1
|
Rook GAW. Evolution and the critical role of the microbiota in the reduced mental and physical health associated with low socioeconomic status (SES). Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105653. [PMID: 38582194 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of the gut-microbiota-brain axis in animals reveals that microbial inputs influence metabolism, the regulation of inflammation and the development of organs, including the brain. Inflammatory, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders are more prevalent in people of low socioeconomic status (SES). Many aspects of low SES reduce exposure to the microbial inputs on which we are in a state of evolved dependence, whereas the lifestyle of wealthy citizens maintains these exposures. This partially explains the health deficit of low SES, so focussing on our evolutionary history and on environmental and lifestyle factors that distort microbial exposures might help to mitigate that deficit. But the human microbiota is complex and we have poor understanding of its functions at the microbial and mechanistic levels, and in the brain. Perhaps its composition is more flexible than the microbiota of animals that have restricted habitats and less diverse diets? These uncertainties are discussed in relation to the encouraging but frustrating results of attempts to treat psychiatric disorders by modulating the microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham A W Rook
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Department of infection, UCL (University College London), London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu W, Yuan Y, Shu Z, Guo T, Liu B, Xiao J, Li L, Yin Y, Zhang X. Streptococcus pneumoniae endopeptidase O induces trained immunity and confers protection against various pathogenic infections. Clin Immunol 2024; 263:110226. [PMID: 38663493 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and the surge of infectious diseases during the pandemic present significant threats to human health. Trained immunity emerges as a promising and innovative approach to address these infections. Synthetic or natural fungal, parasitic and viral components have been reported to induce trained immunity. However, it is not clear whether bacterial virulence proteins can induce protective trained immunity. Our research demonstrates Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence protein PepO, is a highly potent trained immunity inducer for combating broad-spectrum infection. Our findings showcase that rPepO training confers robust protection to mice against various pathogenic infections by enhancing macrophage functionality. rPepO effectively re-programs macrophages, re-configures their epigenetic modifications and bolsters their immunological responses, which is independent of T or B lymphocytes. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirm that trained macrophage-secreted complement C3 activates peritoneal B lymphocyte and enhances its bactericidal capacity. In addition, we provide the first evidence that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) derived from trained macrophages plays a pivotal role in shaping central-trained immunity. In summation, our research demonstrates the capability of rPepO to induce both peripheral and central trained immunity in mice, underscoring its potential application in broad-spectrum anti-infection therapy. Our research provides a new molecule and some new target options for infectious disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhaoche Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bichen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiangming Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yibin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu Y, Chen D, Gao Y, Xu Q, Zhou Y, Ni Z, Na M. Immunosuppressive regulatory cells in cancer immunotherapy: restrain or modulate? Hum Cell 2024:10.1007/s13577-024-01083-w. [PMID: 38814516 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01083-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive regulatory cells (IRCs) play important roles in negatively regulating immune response, and are mainly divided into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Large numbers of preclinical and clinical studies have shown that inhibition or reduction of IRCs could effectively elevate antitumor immune responses. However, several studies also reported that excessive inhibition of IRCs function is one of the main reasons causing the side effects of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, the reasonable regulation of IRCs is crucial for improving the safety and efficiency of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarised the recent research advances in the cancer immunotherapy by regulating the proportion of IRCs, and discussed the roles of IRCs in regulating tumour immune evasion and drug resistance to immunotherapies. Furthermore, we also discussed how to balance the potential opportunities and challenges of using IRCs to improve the safety of cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 210031, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Qinggang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Manli Na
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 210031, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sadeghi M, Divangahi M. Discovering adaptive features of innate immune memory. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:186-196. [PMID: 38563500 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Conventionally, it was thought that innate immunity operated through a simple system of nonspecific responses to an insult. However, this perspective now seems overly simplistic. It has become evident that intricate cooperation and networking among various cells, receptors, signaling pathways, and protein complexes are essential for regulating and defining the overall activation status of the immune response, where the distinction between innate and adaptive immunity becomes ambiguous. Given the evolutionary timeline of vertebrates and the success of plants and invertebrates which depend solely on innate immunity, immune memory cannot be considered an innovation of only the lymphoid lineage. Indeed, the evolutionary innate immune memory program is a conserved mechanism whereby innate immune cells can induce a heightened response to a secondary stimulus due to metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Importantly, the longevity of this memory phenotype can be attributed to the reprogramming of self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow, which is subsequently transmitted to lineage-committed innate immune cells. HSCs reside within a complex regulated network of immune and stromal cells that govern their two primary functions: self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we delve into the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as metabolic pathways of innate memory in HSCs, which harbor substantial therapeutic promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Sadeghi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vuscan P, Kischkel B, Joosten LAB, Netea MG. Trained immunity: General and emerging concepts. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:164-185. [PMID: 38551324 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, compelling evidence has unveiled previously overlooked adaptive characteristics of innate immune cells. Beyond their traditional role in providing short, non-specific protection against pathogens, innate immune cells can acquire antigen-agnostic memory, exhibiting increased responsiveness to secondary stimulation. This long-term de-facto innate immune memory, also termed trained immunity, is mediated through extensive metabolic rewiring and epigenetic modifications. While the upregulation of trained immunity proves advantageous in countering immune paralysis, its overactivation contributes to the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In this review, we present the latest advancements in the field of innate immune memory followed by a description of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning trained immunity generation and different cell types that mediate it. Furthermore, we explore its implications for various diseases and examine current limitations and its potential therapeutic targeting in immune-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vuscan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda Kischkel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu G, Tong N, Zhu Y, Wang L, Wang Q. The crosstalk between SUMOylation and immune system in host-pathogen interactions. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38619159 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2339259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Pathogens can not only cause infectious diseases, immune system diseases, and chronic diseases, but also serve as potential triggers or initiators for certain tumors. They directly or indirectly damage human health and are one of the leading causes of global deaths. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification, a type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) that occurs when SUMO groups bond covalently to particular lysine residues on substrate proteins, plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunologic responses, as well as pathogen-host immune system crosstalk. SUMOylation participates in the host's defense against pathogens by regulating immune responses, while numerically vast and taxonomically diverse pathogens have evolved to exploit the cellular SUMO modification system to break through innate defenses. Here, we describe the characteristics and multiple functions of SUMOylation as a pivotal PTM mechanism, the tactics employed by various pathogens to counteract the immune system through targeting host SUMOylation, and the character of the SUMOylation system in the fight between pathogens and the host immune system. We have also included a summary of the potential anti-pathogen SUMO enzyme inhibitors. This review serves as a reference for basic research and clinical practice in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of pathogenic microorganism-caused disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangli Zhu
- Guangdong Province Solid Waste Recycling and Heavy Metal Pollution Control Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Polytechnic of Environment Protection Engineering, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ni Tong
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yipeng Zhu
- Guagnzhou NO.6 Middle school, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lize Wang
- General Department, Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qirui Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhargavi G, Subbian S. The causes and consequences of trained immunity in myeloid cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365127. [PMID: 38665915 PMCID: PMC11043514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, immunity in humans has been classified as innate and adaptive, with the concept that only the latter type has an immunological memory/recall response against specific antigens or pathogens. Recently, a new concept of trained immunity (a.k.a. innate memory response) has emerged. According to this concept, innate immune cells can exhibit enhanced responsiveness to subsequent challenges, after initial stimulation with antigen/pathogen. Thus, trained immunity enables the innate immune cells to respond robustly and non-specifically through exposure or re-exposure to antigens/infections or vaccines, providing enhanced resistance to unrelated pathogens or reduced infection severity. For example, individuals vaccinated with BCG to protect against tuberculosis were also protected from malaria and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and metabolic reprogramming (e.g. shift towards glycolysis) and their inter-linked regulations are the key factors underpinning the immune activation of trained cells. The integrated metabolic and epigenetic rewiring generates sufficient metabolic intermediates, which is crucial to meet the energy demand required to produce proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses by the trained cells. These factors also determine the efficacy and durability of trained immunity. Importantly, the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules of trained immunity can be harnessed as potential targets for developing novel intervention strategies, such as better vaccines and immunotherapies against infectious (e.g., sepsis) and non-infectious (e.g., cancer) diseases. However, aberrant inflammation caused by inappropriate onset of trained immunity can lead to severe autoimmune pathological consequences, (e.g., systemic sclerosis and granulomatosis). In this review, we provide an overview of conventional innate and adaptive immunity and summarize various mechanistic factors associated with the onset and regulation of trained immunity, focusing on immunologic, metabolic, and epigenetic changes in myeloid cells. This review underscores the transformative potential of trained immunity in immunology, paving the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for various infectious and non-infectious diseases that leverage innate immune memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Min EK, Kim SR, Lee CM, Na KH, Park CH, Oh BC, Jung Y, Hong IS. Identification of memory mechanism in tissue-resident stem cells via ANGPTL4 beyond immune cells upon viral antigen exposure. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00222-3. [PMID: 38582960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although memory functions of immune cells characterized by increased resistance to subsequent infections after initial pathogen exposure are well-established, it remains unclear whether non-immune cells, especially tissue-resident stem cells, exhibit similar memory mechanisms. The present study revealed that detrimental effects of initial viral antigen exposure (human papillomavirus [HPV]) on diverse stem cell functions were significantly exacerbated upon subsequent secondary exposure both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, endometrial stem cells exhibited robust memory functions following consecutive HPV antigen exposures, whereas fully differentiated cells such as fibroblasts and vesicular cells did not show corresponding changes in response to the same antigen exposures. Deficiency of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) achieved through small hairpin RNA knockdown in vitro and knockout (KO) mice in vivo highlighted the critical role of ANGPTL4 in governing memory functions associated with various stem cell processes. This regulation occurred through histone H3 methylation alterations and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in response to successive HPV antigen exposures. Furthermore, memory functions associated with various stem cell functions that were evident in wild-type mice following consecutive exposures to HPV antigen were not observed in ANGPTL4 KO mice. In summary, our findings strongly support the presence of memory mechanism in non-immune cells, particularly tissue-resident stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Min
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Rim Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Mi Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Hee Na
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Buskermolen AD, Michielsen CMS, de Jong AM, Prins MWJ. Towards continuous monitoring of TNF-α at picomolar concentrations using biosensing by particle motion. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 249:115934. [PMID: 38215637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The ability to continuously monitor cytokines is desirable for fundamental research studies and healthcare applications. Cytokine release is characterized by picomolar circulating concentrations, short half-lives, and rapid peak times. Here, we describe the characteristics and feasibility of a particle-based biosensing technique for continuous monitoring of TNF-α at picomolar concentrations. The technique is based on the optical tracking of particle motion and uses an antibody sandwich configuration. Experimental results show how the analyte concentration influences the particle diffusivity and characteristic response time of the sensor, and how the sensitivity range depends on the antibody functionalization density. Furthermore, the data clarifies how antibodies supplemented in solution can shorten the characteristic response time. Finally, we demonstrate association rate-based sensing as a first step towards continuous monitoring of picomolar TNF-α concentrations, over a period of 2 h with delay times under 15 min. The insights from this research will enable the development of continuous monitoring sensors using high-affinity binders, providing the sensitivity and speed needed in applications like cytokine monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa D Buskermolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Claire M S Michielsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur M de Jong
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Menno W J Prins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Helia Biomonitoring, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abe R, Ram-Mohan N, Yang S. Re-visiting humoral constitutive antibacterial heterogeneity in bloodstream infections. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:e245-e251. [PMID: 37944543 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Although cellular immunity has garnered much attention in the era of single-cell technologies, humoral innate immunity has receded in priority due to its presumed limited roles. Hence, despite the long-recognised bactericidal activity of serum-a functional characteristic of constitutive humoral immunity-much remains unclear regarding mechanisms underlying its inter-individual heterogeneity and clinical implications in bloodstream infections. Recent work suggests that the immediate antimicrobial effect of humoral innate immunity contributes to suppression of the excessive inflammatory responses to infection by reducing the amount of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In this Personal View, we propose the need to re-explore factors underlying the inter-individual heterogeneity in serum antibacterial competence as a new approach to better understand humoral innate immunity and revisit the clinical use of measuring serum antibacterial activity in the management of bacterial bloodstream infections. Given the current emphasis on subtyping sepsis, a serum bactericidal assay might prove useful in defining a distinct sepsis endotype, to enable more personalised management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Abe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Ram-Mohan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Makuch M, Stepanechko M, Bzowska M. The dance of macrophage death: the interplay between the inevitable and the microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330461. [PMID: 38576612 PMCID: PMC10993711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic cells ubiquitous in various tissues, where they perform diverse functions. They participate in the response to pathogen invasion and inflammation resolution following the immune response, as well as the maintenance of homeostasis and proper tissue functions. Macrophages are generally considered long-lived cells with relatively strong resistance to numerous cytotoxic factors. On the other hand, their death seems to be one of the principal mechanisms by which macrophages perform their physiological functions or can contribute to the development of certain diseases. In this review, we scrutinize three distinct pro-inflammatory programmed cell death pathways - pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis - occurring in macrophages under specific circumstances, and explain how these cells appear to undergo dynamic yet not always final changes before ultimately dying. We achieve that by examining the interconnectivity of these cell death types, which in macrophages seem to create a coordinated and flexible system responding to the microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the complexity and consequences of pyroptotic, necroptotic, and ferroptotic pathway induction in macrophages under two pathological conditions - atherosclerosis and cancer. We summarize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) along with other microenvironmental factors, macrophage polarization states, associated mechanisms as well as general outcomes, as such a comprehensive look at these correlations may point out the proper methodologies and potential therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Małgorzata Bzowska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Otarigho B, Butts AF, Aballay A. Neuronal NPR-15 modulates molecular and behavioral immune responses via the amphid sensory neuron-intestinal axis in C. elegans. eLife 2024; 12:RP90051. [PMID: 38446031 PMCID: PMC10942643 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The survival of hosts during infections relies on their ability to mount effective molecular and behavioral immune responses. Despite extensive research on these defense strategies in various species, including the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, the neural mechanisms underlying their interaction remain poorly understood. Previous studies have highlighted the role of neural G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in regulating both immunity and pathogen avoidance, which is particularly dependent on aerotaxis. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a screen of mutants in neuropeptide receptor family genes. We found that loss-of-function mutations in npr-15 activated immunity while suppressing pathogen avoidance behavior. Through further analysis, NPR-15 was found to regulate immunity by modulating the activity of key transcription factors, namely GATA/ELT-2 and TFEB/HLH-30. Surprisingly, the lack of pathogen avoidance of npr-15 mutant animals was not influenced by oxygen levels. Moreover, our studies revealed that the amphid sensory neuron ASJ is involved in mediating the immune and behavioral responses orchestrated by NPR-15. Additionally, NPR-15 was found to regulate avoidance behavior via the TRPM (transient receptor potential melastatin) gene, GON-2, which may sense the intestinal distension caused by bacterial colonization to elicit pathogen avoidance. Our study contributes to a broader understanding of host defense strategies and mechanisms underlining the interaction between molecular and behavioral immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benson Otarigho
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Anna Frances Butts
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealthHoustonUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao Y, Yang M, Feng J, Wang X, Liu Y. Advances in immunotherapy for biliary tract cancers. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:524-532. [PMID: 37646139 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Biliary tract cancers (BTC), a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis, including gallbladder cancer (GBC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). Although surgery is currently the primary regimen to treat BTC, most BTC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and miss the opportunity of surgical eradication. As a result, non-surgical therapy serves as the main intervention for advanced BTC. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising therapies in a number of solid cancers, and it includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) monotherapy or combined therapy, tumor vaccines, oncolytic virus immunotherapy, adoptive cell therapy (ACT), and cytokine therapy. However, these therapies have been practiced in limited clinical settings in patients with BTC. In this review, we focus on the discussion of latest advances of immunotherapy in BTC and update the progress of multiple current clinical trials with different immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Mao Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jiayi Feng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xu'an Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai 200082, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu G, Ma N, Cheng K, Feng Q, Ma X, Yue Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Gao X, Liang J, Zhang L, Wang X, Ren Z, Fu YX, Zhao X, Nie G. Bacteria-derived nanovesicles enhance tumour vaccination by trained immunity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:387-398. [PMID: 38052943 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Trained immunity enhances the responsiveness of immune cells to subsequent infections or vaccinations. Here we demonstrate that pre-vaccination with bacteria-derived outer-membrane vesicles, which contain large amounts of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, can be used to potentiate, and enhance, tumour vaccination by trained immunity. Intraperitoneal administration of these outer-membrane vesicles to mice activates inflammasome signalling pathways and induces interleukin-1β secretion. The elevated interleukin-1β increases the generation of antigen-presenting cell progenitors. This results in increased immune response when tumour antigens are delivered, and increases tumour-antigen-specific T-cell activation. This trained immunity increased protection from tumour challenge in two distinct cancer models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Keman Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yale Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhuo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- IGDB-NCNST Joint Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tran KA, Pernet E, Sadeghi M, Downey J, Chronopoulos J, Lapshina E, Tsai O, Kaufmann E, Ding J, Divangahi M. BCG immunization induces CX3CR1 hi effector memory T cells to provide cross-protection via IFN-γ-mediated trained immunity. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:418-431. [PMID: 38225437 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
After a century of using the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, our understanding of its ability to provide protection against homologous (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) or heterologous (for example, influenza virus) infections remains limited. Here we show that systemic (intravenous) BCG vaccination provides significant protection against subsequent influenza A virus infection in mice. We further demonstrate that the BCG-mediated cross-protection against influenza A virus is largely due to the enrichment of conventional CD4+ effector CX3CR1hi memory αβ T cells in the circulation and lung parenchyma. Importantly, pulmonary CX3CR1hi T cells limit early viral infection in an antigen-independent manner via potent interferon-γ production, which subsequently enhances long-term antimicrobial activity of alveolar macrophages. These results offer insight into the unknown mechanism by which BCG has persistently displayed broad protection against non-tuberculosis infections via cross-talk between adaptive and innate memory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Tran
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erwan Pernet
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mina Sadeghi
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Downey
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Chronopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lapshina
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Oscar Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eva Kaufmann
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Matsubara S, Iguchi R, Ogasawara M, Nakamura H, Kataoka TR, Shiraishi A, Osugi T, Kawada T, Satake H. A Novel Hemocyte-Derived Peptide and Its Possible Roles in Immune Response of Ciona intestinalis Type A. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1979. [PMID: 38396656 PMCID: PMC10888236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of bioactive peptides have been identified in the central nervous system and several peripheral tissues in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A (Ciona robusta). However, hemocyte endocrine peptides have yet to be explored. Here, we report a novel 14-amino-acid peptide, CiEMa, that is predominant in the granular hemocytes and unilocular refractile granulocytes of Ciona. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR revealed the high CiEma expression in the adult pharynx and stomach. Immunohistochemistry further revealed the highly concentrated CiEMa in the hemolymph of the pharynx and epithelial cells of the stomach, suggesting biological roles in the immune response. Notably, bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulation of isolated hemocytes for 1-4 h resulted in 1.9- to 2.4-fold increased CiEMa secretion. Furthermore, CiEMa-stimulated pharynx exhibited mRNA upregulation of the growth factor (Fgf3/7/10/22), vanadium binding proteins (CiVanabin1 and CiVanabin3), and forkhead and homeobox transcription factors (Foxl2, Hox3, and Dbx) but not antimicrobial peptides (CrPap-a and CrMam-a) or immune-related genes (Tgfbtun3, Tnfa, and Il17-2). Collectively, these results suggest that CiEMa plays roles in signal transduction involving tissue development or repair in the immune response, rather than in the direct regulation of immune response genes. The present study identified a novel Ciona hemocyte peptide, CiEMa, which paves the way for research on the biological roles of hemocyte peptides in chordates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Matsubara
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Rin Iguchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku 263-8522, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michio Ogasawara
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku 263-8522, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun 028-3695, Iwate, Japan (T.R.K.)
| | - Tatsuki R. Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun 028-3695, Iwate, Japan (T.R.K.)
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Tomohiro Osugi
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawada
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Honoo Satake
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang J, Wang Y, Hou Y, Sun M, Xia T, Wu X. Evasion of host defense by Brucella. CELL INSIGHT 2024; 3:100143. [PMID: 38250017 PMCID: PMC10797155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Brucella , an adept intracellular pathogen, causes brucellosis, a zoonotic disease leading to significant global impacts on animal welfare and the economy. Regrettably, there is currently no approved and effective vaccine for human use. The ability of Brucella to evade host defenses is essential for establishing chronic infection and ensuring stable intracellular growth. Brucella employs various mechanisms to evade and undermine the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host through modulating the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), inflammatory responses, or the activation of immune cells like dendritic cells (DCs) to inhibit antigen presentation. Moreover, it regulates multiple cellular processes such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy to establish persistent infection within host cells. This review summarizes the recently discovered mechanisms employed by Brucella to subvert host immune responses and research progress on vaccines, with the aim of advancing our understanding of brucellosis and facilitating the development of more effective vaccines and therapeutic approaches against Brucella .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuanpan Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang D, Zhang H, Lu J, Hu X. Multiomics Data Reveal the Important Role of ANXA2R in T Cell-mediated Rejection After Renal Transplantation. Transplantation 2024; 108:430-444. [PMID: 37677931 PMCID: PMC10798590 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) is a severe issue after renal transplantation, but research on its T cell-receptor (TCR) repertoire is lacking. This study intended to elucidate the TCR repertoire landscape in TCMR and hence identify novel potential targets. METHODS A total of 12 multiomics data sets were collected. The TRUST4 algorithm was used to construct and analyze the TCR repertoire in renal allografts with TCMR and stable renal function. Then, novel TCR-related key genes were identified through various criteria and literature research. In bulk transcriptome, cell line, single-cell transcriptome data sets, multiple immune cell infiltration algorithms, and gene set enrichment analysis were used to analyze potential mechanisms of the identified key gene. Twenty-three pathological sections were collected for immunofluorescence staining in the clinical cohort. Finally, the diagnostic and prognostic values of ANXA2R were evaluated in multiple renal transplant data sets. RESULTS Allografts with TCMR showed significantly increased clonotype and specific clonal expansion. ANXA2R was found to be a novel key gene for TCMR and showed strong positive connections with the TCR complex and lymphocyte cells, especially CD8 + T cells. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed the existence of ANXA2R + CD8 + T cells, with their percentage significantly elevated in TCMR compared with stable renal function. Finally, both mRNA and protein levels of ANXA2R showed promising diagnostic and prognostic value for renal transplant recipients. CONCLUSIONS ANXA2R , identified as a novel TCR-related gene, had critical roles in clinicopathology, diagnosis, and prognosis in renal transplantation, which offered promising potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu J, Kong W, Wang X, Cai C, Cheng G, Ding G, Xu Z. Mucosal immune responses of gut IgM in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following infection with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109326. [PMID: 38134976 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) specifically recognizes various antigens and can activate complement, mediate cytotoxicity, opsonize and agglutinate pathogens to induce phagocytosis, all of which play an important role in immunity. However, the IgM response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the intestinal mucosa after viral infection has not been thoroughly. Therefore, we successfully produced an anti-carp IgM monoclonal antibody and developed a model of viral infection to study the kinetics of immune responses after viral infection. Our results showed that the expression of IL1-β and Igs were dramatically increased, implying that common carp exhibited a significant innate and adaptive immune response to viral infection. Furthermore, we found that the IgM responses varied between the two infection strategies. At 14 days post-infection (DPI), a significant population of IgM+ B cells were observed in the gut, accompanied by a sharp rise in IgM levels. The immune response to secondary infection started at 7 DPI, suggesting that the IgM response is faster in the gut after re-infection. Importantly, we also explored the variability of different gut compartments to viral infection, and result revealed a stronger immune response in the hindgut than in the foregut and midgut. Overall, our findings indicate that IgM plays an important role in the intestinal immune response following primary and secondary viral infection, in which the hindgut plays a major immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Yu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weiguang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xinyou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gaofeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - GuangYi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lu CL, Wangkahart E, Huang JW, Huang YX, Huang Y, Cai J, Jian JC, Wang B. Immune response and protective efficacy of Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine coated with chitosan oligosaccharide for different immunization strategy in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109353. [PMID: 38184180 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, the outbreak of Streptococcus agalactiae has caused significant economic losses in tilapia farming. Vaccine immunization methods and strategies have gradually evolved from single-mode to multi-mode overall prevention and control strategies. In this study, an inactivated vaccine of S. agalactiae with a chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) adjuvant was constructed using different administration methods: intraperitoneal injection (Ip), immersion combined with intraperitoneal injection (Im + Ip), immersion combined with oral administration (Im + Or), and oral administration (Or). Safety analysis revealed no adverse effects on tilapia, and the vaccine significantly promoted fish growth and development when administered through Im + Or or Or immunization. Following vaccination, innate immunity parameters including SOD, ACP and CAT activities were all significantly enhanced. Additionally, specific serum IgM antibodies reached their highest level at the 6th week post vaccination. Skin and intestinal mucus IgT antibodies reached peaked at the 6th and 7th week post vaccination, respectively. The relative peak expression values for IL-8, IL-12, MHC-I, MHC-II, IgM, IgT, CD4, CD8, TNFα, IFNγ from Im + Ip group were significantly higher than those in Ip group, Im + Or group and Or group in most cases (p < 0.05). Importantly, the relative protection survival of Im + Ip group was the highest (78.6%), followed by the Ip group (71.4%), the Or group (64.3%) and the Im + Or group (57.1%). In summary, this study encourages further research on multi-channel immunization strategies of other kinds of vaccines in other aquatic economic animals to improve their disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lan Lu
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Jun-Wei Huang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Yong-Xiong Huang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Jia Cai
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Ji-Chang Jian
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang T, Wang Y, Zhang J, Yao Y. Role of trained innate immunity against mucosal cancer. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 64:101387. [PMID: 38364654 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal tissues are frequent targets of both primary and metastatic cancers. This has highlighted the significance of both innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity at mucosal sites. Trained innate immunity (TII) is an emerging concept defined as enhanced reactivity of innate leukocytes long after a previous stimulation that induces prolonged epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic changes. Trained innate leukocytes can respond to heterologous targets due to their lacking of antigen-specificity in most cases. Emerging experimental and clinical data suggest that certain microbes or their products induce TII in mucosal-associated innate leukocytes which endows heterologous anti-tumor innate immunity, in both prophylactic and therapeutic scenarios. In this mini-review, we summarize updated findings on the significance of TII in mucosal cancers. We also attempt to raise a few key questions critical to our further understanding on the roles of TII in mucosal cancers, and to the potential application of TII as anti-cancer strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yushi Yao
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Carlberg C, Velleuer E. Vitamin D and Aging: Central Role of Immunocompetence. Nutrients 2024; 16:398. [PMID: 38337682 PMCID: PMC10857325 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The pro-hormone vitamin D3 is an important modulator of both innate and adaptive immunity since its biologically active metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) regulates via the transcription factor VDR (vitamin D receptor) the epigenome and transcriptome of human immune cells and controls in this way the expression of hundreds of vitamin D target genes. Since the myeloid linage of hematopoiesis is epigenetically programmed by VDR in concert with the pioneer factors PU.1 (purine-rich box 1) and CEBPα (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α), monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells are the most vitamin D-sensitive immune cell types. The central role of the immune system in various aging-related diseases suggests that immunocompetence describes not only the ability of an individual to resist pathogens and parasites but also to contest non-communicative diseases and the process of aging itself. In this review, we argue that the individual-specific responsiveness to vitamin D relates to a person's immunocompetence via the epigenetic programming function of VDR and its ligand 1,25(OH)2D3 during hematopoiesis as well as in the periphery. This may provide a mechanism explaining how vitamin D protects against major common diseases and, in parallel, promotes healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eunike Velleuer
- Department for Cytopathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Department for Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Helios Children’s Hospital, D-47805 Krefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Otarigho B, Butts AF, Aballay A. Neuronal NPR-15 modulates molecular and behavioral immune responses via the amphid sensory neuron-intestinal axis in C. elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.27.550570. [PMID: 37546751 PMCID: PMC10402133 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.550570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The survival of hosts during infections relies on their ability to mount effective molecular and behavioral immune responses. Despite extensive research on these defense strategies in various species, including the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, the neural mechanisms underlying their interaction remain poorly understood. Previous studies have highlighted the role of neural G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in regulating both immunity and pathogen avoidance, which is particularly dependent on aerotaxis. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a screen of mutants in neuropeptide receptor family genes. We found that loss-of-function mutations in npr-15 activated immunity while suppressing pathogen avoidance behavior. Through further analysis, NPR-15 was found to regulate immunity by modulating the activity of key transcription factors, namely GATA/ELT-2 and TFEB/HLH-30. Surprisingly, the lack of pathogen avoidance of npr-15 mutant animals was not influenced by oxygen levels. Moreover, our studies revealed that the amphid sensory neuron ASJ is involved in mediating the immune and behavioral responses orchestrated by NPR-15. Additionally, NPR-15 was found to regulate avoidance behavior via the TRPM gene, GON-2, which may sense the intestinal distension caused by bacterial colonization to elicit pathogen avoidance. Our study contributes to a broader understanding of host defense strategies and mechanisms underlining the interaction between molecular and behavioral immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benson Otarigho
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anna Frances Butts
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ng TH, Harrison MC, Scharsack JP, Kurtz J. Disentangling specific and unspecific components of innate immune memory in a copepod-tapeworm system. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1307477. [PMID: 38348037 PMCID: PMC10859752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1307477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence that the innate immune system can respond with forms of memory upon reinfection has been accumulating over the past few years. These phenomena of "immune priming" in invertebrates, and "trained immunity" in vertebrates, are contrary to previous belief that immune memory and specificity are restricted to the adaptive immune system. However, while trained immunity is usually a response with rather low specificity, immune priming has shown highly specific responses in certain species. To date, it is largely unknown how specificity in innate immune memory can be achieved in response to different parasite types. Here, we revisited a system where an exceptionally high degree of innate immune specificity had been demonstrated for the first time, consisting of the copepod Macrocyclops albidus and its natural parasite, the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus. Using homologous (same family) vs. heterologous (different family) priming-challenge experiments, we first confirm that copepods exposed to the same parasite family benefit from reduced secondary infections. We further focused on exposed-but-not-infected copepods in primary exposure to employ a transcriptomic approach, distinguishing between immunity that was either specific or unspecific regarding the discrimination between tapeworm types. A weighted gene co-expression network (WGCN) revealed differences between specific and unspecific immunity; while both involved histone modification regulation, specific immunity involved gene-splicing factors, whereas unspecific immunity was primarily involved in metabolic shift. We found a functional enrichment in spliceosome in specific immunity, whereas oxidative phosphorylation and carbon metabolism were enriched in unspecific immunity. Our findings allow discrimination of specific and unspecific components of an innate immune memory, based on gene expression networks, and deepen our understanding of basic aspects of immune systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tze Hann Ng
- *Correspondence: Tze Hann Ng, ; Joachim Kurtz,
| | | | | | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gao X, Wang X, Li S, Saif Ur Rahman M, Xu S, Liu Y. Nanovaccines for Advancing Long-Lasting Immunity against Infectious Diseases. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24514-24538. [PMID: 38055649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly life-threatening pathogens such as small pox and influenza, have substantial implications on public health and global economies. Vaccination is a key approach to combat existing and emerging pathogens. Immunological memory is an essential characteristic used to evaluate vaccine efficacy and durability and the basis for the long-term effects of vaccines in protecting against future infections; however, optimizing the potency, improving the quality, and enhancing the durability of immune responses remains challenging and a focus for research involving investigation of nanovaccine technologies. In this review, we describe how nanovaccines can address the challenges for conventional vaccines in stimulating adaptive immune memory responses to protect against reinfection. We discuss protein and nonprotein nanoparticles as useful antigen platforms, including those with highly ordered and repetitive antigen array presentation to enhance immunogenicity through cross-linking with multiple B cell receptors, and with a focus on antigen properties. In addition, we describe how nanoadjuvants can improve immune responses by providing enhanced access to lymph nodes, lymphnode targeting, germinal center retention, and long-lasting immune response generation. Nanotechnology has the advantage to facilitate vaccine induction of long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases, now and in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xinlian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Carriero F, Rubino V, Leone S, Montanaro R, Brancaleone V, Ruggiero G, Terrazzano G. Regulatory T R3-56 Cells in the Complex Panorama of Immune Activation and Regulation. Cells 2023; 12:2841. [PMID: 38132162 PMCID: PMC10742044 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between immune activation and immune regulation is a fundamental aspect of the functional harmony of the immune system. This delicate balance is essential to triggering correct and effective immune responses against pathogens while preventing excessive inflammation and the immunopathogenic mechanisms of autoimmunity. The knowledge of all the mechanisms involved in immune regulation is not yet definitive, and, probably, the overall picture is much broader than what has been described in the scientific literature so far. Given the plasticity of the immune system and the diversity of organisms, it is highly probable that numerous other cells and molecules are still to be ascribed to the immune regulation process. Here, we report a general overview of how immune activation and regulation interact, based on the involvement of molecules and cells specifically dedicated to these processes. In addition, we discuss the role of TR3-56 lymphocytes as a new cellular candidate in the immune regulation landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Carriero
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Stefania Leone
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera A. Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosangela Montanaro
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Brancaleone
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (V.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shimo Y, Cathomas F, Lin HY, Chan KL, Parise LF, Li L, Ferrer-Pérez C, Muhareb S, Costi S, Murrough JW, Russo SJ. Social stress induces autoimmune responses against the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305778120. [PMID: 38011565 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305778120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have revealed a high comorbidity between autoimmune diseases and psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the mechanisms connecting autoimmunity and depression remain unclear. Here, we aim to identify the processes by which stress impacts the adaptive immune system and the implications of such responses to depression. To examine this relationship, we analyzed antibody responses and autoimmunity in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model in mice, and in clinical samples from patients with MDD. We show that socially stressed mice have elevated serum antibody concentrations. We also confirm that social stress leads to the expansion of specific T and B cell populations within the cervical lymph nodes, where brain-derived antigens are preferentially delivered. Sera from stress-susceptible (SUS) mice exhibited high reactivity against brain tissue, and brain-reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels positively correlated with social avoidance behavior. IgG antibody concentrations in the brain were significantly higher in SUS mice than in unstressed mice, and positively correlated with social avoidance. Similarly, in humans, increased peripheral levels of brain-reactive IgG antibodies were associated with increased anhedonia. In vivo assessment of IgG antibodies showed they largely accumulate around blood vessels in the brain only in SUS mice. B cell-depleted mice exhibited stress resilience following CSDS, confirming the contribution of antibody-producing cells to social avoidance behavior. This study provides mechanistic insights connecting stress-induced autoimmune reactions against the brain and stress susceptibility. Therapeutic strategies targeting autoimmune responses might aid in the treatment of patients with MDD featuring immune abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shimo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- The Brain-Body Research Center of the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Flurin Cathomas
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- The Brain-Body Research Center of the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- The Brain-Body Research Center of the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Kenny L Chan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- The Brain-Body Research Center of the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Lyonna F Parise
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- The Brain-Body Research Center of the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Long Li
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- The Brain-Body Research Center of the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Carmen Ferrer-Pérez
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- The Brain-Body Research Center of the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Samer Muhareb
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- The Brain-Body Research Center of the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Sara Costi
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - James W Murrough
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Scott J Russo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- The Brain-Body Research Center of the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi M, Yazdanparast S, Mikanik F, Izadpanah A, Parkhideh S, Shahbaz Ghasabeh A, Roshandel E, Hajifathali A, Gharehbaghian A. Cytokine-Induced Memory-Like NK Cells: Emerging strategy for AML immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115718. [PMID: 37857247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease developed from the malignant expansion of myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The implementation of intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has improved outcomes associated with AML, but relapse, along with suboptimal outcomes, is still a common scenario. In the past few years, exploring new therapeutic strategies to optimize treatment outcomes has occurred rapidly. In this regard, natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy has attracted clinical interest due to its critical role in immunosurveillance and their capabilities to target AML blasts. NK cells are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells that mediate anti-viral and anti-tumor responses by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and directly inducing cytotoxicity. Although NK cells are well known as short-lived innate immune cells with non-specific responses that have limited their clinical applications, the discovery of cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells could overcome these challenges. NK cells pre-activated with the cytokine combination IL-12/15/18 achieved a long-term life span with adaptive immunity characteristics, termed CIML-NK cells. Previous studies documented that using CIML-NK cells in cancer treatment is safe and results in promising outcomes. This review highlights the current application, challenges, and opportunities of CIML-NK cell-based therapy in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yazdanparast
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mikanik
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Izadpanah
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Parkhideh
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Shahbaz Ghasabeh
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Roshandel
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Hajifathali
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
He Y, Taylor RL, Bai H, Ashwell CM, Zhao K, Li Y, Sun G, Zhang H, Song J. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and immunity in chickens that vary in Marek's disease resistance. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103036. [PMID: 37832188 PMCID: PMC10568563 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV), a naturally oncogenic, highly contagious alpha herpesvirus, induces a T cell lymphoma in chickens that causes severe economic loss. Marek's disease (MD) outcome in an individual is attributed to genetic and environmental factors. Further investigation of the host-virus interaction mechanisms that impact MD resistance is needed to achieve greater MD control. This study analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in 2 highly inbred parental lines 63 and 72 and 5 recombinant congenic strains (RCS) C, L, M, N, and X strains from those parents. Lines 63 and 72, are MD resistant and susceptible, respectively, whereas the RCS have different combinations of 87.5% Line 63 and 12.5% Line 72. Our DNA methylation cluster showed a strong association with MD incidence. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the parental lines and the 5 RCS were captured. MD-resistant and MD-susceptible markers of DNA methylation were identified as transgenerational epigenetic inheritable. In addition, the growth of v-src DNA tumors and antibody response against sheep red blood cells differed among the 2 parental lines and the RCS. Overall, our results provide very solid evidence that DNA methylation patterns are transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI) in chickens and also play a vital role in MD tumorigenesis and other immune responses; the specific methylated regions may be important modulators of general immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua He
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822 USA; Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Robert L Taylor
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26508 USA
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Christopher M Ashwell
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26508 USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaokun Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GD 510642, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang W, Wang Y, Yang J, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Yang D. NITR12+ NK Cells Release Perforin to Mediate IgMhi B Cell Killing in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1693-1700. [PMID: 37843506 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes engaged in humoral immunity play a critical role in combating pathogenic infections; however, the mechanisms of NK cells in regulating the responses of B cells remain largely unknown. In the present study, we established an Edwardsiella piscicida infection model in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and found that the production of IgM was decreased. Meanwhile, through establishing the head kidney-derived lymphocyte infection model, we revealed that the impairment of IgMhi B cells was associated with bacterial infection-induced perforin production. Interestingly, we reveal that perforin production in NK cells is tightly regulated by an inhibitory novel immune-type receptor, NITR12. Moreover, we confirm that inhibiting NITR12 can result in elevated perforin production, engaging the impairment of IgMhi B cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an innovative strategy of NK cells in mediating B lymphocyte killing in turbot and suggest that relieving NK cells through NITR12 might be the target for the development of efficacious vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang S, Li X, Cang W, Mu D, Ji S, An Y, Wu R, Wu J. Biofilm tolerance, resistance and infections increasing threat of public health. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:233-247. [PMID: 37933277 PMCID: PMC10625689 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.11.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms can cause chronic infection. In the clinical setting, the biofilm-related infections usually persist and reoccur; the main reason is the increased antibiotic resistance of biofilms. Traditional antibiotic therapy is not effective and might increase the threat of antibiotic resistance to public health. Therefore, it is urgent to study the tolerance and resistance mechanism of biofilms to antibiotics and find effective therapies for biofilm-related infections. The tolerance mechanism and host reaction of biofilm to antibiotics are reviewed, and bacterial biofilm related diseases formed by human pathogens are discussed thoroughly. The review also explored the role of biofilms in the development of bacterial resistance mechanisms and proposed therapeutic intervention strategies for biofilm related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Xinfei Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Weihe Cang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Delun Mu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Shuaiqi Ji
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Yuejia An
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lu Y, Ye Z, Liu X, Zhou L, Ding X, Hou Y. Role of SARS‑CoV‑2 nucleocapsid protein in affecting immune cells and insights on its molecular mechanisms. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:504. [PMID: 37822585 PMCID: PMC10562965 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the immune regulatory function of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) protein and related mechanisms. In a series of protein activity experiments, SARS-CoV-2 N protein promoted proliferation of three immune cell lines: mouse Raw264.7, human Jurkat and human Raji in a dose-dependent manner. A total of 10 µg/ml N protein could significantly change cell cycle progression of the aforementioned three immune cell lines and could promote quick entry of Raw264.7 cells into G2/M phase from S phase to achieve rapid growth. Additionally, the N protein could also stimulate Raw264.7 cells to secrete a number of proinflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that the N protein changed the expression of certain genes involved in immune-related functions and four important signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT, TNF, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, which suggested that the N protein may not only regulate the expression of genes involved in the process of resisting viral infection in macrophages of the immune system, but also change cellular signal processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, P.R. China
| | - Xinlan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanchong City of Ecological Environment Protection and Pollution Prevention in Jialing River Basin, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, P.R. China
| | - Liqian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Nanchong City of Ecological Environment Protection and Pollution Prevention in Jialing River Basin, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, P.R. China
| | - Yiling Hou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a spectrum of disease, which is characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation. Monogenic mutations driving IBD pathogenesis are more highly represented in early-onset compared to adult-onset disease. The pathogenic genes which dysregulate host immune responses in monogenic IBD affect both the innate (ie, intestinal barrier, phagocytes) and adaptive immune systems (ie, T cells, B cells). Advanced genomic and targeted functional testing can improve clinical decision making and present increased opportunities for precision medicine approaches in this important patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiye Olcay Bilgic Dagci
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Michigan, C.S Mott Children's Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive Medical Professional Building Floor 2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5718, USA.
| | - Kelly Colleen Cushing
- Division of Gastroenterology, U-M Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, University of Michigan, 3912 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5362, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5362, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang X, Zhou L. The multifaceted role of macrophages in homeostatic and injured skeletal muscle. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274816. [PMID: 37954602 PMCID: PMC10634307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is essential for body physical activity, energy metabolism, and temperature maintenance. It has excellent capabilities to maintain homeostasis and to regenerate after injury, which indispensably relies on muscle stem cells, satellite cells (MuSCs). The quiescence, activation, and differentiation of MuSCs are tightly regulated in homeostatic and regenerating muscles. Among the important regulators are intramuscular macrophages, which are functionally heterogeneous with different subtypes present in a spatiotemporal manner to regulate the balance of different MuSC statuses. During chronic injury and aging, intramuscular macrophages often undergo aberrant activation, which in turn disrupts muscle homeostasis and regenerative repair. Growing evidence suggests that the aberrant activation is mainly triggered by altered muscle microenvironment. The trained immunity that affects myeloid progenitors during hematopoiesis may also contribute. Aged immune system may contribute, in part, to the aging-related sarcopenia and compromised skeletal muscle injury repair. As macrophages are actively involved in the progression of many muscle diseases, manipulating their functional activation has become a promising therapeutic approach, which requires comprehensive knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the diverse activation. To this end, we discuss here the current knowledge of multifaceted role of macrophages in skeletal muscle homeostasis, injury, and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Read JF, Serralha M, Armitage JD, Iqbal MM, Cruickshank MN, Saxena A, Strickland DH, Waithman J, Holt PG, Bosco A. Single cell transcriptomics reveals cell type specific features of developmentally regulated responses to lipopolysaccharide between birth and 5 years. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275937. [PMID: 37920467 PMCID: PMC10619903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human perinatal life is characterized by a period of extraordinary change during which newborns encounter abundant environmental stimuli and exposure to potential pathogens. To meet such challenges, the neonatal immune system is equipped with unique functional characteristics that adapt to changing conditions as development progresses across the early years of life, but the molecular characteristics of such adaptations remain poorly understood. The application of single cell genomics to birth cohorts provides an opportunity to investigate changes in gene expression programs elicited downstream of innate immune activation across early life at unprecedented resolution. Methods In this study, we performed single cell RNA-sequencing of mononuclear cells collected from matched birth cord blood and 5-year peripheral blood samples following stimulation (18hrs) with two well-characterized innate stimuli; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)). Results We found that the transcriptional response to LPS was constrained at birth and predominantly partitioned into classical proinflammatory gene upregulation primarily by monocytes and Interferon (IFN)-signaling gene upregulation by lymphocytes. Moreover, these responses featured substantial cell-to-cell communication which appeared markedly strengthened between birth and 5 years. In contrast, stimulation with Poly(I:C) induced a robust IFN-signalling response across all cell types identified at birth and 5 years. Analysis of gene regulatory networks revealed IRF1 and STAT1 were key drivers of the LPS-induced IFN-signaling response in lymphocytes with a potential developmental role for IRF7 regulation. Conclusion Additionally, we observed distinct activation trajectory endpoints for monocytes derived from LPS-treated cord and 5-year blood, which was not apparent among Poly(I:C)-induced monocytes. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into the gene regulatory landscape of immune cell function between birth and 5 years and point to regulatory mechanisms relevant to future investigation of infection susceptibility in early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F. Read
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Serralha
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jesse D. Armitage
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Muhammad Munir Iqbal
- Genomics WA, Joint Initiative of Telethon Kids Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Mark N. Cruickshank
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alka Saxena
- Genomics WA, Joint Initiative of Telethon Kids Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Deborah H. Strickland
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick G. Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bauer AN, Majumdar N, Williams F, Rajput S, Pokhrel LR, Cook PP, Akula SM. MicroRNAs: Small but Key Players in Viral Infections and Immune Responses to Viral Pathogens. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1334. [PMID: 37887044 PMCID: PMC10604607 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in C. elegans in 1993, the field of miRNA research has grown steeply. These single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules canonically work at the post-transcriptional phase to regulate protein expression. miRNAs are known to regulate viral infection and the ensuing host immune response. Evolving research suggests miRNAs are assets in the discovery and investigation of therapeutics and diagnostics. In this review, we succinctly summarize the latest findings in (i) mechanisms underpinning miRNA regulation of viral infection, (ii) miRNA regulation of host immune response to viral pathogens, (iii) miRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics targeting viral pathogens and challenges, and (iv) miRNA patents and the market landscape. Our findings show the differential expression of miRNA may serve as a prognostic biomarker for viral infections in regard to predicting the severity or adverse health effects associated with viral diseases. While there is huge market potential for miRNA technology, the novel approach of using miRNA mimics to enhance antiviral activity or antagonists to inhibit pro-viral miRNAs has been an ongoing research endeavor. Significant hurdles remain in terms of miRNA delivery, stability, efficacy, safety/tolerability, and specificity. Addressing these challenges may pave a path for harnessing the full potential of miRNAs in modern medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anais N. Bauer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Niska Majumdar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Frank Williams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Smit Rajput
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Lok R. Pokhrel
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Paul P. Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Shaw M. Akula
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Khadri L, Ziraksaz MH, Barekzai AB, Ghauri B. T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 202:183-217. [PMID: 38237986 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of T cell responses in COVID-19, focusing on T cell differentiation, specificity, and functional characteristics during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The differentiation of T cells in COVID-19 is explored, highlighting the key factors that influence T cell fate and effector functions. The immunology of the spike protein, a critical component of SARS-CoV-2, is discussed in detail, emphasizing its role in driving T-cell responses. The cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 during acute infection are examined, including the specificity, phenotype, and functional attributes of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses. Furthermore, the chapter explores T-cell cross-recognition against other human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and the mechanisms of immune regulation mediated by spike proteins. This includes the induction of regulation through the innate immune system, the activation of self-spike protein-cross-reactive regulatory T cells, and the impact of self-tolerance on the regulation of spike proteins. The chapter investigates T cell responses to self-spike proteins and their implications in disease. The role of spike proteins as immunological targets in the context of COVID-19 is examined, shedding light on potential therapeutic interventions and clinical trials in autoimmune diseases. In conclusion, this chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of T cell responses in COVID-19, highlighting their differentiation, immune regulation, and clinical implications. This knowledge contributes to the development of targeted immunotherapies, vaccine strategies, and diagnostic approaches for COVID-19 and other related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laiqha Khadri
- Department of Biotechnology, Immune Inspired, Bangalore.
| | | | | | - Baber Ghauri
- Department of Biotechnology, Immune Inspired, Bangalore
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhu J, Liu J, Yan C, Wang D, Pan W. Trained immunity: a cutting edge approach for designing novel vaccines against parasitic diseases? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1252554. [PMID: 37868995 PMCID: PMC10587610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1252554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The preventive situation of parasitosis, a global public health burden especially for developing countries, is not looking that good. Similar to other infections, vaccines would be the best choice for preventing and controlling parasitic infection. However, ideal antigenic molecules for vaccine development have not been identified so far, resulting from the complicated life history and enormous genomes of the parasites. Furthermore, the suppression or down-regulation of anti-infectious immunity mediated by the parasites or their derived molecules can compromise the effect of parasitic vaccines. Comparing the early immune profiles of several parasites in the permissive and non-permissive hosts, a robust innate immune response is proposed to be a critical event to eliminate the parasites. Therefore, enhancing innate immunity may be essential for designing novel and effective parasitic vaccines. The newly emerging trained immunity (also termed innate immune memory) has been increasingly recognized to provide a novel perspective for vaccine development targeting innate immunity. This article reviews the current status of parasitic vaccines and anti-infectious immunity, as well as the conception, characteristics, and mechanisms of trained immunity and its research progress in Parasitology, highlighting the possible consideration of trained immunity in designing novel vaccines against parasitic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dahui Wang
- Liangshan College (Li Shui) China, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Carlson KB, Nguyen C, Wcisel DJ, Yoder JA, Dornburg A. Ancient fish lineages illuminate toll-like receptor diversification in early vertebrate evolution. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:465-478. [PMID: 37555888 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-023-01315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Since its initial discovery over 50 years ago, understanding the evolution of the vertebrate RAG- mediated adaptive immune response has been a major area of research focus for comparative geneticists. However, how the evolutionary novelty of an adaptive immune response impacted the diversity of receptors associated with the innate immune response has received considerably less attention until recently. Here, we investigate the diversification of vertebrate toll-like receptors (TLRs), one of the most ancient and well conserved innate immune receptor families found across the Tree of Life, integrating genomic data that represent all major vertebrate lineages with new transcriptomic data from Polypteriformes, the earliest diverging ray-finned fish lineage. Our analyses reveal TLR sequences that reflect the 6 major TLR subfamilies, TLR1, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR11, and also currently unnamed, yet phylogenetically distinct TLR clades. We additionally recover evidence for a pulse of gene gain coincident with the rise of the RAG-mediated adaptive immune response in jawed vertebrates, followed by a period of rapid gene loss during the Cretaceous. These gene losses are primarily concentrated in marine teleost fish and synchronous with the mid Cretaceous anoxic event, a period of rapid extinction for marine species. Finally, we reveal a mismatch between phylogenetic placement and gene nomenclature for up to 50% of TLRs found in clades such as ray-finned fishes, cyclostomes, amphibians, and elasmobranchs. Collectively, these results provide an unparalleled perspective of TLR diversity and offer a ready framework for testing gene annotations in non-model species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara B Carlson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Academy, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Cameron Nguyen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Dustin J Wcisel
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Academy, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Forlani G, Shallak M, Gatta A, Shaik AKB, Accolla RS. The NLR member CIITA: Master controller of adaptive and intrinsic immunity and unexpected tool in cancer immunotherapy. Biomed J 2023; 46:100631. [PMID: 37467968 PMCID: PMC10505679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLR) include a large family of proteins that have important functions in basic physio-pathological processes like inflammation, cell death and regulation of transcription of key molecules for the homeostasis of the immune system. They are all characterized by a common backbone structure (the STAND ATPase module consisting in a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), an helical domain 1 (HD1) and a winged helix domain (WHD), used by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes as defense mechanism. In this review, we will focus on the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA), the master regulator of MHC class II (MHC-II) gene expression and the founding member of NLR. Although a consistent part of the described NLR family components is often recalled as innate or intrinsic immune sensors, CIITA in fact occupies a special place as a unique example of regulator of both intrinsic and adaptive immunity. The description of the discovery of CIITA and the genetic and molecular characterization of its expression will be followed by the most recent studies that have unveiled this dual role of CIITA, key molecule in intrinsic immunity as restriction factor for human retroviruses and precious tool to induce the expression of MHC-II molecules in cancer cells, rendering them potent surrogate antigen presenting cells (APC) for their own tumor antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Forlani
- Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Mariam Shallak
- Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Andrea Gatta
- Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Amruth K B Shaik
- Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto S Accolla
- Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang B, Zhu L, Jia B, Zhao C, Zhang J, Li F, Li J, Ding N, Zhang C, Hao Y, Tong S, Wang J, Li G, Fan Y, Zhang H, Li R, Du J, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Han J, Yu Z, Du Z, Zheng H, Kosan C, Li A, Chen C, Ma Y, Zeng H. Sepsis induces non-classic innate immune memory in granulocytes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113044. [PMID: 37643085 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary infection in patients with sepsis triggers a new wave of inflammatory response, which aggravates organ injury and increases mortality. Trained immunity boosts a potent and nonspecific response to the secondary challenge and has been considered beneficial for the host. Here, using a murine model of polymicrobial infection, we find that the primary infection reprograms granulocytes to boost enhanced inflammatory responses to the secondary infection, including the excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, respiratory burst, and augmented phagocytosis capacity. However, these reprogramed granulocytes exhibit "non-classic" characteristics of innate immune memory. Two mechanisms are independently involved in the innate immune memory of granulocytes: a metabolic shift in favor of glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis and chromatin remodeling leading to the transcriptional inactivity of genes encoding inhibitors of TLR4-initiated signaling pathways. Counteracting the deleterious effects of stressed granulocytes on anti-infection immunity might provide a strategy to fight secondary infections during sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Liuluan Zhu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shuai Tong
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Henghui Zhang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yaxian Kong
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Junyan Han
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Zhengya Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Zhongtao Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Christian Kosan
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich- Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ang Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yaluan Ma
- The Institute of Basic Medical Theory of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ferrazzo F, Leto S, Malara N. The 1926 novel, "One, no one, one hundred thousand", metaphorizes the potential danger when the immune system is exposed to a repetitive antigen stimulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254853. [PMID: 37771583 PMCID: PMC10524273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the worldwide scenario of infection prevention and control, the vaccine strategies are destined to increase rapidly. The availability of numerous vaccination options allows you to plan individually on how to boost your immune system. The immune system is a highly plastic cognitive dynamic network and performs its function by recognition of the uniqueness of the organism defined as self. The identification and attack of non-self antigens contribute to improving the strategies of self/non-self discrimination. However, repetitive antigen stimulation of the immune system may lead to several outcomes reassumed in three principal risks: (i) loss of the unique self codification (one), (ii) loss of own identifying (no one), and (iii) the increase of idiotype/anti-idiotype entities (one hundred thousand). Controlled production of idiotype/anti-idiotype antibodies protects against autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency. The title of the famous novel by Nobel Prize for Literature winner Luigi Pirandello, "One, no one, one hundred thousand", recaps the three risks and the protagonist's journey exploring the complexities of personal identity, and warns to preserve the uniqueness of the organism. Taking inspiration from this metaphor, the authors propose to monitor antibody idiotype response for personalizing vaccine plans with the aim of preserving the uniqueness of the immune system and assuring safe protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rook GAW. The old friends hypothesis: evolution, immunoregulation and essential microbial inputs. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1220481. [PMID: 37772259 PMCID: PMC10524266 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1220481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In wealthy urbanised societies there have been striking increases in chronic inflammatory disorders such as allergies, autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel diseases. There has also been an increase in the prevalence of individuals with systemically raised levels of inflammatory biomarkers correlating with increased risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and psychiatric problems. These changing disease patterns indicate a broad failure of the mechanisms that should stop the immune system from attacking harmless allergens, components of self or gut contents, and that should terminate inappropriate inflammation. The Old Friends Hypothesis postulates that this broad failure of immunoregulation is due to inadequate exposures to the microorganisms that drive development of the immune system, and drive the expansion of components such as regulatory T cells (Treg) that mediate immunoregulatory mechanisms. An evolutionary approach helps us to identify the organisms on which we are in a state of evolved dependence for this function (Old Friends). The bottom line is that most of the organisms that drive the regulatory arm of the immune system come from our mothers and family and from the natural environment (including animals) and many of these organisms are symbiotic components of a healthy microbiota. Lifestyle changes that are interrupting our exposure to these organisms can now be identified, and many are closely associated with low socioeconomic status (SES) in wealthy countries. These insights will facilitate the development of education, diets and urban planning that can correct the immunoregulatory deficit, while simultaneously reducing other contributory factors such as epithelial damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham A. W. Rook
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infection, UCL (University College London), London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhao M, Lin Z, Zheng Z, Yao D, Yang S, Zhao Y, Chen X, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. The mechanisms and factors that induce trained immunity in arthropods and mollusks. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241934. [PMID: 37744346 PMCID: PMC10513178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides dividing the organism's immune system into adaptive and innate immunity, it has long been thought that only adaptive immunity can establish immune memory. However, many studies have shown that innate immunity can also build immunological memory through epigenetic reprogramming and modifications to resist pathogens' reinfection, known as trained immunity. This paper reviews the role of mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic modifications and describes the molecular foundation in the trained immunity of arthropods and mollusks. Mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic modifications complement each other and play a key role in trained immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhongyang Lin
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shen Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lin X, Li Z, Gong G, Wang H, Fang X, Mor G, Liao A. The immune checkpoint protein PD-1: Its emerging regulatory role in memory T cells. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 159:104130. [PMID: 37591180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Immunological memory helps the body rapidly develop immune defense when it re-encounters a bacterial or viral strain or encounters a similar mutation in healthy cells. The immune checkpoint molecule programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) influences memory T cell differentiation. However, the mechanism by which PD-1 regulates the development and maintenance of memory T cells and its impact on memory T cells function remain unclear. In this review, we first discuss the structure and function of PD-1 and then summarize the roles of PD-1 as a marker of tumor memory T cells and in tumor immunotherapy. We also discuss the potential mechanisms through which PD-1 regulates memory T cells development and maintenance during immune diseases such as viral infection-mediated diseases, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis, and list the effects of PD-1 on memory T cells in pregnancy and their function in maternal-fetal immune balance. A complete understanding of how PD-1 influences the development, maintenance, and function of memory T cells will provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of immune-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Lin
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhijing Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guangshun Gong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xuhui Fang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Gil Mor
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Roca Suarez AA, Planel S, Grand X, Couturier C, Tran T, Porcheray F, Becker J, Reynier F, Delgado A, Cascales E, Peyrot L, Tamellini A, Saliou A, Elie C, Baum C, Vuong BQ, Testoni B, Roques P, Zoulim F, Hasan U, Chemin I. Interspecies comparison of the early transcriptomic changes associated with hepatitis B virus exposure in human and macaque immune cell populations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1248782. [PMID: 37727809 PMCID: PMC10505653 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1248782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 300 million individuals worldwide, representing a major factor for the development of hepatic complications. Although existing antivirals are effective in suppressing replication, eradication of HBV is not achieved. Therefore, a multi-faceted approach involving antivirals and immunomodulatory agents is required. Non-human primates are widely used in pre-clinical studies due to their close evolutionary relationship to humans. Nonetheless, it is fundamental to identify the differences in immune response between humans and these models. Thus, we performed a transcriptomic characterization and interspecies comparison of the early immune responses to HBV in human and cynomolgus macaques. Methods We characterized early transcriptomic changes in human and cynomolgus B cells, T cells, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) exposed to HBV ex vivo for 2 hours. Differentially-expressed genes were further compared to the profiles of HBV-infected patients using publicly-available single-cell data. Results HBV induced a wide variety of transcriptional changes in all cell types, with common genes between species representing only a small proportion. In particular, interferon gamma signaling was repressed in human pDCs. At the gene level, interferon gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) was upregulated in macaque pDCs, while downregulated in humans. Moreover, IFI16 expression in pDCs from chronic HBV-infected patients anti-paralleled serum HBsAg levels. Conclusion Our characterization of early transcriptomic changes induced by HBV in humans and cynomolgus macaques represents a useful resource for the identification of shared and divergent host responses, as well as potential immune targets against HBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Andres Roca Suarez
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- University of Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard (UCBL), Lyon, France
- Hepatology Institute of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Xavier Grand
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- University of Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard (UCBL), Lyon, France
- Hepatology Institute of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Trang Tran
- BIOASTER, Institut de Recherche Technologique, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jérémie Becker
- BIOASTER, Institut de Recherche Technologique, Lyon, France
| | | | - Ana Delgado
- BIOASTER, Institut de Recherche Technologique, Lyon, France
| | | | - Loïc Peyrot
- BIOASTER, Institut de Recherche Technologique, Lyon, France
| | | | - Adrien Saliou
- BIOASTER, Institut de Recherche Technologique, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Elie
- BIOASTER, Institut de Recherche Technologique, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Baum
- BIOASTER, Institut de Recherche Technologique, Lyon, France
| | - Bao Quoc Vuong
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
- The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Barbara Testoni
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- University of Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard (UCBL), Lyon, France
- Hepatology Institute of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Roques
- CEA, Institut François Jacob, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Inserm, U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses and Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- University of Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard (UCBL), Lyon, France
- Hepatology Institute of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Hepatology, Croix Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Uzma Hasan
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- INSERM U1111, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Chemin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- University of Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard (UCBL), Lyon, France
- Hepatology Institute of Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hajishengallis G, Netea MG, Chavakis T. Innate immune memory, trained immunity and nomenclature clarification. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1393-1394. [PMID: 37620602 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Science Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yousefi P, Gholami A, Mehrjo M, Razizadeh MH, Akhavan M, Karampoor S, Tabibzadeh A. The role of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in viral infections: Mechanisms and implications. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154783. [PMID: 37660656 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections pose significant threats to human health, causing various diseases with varying severity. The intricate interactions between viruses and host cells determine the outcome of infection, including viral replication, immune responses, and disease progression. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a potent antiviral molecule. In recent years, increasing evidence has highlighted the critical involvement of CH25H in modulating immune responses and influencing viral infections. Notably, the review discusses the implications of CH25H in viral pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies. It examines the interplay between CH25H and viral immune evasion mechanisms, highlighting the potential of viral antagonism of CH25H to enhance viral replication and pathogenesis. Furthermore, it explores the therapeutic potential of targeting CH25H or modulating its downstream signaling pathways as a strategy to control viral infections and enhance antiviral immune responses. This comprehensive review demonstrates the crucial role of CH25H in viral infections, shedding light on its mechanisms of action in viral entry, replication, and immune modulation. Understanding the complex interplay between CH25H and viral infections may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches and the development of antiviral strategies aimed at exploiting the antiviral properties of CH25H and enhancing host immune responses against viral pathogens. In the current review, we tried to provide an overview of the antiviral activity and importance of CH25H in viral pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Yousefi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Mandana Akhavan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Tabibzadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang L, Lu S, Guo Y, Liu J, Wu P, Yang S. Comparative study of diagnostic efficacy of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens in community-acquired pneumonia children treated with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:565. [PMID: 37644391 PMCID: PMC10466683 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is usually diagnosed in children, and the type of respiratory specimen is critical. Differences in pathogens detection between induced sputum (IS) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) have not been evaluated. METHODS In 2018, paired sputum and BALF samples from CAP hospitalised children with indications for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were subjected to multiplex PCR for the detection of 11 common respiratory pathogens. RESULTS A total of 142 children with paired sputum and BALF were tested. The overall positivity rate was 85.9% (122/142) for sputum and 80.3% (114/142) for BALF. The two specimens presented almost perfect agreement between the detection on M. pneumoniae, influenza A, influenza B, bocavirus and RSV. In contrast, adenovirus had the lowest kappa value of 0.156, and a false negative rate (FNR) of 66.7%. Rhinovirus had the highest false positive rate (FPR) as 18.5%. The consistent rate was significantly higher in school-age children than those under 1 year old (p = .005). Bacterial co-infection in BALF specimens were observed in 14.8% (21/142). Of the 11 discordant pairs of specimens, 9 cases were sputum(+)/BALF(-) with adenovirus predominating. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the consistency of results between sputum and BALF is pathogen specific. Careful consideration needs to be given to whether sputum can be used as a substitute for BALF when children are young or co-infections with bacteria are suspected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, 133 Zhonghua South Street, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Sukun Lu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, 133 Zhonghua South Street, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, 133 Zhonghua South Street, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, 133 Zhonghua South Street, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, 133 Zhonghua South Street, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, 133 Zhonghua South Street, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Aboderin FI, Oduola T, Davison GM, Oguntibeju OO. A Review of the Relationship between the Immune Response, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and the Pathogenesis of Sickle Cell Anaemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2413. [PMID: 37760854 PMCID: PMC10525295 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell anaemia (SCD) is a life-threatening haematological disorder which is predominant in sub-Saharan Africa and is triggered by a genetic mutation of the β-chain haemoglobin gene resulting in the substitution of glutamic acid with valine. This mutation leads to the production of an abnormal haemoglobin molecule called haemoglobin S (HbS). When deoxygenated, haemoglobin S (HbS) polymerises and results in a sickle-shaped red blood cell which is rigid and has a significantly shortened life span. Various reports have shown a strong link between oxidative stress, inflammation, the immune response, and the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease. The consequence of these processes leads to the development of vasculopathy (disease of the blood vessels) and several other complications. The role of the immune system, particularly the innate immune system, in the pathogenesis of SCD has become increasingly clear in recent years of research; however, little is known about the roles of the adaptive immune system in this disease. This review examines the interaction between the immune system, inflammation, oxidative stress, blood transfusion, and their effects on the pathogenesis of sickle cell anaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Ifechukwude Aboderin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Taofeeq Oduola
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840004, Nigeria;
| | - Glenda Mary Davison
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|