1
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Hu L, Zhou S, Zhang X, Shi C, Zhang Y, Chen X. Self-Assembly of Polymers and Their Applications in the Fields of Biomedicine and Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2097. [PMID: 39125124 PMCID: PMC11314328 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer self-assembly can prepare various shapes and sizes of pores, making it widely used. The complexity and diversity of biomolecules make them a unique class of building blocks for precise assembly. They are particularly suitable for the new generation of biomaterials integrated with life systems as they possess inherent characteristics such as accurate identification, self-organization, and adaptability. Therefore, many excellent methods developed have led to various practical results. At the same time, the development of advanced science and technology has also expanded the application scope of self-assembly of synthetic polymers. By utilizing this technology, materials with unique shapes and properties can be prepared and applied in the field of tissue engineering. Nanomaterials with transparent and conductive properties can be prepared and applied in fields such as electronic displays and smart glass. Multi-dimensional, controllable, and multi-level self-assembly between nanostructures has been achieved through quantitative control of polymer dosage and combination, chemical modification, and composite methods. Here, we list the classic applications of natural- and artificially synthesized polymer self-assembly in the fields of biomedicine and materials, introduce the cutting-edge technologies involved in these applications, and discuss in-depth the advantages, disadvantages, and future development directions of each type of polymer self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.H.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (C.S.); (Y.Z.)
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2
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Marglous S, Brown CE, Padler-Karavani V, Cummings RD, Gildersleeve JC. Serum antibody screening using glycan arrays. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2603-2642. [PMID: 38305761 PMCID: PMC7616341 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans and other animals produce a diverse collection of antibodies, many of which bind to carbohydrate chains, referred to as glycans. These anti-glycan antibodies are a critical part of our immune systems' defenses. Whether induced by vaccination or natural exposure to a pathogen, anti-glycan antibodies can provide protection against infections and cancers. Alternatively, when an immune response goes awry, antibodies that recognize self-glycans can mediate autoimmune diseases. In any case, serum anti-glycan antibodies provide a rich source of information about a patient's overall health, vaccination history, and disease status. Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput platform to rapidly interrogate serum anti-glycan antibodies and identify new biomarkers for a variety of conditions. In addition, glycan microarrays enable detailed analysis of the immune system's response to vaccines and other treatments. Herein we review applications of glycan microarray technology for serum anti-glycan antibody profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marglous
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Claire E Brown
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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3
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Wei X, Wang P, Liu F, Ye X, Xiong D. Drug Discovery Based on Fluorine-Containing Glycomimetics. Molecules 2023; 28:6641. [PMID: 37764416 PMCID: PMC10536126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycomimetics, which are synthetic molecules designed to mimic the structures and functions of natural carbohydrates, have been developed to overcome the limitations associated with natural carbohydrates. The fluorination of carbohydrates has emerged as a promising solution to dramatically enhance the metabolic stability, bioavailability, and protein-binding affinity of natural carbohydrates. In this review, the fluorination methods used to prepare the fluorinated carbohydrates, the effects of fluorination on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of natural sugars, and the biological activities of fluorinated sugars are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, No. 161, Jiefang East Street, Changzhi 046012, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China (F.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Fen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China (F.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinshan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China (F.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Decai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China (F.L.); (X.Y.)
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4
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Khodak YA. Heterologous Expression of Recombinant Proteins and Their Derivatives Used as Carriers for Conjugate Vaccines. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1248-1266. [PMID: 37770392 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923090055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Carrier proteins that provide an effective and long-term immune response to weak antigens has become a real breakthrough in the disease prevention, making it available to a wider range of patients and making it possible to obtain reliable vaccines against a variety of pathogens. Currently, research is continuing both to identify new peptides, proteins, and their complexes potentially suitable for use as carriers, and to develop new methods for isolation, purification, and conjugation of already known and well-established proteins. The use of recombinant proteins has a number of advantages over isolation from natural sources, such as simpler cultivation of the host organism, the possibility of modifying genetic constructs, use of numerous promoter variants, signal sequences, and other regulatory elements. This review is devoted to the methods of obtaining both traditional and new recombinant proteins and their derivatives already being used or potentially suitable for use as carrier proteins in conjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya A Khodak
- Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia.
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5
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Wijesundara YH, Herbert FC, Kumari S, Howlett T, Koirala S, Trashi O, Trashi I, Al-Kharji NM, Gassensmith JJ. Rip it, stitch it, click it: A Chemist's guide to VLP manipulation. Virology 2022; 577:105-123. [PMID: 36343470 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are some of nature's most ubiquitous self-assembled molecular containers. Evolutionary pressures have created some incredibly robust, thermally, and enzymatically resistant carriers to transport delicate genetic information safely. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are human-engineered non-infectious systems that inherit the parent virus' ability to self-assemble under controlled conditions while being non-infectious. VLPs and plant-based viral nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular in medicine as their self-assembly properties are exploitable for applications ranging from diagnostic tools to targeted drug delivery. Understanding the basic structure and principles underlying the assembly of higher-order structures has allowed researchers to disassemble (rip it), reassemble (stitch it), and functionalize (click it) these systems on demand. This review focuses on the current toolbox of strategies developed to manipulate these systems by ripping, stitching, and clicking to create new technologies in the biomedical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Thomas Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Shailendra Koirala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Orikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Noora M Al-Kharji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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6
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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7
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Li L, Chen G. Precise Assembly of Proteins and Carbohydrates for Next-Generation Biomaterials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16232-16251. [PMID: 36044681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complexity and diversity of biomacromolecules make them a unique class of building blocks for generating precise assemblies. They are particularly available to a new generation of biomaterials integrated with living systems due to their intrinsic properties such as accurate recognition, self-organization, and adaptability. Therefore, many excellent approaches have been developed, leading to a variety of quite practical outcomes. Here, we review recent advances in the fabrication and application of artificially precise assemblies by employing proteins and carbohydrates as building blocks, followed by our perspectives on some of new challenges, goals, and opportunities for the future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Multiscale Research Institute for Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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8
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Donahue TC, Zong G, O'Brien NA, Ou C, Gildersleeve JC, Wang LX. Synthesis and Immunological Study of N-Glycan-Bacteriophage Qβ Conjugates Reveal Dominant Antibody Responses to the Conserved Chitobiose Core. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1350-1362. [PMID: 35687881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-Glycosylation plays an important role in many biological recognition processes. However, very few N-glycan-specific antibodies are available for functional studies and potentially for therapeutic development. In this study, we sought to synthesize bacteriophage Qβ conjugates with representative N-glycans and investigate their immunogenicity for raising N-glycan-specific antibodies. An array of Qβ glycoconjugates bearing five different human N-glycans and two different chemical linkers were synthesized, and the immunization of the N-glycan-Qβ conjugates was performed in mice. We found that the N-glycan-Qβ conjugates raised significant IgG antibodies that recognize N-glycans, but, surprisingly, most of the glycan-dependent antibodies were directed to the shared chitobiose core and were nonspecific for respective N-glycan structures. The linker chemistry was found to affect antibody specificity with adipic acid-linked N-glycan-Qβ immunogens raising antibodies capable of recognizing both the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties of the chitobiose core. In contrast, antibodies raised by N-glycan-Qβ immunogens with a triazole linker preferentially recognized the innermost N-acetylglucosamine moiety at the reducing end. We also found that sialylation of the N-glycans significantly suppressed the immune response. Furthermore, the N-glycan-Qβ immunogens with an adipic acid linker elicited higher glycan-specific antibody titers than the N-glycan-triazole-Qβ immunogens. These findings delineate several challenges in eliciting mammalian N-glycan-specific antibodies through the conventional glycoconjugate vaccine design and immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Donahue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Nicholas A O'Brien
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Chong Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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9
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Liu CC, Huo CX, Zhai C, Zheng XJ, Xiong DC, Ye XS. Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of Pentamannose-Based HIV-1 Vaccine Candidates. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:807-820. [PMID: 35470665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dense glycosylation and the trimeric conformation of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope protein limit the accessibility of some cellular glycan processing enzymes and end up with high-mannose-type N-linked glycans on the envelope spike, among which the Man5GlcNAc2 structure occupies a certain proportion. The Man5GlcNAc2 glycan composes the binding sites of some potent broadly neutralizing antibodies, and some lectins that can bind Man5GlcNAc2 show HIV-neutralizing activity. Therefore, Man5GlcNAc2 is a potential target for HIV-1 vaccine development. Herein, a highly convergent and effective strategy was developed for the synthesis of Man5 and its monofluoro-modified, trifluoro-modified, and S-linked analogues. We coupled these haptens to carrier protein CRM197 and evaluated the immunogenicity of the glycoconjugates in mice. The serological assays showed that the native Man5 conjugates failed to induce Man5-specific antibodies in vivo, while the modified analogue conjugates induced stronger antibody responses. However, these antibodies could not bind the native gp120 antigen. These results demonstrated that the immune tolerance mechanism suppressed the immune responses to Man5-related structures and the conformation of glycan epitopes on the synthesized glycoconjugates was distinct from that of native glycan epitopes on gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chang-Xin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Canjia Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
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10
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Deimel LP, Xue X, Sattentau QJ. Glycans in HIV-1 vaccine design – engaging the shield. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:866-881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Cattin M, Bruxelle JF, Ng K, Blaukopf M, Pantophlet R, Kosma P. Synthetic neoglycoconjugates of hepta- and nonamannoside ligands for eliciting oligomannose-specific HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200061. [PMID: 35104013 PMCID: PMC9108342 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oligomannose-type glycans on the spike protein of HIV-1 constitute relevant epitopes to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Herein we describe an improved synthesis of α- and β-linked hepta- and nonamannosyl ligands that, subsequently, were converted into BSA and CRM 197 neoglycoconjugates. We assembled the ligands from anomeric 3-azidopropyl spacer glycosides from select 3-O-protected thiocresyl mannoside donors. Chain extensions were achieved using 4+3 or 4+5 block synthesis of thiocresyl and trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors. Subsequent global deprotection generated the 3-aminopropyl oligosaccharide ligands. ELISA binding data obtained with the β-anomeric hepta- and nonamannosyl conjugates with a selection of HIV-1 bnAbs showed comparable binding of both mannosyl ligands by Fab fragments yet lesser binding of the nonasaccharide conjugate by the corresponding IgG antibodies. These results support previous observations that a complete Man 9 structure might not be the preferred antigenic binding motif for some oligomannose-specific antibodies and have implications for glycoside designs to elicit oligomannose-targeted HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cattin
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences: Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien, Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, A 1190, Vienna, AUSTRIA
| | - Jean-François Bruxelle
- Simon Fraser University Faculty of Health Sciences, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, CANADA
| | - Kurtis Ng
- Simon Fraser University Faculty of Health Sciences, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, CANADA
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna: Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien, Chemistry, AUSTRIA
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Simon Fraser University Faculty of Health Sciences, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, CANADA
| | - Paul Kosma
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, A 1190, Vienna, AUSTRIA
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12
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Richards SJ, Gibson MI. Toward Glycomaterials with Selectivity as Well as Affinity. JACS AU 2021; 1:2089-2099. [PMID: 34984416 PMCID: PMC8717392 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent glycosylated materials (polymers, surfaces, and particles) often show high affinity toward carbohydrate binding proteins (e.g., lectins) due to the nonlinear enhancement from the cluster glycoside effect. This affinity gain has potential in applications from diagnostics, biosensors, and targeted delivery to anti-infectives and in an understanding of basic glycobiology. This perspective highlights the question of selectivity, which is less often addressed due to the reductionist nature of glycomaterials and the promiscuity of many lectins. The use of macromolecular features, including architecture, heterogeneous ligand display, and the installation of non-natural glycans, to address this challenge is discussed, and examples of selectivity gains are given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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13
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Zong G, Toonstra C, Yang Q, Zhang R, Wang LX. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Antibody Binding of HIV-1 V1/V2 Glycopeptide-Bacteriophage Q β Conjugates as a Vaccine Candidate. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212538. [PMID: 34830420 PMCID: PMC8617853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The broadly neutralizing antibody PG9 recognizes a unique glycopeptide epitope in the V1V2 domain of HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein. The present study describes the design, synthesis, and antibody-binding analysis of HIV-1 V1V2 glycopeptide-Qβ conjugates as a mimic of the proposed neutralizing epitope of PG9. The glycopeptides were synthesized using a highly efficient chemoenzymatic method. The alkyne-tagged glycopeptides were then conjugated to the recombinant bacteriophage (Qβ), a virus-like nanoparticle, through a click reaction. Antibody-binding analysis indicated that the synthetic glycoconjugates showed significantly enhanced affinity for antibody PG9 compared with the monomeric glycopeptides. It was also shown that the affinity of the Qβ-conjugates for antibody PG9 was dependent on the density of the glycopeptide antigen display. The glycopeptide-Qβ conjugates synthesized represent a promising candidate of HIV-1 vaccine.
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14
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Szyszka TN, Jenner EN, Tasneem N, Lau YH. Molecular Display on Protein Nanocompartments: Design Strategies and Systems Applications. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N. Szyszka
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Eastern Ave Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Eric N. Jenner
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Eastern Ave Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Nuren Tasneem
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Eastern Ave Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Yu Heng Lau
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Eastern Ave Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
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15
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Agrahari AK, Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Rajkhowa S, Singh AS, Hotha S, Mishra N, Tiwari VK. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7638-7956. [PMID: 34165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanchayita Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam 785010, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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16
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Anderluh M, Berti F, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Chiodo F, Colombo C, Compostella F, Durlik K, Ferhati X, Holmdahl R, Jovanovic D, Kaca W, Lay L, Marinovic-Cincovic M, Marradi M, Ozil M, Polito L, Reina JJ, Reis CA, Sackstein R, Silipo A, Švajger U, Vaněk O, Yamamoto F, Richichi B, van Vliet SJ. Recent advances on smart glycoconjugate vaccines in infections and cancer. FEBS J 2021; 289:4251-4303. [PMID: 33934527 PMCID: PMC9542079 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements in biomedical research preventing death and morbidity in many infectious diseases through the induction of pathogen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Currently, no effective vaccines are available for pathogens with a highly variable antigenic load, such as the human immunodeficiency virus or to induce cellular T-cell immunity in the fight against cancer. The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has reinforced the relevance of designing smart therapeutic vaccine modalities to ensure public health. Indeed, academic and private companies have ongoing joint efforts to develop novel vaccine prototypes for this virus. Many pathogens are covered by a dense glycan-coat, which form an attractive target for vaccine development. Moreover, many tumor types are characterized by altered glycosylation profiles that are known as "tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens". Unfortunately, glycans do not provoke a vigorous immune response and generally serve as T-cell-independent antigens, not eliciting protective immunoglobulin G responses nor inducing immunological memory. A close and continuous crosstalk between glycochemists and glycoimmunologists is essential for the successful development of efficient immune modulators. It is clear that this is a key point for the discovery of novel approaches, which could significantly improve our understanding of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the latest advancements in development of vaccines against glycan epitopes to gain selective immune responses and to provide an overview on the role of different immunogenic constructs in improving glycovaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Durlik
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Xhenti Ferhati
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dragana Jovanovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wieslaw Kaca
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Marinovic-Cincovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Musa Ozil
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Laura Polito
- National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Milan, Italy
| | - Josè Juan Reina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.,Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celso A Reis
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fumiichiro Yamamoto
- Immunohematology & Glycobiology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Anti-glycan antibodies: roles in human disease. Biochem J 2021; 478:1485-1509. [PMID: 33881487 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding antibodies play diverse and critical roles in human health. Endogenous carbohydrate-binding antibodies that recognize bacterial, fungal, and other microbial carbohydrates prevent systemic infections and help maintain microbiome homeostasis. Anti-glycan antibodies can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. For example, alloantibodies to ABO blood group carbohydrates can help reduce the spread of some infectious diseases, but they also impose limitations for blood transfusions. Antibodies that recognize self-glycans can contribute to autoimmune diseases, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome. In addition to endogenous antibodies that arise through natural processes, a variety of vaccines induce anti-glycan antibodies as a primary mechanism of protection. Some examples of approved carbohydrate-based vaccines that have had a major impact on human health are against pneumococcus, Haemophilus influeanza type b, and Neisseria meningitidis. Monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting pathogen associated or tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are used clinically for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This review aims to highlight some of the well-studied and critically important applications of anti-carbohydrate antibodies.
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18
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Prasanna M, Podsiadla-Bialoskorska M, Mielecki D, Ruffier N, Fateh A, Lambert A, Fanuel M, Camberlein E, Szolajska E, Grandjean C. On the use of adenovirus dodecahedron as a carrier for glycoconjugate vaccines. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:437-446. [PMID: 33852106 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09999-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) have been used as immunogenic molecules in numerous recombinant vaccines. VLPs can also serve as vaccine platform to exogenous antigens, usually peptides incorporated within the protein sequences which compose the VLPs or conjugated to them. We herein described the conjugation of a synthetic tetrasaccharide mimicking the Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide to recombinant adenoviral type 3 dodecahedron, formed by the self-assembling of twelve penton bases and investigated the induced immune response when administered subcutaneously (s.c.). Whether formulated in the form of a dodecahedron or disassembled, the glycoconjugate induced an anti-protein response after two and three immunizations equivalent to that observed when the native dodecahedron was administered. On the other hand, the glycoconjugate induced a weak anti-IgM response which diminishes after two doses but no IgM-to-IgG switch was observed in mice against the serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide. In definitive, the whole conjugation process preserved both particulate nature and immunogenicity of the adenoviral dodecahedron. Further studies are needed to fully exploit adenoviral dodecahedron potential in terms of plasticity towards sequence engineering and of its capacity to stimulate the immune system via the intranasal route of administration as well as to shift the response to the carbohydrate antigen by playing both with the carbohydrate to protein ratio and the length of the synthetic carbohydrate antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruthi Prasanna
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), Université de Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Damian Mielecki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Nicolas Ruffier
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), Université de Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Amina Fateh
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), Université de Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Annie Lambert
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), Université de Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- UR BIA, INRAE, F-44316, Nantes, France.,BIBS facility, INRAE, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Camberlein
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), Université de Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Ewa Szolajska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), Université de Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France.
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19
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Bastida I, Fernández-Tejada A. Synthetic carbohydrate-based HIV-1 vaccines. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 35-36:45-56. [PMID: 33388127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An effective prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine is essential in order to contain the HIV/AIDS global pandemic. The discovery of different broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in the last decades has enabled the characterization of several minimal epitopes on the HIV envelope (Env) spike, including glycan-dependent fragments. Herein, we provide a brief overview of the progress made on the development of synthetic carbohydrate-based epitope mimics for the elicitation of bnAbs directed to certain regions on Env gp120 protein: the outer domain high-mannose cluster and the variable loops V1V2 and V3. We focus on the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of minimal immunogens and discuss key aspects towards the development of a successful protective vaccine against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Bastida
- Chemical Immunology Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48169 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Immunology Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48169 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 13, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
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20
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Bruxelle JF, Kirilenko T, Qureshi Q, Lu N, Trattnig N, Kosma P, Pantophlet R. Serum alpha-mannosidase as an additional barrier to eliciting oligomannose-specific HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7582. [PMID: 32371950 PMCID: PMC7200719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomannose-type glycans on HIV-1 gp120 form a patch that is targeted by several broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and that therefore is of interest to vaccine design. However, attempts to elicit similar oligomannose-specific bnAbs by immunizing with oligomannosidic glycoconjugates have only been modestly successful so far. A common assumption is that eliciting oligomannose-specific bnAbs is hindered by B cell tolerance, resulting from the presented oligomannosides being sensed as self molecules. Here, we present data, along with existing scientific evidence, supporting an additional, or perhaps alternate, explanation: serum mannosidase trimming of the presented oligomannosides in vivo. Mannosidase trimming lessens the likelihood of eliciting antibodies with capacity to bind full-sized oligomannose, which typifies the binding mode of existing bnAbs to the oligomannose patch. The rapidity of the observed trimming suggests the need for immunization strategies and/or synthetic glycosides that readily avoid or resist mannosidase trimming upon immunization and can overcome possible tolerance restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bruxelle
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Tess Kirilenko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Quratulain Qureshi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Naiomi Lu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Nino Trattnig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-1190, Austria
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-1190, Austria
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada.
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21
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Wittine K, Saftić L, Peršurić Ž, Kraljević Pavelić S. Novel Antiretroviral Structures from Marine Organisms. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193486. [PMID: 31561445 PMCID: PMC6804230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of significant advancements and success in antiretroviral therapies directed against HIV infection, there is no cure for HIV, which scan persist in a human body in its latent form and become reactivated under favorable conditions. Therefore, novel antiretroviral drugs with different modes of actions are still a major focus for researchers. In particular, novel lead structures are being sought from natural sources. So far, a number of compounds from marine organisms have been identified as promising therapeutics for HIV infection. Therefore, in this paper, we provide an overview of marine natural products that were first identified in the period between 2013 and 2018 that could be potentially used, or further optimized, as novel antiretroviral agents. This pipeline includes the systematization of antiretroviral activities for several categories of marine structures including chitosan and its derivatives, sulfated polysaccharides, lectins, bromotyrosine derivatives, peptides, alkaloids, diterpenes, phlorotannins, and xanthones as well as adjuvants to the HAART therapy such as fish oil. We critically discuss the structures and activities of the most promising new marine anti-HIV compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Wittine
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Lara Saftić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Željka Peršurić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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22
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Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus subtype 1 (HIV-1) bind to its envelope glycoprotein (Env). Half of the molecular mass of Env is carbohydrate making it one of the most heavily glycosylated proteins known in nature. HIV-1 Env glycans are derived from the host and present a formidable challenge for host anti-glycan antibody induction. Anti-glycan antibody induction is challenging because anti-HIV-1 glycan antibodies should recognize Env antigen while not acquiring autoreactivity. Thus, the glycan network on HIV-1 Env is referred to as the glycan shield. Despite the challenges presented by immune recognition of host-derived glycans, neutralizing antibodies capable of binding the glycans on HIV-1 Env can be generated by the host immune system in the setting of HIV-1 infection. In particular, a cluster of high mannose glycans, including an N-linked glycan at position 332, form the high mannose patch and are targeted by a variety of broadly neutralizing antibodies. These high mannose patch-directed HIV-1 antibodies can be categorized into distinct categories based on their antibody paratope structure, neutralization activity, and glycan and peptide reactivity. Below we will compare and contrast each of these classes of HIV-1 glycan-dependent antibodies and describe vaccine design efforts to elicit each of these antibody types.
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23
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Nguyen DN, Xu B, Stanfield RL, Bailey JK, Horiya S, Temme JS, Leon DR, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Costello CE, Wilson IA, Krauss IJ. Oligomannose Glycopeptide Conjugates Elicit Antibodies Targeting the Glycan Core Rather than Its Extremities. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:237-249. [PMID: 30834312 PMCID: PMC6396197 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Up to ∼20% of HIV-infected individuals eventually develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), and many of these antibodies (∼40%) target a region of dense high-mannose glycosylation on gp120 of the HIV envelope protein, known as the "high-mannose patch" (HMP). Thus, there have been numerous attempts to develop glycoconjugate vaccine immunogens that structurally mimic the HMP and might elicit bnAbs targeting this conserved neutralization epitope. Herein, we report on the immunogenicity of glycopeptides, designed by in vitro selection, that bind tightly to anti-HMP antibody 2G12. By analyzing the fine carbohydrate specificity of rabbit antibodies elicited by these immunogens, we found that they differ from some natural human bnAbs, such as 2G12 and PGT128, in that they bind primarily to the core structures within the glycan, rather than to the Manα1 → 2Man termini (2G12) or to the whole glycan (PGT128). Antibody specificity for the glycan core may result from extensive serum mannosidase trimming of the immunogen in the vaccinated animals. This finding has broad implications for vaccine design aiming to target glycan-dependent HIV neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung N. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Bokai Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Robyn L. Stanfield
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs
Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps
Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Bailey
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Satoru Horiya
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - J. Sebastian Temme
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Deborah R. Leon
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Department
of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department
of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs
Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps
Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Isaac J. Krauss
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
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24
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Pfister HB, Kelly M, Qadri F, Ryan ET, Kováč P. Synthesis of glycocluster-containing conjugates for a vaccine against cholera. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4049-4060. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00368a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The glycocluster-containing conjugates for a vaccine against cholera showed immunoreactivity comparable to conventional conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meagan Kelly
- Division of infectious Diseases
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Boston
- USA
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr
- b)
- Dhaka
- Bangladesh
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Division of infectious Diseases
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Boston
- USA
- Department of Medicine
| | - Pavol Kováč
- NIDDK
- LBC
- National Institutes of Health
- Bethesda
- USA
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25
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Trattnig N, Mayrhofer P, Kunert R, Mach L, Pantophlet R, Kosma P. Comparative Antigenicity of Thiourea and Adipic Amide Linked Neoglycoconjugates Containing Modified Oligomannose Epitopes for the Carbohydrate-Specific anti-HIV Antibody 2G12. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:70-82. [PMID: 30525492 PMCID: PMC6340131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel neoglycoproteins containing oligomannosidic penta- and heptasaccharides as structural variants of oligomannose-type N-glycans found on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 have been prepared using different conjugation methods. Two series of synthetic ligands equipped with 3-aminopropyl spacer moieties and differing in the anomeric configuration of the reducing mannose residue were activated either as isothiocyanates or as adipic acid succinimidoyl esters and coupled to bovine serum albumin. Coupling efficiency for adipic acid connected neoglycoconjugates was better than for the thiourea-linked derivatives; the latter constructs, however, exhibited higher reactivity toward antibody 2G12, an HIV-neutralizing antibody with exquisite specificity for oligomannose-type glycans. 2G12 binding avidities for the conjugates, as determined by Bio-Layer Interferometry, were mostly higher for the β-linked ligands and, as expected, increased with the numbers of covalently linked glycans, leading to approximate KD values of 10 to 34 nM for optimized ligand-to-BSA ratios. A similar correlation was observed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, dendrimer-type ligands presenting trimeric oligomannose epitopes were generated by conversion of the amino-spacer group into a terminal azide, followed by triazole formation using "click chemistry". The severe steric bulk of the ligands, however, led to poor efficiency in the coupling step and no increased antibody binding by the resulting neoglycoconjugates, indicating that the low degree of substitution and the spatial orientation of the oligomannose epitopes within these trimeric ligands are not conducive to multivalent 2G12 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , Simon Fraser University , 8888 University Drive , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A1S6 , Canada
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26
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Design, display and immunogenicity of HIV1 gp120 fragment immunogens on virus-like particles. Vaccine 2018; 36:6345-6353. [PMID: 30220462 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The broadly neutralizing antibody against HIV-1, b12, binds to the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on the outer domain (OD) of the gp120 subunit of HIV-1 Env. We have previously reported the design of an E. coli expressed fragment of HIV-1 gp120, b122a, containing about 70% of the b12 epitope with the idea of focusing the immune response to this structure. Since the b122a structure was found to be only partially folded, as assessed by circular dichroism and protease resistance, we attempted to stabilize it by the introduction of additional disulfide bonds. One such mutant, b122a1-b showed increased stability and bound b12 with 30-fold greater affinity as compared to b122a. Various b122a and OD fragment proteins were displayed on the surface of Qβ virus-like particles. Sera raised against these particles in six-month long rabbit immunization studies could neutralize Tier1 viruses across different subtypes with the best results observed with b122a1-b displayed particles. Significantly higher amounts of antibodies directed towards the CD4bs were also elicited by particles displaying b122a1-b. This study highlights the ability of fragment immunogens to focus the antibody response to the conserved CD4bs of HIV-1.
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27
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Yin Z, Wu X, Kaczanowska K, Sungsuwan S, Comellas Aragones M, Pett C, Yu J, Baniel C, Westerlind U, Finn M, Huang X. Antitumor Humoral and T Cell Responses by Mucin-1 Conjugates of Bacteriophage Qβ in Wild-type Mice. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1668-1676. [PMID: 29782143 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-1 (MUC1) is one of the top ranked tumor associated antigens. In order to generate effective anti-MUC1 immune responses as potential anticancer vaccines, MUC1 peptides and glycopeptides have been covalently conjugated to bacteriophage Qβ. Immunization of mice with these constructs led to highly potent antibody responses with IgG titers over one million, which are among the highest anti-MUC1 IgG titers reported to date. Furthermore, the high IgG antibody levels persisted for more than six months. The constructs also elicited MUC1 specific cytotoxic T cells, which can selectively kill MUC1 positive tumor cells. The unique abilities of Qβ-MUC1 conjugates to powerfully induce both antibody and cytotoxic T cell immunity targeting tumor cells bode well for future translation of the constructs as anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Kaczanowska
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | | | - Marta Comellas Aragones
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Christian Pett
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jin Yu
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Ulrika Westerlind
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M.G. Finn
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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28
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Choi JM, Bourassa V, Hong K, Shoga M, Lim EY, Park A, Apaydin K, Udit AK. Polyvalent Hybrid Virus-Like Nanoparticles with Displayed Heparin Antagonist Peptides. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2997-3004. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Valerie Bourassa
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Kevin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Michael Shoga
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Elizabeth Y. Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Andrew Park
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Kazim Apaydin
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Andrew K. Udit
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
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29
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Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that is required for structural and stability purposes and functional roles such as signalling, attachment and shielding. Many human pathogens such as bacteria display an array of carbohydrates on their surface that are non-self to the host; others such as viruses highjack the host-cell machinery and present self-carbohydrates sometimes arranged in a non-self more immunogenic manner. In combination with carrier proteins, these glycan structures can be highly immunogenic. During natural infection, glycan-binding antibodies are often elicited that correlate with long-lasting protection. A great amount of research has been invested in carbohydrate vaccine design to elicit such an immune response, which has led to the development of vaccines against the bacterial pathogens Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumonia and Neisseria meningitidis. Other vaccines, e.g. against HIV-1, are still in development, but promising progress has been made with the isolation of broadly neutralizing glycan-binding antibodies and the engineering of stable trimeric envelope glycoproteins. Carbohydrate vaccines against other pathogens such as viruses (Dengue, Hepatitis C), parasites (Plasmodium) and fungi (Candida) are at different stages of development. This chapter will discuss the challenges in inducing cross-reactive carbohydrate-targeting antibodies and progress towards carbohydrate vaccines.
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30
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Brown SD. Multivalent Display Using Hybrid Virus Nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1798:119-140. [PMID: 29868956 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7893-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many important biological interactions are multivalent and often sensitive to spatial organization. Nonenveloped viruses are a natural source of scaffolds for building multivalent ligands to probe these types of interactions which avoid complex synthetic schemes required for other types of scaffolds. The coat protein (CP) of bacteriophage Qβ can be fused to protein domains and coexpressed with the unfused CP to produce hybrid nanoparticles with high exterior loading of xenogenic protein domains. These hybrid nanoparticles are simple to produce in large quantity. Starting from cDNAs for the virus CP and a codon-optimized ligand domain of interest, bulk purification can be completed in as little as 3 weeks. Major phases of the work involve the cloning of cDNAs into plasmid vectors, test expressions for hybrid nanoparticle formation, and purification by selective precipitation and ultracentrifugation. For uncomplicated protein domains, laboratory culture yields as high as 50 mg/L and 30 protein domains per particle have been routinely achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Brown
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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31
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Saunders KO, Nicely NI, Wiehe K, Bonsignori M, Meyerhoff RR, Parks R, Walkowicz WE, Aussedat B, Wu NR, Cai F, Vohra Y, Park PK, Eaton A, Go EP, Sutherland LL, Scearce RM, Barouch DH, Zhang R, Von Holle T, Overman RG, Anasti K, Sanders RW, Moody MA, Kepler TB, Korber B, Desaire H, Santra S, Letvin NL, Nabel GJ, Montefiori DC, Tomaras GD, Liao HX, Alam SM, Danishefsky SJ, Haynes BF. Vaccine Elicitation of High Mannose-Dependent Neutralizing Antibodies against the V3-Glycan Broadly Neutralizing Epitope in Nonhuman Primates. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2175-2188. [PMID: 28249163 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that target HIV-1 envelope (Env) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. A bnAb target is the Env third variable loop (V3)-glycan site. To determine whether immunization could induce antibodies to the V3-glycan bnAb binding site, we repetitively immunized macaques over a 4-year period with an Env expressing V3-high mannose glycans. Env immunizations elicited plasma antibodies that neutralized HIV-1 expressing only high-mannose glycans-a characteristic shared by early bnAb B cell lineage members. A rhesus recombinant monoclonal antibody from a vaccinated macaque bound to the V3-glycan site at the same amino acids as broadly neutralizing antibodies. A structure of the antibody bound to glycan revealed that the three variable heavy-chain complementarity-determining regions formed a cavity into which glycan could insert and neutralized multiple HIV-1 isolates with high-mannose glycans. Thus, HIV-1 Env vaccination induced mannose-dependent antibodies with characteristics of V3-glycan bnAb precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O Saunders
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Nathan I Nicely
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mattia Bonsignori
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - R Ryan Meyerhoff
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Baptiste Aussedat
- Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nelson R Wu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fangping Cai
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yusuf Vohra
- Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peter K Park
- Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eden P Go
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Laura L Sutherland
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Richard M Scearce
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruijun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tarra Von Holle
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - R Glenn Overman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kara Anasti
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Barton F Haynes
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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32
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Pantophlet R, Trattnig N, Murrell S, Lu N, Chau D, Rempel C, Wilson IA, Kosma P. Bacterially derived synthetic mimetics of mammalian oligomannose prime antibody responses that neutralize HIV infectivity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1601. [PMID: 29150603 PMCID: PMC5693931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomannose-type glycans are among the major targets on the gp120 component of the HIV envelope protein (Env) for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). However, attempts to elicit oligomannose-specific nAbs by immunizing with natural or synthetic oligomannose have so far not been successful, possibly due to B cell tolerance checkpoints. Here we design and synthesize oligomannose mimetics, based on the unique chemical structure of a recently identified bacterial lipooligosaccharide, to appear foreign to the immune system. One of these mimetics is bound avidly by members of a family of oligomannose-specific bnAbs and their putative common germline precursor when presented as a glycoconjugate. The crystal structure of one of the mimetics bound to a member of this bnAb family confirms the antigenic resemblance. Lastly, immunization of human-antibody transgenic animals with a lead mimetic evokes nAbs with specificities approaching those of existing bnAbs. These results provide evidence for utilizing antigenic mimicry to elicit oligomannose-specific bnAbs to HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6. .,Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6. .,SFU Interdisciplinary Research Centre for HIV, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6.
| | - Nino Trattnig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasha Murrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Naiomi Lu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6
| | - Dennis Chau
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6
| | - Caitlin Rempel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190, Vienna, Austria.
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33
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Cai H, Orwenyo J, Giddens JP, Yang Q, Zhang R, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Wang LX. Synthetic Three-Component HIV-1 V3 Glycopeptide Immunogens Induce Glycan-Dependent Antibody Responses. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1513-1522.e4. [PMID: 29107699 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) responses against HIV-1 is a major goal for a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine. One approach is to design immunogens based on known broadly neutralizing epitopes. Here we report the design and synthesis of an HIV-1 glycopeptide immunogen derived from the V3 domain. We performed glycopeptide epitope mapping to determine the minimal glycopeptide sequence as the epitope of V3-glycan-specific bNAbs PGT128 and 10-1074. We further constructed a self-adjuvant three-component immunogen that consists of a 33-mer V3 glycopeptide epitope, a universal T helper epitope P30, and a lipopeptide (Pam3CSK4) that serves as a ligand of Toll-like receptor 2. Rabbit immunization revealed that the synthetic self-adjuvant glycopeptide could elicit substantial glycan-dependent antibodies that exhibited broader recognition of HIV-1 gp120s than the non-glycosylated V3 peptide. These results suggest that the self-adjuvant synthetic glycopeptides can serve as an important component to elicit glycan-specific antibodies in HIV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jared Orwenyo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - John P Giddens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Roushu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | | | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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34
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SCHEEPERS C, CHOWDHURY S, WRIGHT WS, CAMPBELL CT, GARRETT NJ, KARIM QABDOOL, ABDOOL KARIM SS, MOORE PL, GILDERSLEEVE JC, MORRIS L. Serum glycan-binding IgG antibodies in HIV-1 infection and during the development of broadly neutralizing responses. AIDS 2017; 31:2199-2209. [PMID: 28926408 PMCID: PMC5633525 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HIV-1 envelope is covered with glycans that provide structural integrity and protect conserved regions from host antibody responses. However, these glycans are often the target of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that emerge in some HIV-infected individuals. We aimed to determine whether antiglycan IgG antibodies are a general response to HIV-1 infection or specific to individuals who develop bNAbs. METHODS IgG binding to glycans was assessed using arrays that contained 245 unique components including N-linked carbohydrates, glycolipids, and Tn-peptides. Sera from 20 HIV-negative and 27 HIV-positive women (including 12 individuals who developed bNAbs) were profiled longitudinally. HIV-1 gp120 proteins were used to compete for binding to the array. RESULTS Antiglycan IgG antibodies fluctuated over a 3-year period, irrespective of HIV infection. However, HIV-positive individuals had elevated binding to 40 components on the array that included Man8, Man9, Tn-peptides, heat shock protein, and glycolipids. Competition experiments confirmed that a proportion of these glycan-binding IgG antibodies were HIV-1-specific, some of which were higher in individuals who developed bNAbs. CONCLUSIONS HIV-1 infection is associated with elevated levels of IgG antibodies to specific glycans. Furthermore, some antiglycan IgG antibodies were more abundant in individuals with bNAbs, suggesting a unique phenotype that may be informative for HIV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine SCHEEPERS
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131 South Africa
- School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Sudipa CHOWDHURY
- Chemical Glycobiology Section of the Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201 USA
| | - W. Shea WRIGHT
- Chemical Glycobiology Section of the Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201 USA
| | - Christopher T. CAMPBELL
- Chemical Glycobiology Section of the Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201 USA
| | - Nigel J. GARRETT
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), KwaZulu-Natal, 4013 South Africa
| | - Quarraisha ABDOOL KARIM
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), KwaZulu-Natal, 4013 South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York City, 10032, USA
| | - Salim S. ABDOOL KARIM
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), KwaZulu-Natal, 4013 South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York City, 10032, USA
| | - Penny L. MOORE
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131 South Africa
- School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), KwaZulu-Natal, 4013 South Africa
| | - Jeffrey C. GILDERSLEEVE
- Chemical Glycobiology Section of the Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201 USA
| | - Lynn MORRIS
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131 South Africa
- School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), KwaZulu-Natal, 4013 South Africa
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35
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Cheong HY, Groner M, Hong K, Lynch B, Hollingsworth WR, Polonskaya Z, Rhee JK, Baksh MM, Finn MG, Gale AJ, Udit AK. Heparin Binding to an Engineered Virus-like Nanoparticle Antagonist. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4113-4120. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yong Cheong
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Myles Groner
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Kevin Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Brennen Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | | | - Zinaida Polonskaya
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Kyu Rhee
- Department
of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seou 03760, Korea
| | - Michael M. Baksh
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andrew J. Gale
- Department
of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Andrew K. Udit
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
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36
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Orwenyo J, Cai H, Giddens J, Amin MN, Toonstra C, Wang LX. Systematic Synthesis and Binding Study of HIV V3 Glycopeptides Reveal the Fine Epitopes of Several Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1566-1575. [PMID: 28414420 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A class of new glycan-reactive broadly neutralizing antibodies represented by PGT121, 10-1074, and PGT128 has recently been discovered that targets specific N-glycans and the peptide region around the V3 domain. However, the glycan specificity and fine epitopes of these bNAbs remain to be further defined. We report here a systematic chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneous V3 glycopeptides derived from the HIV-1 JR-FL strain carrying defined N-glycans at N332, N301, and N295 sites. Antibody binding studies revealed that both the nature and site of glycosylation in the context of the V3 domain were critical for high-affinity binding. It was found that antibody PGT128 exhibited specificity for high-mannose N-glycan with glycosylation site promiscuity, PGT121 showed binding specificity for glycopeptide carrying a sialylated N-glycan at N301 site, and 10-1074 was specific for glycopeptide carrying a high-mannose N-glycan at N332 site. The synthesis and binding studies permit a detailed assessment of the glycan specificity and the requirement of peptide in the context of antibody-antigen recognition. The identified glycopeptides can be used as potential templates for HIV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Orwenyo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - John Giddens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Mohammed N. Amin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Christian Toonstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
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37
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Zhang X, Zhao X, Luckanagul JA, Yan J, Nie Y, Lee LA, Wang Q. Polymer-Protein Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antigen Immunogenicity. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:442-446. [PMID: 35610867 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoengineered vaccine platforms can be modeled after viruses and other pathogens with highly organized and repetitive structures that trigger the host immune system. Here we demonstrated a pyridine-grafted poly(ε-caprolactone)-based polymer-protein core-shell nanoparticles (PPCS-NPs) platform can effectively trigger the host immune system and lead to significantly higher antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- MicroSep Biological
Science Co. Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jittima Amie Luckanagul
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jing Yan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Yuzhe Nie
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- Department
of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - L. Andrew Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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38
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Behrens AJ, Seabright GE, Crispin M. Targeting Glycans of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins for Vaccine Design. CHEMICAL BIOLOGY OF GLYCOPROTEINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782623823-00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The surface of the envelope spike of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is covered with a dense array of glycans, which is sufficient to impede the host antibody response while maintaining a window for receptor recognition. The glycan density significantly exceeds that typically observed on self glycoproteins and is sufficiently high to disrupt the maturation process of glycans, from oligomannose- to complex-type glycosylation, that normally occurs during glycoprotein transit through the secretory system. It is notable that this generates a degree of homogeneity not seen in the highly mutated protein moiety. The conserved, close glycan packing and divergences from default glycan processing give a window for immune recognition. Encouragingly, in a subset of individuals, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have been isolated that recognize these features and are protective in passive-transfer models. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of the glycan shield of HIV and outline the strategies that are being pursued to elicit glycan-binding bNAbs by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Janina Behrens
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
| | - Gemma E. Seabright
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
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Kveton F, Blšáková A, Hushegyi A, Damborsky P, Blixt O, Jansson B, Tkac J. Optimization of the Small Glycan Presentation for Binding a Tumor-Associated Antibody: Application to the Construction of an Ultrasensitive Glycan Biosensor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2709-2716. [PMID: 28248511 PMCID: PMC5659382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of the study was to optimize the interfacial presentation of a small antigen-a Tn antigen (N-acetylgalactosamine)-for binding to its analyte anti-Tn antibody. Three different methods for the interfacial display of a small glycan are compared here, including two methods based on the immobilization of the Tn antigen on a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) (2D biosensor) and the third one utilizing a layer of a human serum albumin (HSA) for the immobilization of a glycan forming a 3D interface. Results showed that the 3D interface with the immobilized Tn antigen is the most effective bioreceptive surface for binding its analyte. The 3D impedimetric glycan biosensor exhibited a limit of detection of 1.4 aM, a wide linear range (6 orders of magnitude), and high assay reproducibility with an average relative standard deviation of 4%. The buildup of an interface was optimized using various techniques with the visualization of the glycans on the biosensor surface by atomic force microscopy. The study showed that the 3D biosensor is not only the most sensitive compared to other two biosensor platforms but that the Tn antigen on the 3D biosensor surface is more accessible for antibody binding with better kinetics of binding (t50% = 137 s, t50% = the time needed to attain 50% of a steady-state signal) compared to the 2D biosensor configuration with t50% = 354 s. The 3D glycan biosensor was finally applied for the analysis of a human serum sample spiked with an analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kveton
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Blšáková
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andras Hushegyi
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Damborsky
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ola Blixt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1871
Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Jansson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical
Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, SE 221 85 Sweden
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
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40
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Lee PW, Isarov SA, Wallat JD, Molugu SK, Shukla S, Sun JEP, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Dougherty ML, Konkolewicz D, Stewart PL, Steinmetz NF, Hore MJA, Pokorski JK. Polymer Structure and Conformation Alter the Antigenicity of Virus-like Particle-Polymer Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3312-3315. [PMID: 28121424 PMCID: PMC5569573 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Covalent conjugation of water-soluble polymers to proteins is critical for evading immune surveillance in the field of biopharmaceuticals. The most common and long-standing polymer modification is the attachment of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG), termed PEGylation, which has led to several clinically approved pharmaceuticals. Recent data indicate that brush-type polymers significantly enhance in vitro and in vivo properties. Herein, the polymer conformation of poly(ethylene glycol) is detailed and compared with those of water-soluble polyacrylate and polynorbornene (PNB) when attached to icosahedral virus-like particles. Small-angle neutron scattering reveals vastly different polymer conformations of the multivalent conjugates. Immune recognition of conjugated particles was evaluated versus PEGylated particles, and PNB conjugation demonstrated the most effective shielding from antibody recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker W. Lee
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sergey A. Isarov
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jaqueline D. Wallat
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sudheer K. Molugu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jessie E. P. Sun
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | | | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Phoebe L. Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Michael J. A. Hore
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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41
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Rohovie MJ, Nagasawa M, Swartz JR. Virus-like particles: Next-generation nanoparticles for targeted therapeutic delivery. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:43-57. [PMID: 29313023 PMCID: PMC5689521 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most drug therapies distribute the agents throughout the entire body, even though the drugs are typically only needed at specific tissues. This often limits dosage and causes discomfort and harmful side‐effects. Significant research has examined nanoparticles (NPs) for use as targeted delivery vehicles for therapeutic cargo, however, major clinical success has been limited. Current work focuses mainly on liposomal and polymer‐based NPs, but emerging research is exploring the engineering of viral capsids as noninfectious protein‐based NPs—termed virus‐like particles (VLPs). This review covers the research that has been performed thus far and outlines the potential for these VLPs to become highly effective delivery vehicles that overcome the many challenges encountered for targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Rohovie
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305
| | - Maya Nagasawa
- Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305
| | - James R Swartz
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305.,Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305
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42
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Sungsuwan S, Wu X, Huang X. Evaluation of Virus-Like Particle-Based Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Immunogen in a Mouse Tumor Model. Methods Enzymol 2017; 597:359-376. [PMID: 28935111 PMCID: PMC5772760 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are attractive targets for anticancer vaccine development. Due to the low immunogenicity of TACAs, a powerful carrier system is needed to boost immune responses. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are an exciting platform for delivering TACAs to the immune system. The high symmetry of VLPs enables the display of TACAs in an organized manner, which in turn can potently activate antibody secreting B cells, eliciting high titers of antiglycan IgG antibodies. In this chapter, the protocol for conjugating a prototypical TACA, the Tn antigen to a VLP, bacteriophage Qβ, is presented. On an average around 370 copies of Tn can be attached to each Qβ capsid. Immunization of mice with Qβ-Tn conjugate leads to over two orders of magnitude higher IgG antibodies compared to control mice receiving Qβ only without the Tn antigen. Antibodies induced by Qβ-Tn recognize Tn-expressing tumor cells strongly and protect mice from tumor-induced death. The techniques for evaluating antibody titers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibody binding to tumor cells by flow cytometry, and the protection efficacy of the vaccine in a therapeutic model of tumor are discussed in this chapter.
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43
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Bioengineered protein-based nanocage for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:157-171. [PMID: 26994591 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nature, in its wonders, presents and assembles the most intricate and delicate protein structures and this remarkable phenomenon occurs in all kingdom and phyla of life. Of these proteins, cage-like multimeric proteins provide spatial control to biological processes and also compartmentalizes compounds that may be toxic or unstable and avoids their contact with the environment. Protein-based nanocages are of particular interest because of their potential applicability as drug delivery carriers and their perfect and complex symmetry and ideal physical properties, which have stimulated researchers to engineer, modify or mimic these qualities. This article reviews various existing types of protein-based nanocages that are used for therapeutic purposes, and outlines their drug-loading mechanisms and bioengineering strategies via genetic and chemical functionalization. Through a critical evaluation of recent advances in protein nanocage-based drug delivery in vitro and in vivo, an outlook for de novo and in silico nanocage design, and also protein-based nanocage preclinical and future clinical applications will be presented.
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44
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Pumpens P, Renhofa R, Dishlers A, Kozlovska T, Ose V, Pushko P, Tars K, Grens E, Bachmann MF. The True Story and Advantages of RNA Phage Capsids as Nanotools. Intervirology 2016; 59:74-110. [DOI: 10.1159/000449503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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45
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Liu CC, Zhai C, Zheng XJ, Ye XS. Altering the Specificity of the Antibody Response to HIV gp120 with a Glycoconjugate Antigen. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1702-9. [PMID: 27088577 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Some conserved glycans on the HIV envelope protein are targets of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) of HIV. BnAbs provide a precise definition of broadly neutralizing epitopes on the envelope protein of HIV. These epitopes are promising for vaccine design. Many glycan-related antigens with high affinity to bnAbs have been tested as immunogens in vivo. However, it was found that no bnAb-like antibodies were induced. Vaccination with different immunogens containing the same neutralizing epitope may enhance the affinity maturation of antibodies which focus on the shared epitope. This combined immunization strategy showed great potential in peptide epitope-based vaccine design. However, it has not yet been explored on glycan-related epitopes to date. Herein, we take 2G12 as a model to validate this strategy on glycan-related epitopes. A high-affinity antigen of 2G12 was constructed by conjugating the D1 arm tetramannoside to bovine serum albumin. Then, the glycoconjugate was coimmunized with a recombinant gp120, which was expected to selectively benefit the induction of antibodies recognizing the neutralizing epitope of 2G12 on gp120. Mice were inoculated with the two antigens simultaneously or alternately to determine the suitable regimen for this strategy. The serological assays demonstrated that the antibody titers and subtypes responded to the whole gp120 were not improved, and the proportion of antibodies competitively bound to the 2G12 epitope was not enhanced significantly either. However, the coimmunized glycoconjugate selectively raised the proportion of antibodies recognizing D1 arm tetramannoside-related structures on gp120. These results provide important experience for the design of glycan-dependent bnAb-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Canjia Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
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46
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Huang ML, Fisher CJ, Godula K. Glycomaterials for probing host-pathogen interactions and the immune response. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1042-53. [PMID: 27190259 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216647811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial engagement of host cells by pathogens is often mediated by glycan structures presented on the cell surface. Various components of the glycocalyx can be targeted by pathogens for adhesion to facilitate infection. Glycans also play integral roles in the modulation of the host immune response to infection. Therefore, understanding the parameters that define glycan interactions with both pathogens and the various components of the host immune system can aid in the development of strategies to prevent, interrupt, or manage infection. Glycomaterials provide a unique and powerful tool with which to interrogate the compositional and functional complexity of the glycocalyx. The objective of this review is to highlight some key contributions from this area of research in deciphering the mechanisms of pathogenesis and the associated host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia L Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher J Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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47
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Wang Z, Qin C, Hu J, Guo X, Yin J. Recent advances in synthetic carbohydrate-based human immunodeficiency virus vaccines. Virol Sin 2016; 31:110-7. [PMID: 26992403 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-015-3691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is urgently needed to prevent HIV infection and progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). As glycosylation of viral proteins becomes better understood, carbohydrate-based antiviral vaccines against special viruses have attracted much attention. Significant efforts in carbohydrate synthesis and immunogenicity research have resulted in the development of multiple carbohydrate-based HIV vaccines. This review summarizes recent advances in synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines design strategies and the applications of these vaccines in the prevention of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chunjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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48
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Tiwari VK, Mishra BB, Mishra KB, Mishra N, Singh AS, Chen X. Cu-Catalyzed Click Reaction in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3086-240. [PMID: 26796328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC), popularly known as the "click reaction", serves as the most potent and highly dependable tool for facile construction of simple to complex architectures at the molecular level. Click-knitted threads of two exclusively different molecular entities have created some really interesting structures for more than 15 years with a broad spectrum of applicability, including in the fascinating fields of synthetic chemistry, medicinal science, biochemistry, pharmacology, material science, and catalysis. The unique properties of the carbohydrate moiety and the advantages of highly chemo- and regioselective click chemistry, such as mild reaction conditions, efficient performance with a wide range of solvents, and compatibility with different functionalities, together produce miraculous neoglycoconjugates and neoglycopolymers with various synthetic, biological, and pharmaceutical applications. In this review we highlight the successful advancement of Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry in glycoscience and its applications as well as future scope in different streams of applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Bhuwan B Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Kunj B Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, University of California-Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
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49
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Liu CC, Zheng XJ, Ye XS. Broadly Neutralizing Antibody-Guided Carbohydrate-Based HIV Vaccine Design: Challenges and Opportunities. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:357-62. [PMID: 26762799 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The HIV envelope (Env) is heavily glycosylated, facilitating the spread and survival of HIV in many ways. Some potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) such as 2G12, PG9, PG16, and PGTs can recognize the conserved glycan residues on Env. The bnAbs, which often emerge after many years of chronic infection, provide insight into the vulnerability of HIV and can therefore guide the design of vaccines. Many carbohydrate-conjugated vaccines have been designed to induce bnAb-like antibodies, but none have yet been successful. The low antigenicity of these vaccines is one possible explanation. New strategies have been applied to obtain high-affinity antigens of glycan-dependent and other bnAbs. However, when used as immunogens in vivo, high-affinity antigens are still insufficient in eliciting bnAb-like antibodies. bnAbs generally possess some unusual features and may therefore be suppressed by the host immune system. In view of this situation, some immunization regimens based on the affinity maturation of antibodies have been tested. Herein we summarize recent studies into the design of carbohydrate-based HIV vaccines and some valuable experiences gained in work with other bnAb-based HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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50
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Yin Z, Dulaney S, McKay CS, Baniel C, Kaczanowska K, Ramadan S, Finn MG, Huang X. Chemical Synthesis of GM2 Glycans, Bioconjugation with Bacteriophage Qβ, and the Induction of Anticancer Antibodies. Chembiochem 2016; 17:174-80. [PMID: 26538065 PMCID: PMC4726457 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccines is an attractive approach towards tumor prevention and treatment. Herein, we focused on the ganglioside GM2 tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), which is overexpressed in a wide range of tumor cells. GM2 was synthesized chemically and conjugated with a virus-like particle derived from bacteriophage Qβ. Although the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction efficiently introduced 237 copies of GM2 per Qβ, this construct failed to induce significant amounts of anti-GM2 antibodies compared to the Qβ control. In contrast, GM2 immobilized on Qβ through a thiourea linker elicited high titers of IgG antibodies that recognized GM2-positive tumor cells and effectively induced cell lysis through complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, bacteriophage Qβ is a suitable platform to boost antibody responses towards GM2, a representative member of an important class of TACA: the ganglioside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Steven Dulaney
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Craig S McKay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Claire Baniel
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kaczanowska
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya, Egypt
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA.
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