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Gimenez G, Mediavilla M, Giuliodori D, Rusteholz GC. Bullying at School and Students' Learning Outcomes: International Perspective and Gender Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:2733-2760. [PMID: 38254295 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231222457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The present study empirically investigates how school-based bullying victimization affects students' learning outcomes, taking into consideration international and gender perspectives. The main objective of the present research is to provide a better understanding of the consequences of bullying victimization in the learning process of adolescents. We estimate a statistical function that empirically establishes the relationship between the students' outcomes in mathematics, reading, and science (output) and a wide set of explanatory variables (educational factors), one of which is that of being bullied. The present study uses a large sample of 612,004 students between 15 and 16 years old, attending 21,903 schools in 79 countries. The data come from the 2018 round of the Programme for International Student Assessment. The results indicate that bullying victimization is associated with decreases in academic achievement in mathematics, reading, and science. In addition, no relevant differences by gender are observed in reading and science but, other factors being equal, bullied males score less than bullied females in mathematics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Giuliodori
- Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, Universidad de Córdoba, Argentina
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Salmon S, Chartier M, Roos LE, Afifi TO. Typologies of child maltreatment and peer victimization and the associations with adolescent substance use: A latent class analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106177. [PMID: 37058947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment and peer victimization are pervasive public health problems associated with adolescent substance use. Although child maltreatment has been identified as a risk factor for peer victimization, few studies have investigated their co-occurrence (i.e., polyvictimization). The study objectives were to: examine sex differences in the prevalence of child maltreatment, peer victimization, and substance use; identify polyvictimization patterns; and examine the associations between the identified typologies and adolescent substance use. METHODS Data were self-reported from a sample of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years (n = 2910) who participated in the provincially-representative 2014 Ontario Child Health Study. Latent class analysis with distal outcomes was conducted to identify typologies of six types of child maltreatment and five types of peer victimization and examine the associations between the polyvictimization typologies and use of cigarettes/cigars, alcohol, cannabis, and prescription drugs. RESULTS Four typologies were identified: Low victimization (76.6 %), Violent home environment (16.0 %), High verbal/social peer victimization (5.3 %), and High polyvictimization (2.1 %). The Violent home environment and High verbal/social peer victimization typologies were associated with increased odds of adolescent substance use (adjusted odds ratio range: 2.06-3.61). The High polyvictimization typology showed increased, but non-significant, odds of substance use. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent-serving health and social services professionals should be aware of polyvictimization patterns and the impact on substance use. For some adolescents, polyvictimization may include exposure to multiple child maltreatment and peer victimization types. Upstream strategies to prevent child maltreatment and peer victimization are needed, which may also contribute to reductions in adolescent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Salmon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Mariette Chartier
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Leslie E Roos
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Tracie O Afifi
- Departments of Community Health Sciences & Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Canada.
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Pinto-Cortez C, Moya-Vergara R, Espinoza-Tapia R, Guerra C. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Peer Victimization in a National Sample of Chilean Children and Youth. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP15479-NP15503. [PMID: 34020570 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211015244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of peer victimization (PV) in a national sample of Chilean children and youth. We worked with secondary data of Encuesta Nacional de Polivictimización (2017). The sample was probabilistic and included 19,684 participants between 12 and 18 years (M = 14.7, SD = 1.59) from all Chilean regions. The participants answered an adapted version of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire to assess different violence forms. However, for the present study, only five items related to PV were considered. The results showed that a lifetime and the last 12 months' prevalence of PVwerevery high. More than half of the adolescents (60.3%) reported at least one type of victimization by peers throughout a lifetime. Gender differences were found; females have the highest rates of PV than males. These results have discussed the magnitude of this issue and promote the generation of prevention strategies.
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Eyuboglu M, Eyuboglu D, Pala SC, Oktar D, Demirtas Z, Arslantas D, Unsal A. Traditional school bullying and cyberbullying: Prevalence, the effect on mental health problems and self-harm behavior. Psychiatry Res 2021; 297:113730. [PMID: 33486274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bullying is widely recognized as a major psychosocial problem with substantial negative consequences. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of traditional school bullying and cyberbullying and reciprocal associations between bullying involvement and mental health problems. The sample of the study consisted of 6202 middle and high school students (age 11-18, M= 14.4 ±1.9 years, 54% boy). Bullying involvement, self-harm behavior, anxiety, depression, and psychosocial difficulties were assessed by self-report questionnaire. The prevalence of traditional school bullying and cyberbullying victimization was 33% (95% CI 32.1-34.5%) and 17% (95% CI 16.3-18.2%), respectively. The prevalence of traditional school bullying and cyberbullying perpetration was 22.4% (95% CI 21.3-23.4%) and 10.4% (95% CI 9.7-11.3%), respectively. Bullying involvement -as a victim, perpetrator, or both- was associated with anxiety, depression, psychosocial difficulties, and self-harm behavior. Girls were more likely to be affected than boys in mental health outcomes. A significant association between bullying victimization and negative mental health outcomes were also observed. These findings provide evidence to intervention strategies need to target both traditional and cyberbullying involvement. Understanding the risk profile will help create useful and appropriate interventions, which will reduce the early effect of bullying on mental health and modify the clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Eyuboglu
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Damla Eyuboglu
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Seval Caliskan Pala
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Didem Oktar
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Demirtas
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Didem Arslantas
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Alaettin Unsal
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Risk and Protective Factors for Bullying at 11 Years of Age in a Spanish Birth Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124428. [PMID: 32575610 PMCID: PMC7345051 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Bullying affects a large number of children worldwide. This study has two objectives, to provide data on the prevalence of bullying in Spain, and to identify risk and protective factors associated with bullying. (2) Methods: Participants were 858 eleven-year-old children. Bullying was assessed using a short version of the Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire, and the following data were gathered to explore potential predictors: individual (inattention, behavior problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology, traumatic life events), family-related (sociodemographic characteristics, family context, child-parent relations), school-related (school characteristics, peer and social support, school environment) and community-related data. (3) Results: 9.3% of the children were victims, 1.4% bullies and 1.6% bully-victims. Results showed that a higher level of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology increased the risk of victimization, whereas having better relationships with parents and stronger social support were associated with a lower risk of victimization. Children having strong peer relationships and social support was also associated with less risk of perpetrating bullying. Finally, having behavior problems at 8 years of age was associated with being a bully-victim. (4) Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of studying all bullying predictors together, regarding three of the roles children may take in bullying situations.
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OLIVEIRA WAD, SILVA JL, FERNANDEZ JER, SANTOS MAD, CARAVITA SCS, SILVA MAI. Family interactions and the involvement of adolescents in bullying situations from a bioecological perspective. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0275202037e180094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Exposure to school bullying is a situation experienced in children and adolescents’ routine and a few bullying complex conditions have not yet been sufficiently explored. Thus, this study’s objective aimed at synthesizing empirical evidence concerning the relationship between bullying and family variables in a theoretical model. Adopting a mixed design, the total sample included 2,354 students from 11 public schools who participated in the quantitative stage study. Data were collected using two scales. In the quantitative stage 55 students were randomly selected for semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that positive family interactions have a protective power in relation to bullying and victimization, while negative family interactions increase the risk of students becoming involved in such situations. The factors that influence students’ involvement in school bullying belonged to the analytical components of the Bioecological Model. The outcome helped a better understanding of bullying and provided empirical support for family inclusion in the issue.
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de Oliveira WA, da Silva JL, Alves Querino R, Dos Santos CB, Ferriani MDGC, Dos Santos MA, Iossi Silva MA. [Systematic review on bullying and family: an analysis based on bioecological systems]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 20:396-403. [PMID: 30844016 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v20n3.47748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analyze the relationships between family context and involvement in school bullying. METHODS The following databases were searched: Web of Science, PsycoInfo, Pub-Med, Lilacs and SciELO virtual library, using the terms bullying, family and parents. A total of 61 papers met the eligibility criteria. The corpus was analyzed through the Bioecological Development Framework. RESULTS The experiences of students experiencing situations of bullying are multifaceted and are related to the family context. Elements from the microsystem, such as violence in the family, parental practices, environment and type of family arrangements, were the elements more frequently explored and related to bullying, though the relationships of parents with the children's friends, the parents' education and socioeconomic conditions, along with the exo, meso and macro systems were also related to bullying. CONCLUSION The review contributes to the literature by broadening the approach to this phenomenon that affects the health and development of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderlei Abadio de Oliveira
- WO: Psicológo. Doutor em Ciências. Pós-doutorando do Departamento de Psicologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, Brasil. Bolsista PNPD/CAPES.
| | | | - Rosimár Alves Querino
- RA: Cientista Social. Doutora em Sociologia. Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Uberaba, Brasil. rosimarquerino@hotmail;com
| | - Claudia Benedita Dos Santos
- CDS: Matemática. Doutora em Estatística e Experimentação Agronômica. Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, Brasil.
| | | | - Manoel Antônio Dos Santos
- MDS: Psicólogo. Doutor em Psicologia Clínica. Doutor em Psicologia Clínica. Departamento de Psicologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, Brasil. Bolsista CNPq.
| | - Marta Angélica Iossi Silva
- MI: Enfermeira. Doutora em Enfermagem. Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, Brasil. Bolsista CNPq.
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Kim J, Kim E. Bullied by Siblings and Peers: The Role of Rejecting/Neglecting Parenting and Friendship Quality Among Korean Children. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:2203-2226. [PMID: 27436089 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516659659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to examine the direct and indirect links of rejecting/neglecting parenting, sibling victimization, and friendship quality with peer victimization using a convenience sample of 584 Korean children in Grades 3 to 6. In addition, we tested whether these associations differed between male and female students. Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the data. The results revealed rejecting/neglecting parenting indirectly influenced peer victimization through sibling victimization for both males and females, although such effects were stronger for females than males. Sibling victimization had a direct effect on peer victimization across both sexes, although it indirectly influenced peer victimization through poor friendship quality only for males. Therefore, bullying prevention and intervention programs must involve parents to make them aware of the important role they play in this process and to improve their parenting styles and involvement in sibling conflicts. Furthermore, while the role of friendship quality needs to be highlighted to prevent peer victimization among males, future research continues to explore other peer variables that are related to decreased peer victimization for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingu Kim
- 1 Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunha Kim
- 2 Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Lahav-Kadmiel Z, Brunstein-Klomek A. Bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in adolescence: The moderating role of parent-child conflicts among boys and girls. J Adolesc 2018; 68:152-158. [PMID: 30096623 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms has been studied extensively over the years. Among the variables studied as having an impact on this association were different characteristics of the parent-child relationship. The current study was the first to specifically examine parent-child conflicts as a moderator in the association between victimization and depressive symptoms among adolescents. In addition, it was the first to examine the roles of the child and parent's gender in this moderation. METHODS 505 7th-9th graders from two schools in two different cities across Israel (mean age = 12.736, SD = 0.8154) participated in this study. 223 (44.2%) of the participants were male. The participants filled out a battery of self-report questionnaires assessing the different study's variables. RESULTS Significant gender differences were found: among girls, the association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms was stronger when the level of parent-child conflicts was high, while among boys, it was stronger when the level of conflicts was low. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the psychological outcomes for victims depend on their relationship with their parents. Bullying intervention programs should include the victims' parents. Furthermore, intervention programs should be designed to fit the different needs of girls and boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Lahav-Kadmiel
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Anat Brunstein-Klomek
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel.
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Silva JLD, Mello FCMD, Oliveira WAD, Prado RRD, Silva MAI, Malta DC. VITIMIZAÇÃO POR BULLYING EM ESTUDANTES BRASILEIROS: RESULTADOS DA PESQUISA NACIONAL DE SAÚDE DO ESCOLAR (PENSE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-07072018000310017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a prevalência de vitimização por bullying em estudantes brasileiros e analisar sua associação com variáveis individuais e de contexto. Método: estudo transversal, de base populacional, com dados provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar. Participaram 109.104 estudantes do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário autoaplicável. Foi testado o modelo de associação entre o bullying e variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, raça/cor da pele autodeclarada e escolaridade da mãe), de saúde mental (sentimento de solidão, insônia e falta de amigos), de contexto familiar (apanhar em casa), absenteísmo escolar (falta às aulas) e comportamento de risco para a saúde (experimentação de drogas). Foram realizadas análises uni e multivariadas. Resultados: a prevalência de vitimização foi de 7,2%. Os meninos e as meninas de 14 e 15 anos sofreram menos bullying, e as meninas menores de 13 anos sofreram mais (OR: 1,48, IC95%: 1,02-2,15). Foram mais vítimas meninos indígenas (OR: 1,37, IC95%: 1,15-1,65), meninas pretas (OR: 1,24, IC95%: 1,09-1,40) e meninas amarelas (OR: 1,43, IC95%: 1,21-1,70). Sentir-se solitário, não ter amigos, ter insônia, faltar às aulas, sofrer violência física na família e possuir mãe com baixa escolaridade foram variáveis associadas à vitimização para meninos e meninas e usar drogas, somente para as meninas (OR: 1,19, IC95%: 1,03-1,37). Conclusão: os resultados indicam que a vitimização por bullying interfere na escolaridade e na saúde dos estudantes. Dados que podem subsidiar iniciativas de enfrentamento do bullying e de promoção de saúde nas escolas.
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Why do children and adolescents bully their peers? A critical review of key theoretical frameworks. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:437-451. [PMID: 29167925 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-017-1462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bullying is a significant public health problem for children and adolescents worldwide. Evidence suggests that both being bullied (bullying victimisation) and bullying others (bullying perpetration) are associated with concurrent and future mental health problems. The onset and course of bullying perpetration are influenced by individual as well as systemic factors. Identifying effective solutions to address bullying requires a fundamental understanding of why it occurs. Drawing from multi-disciplinary domains, this review provides a summary and synthesis of the key theoretical frameworks applied to understanding and intervening on the issue of bullying. A number of explanatory models have been used to elucidate the dynamics of bullying, and broadly these correspond with either system (e.g., social-ecological, family systems, peer-group socialisation) or individual-level (e.g., developmental psychopathology, genetic, resource control, social-cognitive) frameworks. Each theory adds a unique perspective; however, no single framework comprehensively explains why bullying occurs. This review demonstrates that the integration of theoretical perspectives achieves a more nuanced understanding of bullying which is necessary for strengthening evidence-based interventions. Future progress requires researchers to integrate both the systems and individual-level theoretical frameworks to further improve current interventions. More effective intervention across different systems as well as tailoring interventions to the specific needs of the individuals directly involved in bullying will reduce exposure to a key risk factor for mental health problems.
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Tillyer MS, Ray JV, Hinton ME. Protecting High-Risk Youth in High-Risk Contexts: Neighborhoods, Parenting, and Victimization. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2027-2040. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Salmon S, Turner S, Taillieu T, Fortier J, Afifi TO. Bullying victimization experiences among middle and high school adolescents: Traditional bullying, discriminatory harassment, and cybervictimization. J Adolesc 2017; 63:29-40. [PMID: 29268108 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the current study were to estimate the prevalence of nine types of bullying victimization among adolescents in Grades 7 to 12, and examine how these experiences vary according to gender and school grade. Data were drawn from the Manitoba Youth Health Survey. The sample size was N = 64 174 and included boys and girls from Grades 7 to 12. Nine types of bullying victimization were assessed. Gender and grade differences were noted with girls being more to likely than boys to report six types of victimization. The odds of bullying victimization were higher in Grades 8 to 12 compared to Grade 7. Effective anti-bullying intervention strategies need to address a range of victimization types and should consider gender and school grade. Interventions should start before Grade 7 and continue until the end of Grade 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Salmon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W5, Canada.
| | - Sarah Turner
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, 771 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Tamara Taillieu
- Applied Health Sciences Program, University of Manitoba, 202 Active Living Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Janique Fortier
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W5, Canada.
| | - Tracie O Afifi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, 771 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Asad N, Karmaliani R, McFarlane J, Bhamani SS, Somani Y, Chirwa E, Jewkes R. The intersection of adolescent depression and peer violence: baseline results from a randomized controlled trial of 1752 youth in Pakistan. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2017; 22:232-241. [PMID: 32680419 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and peer violence are global issues impacting youth. We are presenting baseline data as part of a cluster randomized control trial underway, on adolescent depression, and associated factors among boys and girls in schools. METHOD Cluster randomized control trial is underway for measuring the effectiveness of school-based play intervention program of the NGO Right to Play, in a sample of 1752 grade 6 youth in 40 public schools of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Students responded to Child Depression Inventory (CDI-2), the Peer Victimization Scale (PVS), the Peer Perpetration Scale (PPS), and investigator-driven seven-item School Performance Scale. RESULTS We report baseline assessments to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, and associated occurrence of peer perpetration and victimization. Boys report significantly more depressive symptoms as well as perpetration and victimization compared to girls (p ≤ .0001). Our analysis indicates that among boys, depression was found associated with greater age, food insecurity, poorer school performance and working for money, as well as being beaten at home and witnessing beating of their mother by their father or other relatives. Among girls, depression was associated with a younger age, greater food insecurity and poorer school performance. Depression was also associated with a great likelihood of engagement in peer violence, experience of punishment at home, and witnessing their father fighting with other men or beating their mother. CONCLUSIONS Engagement in violent behaviors, exposure to violent acts and poverty surfaces as detrimental to mental health in youth age groups, suggesting strong measures to address youth violence, and poverty reduction for positive mental health outcomes in school age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Asad
- Department of Psychiatry, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, 3500, Pakistan
| | - Rozina Karmaliani
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Yasmeen Somani
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Esnat Chirwa
- South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rachel Jewkes
- South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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Cole DA, Nick EA, Zelkowitz RL, Roeder KM, Spinelli T. Online Social Support for Young People: Does It Recapitulate In-person Social Support; Can It Help? COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016; 68:456-464. [PMID: 28993715 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As social media websites have grown in popularity, public concern about online victimization has grown as well; however, much less attention has focused on the possible beneficial effects of online social networks. If theory and research about in-person social networks pertain, then online social relationships may represent an important modern source of or vehicle for support. In a study of 231 undergraduates, three major findings emerged: (1) for people with weaker in-person social support, social media sites provide a source of social support that is less redundant of the social support they receive in person; (2) in ways that were not redundant of each other, both online and in-person social support were associated with lower levels of depression-related thoughts and feelings, and (3) the beneficial effects of online social support (like in-person social support) offset some of the adverse effects of peer victimization. The study suggests that augmenting social relations via strategic use of social media can enhance young people's social support systems in beneficial ways.
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Gómez-Ortiz O, Romera EM, Ortega-Ruiz R. Parenting styles and bullying. The mediating role of parental psychological aggression and physical punishment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 51:132-143. [PMID: 26598076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies concerning parenting styles and disciplinary practices have shown a relationship between both factors and bullying involvement in adolescence. The scarce available evidence suggests that abusive disciplinary practices increase teenagers' vulnerability to abuse in school or the likelihood of them becoming abusers of their peers in the same context. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the indirect effect of parenting styles in adolescents' bullying involvement through disciplinary practices, although a relationship between parenting styles and disciplinary practices has been shown. The aim of this research was to determine the mediating role of punitive parental discipline (physical punishment and psychological aggression) between the dimensions of parents' parenting styles and their children's involvement in bullying victimization and aggression. We used a sample comprising 2060 Spanish high school students (47.9% girls; mean age=14.34). Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the data. The results confirmed the mediating role of parental discipline between the parenting practices analyzed and students' aggression and victimization. Significant gender-related differences were found for aggression involvement, where boys were for the most part linked to psychological aggression disciplinary practices and girls to physical punishment. Victimization directly correlated with parental psychological aggression discipline behavior across both sexes. In conclusion, the results seem to suggest that non-democratic parenting styles favor the use of punitive discipline, which increases the risk of adolescents' bullying involvement. Therefore, intervention programs must involve parents to make them aware about the important role they play in this process and to improve their parenting styles.
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Bullying in medically fragile youth: a review of risks, protective factors, and recommendations for medical providers. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2015; 36:285-301. [PMID: 25923529 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bullying is a common child and adolescent phenomenon that has concurrent and long-term implications for victims' psychological, psychosomatic, social, and academic functioning. Youth with chronic illnesses are at increased risk for being bullied, but few studies have evaluated specific risk and protective factors for medically fragile youth. Despite recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Society for Adolescent Medicine that pediatric health care providers should contribute to bullying prevention and intervention efforts, researchers also have yet to identify the best ways for providers to intervene with medically fragile youth. In this article, the authors review risk and protective factors for bullying among healthy samples. Then, the authors specifically address the ways in which these risk and protective factors are likely to apply to children with fragile medical conditions, and they provide summaries of extant bullying research for selected examples of medically fragile pediatric populations. Finally, the authors present recommendations for intervening with medically fragile youth and suggest several areas in which additional research is needed.
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