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Yuan X, Kim CJ, Noh HH. An LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of 380 Pesticides in Soybeans, Kidney Beans, Black Soybeans, and Mung Beans: The Effect of Bean Grinding on Incurred Residues and Partitioning. Foods 2023; 12:4477. [PMID: 38137280 PMCID: PMC10742660 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of sample grinding is frequently disregarded during the development of analytical methods, which are often validated with spiked samples that may not accurately reflect incurred residues. This study investigated the particle size of ground beans as a key factor in optimizing extraction efficiency in order to develop a simple quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based modified method for identifying 380 pesticides in beans using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The efficacy of pesticide extraction was found to be significantly affected by particle size. With small particle sizes (>40 mesh), no supernatant was recovered after QuEChERS partitioning. Therefore, a simple modification was performed before partitioning. The modified method was validated for selective extraction of pesticides, limits of quantification, linearity, accuracy, and precision. This method is simple to implement and, therefore, useful for the analysis of pesticide residues in beans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyun Ho Noh
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (X.Y.); (C.J.K.)
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Nia NN, Hadjmohammadi MR. Preparation of Ferrofluid from Adipic Acid Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles and Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent Used in Dispersive Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction: Application for the Pre-Concentration and Determination of Clozapine in Biological Samples. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:569-578. [PMID: 36461781 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is the preparation of a novel magnetic ferrofluid (FF) based on a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES), which is used for the extraction of trace quantities of clozapine from biological samples. For this purpose, a highly stable FF was prepared through the combination of adipic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) plus tetraethylammonium chloride/thymol hDES without an additional stabilizer. These solvents were synthesized by the available and less-toxic materials, which is the appropriate option to support the solvents for the preparation of FF. In this study, a water-immiscible DES acts simultaneously as a carrier and stabilizer for the MNPs. In addition, the strong interactions between clozapine and magnetic FF could increase the extraction efficiency. The fractional factorial design was used for screening the experimental parameters. Then, the effective factors were optimized using the Box-Behnken design. The optimum extraction conditions were the following: pH of the sample solution: 8, the volume of the desorption solvent: 200 μL and desorption time: 5 min. Moreover, the suggested method exhibited low limits of detection in the range of 2.8-3.1 μg L-1. The linear range was 10.0-500.0 μg L-1 for human plasma and urine samples with acceptable recoveries greater than 91.4%. In addition, the proposed method is convenient, sensitive, effective, rapid and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Nooraee Nia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, NirooHavayii Boulevard, 47416-95447 Babolsar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hadjmohammadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, NirooHavayii Boulevard, 47416-95447 Babolsar, Iran
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Manzano Sánchez L, Jesús F, Ferrer C, Gómez-Ramos MM, Fernández-Alba A. Evaluation of automated clean-up for large scope pesticide multiresidue analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1694:463906. [PMID: 36907077 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Clean-up step is essential during the multiresidue sample preparation process to remove undesired matrix components that may cause analytical interferences or suppression effect. However, its application generally by specific sorbents entails time-consuming work producing low recoveries for some compounds. Moreover, it usually needs to be adapted to the different co-extractives from the matrix present in the samples by using different chemical sorbents increasing the number of validation procedures. Therefore, the development of a more efficient and automated and unified clean-up procedure means a significant time reduction and laboratory work with improved performance. In this study, extracts from different matrices (tomato, orange, rice, avocado and black tea) were purified by manual dispersive clean-up (different procedures according to the matrix group) in parallel with an automated µSPE clean-up workflow, in both cases based on QuEChERS extraction. The latter procedure employed clean-up cartridges containing a mixture of sorbent materials (anhydrous MgSO4/PSA/C18/CarbonX) suitable for multiple matrices. All the samples were analysed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and the results obtained from both procedures have been compared in terms of the extract cleanness, performance, interferences, and sample workflow. At the levels studied, similar recoveries were achieved by both techniques (manual and automated) except for reactive compounds when PSA was used as the sorbent material producing low recoveries. However, the µSPE recoveries were between 70-120%. Furthermore, closer calibration line slopes were provided when µSPE was applied to the different matrix groups studied. It is important to note that up to 30% more samples per day can be analysed using an automated µSPE compared to the manual method (which requires shaking, centrifuging, then taking the supernatant and adding formic acid in ACN); it also provides good repeatability - an RSD (%) < 10%. Consequently, this technique is a very useful option for routine analyses, greatly simplifying the work of muti-residue methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Manzano Sánchez
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits & Vegetables. Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3). Ctra. Sacramento S/N˚, University of Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almeria 04120, Spain
| | - Florencia Jesús
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits & Vegetables. Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3). Ctra. Sacramento S/N˚, University of Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almeria 04120, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferrer
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits & Vegetables. Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3). Ctra. Sacramento S/N˚, University of Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almeria 04120, Spain
| | - M Mar Gómez-Ramos
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits & Vegetables. Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3). Ctra. Sacramento S/N˚, University of Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almeria 04120, Spain
| | - Amadeo Fernández-Alba
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits & Vegetables. Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3). Ctra. Sacramento S/N˚, University of Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almeria 04120, Spain.
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Selim MT, Almutari MM, Shehab HI, EL-Saeid MH. Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues by GC-MSMS and UPLC-MSMS in Edible Vegetables. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031343. [PMID: 36771010 PMCID: PMC9921447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase related to pesticide residues in foods, which may increase the risks to the consumer of these foods with the different quality and concentrations of pesticide residues. Pesticides are used for controlling pests that reduce yields. On the other hand, it has become a major public health concern due to its toxic properties. Thus, the objective of the current study employed the application of Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe (QuEChERS) method, in combination with gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric detection (GCMSMS, LCMSMS) in order to determine 137 pesticide residues (63 insecticides, 41 acaricides, 40 herbicide, 55 fungicide, nematicide, growth regulator, Chitin synthesis inhibitors, and Juvenile hormone mimics), in 801 vegetables such as 139 tomatoes, 185 peppers, 217 squash, 94 eggplants, and 166 cucumbers from different locations in Hail and Riyadh cities. The results showed that the majority of pesticide residues were detected for each of the following pesticides: acetaimpride, metalaxyl, imidaclopride, bifenthrin, pyridaben, difenoconazole, and azoxystrobien, which were repeated in the samples studied 39, 21, 11, 10, 8, 7, and 5, respectively. In addition, results observed that the tomato was the most contaminated with pesticide residues; it was contaminated with 19 compounds and was followed by pepper, cucumber, and squash, and the last commodity in the contaminated ranking was eggplant. The highest calculated estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were recorded for tomatoes which were estimated between 0.013 to 0.516 mg/kg of body weight per day (bw/day) while the lowest EDIs value was between 0.000002 to 0.0005 mg/kg of bw/day for cucumber. Results indicated that the EDIs values were lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI) values. Results observed that the most of pesticide residues exposure in food consumption in Saudi Arabia were lower than ADIs. In addition, the highest value for health risk index (HRI) was recorded with Ethion residue in tomato, but in sweet pepper, the highest value for HRI was 127.5 in the form of fipronil residue. On the other hand, results found that the highest values of HRI were 1.54, 1.61, and 0.047 for difenoconazole, bifenthrin, and pyridaben residues in squash, eggplant, and cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. Selim
- Institute of Research and Consultancy, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Almutari
- National Agriculture & Animal Resources Research Center, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Resource, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Food and Environmental Research Center in Unayzah, Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, Unayzah 51911, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan I. Shehab
- Food and Environmental Research Center in Unayzah, Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, Unayzah 51911, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. EL-Saeid
- Chromatographic Analysis Unit, Soil Science Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Mujahid M, Latif S, Ahmed M, Shehzadi W, Imran M, Ahmad M, Asari A, Jehangir M, Mahmud Z. Modified matrix solid phase dispersion-HPLC method for determination of pesticide residue in vegetables and their impact on human health: A risk assessment. Front Chem 2022; 10:1084350. [PMID: 36569961 PMCID: PMC9772880 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1084350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of pesticides is unavoidable in agricultural practices. This class of chemicals is highly toxic for the environment as well as for humans. The present work was carried out to assess the presence of some pesticides (diafenthiuron, lufenuron, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, and chlorothalonil) residues in five of the very commonly used vegetables (eggplant, capsicum, apple gourd, cauliflower, and sponge gourd). Matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) technique was used to extract the pesticides and subsequently their quantification was performed through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) detector. The elution was accomplished at wavelength of 254 nm by injecting 20 µL of standards or samples into chromatographic system. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (80:20 v/v), where the flow rate was adjusted at 1.0 ml/min. The linearity was good (R 2 ≥ 0.994) over a concentration range from 20 to 100 μg/ml for the investigated pesticides. The low detection limits showed a quite appreciable potential of the method to detect (1.12-1.61 μg/L) and quantify (3.73-5.36 μg/ml) the pesticides under study. The accuracy was demonstrated in terms of percent recovery which ranged between 88.5% and 116.9% for all the pesticides under investigation. These results justify the suitability of the technique for the intended purpose. The concentration of difenoconazole in apple gourd (20.97 mg/kg), cauliflower (10.28 mg/kg), and sponge gourd (40.32 mg/kg) whereas diafenthiuron in cauliflower (0.66 mg/kg) exceeded the maximum residue level (MRLs) as defined by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Target hazard quotient (THQ) values of difenoconazole and diafenthiuron (except for adults) were more than one which indicates the significant effect on human health on consumption of apple gourd, cauliflower, and sponge gourd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majida Mujahid
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shoomaila Latif
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Shoomaila Latif, ; Mahmood Ahmed,
| | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Shoomaila Latif, ; Mahmood Ahmed,
| | - Warda Shehzadi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asnuzilawati Asari
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Jehangir
- Novamed Pharmaceuticals (Pvt) Limited, Lahore, Pakistan,The Department of Chemistry, FC College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaid Mahmud
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sharma N, Mandal K, Sharma S. Dissipation and risk assessment of fluopyram and trifloxystrobin on onion by GC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80612-80623. [PMID: 35723826 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation and risk assessment studies on fluopyram, trifloxystrobin and their metabolites were carried out on onion under field conditions after two treatments of fluopyram 250 g/L + trifloxystrobin 250 g/L SC @ 150 and 300 g a.i. ha-1. The onion bulb samples were collected at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after second spray to study the pattern of dissipation using QuEChERS methodology for processing and analysis on GC-MS/MS. The total initial residues of fluopyram (fluopyram + fluopyram benzamide) in immature onion bulb were 2.14 and 4.93 mg kg-1, at single and double dose, respectively. The residues of 0.02 and 0.06 mg kg-1 persisted in the mature onion bulb collected at the harvest (30 days after treatment). The total initial residues of trifloxystrobin (trifloxystrobin + CGA 321113) in immature onion bulb were 0.65 and 1.97 mg kg-1, at single and double dose, respectively, which reached < LOQ and 0.06 mg kg-1 at the respective doses at the harvest time. Dissipation of fluopyram followed second-order kinetics with DT50 values of 1.83 and 1.74 days, whereas trifloxystrobin followed first-order kinetics with DT50 values of 4.73 and 4.78 days, at single and double dose respectively. Risk assessment in terms of hazard quotient was done to estimate the risk that can occur due to application of this combination pesticide. It was observed that even the spray at the double recommended dose could not have dietary risks on the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Sharma
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Kousik Mandal
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Smriti Sharma
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Ullah N, Tuzen M. A New Trend and Future Perspectives of the Miniaturization of Conventional Extraction Methods for Elemental Analysis in Different Real Samples: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36197714 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2128635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is one of the viable procedures to be used before analysis to enhance sensitivity and reduce the matrix effect. The current review is mainly emphasized the latest outcome and applications of microextraction techniques based on the miniaturization of the classical conventional methods based on liquid-phase and solid-phase extraction for the quantitative elemental analysis in different real samples. The limitation of the conventional sample preparation methods (liquid and solid phase extraction) has been overcome by developing a new way of reducing size as compared with the conventional system through the miniaturization approach. Miniaturization of the sample preparation techniques has received extensive attention due to its extraction at microlevels, speedy, economical, eco-friendly, and high extraction capability. The growing demand for speedy, economically feasible, and environmentally sound analytical approaches is the main intention to upgrade the conventional procedures apply for sample preparation in environmental investigation. A growing trend of research has been perceived to quantify the trace for elemental analysis in different natures of real samples. This review also recapitulates the current futuristic scenarios for the green and economically viable procedure with special overemphasis and concentrates on eco-friendly miniaturized sample-preparation techniques such as liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). This review also emphasizes the latest progress and applications of the LPME and SPME approach and their future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ullah
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turbat, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Tuzen
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
- Research Institute, Center for Environment and Marine Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Reyes-Calderón A, Pérez-Uribe S, Ramos-Delgado AG, Ramalingam S, Oza G, Parra-Saldívar R, Ramirez-Mendoza RA, Iqbal HMN, Sharma A. Analytical and regulatory considerations to mitigate highly hazardous toxins from environmental matrices. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127031. [PMID: 34479083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence, toxicological influence, and bioaccumulation of toxic entities, e.g., pesticides and toxic elements in the environment, biota, and humans, directly or indirectly, are posing severe social, ecological, and human health concerns. Much attention has been given to the rising bioaccumulation of toxins and their adverse impact on various environmental matrices. For example, the inappropriate and exacerbated use of xenobiotics and related hazardous substances have caused the deterioration of the agricultural environment, e.g., fertile soils where plants are grown. Moreover, the harmful toxins have negatively impacted human health through the trophic chains. However, the analytical and regulatory considerations to effectively monitor and mitigate any or many pesticides and toxic elements from environmental matrices are still lacking in the existing literature. For decades, the scientific community has overseen the consequences caused by pollutants, however, the improvement of analytical detection methods and regulatory considerations are not yet fully covered. This review covers the notable literature gap by stressing the development and deployment of robust analytical and regulatory considerations for an efficient abatement of hazardous substances. Following detailed information on occurrence, toxicological influence, and bioaccumulation of pesticides and toxic elements, the most relevant analytical detection tools and regulatory measures are given herein, with suitable examples, to mitigate or reduce the damage caused by these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almendra Reyes-Calderón
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González 500, Fracc. SanPablo, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Samantha Pérez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González 500, Fracc. SanPablo, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Gabriela Ramos-Delgado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González 500, Fracc. SanPablo, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Sathishkumar Ramalingam
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Goldie Oza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/n, Sanfandila. Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro 76703, Mexico
| | | | | | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González 500, Fracc. SanPablo, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico.
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de Andrade JC, Galvan D, Effting L, Tessaro L, Aquino A, Conte-Junior CA. Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables from Brazil: A Systematic Review of Sample Preparation Until Post-Harvest. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:1174-1196. [PMID: 34908509 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2013157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Brazil annually produces around 43 million tons of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, large amounts of pesticides are needed to grow these foods. The use of unauthorized or indiscriminate pesticides can lead to the adherence of residues of these compounds to the product in a concentration above the maximum residue limit (MRL). Pesticide residues (PRs) monitoring is a continuous challenge due to several factors influencing the detection of these compounds in the food matrix. Currently, several adaptations to conventional techniques have been developed to minimize these problems. This systematic review presents the main information obtained from 52 research articles, taken from five databases, on changes and advances in Brazil in sample preparation methods for determining PRs in fruits and vegetables in the last nine years. We cover the preexisting ones and some others that might be suitable alternatives approaches. In addition, we present a brief discussion on the monitoring of PRs in different Brazilian regions, and we found that residues belonging to the organophosphate and pyrethroid classes were detected more frequently. Approximately 67% of the residues detected are of irregular use in 28 types of fruits and vegetables commonly consumed and exported by Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmir Craveiro de Andrade
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Galvan
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciane Effting
- Chemistry Department, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Letícia Tessaro
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano Aquino
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tripodi A, Conte F, Robbiano A, Ramis G, Rossetti I. Solid–Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of the System Water, Acetonitrile, and Ammonium Bicarbonate in Multiphase Reacting Systems. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tripodi
- Chemical Plants and Industrial Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
- CNR-ISTM and INSTM Unit Milano-Università, via C. Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Francesco Conte
- Chemical Plants and Industrial Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Robbiano
- DICCA, Università degli Studi di Genova and INSTM Unit-Genova, via all’Opera Pia 15A, Genoa 16100, Italy
| | - Gianguido Ramis
- DICCA, Università degli Studi di Genova and INSTM Unit-Genova, via all’Opera Pia 15A, Genoa 16100, Italy
| | - Ilenia Rossetti
- Chemical Plants and Industrial Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
- CNR-ISTM and INSTM Unit Milano-Università, via C. Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
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Determination of Residual Triflumezopyrim Insecticide in Agricultural Products through a Modified QuEChERS Method. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092090. [PMID: 34574200 PMCID: PMC8472026 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and simple analytical method for triflumezopyrim, a new class of mesoionic insecticides and commercialized molecules from DuPont, was developed with a modified QuEChERS method. The pH adjustment was used to improve the extraction efficiency of acetonitrile solvent, and dispersive solid-phase extraction was employed for the clean-up process. The five selected food commodities were used to verify the present optimized method, which displayed good linearity with an excellent correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9992–0.9998) in the 0.003–0.30 mg/kg calibration range. The method limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined to be a value of 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The mean recovery for the triflumezopyrim was in the 89.7–104.3% range. The relative standard deviations were ≤9.8% for intra- (n = 5) and inter-day (n = 15) precisions at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg in the five representative samples. The matrix effect has been calculated to confirm the effect during ionization of the analyte in the UPLC-MS/MS. The matrix effects of the instrumental analysis showed that triflumezopyrim was less susceptible to matrices. The proposed analytical method in this study has effectively improved the accuracy, selectivity, and sensitivity for the determination of triflumezopyrim in agricultural commodities; therefore, it can serve as a reference method for the establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs).
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12
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Cui K, Yang S, Zou N, He L, Zhang T, Liu F, Mu W. Residual behavior of the potential grain fumigant 1-octen-3-ol in wheat during fumigation and ventilation processes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2933-2938. [PMID: 33619815 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous works indicated that 1-octen-3-ol has promising potential as an alternative grain fumigant. However, aside from its insecticidal efficacy, the presence of 1-octen-3-ol residues in grains must be investigated to assess its food safety profile. RESULTS A convenient and sensitive QuEChERS based GC-MS/MS method was developed to detect residues of 1-octen-3-ol in wheat. The sample pretreatment procedures were optimized. The developed method showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9999) and negligible matrix effects. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for 1-octen-3-ol were 0.003 and 0.01 mg kg-1 , respectively. Recoveries at spiked concentration levels of 0.01, 0.5, 10, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 ranged from 90.8% to 112.4%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 5) ranged from 1.2 to 7.5%. In the fumigation process during wheat storage, there were positive correlations between the accumulation rate and fumigation concentration as well as between the accumulation amounts and fumigation time. In the ventilation process, temperature significantly affected the dissipation dynamics of 1-octen-3-ol in wheat, and the t1/2 values at ventilation temperatures of 30 and 5 °C for 0.1 μL mL-1 were 0.16 and 21.80 days, respectively, representing a 136-fold difference. CONCLUSION Preservers can regulate the ventilation temperature to achieve different goals, with either a long duration period for long-term storage or rapid dissipation for quick food consumption. This study provides guidance on the reasonable usage of 1-octen-3-ol on wheat and other stored grains. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Song Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Nan Zou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Leiming He
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Grain Storage and Logistics, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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13
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Medina MB, Munitz MS, Resnik SL. Fate and health risks assessment of some pesticides residues during industrial rice processing in Argentina. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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14
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Islam AKMM, Noh HH, Ro JH, Kim D, Oh MS, Son K, Kwon H. Optimization and validation of a method for the determination of acidic pesticides in cabbage and spinach by modifying QuEChERS procedure and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122667. [PMID: 33915385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed and combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to analyze 12 acidic pesticides in cabbage and spinach. The extraction solvents, phase partition salts and sorbents effect was studied to optimize the method followed by dilution before sample injection. The extraction involved 5% formic acid in acetonitrile, and the liquid-liquid partition was salt-induced. Carbopack Z, a high surface area graphitized carbon black, was a new sorbent used in the clean-up. The results show that Carbopack Z effectively removes interferences with little loss of acidic pesticides. All tested pesticide recoveries were satisfactory when Carbopack Z was combined with C18 in the clean-up at optimized condition. After clean-up, the extract was subjected to 10-fold dilution to sufficiently reduce the matrix effect (<20%). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1-5 ng/g, and the mean recovery was between 95 and 110% with a relative standard deviation <20% (between 2% and 10%) for the spiking of three concentrations: 5, 50, and 500 ng/g. The extract was less pigmented in the modified QuEChERS method than its original version. Thus, the modified method is a useful alternative for investigating the acidic pesticide residues in cabbage and spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kasem Mohammad Mydul Islam
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Noh
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Ro
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Kim
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Oh
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Son
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kwon
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Planning and Coordination Bureau, Rural Development Administration, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabukdo, 54875, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Zhang JJ, Yang H. Advance in Methodology and Strategies To Unveil Metabolic Mechanisms of Pesticide Residues in Food Crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2658-2667. [PMID: 33645212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues are a food safety concern. A good detection method is critical for rapid and accurate determination of pesticide metabolites in crops and studying metabolism. The pretreatment methods have mainly been ultrasonic extraction-solid-phase extraction and QuEChERS, while detection methods have been radio-chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. This perspective briefed the progress of analytical methods used for studying pesticide transformation in crops over the past decade. With the combination of the characteristics of the pesticide molecular structure and the transformation principles of pesticides in crops, we presented specific methods for elucidating new metabolites and the approaches to identify metabolites using multi-high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
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16
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Nooraee Nia N, Hadjmohammadi MR. Nanofluid of magnetic-activated charcoal and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent: Application in dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction for the determination and preconcentration of warfarin in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5113. [PMID: 33682951 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, nanofluid of magnetic-activated charcoal and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (AC@Fe3 O4 -DES) based dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction was successfully applied for the determination and preconcentration of warfarin in plasma and urine samples. The hydrophobic DES was prepared by mixing tetramethylammonium chloride (as hydrogen bond acceptor) and thymol (as hydrogen bond donor) and acted simultaneously as both carrier and stabilizer for magnetic nanoparticles. In this method, the nanofluid as a new extraction solvent was rapidly injected into the aqueous sample, which led to improvement of the mass transfer of the analytes into the sorbent and reduction of the extraction time. In the screening step, the fractional factorial design was applied for selecting some important parameters which significantly affected the extraction procedure. The effective parameters were then optimized by Box-Behnken design. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.3-1.6 ng/ml. A good linear range was observed in the range of 1.0-500.0 ng/ml for water and 5.0-500.0 ng/ml for urine and plasma. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were 2.7-3.2 and 1.9-4.5% for five replications, respectively. Based on the results, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of warfarin in biological samples, using high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Nooraee Nia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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17
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Samara F, Alam IA, Yaghmour F. Combined d-SPE-QuECHERS-Cold Bath Extraction and GC/MS for the Determination of 24 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Stranded Green Sea Turtles, Chelonia Mydas (Linnaeus, 1758). Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1887297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Samara
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Isra Arshad Alam
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fadi Yaghmour
- (Scientific Research Department), Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Hefaiyah Mountain Conservation Centre, Kalba, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Li C, Chen Z, Qin D, Liu R, Li L, Li W, He Y, Yuan L. Simultaneous determination of the herbicide bixlozone and its metabolites in plant and animal samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:822-832. [PMID: 33289303 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tracing the herbicide bixlozone and its metabolites in food is necessary to assess their risks to human health. In the study, a rapid and effective analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method for the simultaneous determination of bixlozone and its metabolites (2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, 3-hydroxy-propanamide-bixlozone, and 5'-hydroxy-bixlozone) in plant and animal samples (tomato, cucumber, apple, wheat flour, meat, milk, and egg) was developed based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated based on the linearity (R2 > 0.99), sensitivity (limit of quantification = 0.01 mg/kg), recovery (70.2-115.1%), and precision (intraday 1.2-17.6%, interday 0.3-16.0%). Detection was achieved within 6.0 min. The method is reliable for the determination of four target compounds in all seven matrices. The satisfactory validation criteria and successful application show that the proposed methodology is suitable for the detection of four target compounds in real matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zenglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Qin
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yujian He
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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19
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Watanabe E, Seike N. Detection of herbicide clopyralid at nanogram per gram level in agricultural products using easy-to-use micro liquid-liquid extraction followed by analysis with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1630:461578. [PMID: 32992221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new sample preparation method was developed for auxin-like herbicide clopyralid residue in agricultural products. The method uses extraction with sulfuric acid - acidified acetonitrile, with cleanup of sample extracts using solid-phase extraction (diatomaceous earth) and micro liquid-liquid extraction, followed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). This sample preparation method greatly reduces the influence on ionization during determination with UPLC-MS/MS. Quantification was achieved using external calibrators prepared in matrix-free 0.1% formic acid. The proposed analytical method supported good recovery of 73.7-91.4% with less than 8% relative standard deviation. Method quantification limits (MQL) of samples were 0.6-1.0 ng g-1. The method was applied to determine clopyralid residue in several crop samples. The herbicide was detected as near the MQLs in all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Watanabe
- Chemical Analysis Unit, Division of Hazardous Chemicals, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan.
| | - Nobuyasu Seike
- Organochemicals Unit, Division of Hazardous Chemicals, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
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20
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Ghaste M, Hayden NC, Osterholt MJ, Young J, Young B, Widhalm JR. Evaluation of a Stable Isotope-Based Direct Quantification Method for Dicamba Analysis from Air and Water Using Single-Quadrupole LC-MS. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163649. [PMID: 32796576 PMCID: PMC7465465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicamba is a moderately volatile herbicide used for post-emergent control of broadleaf weeds in corn, soybean, and a number of other crops. With increased use of dicamba due to the release of dicamba-resistant cotton and soybean varieties, growing controversy over the effects of spray drift and volatilization on non-target crops has increased the need for quantifying dicamba collected from water and air sampling. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate stable isotope-based direct quantification of dicamba from air and water samples using single-quadrupole liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The sample preparation protocols developed in this study utilize a simple solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocol for water samples and a single-step concentration protocol for air samples. The LC–MS detection method achieves sensitive detection of dicamba based on selected ion monitoring (SIM) of precursor and fragment ions and relies on the use of an isotopically labeled internal standard (IS) (D3-dicamba), which allows for calculating recoveries and quantification using a relative response factor (RRF). Analyte recoveries of 106–128% from water and 88–124% from air were attained, with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.1 ng mL−1 and 1 ng mL−1, respectively. The LC–MS detection method does not require sample pretreatment such as ion-pairing or derivatization to achieve sensitivity. Moreover, this study reveals matrix effects associated with sorbent resin used in air sample collection and demonstrates how the use of an isotopically labeled IS with RRF-based analysis can account for ion suppression. The LC–MS method is easily transferrable and offers a robust alternative to methods relying on more expensive tandem LC–MS/MS-based options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Ghaste
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Hayden
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.C.H.); (M.J.O.); (J.Y.); (B.Y.)
| | - Matthew J. Osterholt
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.C.H.); (M.J.O.); (J.Y.); (B.Y.)
| | - Julie Young
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.C.H.); (M.J.O.); (J.Y.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bryan Young
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.C.H.); (M.J.O.); (J.Y.); (B.Y.)
| | - Joshua R. Widhalm
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-496-3891
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21
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Lee JE, Oh HB, Im H, Han SB, Kim KH. Multiresidue analysis of 85 persistent organic pollutants in small human serum samples by modified QuEChERS preparation with different ionization sources in mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1623:461170. [PMID: 32505276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a multiresidue analytical method was developed, validated, and applied for quantifying 85 persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including 38 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 23 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and 24 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from 200 μL of human serum. A modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method was applied to minimize the required sample amount and optimize various conditions including the extraction solvent and the number of extractions. The extraction efficiency was optimized using double extraction with an ethyl acetate/hexane/acetone mixture. Gas chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry was used for analysis, and two different ionization sources, electron impact ionization (EI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), were used to compare their sensitivity. The APCI source employed soft ionization at atmospheric pressure, producing abundant molecular ion formation with minimal fragmentation, in contrast to extensive fragmentation caused by EI. Of the 85 POPs analyzed, 59 target compounds (69.4%) showed lower limits of detection that were two- to fifty-fold lower in APCI than those determined using EI. The developed method was validated for its detection limit (0.5-10 pg/mL for PCBs, 2-20 pg/mL for PBDEs, and 2-40 pg/mL for OCPs), precision (0.8%-34.3% of coefficient of variation), recovery (49.6%-77.1%), matrix effect (46.7%-156.9%), and accuracy (81.2%-113.1% for PCBs, 85.8%-112.2% for PBDEs, and 55.2%-113.9% for OCPs). Its linearity was R2 > 0.99 for 84 compounds, and 96% average accuracy (for APCI) was obtained using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference materials (NIST 1957 and 1958). These ionization methods were compared by analyzing 25 real human serum samples. The observed species were 1.1-24.6 pg/mL of 28 PCBs, 2.5 pg/mL of BDE-47, and 6.5-195.1 pg/mL of 6 organochlorine pesticides (median concentration for each species), and only 11 compounds were detected with APCI owing to its enhanced sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Eun Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea; Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Hosub Im
- Institute for Life & Environmental Technology, Smartive Corporation, Dobong-ro 110na-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01454, Korea
| | - Sang Beom Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Ki Hun Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea.
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Zancanella P, Oliveira DML, de Oliveira BH, Woiski TD, Pinto CC, Santana MHA, Souto EB, Severino P. Mitotane liposomes for potential treatment of adrenal cortical carcinoma: ex vivo intestinal permeation and in vivo bioavailability. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:949-961. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1762645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Zancanella
- Department of Chemical, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniele M. L. Oliveira
- Biotechnology Industrial Program, Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMed), University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago D. Woiski
- Research Institute “Pelé Pequeno Príncipe”, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cesar C. Pinto
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Maria H. A. Santana
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Biotechnology Industrial Program, Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMed), University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Tiradentes Institute, Dorchester, MA, USA
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23
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Na TW, Rahman MM, Kim SW, Haque ME, Eun JB, Shim JH. Upgrading analytical methodology through comparative study for screening of 267 pesticides/metabolites in five representative matrices using UPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1141:122021. [PMID: 32106061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study was conducted to replace the traditional screening method (MFDS#83) with the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) EN method for the determination of 267 pesticides/metabolites/plant activators/growth regulators in five representative crop matrices (mandarin, pepper, potato, rice, and soybean). In the traditional method, samples were extracted with acetonitrile and salt, and purified with a solid-phase extraction cartridge. In the QuEChERS method, the sample extraction was carried out using acetonitrile and a mixture of salts, and purification was performed using dispersive solid phase extraction. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for the MFDS#83 method was 0.0004 mg/kg, whereas for the QuEChERS EN method, the LOQ varied from 0.002 to 0.006 mg/kg for all analytes in various matrices. A six-point matrix-matched calibration curve was prepared for all analytes in five matrices for both methods. Both the MFDS#83 and QuEChERS EN methods provided excellent linearity, with the coefficients of determination (R2) ≥ 0.99 for most of the compounds. In both cases, the method was validated in terms of recovery and repeatability after the fortification of two different concentrations with three replicates for each of the concentrations. The QuEChERS EN method provided better recovery than the MFDS#83 method for all matrices except mandarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Woong Na
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service (NAQS), 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Musfiqur Rahman
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Environment-Friendly Agricultural Research Institute, 1508, Senam-ro, Sanpo-myeon, Naju-si, Jeollanamdo 58213, Republic of Korea
| | - M Ershadul Haque
- Department of Statistics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology and BK 21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Chonnam National University. Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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Seebunrueng K, Phosiri P, Apitanagotinon R, Srijaranai S. A new environment-friendly supramolecular solvent-based liquid phase microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of six phenoxy acid herbicides in water and rice samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Watanabe E, Seike N, Namiki S. Highly sensitive analytical method for herbicide clopyralid residue in cattle manure compost with ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2019; 44:186-191. [PMID: 31576193 PMCID: PMC6753256 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d19-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A micro liquid-liquid extraction has been applied to sample preparation in the current authorized method for clopyralid in compost. The method rendered matrix effects practically negligible during determination with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with an improved limit of quantification of 0.7 µg/kg dry weight. Moreover, it had good accuracy and reproducibility. Therefore, the method is proposed as a highly effective routine analytical technique for investigating the actual status of clopyralid residue in compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Watanabe
- Division of Hazardous Chemicals, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Seike
- Division of Hazardous Chemicals, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604, Japan
| | - Sayuri Namiki
- Division of Hazardous Chemicals, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604, Japan
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26
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Rashid A, Wang Y, Li Y, Yu CP, Sun Q. Simultaneous analysis of multiclass contaminants of emerging concern in sediments by liquid chromatography with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1409-1422. [PMID: 31017690 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based extraction and simultaneous dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) clean-up method was developed for contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in sediment samples. Hydration with a phosphate buffer (pH 2.0) and salting out with NaCl and MgSO4 facilitated the extraction and liquid-liquid portioning of the aqueous and organic phases. Cleanup of the extracts was achieved by florisil and C18 (1:1) sorbents in dSPE with minimal compromise of the analytes. The extracts were clean enough for determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The procedure was validated for preservatives, blood lipid regulators, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, plasticizers, and other classes of CECs in sediment matrix spiked at 6 levels between 1- and 40-fold concentrations for CECs of varying analytical sensitivities. The recovery values were generally between approximately 27 and 120% and the relative standard deviation (%RSD) values were below 20% at 10- , 20- , and 40-fold spiking levels, albeit the recoveries for some analytes dropped at low spike concentrations. The method showed high sensitivity where the method detection limits (MDLs) were at low ppb levels for the majority of the analytes that ranged between 0.002 and 1.93 µg/kg. The method performance was also compared with well-established US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 1694 by analyzing sediment samples collected from Yundang Lagoon (Xiamen, China) with field-incurred CEC residues. The sediment samples were detected with residues of parabens, gemfibrozil, ketoprofen, naproxen, fenoprofen, diclofenac, miconazole, carbamazepine, benzophenon-3, glibenclamide, sildinafil citrate, and some bisphenol analogues. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1409-1422. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Rashid
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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27
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Medina MB, Munitz MS, Resnik SL. Pesticides in randomly collected rice commercialised in Entre Ríos, Argentina. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2019; 12:252-258. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2019.1617791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Sebastián Munitz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
| | - Silvia Liliana Resnik
- Departamentos de Química Orgánica e Industrias. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Argentina
- Fundación de Investigaciones Científicas Teresa Benedicta de la Cruz, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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28
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Determination of 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furaldehyde in Cooked Japonica Rice Using a Modified QuEChERS Method Combined with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Mohebbi A, Farajzadeh MA, Yaripour S, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Determination of tricyclic antidepressants in human urine samples by the three-step sample pretreatment followed by HPLC-UV analysis: an efficient analytical method for further pharmacokinetic and forensic studies. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:952-963. [PMID: 30564074 PMCID: PMC6295633 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an efficient sample pretreatment method has been developed by combining salt induced-homogenous liquid-liquid extraction, dispersive solid phase extraction, and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplet for the extraction of some widely used tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs (nortriptyline, amitriptyline, desipramine, clomipramine, and imipramine) in human urine samples before their determination by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. In brief, the target analytes are first isolated from urine samples into acetonitrile (ACN) separated by adding a salt. Then the obtained ACN phase is treated with a mixture of appropriate sorbents to remove interferences. Afterward, the purified ACN is mixed with menthol as an extractant and rapidly injected into alkaline HPLC-grade water as a preconcentration step. Next, the obtained solution is placed in an ice bath and menthol collects on top of the solution after solidification. The solidified drop is then withdrawn and injected into separation system after dissolving in 10 µL ACN. Under the optimum experimental conditions, extraction recoveries and enrichment factors of the selected drugs ranged from 69-84 % and 345-420, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were obtained at the ranges of 0.22-0.31, and 0.71-1.1 µg L-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations of the proposed method were ≤ 6 % for intra- (n=6) and inter-day (n=4) precisions at a concentration of 10 µg L-1 (each drug). Finally, the suggested approach was applied to determine of TCA drugs in different patients' urine samples. The method could be applied in further TCAs pharmacokinetic and forensic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohebbi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Saeid Yaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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30
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Chen T, Shi Z, Zhou X, Sun Z, Zhang L, Li J. Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel brominated flame retardants in human serum by gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1099:64-72. [PMID: 30243115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The accurate detection of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in humans is an area of high scientific interest and regulatory need due to their potential toxicity. The instrumental analysis of BFRs was commonly performed on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) operating in electron ionization (EI) or negative chemical ionization (NCI) modes. However, soft ionization techniques, such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), may be more suitable for the analysis of BFRs because the BFRs show high fragmentation in EI and low selectivity in NCI. Additionally, accurate quantifications of BFRs in complex matrices is challenging due to their low concentrations and therefore, a highly sensitive technique is desperately needed. In this study, a new methodology based on gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-APCI-MS/MS) analysis was developed for the determination of thirteen BFRs (eight usually monitored polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners and five additional novel BFRs) in human serum. The primary task was to evaluate the potential of the GC-APCI-MS/MS technique for the trace analysis of BFRs in human serum. The results of the spiked recovery test using fetal bovine serum showed that mean recoveries of the analytes ranged from 83.4% to 118% with reduced swing differential signaling (RSDs) of ≤21.1%. The methodological limits of detection (mLOD) of the analytes ranged from 0.04 to 30 pg/mL, and these values were at least one order of magnitude lower than those estimated by the authors in a previous study using GC-NCI-MS or GC-EI-MS/MS, indicating that GC-APCI-MS/MS is more sensitive. Specially, compared to GC-NCI-MS and GC-EI-MS/MS, when GC-APCI-MS/MS was used for the detection of highly brominated BFRs, such as BDE-209 and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), a notable improvement in sensitivity and reliability was obtained using a deactivated capillary column connected to the analytical column as the transfer line and maintaining a high temperature to improve the chromatographic behaviors. The developed methodology was successfully used for the analysis of BFRs in human serum collected from residents living in a BFR production area and Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanmin Sun
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian Chen
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
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Słowik-Borowiec M, Szpyrka E. Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Wine and Grape Using Gas Chromatography with Microelectron Capture and Nitrogen–Phosphorus Detection. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Al-Thaiban H, Al-Tamimi N, Helaleh M. Development of QuEChERS Method for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Smoked Meat Products Using GC-MS from Qatar. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:9206237. [PMID: 30116652 PMCID: PMC6079466 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9206237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple and fast method for the determination of PAHs in smoked meat samples was described. The QuEChERS (Z-Sep) procedure was used for sample preparation. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer with electron ionization (EI) was used to separate and detect the PAHs. All 16 common PAHs were analyzed successfully. Matrix-matched calibration was applied. Spiked samples were performed at 1 ng/g (n=10) and 10 ng/g (n=10) for two days. Overall recoveries of PAHs were within 74 to 117%, with RSDs within 1.15 to 37.57% and 1 and 10 ng/g wet weight for first and second day, respectively. In most of the analyzed smoked meat samples, there were no exceeded levels compared to the maximum levels declared by Commission Regulation (EU) number 835/2011. The method can be recommended for routine analysis for laboratories having a large number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Al-Thaiban
- Anti Doping Lab-Qatar, Toxicology Multipurpose laboratory, P.O. Box 27775, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nada Al-Tamimi
- Anti Doping Lab-Qatar, Toxicology Multipurpose laboratory, P.O. Box 27775, Doha, Qatar
| | - Murad Helaleh
- Anti Doping Lab-Qatar, Toxicology Multipurpose laboratory, P.O. Box 27775, Doha, Qatar
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33
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Fernandes VC, Freitas M, Pacheco JPG, Oliveira JM, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C. Magnetic dispersive micro solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography determination of organophosphorus pesticides in strawberries. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1566:1-12. [PMID: 30017087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with different sizes and characteristics were synthesized to be used as a QuEChERS sorbents for the determination of seven organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in strawberries by gas chromatography analysis with flame photometric and mass spectrometry detection. To achieve the optimum conditions of modified QuEChERS procedure several parameters affecting the cleanup efficiency including the amount of the sorbents and cleanup time were investigated. The results were compared with classical QuEChERS methodologies and the modified QuEChERS procedure using MNPs showed the better performance. Under the optimum conditions of the new methodology, three spiking levels (25, 50 and 100 μg kg-1) were evaluated in a strawberry sample. The results showed that the average recovery was 93% and the relative standard deviation was less than 12%. The enrichment factor ranged from 111 to 145%. The good linearity with coefficients of determination of 0.9904-0.9991 was obtained over the range of 25-250 μg kg-1 for 7 OPPs. It was determined that the MNPs have an excellent function as sorbent when purified even using less amount of sorbents and the magnetic properties allowed non-use of the centrifugation in cleanup step. The new methodology was applied in strawberry samples from conventional and organic farming. The new sorbents were successfully applied for extraction and determination of OPPs in strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - João P G Pacheco
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Maria Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina Fernandes Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Li H, Feng Y, Li X, Zeng D. Analytical Confirmation of Various Herbicides in Drinking Water Resources in Sugarcane Production Regions of Guangxi, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:815-820. [PMID: 29564484 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated drinking water contamination by 11 commonly used herbicides in sugarcane production areas in Guangxi, China. The work developed an analytical method for determination of these herbicides in environmental waters. This work studied herbicide residues in drinking water in Guangxi, China. The maximum residues and percent of detects were: (0.091 µg/L, 29.2%, atrazine), (0.018 µg/L, 8.3%, ametryne), (0.188 µg/L, 8.3%, aetolaehlor), (0.139 µg/L, 4%, simazine), (0.585 µg/L, 62.5%, atrazine), (0.311 µg/L, 33.3%, acetochlor), (0.341 µg/L, 58.3%, ametryne), (1.312 µg/L, 29.2%, metolachlor), (0.088 µg/L, 4.2%, alachlor), (0.127 µg/L, 14.3%, atrazine), and (0.453 µg/L, 7.1%, metolachlor), respectively. The results demonstrated that agricultural herbicides were detected in all water samples, including tap, surface and groundwater samples. Since the residues are generally below the safe limits established by the government authorities, the monitored 11 herbicides do not significantly affect the quality of the human environment. This work will provide scientific understanding of pesticide residues in drinking water standards in terms of its consistency with precautionary human health and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
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35
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Development of magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction using toner powder as an efficient and economic sorbent in combination with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction of some widely used pesticides in fruit juices. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1532:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Farha W, Abd El-Aty AM, Rahman MM, Jeong JH, Shin HC, Wang J, Shin SS, Shim JH. Analytical approach, dissipation pattern and risk assessment of pesticide residue in green leafy vegetables: A comprehensive review. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waziha Farha
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Musfiqur Rahman
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Chung-Ang University; Dongjak-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Sung Shik Shin
- Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
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Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction for the Analysis of Veterinary Drugs Applied to Food Samples: A Review. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:8215271. [PMID: 29181027 PMCID: PMC5664330 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8215271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve analytical success, it is necessary to develop thorough clean-up procedures to extract analytes from the matrix. Dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) has been used as a pretreatment technique for the analysis of several compounds. This technique is based on the dispersion of a solid sorbent in liquid samples in the extraction isolation and clean-up of different analytes from complex matrices. DSPE has found a wide range of applications in several fields, and it is considered to be a selective, robust, and versatile technique. The applications of dispersive techniques in the analysis of veterinary drugs in different matrices involve magnetic sorbents, molecularly imprinted polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, and the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method. Techniques based on DSPE permit minimization of additional steps such as precipitation, centrifugation, and filtration, which decreases the manipulation of the sample. In this review, we describe the main procedures used for synthesis, characterization, and application of this pretreatment technique and how it has been applied to food analysis.
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Al-Alam J, Fajloun Z, Chbani A, Millet M. A multiresidue method for the analysis of 90 pesticides, 16 PAHs, and 22 PCBs in honey using QuEChERS–SPME. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5157-5169. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Zainudin BH, Salleh S. Method Development, Optimization and Validation of Matrix Hydration Effect on Pesticide Residues in Cocoa Beans Using Modified QuEChERS Method and Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Farina Y, Abdullah MP, Bibi N, Khalik WMAWM. Determination of pesticide residues in leafy vegetables at parts per billion levels by a chemometric study using GC-ECD in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Food Chem 2017; 224:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Seddik H, Marstani Z, ALazzam T. Trace level determination of insecticide using gas chromatography, and the application for residual monitoring in local Syrian vegetables. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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42
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Bilehal D, Chetti M, Deepa GT, Khetagoudar M. Multiresidue Pesticide Analysis Using QuEChERS Method in Vegetable Samples by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2016.1253499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.C. Bilehal
- Reva University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - M.B. Chetti
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 580 005, Karnataka, India
| | - G. T. Deepa
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 580 005, Karnataka, India
| | - M.C. Khetagoudar
- Reva University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
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43
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Determination of Pesticide Residues in Mango Matrices by Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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44
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Peng G, He Q, Lu Y, Mmereki D, Zhong Z. Determination of organophosphorus pesticides and their major degradation product residues in food samples by HPLC-UV. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19409-19416. [PMID: 27378220 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple method based on dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic droplets (DLLME-SFO) was developed for the extraction of chlorpyrifos (CP), chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPM), and their main degradation product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in tomato and cucumber samples. The determination was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). In the DSPE-DLLME-SFO, the analytes were first extracted with acetone. The clean-up of the extract by DSPE was carried out by directly adding activated carbon sorbent into the extract solution, followed by shaking and filtration. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method was sensitive and showed a good linearity within a range of 2-500 ng/g, with the correlation coefficients (r) varying from 0.9991 to 0.9996. The enrichment factors ranged from 127 to 138. The limit of detections (LODs) were in the range of 0.12-0.68 ng/g, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) for 50 ng/g of each analytes in tomato samples were in the range of 3.25-6.26 % (n = 5). The proposed method was successfully applied for the extraction and determination of the mentioned analytes residues in tomato and cucumber samples, and satisfactory results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Ying Lu
- Mathematics and Physics, Armed Police College, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Daniel Mmereki
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Wei P, Liu Y, Li W, Qian Y, Nie Y, Kim D, Wang M. Metabolic and Dynamic Profiling for Risk Assessment of Fluopyram, a Typical Phenylamide Fungicide Widely Applied in Vegetable Ecosystem. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33898. [PMID: 27654708 PMCID: PMC5031996 DOI: 10.1038/srep33898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluopyram, a typical phenylamide fungicide, was widely applied to protect fruit vegetables from fungal pathogens-responsible yield loss. Highly linked to the ecological and dietary risks, its residual and metabolic profiles in the fruit vegetable ecosystem still remained obscure. Here, an approach using modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction combined with GC-MS/MS analysis was developed to investigate fluopyram fate in the typical fruit vegetables including tomato, cucumber, pepper under the greenhouse environment. Fluopyram dissipated in accordance with the first-order rate dynamics equation with the maximum half-life of 5.7 d. Cleveage of fluopyram into 2-trifluoromethyl benzamide and subsequent formation of 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine-2-acetic acid and 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl) picolinic acid was elucidated to be its ubiquitous metabolic pathway. Moreover, the incurrence of fluopyram at the pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 7-21 d was between 0.0108 and 0.1603 mg/kg, and the Hazard Quotients (HQs) were calculated to be less than 1, indicating temporary safety on consumption of the fruit vegetables incurred with fluopyram, irrespective of the uncertain toxicity of the metabolites. Taken together, our findings reveal the residual essential of fluopyram in the typical agricultural ecosystem, and would advance the further insight into ecological risk posed by this fungicide associated with its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenzhuo Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanxia Nie
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Labs, Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mengcen Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Gao L, Li J, Wu Y, Yu M, Chen T, Shi Z, Zhou X, Sun Z. Determination of novel brominated flame retardants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in serum using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with two simplified sample preparation procedures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7835-7844. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Bahram M, Keshvari F, Mohseni N. A novel hydrogel based microextraction of analytes. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Jakubus A, Paszkiewicz M, Stepnowski P. Carbon Nanotubes Application in the Extraction Techniques of Pesticides: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 47:76-91. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1209105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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49
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Kaczyński P, Łozowicka B, Jankowska M, Hrynko I. Rapid determination of acid herbicides in soil by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection based on dispersive solid phase extraction. Talanta 2016; 152:127-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Kaur R, Mandal K, Sahoo SK, Kumar R, Arora R, Singh B. Estimation and risk assessment of flubendiamide on fodder berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) by QuEChERS methodology and LC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9791-9798. [PMID: 26850100 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The residues of flubendiamide from berseem were extracted and cleaned up by the QuEChERS approach and analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The dissipation studies on berseem were carried out by application of flubendiamide at five different dosages i.e. 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 g a.i. ha(-1). The residues reached below determination limit (BDL) of 0.01 mg kg(-1) in 7, 10, 10, 15 and 15 days for 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 g.a.i. ha(-1)dosages, respectively. Half-life (t1/2) of flubendiamide on berseem was observed to be 1.08, 1.88, 1.94, 2.26 and 2.27 days, respectively, at 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 g a.i. ha(-1). Theoretical maximum residue contributions (TMRC) values reached below the maximum permissible limit (MPI) for 3, 5 and 7 days in treatments at 24, 36 and 48 g.a.i. ha(-1), respectively, whereas in case of higher dose treatments i.e. 72 and 96 g a.i. ha(-1), the residues of flubendiamide reached below MPI after 10 days of treatment. These data could provide guidance for the proper and safe use of this pesticide on berseem in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Kousik Mandal
- Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Sahoo
- Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Rajinder Kumar
- Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Ramesh Arora
- Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Balwinder Singh
- Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
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