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Li C, Yao Y, Liu X, Chen H, Li X, Zhao M, Zhao H, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Wang L, Cheng J, Sun H. Integrated metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics analyses reveal co-exposure effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cadmium on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108105. [PMID: 37517176 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are prominent soil contaminants found in industrial sites, and their combined effects on plants are not yet fully understood. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the co-exposure of Cd and PAHs and identify key biomarkers for their co-effects, an integrated analysis of metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics was conducted on ryegrass leaves cultivated in soil. In nontarget metabolomics analysis, nine differentially expressed metabolites that were specifically induced by the compound exposure were identified. When combined with the analysis of differentially expressed genes and proteins, it was determined that the major pathways involved in the response to the co-stress of Cd and PAHs were linoleic acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The upregulation of 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid and the downregulation of sinapyl alcohol were identified as typical biomarkers, respectively. Compared to scenarios of single exposures, the compound exposure to Cd and PAHs disrupted the oxidation of linoleic acid, leading to alterations in the profiles of linoleate metabolites. Additionally, it intensified hydroxylation, carboxylation, and methylation processes, and interfered with reactions involving coenzyme A, thus inhibiting lignin production. As a result, oxidative stress was elevated, and the cell wall defense system in ryegrass was weakened. The findings of this study highlight the ecological risks associated with unique biological responses in plants co-exposed to Cd and PAHs in polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Maosen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiemin Cheng
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Futughe AE, Jones H, Purchase D. A novel technology of solarization and phytoremediation enhanced with biosurfactant for the sustainable treatment of PAH-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3847-3863. [PMID: 36593376 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon-contaminated land has been a significant issue throughout Nigeria's Niger Delta since the discovery of crude oil in 1956. This paper proposes a novel and sustainable technique involving soil solarization, phytoremediation and biosurfactant to treat polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination. The treatment effect on PAH reduction, plant growth, rhizosphere microorganisms and their enzymatic activities was evaluated. Twenty-eight days of solarization was carried out before the introduction of Chromolaena odorata seedlings for an 84-day phytoremediation period using a 4 × 4 (vegetated) and 2 × 4 (non-vegetated) cell microcosms to simulate the Niger Delta's subtropical conditions. Soil solarization resulted in significant PAH reduction (p ≤ 0.01) of phenanthrene, fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene with means reduction of 60.0%, 38.7% and 36.1% compared to their non-solarized counterparts with 18.0%, 18.0% and 18.8% at 95% CI (32.7, 51.3), (15.4, 26.1) and (8.0, 26.6), respectively. In post-solarization, all solarized and vegetated treatment groups significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.01) PAHs compared to their respective counterparts, while biosurfactant contribution in this combination was negligible (p ≥ 0.05). The growth parameters of C. odorata, total soil/rhizosphere heterotrophic microorganisms and their enzymatic activities of dehydrogenase and urease increased in all solarized treatments indicating essential biochemical processes. The novel and successful integration of soil solarization and phytoremediation using indigenous C. odorata as a combined technique to treat even the most recalcitrant form of hydrocarbons (PAHs) brings up new opportunities for a sustainable method of cleaning up contaminated land in Nigeria's oil-rich Niger Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Esimajemite Futughe
- Eco-Remediation Technologies & Consultants Ltd., Beech Hill Court, 240-242 Dunstable Road, Luton, LU4 8JL, UK
- Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK
- Advanced Bacterial Sciences Limited, Third Floor Crown House, 151 High Road, Loughton Essex, IG10 4LG, UK
| | - Huw Jones
- Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Diane Purchase
- Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK.
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Lu YT, Zhang Y, Xiang XX, Zhang SC, Yao H. Combined pollution of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil in Shenfu Region, China: a case of three different cities. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:167. [PMID: 36449123 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenging issue to investigate the combined pollution of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of these two pollutants in soils in Shenyang, Fushun, and Fushun New District, to analyze their distribution, their interaction, and co-contamination levels. The concentrations of heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), while the concentrations of 21 kinds of PAH were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the analysis of pollution concentrations and distribution patterns, the intrinsic links between heavy metals and PAHs in three different cities were assessed using a variety of multivariate analysis methods. Compared to Shenfu New District, the concentration of pollutants in Shenyang and Fushun shows a higher level. Moreover, the results of redundancy analysis (RDA) of samples may quantify the possibility of combined pollution of different heavy metal elements and PAHs. This study also affirms the important role of multivariate analysis in being used to reveal the complex interactions and spatial distribution of different pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Tao Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, China
- China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shi-Chao Zhang
- Energy Saving & Environmental Protection &, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Yao
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Review of Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Environmental Quality Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154801. [PMID: 35956751 PMCID: PMC9370042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy is an optical spectroscopic method that has been applied for the assessment of environmental quality extensively during the last 20 years. Most of the earlier works have used conventional light sources in spectrofluorometers to assess quality. Many recent works have used laser sources of light for the same purpose. The improvement of the energy sources and of the higher resolution spectrometers has led to a tremendous increase in applications. The motivation for the present review study is the increasing use of laser sources in environmental applications. The review is divided in two parts. The fundamental principles of fluorescence spectroscopy are described in the first part. The environmental applications are described in the second part.
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Hui K, Kou B, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Xu Q, Tan W. Nitrogen addition increases the ecological and human health risks of PAHs in different fractions of soil in sewage-irrigated area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:151420. [PMID: 34748843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients required by soil and crops. N addition improves soil quality and fertility. However, long-term N addition changes the soil environment, which may affect the adsorption and accumulation of organic pollutants in soil. The adsorption of pollutants by the light fractions (LF) and heavy fractions (HF) of soil, and their resulting risks, might differ. In addition, several organic pollutants, especially PAHs, accumulate in farmland soil under long-term sewage irrigation. However, few studies have examined the response of PAHs to N addition in soil in sewage-irrigated areas, including whether there is a difference in the response of the LF and HF of soil. Here, a long-term experiment was carried out in farmland soils in typical sewage-irrigated areas to reveal the adsorption and accumulation of PAHs in bulk soil, LF, and HF, and the human health and ecological environment risks posed by PAHs under different levels of N addition. Under long-term N addition, the concentration of PAHs in soil increased and fluctuated from 7598 μg kg-1 to 10,414 μg kg-1. Significant differences in the PAHs concentration in the LF (5048 μg kg-1 to 1889 μg kg-1) and HF (2536 μg kg-1 to 8521 μg kg-1) and the human health and ecological risks of soil with N addition in typical sewage-irrigated areas were observed. The HF of soil was characterized by low carcinogenic and ecological risks. The results of our research provide insight into possible management actions that could be taken to enhance the environmental protection and safety of agricultural production activities, such as sustainability fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Hui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bing Kou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yonghai Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuman Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Qigong Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Oubane M, Khadra A, Ezzariai A, Kouisni L, Hafidi M. Heavy metal accumulation and genotoxic effect of long-term wastewater irrigated peri-urban agricultural soils in semiarid climate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148611. [PMID: 34225150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is becoming an alarming issue in the Mediterranean countries. Therefore, using the treated wastewater in the irrigation is considered as a valuable option. However, uncontrolled and long-term irrigation by wastewater leads to human health and environmental damages, mainly related to some specific pollutants. The assessment of the availability and toxicity of the heavy metals after long term irrigation, under semi-arid climate, is not yet well documented. In this study, physicochemical properties, genotoxicity (Vicia faba micronucleus test), total and available (CaCl2-extractable) concentrations of Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co and Cd in eight soils of peri-urban farms irrigated with wastewater were examined to evaluate their accumulation. The results indicated that long-term irrigation with wastewater induced significant increase of electrical conductivity, organic matter, calcium carbonate equivalent and nutrient availability. Total and available concentration of heavy metals were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in irrigated soils by wastewater. The total concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd and Co in irrigated soils by wastewater at 0-40 cm depth were 85.69, 43.94, 34.86, 14.62, 9.94 and 7.17 mg kg-1, respectively. Furthermore, the increase of the available metal fraction in irrigated soils by wastewater at 0-40 cm depth followed the following order: Co (1270.1%) > Cd (914.5%) > Cu (881.5%) > Cr (471.2%) > Pb (230.8%) > Zn (223.8%). The micronucleus assay indicated significant increase of micronucleus frequencies (41.25‰, 35.48‰, 21.66‰, 16.23‰ and 13.62‰ respectively for P1, P2, P3, P4 and P7) which were higher than the negative control (0‰) and the irrigated soil by fresh water (3.29‰). The micronucleus induction was significantly correlated with the high available fraction of Cd, Co and Zn at P1, P2 and P7. The genotoxicity can be a powerful test to assess the ecological effects associated with the interactions of heavy metals with other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Oubane
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Khadra
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Amine Ezzariai
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco; University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Agrobiosciences Department, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Agrobiosciences Department, Benguerir, Morocco.
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Dai Y, Liu R, Zhou Y, Li N, Hou L, Ma Q, Gao B. Fire Phoenix facilitates phytoremediation of PAH-Cd co-contaminated soil through promotion of beneficial rhizosphere bacterial communities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105421. [PMID: 31884414 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted in a growth chamber to evaluate the phytoremediation efficiency and rhizosphere regulation mechanism of Fire Phoenix (a mixture of Festuca L.) in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-cadmium (PAH-Cd) co-contaminated soils. Plant biomass, removal rates of PAHs and Cd, soil enzyme activity, and soil bacterial community were determined. After 150 days of planting, the removal rates of the total 4 PAHs and Cd reached 64.57% and 40.93% in co-contaminated soils with low-PAH (104.79-144.87 mg·kg-1), and 68.29% and 25.40% in co-contaminated soils with high-PAH (169.17-197.44 mg·kg-1), respectively. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity decreased in soils having Fire Phoenix, while the dehydrogenase (DHO) activity increased as the changes of DHO activity had a strong positive correlation with the removal rates of PAHs and Cd in the low-PAH soils (r = 0.862 (P < 0.006) and 0.913 (P < 0.002), respectively). Meanwhile, successional changes in the bacterial communities were detected using high-throughput 454 Gs-FLX pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA, and these changes were especially apparent for the co-contaminated soils with the low PAH concentration. The Fire Phoenix could promote the growth of Mycobacterium, Dokdonella, Gordonia and Kaistobacter, which played important roles in PAHs degradation or Cd dissipation. These results indicated that Fire Phoenix could effectively motivate the soil enzyme and bacterial community and enhance the potential for phytoremediation of PAH-Cd co-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yuemei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liqun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Wang J, Odinga ES, Zhang W, Zhou X, Yang B, Waigi MG, Gao Y. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons in biochars and human health risks of food crops grown in biochar-amended soils: A synthesis study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104899. [PMID: 31203030 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil amendment with biochars is currently being studied worldwide as a sustainable agricultural practice to improve soil and water quality, increase crop productivity, and augment soil carbon storage. However, the formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during biochar production is inevitable. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the risks in food safety and human health of crops grown in biochar-amended soils. This paper performed a synthesis study of PAH concentrations in biochars and estimated the risks of soils amended with biochars, based on refereed articles published between 2012 and 2018. The PAH concentrations in biochars ranged greatly, with the dominant proportion being 2-3 ringed PAHs (40%-71%). Biochar application increased the PAH levels in soils at drastically varying extents (0.02-3574 μg/kg), which led to a broad range of PAH concentrations in food crops grown in biochar-amended soils. A five-step method was then introduced to assess the toxicity of biochar-borne PAHs to human health. The total mean incremental lifetime cancer risk for adults was estimated to range between 2.0 × 10-6-1.9 × 10-5 via direct contact with and ingestion (inhalation) of contaminated soils or consumption of tainted crops. These results indicated that biochar amendment in soils might pose potential risks to food safety and human health, but the overall cancer risks through exposure to biochar-borne PAHs in soils and food crops were low. Higher application rates (e.g. ≥20 t/ha) of biochars with high PAH contents can be avoided to minimize human cancer risks. Although biochar application in arable farmlands has many environmental and agronomic benefits, holistic and systematic approaches are required to fully assess the benefits and risks before their large-scale adoption. PAHs in biochar may be reduced by improving the biochar production process and developing a cost-effective post-manufacturing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Emmanuel Stephen Odinga
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Xian Zhou
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Aganbi E, Iwegbue CMA, Martincigh BS. Concentrations and risks of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in transformer oils and the environment of a power plant in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:933-939. [PMID: 31516844 PMCID: PMC6732707 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soils and water resources around the power plant are contaminated with PCBs. The hepta- and octa-PCB homologues were dominant in the samples. Exposure to PCBs in soils from the power plant could cause human health risk.
The concentrations of Ʃ14 PCBs were determined, with the aid of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), in transformer/turbine oils, soils, groundwater, and drainage water collected within a power plant in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. The Ʃ14 PCB concentrations in the transformer oils, drainage water, groundwater and soils ranged from 484 to 48506 mg kg−1, 0.99 to 2.95 mg L−1, 0.16 to 0.56 mg L−1 and from 8.4 to 510 mg kg−1 respectively. The congener distribution patterns in these samples indicate the dominance of highly chlorinated homologues (hepta- and octa-PCBs). The Σ14 PCB concentrations in the transformer oils were above the provisional definition of low persistent organic pollutant (POP) content for PCBs of 50 mg kg−1 as defined in the guidelines on the management of POP waste of the Basel Convention. The concentrations of Ʃ14 PCBs in the soils were above the Dutch guideline value of 1000 μg kg−1 and the estimated incremental lifetime cancer risks relating to exposure of humans to PCBs in soils indicate serious health risks. There is therefore a need to implement a surveillance programme in the vicinity of power plants to determine the impacts on the adjacent ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eferhire Aganbi
- Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Shen T, Liu L, Li Y, Wang Q, Dai J, Wang R. Long-term effects of untreated wastewater on soil bacterial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:940-950. [PMID: 30067964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For 46 years (1957-2002), irrigation with wastewater has increased the amount of heavy metal and organic contaminants in soils and altered bacterial communities in Shenyang, northeastern China. There has been characterization of the different heavy metal and petroleum contaminants in two types of land uses (cornfields and paddy fields). The Nemerow composite indices of heavy metal contaminants have been higher in cornfields (1.17-4.73) than those in paddy fields (0.57-1.64). Molecular-based techniques and biochemical-based techniques were used to analyze soil microbial diversity in our study. The metabolic activity of soil microbe communities was higher in paddy sites than that in cornfields. Organic pollutants such as saturated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have significantly affected soil bacterial compositions. Heavy metals differed in how they disturbed the microbial communities. Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) shifted the community composition and decreased microbial diversity; copper (Cu) reduced bacterial abundance in soil; and cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) lowered the metabolic capabilities of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuncong Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiulan Dai
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Renqing Wang
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Song M, Jiang L, Zhang D, Luo C, Yin H, Li Y, Zhang G. Identification of biphenyl-metabolising microbes in activated biosludge using cultivation-independent and -dependent approaches. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 353:534-541. [PMID: 29727832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have important roles in removing organic pollutants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), especially in mineralising recalcitrant persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). However, the majority of the microorganisms that metabolise these pollutants in situ remain elusive owing to barriers of traditional techniques in unravel yet-to-be-cultivated microbes. In this study, DNA stable-isotope probing (SIP) coupled with high-throughput sequencing was applied to identify the microbes responsible for PCB degradation in the activated biosludge of a WWTP using 13C-labelled biphenyl (BP). Results of time-course SIP revealed different bacteria and archaea involved in BP metabolism, which dominated the BP-degrading community at different time points. BP degradation by the genera Spartobacteria, Alicyclobacillus, Flavobacterium and the order Cenarchaeales has not been reported previously. The abundance of biphenyl dioxygenase (bphA) genes increased over time and a novel bphA gene was identified from the 13C-heavy DNA fraction. In addition, three cultivable BP degraders were isolated, but did not participate in BP degradation in situ or contain the identified bphA genes. Taken together, these data reveal the huge potential and important roles of yet-to-be-cultivated microbes responsible for PCB degradation in activated biosludge, providing fundamental knowledge on WWTP management to remove POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Song
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Longfei Jiang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Hua Yin
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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12
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Wu B, Guo S, Li X, Wang J. Temporal and spatial variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils from a typical organic sewage irrigation area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:513-520. [PMID: 28923754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the water shortage countries and areas, untreated sewage irrigation led to the extensive organic pollution of farmland soil, which seriously threatened environmental security. In this study, we selected Shenfu irrigation area (SIA) as the study area, and it was the first and largest organic sewage irrigation area in China. We analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in concentrations, risk and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil of the SIA. The results show that the PAH concentrations decreased slowly and environmental risk fluctuated after stopping sewage irrigation. However, the correlation and divergence analysis indicate that PAHs in surface soils might be derived from traffic emissions besides sewage irrigation. Based on factor analysis with non-negative constraints, the contribution of irrigation decreased from 92.9% to 59.4%, and contribution of traffic increased from 7.1% to 40.6%. Thus, the superposition of the residual PAHs from sewage irrigation and the new input PAHs from traffic emission should be considered for the pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Ecology Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, PR China
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13
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Zhang S, Yao H, Lu Y, Yu X, Wang J, Sun S, Liu M, Li D, Li YF, Zhang D. Uptake and translocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals by maize from soil irrigated with wastewater. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12165. [PMID: 28939846 PMCID: PMC5610240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
By investigating the uptake of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and five heavy metals from soils to maize at the farmlands with industrial wastewater irrigation, this study revealed the effects of heavy metals on PAHs uptake in terms of co-contamination. The results of 15 investigated soils showed medium contamination level and the vertical PAHs distribution in soils indicated that 2-3 rings PAHs with low octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow < 4.5) were easier to transport in soils, causing a great potential risk immigrating to the groundwater. The 3-ring PAHs were most likely to be taken up by maize roots whereas 2- and 4-6 ring PAHs had the lower likelihood. The translocation of PAHs in maize tissues has positive relationship with log Kow less than 4.5, while negatively correlated otherwise. Redundancy analysis indicated the unexpected results that, except for soil PAHs concentration, the PAHs translocation by maize was reduced by Pb uptake, but not significantly affected by soil organic matters, pH or the other four heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn). This study for the first time provides the restricted factors of PAHs and heavy metal acropetal translocation by maize when they co-exist at wastewater irrigation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster university, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hong Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Yintao Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster university, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Shaobin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Mingli Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Desheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- IJRC-PTS, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster university, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
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14
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Halfadji A, Touabet A, Portet-Koltalo F, Le Derf F, Merlet-Machour N. Concentrations and Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Agricultural, Urban/Residential, and Industrial Soils, East of Oran (Northwest Algeria). Polycycl Aromat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2017.1326947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Halfadji
- Laboratory of Organic Analysis Functional (LAOF), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
- Laboratory of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Reactivity and Analysis COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, IUT Evreux, University of Rouen-Normandy, Evreux, France
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Applied Science, University Ibn-Khaldoun of Tiaret, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Abdelkrim Touabet
- Laboratory of Organic Analysis Functional (LAOF), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Florence Portet-Koltalo
- Laboratory of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Reactivity and Analysis COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, IUT Evreux, University of Rouen-Normandy, Evreux, France
| | - Frank Le Derf
- Laboratory of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Reactivity and Analysis COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, IUT Evreux, University of Rouen-Normandy, Evreux, France
| | - Nadine Merlet-Machour
- Laboratory of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Reactivity and Analysis COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, IUT Evreux, University of Rouen-Normandy, Evreux, France
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15
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Ledda C, Loreto C, Zammit C, Marconi A, Fago L, Matera S, Costanzo V, Sanzà GF, Palmucci S, Ferrante M, Costa C, Fenga C, Biondi A, Pomara C, Rapisarda V. Non‑infective occupational risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: A review (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:511-533. [PMID: 28000892 PMCID: PMC5364850 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second leading worldwide cause of cancer‑associated mortalities. Hepatocellular carcinoma, which accounts for the majority of liver tumors, ranks fifth among types of human cancer. Well‑established risk factors for liver cancer include the hepatitis B and C viruses, aflatoxins, alcohol consumption, and oral contraceptives. Tobacco smoking, androgenic steroids, and diabetes mellitus are suspected risk factors. Current knowledge regarding non‑infective occupational risk factors for liver cancer is inconclusive. The relevance of liver disorders to occupational medicine lies in the fact that the majority of chemicals are metabolized in the liver, and toxic metabolites generated via metabolism are the predominant cause of liver damage. However, their non‑specific clinical manifestations that are similar in a number of liver diseases make diagnosis difficult. Furthermore, concomitant conditions, such as viral hepatitis and alcohol or drug abuse, may mask liver disorders that result from occupational hepatotoxic agents and block the demonstration of an occupational cause. The identification of environmental agents that result in human cancer is a long and often difficult process. The purpose of the present review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the association of non‑infective occupational risk exposure and HCC, to encourage further research and draw attention to this global occupational public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
- Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies ‘GF Ingrassia’, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Christian Zammit
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Andrea Marconi
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Fago
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Matera
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Costanzo
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fuccio Sanzà
- Division of Radiology, ‘Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele’ University Hospital, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Palmucci
- Division of Radiology, ‘Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele’ University Hospital, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies ‘GF Ingrassia’, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Costa
- Occupational Medicine, Department of the Environment, Safety, Territory, Food and Health Sciences, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Occupational Medicine, Department of the Environment, Safety, Territory, Food and Health Sciences, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- General Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Pomara
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta
- Forensic Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
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16
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Alawi MA, Azeez AL. Study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples from Al-Ahdab oil field in Waset Region, Iraq. TOXIN REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1198379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Haddaoui I, Mahjoub O, Mahjoub B, Boujelben A, Di Bella G. Occurrence and distribution of PAHs, PCBs, and chlorinated pesticides in Tunisian soil irrigated with treated wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 146:195-205. [PMID: 26716883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Treated wastewater (TWW) is a well recognized source of organic pollutants (OPs) that may accumulate during irrigation. For the first time, data on the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyles (PCBs) and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) in wastewater irrigated soil in Nabeul (Tunisia) are reported. 13 PAHs, 18 PCBs and 16 OCPs were analyzed in soil samples collected at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth before each and every irrigation and after the irrigation period expanding from June to October. Soil was extracted with an accelerated solvent extractor and analyzed by a tandem gas chromatograph in selected reaction monitoring mode (GC/MS/MS/SRM). OPs residues were detected before irrigation and accumulated at the end of the season for some of them. The total concentration of PAHs varied between 120.01 and 365.18 μg kg(-1) dry weight (dw) at 0-10 cm depth before and at the end of irrigation, respectively. The total concentration of PCBs varied between 11.26 and 21.89 μg kg(-1) dw at 0-10 cm, being higher than those reported for 10-20 cm. The six indicator PCB congeners (28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) were predominant. OCPs concentrations ranged between 12.49 and 21.81 μg kg(-1) at 0-10 cm and between 74.03 and 310.54 μg kg(-1) at 10-20 cm depth. DDT was predominant accounting for more than 94% of the total OCPs. In view of the present results, OPs are relevant to the agricultural environment, calling for more research on their persistence and potential transfer to plants and/or groundwater while taking into account farmers' practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Haddaoui
- Department of Horticultural Systems Engineering and Environment, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott Mariem, University of Sousse, BP. 47, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Olfa Mahjoub
- National Research Institute for Rural Engineering, Water, and Forestry, Carthage University, P.O. Box 10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Borhane Mahjoub
- Department of Horticultural Systems Engineering and Environment, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott Mariem, University of Sousse, BP. 47, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Abdelhamid Boujelben
- Department of Horticultural Systems Engineering and Environment, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott Mariem, University of Sousse, BP. 47, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- Department of Environment, Safety, Territory, Food and Health Sciences "Carmelo Abbate", University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres No. 31, 98166 S. Agata, Messina, Italy.
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18
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Muthusamy S, Peng C, Ng JC. The binary, ternary and quaternary mixture toxicity of benzo[ a]pyrene, arsenic, cadmium and lead in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:703-713. [PMID: 30090384 PMCID: PMC6062251 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00425j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metal/loid(s) are common environmental pollutants. Toxicological interaction data on benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and heavy metal/loid(s) are lacking. In this study, we have determined the combined toxicity of B[a]P, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in HepG2 cells. The binary, ternary and quaternary mixture toxicity of B[a]P and heavy metal/loid(s) was predicted by using the combination index (CI)-isobologram method. This method is useful to predict the quantitative nature of an interaction between chemicals at different effect (inhibitory concentration) levels from 0.1 to 99% using computerised quantitation. A total of 11 mixtures including six binary mixtures, four ternary and one quaternary mixtures of B[a]P and heavy metal/loid(s) were evaluated for their interactions. The cytotoxicity of individual and multi-component mixtures was evaluated by MTS assay. The selected concentrations for the individual dose response study were 0-100 μM - B[a]P; 0-40 μM - Cd; 0-400 μM - As and Pb. The individual dose response results showed that all four chemicals were toxic to liver cells with Cd being the most potent toxicant. Mixtures of B[a]P and heavy metal/loid(s) were prepared based on their individual Dm concentration using a 1 : 1 ratio and exposed to HepG2 cells. By using the CI-isobologram method, the predicted interactions between these chemicals were synergism, additivity or antagonism at different effect levels. All the mixtures except the ternary mixture of B[a]P + As + Pb displayed synergism at a lower effect level (IC10-IC30), and additivity, synergism or antagonism at 50-90% effect levels. Among these mixtures, mixtures of heavy metal/loid(s) (both binary and ternary combinations) and a quaternary mixture of B[a]P + As + Cd + Pb showed a strong synergistic response at lower effect levels compared to other mixtures. The predicted interaction response by the CI method was compared with classical models of concentration addition and independent action. The CI method displayed an improved prediction power compared to classical models. The predicted synergistic interaction between B[a]P and heavy metal/loid(s) may have important implications in the human health risk assessment of these mixed chemical mixtures at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikumar Muthusamy
- The University of Queensland , National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox) , Coopers Plains , Brisbane , QLD 4108 , Australia
- CRC CARE , The University of Newcastle , University Drive , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 414 747 147
| | - Cheng Peng
- The University of Queensland , National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox) , Coopers Plains , Brisbane , QLD 4108 , Australia
- CRC CARE , The University of Newcastle , University Drive , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 414 747 147
| | - Jack C Ng
- The University of Queensland , National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox) , Coopers Plains , Brisbane , QLD 4108 , Australia
- CRC CARE , The University of Newcastle , University Drive , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 414 747 147
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19
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Iqbal M. Vicia faba bioassay for environmental toxicity monitoring: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:785-802. [PMID: 26414739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants are recognized as excellent genetic models to detect cytogenetic and mutagenic agents and are frequently used in environmental monitoring studies. Vicia faba (V. faba) bioassay have been used to study DNA damages i.e., chromosomal and nuclear aberrations induced by metallic compounds, pesticides, complex mixtures, petroleum derivates, toxins, nanoparticles and industrial effluents. The main advantages of using V. faba is its availability round the year, economical to use, easy to grow and handle; its use does not require sterile conditions, rate of cell division is fast, chromosomes are easy to score, less expensive and more sensitive as compared to other short-term tests that require pre-preparations. The V. faba test offers evaluation of different endpoints and tested agents can be classified as cytotoxic/genotoxic/mutagenic. This test also provides understanding about mechanism of action, whether the tested agent is clastogenic or aneugenic in nature. In view of advantages offered by V. faba test system, it is used extensively to assess toxic agents and has been emerged as an important bioassay for ecotoxicological studies. Based on the applications of V. faba test to assess the environmental quality, this article offers an overview of this test system and its efficiency in assessing the cytogenetic and mutagenic agents in different classes of the environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawar Iqbal
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
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20
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Jia K, Ding L, Zhang L, Zhang M, Yi M, Wu Y. In vitro assessment of environmental stress of persistent organic pollutants on the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:529-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Melnyk A, Dettlaff A, Kuklińska K, Namieśnik J, Wolska L. Concentration and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface soil near a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 530-531:18-27. [PMID: 26026405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to a continuous demand of land for infrastructural and residential development there is a public concern about the condition of surface soil near municipal solid waste landfills. A total of 12 surface (0-20 cm) soil samples from a territory near a landfill were collected and the concentration of 16 PAHs and 7 PCB congeners were investigated in these samples. Limits of detection were in the range of 0.038-1.2 μg/kg for PAHs and 0.025-0.041 μg/kg for PCBs. The total concentration of ∑ PAHs ranged from 892 to 3514 μg/kg with a mean of 1974 μg/kg. The total concentration of ∑ PCBs ranged from 2.5 to 12 μg/kg with a mean of 4.5 μg/kg. Data analyses allowed to state that the PAHs in surface soils near a landfill were principally from pyrogenic sources. Due to air transport, PAHs forming at the landfill are transported outside the landfill. PCB origin is not connected with the landfill. Aroclor 1242 can be the source of PCBs in several samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Melnyk
- Gdansk University of Technology (GUT), Chemical Faculty, 11/12, G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - A Dettlaff
- Gdansk University of Technology (GUT), Chemical Faculty, 11/12, G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - K Kuklińska
- Gdansk University of Technology (GUT), Chemical Faculty, 11/12, G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - J Namieśnik
- Gdansk University of Technology (GUT), Chemical Faculty, 11/12, G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - L Wolska
- Gdansk University of Technology (GUT), Chemical Faculty, 11/12, G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Health Sciences with Subfaculty of Nursing, Dębowa Str. 3, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
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22
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Goulas A, Louvel B, Waterlot C. Analytical method for determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants using ultrafast liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and the recent column packed with the new 5 μm Kinetex-C18 core-shell particles. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An ultrafast liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection has been optimized for the determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using a recent Kinetex-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm). This column has been recently packed with a new brand of porous shell particles with an average particle size of 5 μm to separate various compounds by liquid chromatography, operating at very low pressure. After optimization of the analytical procedure, the separation of the 15 PAHs in spiked tap water samples was achieved without coeluted products in 21.5 min at 16 °C using an aqueous/acetonitrile mobile phase under gradient concentrations with a very low flow rate (0.7–1.0 mL min−1) and low pressure values (870–1590 psi = 60–110 bar), all of these conditions being interesting from an economic point of view. The synchronization of wavelength time changing and the elution time of each compound was performed to avoid baseline deviation. The validation of the whole of the experimental procedure was conducted taking into consideration the following parameters: calibration curve, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and repeatability of the retention time for each PAH. The proposed analytical procedure presented adequate linearity over a concentration range from 0.025 to 10 μg L−1 with a correlation coefficient better than 0.9980. The repeatability (relative standard deviation in percentage, n = 5) of the retention time for the different PAHs investigated ranged from 0.03% to 0.34% and the limit of detection was under 0.6 μg L−1 for most PAHs (excepted for indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene, limit of detection = 1.71 μg L−1). The intraday and interday precisions were below 4%. The recovery of PAH in spiked tap water samples was variable, ranging from 96% to 109%, with relative standard deviation between 0.2% and 4.8%, depending on PAHs and their concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Goulas
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille – 48 boulevard Vauban – 59046 Lille cedex, France
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille – 48 boulevard Vauban – 59046 Lille cedex, France
| | - Brice Louvel
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille – 48 boulevard Vauban – 59046 Lille cedex, France
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille – 48 boulevard Vauban – 59046 Lille cedex, France
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille – 48 boulevard Vauban – 59046 Lille cedex, France
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille – 48 boulevard Vauban – 59046 Lille cedex, France
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Becerra-Castro C, Lopes AR, Vaz-Moreira I, Silva EF, Manaia CM, Nunes OC. Wastewater reuse in irrigation: a microbiological perspective on implications in soil fertility and human and environmental health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 75:117-35. [PMID: 25461421 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of treated wastewater, in particular for irrigation, is an increasingly common practice, encouraged by governments and official entities worldwide. Irrigation with wastewater may have implications at two different levels: alter the physicochemical and microbiological properties of the soil and/or introduce and contribute to the accumulation of chemical and biological contaminants in soil. The first may affect soil productivity and fertility; the second may pose serious risks to the human and environmental health. The sustainable wastewater reuse in agriculture should prevent both types of effects, requiring a holistic and integrated risk assessment. In this article we critically review possible effects of irrigation with treated wastewater, with special emphasis on soil microbiota. The maintenance of a rich and diversified autochthonous soil microbiota and the use of treated wastewater with minimal levels of potential soil contaminants are proposed as sine qua non conditions to achieve a sustainable wastewater reuse for irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Becerra-Castro
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal; LEPABE, Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Lopes
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal; LEPABE, Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivone Vaz-Moreira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal; LEPABE, Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete F Silva
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Campus Politécnico de Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Célia M Manaia
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE, Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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24
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Li JL, Wang YX, Zhang CX, Dong YH, Du B, Liao XP. The source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the topsoil in Xiaodian sewage irrigation area, North of China. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1943-1950. [PMID: 25139034 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
31 topsoil samples were collected by grid method in Xiaodian sewage irrigation area, Taiyuan City, North of China. The concentrations of 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrum. Generally speaking, the distribution order of PAHs in the area is: those with five and six rings > those with four rings > those with two and three rings. Source apportionment shows a significant zonation of the source of PAHs: the civil coal pollution occurred in the north part, the local and far factory pollution happened in the middle area and the mixed pollution sources from coal and wood combustion, automotive emission, presented in the south area. The distribution of PAHs has a definite relationship with the sewage water flow and soil adsorption. The related coefficient between PAHs and physicochemical property showed there was a negative correlation between pH, silt, clay and PAHs while there was a positive correlation between total organic carbon, sand and PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Le Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China,
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25
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Soodan RK, Pakade YB, Nagpal A, Katnoria JK. Analytical techniques for estimation of heavy metals in soil ecosystem: A tabulated review. Talanta 2014; 125:405-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Jin A, He J, Chen S, Huang G. Distribution and transport of PAHs in soil profiles of different water irrigation areas in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:1526-1534. [PMID: 24781137 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00623a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vertical distribution characteristics and transport mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil profiles (0-5.5 m) of different water irrigation areas in the southeast suburb of Beijing were analyzed and compared. 16 priority PAHs on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) list were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The relationship between the properties of soil and PAHs was also studied by statistical analyses. The results showed that total PAH concentrations in the topsoils of the wastewater irrigation (WWI) area, reclaimed water irrigation (RWI) area, groundwater irrigation (GWI) area were much higher than those in the deep soils, with the concentrations of 726.0, 206.8 and 42.8 μg kg(-1) (dry wt), respectively. The low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs (2-3 ring) including naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Phe), fluorene (Fl) dominated the layers (0.5-5.5 m) underneath the surfaces. The migration of LMW PAHs was faster than that of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs and LMW PAHs were transported in dissolved matter. The different soil textures of three sites caused the differences in the variation ranges of PAHs in the profiles. The statistical analyses showed a significant linear positive correlation between PAHs and total organic carbon (TOC). The 2-4 ring PAHs were detected in the wastewater and reclaimed waters, which was consistent with those in the soil profiles. The presence of PAHs in the soil profiles was mainly due to the irrigation of wastewater. Wastewater reuse guidelines and standards for irrigation should be established urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifang Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
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27
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Ludewig G, Robertson LW. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as initiating agents in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2013; 334:46-55. [PMID: 23211541 PMCID: PMC3648605 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PCBs are carcinogens, but for many decades it was assumed that PCBs may not possess initiating activity. Initiation is a process that involves changes in the DNA sequence, often, but not exclusively produced through DNA adduction by a reactive compound or reactive oxygen species (ROS). DNA adducts can be detected by (32)P-postlabeling, a method that Dr. Ramesh Gupta co-developed and refined. Today these types of assays together with other mechanistic studies provide convincing evidence that specific PCB congeners can be biotransformed to genotoxic and therefore potentially initiating metabolites. This review will provide an overview of our current knowledge of PCBs' genotoxic potential and mechanism of action, emphasizing the contributions of Dr. Ramesh Gupta during his tenures at the Universities of Kentucky and Louisville.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ludewig
- The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, United States.
| | - Larry W Robertson
- The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, United States
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28
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Gatica J, Cytryn E. Impact of treated wastewater irrigation on antibiotic resistance in the soil microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:3529-38. [PMID: 23378260 PMCID: PMC3646162 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation is a practical solution for overcoming water scarcity, especially in arid and semiarid regions of the world. However, there are several potential environmental and health-related risks associated with this practice. One such risk stems from the fact that TWW irrigation may increase antibiotic resistance (AR) levels in soil bacteria, potentially contributing to the global propagation of clinical AR. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents have been recognized as significant environmental AR reservoirs due to selective pressure generated by antibiotics and other compounds that are frequently detected in effluents. This review summarizes a myriad of recent studies that have assessed the impact of anthropogenic practices on AR in environmental bacterial communities, with specific emphasis on elucidating the potential effects of TWW irrigation on AR in the soil microbiome. Based on the current state of the art, we conclude that contradictory to freshwater environments where WWTP effluent influx tends to expand antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes levels, TWW irrigation does not seem to impact AR levels in the soil microbiome. Although this conclusion is a cause for cautious optimism regarding the future implementation of TWW irrigation, we conclude that further studies aimed at assessing the scope of horizontal gene transfer between effluent-associated ARB and soil bacteria need to be further conducted before ruling out the possible contribution of TWW irrigation to antibiotic-resistant reservoirs in irrigated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Gatica
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Department of Agroecology and Plant Health, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
- P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250 Israel
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29
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Zhao L, Dong YH, Wang H. Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in farm-raised livestock feeds and manures in Jiangsu, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 450-451:348-355. [PMID: 23058310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The residual levels of 8 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in pig, chicken, and cow feed and manure samples collected from feedlots in Jiangsu province, China. The mean residuals of OCPs ranged from 25.35 to 65.62 ng g(-1) in feeds and from 33.46 to 90.89 ng g(-1) in manures. Among 4 hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), α-HCH was the most abundant compound, with a high occurrence above 80% in all kinds of animal feeds and manures. For dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), the predominance of p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT of total DDTs was also clearly observed. Composite profiles of HCHs and DDTs in feeds indicated that the residuals of lindane and DDTs could be attributed to new inputs in the past several years. The mean residuals of all of the PAHs varied from 128.94 to 389.66 ng g(-1) in manures. The mean concentrations of seven carcinogenic PAHs in manures varied from 16.80 to 79.70 ng g(-1). Of the 15 priority PAHs, phenanthrene was the most dominant PAH species and accounted for approximately 50% of the total PAHs in all animal manures. The distribution of PAHs with different rings showed that PAHs with 3 rings were the primary components in the tested manures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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30
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Cao XF, Liu M, Song YF, Ackland ML. Composition, sources, and potential toxicology of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soils in Liaoning, People's Republic of China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2231-2241. [PMID: 22707148 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface soil (0-20 cm) samples (n = 143) were collected from vegetable, maize, and paddy farmland used for commercial crops in Liaoning, China. Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed in US Environmental Protection Agency were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a fluorescence detector. The soil concentrations of the 16 PAH ranged from 50 to 3,309 ng/g with a mean of 388 ng/g. The highest concentration of total PAHs found in soil of the vegetable farmland was 448 ng/g in average, followed by maize and paddy with total PAHs of 391 and 331 ng/g, respectively. Generally, the low molecular weight PAHs were more predominant than the high molecular weight PAHs in most of the soils. The evaluation of soil PAH contamination based on the Canadian criterion indicated that only naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were over the target values in several sampling sites. Isomer pair ratios and principal component analysis indicated that biomass and coal combustion were the main sources of PAHs in this area. And the average value of total B[a]Peq concentration in vegetable soils was higher than paddy and maize soils. We suggest that biomass burning should be abolished and commercial farming should be carried out far from the highways to ensure the safety of food products derived from commercial farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Feng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, People's Republic of China
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31
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Gao H, Dong Y, Meng C, Guan W, Liu Y, Xing G. Investigation of organic pollutants in wastewater-irrigated soil and its DNA damage and oxidative damage on mice. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2475-2482. [PMID: 22828977 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to determine the DNA and oxidative damage on mice by mixtures of organic contaminants in wastewater-irrigated soil, in order to assess their usefulness as markers for this kind of pollution. Wastewater-irrigated soil samples in the vicinity of an industrial area in Tangshan, China were collected, and soil irrigated by underground water satisfying drinking water standards was used as control group. Organic pollutants were extracted from the soil using ultrasonic oscillation, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Meanwhile, DNA damage on mice was determined by the Comet assay after oral gavage with the extracts, and changes in total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase glutathione, GSH peroxidase (GSH-P(X)) activity and malondialdehyde content in serum of mice were investigated. The number of categories and concentrations of organic compounds in the wastewater-irrigated soil is more than those in groundwater-irrigated soil, as identified by the GC-MS. The toxicity test of mice showed that compared with reagent control group, the activities of T-SOD and GSH-P(X) decreased; the tailing rate of peripheral blood lymphocyte of mice increased and was more than that of the control group. This shows that mammalian toxicity end points can be used to determine the joint toxicity of organic pollutants in soil. When there is no means to identify each and every pollutant in soil, it is feasible to evaluate the combined effects of various pollutants to determine the extent to which the soil is polluted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Gao
- School of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
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32
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Zhao Q, Xing B, Tai P, Li H, Song L, Zhang L, Li P. Effect of freeze-thawing cycles on soil aging behavior of individually spiked phenanthrene and pyrene at different concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 444:311-319. [PMID: 23280288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work was initiated to study the concentration effects on phenanthrene and pyrene extraction during process of aging in phaeozem and burozem with or without freeze-thawing cycles. 1, 10, and 100 μg g(-1) phenanthrene and pyrene contaminated soils were extracted by 10,000 mg L(-1) surfactant SDBS at various times. The extraction amount decreased with increasing contact time. Aging process could be divided into two stages: an initially rapid and then a slow sorption period. The amount extraction of 1 μg g(-1) pyrene in phaeozem was higher at the initial sorption stage. The time for 100 μg g(-1) phenanthrene and pyrene extraction efficiency to reach equilibrium in both soils were shorter than 1 and 10 μg g(-1). Changes in extraction efficiency rate caused by slow sorption were affected by contact time, physicochemical properties of soils and chemicals and the applied concentration of chemicals. For 1 and 10 μg g(-1) phenanthrene and pyrene contaminated soils, freeze-thawing cycle increased the extraction efficiency at the initial 1st and 8th days. The extraction efficiency with no freeze-thawing cycle was higher than that with freeze-thawing cycles at 30 and 120 days. A conceptual model was proposed to account for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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33
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Zeiner M, Rezić T, Santek B, Rezić I, Hann S, Stingeder G. Removal of Cr, Mn, and Co from textile wastewater by horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:10690-10696. [PMID: 22934685 DOI: 10.1021/es301596g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by industrial wastewaters polluted with toxic heavy metals is of great concern. Various guidelines regulate the quality of water released from industrial plants and of surface waters. In wastewater treatment, bioreactors with microbial biofilms are widely used. A horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor (HRTB) is a combination of a thin layer and a biodisc reactor with an interior divided by O-ring shaped partition walls as carriers for microbial biomass. Using a biofilm of heavy metal resistant bacteria in combination with this special design provides various advantages for wastewater treatment proven in a pilot study. In the presented study, the applicability of HRTB for removing metals commonly present in textile wastewaters (chromium, manganese, cobalt) was investigated. Artificial wastewaters with a load of 125 mg/L of each metal underwent the bioreactor treatment. Different process parameters (inflow rate, rotation speed) were applied for optimizing the removal efficiency. Samples were drawn along the bioreactor length for monitoring the metal contents on site by UV-vis spectrometry. The metal uptake of the biomass was determined by ICP-MS after acidic microwave assisted digestion. The maximum removal rates obtained for chromium, manganese, and cobalt were: 100%, 94%, and 69%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Zeiner
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria.
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Song X, Hu X, Ji P, Li Y, Chi G, Song Y. Phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated farmland soil by the hyperaccumulator Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 88:623-626. [PMID: 22286610 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A field study was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation efficiency of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil utilizing the Cd hyperaccumulator Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla during one growing season (about 2 months) on farmland in Zhangshi Irrigation Area, the representative wastewater irrigation area in China. Results showed that B. vulgaris L. var. cicla is a promising plant in the phytoremediation of Cd contaminated farmland soil. The maximum of Cd phytoremediation efficiency by B. vulgaris L. var. cicla reached 144.6 mg/ha during one growing season. Planting density had a significant effect on the plant biomass and the overall Cd phytoremediation efficiency (p < 0.05). The amendment of organic manure promoted the biomass increase of B. vulgaris L. var. cicla (p < 0.05) but inhibited the Cd phytoremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Song
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation (Ministry of Education), Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
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35
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Guo W, He M, Yang Z, Lin C, Quan X. Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Xihe River, an urban river in China's Shenyang City: distribution and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:1193-1199. [PMID: 21196077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons and the risks they pose to the ecosystem were studied in the Xihe River, which is an urban river located in Shenyang, China. High levels of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHc) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were observed in the river due to the discharge of wastewater from industrial and municipal facilities for a long period of time. High-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, including unresolved complex mixtures (UCM) of n-alkanes between n-C16 and n-C32 and of PAHs with four to six rings, were the dominant hydrocarbons in the river, particularly in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments. The AHc was mainly from petrogenic sources, whereas PAHs was from both pyrolytic and petrogenic source inputs. Our results suggest that there is a high risk of toxicity for the soils and groundwater of the study area. The overall toxicity in the sediments can be described using the toxic equivalent (TEQ) of dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBA) based on benzo(a)pyrene (TEQ(BaP)) and dioxins (TEQ(TCDD)) toxic equivalent concentrations. The TEQ values for benzo(a)pyrene (TEQ(BaP)) and dioxins (TEQ(TCDD)) presented a consistent assessment of sediment PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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36
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Sun Y, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Wang L, Liang X. Phytoremediation for co-contaminated soils of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and heavy metals using ornamental plant Tagetes patula. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:2075-2082. [PMID: 21269763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pot-culture experiments were conducted to investigate the single effect of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and the joint effect of metal-B[a]P on the growth of Tagetes patula and its uptake, accumulation and dissipation of heavy metals and B[a]P. Results showed that the low concentration of B[a]P (≤10 mg kg(-1)) could facilitate plant growth and resulted in an increase in biomass at the rate of 10.0-49.7% relative to the control. There were significantly positive correlations between the concentrations of B[a]P accumulated in tissues of the plants and soil B[a]P (P<0.001). However, the occurrence of Cd, Cu and Pb had inhibitive effects on plant growth and B[a]P uptake and accumulation on the whole. T. patula still exhibited a steady feature of Cd-hyperaccumulator under combined contaminated soils. By contrast, the effectiveness of Cu and Pb absorption in the plants was very weak. Plant-promoted biodegradation of B[a]P was the dominant contribution, 79.2-92.4% and 78.2-92.9% of dissipation of B[a]P came from plant-biodegradation under single B[a]P and metal-B[a]P contaminated soils, respectively. Therefore, T. patula might be useful for phytoremediation of B[a]P and B[a]P-Cd contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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37
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Wang YC, Qiao M, Liu YX, Arp HPH, Zhu YG. Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon uptake pathways and risk assessment of vegetables from waste-water irrigated areas in northern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:433-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0em00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Wang T, Wang Y, Fu J, Wang P, Li Y, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Characteristic accumulation and soil penetration of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in wastewater irrigated farmlands. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 81:1045-1051. [PMID: 20846706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The impact of wastewater irrigation on the distribution of two groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in farm soil was investigated in this study. The concentrations of total analyzed PCBs were in the range 256-2140pgg(-1) on dry weight basis in surface soils. There was a higher accumulation of PCBs in farms irrigated by wastewater, with decachlorobiphenyl (CB-209) as the predominant congener. The spatial distributions of PBDEs were similar although not as obvious as that of PCBs, and BDE-209 was the predominant congener at 2040-496000pgg(-1)dw, accounting for >96% of the total analyzed PBDEs. However, no significant correlations could be found between PCB and PBDE concentrations in the topsoil samples, and also with soil organic content between the different sites. On the other hand, soil vertical profiles showed significant relationship with soil organic content in cores taken from farms irrigated with wastewater. The vertical distribution was quite uniform at the topsoil, corresponding to the plowed layer, and decreased thereafter exponentially. Furthermore, the soil vertical distribution was found to be congener specific for PCBs, where less chlorinated congeners were able to penetrate deeper into the soil while heavier congeners were more restricted in their movement. This fractionation process was however not found for PBDEs. Also, the prevalence and high relative concentrations of CB-11 and CB-209 suggests that these PCB congeners should more often be included in routine environmental analysis in order to identifying unusual contamination sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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Xiao J, Guo L, Wang S, Lu Y. Comparative impact of cadmium on two phenanthrene-degrading bacteria isolated from cadmium and phenanthrene co-contaminated soil in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 174:818-823. [PMID: 19853994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Alcaligenes faecalis strain J08 and Brevundimonas sp. strain X08 were isolated from soils co-contaminated by cadmium (Cd) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Northeast China. The two strains of bacteria were identified by phenotypic tests and 16S rDNA. Different Cd treatments (0.01 mM, 0.1mM, 0.5mM) showed no significant influence (p>0.05) on the biodegradation of phenanthrene by A. faecalis strain J08. Brevundimonas sp. strain X08 also presented no significant differences in the biodegradation of phenanthrene in Cd treatments (0.01 mM, 0.1mM). The growth of Brevundimonas sp. strain X08 was prohibited significantly (p<0.05) by Cd in the concentration of 0.5mM, but the biodegradation of phenanthrene in this group was not impaired. The specific biodegradation rate of Brevundimonas sp. strain X08 in the 0.5mM Cd group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than rates in other Cd treatments (0mM, 0.01 mM, 0.1mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Xiao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Zeiner M, Rezić T, Santek B. Monitoring of Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn in wastewater during treatment in a horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2010; 82:183-186. [PMID: 20183985 DOI: 10.2175/106143009x442907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The most appropriate systems for treatment of metal-contaminated waters are bioreactors with microbial biofilms. A horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor (HRTB) was studied for its applicability for removing copper, iron, nickel, and zinc (Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn) from wastewater. Monitoring of the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn by a fast, simple, onsite method was needed to make decisions for further optimization. The UV-VIS spectrophotometric quantification of Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, 1,10-phenathroline, dimethylglyoxime, and 2-{[alpha-(2-Hydroxy-5-sulfophenylazo)-benzylidene]-hydrazino}-benzoic acid monosodium salt (=zincon monosodium salt) as reagents, respectively, was optimized and validated. The limits of quantification were 0.14, 0.12, 0.21, and 0.03 mg/L for Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn, respectively. The recovery for all elements was between 98 and 104%, the uncertainty of measurement was less than 6%. Depending on the reactor parameters applied, metal removals from 40 to more than 90% could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Zeiner
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Marcato-Romain CE, Guiresse M, Cecchi M, Cotelle S, Pinelli E. New direct contact approach to evaluate soil genotoxicity using the Vicia faba micronucleus test. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:345-350. [PMID: 19729185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A method to assess micronucleus (MN) induction in Vicia faba roots by direct contact exposure to a solid matrix was developed. The procedure comprised a 5-d germination period, as in the well-known method using aqueous extracts. However, the seeds were here sown directly into the test soil whereas a culture period is necessary before exposing seedlings to a liquid medium. One soil under forest and two contaminated soils from areas affected by industrial installations and a coke works were used. Three durations of direct exposure were tested: 2, 5 and 7 d. The optimal duration was evaluated at 2 d to observe maximal MN induction without observing toxicity symptoms. The methodology using aqueous extracts was applied to the same three soils: MN frequency was higher than in the direct contact assay but the ratios of MN frequencies from tested soils in comparison to the negative control were lower. However, for each soil, both the direct contact method and the aqueous extract exposure led to the same risk assessment diagnosis. The evaluation of a concentration range of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)-contaminated soil showed a dose-dependent MN frequency when the seeds were allowed to germinate before sowing in the soil: the soil genotoxicity was the highest at intermediate doses. The direct contact method was found to be rapid, sensitive and well suited to the evaluation of soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Emmanuelle Marcato-Romain
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle (ECOLAB), UPS, INP, ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
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Martínez Vidal JL, Garrido Frenich A, de las Nieves Barco Bonilla M, Romero-González R, Padilla Sánchez JA. Simultaneous extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils by pressurized liquid extraction and determination by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1551-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ratuzny T, Gong Z, Wilke BM. Total concentrations and speciation of heavy metals in soils of the Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2009; 156:171-180. [PMID: 18695993 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area (SZIA) was used for the spreading of municipal and industrial waste water, which is an economic way of irrigating crops, recycling nutrients and water treatment. Long-term irrigation resulted in a severe metal contamination of soils. To identify the soil phases implicated in retaining the metals, sequential extractions were performed. The most predominant metal was cadmium which was mainly associated with mobile, easily soluble and easily reducible fractions. Copper was mainly associated with the residual, EDTA extractable and moderately reducible fractions. Lead was bound to organic matter and poorly crystalline Fe-oxides. Nickel and zinc were mainly associated with the residual and strongly reducible fractions. Although copper, lead, nickel and zinc concentrations were of minor importance mobile metal concentrations of these metals as well as of cadmium exceeded German trigger values for plant production and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ratuzny
- Department of Ecology, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Franklinstr. 29, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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Zhao Q, Li P, Stagnitti F, Ye J, Dong D, Zhang Y, Li P. Effects of aging and freeze-thawing on extractability of pyrene in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 76:447-452. [PMID: 19403156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 03/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of soil freezing and thawing on the extractability by dichloromethane of pyrene from two Chinese soils are investigated. The soils were collected from the Northeast region of China where heavy pollution of soils by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) is common. Two soils were considered: a burozem obtained from the Shenfu irrigated region in Liaoning province and a phaeozem collected from the Hailun area in Haerbin province. The soils were collected from areas free from PAH pollution. Pyrene was aged in sterilized soil, and autoclaved deionized water was then added to adjust the soil to different moisture levels. The combined dichloromethane extractions of pyrene in soils at various periods showed that the quantity of pyrene extracted with dichloromethane could be divided into two stages: the initially rapid period and a longer, slower period. The frequency of freeze-thawing cycles had different and contradictory effects on pyrene extractability between the two soil types. Soil moisture also was found to have different and opposite effects on pyrene extractability. Freeze-thawing cycles had great influence on pyrene extractability both in aged and unaged soils. The changes in unaged soil were more significant than those in 1-year aged soil and attributed to changes in the soil organic matter. Our research shows that the effect of freezing and thawing on pyrene extraction is complicated due to the differences in physical and chemical properties of soils as well as the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China
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Hursthouse A, Kowalczyk G. Transport and dynamics of toxic pollutants in the natural environment and their effect on human health: research gaps and challenge. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2009; 31:165-187. [PMID: 19002593 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-008-9213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The source-pathway-receptor (SPR) approach to human exposure and risk assessment contains considerable uncertainty when using the refined modelling approaches to pollutant transport and dispersal, not least in how compounds of concern might be prioritized, proxy or indicator substances identified and the basic environmental and toxicological data collected. The impact of external environmental variables, urban systems and lifestyle is still poorly understood. This determines exposure of individuals and there are a number of methods being developed to provide more reliable spatial assessments. Within the human body, the dynamics of pollutants and effects on target organs from diffuse, transient sources of exposure sets ambitious challenges for traditional risk assessment approaches. Considerable potential exists in the application of, e.g. physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The reduction in uncertainties associated with the effects of contaminants on humans, transport and dynamics influencing exposure, implications of adult versus child exposure and lifestyle and the development of realistic toxicological and exposure data are all highlighted as urgent research needs. The potential to integrate environmental with toxicological models provides the next phase of research opportunity and should be used to drive empirical and model assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hursthouse
- School of Engineering & Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Campus, Paisley PA12BE, UK.
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Genotoxicity of agricultural soils in the vicinity of industrial area. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2009; 673:124-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li P, Li X, Stagnitti F, Zhang H, Lin X, Zang S, Zhuo J, Xiong X. Studies on the sources of benzo[a]pyrene in grain and aboveground tissues of rice plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 162:463-468. [PMID: 18585859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rice plant pot experiments designed to identify benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) sources in plant tissues were conducted in an air-quality controlled greenhouse built to prevent contamination from B[a]P air pollution. Results from quartz sand cultures with control and 50, 100 and 500 microgkg(-1) of B[a]P treatments were compared with those from outdoor field experiments, in which rice plants were exposed to polluted air in the urban area of Shenyang, China. When B[a]P was strictly controlled in both air and quartz sand culture medium, the background values of B[a]P in rice plant tissues were uniformly very low. There was no significant difference of B[a]P contents of rice grain between control and treatments of B[a]P in controlled air quality trials. This indicated that the source of B[a]P in the rice grains is not from any B[a]P in the root culture media. The B[a]P content of rice grain, husk, and stem with leaf sampled from outdoor field was up to 7.33-, 9.21- and 27.10-fold higher than corresponding tissues from air-quality controlled conditions. This indicated that polluted air is the main source of B[a]P in aboveground tissues. Therefore control of B[a]P pollution in ambient air is of prime importance for improving the quality of cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Garaj-Vrhovac V, Orescanin V, Ruk D, Gajski G. In vitro assessment of genotoxic effects of electric arc furnace dust on human lymphocytes using the alkaline comet assay. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2009; 44:279-287. [PMID: 19132591 DOI: 10.1080/10934520802597986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In vitro genotoxic effects of leachates of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) on human peripheral lymphocytes, assessed prior and following the treatment with a strong alkaline solution were investigated using the alkaline comet assay. Prior and following the treatment, lymphocytes were incubated with leachate of EAFD for 6 and 24 hours at 37 degrees C. Negative controls were also included. Mean values of the tail lengths established in the samples treated with the leachate stemming from the original dust for 6 and 24 hours, were 15.70 microm and 16.78 microm, respectively, as compared to 12.33 microm found in the control sample. Slight, but significant increase in the tail length was also found with the dust treated with a strong alkaline solution (13.37 microm and 13.60 microm). In case of high heavy metal concentrations (the extract of the original furnace dust), the incubation period was revealed to be of significance as well. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that alkaline comet assay could be used as a rapid, sensitive and low-cost tool when assessing genotoxicity of various waste materials, such as leachates of the electric arc furnace dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Rencüzoğulları E, Parlak S, Basri Ila H. The Effects of Food Protector Biphenyl on Sister Chromatid Exchange, Chromosome Aberrations, and Micronucleus in Human Lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2008; 31:263-74. [DOI: 10.1080/01480540701873285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Wang L, Huang X, Zhou Q. Effects of rare earth elements on the distribution of mineral elements and heavy metals in horseradish. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 73:314-319. [PMID: 18639916 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of rare earth elements (REEs) on horseradish, the distribution of the mineral elements and heavy metals in different organs of horseradish have been studied by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Meanwhile, three variable major parameters, namely the concentration of REEs, the type of REEs, and the growth stage of plant were chosen. The results indicated that the test REEs, Ce(III) and Tb(III), could be accumulated in leaves, stems and roots of horseradish. In addition, we found that the content of mineral elements was increased in horseradish treated with 20mgl(-1) of Ce(III), but not those with the 20mgl(-1) of Tb(III). Moreover, the content of mineral elements in horseradish was decreased with the increasing concentration of REEs (100, 300mgl(-1)). Furthermore, we found that there were the opposite effects on the content of the heavy metals in horseradish treated with REEs. Finally, we found that the effect of REEs on the accumulation of REEs, and the content of mineral elements or heavy metals of horseradish during vigorous growth stage, no matter positive or negative, was more obvious than that of the other growth stages. These results demonstrated that the distribution behaviors of mineral elements and heavy metals in horseradish can be affected by the type and concentration of REEs, and the growth period of plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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