necessary to monitor early disease or disease progression, with or without treatment. Moreover, disease-associated changes in EV protein profiles provide an opportunity to investigate alterations in cellular programming with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Buenafe
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Craig Dorrell
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ashok P Reddy
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John Klimek
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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32
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Bersuder E, Terciolo C, Lechevrel M, Martin E, Quesnelle C, Freund JN, Reimund JM, Gross I. Mesalazine initiates an anti-oncogenic β-catenin / MUCDHL negative feed-back loop in colon cancer cells by cell-specific mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112543. [PMID: 34929577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation associated with intestinal architecture and barrier disruption puts patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Widely used to reduce flares of intestinal inflammation, 5-aminosalicylic acid derivatives (5-ASAs) such as mesalazine appear to also exert more direct mucosal healing and chemopreventive activities against CRC. The mechanisms underlying these activities are poorly understood and may involve the up-regulation of the cadherin-related gene MUCDHL (CDHR5). This atypical cadherin is emerging as a new actor of intestinal homeostasis and opposes colon tumorigenesis. Here, we showed that mesalazine increase mRNA levels of MUCDHL and of other genes involved in the intestinal barrier function in most intestinal cell lines. In addition, using gain / loss of function experiments (agonists, plasmid or siRNAs transfections), luciferase reporter genes and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we thoroughly investigated the molecular mechanisms triggered by mesalazine that lead to the up-regulation of MUCDHL expression. We found that basal transcription of MUCDHL in different CRC cell lines is regulated positively by CDX2 and negatively by β-catenin through a negative feed-back loop. However, mesalazine-stimulation of MUCDHL transcription is controlled by cell-specific mechanisms, involving either enhanced activation of CDX2 and PPAR-γ or repression of the β-catenin inhibitory effect. This work highlights the importance of the cellular and molecular context in the activity of mesalazine and suggests that its efficacy against CRC depends on the genetic alterations of transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bersuder
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chloe Terciolo
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Lechevrel
- Université de Caen / Basse-Normandie, UFR de Médecine, EA 4652, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Elisabeth Martin
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Celine Quesnelle
- Université de Caen / Basse-Normandie, UFR de Médecine, EA 4652, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Noel Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Reimund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France; Université de Caen / Basse-Normandie, UFR de Médecine, EA 4652, F-14032 Caen, France; Service Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Isabelle Gross
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France.
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Gray ME, Johnson ZR, Modak D, Tamilselvan E, Tyska MJ, Sotomayor M. Heterophilic and homophilic cadherin interactions in intestinal intermicrovillar links are species dependent. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001463. [PMID: 34871294 PMCID: PMC8691648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocytes are specialized epithelial cells lining the luminal surface of the small intestine that build densely packed arrays of microvilli known as brush borders. These microvilli drive nutrient absorption and are arranged in a hexagonal pattern maintained by intermicrovillar links formed by 2 nonclassical members of the cadherin superfamily of calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins: protocadherin-24 (PCDH24, also known as CDHR2) and the mucin-like protocadherin (CDHR5). The extracellular domains of these proteins are involved in heterophilic and homophilic interactions important for intermicrovillar function, yet the structural determinants of these interactions remain unresolved. Here, we present X-ray crystal structures of the PCDH24 and CDHR5 extracellular tips and analyze their species-specific features relevant for adhesive interactions. In parallel, we use binding assays to identify the PCDH24 and CDHR5 domains involved in both heterophilic and homophilic adhesion for human and mouse proteins. Our results suggest that homophilic and heterophilic interactions involving PCDH24 and CDHR5 are species dependent with unique and distinct minimal adhesive units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Gray
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zachary R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Debadrita Modak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Elakkiya Tamilselvan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Marcos Sotomayor
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Bidaud-Meynard A, Demouchy F, Nicolle O, Pacquelet A, Suman SK, Plancke CN, Robin FB, Michaux G. High-resolution dynamic mapping of the C. elegans intestinal brush border. Development 2021; 148:dev200029. [PMID: 34704594 PMCID: PMC10659032 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal brush border is made of an array of microvilli that increases the membrane surface area for nutrient processing, absorption and host defense. Studies on mammalian cultured epithelial cells have uncovered some of the molecular players and physical constraints required to establish this apical specialized membrane. However, the building and maintenance of a brush border in vivo has not yet been investigated in detail. Here, we combined super-resolution imaging, transmission electron microscopy and genome editing in the developing nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to build a high-resolution and dynamic localization map of known and new brush border markers. Notably, we show that microvilli components are dynamically enriched at the apical membrane during microvilli outgrowth and maturation, but become highly stable once microvilli are built. This new toolbox will be instrumental for understanding the molecular processes of microvilli growth and maintenance in vivo, as well as the effect of genetic perturbations, notably in the context of disorders affecting brush border integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Bidaud-Meynard
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Flora Demouchy
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ophélie Nicolle
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anne Pacquelet
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Shashi Kumar Suman
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Camille N. Plancke
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - François B. Robin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Michaux
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
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35
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Matoo S, Graves MJ, Acharya P, Choi MS, Storad ZA, Idris RAES, Pickles BK, Arvay TO, Shinder PE, Gerts A, Papish JP, Crawley SW. Comparative analysis of the MyTH4-FERM myosins reveals insights into the determinants of actin track selection in polarized epithelia. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar30. [PMID: 34473561 PMCID: PMC8693963 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-07-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MyTH4-FERM (MF) myosins evolved to play a role in the creation and function of a variety of actin-based membrane protrusions that extend from cells. Here we performed an analysis of the MF myosins, Myo7A, Myo7B, and Myo10, to gain insight into how they select for their preferred actin networks. Using enterocytes that create spatially separated actin tracks in the form of apical microvilli and basal filopodia, we show that actin track selection is principally guided by the mode of oligomerization of the myosin along with the identity of the motor domain, with little influence from the specific composition of the lever arm. Chimeric variants of Myo7A and Myo7B fused to a leucine zipper parallel dimerization sequence in place of their native tails both selected apical microvilli as their tracks, while a truncated Myo10 used its native antiparallel coiled-coil to traffic to the tips of filopodia. Swapping lever arms between the Class 7 and 10 myosins did not change actin track preference. Surprisingly, fusing the motor-neck region of Myo10 to a leucine zipper or oligomerization sequences derived from the Myo7A and Myo7B cargo proteins USH1G and ANKS4B, respectively, re-encoded the actin track usage of Myo10 to apical microvilli with significant efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Matoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Maura J Graves
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Prashun Acharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Myoung Soo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Zachary A Storad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | | | - Brooke K Pickles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Taylen O Arvay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Paula E Shinder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Andrew Gerts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Jacob P Papish
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Scott W Crawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
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36
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Abstract
Morphological transitions are typically attributed to the actions of proteins and lipids. Largely overlooked in membrane shape regulation is the glycocalyx, a pericellular membrane coat that resides on all cells in the human body. Comprised of complex sugar polymers known as glycans as well as glycosylated lipids and proteins, the glycocalyx is ideally positioned to impart forces on the plasma membrane. Large, unstructured polysaccharides and glycoproteins in the glycocalyx can generate crowding pressures strong enough to induce membrane curvature. Stress may also originate from glycan chains that convey curvature preference on asymmetrically distributed lipids, which are exploited by binding factors and infectious agents to induce morphological changes. Through such forces, the glycocalyx can have profound effects on the biogenesis of functional cell surface structures as well as the secretion of extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discuss recent evidence and examples of these mechanisms in normal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Chin-Hun Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; ,
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; , .,Field of Biomedical Engineering and Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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37
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Herath TUB, Roy A, Gianfelice A, Ireton K. Shigella flexneri subverts host polarized exocytosis to enhance cell-to-cell spread. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:1328-1346. [PMID: 34608697 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes dysentery. Critical for disease is the ability of Shigella to use an actin-based motility (ABM) process to spread between cells of the colonic epithelium. ABM transports bacteria to the periphery of host cells, allowing the formation of plasma membrane protrusions that mediate spread to adjacent cells. Here we demonstrate that efficient protrusion formation and cell-to-cell spread of Shigella involves bacterial stimulation of host polarized exocytosis. Using an exocytic probe, we found that exocytosis is locally upregulated in bacterial protrusions in a manner that depends on the Shigella type III secretion system. Experiments involving RNA interference (RNAi) indicate that efficient bacterial protrusion formation and spread require the exocyst, a mammalian multi-protein complex known to mediate polarized exocytosis. In addition, the exocyst component Exo70 and the exocyst regulator RalA were recruited to Shigella protrusions, suggesting that bacteria manipulate exocyst function. Importantly, RNAi-mediated depletion of exocyst proteins or RalA reduced the frequency of protrusion formation and also the lengths of protrusions, demonstrating that the exocyst controls both the initiation and elongation of protrusions. Collectively, our results reveal that Shigella co-opts the exocyst complex to disseminate efficiently in host cell monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilina U B Herath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Antonella Gianfelice
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith Ireton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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38
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Dinculescu A, Link BA, Saperstein DA. Retinal Gene Therapy for Usher Syndrome: Current Developments, Challenges, and Perspectives. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2021; 61:109-124. [PMID: 34584048 PMCID: PMC8478317 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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van Loon AP, Erofeev IS, Goryachev AB, Sagasti A. Stochastic contraction of myosin minifilaments drives evolution of microridge protrusion patterns in epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1501-1513. [PMID: 34081537 PMCID: PMC8351741 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-05-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-based protrusions vary in morphology, stability, and arrangement on cell surfaces. Microridges are laterally elongated protrusions on mucosal epithelial cells, where they form evenly spaced, mazelike patterns that dynamically remodel by fission and fusion. To characterize how microridges form their highly ordered, subcellular patterns and investigate the mechanisms driving fission and fusion, we imaged microridges in the maturing skin of zebrafish larvae. After their initial development, microridge spacing and alignment became increasingly well ordered. Imaging F-actin and non-muscle myosin II (NMII) revealed that microridge fission and fusion were associated with local NMII activity in the apical cortex. Inhibiting NMII blocked fission and fusion rearrangements, reduced microridge density, and altered microridge spacing. High-resolution imaging allowed us to image individual NMII minifilaments in the apical cortex of cells in live animals, revealing that minifilaments are tethered to protrusions and often connect adjacent microridges. NMII minifilaments connecting the ends of two microridges fused them together, whereas minifilaments oriented perpendicular to microridges severed them or pulled them closer together. These findings demonstrate that as cells mature, cortical NMII activity orchestrates a remodeling process that creates an increasingly orderly microridge arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P. van Loon
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ivan S. Erofeev
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew B. Goryachev
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alvaro Sagasti
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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40
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Gaeta IM, Meenderink LM, Postema MM, Cencer CS, Tyska MJ. Direct visualization of epithelial microvilli biogenesis. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2561-2575.e6. [PMID: 33951456 PMCID: PMC8222192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microvilli are actin-bundle-supported surface protrusions that play essential roles in diverse epithelial functions. To develop our understanding of microvilli biogenesis, we used live imaging to directly visualize protrusion growth at early stages of epithelial differentiation. Time-lapse data revealed that specific factors, including epidermal growth factor pathway substrate 8 (EPS8) and insulin-receptor tyrosine kinase substrate (IRTKS) (also known as BAIAP2L1), appear in diffraction-limited puncta at the cell surface and mark future sites of microvillus growth. New core actin bundles elongate from these puncta in parallel with the arrival of ezrin and subsequent plasma membrane encapsulation. In addition to de novo growth, we also observed that new microvilli emerge from pre-existing protrusions. Moreover, we found that nascent microvilli can also collapse, characterized first by loss of membrane wrapping and ezrin enrichment, followed by a sharp decrease in distal tip EPS8 and IRTKS levels, and ultimately disassembly of the core actin bundle itself. These studies are the first to offer a temporally resolved microvillus growth mechanism and highlight factors that participate in this process; they also provide important insights on the growth of apical specializations that will likely apply to diverse epithelial contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Gaeta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leslie M Meenderink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Meagan M Postema
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Caroline S Cencer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Abstract
Filopodia, microvilli and stereocilia represent an important group of plasma membrane protrusions. These specialized projections are supported by parallel bundles of actin filaments and have critical roles in sensing the external environment, increasing cell surface area, and acting as mechanosensors. While actin-associated proteins are essential for actin-filament elongation and bundling in these protrusions, myosin motors have a surprising role in the formation and extension of filopodia and stereocilia and in the organization of microvilli. Actin regulators and specific myosins collaborate in controlling the length of these structures. Myosins can transport cargoes along the length of these protrusions, and, in the case of stereocilia and microvilli, interactions with adaptors and cargoes can also serve to anchor adhesion receptors to the actin-rich core via functionally conserved motor-adaptor complexes. This review highlights recent progress in understanding the diverse roles myosins play in filopodia, microvilli and stereocilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Margaret A Titus
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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42
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Haisma S, Weersma RK, Joosse ME, de Koning BAE, de Meij T, Koot BGP, Wolters V, Norbruis O, Daly MJ, Stevens C, Xavier RJ, Koskela J, Rivas MA, Visschedijk MC, Verkade HJ, Barbieri R, Jansen DBH, Festen EAM, van Rheenen PF, van Diemen CC. Exome sequencing in patient-parent trios suggests new candidate genes for early-onset primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver Int 2021; 41:1044-1057. [PMID: 33590606 PMCID: PMC8252477 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare bile duct disease strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has contributed to understanding the molecular basis of very early-onset IBD, but rare protein-altering genetic variants have not been identified for early-onset PSC. We performed WES in patients diagnosed with PSC ≤ 12 years to investigate the contribution of rare genetic variants to early-onset PSC. METHODS In this multicentre study, WES was performed on 87 DNA samples from 29 patient-parent trios with early-onset PSC. We selected rare (minor allele frequency < 2%) coding and splice-site variants that matched recessive (homozygous and compound heterozygous variants) and dominant (de novo) inheritance in the index patients. Variant pathogenicity was predicted by an in-house developed algorithm (GAVIN), and PSC-relevant variants were selected using gene expression data and gene function. RESULTS In 22 of 29 trios we identified at least 1 possibly pathogenic variant. We prioritized 36 genes, harbouring a total of 54 variants with predicted pathogenic effects. In 18 genes, we identified 36 compound heterozygous variants, whereas in the other 18 genes we identified 18 de novo variants. Twelve of 36 candidate risk genes are known to play a role in transmembrane transport, adaptive and innate immunity, and epithelial barrier function. CONCLUSIONS The 36 candidate genes for early-onset PSC need further verification in other patient cohorts and evaluation of gene function before a causal role can be attributed to its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoukje‐Marije Haisma
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Maria E. Joosse
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyErasmus University Medical CenterSophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara A. E. de Koning
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyErasmus University Medical CenterSophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tim de Meij
- Department of Pediatric GastroenterologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bart G. P. Koot
- Pediatric GastroenterologyEmma Children's HospitalAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Victorien Wolters
- Department of Pediatric GastroenterologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht – Wilhelmina Children's HospitalUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Obbe Norbruis
- Department of PediatricsIsala HospitalZwolleThe Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMAUSA
| | - Christine Stevens
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Jukka Koskela
- Massachusetts General Hospital, GastroenterologyBostonMAUSA,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Clinic of Gastroenterology HelsinkiHelsinki University and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Marijn C. Visschedijk
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ruggero Barbieri
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands,Department of GeneticsUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dianne B. H. Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Eleonora A. M. Festen
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands,Department of GeneticsUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick F. van Rheenen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Cleo C. van Diemen
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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43
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Xiao C, Deng J, Zeng L, Sun T, Yang Z, Yang X. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes and Signaling Pathways Associated With Feed Efficiency in Xiayan Chicken. Front Genet 2021; 12:607719. [PMID: 33815460 PMCID: PMC8010316 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.607719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency is an important economic factor in poultry production, and the rate of feed efficiency is generally evaluated using residual feed intake (RFI). The molecular regulatory mechanisms of RFI remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify candidate genes and signaling pathways related to RFI using RNA-sequencing for low RFI (LRFI) and high RFI (HRFI) in the Xiayan chicken, a native chicken of the Guangxi province. Chickens were divided into four groups based on FE and sex: LRFI and HRFI for males and females, respectively. We identified a total of 1,015 and 742 differentially expressed genes associated with RFI in males and females, respectively. The 32 and 7 Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment terms, respectively, identified in males and females chiefly involved carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism. Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified 11 and 5 significantly enriched signaling pathways, including those for nutrient metabolism, insulin signaling, and MAPK signaling, respectively. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis showed that the pathways involving CAT, ACSL1, ECI2, ABCD2, ACOX1, PCK1, HSPA2, and HSP90AA1 may have an effect on feed efficiency, and these genes are mainly involved in the biological processes of fat metabolism and heat stress. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the increased expression of genes in LRFI chickens was related to intestinal microvilli structure and function, and to the fat metabolism process in males. In females, the highly expressed set of genes in the LRFI group was primarily associated with nervous system and cell development. Our findings provide further insight into RFI regulation mechanisms in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jixian Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Linghu Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhuliang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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44
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Flores J, Takvorian PM, Weiss LM, Cali A, Gao N. Human microsporidian pathogen Encephalitozoon intestinalis impinges on enterocyte membrane trafficking and signaling. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.253757. [PMID: 33589497 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are a large phylum of obligate intracellular parasites. Approximately a dozen species of microsporidia infect humans, where they are responsible for a variety of diseases and occasionally death, especially in immunocompromised individuals. To better understand the impact of microsporidia on human cells, we infected human colonic Caco2 cells with Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and showed that these enterocyte cultures can be used to recapitulate the life cycle of the parasite, including the spread of infection with infective spores. Using transmission electron microscopy, we describe this lifecycle and demonstrate nuclear, mitochondrial and microvillar alterations by this pathogen. We also analyzed the transcriptome of infected cells to reveal host cell signaling alterations upon infection. These high-resolution imaging and transcriptional profiling analysis shed light on the impact of the microsporidial infection on its primary human target cell type.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Peter M Takvorian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Ann Cali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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45
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Parfenov AI, Akhmadullina OV, Belostotsky NI, Sabelnikova EA, Novikov AA, Bykova SV, Dbar SR. Enteropathy with impaired membrane digestion and the prospects for cytoprotective therapy. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:129-137. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.02.200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The article describes enteropathy with impaired membrane digestion (EIMD) as a new nosological form. The main clinical manifestation of EIMD is the poor tolerance of food products, in particular carbohydrates and a decrease in the activity of membrane enzymes, in particular, carbohydrates, in the mucous membrane of the small intestine. The cause of the disease can be acute intestinal infections, viruses, drugs and other agents that damage the small intestine. The pathophysiology, clinical picture and diagnosis of EIMD are described. The basis of therapy is rebamipide, which has the ability to reduce the symptoms of carbohydrate intolerance and increase the activity of disaccharidases.
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46
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Spectrum of MYO7A Mutations in an Indigenous South African Population Further Elucidates the Nonsyndromic Autosomal Recessive Phenotype of DFNB2 to Include Both Homozygous and Compound Heterozygous Mutations. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020274. [PMID: 33671976 PMCID: PMC7919343 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYO7A gene encodes unconventional myosin VIIA, which, when mutated, causes a phenotypic spectrum ranging from recessive hearing loss DFNB2 to deaf-blindness, Usher Type 1B (USH1B). MYO7A mutations are reported in nine DFNB2 families to date, none from sub-Saharan Africa.In DNA, from a cohort of 94 individuals representing 92 families from the Limpopo province of South Africa, eight MYO7A variations were detected among 10 individuals. Family studies identified homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in 17 individuals out of 32 available family members. Four mutations were novel, p.Gly329Asp, p.Arg373His, p.Tyr1780Ser, and p.Pro2126Leufs*5. Two variations, p.Ser617Pro and p.Thr381Met, previously listed as of uncertain significance (ClinVar), were confirmed to be pathogenic. The identified mutations are predicted to interfere with the conformational properties of myosin VIIA through interruption or abrogation of multiple interactions between the mutant and neighbouring residues. Specifically, p.Pro2126Leufs*5, is predicted to abolish the critical site for the interactions between the tail and the motor domain essential for the autoregulation, leaving a non-functional, unregulated protein that causes hearing loss. We have identified MYO7A as a possible key deafness gene among indigenous sub-Saharan Africans. The spectrum of MYO7A mutations in this South African population points to DFNB2 as a specific entity that may occur in a homozygous or in a compound heterozygous state.
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47
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Kapustina M, Cheney RE. A new light chain for myosin-7. J Biol Chem 2021; 295:9297-9298. [PMID: 32651283 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.h120.014595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that an adhesion complex based on cadherins and the motor protein myosin-7b (MYO7B) links the tips of intestinal microvilli. Choi et al. now report that a largely uncharacterized protein known as calmodulin-like protein 4 (CALML4) is a component of this adhesion complex and functions as a light chain for myosin-7b. Because the intermicrovillar adhesion complex is homologous to the myosin-7a (MYO7A)-based Usher syndrome complex and Choi et al. also report that CALML4 can bind to myosin-7a, this work also has important implications for research on myosin-7a and hereditary deaf-blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Kapustina
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard E Cheney
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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48
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Beck M, Baranger M, Moufok-Sadoun A, Bersuder E, Hinkel I, Mellitzer G, Martin E, Marisa L, Duluc I, de Reynies A, Gaiddon C, Freund JN, Gross I. The atypical cadherin MUCDHL antagonizes colon cancer formation and inhibits oncogenic signaling through multiple mechanisms. Oncogene 2020; 40:522-535. [PMID: 33188295 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cadherins form a large and pleiotropic superfamily of membranous proteins sharing Ca2+-binding repeats. While the importance of classic cadherins such as E- or N-cadherin for tumorigenesis is acknowledged, there is much less information about other cadherins that are merely considered as tissue-specific adhesion molecules. Here, we focused on the atypical cadherin MUCDHL that stood out for its unusual features and unique function in the gut. Analyses of transcriptomic data sets (n > 250) established that MUCDHL mRNA levels are down-regulated in colorectal tumors. Importantly, the decrease of MUCDHL expression is more pronounced in the worst-prognosis subset of tumors and is associated with decreased survival. Molecular characterization of the tumors indicated a negative correlation with proliferation-related processes (e.g., nucleic acid metabolism, DNA replication). Functional genomic studies showed that the loss of MUCDHL enhanced tumor incidence and burden in intestinal tumor-prone mice. Extensive structure/function analyses revealed that the mode of action of MUCDHL goes beyond membrane sequestration of ß-catenin and targets through its extracellular domain key oncogenic signaling pathways (e.g., EGFR, AKT). Beyond MUCDHL, this study illustrates how the loss of a gene critical for the morphological and functional features of mature cells contributes to tumorigenesis by dysregulating oncogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Beck
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR-S1113, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Baranger
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR-S1113, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ahlam Moufok-Sadoun
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR-S1113, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Bersuder
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR-S1113, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Hinkel
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR-S1113, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR-S1113, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisabeth Martin
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR-S1113, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Isabelle Duluc
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR-S1113, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Christian Gaiddon
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR-S1113, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Noel Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR-S1113, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Gross
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR-S1113, 67200, Strasbourg, France.
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49
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Liu X, Wei Y, Li W, Li B, Liu L. Cytoskeleton induced the changes of microvilli and mechanical properties in living cells by atomic force microscopy. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3725-3733. [PMID: 33169846 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton acts as a scaffold for membrane protrusion, such as microvilli. However, the relationship between the characteristics of microvilli and cytoskeleton remains poorly understood under the physiological state. To investigate the role of the cytoskeleton in regulating microvilli and cellular mechanical properties, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to detect the dynamic characteristics of microvillus morphology and elastic modulus of living HeLa cells. First, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines were stained with Fluor-488-phalloidin and microtubules antibody. Then, the microvilli morphology was analyzed by high-resolution images of AFM in situ. Furthermore, changes in elastic modulus were investigated by the force curve of AFM. Fluorescence microscopy and AFM results revealed that destroyed microfilaments led to a smaller microvilli size, whereas the increase in the aggregation and number of microfilaments led to a larger microvilli size. The destruction and aggregation of microfilaments remarkably affected the mechanical properties of HeLa cells. Microtubule-related drugs induced the change of microtubule, but we failed to note significant differences in microvilli morphology and mechanical properties of cells. In summary, our results unraveled the relationship between microfilaments and the structure of microvilli and Young's modulus in living HeLa cells, which would contribute to the further understanding of the physiological function of the cytoskeleton in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Wei
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Centre, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Centre, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Centre, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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50
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Gao J, Wang M, Li T, Liu Q, You L, Liao Q. Up-regulation of CDHR5 expression promotes malignant phenotype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12726-12735. [PMID: 33025744 PMCID: PMC7687006 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CDHR5 has been reported to play key roles in carcinogenesis of various cancers, but its roles in pancreatic cancer have not been reported. The present study was designed to investigate its clinical value in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry was performed to analyse the correlation between CDHR5 expression and clinical and pathological features of PDAC, as well as the CDHR5 expression during tumour progression. Cell function assays were performed to investigate CDHR5's effects on PDAC cells. Moreover, qRT-PCR was applied to investigate the expression of CDHR5 isoforms in PDAC cells. Expression of CDHR5 was higher on the membrane of PDAC cells. This high expression level was associated with shorter overall survival of PDAC patients and was identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival by multivariate Cox regression analysis. In addition, expression level of CDHR5 presented an increased trend in the occurrence and progression of PDAC. Cell experiment suggested that CDHR5 could notably promote invasion and migration of PDAC cells. Moreover, analysis of CDHR5 isoforms indicated CDHR5-L was the major isoform expressed in PDAC cell lines. CDHR5 appears to be a promising and novel prognostic factor for PDAC, and its promotion in PDAC metastasis might be ascribed to the isoform CDHR5-L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Gao
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Tong Li
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Lei You
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC)BeijingChina
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