1
|
Yao C, Peng A, Wu P, Zuo J, Pan J, Kong C, Qian Z, Jin Z, Feng H. Side-chain-engineered fluorescent dyes for 3D and long-term dynamic tracking of the plasma membrane in living cells. Talanta 2024; 279:126583. [PMID: 39053364 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The plasma membrane involves in many important biological events such as cell fusion and programmed cell death, but most of current plasma membrane probes cannot meet the requirement of long-term specific anchoring to the plasma membrane. Herein, we propose a molecular side-chain engineering strategy to modulate the long-term imaging performance of fluorescent dyes to the plasma membrane by regulating the cell permeability and anchoring ability. A series of FMR dyes with different lengths of side chains were designed and synthesized, and their transmembrane behaviours and staining performance were evaluated in living HeLa cells. We found that short-chain and medium-chain FMR dyes have excellent cell permeability without the labeling ability to the plasma membrane while the long-chain FMR dyes specifically stain the plasma membrane and can be firmly anchored to the plasma membrane for a long period of time. These long-chain FMR dyes have high stain specificality to the plasma membrane, and C10-FMR can be anchored to the plasma membrane of living cells for 2 h, which enables it to continuously monitor dynamic changes of the plasma membrane. The three-dimensional precision imaging of various cells was achieved using C10-FMR, which provides an opportunity to obtain complete information on the three-dimensional spatial morphology of the plasma membrane. The PEG-induced cell fusion of chicken red blood cells and H2O2-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells were monitored by real-time tracking of dynamic changes of the plasma membrane during these processes, which provide solid examples to prove the usefulness of these fluorescent dyes as long-term imaging tools. This work validates the hypothesis that cell permeability of membrane dyes can be readily regulated by tuning the side chains, and provides the effective design strategy of fluorescent dyes for 3D and long-term dynamic tracking of the plasma membrane of diverse animal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangye Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Aohui Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Penglei Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Junjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Chuixi Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Zhaosheng Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Zhigang Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China.
| | - Hui Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wernert F, Moparthi SB, Pelletier F, Lainé J, Simons E, Moulay G, Rueda F, Jullien N, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Papandréou MJ, Leterrier C, Vassilopoulos S. The actin-spectrin submembrane scaffold restricts endocytosis along proximal axons. Science 2024; 385:eado2032. [PMID: 39172837 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis has characteristic features in neuronal dendrites and presynapses, but how membrane proteins are internalized along the axon shaft remains unclear. We focused on clathrin-coated structures and endocytosis along the axon initial segment (AIS) and their relationship to the periodic actin-spectrin scaffold that lines the axonal plasma membrane. A combination of super-resolution microscopy and platinum-replica electron microscopy on cultured neurons revealed that AIS clathrin-coated pits form within "clearings", circular areas devoid of actin-spectrin mesh. Actin-spectrin scaffold disorganization increased clathrin-coated pit formation. Cargo uptake and live-cell imaging showed that AIS clathrin-coated pits are particularly stable. Neuronal plasticity-inducing stimulation triggered internalization of the clathrin-coated pits through polymerization of branched actin around them. Thus, spectrin and actin regulate clathrin-coated pit formation and scission to control endocytosis at the AIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wernert
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Satish Babu Moparthi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Florence Pelletier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jeanne Lainé
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Eline Simons
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Moulay
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Rueda
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Jullien
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Sofia Benkhelifa-Ziyyat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Vassilopoulos
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sánchez DP, Morice K, Mutovska MG, Khrouz L, Josse P, Allain M, Gohier F, Blanchard P, Monnereau C, Le Bahers T, Sabouri N, Zagranyarski Y, Cabanetos C, Deiana M. Heavy-atom-free π-twisted photosensitizers for fluorescence bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:8107-8121. [PMID: 39041337 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01014k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
As the field of preclinical research on photosensitizers (PSs) for anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) continues to expand, a focused effort is underway to develop agents with innovative molecular structures that offer enhanced targeting, selectivity, activation, and imaging capabilities. In this context, we introduce two new heavy-atom-free PSs, DBXI and DBAI, characterized by a twisted π-conjugation framework. This innovative approach enhances the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) between the singlet excited state (S1) and the triplet state (T1), resulting in improved and efficient intersystem crossing (ISC). Both PSs are highly effective in producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen and/or superoxide species. Additionally, they also demonstrate remarkably strong fluorescence emission. Indeed, in addition to providing exceptional photocytotoxicity, this emissive feature, generally lacking in other reported structures, allows for the precise monitoring of the PSs' distribution within specific cellular organelles even at nanomolar concentrations. These findings underscore the dual functionality of these PSs, serving as both fluorescent imaging probes and light-activated therapeutic agents, emphasizing their potential as versatile and multifunctional tools in the field of PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Korentin Morice
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | - Monika G Mutovska
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Josse
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | - Magali Allain
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | - Frédéric Gohier
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | | | - Cyrille Monnereau
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Tangui Le Bahers
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 5 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nasim Sabouri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yulian Zagranyarski
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Clement Cabanetos
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-ANJOU, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | - Marco Deiana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saczuk K, Dudek M, Matczyszyn K, Deiana M. Advancements in molecular disassembly of optical probes: a paradigm shift in sensing, bioimaging, and therapeutics. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:1390-1416. [PMID: 38963132 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The majority of self-assembled fluorescent dyes suffer from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), which detrimentally affects their diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness. While aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active dyes offer a promising solution to overcome this limitation, they may face significant challenges as the intracellular environment often prevents aggregation, leading to disassembly and posing challenges for AIE fluorogens. Recent progress in signal amplification through the disassembly of ACQ dyes has opened new avenues for creating ultrasensitive optical sensors and enhancing phototherapeutic outcomes. These advances are well-aligned with cutting-edge technologies such as single-molecule microscopy and targeted molecular therapies. This work explores the concept of disaggregation-induced emission (DIE), showcasing the revolutionary capabilities of DIE-based dyes from their design to their application in sensing, bioimaging, disease monitoring, and treatment in both cellular and animal models. Our objective is to provide an in-depth comparison of aggregation versus disaggregation mechanisms, aiming to stimulate further advancements in the design and utilization of ACQ fluorescent dyes through DIE technology. This initiative is poised to catalyze scientific progress across a broad spectrum of disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Saczuk
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marta Dudek
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM(2)), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Marco Deiana
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pfister S, Lesieur J, Bourdoncle P, Elhassan M, Didier P, Anton N, Anton H, Collot M. Red-Emitting Pyrrolyl Squaraine Molecular Rotor Reports Variations of Plasma Membrane and Vesicular Viscosity in Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. Anal Chem 2024; 96:12784-12793. [PMID: 39066698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The viscosity that ensures the controlled diffusion of biomolecules in cells is a crucial biophysical parameter. Consequently, fluorescent probes capable of reporting viscosity variations are valuable tools in bioimaging. In this field, red-shifted probes are essential, as the widely used and gold standard probe remains green-emitting molecular rotors based on BODIPY. Here, we demonstrate that pyrrolyl squaraines, red-emissive fluorophores, exhibit high sensitivity over a wide viscosity range from 30 to 4890 mPa·s. Upon alkylation of the pyrrole moieties, the probes improve their sensitivity to viscosity through an enhanced twisted intramolecular charge transfer phenomenon. We utilized this scaffold to develop a plasma membrane probe, pSQ-PM, that efficiently stains the plasma membrane in a fluorogenic manner. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging, pSQ-PM enabled efficient sensing of viscosity variations in the plasma membrane under various conditions and in different cell lines (HeLa, U2OS, and NIH/3T3). Moreover, upon incubation, pSQ-PM stained the membrane of intracellular vesicles and suggested that the lysosomal membranes displayed enhanced fluidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Pfister
- Chemistry of Photoresponsive Systems, Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST) UMR 7199, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Julie Lesieur
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bourdoncle
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Elhassan
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Regenerative Nanomedicine UMR 1260, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani 21111, Sudan
| | - Pascal Didier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Regenerative Nanomedicine UMR 1260, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Halina Anton
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, Graffenstaden, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Chemistry of Photoresponsive Systems, Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST) UMR 7199, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao C, Zuo J, Wu P, Liu J, Pan J, Zhu E, Feng H, Zhang K, Qian Z. Molecular engineering of fluorescent dyes for long-term specific visualization of the plasma membrane based on alkyl-chain-regulated cell permeability. Talanta 2024; 275:126105. [PMID: 38640520 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Long-term visualization of changes in plasma membrane dynamics during important physiological processes can provide intuitive and reliable information in a 4D mode. However, molecular tools that can visualize plasma membranes over extended periods are lacking due to the absence of effective design rules that can specifically track plasma membrane fluorescent dye molecules over time. Using plant plasma membranes as a model, we systematically investigated the effects of different alkyl chain lengths of FMR dye molecules on their performance in imaging plasma membranes. Our findings indicate that alkyl chain length can effectively regulate the permeability of dye molecules across plasma membranes. The study confirms that introducing medium-length alkyl chains improves the ability of dye molecules to target and anchor to plasma membranes, allowing for long-term imaging of plasma membranes. This provides useful design rules for creating dye molecules that enable long-term visualization of plasma membranes. Using the amphiphilic amino-styryl-pyridine fluorescent skeleton, we discovered that the inclusion of short alkyl chains facilitated rapid crossing of the plasma membrane by the dye molecules, resulting in staining of the cell nucleus and indicating improved cell permeability. Conversely, the inclusion of long alkyl chains hindered the crossing of the cell wall by the dye molecules, preventing staining of the cell membrane and demonstrating membrane impermeability to plant cells. The FMR dyes with medium-length alkyl chains rapidly crossed the cell wall, uniformly stained the cell membrane, and anchored to it for a long period without being transmembrane. This allowed for visualization and tracking of the morphological dynamics of the cell plasma membrane during water loss in a 4D mode. This suggests that the introduction of medium-length alkyl chains into amphiphilic fluorescent dyes can transform them from membrane-permeable fluorescent dyes to membrane-staining fluorescent dyes suitable for long-term imaging of the plasma membrane. In addition, we have successfully converted a membrane-impermeable fluorescent dye molecule into a membrane-staining fluorescent dye by introducing medium-length alkyl chains into the molecule. This molecular engineering of dye molecules with alkyl chains to regulate cell permeability provides a simple and effective design rule for long-term visualization of the plasma membrane, and a convenient and feasible means of chemical modification for efficient transmembrane transport of small molecule drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangye Yao
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zuo
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Penglei Wu
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Pan
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Engao Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaosheng Qian
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahn JH, Johnny CL, Chenoweth DM. Duo-Chol: A Photoconvertible Live Cell Imaging Tool for Tracking Cholesterol. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:890-896. [PMID: 38913976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Investigating cholesterol trafficking pathways continues to be of significant scientific interest owing to its homeostasis being associated with several debilitating cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases including atherosclerosis, Niemann-Pick's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. To further our understanding of cholesterol trafficking, it is imperative to develop new fluorescent probes that possess improved photostability, low efflux, and high spatial and temporal resolution for live-cell imaging. In this study, we developed a photoconvertible fluorescent cholesterol analog, Duo-Chol, enabling the improved spatiotemporal fluorescence imaging of the dynamic localization of cholesterol in live cells. This tool provides a unique and powerful approach to interrogating cholesterol dynamics, addressing the limitations of existing methods, and expanding our ability to probe the biological role of sterols in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- June H Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher L Johnny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David M Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wardhani K, Levina A, Grau GER, Lay PA. Fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic resonance contrast and radioactive tracer labelling of extracellular vesicles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6779-6829. [PMID: 38828885 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00238h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This review focusses on the significance of fluorescent, phosphorescent labelling and tracking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for unravelling their biology, pathophysiology, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Various labeling strategies, such as lipid membrane, surface protein, luminal, nucleic acid, radionuclide, quantum dot labels, and metal complex-based stains, are evaluated for visualizing and characterizing EVs. Direct labelling with fluorescent lipophilic dyes is simple but generally lacks specificity, while surface protein labelling offers selectivity but may affect EV-cell interactions. Luminal and nucleic acid labelling strategies have their own advantages and challenges. Each labelling approach has strengths and weaknesses, which require a suitable probe and technique based on research goals, but new tetranuclear polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes as phosphorescent probes have strong phosphorescence, selective staining, and stability. Future research should prioritize the design of novel fluorescent probes and labelling platforms that can significantly enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and specificity of EV labeling, while preserving their composition and functionality. It is crucial to reduce false positive signals and explore the potential of multimodal imaging techniques to gain comprehensive insights into EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Wardhani
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology (B-TEK) Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Georges E R Grau
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Vascular Immunology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Palmulli R, Couty M, Piontek MC, Ponnaiah M, Dingli F, Verweij FJ, Charrin S, Tantucci M, Sasidharan S, Rubinstein E, Kontush A, Loew D, Lhomme M, Roos WH, Raposo G, van Niel G. CD63 sorts cholesterol into endosomes for storage and distribution via exosomes. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:1093-1109. [PMID: 38886558 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes are now recognized as key players in intercellular communication. Their role is influenced by the specific repertoires of proteins and lipids, which are enriched when they are generated as intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) in multivesicular endosomes. Here we report that a key component of small extracellular vesicles, the tetraspanin CD63, sorts cholesterol to ILVs, generating a pool that can be mobilized by the NPC1/2 complex, and exported via exosomes to recipient cells. In the absence of CD63, cholesterol is retrieved from the endosomes by actin-dependent vesicular transport, placing CD63 and cholesterol at the centre of a balance between inward and outward budding of endomembranes. These results establish CD63 as a lipid-sorting mechanism within endosomes, and show that ILVs and exosomes are alternative providers of cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Palmulli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Couty
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, Inserm UMR1307, CNRS UMR6075, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Melissa C Piontek
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN, ICAN OMICS and ICAN I/O), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Frederik J Verweij
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Charrin
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Tantucci
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sajitha Sasidharan
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- ICAN, National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN, ICAN OMICS and ICAN I/O), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Guillaume van Niel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, Paris, France.
- CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, Inserm UMR1307, CNRS UMR6075, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.
- GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saladin L, Breton V, Le Berruyer V, Nazac P, Lequeu T, Didier P, Danglot L, Collot M. Targeted Photoconvertible BODIPYs Based on Directed Photooxidation-Induced Conversion for Applications in Photoconversion and Live Super-Resolution Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17456-17473. [PMID: 38861358 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Photomodulable fluorescent probes are drawing increasing attention due to their applications in advanced bioimaging. Whereas photoconvertible probes can be advantageously used in tracking, photoswitchable probes constitute key tools for single-molecule localization microscopy to perform super-resolution imaging. Herein, we shed light on a red and far-red BODIPY, namely, BDP-576 and BDP-650, which possess both properties of conversion and switching. Our study demonstrates that these pyrrolyl-BODIPYs convert into typical green- and red-emitting BODIPYs that are perfectly adapted to microscopy. We also showed that this pyrrolyl-BODIPYs undergo Directed Photooxidation Induced Conversion, a photoconversion mechanism that we recently introduced, where the pyrrole moiety plays a central role. These unique features were used to develop targeted photoconvertible probes toward different organelles or subcellular units (plasma membrane, mitochondria, nucleus, actin, Golgi apparatus, etc.) using chemical targeting moieties and a Halo tag. We notably showed that BDP-650 could be used to track intracellular vesicles over more than 20 min in two-color imagings with laser scanning confocal microscopy, demonstrating its robustness. The switching properties of these photoconverters were studied at the single-molecule level and were then successfully used in live single-molecule localization microscopy in epithelial cells and neurons. Both membrane- and mitochondria- targeted probes could be used to decipher membrane 3D architecture and mitochondrial dynamics at the nanoscale. This study builds a bridge between the photoconversion and photoswitching properties of probes undergoing directed photooxidation and shows the versatility and efficacy of this mechanism in advanced live imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lazare Saladin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Victor Breton
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain team; NeurImag core facility scientific director, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Valentine Le Berruyer
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Chemistry of Photoresponsive Systems, Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST) UMR 7199, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Paul Nazac
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain team; NeurImag core facility scientific director, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Thiebault Lequeu
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Pascal Didier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in healthy and Diseased brain team; NeurImag core facility scientific director, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Chemistry of Photoresponsive Systems, Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST) UMR 7199, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zuo J, Peng A, Wu P, Chen J, Yao C, Pan J, Zhu E, Weng Y, Zhang K, Feng H, Jin Z, Qian Z. Charge-regulated fluorescent anchors enable high-fidelity tracking of plasma membrane dynamics during biological events. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8934-8945. [PMID: 38873067 PMCID: PMC11168104 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01423e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Many biological processes generally require long-term visualization tools for time-scale dynamic changes of the plasma membrane, but there is still a lack of design rules for such imaging tools based on small-molecule fluorescent probes. Herein, we revealed the key regulatory roles of charge number and species of fluorescent dyes in the anchoring ability of the plasma membrane and found that the introduction of multi-charged units and appropriate charge species is often required for fluorescent dyes with strong plasma membrane anchoring ability by systematically investigating the structure-function relationship of cyanostyrylpyridium (CSP) dyes with different charge numbers and species and their imaging performance for the plasma membrane. The CSP-DBO dye constructed exhibits strong plasma membrane anchoring ability in staining the plasma membrane of cells, in addition to many other advantages such as excellent biocompatibility and general universality of cell types. Such a fluorescent anchor has been successfully used to monitor chemically induced plasma membrane damage and dynamically track various cellular biological events such as cell fusion and cytokinesis over a long period of time by continuously monitoring the dynamic morphological changes of the plasma membrane, providing a valuable precise visualization tool to study the physiological response to chemical stimuli and reveal the structural morphological changes and functions of the plasma membrane during these important biological events from a dynamic perspective. Furthermore, CSP-DBO exhibits excellent biocompatibility and imaging capability in vivo such as labelling the plasma membrane in vivo and monitoring the metabolic process of lipofuscin as an aging indicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Aohui Peng
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University YIngbin Road 688 JInhua 321004 China
| | - Penglei Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Junyi Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University YIngbin Road 688 JInhua 321004 China
| | - Chuangye Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Junjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Engao Zhu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University YIngbin Road 688 JInhua 321004 China
| | - Yingye Weng
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University YIngbin Road 688 JInhua 321004 China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University YIngbin Road 688 JInhua 321004 China
| | - Hui Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Zhigang Jin
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University YIngbin Road 688 JInhua 321004 China
| | - Zhaosheng Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lim W, Lee S, Koh M, Jo A, Park J. Recent advances in chemical biology tools for protein and RNA profiling of extracellular vesicles. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:483-499. [PMID: 38846074 PMCID: PMC11151817 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles secreted by cells that contain various cellular components such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from the parent cell. EVs are abundant in body fluids and can serve as circulating biomarkers for a variety of diseases or as a regulator of various biological processes. Considering these characteristics of EVs, analysis of the EV cargo has been spotlighted for disease diagnosis or to understand biological processes in biomedical research. Over the past decade, technologies for rapid and sensitive analysis of EVs in biofluids have evolved, but detection and isolation of targeted EVs in complex body fluids is still challenging due to the unique physical and biological properties of EVs. Recent advances in chemical biology provide new opportunities for efficient profiling of the molecular contents of EVs. A myriad of chemical biology tools have been harnessed to enhance the analytical performance of conventional assays for better understanding of EV biology. In this review, we will discuss the improvements that have been achieved using chemical biology tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woojeong Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea
| | - Soyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea
| | - Minseob Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Ala Jo
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea
- Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cauzzo S, Bruno E, Boulet D, Nazac P, Basile M, Callara AL, Tozzi F, Ahluwalia A, Magliaro C, Danglot L, Vanello N. A modular framework for multi-scale tissue imaging and neuronal segmentation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4102. [PMID: 38778027 PMCID: PMC11111705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of robust tools for segmenting cellular and sub-cellular neuronal structures lags behind the massive production of high-resolution 3D images of neurons in brain tissue. The challenges are principally related to high neuronal density and low signal-to-noise characteristics in thick samples, as well as the heterogeneity of data acquired with different imaging methods. To address this issue, we design a framework which includes sample preparation for high resolution imaging and image analysis. Specifically, we set up a method for labeling thick samples and develop SENPAI, a scalable algorithm for segmenting neurons at cellular and sub-cellular scales in conventional and super-resolution STimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy images of brain tissues. Further, we propose a validation paradigm for testing segmentation performance when a manual ground-truth may not exhaustively describe neuronal arborization. We show that SENPAI provides accurate multi-scale segmentation, from entire neurons down to spines, outperforming state-of-the-art tools. The framework will empower image processing of complex neuronal circuitries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cauzzo
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Ester Bruno
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - David Boulet
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, NeurImag Core Facility, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane traffic and diseased brain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Paul Nazac
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane traffic and diseased brain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Miriam Basile
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alejandro Luis Callara
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Tozzi
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Magliaro
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, NeurImag Core Facility, 75014, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane traffic and diseased brain, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Nicola Vanello
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
He Z, Liu D, Li H, Gao W, Li X, Ma H, Shi W. Amphiphilic Rhodamine Fluorescent Probes Combined with Basal Imaging for Fine Structures of the Cell Membrane. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7257-7264. [PMID: 38664861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Confocal fluorescence imaging of fine structures of the cell membrane is important for understanding their biofunctions but is often neglected due to the lack of an effective method. Herein, we develop new amphiphilic rhodamine fluorescent probe RMGs in combination with basal imaging for this purpose. The probes show high signal-to-noise ratio and brightness and low internalization rate, making them suitable for imaging the fine substructures of the cell membrane. Using the representative probe RMG3, we not only observed the cell pseudopodia and intercellular nanotubes but also monitored the formation of migrasomes in real time. More importantly, in-depth imaging studies on more cell lines revealed for the first time that hepatocellular carcinoma cells secreted much more adherent extracellular vesicles than other cell lines, which might serve as a potential indicator of liver cells. We believe that RMGs may be useful for investigating the fine structures of the cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixu He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Diankai Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fan Z, Zhou J, Shu Q, Dong Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Bai G, Yu H, Lu F, Li J, Zhao X. Aptamer-bivalent-cholesterol-mediated proximity entropy-driven exosomal protein reporter for tumor diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116104. [PMID: 38368644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Exosomal proteins from the parental cells are considered to be promising biomarker sets for precise tumor diagnostics and monitoring. However, the accurate quantitative analysis of low-abundance exosomal proteins remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of clinical samples. Here, we standardized the exosomal concentration with a fluorogenic membrane probe and developed an aptamer-bivalent-cholesterol-mediated Proximity Entropy-driven Exosomal Protein Reporter (PEEPR). The proposed PEEPR enables the in-situ analysis of multiple exosomal proteins by integrating bivalent cholesterol anchor (exosomal lipid bilayer) and aptamer (exosomal proteins) with a proximity entropy-driven circuit. Based on this strategy, we successfully achieved detection limits of 3.9 pg/mL exosomal GPC-3 and 3.4 pg/mL exosomal PD-L1. Notably, the standardization of exosome concentrations is designed to avoid errors due to biological heterogeneity. The results showed that evaluating the levels of exosomal GPC-3 and PD-L1 in clinical samples via this strategy could accurately differentiate healthy individuals, hepatitis B patients, and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. In summary, PEEPR is a promising clinical diagnostic strategy for the quantitative analysis of a variety of tumor-associated exosomal proteins for the precise diagnosis and personalized treatment monitoring of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xingcheng Special Service Sanatorium of Strategic Support Force, Huludao, 125100, China
| | - Qiuxia Shu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yingxue Li
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gang Bai
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Fanghao Lu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang S, Shi Z. Quantification of membrane geometry and protein sorting on cell membrane protrusions using fluorescence microscopy. Methods Enzymol 2024; 700:385-411. [PMID: 38971608 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membranes are flexible and can exhibit numerous shapes below the optical diffraction limit. The shape of cell periphery can either induce or be a product of local protein density changes, encoding numerous cellular functions. However, quantifying membrane curvature and the ensuing sorting of proteins in live cells remains technically demanding. Here, we demonstrate the use of simple widefield fluorescence microscopy to study the geometrical properties (i.e., radius, length, and number) of thin membrane protrusions. Importantly, the quantification of protrusion radius establishes a platform for studying the curvature preferences of membrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhu FY, Mei LJ, Tian R, Li C, Wang YL, Xiang SL, Zhu MQ, Tang BZ. Recent advances in super-resolution optical imaging based on aggregation-induced emission. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3350-3383. [PMID: 38406832 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00698k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Super-resolution imaging has rapidly emerged as an optical microscopy technique, offering advantages of high optical resolution over the past two decades; achieving improved imaging resolution requires significant efforts in developing super-resolution imaging agents characterized by high brightness, high contrast and high sensitivity to fluorescence switching. Apart from technical requirements in optical systems and algorithms, super-resolution imaging relies on fluorescent dyes with special photophysical or photochemical properties. The concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was proposed in 2001, coinciding with unprecedented advancements and innovations in super-resolution imaging technology. AIE probes offer many advantages, including high brightness in the aggregated state, low background signal, a larger Stokes shift, ultra-high photostability, and excellent biocompatibility, making them highly promising for applications in super-resolution imaging. In this review, we summarize the progress in implementation methods and provide insights into the mechanism of AIE-based super-resolution imaging, including fluorescence switching resulting from photochemically-converted aggregation-induced emission, electrostatically controlled aggregation-induced emission and specific binding-regulated aggregation-induced emission. Particularly, the aggregation-induced emission principle has been proposed to achieve spontaneous fluorescence switching, expanding the selection and application scenarios of super-resolution imaging probes. By combining the aggregation-induced emission principle and specific molecular design, we offer some comprehensive insights to facilitate the applications of AIEgens (AIE-active molecules) in super-resolution imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yu Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Li-Jun Mei
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Rui Tian
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Chong Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ya-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shi-Li Xiang
- Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pan J, Peng X, Yao C, Zuo J, Lei T, Feng H, Zhang K, Zhu E, Qian Z. Target-activated multicolor fluorescent dyes for 3D imaging of plasma membranes and tracking of apoptosis. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2761-2770. [PMID: 38380679 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02601a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Real-time tracking of dynamic changes in the three-dimensional morphology of the cell plasma membrane is of great importance for a deeper understanding of physiological processes related to the cell plasma membrane. However, there is a lack of imaging dyes that can specifically be used for a long term labelling of plasma membranes, especially for plant cells. Here, we have used molecular engineering strategies to develop a series of target-activated multicolour fluorescent dyes that can be used for long-term and three-dimensional imaging of plant cell plasma membranes. By combining different electron acceptors and donors, four molecular backbones with different emission colours from green to NIR have been obtained. In the designed styrene-based dyes, referred to as the SD dyes, several functional groups were introduced into the backbones to achieve the properties of target-activated fluorescence, rapid and wash-free staining, high plasma membrane targeting ability and long-term imaging function. Using onion epidermal cells as a platform, these dye molecules can provide high-quality imaging of the plasma membrane for up to 6 hours, providing a powerful tool for long-term monitoring of plasma membrane-related biological events. Calcium-mediated apoptosis of plant cells has been tracked for the first time by monitoring the morphological changes of the plasma membrane in real time using SD dyes. These dyes also exhibit excellent 3D imaging performance of the plasma membrane and were further used to track in real time the 3D morphological changes of the plasma membrane during plasmolysis of plant cells, providing a powerful imaging tool for three-dimensional (3D) biology. This work provides a set of multi-colour dye tools for long-term and three-dimensional imaging of plant cell plasma membranes, and also provides molecular design principles for guiding the transmembrane transport of small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Chuangye Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Tingting Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Hui Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Kewei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Engao Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Zhaosheng Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, Jinhua 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Boudna M, Campos AD, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Machackova T, Slaby O, Souckova K. Strategies for labelling of exogenous and endogenous extracellular vesicles and their application for in vitro and in vivo functional studies. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:171. [PMID: 38461237 PMCID: PMC10924393 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of labelling strategies for endogenous and exogenous extracellular vesicles, that can be utilised both in vitro and in vivo. It covers a broad spectrum of approaches, including fluorescent and bioluminescent labelling, and provides an analysis of their applications, strengths, and limitations. Furthermore, this article presents techniques that use radioactive tracers and contrast agents with the ability to track EVs both spatially and temporally. Emphasis is also placed on endogenous labelling mechanisms, represented by Cre-lox and CRISPR-Cas systems, which are powerful and flexible tools for real-time EV monitoring or tracking their fate in target cells. By summarizing the latest developments across these diverse labelling techniques, this review provides researchers with a reference to select the most appropriate labelling method for their EV based research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Boudna
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andres Delgado Campos
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tana Machackova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamila Souckova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim HJ, Jo SH. Nighttime administration of antihypertensive medication: a review of chronotherapy in hypertension. Korean J Intern Med 2024; 39:205-214. [PMID: 37967524 PMCID: PMC10918378 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2023.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension remains a global health concern because of suboptimal blood pressure control despite advancements in antihypertensive treatments. Chronotherapy, defined as evening or bedtime administration of medication based on biological rhythms, is emerging as a potential strategy to improve blood pressure control and treatment outcomes. Clinical trials have investigated the potential effects of nighttime administration of antihypertensive medication in the improvement of 24 hours blood pressure control and reduction of cardiovascular risk. Implementing chronotherapy in clinical practice could have significant implications in enhancing blood pressure control and improving clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension, particularly those with resistant hypertension. However, recent trials have reported contradictory results, causing confusion in real-world practice. Herein we review, analyze, and critique the current evidence and propose suggestions regarding the clinical application and future directions of chronotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pivovarenko VG, Klymchenko AS. Fluorescent Probes Based on Charge and Proton Transfer for Probing Biomolecular Environment. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300321. [PMID: 38158338 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes for sensing fundamental properties of biomolecular environment, such as polarity and hydration, help to study assembly of lipids into biomembranes, sensing interactions of biomolecules and imaging physiological state of the cells. Here, we summarize major efforts in the development of probes based on two photophysical mechanisms: (i) an excited-state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), which is represented by fluorescent solvatochromic dyes that shift their emission band maximum as a function of environment polarity and hydration; (ii) excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), with particular focus on 5-membered cyclic systems, represented by 3-hydroxyflavones, because they exhibit dual emission sensitive to the environment. For both ICT and ESIPT dyes, the design of the probes and their biological applications are summarized. Thus, dyes bearing amphiphilic anchors target lipid membranes and report their lipid organization, while targeting ligands direct them to specific organelles for sensing their local environment. The labels, amino acid and nucleic acid analogues inserted into biomolecules enable monitoring their interactions with membranes, proteins and nucleic acids. While ICT probes are relatively simple and robust environment-sensitive probes, ESIPT probes feature high information content due their dual emission. They constitute a powerful toolbox for addressing multitude of biological questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl G Pivovarenko
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI SysChem, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mlinac-Jerkovic K, Kalanj-Bognar S, Heffer M, Blažetić S. Methodological Pitfalls of Investigating Lipid Rafts in the Brain: What Are We Still Missing? Biomolecules 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38397393 PMCID: PMC10886647 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to succinctly examine the methodologies used in lipid raft research in the brain and to highlight the drawbacks of some investigative approaches. Lipid rafts are biochemically and biophysically different from the bulk membrane. A specific lipid environment within membrane domains provides a harbor for distinct raftophilic proteins, all of which in concert create a specialized platform orchestrating various cellular processes. Studying lipid rafts has proved to be arduous due to their elusive nature, mobility, and constant dynamic reorganization to meet the cellular needs. Studying neuronal lipid rafts is particularly cumbersome due to the immensely complex regional molecular architecture of the central nervous system. Biochemical fractionation, performed with or without detergents, is still the most widely used method to isolate lipid rafts. However, the differences in solubilization when various detergents are used has exposed a dire need to find more reliable methods to study particular rafts. Biochemical methods need to be complemented with other approaches such as live-cell microscopy, imaging mass spectrometry, and the development of specific non-invasive fluorescent probes to obtain a more complete image of raft dynamics and to study the spatio-temporal expression of rafts in live cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija Heffer
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Senka Blažetić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sung Y, Gotina L, Kim KH, Lee JY, Shin S, Aziz H, Kang DM, Liu X, Hong NK, Lee HG, Lee JS, Ku H, Jeong C, Pae AN, Lim S, Chang YT, Kim YK. NeuM: A Neuron-Selective Probe Incorporates into Live Neuronal Membranes via Enhanced Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Primary Neurons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312942. [PMID: 38062619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of a small-molecule probe designed to selectively target neurons would enhance the exploration of intricate neuronal structures and functions. Among such probes, NeuO stands out as the pioneer and has gained significant traction in the field of research. Nevertheless, neither the mechanism behind neuron-selectivity nor the cellular localization has been determined. Here, we introduce NeuM, a derivative of NeuO, designed to target neuronal cell membranes. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism behind the selective neuronal membrane trafficking that distinguishes neurons. In an aqueous buffer, NeuM autonomously assembles into micellar structures, leading to the quenching of its fluorescence (Φ=0.001). Upon exposure to neurons, NeuM micelles were selectively internalized into neuronal endosomes via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Through the endocytic recycling pathway, NeuM micelles integrate into neuronal membrane, dispersing fluorescent NeuM molecules in the membrane (Φ=0.61). Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that NeuM, in comparison to NeuO, possesses optimal lipophilicity and molecular length, facilitating its stable incorporation into phospholipid layers. The stable integration of NeuM within neuronal membrane allows the prolonged monitoring of neurons, as well as the visualization of intricate neuronal structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsik Sung
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Lizaveta Gotina
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyeon Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Shin
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hira Aziz
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Kang
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyeong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Guen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Ku
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherlhyun Jeong
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Lim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lacouture C, Chaves B, Guipouy D, Houmadi R, Duplan-Eche V, Allart S, Destainville N, Dupré L. LFA-1 nanoclusters integrate TCR stimulation strength to tune T-cell cytotoxic activity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:407. [PMID: 38195629 PMCID: PMC10776856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell cytotoxic function relies on the cooperation between the highly specific but poorly adhesive T-cell receptor (TCR) and the integrin LFA-1. How LFA-1-mediated adhesion may scale with TCR stimulation strength is ill-defined. Here, we show that LFA-1 conformation activation scales with TCR stimulation to calibrate human T-cell cytotoxicity. Super-resolution microscopy analysis reveals that >1000 LFA-1 nanoclusters provide a discretized platform at the immunological synapse to translate TCR engagement and density of the LFA-1 ligand ICAM-1 into graded adhesion. Indeed, the number of high-affinity conformation LFA-1 nanoclusters increases as a function of TCR triggering strength. Blockade of LFA-1 conformational activation impairs adhesion to target cells and killing. However, it occurs at a lower TCR stimulation threshold than lytic granule exocytosis implying that it licenses, rather than directly controls, the killing decision. We conclude that the organization of LFA-1 into nanoclusters provides a calibrated system to adjust T-cell killing to the antigen stimulation strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lacouture
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Beatriz Chaves
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Computational Modeling Group, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Eusébio, Brazil
| | - Delphine Guipouy
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Raïssa Houmadi
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Duplan-Eche
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Allart
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Destainville
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Breton V, Nazac P, Boulet D, Danglot L. Molecular mapping of neuronal architecture using STORM microscopy and new fluorescent probes for SMLM imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:014414. [PMID: 38464866 PMCID: PMC10923464 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.014414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Imaging neuronal architecture has been a recurrent challenge over the years, and the localization of synaptic proteins is a frequent challenge in neuroscience. To quantitatively detect and analyze the structure of synapses, we recently developed free SODA software to detect the association of pre and postsynaptic proteins. To fully take advantage of spatial distribution analysis in complex cells, such as neurons, we also selected some new dyes for plasma membrane labeling. Using Icy SODA plugin, we could detect and analyze synaptic association in both conventional and single molecule localization microscopy, giving access to a molecular map at the nanoscale level. To replace those molecular distributions within the neuronal three-dimensional (3D) shape, we used MemBright probes and 3D STORM analysis to decipher the entire 3D shape of various dendritic spine types at the single-molecule resolution level. We report here the example of synaptic proteins within neuronal mask, but these tools have a broader spectrum of interest since they can be used whatever the proteins or the cellular type. Altogether with SODA plugin, MemBright probes thus provide the perfect toolkit to decipher a nanometric molecular map of proteins within a 3D cellular context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Breton
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
| | - Paul Nazac
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
| | - David Boulet
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, NeurImag Core Facility, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, NeurImag Core Facility, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mary B, Asokan N, Jerabkova-Roda K, Larnicol A, Busnelli I, Stemmelen T, Pichot A, Molitor A, Carapito R, Lefebvre O, Goetz JG, Hyenne V. Blood flow diverts extracellular vesicles from endothelial degradative compartments to promote angiogenesis. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57042. [PMID: 37971863 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released by tumors (tEVs) disseminate via circulatory networks and promote microenvironmental changes in distant organs favoring metastatic seeding. Despite their abundance in the bloodstream, how hemodynamics affect the function of circulating tEVs remains unsolved. We demonstrated that efficient uptake of tEVs occurs in venous endothelial cells that are subjected to hemodynamics. Low flow regimes observed in veins partially reroute internalized tEVs toward non-acidic and non-degradative Rab14-positive endosomes, at the expense of lysosomes, suggesting that endothelial mechanosensing diverts tEVs from degradation. Subsequently, tEVs promote the expression of pro-angiogenic transcription factors in low flow-stimulated endothelial cells and favor vessel sprouting in zebrafish. Altogether, we demonstrate that low flow regimes potentiate the pro-tumoral function of circulating tEVs by promoting their uptake and rerouting their trafficking. We propose that tEVs contribute to pre-metastatic niche formation by exploiting endothelial mechanosensing in specific vascular regions with permissive hemodynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mary
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nandini Asokan
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Katerina Jerabkova-Roda
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Annabel Larnicol
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ignacio Busnelli
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tristan Stemmelen
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Angélique Pichot
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Molitor
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphaël Carapito
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Hyenne
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, SNC5055, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Loconte L, Arguedas D, El R, Zhou A, Chipont A, Guyonnet L, Guerin C, Piovesana E, Vázquez‐Ibar JL, Joliot A, Théry C, Martín‐Jaular L. Detection of the interactions of tumour derived extracellular vesicles with immune cells is dependent on EV-labelling methods. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12384. [PMID: 38031976 PMCID: PMC10687762 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication within the complex tumour microenvironment is critical to cancer progression. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TD-EVs) are key players in this process. They can interact with immune cells and modulate their activity, either suppressing or activating the immune system. Deciphering the interactions between TD-EVs and immune cells is essential to understand immune modulation by cancer cells. Fluorescent labelling of TD-EVs is a method of choice to study such interaction. This work aims to determine the impact of EV labelling methods on the detection by imaging flow cytometry and multicolour spectral flow cytometry of EV interaction and capture by the different immune cell types within human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs). EVs released by the triple-negative breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 were labelled either with the lipophilic dye MemGlow-488 (MG-488), Carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE) or through ectopic expression of a MyrPalm-superFolderGFP reporter (mp-sfGFP), which incorporates into EVs during their biogenesis. Our results show that these labelling strategies, although analysed with the same techniques, led to diverging results. While MG-488-labelled EVs incorporate in all cell types, CFSE-labelled EVs are restricted to a minor subset of cells and mp-sfGFP-labelled EVs are mainly detected in CD14+ monocytes which are the main uptakers of EVs and other particles, regardless of the labelling method. Furthermore, our results show that the method used for EV labelling influences the detection of the different types of EV interactions with the recipient cells. Specifically, MG-488, CFSE and mp-sfGFP result in observation suggesting, respectively, transient EV-PM interaction that results in dye transfer, EV content delivery, and capture of intact EVs. Consequently, the type of EV labelling method has to be considered as they can provide complementary information on various types of EV-cell interaction and EV fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Loconte
- Institut Curie, PSL UniversityInserm U932Immunity and CancerParisFrance
- Istituto Pasteur Italia‐Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza’ University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Davinia Arguedas
- Institut Curie, PSL UniversityInserm U932Immunity and CancerParisFrance
| | - Rojbin El
- Institut Curie, PSL UniversityInserm U932Immunity and CancerParisFrance
| | - Alix Zhou
- Institut Curie, PSL UniversityInserm U932Immunity and CancerParisFrance
- Institut Curie centre de rechercheCurieCoretech Extracellular VesiclesParisFrance
| | - Anna Chipont
- Institut Curie centre de rechercheCurieCoretech Cytometry PlatformParisFrance
| | - Lea Guyonnet
- Institut Curie centre de rechercheCurieCoretech Cytometry PlatformParisFrance
| | - Coralie Guerin
- Institut Curie centre de rechercheCurieCoretech Extracellular VesiclesParisFrance
- Institut Curie centre de rechercheCurieCoretech Cytometry PlatformParisFrance
| | - Ester Piovesana
- Institut Curie, PSL UniversityInserm U932Immunity and CancerParisFrance
| | - José Luis Vázquez‐Ibar
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Alain Joliot
- Institut Curie, PSL UniversityInserm U932Immunity and CancerParisFrance
| | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, PSL UniversityInserm U932Immunity and CancerParisFrance
- Institut Curie centre de rechercheCurieCoretech Extracellular VesiclesParisFrance
| | - Lorena Martín‐Jaular
- Institut Curie, PSL UniversityInserm U932Immunity and CancerParisFrance
- Institut Curie centre de rechercheCurieCoretech Extracellular VesiclesParisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rodriguez BV, Wen Y, Shirk EN, Vazquez S, Gololobova O, Maxwell A, Plunkard J, Castell N, Carlson B, Queen SE, Izzi JM, Driedonks TAP, Witwer KW. An ex vivo model of interactions between extracellular vesicles and peripheral mononuclear blood cells in whole blood. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12368. [PMID: 38047476 PMCID: PMC10694845 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be loaded with therapeutic cargo and engineered for retention by specific body sites; therefore, they have great potential for targeted delivery of biomolecules to treat diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of EVs in large animals remain relatively unknown, especially in primates. We recently reported that when cell culture-derived EVs are administered intravenously to Macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaques), they differentially associate with specific subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). More than 60% of CD20+ B cells were observed to associate with EVs for up to 1 h post-intravenous administration. To investigate these associations further, we developed an ex vivo model of whole blood collected from healthy pig-tailed macaques. Using this ex vivo system, we found that labelled EVs preferentially associate with B cells in whole blood at levels similar to those detected in vivo. This study demonstrates that ex vivo blood can be used to study EV-blood cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca V. Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Erin N. Shirk
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Samuel Vazquez
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Olesia Gololobova
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Amanda Maxwell
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jessica Plunkard
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Natalie Castell
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Bess Carlson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Suzanne E. Queen
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jessica M. Izzi
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Tom A. P. Driedonks
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- University Medical CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Honda A, Nozumi M, Ito Y, Natsume R, Kawasaki A, Nakatsu F, Abe M, Uchino H, Matsushita N, Ikeda K, Arita M, Sakimura K, Igarashi M. Very-long-chain fatty acids are crucial to neuronal polarity by providing sphingolipids to lipid rafts. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113195. [PMID: 37816355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids have long been considered essential to brain development; however, the involvement of their synthesis in nervous system formation is unclear. We generate mice with knockout of GPSN2, an enzyme for synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and investigate the effects. Both GPSN2-/- and GPSN2+/- mice show abnormal neuronal networks as a result of impaired neuronal polarity determination. Lipidomics of GPSN2-/- embryos reveal that ceramide synthesis is specifically inhibited depending on FA length; namely, VLCFA-containing ceramide is reduced. We demonstrate that lipid rafts are highly enriched in growth cones and that GPSN2+/- neurons lose gangliosides in their membranes. Application of C24:0 ceramide, but not C16:0 ceramide or C24:0 phosphatidylcholine, to GPSN2+/- neurons rescues both neuronal polarity determination and lipid-raft density in the growth cone. Taken together, our results indicate that VLCFA synthesis contributes to physiological neuronal development in brain network formation, in particular neuronal polarity determination through the formation of lipid rafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Honda
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Center for Research Promotion, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nozumi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ito
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Asami Kawasaki
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Fubito Nakatsu
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Haruki Uchino
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Natsuki Matsushita
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu SQ, Sie ZY, Hsu JI, Tan KT. Small Plasma Membrane-Targeted Fluorescent Dye for Long-Time Imaging and Protein Degradation Analyses. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15549-15555. [PMID: 37816133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM)-targeted fluorescent dyes have become an important tool to visualize morphological and dynamic changes in the cell membrane. However, most of these PM dyes are either too large and thus might potentially perturb the membrane and affect its functions or exhibit a short retention time on the cell membrane. The rapid internalization problem is particularly severe for PM dyes based on cationic and neutral hydrophobic fluorescent dyes, which can be easily transported into the cells by transmembrane potential and passive diffusion mechanisms. In this paper, we report a small but highly specific PM fluorescent dye, PM-1, which exhibits a very long retention time on the plasma membrane with a half-life of approximately 15 h. For biological applications, we demonstrated that PM-1 can be used in combination with protein labeling probes to study ectodomain shedding and endocytosis processes of cell surface proteins and successfully demonstrated that native transmembrane human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCAIX) is degraded via the ectodomain shedding mechanism. In contrast, hCAIX undergoes endocytic degradation in the presence of sheddase inhibitors. We believe that PM-1 can be a versatile tool to provide detailed insights into the dynamic processes of the cell surface proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Qiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Zong-Yan Sie
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jung-I Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Samanta S, Lai K, Wu F, Liu Y, Cai S, Yang X, Qu J, Yang Z. Xanthene, cyanine, oxazine and BODIPY: the four pillars of the fluorophore empire for super-resolution bioimaging. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7197-7261. [PMID: 37743716 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00905f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In the realm of biological research, the invention of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has enabled the visualization of ultrafine sub-cellular structures and their functions in live cells at the nano-scale level, beyond the diffraction limit, which has opened up a new window for advanced biomedical studies to unravel the complex unknown details of physiological disorders at the sub-cellular level with unprecedented resolution and clarity. However, most of the SRM techniques are highly reliant on the personalized special photophysical features of the fluorophores. In recent times, there has been an unprecedented surge in the development of robust new fluorophore systems with personalized features for various super-resolution imaging techniques. To date, xanthene, cyanine, oxazine and BODIPY cores have been authoritatively utilized as the basic fluorophore units in most of the small-molecule-based organic fluorescent probe designing strategies for SRM owing to their excellent photophysical characteristics and easy synthetic acquiescence. Since the future of next-generation SRM studies will be decided by the availability of advanced fluorescent probes and these four fluorescent building blocks will play an important role in progressive new fluorophore design, there is an urgent need to review the recent advancements in designing fluorophores for different SRM methods based on these fluorescent dye cores. This review article not only includes a comprehensive discussion about the recent developments in designing fluorescent probes for various SRM techniques based on these four important fluorophore building blocks with special emphasis on their effective integration into live cell super-resolution bio-imaging applications but also critically evaluates the background of each of the fluorescent dye cores to highlight their merits and demerits towards developing newer fluorescent probes for SRM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soham Samanta
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Kaitao Lai
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Feihu Wu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Songtao Cai
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xusan Yang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tagore M, Hergenreder E, Perlee SC, Cruz NM, Menocal L, Suresh S, Chan E, Baron M, Melendez S, Dave A, Chatila WK, Nsengimana J, Koche RP, Hollmann TJ, Ideker T, Studer L, Schietinger A, White RM. GABA Regulates Electrical Activity and Tumor Initiation in Melanoma. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2270-2291. [PMID: 37553760 PMCID: PMC10551668 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenes can initiate tumors only in certain cellular contexts, which is referred to as oncogenic competence. In melanoma, whether cells in the microenvironment can endow such competence remains unclear. Using a combination of zebrafish transgenesis coupled with human tissues, we demonstrate that GABAergic signaling between keratinocytes and melanocytes promotes melanoma initiation by BRAFV600E. GABA is synthesized in melanoma cells, which then acts on GABA-A receptors in keratinocytes. Electron microscopy demonstrates specialized cell-cell junctions between keratinocytes and melanoma cells, and multielectrode array analysis shows that GABA acts to inhibit electrical activity in melanoma/keratinocyte cocultures. Genetic and pharmacologic perturbation of GABA synthesis abrogates melanoma initiation in vivo. These data suggest that GABAergic signaling across the skin microenvironment regulates the ability of oncogenes to initiate melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows evidence of GABA-mediated regulation of electrical activity between melanoma cells and keratinocytes, providing a new mechanism by which the microenvironment promotes tumor initiation. This provides insights into the role of the skin microenvironment in early melanomas while identifying GABA as a potential therapeutic target in melanoma. See related commentary by Ceol, p. 2128. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2109.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohita Tagore
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emiliano Hergenreder
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Sarah C. Perlee
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nelly M. Cruz
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Laura Menocal
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Shruthy Suresh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric Chan
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maayan Baron
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephanie Melendez
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Asim Dave
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Walid K. Chatila
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeremie Nsengimana
- Biostatistics Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Travis J. Hollmann
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Trey Ideker
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Schietinger
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard M. White
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Musicò A, Zenatelli R, Romano M, Zendrini A, Alacqua S, Tassoni S, Paolini L, Urbinati C, Rusnati M, Bergese P, Pomarico G, Radeghieri A. Surface functionalization of extracellular vesicle nanoparticles with antibodies: a first study on the protein corona "variable". NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4703-4717. [PMID: 37705771 PMCID: PMC10496878 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
To be profitably exploited in medicine, nanosized systems must be endowed with biocompatibility, targeting capability, the ability to evade the immune system, and resistance to clearance. Currently, biogenic nanoparticles, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), are intensively investigated as the platform that naturally recapitulates these highly needed characteristics. EV native targeting properties and pharmacokinetics can be further augmented by decorating the EV surface with specific target ligands as antibodies. However, to date, studies dealing with the functionalization of the EV surface with proteins have never considered the protein corona "variable", namely the fact that extrinsic proteins may spontaneously adsorb on the EV surface, contributing to determine the surface, and in turn the biological identity of the EV. In this work, we explore and compare the two edge cases of EVs modified with the antibody Cetuximab (CTX) by chemisorption of CTX (through covalent binding via biorthogonal click-chemistry) and by formation of a physisorbed CTX corona. The results indicate that (i) no differences exist between the two formulations in terms of binding affinity imparted by molecular recognition of CTX versus its natural binding partner (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR), but (ii) significant differences emerge at the cellular level, where CTX-EVs prepared by click chemistry display superior binding and uptake toward target cells, very likely due to the higher robustness of the CTX anchorage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Musicò
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Rossella Zenatelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Miriam Romano
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Silvia Alacqua
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Selene Tassoni
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Lucia Paolini
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Chiara Urbinati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
- National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs Based on RNA Technology - CN3 Padova Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pomarico
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science 50019 Florence Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bao C, Xiang H, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Gao Q, Huang F, Mao L. A Review of Labeling Approaches Used in Small Extracellular Vesicles Tracing and Imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4567-4588. [PMID: 37588627 PMCID: PMC10426735 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s416131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from the endosomal compartment, are a kind of lipid bilayer vesicles released by almost all types of cells, serving as natural carriers of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids for intercellular communication and transfer of bioactive molecules. The current findings suggest their vital role in physiological and pathological processes. Various sEVs labeling techniques have been developed for the more advanced study of the function, mode of action, bio-distribution, and related information of sEVs. In this review, we summarize the existing and emerging sEVs labeling techniques, including fluorescent labeling, radioisotope labeling, nanoparticle labeling, chemical contrast agents labeling, and label-free technique. These approaches will pave the way for an in-depth study of sEVs. We present a systematic and comprehensive review of the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of these techniques, to help promote applications of these labeling approaches in future research on sEVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huayuan Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoqiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxue Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sternstein C, Böhm TM, Fink J, Meyr J, Lüdemann M, Krug M, Kriukov K, Gurdap CO, Sezgin E, Ebert R, Seibel J. Development of an Effective Functional Lipid Anchor for Membranes (FLAME) for the Bioorthogonal Modification of the Lipid Bilayer of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1221-1233. [PMID: 37328799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation of cellular membranes is crucial for the survival and communication of cells. As our target is the engineering of the glycocalyx, we designed a functionalized lipid anchor for the introduction into cellular membranes called Functional Lipid Anchor for MEmbranes (FLAME). Since cholesterol incorporates very effectively into membranes, we developed a twice cholesterol-substituted anchor in a total synthesis by applying protecting group chemistry. We labeled the compound with a fluorescent dye, which allows cell visualization. FLAME was successfully incorporated in the membranes of living human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC), acting as a temporary, nontoxic marker. The availability of an azido function─a bioorthogonal reacting group within the compound─enables the convenient coupling of alkyne-functionalized molecules, such as fluorophores or saccharides. After the incorporation of FLAME into the plasma membrane of living hMSC, we were able to successfully couple our molecule with an alkyne-tagged fluorophore via click reaction. This suggests that FLAME is useful for the modification of the membrane surface. Coupling FLAME with a galactosamine derivative yielded FLAME-GalNAc, which was incorporated into U2OS cells as well as in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs). With this, we have shown that FLAME-GalNAc is a useful tool for studying the partitioning in the liquid-ordered (Lo) and the liquid-disordered (Ld) phases. The molecular tool can also be used to analyze the diffusion behavior in the model and the cell membranes by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sternstein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa-Maria Böhm
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Meyr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lüdemann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Krug
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kirill Kriukov
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cenk O Gurdap
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Regina Ebert
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
A wide range of biomaterials and engineered cell surfaces are composed of bioconjugates embedded in liposome membranes, surface-immobilized bilayers, or the plasma membranes of living cells. This review article summarizes the various ways that Nature anchors integral and peripheral proteins in a cell membrane and describes the strategies devised by chemical biologists to label a membrane protein in living cells. Also discussed are modern synthetic and semisynthetic methods to produce lipidated proteins. Subsequent sections describe methods to anchor a three-component synthetic construct that is composed of a lipophilic membrane anchor, hydrophilic linker, and exposed functional component. The surface exposed payload can be a fluorophore, aptamer, oligonucleotide, polypeptide, peptide nucleic acid, polysaccharide, branched dendrimer, or linear polymer. Hydrocarbon chains are commonly used as the membrane anchor, and a general experimental trend is that a two chain lipid anchor has higher membrane affinity than a cholesteryl or single chain lipid anchor. Amphiphilic fluorescent dyes are effective molecular probes for cell membrane imaging and a zwitterionic linker between the fluorophore and the lipid anchor promotes high persistence in the plasma membrane of living cells. A relatively new advance is the development of switchable membrane anchors as molecular tools for fundamental studies or as technology platforms for applied biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rananjaya S Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jordan L Chasteen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
He Y, Xing Y, Jiang T, Wang J, Sang S, Rong H, Yu F. Fluorescence labeling of extracellular vesicles for diverse bio-applications in vitro and in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6609-6626. [PMID: 37161668 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00998j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles enclosed in a lipid membrane that are sustainably released by nearly all cell types. EVs have been deemed as valuable biomarkers for diagnostics and effective drug carriers, owing to the physiological function of transporting biomolecules for intercellular communication. To investigate their biological properties, efficient labeling strategies have been constructed for EV research, among which fluorescence labeling exerts a powerful function due to the capability of visualizing the nanovesicles with high sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. In one aspect, with the help of functional fluorescence tags, EVs could be differentiated and categorized in vitro by various analytical techniques, which exert vital roles in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Additionally, innovative EV reporters have been utilized for visualizing EVs, in combination with powerful microscopy techniques, which provide potential tools for investigating the dynamic events of EV release and intercellular communication in suitable animal models. In this feature article, we survey the latest advances regarding EV fluorescence labeling strategies and their application in biomedical application and in vivo biology investigation, highlighting the progresses in individual EV imaging. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in unravelling EV physiological properties and further biomedical application are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun He
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Yanlong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Shenggang Sang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Hong Rong
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jung SR, Kim J, Vojtech L, Vaughan JC, Chiu DT. Error-Correction Method for High-Throughput Sizing of Nanoscale Vesicles with Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2701-2707. [PMID: 36944080 PMCID: PMC10224584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c09053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) allows super-resolution imaging, mapping, counting, and sizing of biological nanostructures such as cell organelles and extracellular vesicles (EVs), but sizing structures smaller than ∼100 nm can be inaccurate due to single-molecule localization error caused by distortion of the point spread function and limited photon number. Here we demonstrate a method to correct localization error when sizing vesicles and other spherical nanoparticles with SMLM and compare sizing results using two vesicle labeling schemes. We use mean approximation theory to derive a simple equation using full width at half-maximum (FWHM) for correcting particle sizes measured by two-dimensional SMLM, validate the method by sizing streptavidin-coated polystyrene nanobeads with the SMLM technique dSTORM with and without error correction, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for comparison, and then apply the method to sizing small seminal EVs. Nanobead sizes measured by dSTORM became increasingly less accurate (larger than TEM values) for beads smaller than 50 nm. The error-correction method reduced the size difference versus TEM from 15% without error correction to 7% with error correction for 40 nm beads, from 44% to 9% for 30 nm beads, and from 66% to 15% for 20 nm beads. Seminal EVs were labeled with a lipophilic membrane dye (MemBright 700) and with an Alexa Fluor 488-anti-CD63 antibody conjugate, and were sized separately using both dyes by dSTORM. Error-corrected exosome diameters were smaller than uncorrected values: 72 nm vs 79 nm mean diameter with membrane dyes; 84 nm vs 97 nm with the antibody-conjugated dyes. The mean error-corrected diameter was 12 nm smaller when using the membrane dye than when using the antibody-conjugated dye likely due to the large size of the antibody. Thus, both the error-correction method and the compact membrane labeling scheme reduce overestimation of vesicle size by SMLM. This error-correction method has a low computational cost as it does not require correction of individual blinking events, and it is compatible with all SMLM techniques (e.g., PALM, STORM, and DNA-PAINT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ryoung Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lucia Vojtech
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology,University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joshua C. Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Serrano-Buitrago S, Muñoz-Úbeda M, Almendro-Vedia VG, Sánchez-Camacho J, Maroto BL, Moreno F, Bañuelos J, García-Moreno I, López-Montero I, de la Moya S. Polar ammoniostyryls easily converting a clickable lipophilic BODIPY in an advanced plasma membrane probe. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2108-2114. [PMID: 36808432 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A very simple, small and symmetric, but highly bright, photostable and functionalizable molecular probe for plasma membrane (PM) has been developed from an accessible, lipophilic and clickable organic dye based on BODIPY. To this aim, two lateral polar ammoniostyryl groups were easily linked to increase the amphiphilicity of the probe and thus its lipid membrane partitioning. Compared to the BODIPY precursor, the transversal diffusion across lipid bilayers of the ammoniostyryled BODIPY probe was highly reduced, as evidenced by fluorescence confocal microscopy on model membranes built up as giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Moreover, the ammoniostyryl groups endow the new BODIPY probe with the ability to optically work (excitation and emission) in the bioimaging-useful red region, as shown by staining of the plasma membrane of living mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Upon incubation, this fluorescent probe rapidly entered the cell through the endosomal pathway. By blocking the endocytic trafficking at 4 °C, the probe was confined within the PM of MEFs. Our experiments show the developed ammoniostyrylated BODIPY as a suitable PM fluorescent probe, and confirm the synthetic approach for advancing PM probes, imaging and science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Serrano-Buitrago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Úbeda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor G Almendro-Vedia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sánchez-Camacho
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz L Maroto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Florencio Moreno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Inmaculada García-Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, C.S.I.C., 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Antoniou A, Auderset L, Kaurani L, Sebastian E, Zeng Y, Allahham M, Cases-Cunillera S, Schoch S, Gründemann J, Fischer A, Schneider A. Neuronal extracellular vesicles and associated microRNAs induce circuit connectivity downstream BDNF. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112063. [PMID: 36753414 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as mediators of cellular communication, in part via the delivery of associated microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. We show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates the sorting of miR-132-5p, miR-218-5p, and miR-690 in neuron-derived EVs. BDNF-induced EVs in turn increase excitatory synapse formation in recipient hippocampal neurons, which is dependent on the inter-neuronal delivery of these miRNAs. Transcriptomic analysis further indicates the differential expression of developmental and synaptogenesis-related genes by BDNF-induced EVs, many of which are predicted targets of miR-132-5p, miR-218-5p, and miR-690. Furthermore, BDNF-induced EVs up-regulate synaptic vesicle (SV) clustering in a transmissible manner, thereby increasing synaptic transmission and synchronous neuronal activity. As BDNF and EV-miRNAs miR-218 and miR-132 were previously implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression, our results contribute to a better understanding of disorders characterized by aberrant neural circuit connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Antoniou
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Loic Auderset
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lalit Kaurani
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva Sebastian
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuzhou Zeng
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Allahham
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Silvia Cases-Cunillera
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Gründemann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andre Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ohira K, Sato Y, Nishizawa S. Self-Assembly and Disassembly of Membrane Curvature-Sensing Peptide-Based Deep-Red Fluorescent Probe for Highly Sensitive Sensing of Exosomes. ACS Sens 2023; 8:522-526. [PMID: 36695520 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
With increasing knowledge of the diverse roles of exosomes in biological processes, much attention has been paid to the development of analytical methods for exosome analysis. Here, we developed a new class of amphipathic helical (AH) peptide-based fluorescent probes for highly sensitive detection of exosomes in a mix and read manner. Membrane curvature-sensing AH peptide (ApoC) was coupled with lipophilic tail (C12)-carrying thiazole red (TR) for construction of a self-assembly/disassembly based fluorescence "off-on" sensing system for target exosomes. ApoC-TRC12 has extremely weak emission due to the formation of the aggregates, whereas it becomes emissive in response to the target exosomes through the binding-induced disassembly of ApoC-TRC12. We demonstrated that the C12 unit attached to the TR unit had a favorable effect on both fluorescence response (signal-to-background: S/B) and binding affinity. ApoC-TRC12 was applicable to rapid and simple detection of exosomes with high detection sensitivity (limit of detection ≈ 103 particles/μL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Ohira
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nishizawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rzewnicka A, Krysiak J, Pawłowska R, Żurawiński R. Red-Emitting Dithienothiophene S, S-Dioxide Dyes for Cellular Membrane Staining. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16051806. [PMID: 36902920 PMCID: PMC10003865 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of dithienothiophene S,S-dioxide (DTTDO) dyes was designed, synthesized, and investigated for their suitability in fluorescent cell imaging. Synthetized (D-π-A-π-D)-type DTTDO derivatives have molecule lengths close to the thickness of the phospholipid membrane, and they contain on both ends two positively charged or neutral polar groups to increase their solubility in water and to ensure simultaneous interaction with polar groups of the inner and outer part of the cellular membrane. DTTDO derivatives exhibit absorbance and emission maxima in the 517-538 nm and 622-694 nm range, respectively, and a large Stokes shift up to 174 nm. Fluorescence microscopy experiments revealed that these compounds selectively intercalate into cell membranes. Moreover, a cytotoxicity assay conducted on a model human live cells indicates low toxicity of these compounds at the concentrations required for effective staining. With suitable optical properties, low cytotoxicity, and high selectivity against cellular structures, DTTDO derivatives are proven to be attractive dyes for fluorescence-based bioimaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Rzewnicka
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Krysiak
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Róża Pawłowska
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Żurawiński
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xu S, Pan W, Song ZL, Yuan L. Molecular Engineering of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes for Cell Membrane Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:1906. [PMID: 36838896 PMCID: PMC9960866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane (CM) is a phospholipid bilayer that maintains integrity of a whole cell and relates to many physiological and pathological processes. Developing CM imaging tools is a feasible method for visualizing membrane-related events. In recent decades, small-molecular fluorescent probes in the near-infrared (NIR) region have been pursued extensively for CM staining to investigate its functions and related events. In this review, we summarize development of such probes from the aspect of design principles, CM-targeting mechanisms and biological applications. Moreover, at the end of this review, the challenges and future research directions in designing NIR CM-targeting probes are discussed. This review indicates that more efforts are required to design activatable NIR CM-targeting probes, easily prepared and biocompatible probes with long retention time regarding CM, super-resolution imaging probes for monitoring CM nanoscale organization and multifunctional probes with imaging and phototherapy effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Welsh JA, Arkesteijn GJA, Bremer M, Cimorelli M, Dignat-George F, Giebel B, Görgens A, Hendrix A, Kuiper M, Lacroix R, Lannigan J, van Leeuwen TG, Lozano-Andrés E, Rao S, Robert S, de Rond L, Tang VA, Tertel T, Yan X, Wauben MHM, Nolan JP, Jones JC, Nieuwland R, van der Pol E. A compendium of single extracellular vesicle flow cytometry. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12299. [PMID: 36759917 PMCID: PMC9911638 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) offers a multiparametric technology capable of characterizing single extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, most flow cytometers are designed to detect cells, which are larger than EVs. Whereas cells exceed the background noise, signals originating from EVs partly overlap with the background noise, thereby making EVs more difficult to detect than cells. This technical mismatch together with complexity of EV-containing fluids causes limitations and challenges with conducting, interpreting and reproducing EV FCM experiments. To address and overcome these challenges, researchers from the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC), and the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) joined forces and initiated the EV FCM working group. To improve the interpretation, reporting, and reproducibility of future EV FCM data, the EV FCM working group published an ISEV position manuscript outlining a framework of minimum information that should be reported about an FCM experiment on single EVs (MIFlowCyt-EV). However, the framework contains limited background information. Therefore, the goal of this compendium is to provide the background information necessary to design and conduct reproducible EV FCM experiments. This compendium contains background information on EVs, the interaction between light and EVs, FCM hardware, experimental design and preanalytical procedures, sample preparation, assay controls, instrument data acquisition and calibration, EV characterization, and data reporting. Although this compendium focuses on EVs, many concepts and explanations could also be applied to FCM detection of other particles within the EV size range, such as bacteria, lipoprotein particles, milk fat globules, and viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ger J A Arkesteijn
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Bremer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Cimorelli
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Clinical Research Center, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Ltd, Oxford, UK
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine Kuiper
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Metrology Institute, VSL, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Joanne Lannigan
- Flow Cytometry Support Services, LLC, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Andrés
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shoaib Rao
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Leonie de Rond
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera A Tang
- Flow Cytometry & Virometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John P Nolan
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, USA
- Cellarcus Biosciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Saladin L, Breton V, Dal Pra O, Klymchenko AS, Danglot L, Didier P, Collot M. Dual-Color Photoconvertible Fluorescent Probes Based on Directed Photooxidation Induced Conversion for Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215085. [PMID: 36420823 PMCID: PMC10107923 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We herein present a new concept to produce dual-color photoconvertible probes based on a mechanism called Directed Photooxidation Induced Conversion (DPIC). As a support of this mechanism, styryl-coumarins (SCs) bearing Aromatic Singlet Oxygen Reactive Moieties (ASORMs) like furan and pyrrole have been synthesized. SCs are bright fluorophores, which undergo a hypsochromic conversion upon visible light irradiation due to directed photooxidation of the ASORM that leads to the disruption of conjugation. SC-P, a yellow emitting probe bearing a pyrrole moiety, converts to a stable blue emitting coumarin with a 68 nm shift allowing the photoconversion and tracking of lipid droplet in live cells. This new approach might pave the way to a new generation of photoconvertible dyes for advanced bioimaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lazare Saladin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Victor Breton
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Université Paris Cité, 102 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ophélie Dal Pra
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Université Paris Cité, 102 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Sientific director of NeurImag facility, Université Paris Cité, 102 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Didier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhou C, Cox-Vázquez SJ, Chia GW, Vázquez RJ, Lai HY, Chan SJ, Limwongyut J, Bazan GC. Water-soluble extracellular vesicle probes based on conjugated oligoelectrolytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2996. [PMID: 36630497 PMCID: PMC9833659 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We developed a series of transmembrane conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) with tunable optical emissions from the UV to the near IR to address the false-positive problem when detecting nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) by flow cytometry. The amphiphilic molecular framework of COEs is defined by a linear conjugated structure and cationic charged groups at each terminal site. Consequently, COEs have excellent water solubility and the absence of nanoaggregates at concentrations up to 50 μM, and unbound COE dyes can be readily removed through ultrafiltration. These properties enable unambiguous and simple detection of COE-labeled small EVs using flow cytometry with negligible background signals. We also demonstrated the time-lapsed tracking of small EV uptake into mammalian cells and the endogenous small EV labeling using COEs. Briefly, COEs provide a class of membrane-targeting dyes that behave as biomimetics of the lipid bilayer and a general and practical labeling strategy for nanosized EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Sarah J. Cox-Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Geraldine W. N. Chia
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ricardo Javier Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Hui Ying Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Samuel J. W. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jakkarin Limwongyut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Quantifying membrane binding and diffusion with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy diffusion laws. Biophys J 2023:S0006-3495(23)00006-1. [PMID: 36632034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many transient processes in cells arise from the binding of cytosolic proteins to membranes. Quantifying this membrane binding and its associated diffusion in the living cell is therefore of primary importance. Dynamic photonic microscopies, e.g., single/multiple particle tracking, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), enable non-invasive measurement of molecular mobility in living cells and their plasma membranes. However, FCS with a single beam waist is of limited applicability with complex, non-Brownian, motions. Recently, the development of FCS diffusion laws methods has given access to the characterization of these complex motions, although none of them is applicable to the membrane binding case at the moment. In this study, we combined computer simulations and FCS experiments to propose an FCS diffusion law for membrane binding. First, we generated computer simulations of spot-variation FCS (svFCS) measurements for a membrane binding process combined to 2D and 3D diffusion at the membrane and in the bulk/cytosol, respectively. Then, using these simulations as a learning set, we derived an empirical diffusion law with three free parameters: the apparent binding constant KD, the diffusion coefficient on the membrane D2D, and the diffusion coefficient in the cytosol, D3D. Finally, we monitored, using svFCS, the dynamics of retroviral Gag proteins and associated mutants during their binding to supported lipid bilayers of different lipid composition or at plasma membranes of living cells, and we quantified KD and D2D in these conditions using our empirical diffusion law. Based on these experiments and numerical simulations, we conclude that this new approach enables correct estimation of membrane partitioning and membrane diffusion properties (KD and D2D) for peripheral membrane molecules.
Collapse
|
48
|
Gargiulo E, Viry E, Morande PE, Largeot A, Gonder S, Xian F, Ioannou N, Benzarti M, Kleine Borgmann FB, Mittelbronn M, Dittmar G, Nazarov PV, Meiser J, Stamatopoulos B, Ramsay AG, Moussay E, Paggetti J. Extracellular Vesicle Secretion by Leukemia Cells In Vivo Promotes CLL Progression by Hampering Antitumor T-cell Responses. Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:54-77. [PMID: 36108149 PMCID: PMC9816815 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicle (sEV, or exosome) communication among cells in the tumor microenvironment has been modeled mainly in cell culture, whereas their relevance in cancer pathogenesis and progression in vivo is less characterized. Here we investigated cancer-microenvironment interactions in vivo using mouse models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). sEVs isolated directly from CLL tissue were enriched in specific miRNA and immune-checkpoint ligands. Distinct molecular components of tumor-derived sEVs altered CD8+ T-cell transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, leading to decreased functions and cell exhaustion ex vivo and in vivo. Using antagomiRs and blocking antibodies, we defined specific cargo-mediated alterations on CD8+ T cells. Abrogating sEV biogenesis by Rab27a/b knockout dramatically delayed CLL pathogenesis. This phenotype was rescued by exogenous leukemic sEV or CD8+ T-cell depletion. Finally, high expression of sEV-related genes correlated with poor outcomes in CLL patients, suggesting sEV profiling as a prognostic tool. In conclusion, sEVs shape the immune microenvironment during CLL progression. SIGNIFICANCE sEVs produced in the leukemia microenvironment impair CD8+ T-cell mediated antitumor immune response and are indispensable for leukemia progression in vivo in murine preclinical models. In addition, high expression of sEV-related genes correlated with poor survival and unfavorable clinical parameters in CLL patients. See related commentary by Zhong and Guo, p. 5. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Gargiulo
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Elodie Viry
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Pablo Elías Morande
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anne Largeot
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Susanne Gonder
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Feng Xian
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Nikolaos Ioannou
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohaned Benzarti
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Felix Bruno Kleine Borgmann
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V. Nazarov
- Multiomics Data Science Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alan G. Ramsay
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Corresponding Authors: Jérôme Paggetti, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6, Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, Luxembourg, L-1210, Luxembourg. Phone: 352-26970-344; E-mail: ; and Etienne Moussay. Phone: 352-26970-232; E-mail:
| | - Jérôme Paggetti
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Corresponding Authors: Jérôme Paggetti, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6, Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, Luxembourg, L-1210, Luxembourg. Phone: 352-26970-344; E-mail: ; and Etienne Moussay. Phone: 352-26970-232; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Biomembranes are ubiquitous lipid structures that delimit the cell surface and organelles and operate as platforms for a multitude of biomolecular processes. The development of chemical tools─fluorescent probes─for the sensing and imaging of biomembranes is a rapidly growing research direction, stimulated by a high demand from cell biologists and biophysicists. This Account focuses on advances in these smart molecules, providing a voyage from the cell frontier─plasma membranes (PM)─toward intracellular membrane compartments─organelles. General classification of the membrane probes can be based on targeting principles, sensing profile, and optical response. Probes for PM and organelle membranes are designed based on multiple targeting principles: conjugation with natural lipids or synthetic targeting ligands and in situ cell labeling by bio-orthogonal chemistry, conjugation to protein tags, and receptor-ligand interactions. Thus, to obtain membrane probes targeting PM with selectivity to one leaflet, we designed membrane anchor ligands based on a charged group and an alkyl chain. According to the sensing profile, we define basic membrane markers with constant emission and probes for biophysical and chemical sensing. The markers are built from classical fluorophores, exemplified by a series of bright cyanines and BODIPY dyes bearing the PM anchors (MemBright). Membrane probes for biophysical sensing are based on environment-sensitive fluorophores: (1) polarity-sensitive solvatochromic dyes; (2) viscosity-sensitive fluorescent molecular rotors; (3) mechanosensitive fluorescent flippers; and (4) voltage-sensitive electrochromic dyes. Our solvatochromic probes based on Nile Red (NR12S, NR12A, NR4A), Laurdan (Pro12A), and 3-hydroxyflavone (F2N12S) through polarity-sensing can visualize liquid ordered and disordered phases of lipid membranes, sense lipid order and its heterogeneity in cell PM, detect apoptosis, etc. Chemically sensitive probes, combining a dye, membrane-targeting ligand, and molecular recognition unit, enable the detection of pH, ions, redox species, lipids, and proteins at the biomembrane surface. In terms of the optical response profile, we can identify (1) fluorogenic (turn-on) probes, allowing background-free imaging; (2) ratiometric probes, e.g., solvatochromic probes, which enable ratiometric imaging by changing their emission/excitation color; (3) fluorescence lifetime-responsive probes, e.g., fluorescence molecular rotors and flippers, suitable for fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM); and (4) switchable probes, important for single-molecule localization microscopy. We showed that combining solvatochromic probes with on-off switching through a reversible binding specifically to cell PM enables the mapping of their biophysical properties with superior resolution. While the majority of efforts have been focused on PM, the probes for cellular organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, etc., emerge rapidly. Thus, nontargeted solvatochromic probes can distinguish organelles by the emission color. Targeted solvatochromic probes based on Nile Red revealed unique signatures of polarity and lipid order of individual organelles and their different sensitivities to oxidative or mechanical stress. Lipid droplets, which are membraneless lipidic structures, constitute another interesting organelle target for probing the cell stress. Currently, we stand at the beginning of a long route with big challenges ahead, in particular (1) to achieve superior organelle specificity; (2) to label specific biomembrane leaflets, notably the inner leaflet of PM; (3) to detect lipid organization in a proximity of specific proteins; and (4) to probe biomembranes in tissues and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kikuchi K, Adair LD, Lin J, New EJ, Kaur A. Photochemical Mechanisms of Fluorophores Employed in Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202204745. [PMID: 36177530 PMCID: PMC10100239 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Decoding cellular processes requires visualization of the spatial distribution and dynamic interactions of biomolecules. It is therefore not surprising that innovations in imaging technologies have facilitated advances in biomedical research. The advent of super-resolution imaging technologies has empowered biomedical researchers with the ability to answer long-standing questions about cellular processes at an entirely new level. Fluorescent probes greatly enhance the specificity and resolution of super-resolution imaging experiments. Here, we introduce key super-resolution imaging technologies, with a brief discussion on single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We evaluate the chemistry and photochemical mechanisms of fluorescent probes employed in SMLM. This Review provides guidance on the identification and adoption of fluorescent probes in single molecule localization microscopy to inspire the design of next-generation fluorescent probes amenable to single-molecule imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kikuchi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 305, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Liam D Adair
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jiarun Lin
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J New
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 305, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|