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Zhang D, Liu S, Peng B, Shi X, Weng T, Fang D, Lu L, Meng X, Xiong H, Zhang X, Qu J, Zhong J, Wang P. Effects of the timing of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status on placental transfer of antibodies to neonates: a cross-sectional study. Int J Infect Dis 2024:107098. [PMID: 38762044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of timing of maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination status on placental transfer of antibodies to neonates. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, chemiluminescence was employed to measure SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers in paired maternal-infant samples from women infected during pregnancy who were vaccinated or unvaccinated. Generalized linear regression assessed factors affecting antibody transfer in infected pregnant women and neonatal titers. RESULTS The group with ≥90 days between infection and delivery showed a higher antibody transfer rate than the <90 days group(β= 0.33, 95%CI: 0.01-0.65). Neonatal IgG titers correlated significantly with maternal titers and with maternal infections more than 90 days before delivery. Among infected pregnant women, those who had received two or three doses of vaccine before pregnancy had higher neonatal antibody titers than those who were not vaccinated (β = 57.70, 95%CI: 31.33-84.07). CONCLUSION Neonates born to pregnant women who were vaccinated before infection showed higher antibody titers than neonates of pregnant women who were not vaccinated before infection. The transfer rate is higher in pregnant women with ≥90 days from infection to delivery than in those with <90 days. These findings highlight the importance of timely maternal vaccination to optimize maternal and infant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tingsong Weng
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Dajun Fang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Lijie Lu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Husheng Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiayi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510623, China.
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Celis-Seposo AK, Madaniyazi L, Seposo X, Hashizume M, Yoshida LM, Toizumi M. Incidence and seasonality of Kawasaki disease in children in the Philippines, and its association with ambient air temperature. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1358638. [PMID: 38711494 PMCID: PMC11070490 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1358638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite an unknown cause, Kawasaki disease (KD) is currently the primary leading cause of acquired heart disease in developed countries in children and has been increasing in recent years. Research efforts have explored environmental factors related to KD, but they are still unclear especially in the tropics. We aimed to describe the incidence of KD in children, assess its seasonality, and determine its association with ambient air temperature in the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines from January 2009 to December 2019. Methods Monthly number of KD cases from the Philippine Pediatric Society (PPS) disease registry was collected to determine the incidence of KD. A generalized linear model (GLM) with quasi-Poisson regression was utilized to assess the seasonality of KD and determine its association with ambient air temperature after adjusting for the relevant confounders. Results The majority of KD cases (68.52%) occurred in children less than five years old, with incidence rates ranging from 14.98 to 23.20 cases per 100,000 population, and a male-to-female ratio of 1.43:1. Seasonal variation followed a unimodal shape with a rate ratio of 1.13 from the average, peaking in March and reaching the lowest in September. After adjusting for seasonality and long-term trend, every one-degree Celsius increase in the monthly mean temperature significantly increased the risk of developing KD by 8.28% (95% CI: 2.12%, 14.80%). Season-specific analysis revealed a positive association during the dry season (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11), whereas no evidence of association was found during the wet season (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.27). Conclusion We have presented the incidence of KD in the Philippines which is relatively varied from its neighboring countries. The unimodal seasonality of KD and its linear association with temperature, independent of season and secular trend, especially during dry season, may provide insights into its etiology and may support enhanced KD detection efforts in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Madaniyazi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Ateneo Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Pasig, Philippines
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lay Myint Yoshida
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Michiko Toizumi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Qin X, Lam A, Zhang X, Sengupta S, Iorgulescu JB, Ni H, Das S, Rager M, Zhou Z, Zuo T, Meara GK, Floru AE, Kemet C, Veerapaneni D, Kashy D, Lin L, Lloyd K, Kwok L, Smith KS, Nagaraju RT, Meijers R, Ceol C, Liu CT, Alexandrescu S, Wu CJ, Keskin DB, George RE, Feng H. CKLF instigates a "cold" microenvironment to promote MYCN-mediated tumor aggressiveness. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh9547. [PMID: 38489372 PMCID: PMC10942121 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumors, especially those with aberrant MYCN activation, often harbor an immunosuppressive microenvironment to fuel malignant growth and trigger treatment resistance. Despite this knowledge, there are no effective strategies to tackle this problem. We found that chemokine-like factor (CKLF) is highly expressed by various solid tumor cells and transcriptionally up-regulated by MYCN. Using the MYCN-driven high-risk neuroblastoma as a model system, we demonstrated that as early as the premalignant stage, tumor cells secrete CKLF to attract CCR4-expressing CD4+ cells, inducing immunosuppression and tumor aggression. Genetic depletion of CD4+ T regulatory cells abolishes the immunorestrictive and protumorigenic effects of CKLF. Our work supports that disrupting CKLF-mediated cross-talk between tumor and CD4+ suppressor cells represents a promising immunotherapeutic approach to battling MYCN-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Qin
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Lam
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Satyaki Sengupta
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. Bryan Iorgulescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongru Ni
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjukta Das
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubanesw, India
| | - Madison Rager
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Zuo
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grace K. Meara
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander E. Floru
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chinyere Kemet
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Divya Veerapaneni
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Kashy
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Kwok
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaylee S. Smith
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghavendar T. Nagaraju
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Colorectal and Peritoneal Oncology Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rob Meijers
- Institute for Protein Innovation, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig Ceol
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derin B. Keskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rani E. George
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Jin F, Li X, Chen J, Liu J, Wang Y. Clinical study on the role of platelet-rich plasma in human acellular dermal matrix with razor autologous skin graft repair of giant congenital pigmented nevus in children. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 90:305-314. [PMID: 38394838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NA OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the safety and feasibility of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) in children with human acellular dermal matrix (HADM) transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 22 children with GCMN were included in the study. They were divided into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group used the method of HADM with Razor Autologous Skin Graft combined with PRP to repair skin and soft tissue defects after giant nevus resection (Group A, n = 11). The control group was treated with HADM with Razor Autologous Skin Graft (Group B, n = 11) only. To compare the survival rate of skin grafts, we used the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) for the postoperative skin graft area and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) to compare the two groups of patients. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, location of giant nevi, and pathological classification between Group A and Group (P > 0.05). The survival rate of skin grafting and the VSS and POSAS scores of scar tissue in group A were superior to those of group B (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PRP has improved the survival rate of composite skin grafting in children with GCMN, and long-term satisfactory prognosis of scar healing. Therefore, we consider this treatment method a valuable contribution to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children Hospital, National Center of Children's Health, Beijing Children Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children Hospital, National Center of Children's Health, Beijing Children Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China
| | - Jigang Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children Hospital, National Center of Children's Health, Beijing Children Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children Hospital, National Center of Children's Health, Beijing Children Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children Hospital, National Center of Children's Health, Beijing Children Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China.
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5
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Luo C, Chen W, Cai J, He Y. The mechanisms of milder clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in children compared to adults. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:28. [PMID: 38355623 PMCID: PMC10865718 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In stark contrast to adult patients, children who contract Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) typically manifest milder symptoms or remain asymptomatic. However, the precise underlying mechanisms of this pathogenesis remain elusive. In this review, we primarily retrospect the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, and explore the factors that may contribute to the typically milder clinical presentation in pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients compare with adults patients with COVID-19. The pathophysiological mechanisms that mitigate lung injury in children are as follows: the expression level of ACE2 receptor in children is lower; the binding affinity between ACE2 receptors and viral spike proteins in children was weaker; children have strong pre-activated innate immune response and appropriate adaptive immune response; children have more natural lymphocytes; children with COVID-19 can produce higher levels of IgM, IgG and interferon; children infected with SARS-CoV-2 can produce lower levels of IL-6 and IL-10; children have fewer underlying diseases and the lower risk of worsening COVID-19; children are usually exposed to other respiratory viruses and have an enhanced cross-reactive immunity. Comprehending the relative contributions of these processes to the protective phenotype in the developing lungs can help in the diagnosis, treatment and research pertaining to children with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 28 Qiaozhong Middle Road, Liwan District, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 28 Qiaozhong Middle Road, Liwan District, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junying Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 28 Qiaozhong Middle Road, Liwan District, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 28 Qiaozhong Middle Road, Liwan District, 510120, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Stowell JD, Sun Y, Gause EL, Spangler KR, Schwartz J, Bernstein A, Wellenius GA, Nori-Sarma A. Warm season ambient ozone and children's health in the USA. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae035. [PMID: 38553030 PMCID: PMC10980558 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 120 million people in the USA live in areas with unsafe ozone (O3) levels. Studies among adults have linked exposure to worse lung function and higher risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few studies have examined the effects of O3 in children, and existing studies are limited in terms of their geographic scope or outcomes considered. METHODS We leveraged a dataset of encounters at 42 US children's hospitals from 2004-2015. We used a one-stage case-crossover design to quantify the association between daily maximum 8-hour O3 in the county in which the hospital is located and risk of emergency department (ED) visits for any cause and for respiratory disorders, asthma, respiratory infections, allergies and ear disorders. RESULTS Approximately 28 million visits were available during this period. Per 10 ppb increase, warm-season (May through September) O3 levels over the past three days were associated with higher risk of ED visits for all causes (risk ratio [RR]: 0.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2%, 0.4%]), allergies (4.1% [2.5%, 5.7%]), ear disorders (0.8% [0.3%, 1.3%]) and asthma (1.3% [0.8%, 1.9%]). When restricting to levels below the current regulatory standard (70 ppb), O3 was still associated with risk of ED visits for all-cause, allergies, ear disorders and asthma. Stratified analyses suggest that the risk of O3-related all-cause ED visits may be higher in older children. CONCLUSIONS Results from this national study extend prior research on the impacts of daily O3 on children's health and reinforce the presence of important adverse health impacts even at levels below the current regulatory standard in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Stowell
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuantong Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma L Gause
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith R Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Bernstein
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amruta Nori-Sarma
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Benede N, Tincho MB, Walters A, Subbiah V, Ngomti A, Baguma R, Butters C, Hahnle L, Mennen M, Skelem S, Adriaanse M, Facey-Thomas H, Scott C, Day J, Spracklen TF, van Graan S, Balla SR, Moyo-Gwete T, Moore PL, MacGinty R, Botha M, Workman L, Johnson M, Goldblatt D, Zar HJ, Ntusi NA, Zühlke L, Webb K, Riou C, Burgers WA, Keeton RS. Distinct T cell polyfunctional profile in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative children associated with endemic human coronavirus cross-reactivity. iScience 2024; 27:108728. [PMID: 38235336 PMCID: PMC10792240 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection in children typically results in asymptomatic or mild disease. There is a paucity of studies on SARS-CoV-2 antiviral immunity in African children. We investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in 71 unvaccinated asymptomatic South African children who were seropositive or seronegative for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell responses were detectable in 83% of seropositive and 60% of seronegative children. Although the magnitude of the CD4+ T cell response did not differ significantly between the two groups, their functional profiles were distinct, with SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children exhibiting a higher proportion of polyfunctional T cells compared to their seronegative counterparts. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells in seronegative children was associated with the endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) HKU1 IgG response. Overall, the presence of SARS-CoV-2-responding T cells in seronegative children may result from cross-reactivity to endemic coronaviruses and could contribute to the relative protection from disease observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntombi Benede
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Marius B. Tincho
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Avril Walters
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Vennesa Subbiah
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Amkele Ngomti
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Richard Baguma
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Claire Butters
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Lina Hahnle
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Mathilda Mennen
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Sango Skelem
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Marguerite Adriaanse
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Heidi Facey-Thomas
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christiaan Scott
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Day
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Timothy F. Spracklen
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Parow Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Strauss van Graan
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sashkia R. Balla
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thandeka Moyo-Gwete
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rae MacGinty
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maresa Botha
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lesley Workman
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marina Johnson
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Heather J. Zar
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A.B. Ntusi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Liesl Zühlke
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Parow Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Webb
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Crick African Network, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Wendy A. Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Roanne S. Keeton
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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8
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Sabale U, Murtagh J, Cochrane J, Riley D, Perry R, Heron L, Bonanni P, Navarro Alonso J, Eskola J, Laigle V. Assessment of the comprehensiveness of paediatric national immunisation programmes in Europe: expert validation and future perspectives. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:324-335. [PMID: 38420698 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2324939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breadth of protection of National Immunisation Programmes (NIPs) across Europe varies, however, this has not been assessed within published literature. Therefore, a framework was developed to assess the comprehensiveness of pediatric NIPs in Europe. This study aimed to validate and further develop criteria used to cluster countries into three tiers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Independent Europe-based experts (n = 23) in the field of pediatric vaccination were invited to participate in a double-blinded modified Delphi panel, with two online survey rounds and a virtual consensus meeting. Consensus was defined as ≥ 80% of experts rating their agreement/disagreement on a 9-point Likert scale. RESULTS The number of preventable diseases covered by an NIP, simplification of the vaccination calendar, strengthened protection by increasing serotype, degree of funding and epidemiological factors were considered key concepts for consideration of the comprehensiveness of pediatric NIPs in Europe. Experts highlighted that the framework should be extended to include adolescent vaccines and populations up to 18 years of age. Consensus regarding further amendments to the framework was also reached. CONCLUSIONS This Delphi panel validated a framework to assess the comprehensiveness of European NIPs. The framework can be used to facilitate discussions to help countries improve and expand the breadth of protection provided by their NIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugne Sabale
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), MSD, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janice Murtagh
- Global Medical and Scientific Affairs, Vaccines, MSD, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Bonanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jose Navarro Alonso
- Permanent Honorary Consultant, Vaccinology Area, Spanish Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juhani Eskola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Ma J, Johnson EA, McCrory B. Predicting risk factors for pediatric mortality in clinical trial research: A retrospective, cross-sectional study using a Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e211. [PMID: 37900356 PMCID: PMC10603364 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Incorporating real-world data using "big data" analysis in healthcare are useful to extract specific information for healthcare delivery system improvement. All-cause mortality is an essential measure to enhance patient safety in clinical trial research, especially for underrepresented pediatric participants. Objective This study aimed to determine the associations between pediatric mortality and patient-specific factors using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) database. Methods Data from the 2019 the HCUP Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) were used to conduct a logistic regression analysis to determine associations between pediatric patients' the chance of survival and their demographic and socioeconomic background, discharge records, and hospital information. Results Total number of diagnoses (OR = 0.84), total number of procedures (OR = 0.86), length of stay (OR = 1.04), age intervals greater than 1 year (OR > 1.0), transfer into the hospital from a different acute care (OR = 0.34), major diagnoses of multiple significant trauma (OR = 0.03) or hepatobiliary system and pancreas (OR = 0.10), region of hospital - west and midwest (OR > 1.0), and medium or larger hospital bed size (OR > 1.0) were all significantly associated with the chance of survival for patients participating in pediatric clinical trials (p < 0.05). Conclusion Real-world clinical trial data analysis showed the potential improvement area including reallocating trial resources to promote trial quality and safe participation for pediatric patients. Pediatric trials need tools that are developed using user-centered design approaches to satisfy the unique needs and requirements of pediatric patients and their caregivers. Safe intrahospital transfer procedures and active dissemination of successful trial best practices are crucial to trial management, adherence, quality, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ma
- Montana State University, Norm Asbjornson College of Engineering, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Johnson
- Montana State University, Mark & Robyn Jones College of Nursing, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Bernadette McCrory
- Montana State University, Norm Asbjornson College of Engineering, Bozeman, MT, USA
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10
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Achiro E, Okidi L, Echodu R, Alarakol SP, Nassanga P, Ongeng D. Status of food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices of caregivers of children in northern Uganda. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5472-5491. [PMID: 37701219 PMCID: PMC10494620 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety of homemade weaning foods in low- and middle-income countries is of great concern as rural households have limited access to standardized commercial weaning foods. In the Acholi subregion of Uganda, complementary foods are locally produced. However, there is limited information on the Food safety knowledge (FSK), food safety attitude (FSA), and food hygiene practices (FHP) of the caregivers. This study examined food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices of the caregivers of children 6-23 months of age in Amuru and Nwoya districts, Northern Uganda, between March 2019 and June 2019. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 180 caregivers. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions and analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariate binary logistic regression, and thematic content analysis. Caregivers had sufficient FSK (74.1%) and positive FSA (68.1%). However, only 17.6% of them adhered to FHP. Frequency of food safety training (p = .041) and households with children who suffered from foodborne illness (p = .001) significantly predicted FSK. Conversely, both FSK and FSA were significantly predicted by gender roles in decision-making on household income (p = .006) and households with older children (p = .041). A significant positive correlation was observed between FSK and FSA (r = .406, p = .000). However, major barriers to adherence to FHP were inadequate sanitation facilities and caregiver's workload. The overall nontranslation of sufficient FSK and positive FSA into proper FHP calls for future intervention to harness the sociodemographic factors that influence FSK and FSA and address the barriers to FHP among caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Achiro
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentGulu UniversityGuluUganda
| | - Lawrence Okidi
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentGulu UniversityGuluUganda
| | - Richard Echodu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceGulu UniversityGuluUganda
| | - Simon Peter Alarakol
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineGulu UniversityGuluUganda
| | - Prossy Nassanga
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentGulu UniversityGuluUganda
| | - Duncan Ongeng
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentGulu UniversityGuluUganda
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11
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Marusca LM, Reddy G, Blaj M, Prathipati R, Rosca O, Bratosin F, Bogdan I, Horhat RM, Tapos GF, Marti DT, Susan M, Pingilati RA, Horhat FG, Adelina M. The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Respiratory Infections in Children under 6 Years Old: A Systematic Review. Diseases 2023; 11:104. [PMID: 37606475 PMCID: PMC10443358 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood respiratory tract infections (RTIs) pose a significant health burden, especially in children under six years old. The main objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of RTI in this population while also exploring potential effect modifiers such as age, baseline vitamin D status, and type of respiratory infection. A systematic review of the literature published up to February 2023 was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, searching PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, which investigated the association between vitamin D supplementation and respiratory infections in children between zero and five years old. The included studies were conducted between 2012 and 2021, encompassing a total of 2189 children from five randomized trials, two case-control studies, and one prospective cohort study. The relationship between vitamin D supplementation and the prevention of childhood RTI was not consistently observed across all included studies. Pooled results demonstrated varied effects of vitamin D supplementation on respiratory infection incidence, severity, and symptoms. Three studies reported statistically significant associations between low vitamin D levels and respiratory infections (OR = 4.90, OR = 6.97), while one study found that children who received vitamin D supplementation of 800 UI/day for 3 months during the cold season had fewer episodes of respiratory symptoms (RR = 0.55) and recovered more quickly from acute RTI. Lastly, according to one study, vitamin D intake < 80 IU/kg/day was significantly associated with the risk of acquiring pneumonia (OR 7.9) but not bronchiolitis. The remaining five studies found no statistically significant differences in infection rates or severity (p-value > 0.050). The available evidence on the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for preventing and treating respiratory infections in children under six years old is limited, with only a few favorable effects being reported. In some cases, a dose of 80 UI/kg/day was found to provide significant protection for acute respiratory infections, although in the major trials the only benefit was a quicker recovery and fewer respiratory symptoms, with no impact on incidence and severity of respiratory infections. Nevertheless, the study protocol, the supplementation dose, and duration of supplementation had significant variations between studies, leading to inconclusive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Mihaela Marusca
- Laboratory Medicine, “Louis Turcanu” Emergency Hospital for Children, Doctor Iosif Nemoianu Street, 300011 Timisoara, Romania;
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Gowry Reddy
- New York Medical College at St. Mary’s and St. Clare’s Hospital, Denville, NJ 07834, USA;
| | - Mihaela Blaj
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Ovidiu Rosca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Felix Bratosin
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.B.); (I.B.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Iulia Bogdan
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.B.); (I.B.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Razvan Mihai Horhat
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Gabriela-Florentina Tapos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Arad County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Calea Victoriei, 310037 Arad, Romania;
| | - Daniela-Teodora Marti
- Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, Revolutiei Square 94, 310025 Arad, Romania;
| | - Monica Susan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Medical Semiology I, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Raja Akshay Pingilati
- Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Suraram Main Road 138, Hyderabad 500055, India;
| | - Florin George Horhat
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), Microbiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Mavrea Adelina
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology Clinic, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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12
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Lyski ZL, Porter C, Uhrlaub JL, Ellingson KD, Jeddy Z, Gwynn L, Rivers P, Sprissler R, Hegmann KT, Coughlin M, Fowlkes A, Hollister J, LeClair L, Mak J, Beitel SC, Fuller S, Grant L, Newes-Adeyi G, Yoo YM, Olsho L, Burgess JL, Caban-Martinez A, Yoon S, Britton A, Gaglani M, Lutrick K. Humoral Immune Response to Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Among Children Aged 5-11 Years in a Multisite Prospective Cohort Study, September 2021-September 2022. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad431. [PMID: 37663086 PMCID: PMC10468733 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The PROTECT study is a longitudinal cohort study initiated in July 2021 with weekly testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 4 states: Arizona, Florida, exas, and Utah. This study aims to examine vaccine-elicited antibody response against postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections. Methods Children aged 5-11 years had serum collected 14-59 days after their second dose of monovalent Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 messenger RNA vaccine. Vaccine-elicited antibodies were measured using the area under the curve (AUC) and end-point titer using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (receptor-binding domain [RBD] and S2) and surrogate neutralization assays against ancestral (WA1) and Omicron (BA.2). Results 79 vaccinated participants (33 [41.7%] female; median age, 8.8 years [standard deviation, 1.9 years]), 48 (60.8%) were from Tucson, Arizona; 64 (81.0%) were non-Hispanic white; 63 (80.8%) attended school in person; 68 (86.1%) did not have any chronic conditions; and 47 (59.5%) were infected after vaccination. Uninfected children had higher AUCs against WA1 (P = .009) and Omicron (P = .02). The geometric mean and surrogate neutralization titer above the limit of detection was 346.0 for WA1 and 39.7 for Omicron, an 8.7-fold decrease (P < .001). After adjustment of covariates in the WA1-specific model, we observed a 47% reduction in the odds of postvaccination infection for every standard deviation increase in RBD AUC (aOR, 0.53 [95% confidence interval, .29-.97) and a 69% reduction in the odds of infection for every 3-fold increase in RBD end titer (0.31 [.06-1.57]). Conclusions Children with higher antibody levels experienced a lower incidence of postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L Lyski
- Immunobiology, College of Medicine–Tucson, University of Arizona, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Cynthia Porter
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Immunobiology, College of Medicine–Tucson, University of Arizona, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Katherine D Ellingson
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Zuha Jeddy
- Abt Associates, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa Gwynn
- Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick Rivers
- Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine–Tucson, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ryan Sprissler
- University of Arizona Genetics Core—Center for Applied Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kurt T Hegmann
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Melissa Coughlin
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashley Fowlkes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James Hollister
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Josephine Mak
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shawn C Beitel
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Lauren Grant
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Young M Yoo
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Sarang Yoon
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amadea Britton
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Karen Lutrick
- Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine–Tucson, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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13
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Zhu W, Liu S, Shi Y, Tang Q, Sun J, Bai R, Sun Z, Du Z. The epidemic of acute lymphoid leukemia in China: current trends and future prediction. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1195065. [PMID: 37397360 PMCID: PMC10313194 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1195065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background China has experienced one of the fastest increases in the incidence of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). The aim of this study was to assess the long-term trends of the incidence and mortality of ALL in mainland China between 1990 and 2019 and to project these trends through 2028. Methods Data on ALL were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019; population data were extracted from World Population Prospects 2019. An age-period-cohort framework was used in the analysis. Results The net drift for the incidence of ALL was 7.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.1%, 7.8%) per year in women and 7.1% (95% CI: 6.7%, 7.6%) in men, and local drift was found to be higher than 0 in every studied age group (p<0.05). The net drift for mortality was 1.2% (95% CI: 1.0%, 1.5%) in women and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.7%, 2.3%) in men. Local drift was lower than 0 in boys aged 0-4 years and girls aged 0-9 years and higher than 0 in men aged 10-84 years and women aged 15-84 years. The estimated period relative risks (RRs) for both incidence and mortality showed increasing trends in the recent period. The cohort RRs for incidence showed increasing trends in both sexes; however, the cohort RR for mortality was decreased in the recent birth cohort (women born after 1988-1992 and men born after 2003-2007). Compared with that in 2019, the incidence of ALL in 2028 is projected to increase by 64.1% in men and 75.0% in women, and the mortality is predicted to decrease by 11.1% in men and 14.3% in women. The proportion of older adult/adults individuals with incident ALL and ALL-related death was projected to increase. Conclusions Over the last three decades, the incidence and mortality rates of ALL have generally increased. It is projected that the incidence rate of ALL in mainland China will continue to increase in the future, but the associated mortality rate will decline. The proportion of older adult/adults individuals with incident ALL and ALL-related death was projected to increase gradually among both sexes. More efforts are needed, especially for older adult/adults individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shixuan Liu
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Chronic Disease, Xi'an Weiyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingyu Tang
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruhai Bai
- School of Public Affairs, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonghe Sun
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoqing Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Siemaszko J, Ussowicz M, Rybka B, Ryczan-Krawczyk R, Kałwak K, Bogunia-Kubik K. The impact of NKG2A and NKG2D receptors and HLA-E and MICA ligands polymorphisms on post-transplant complications after paediatric allogeneic HSCT: a single-centre experience. Front Genet 2023; 14:1186123. [PMID: 37351346 PMCID: PMC10282657 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1186123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Natural Killer cells are the first subpopulation of lymphocytes that reconstitute after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Their activity is regulated by various receptor-ligand interactions, including stimulation of the activating NKG2D receptor by the MICA molecule, and inhibitory NKG2A receptor interacting with the HLA-E. In this study the research effort focused on the effect of selected NKG2A and NKG2D receptors and their ligands (HLA-E and MICA molecules) polymorphisms that may affect the pathomechanisms of post-transplant complications after HSCT in children. Methods: One hundred donor-recipient pairs from a single paediatric transplantation centre were investigated. Altogether six single nucleotide substitutions (NKG2A rs7301582; NKG2D rs1049174, rs1154831; HLA-E rs1264457; MICA rs1051792, rs1063635) were genotyped, and the influence of polymorphisms was analysed on acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection incidence, disease relapse and survival. Results: The distribution of the evaluated polymorphisms did not differ between patients and their donors. The results showed a significant influence of HLA-E rs1264457 polymorphism in patients' HLA-E*01:01 allele, which was associated with increased risk of CMV infection (p = 0.050), especially in children positive for CMV IgG before transplantation (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the effect of HLA-E*01:01 allele on CMV infections was more evident in children above the age of 7 years (p = 0.031). Strong tendencies (0.05 < p < 0.10) towards association with the risk of acute GvHD were also observed for the NKG2A or MICA polymorphisms of the recipients. In addition, NKG2D rs1154831 AA and MICA rs1063635 GG might play a protective role as they were not present in any recipient who died after transplantation. Conclusion: In summary, there is emerging evidence that genotyping results of NKG2 receptors and their ligands, may have prognostic value for the outcome of paediatric allogeneic HSCT, but more extensive studies performed on larger groups of donors and transplant recipients are required to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Siemaszko
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Ussowicz
- Department and Clinic of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Blanka Rybka
- Department and Clinic of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Renata Ryczan-Krawczyk
- Department and Clinic of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kałwak
- Department and Clinic of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Cortés-Sarabia K, Guzman-Silva V, Martinez-Pacheco KM, Meza-Hernández JA, Luna-Pineda VM, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Vences-Velázquez A, Beltrán-Anaya FO, Del Moral-Hernández O, Illades-Aguiar B. Detection of IgA and IgG Antibodies against the Structural Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in Breast Milk and Serum Samples Derived from Breastfeeding Mothers. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040966. [PMID: 37112946 PMCID: PMC10144911 DOI: 10.3390/v15040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection is associated with the development of immunity. The search of IgA and IgG antibodies against all the structural proteins (spike, nucleocapsid, membrane, and envelope) of SARS-CoV-2 in breastfeeding mothers is associated with immunity that can help the newborn avoid development of the infection. Methods: In this study, we analyzed 30 breastfeeding women that provided samples of breast milk and serum and evaluated the presence of IgA, total IgG, and subclasses against the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Results: We reported a high seroprevalence to IgA (76.67-100%) and negativity to IgG against all analyzed proteins in breast milk. Seroprevalence in serum samples was around 10-36.67% to IgA and 23.3-60% to IgG. Finally, we detected the presence of the subclasses IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 against all the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: This work provides evidence of the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies against the four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk and serum samples derived from breastfeeding women, which can confer immunity to the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cortés-Sarabia
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Vianey Guzman-Silva
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Karla Montserrat Martinez-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alberto Meza-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Luna-Pineda
- Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Amalia Vences-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Fredy Omar Beltrán-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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16
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Machura E, Krakowczyk H, Bąk-Drabik K, Szczepańska M. SARS-CoV-2 Infection as a Possible Trigger for IgA-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020344. [PMID: 36832473 PMCID: PMC9955818 DOI: 10.3390/children10020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA-associated vasculitis (IgAV), formerly known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) disease, is the most common type of systemic vasculitis observed during developmental age. Available published studies associate the outbreak of the disease with streptococci, adenovirus, parvovirus, mycoplasma, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza infection in approximately 50% of patients with HSP, while some emerging reports have described a few cases of COVID-19 infection being associated with HSP in both adults and children. CASE PRESENTATION a 7-year-old girl was diagnosed with HSP, fulfilling the four required clinical criteria (palpable purpura and abdominal pain, arthralgia and edema, and periodic renal involvement). Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed via the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies. The disclosure of the Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) disease was preceded by a mild, symptomatically treated infection of the upper respiratory tract. High levels of inflammatory markers were observed during hospitalization, including leukocytosis, an increased neutrophil count and a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). All of these markers are associated with IgAV gastrointestinal bleeding, which was also associated with rotavirus diarrhea observed in the patient. CONCLUSIONS This case presented by us and similar cases presented by other authors indicate the possible role of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of HSP, but this assumption requires further research and evidence-based verification.
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17
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Zhang M, Zhang P, Liang Y, Du B, Li L, Yu Z, Wang H, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zhang W. A systematic review of current status and challenges of vaccinating children against SARS-CoV-2. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1212-1224. [PMID: 36257126 PMCID: PMC9557115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has inflicted immense damage to countries, economies and societies worldwide. Authorized COVID-19 vaccines based on different platforms have been widely inoculated in adults, showing up to 100% immunogenicity with significant efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections and the occurrence of severe COVID-19. It has also greatly slowed the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, as shown in clinical trials and real-world evidence. However, the total dosage of COVID-19 vaccines for children is much smaller than that for adults due to limitations from parental concern of vaccine safety, presenting a potential obstacle in ending the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 not only increases the risk of severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children, but also negatively affects children's psychology and academics, indirectly hindering the maintenance and progress of normal social order. Therefore, this article examines the clinical manifestations of children infected with SARS-CoV-2, the status of vaccination against COVID-19 in children, vaccination-related adverse events, and the unique immune mechanisms of children. In particular, the necessity and challenges of vaccinating children against SARS-CoV-2 were highlighted from the perspectives of society and family. In summary, parental hesitancy is unnecessary as adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination have been proven to be infrequent, comprise of mild symptoms, and have a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Bang Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Zhidan Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Qionglin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
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18
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Okidi L, Ongeng D, Muliro PS, Matofari JW. Agroecology influences Salmonella food contamination with high exposure risk among children in Karamoja sub-region: A high diarrhoea prevalent locality in Uganda. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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The Willingness of Parents to Vaccinate Their Children Aged from Five to under Twelve Years with COVID-19 Vaccines between February and March 2022 in Vietnam. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111775. [PMID: 36366283 PMCID: PMC9695614 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study used data surveyed with 5357 parents/guardians (parents would be used to represent both 'parents' and 'guardians' hereafter) between February and March 2022 in Vietnam to examine their willingness to vaccinate their children with current COVID-19 vaccines. It applied the multinomial logistic regression model to examine the association between the willingness of parents and selected influential factors. In addition, the reasons that made parent hesitant or unwilling to vaccinate their children were investigated. Moreover, it identified parents' preferences for vaccine origins. Approximately, 75.4% of the parents were willing, 21.3% were hesitant and 3.3% were unwilling to vaccinate their children. The most common reasons that made the parents hesitant or unwilling to vaccinate their children were their concerns about the vaccine safety, efficacy and immunity. The most and the second most preferred vaccines were those developed/originated in the US and EU, respectively. Parents who were more likely to vaccinate their children included those whose children were insured, who regularly vaccinated their children, who belonged to the vaccine priority groups, who possessed sufficient knowledge about the ways to prevent the virus or about the herd immunity, and who perceived that their children might be infected with the virus and whose children were afraid of needles. Parents who were less likely to vaccinate their children included those who were the family main income source, who had savings, and who had tertiary education or higher.
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20
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Tallei TE, Alhumaid S, AlMusa Z, Fatimawali, Kusumawaty D, Alynbiawi A, Alshukairi AN, Rabaan AA. Update on the omicron sub-variants BA.4 and BA.5. Rev Med Virol 2022; 33:e2391. [PMID: 36017597 PMCID: PMC9539252 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several nations have recently begun to relax their public health protocols, particularly regarding the use of face masks when engaging in outdoor activities. This is because there has been a general trend towards fewer cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, new Omicron sub-variants (designated BA.4 and BA.5) have recently emerged. These two subvariants are thought to be the cause of an increase in COVID-19 cases in South Africa, the United States, and Europe. They have also begun to spread throughout Asia. They evolved from the Omicron lineage with characteristics that make them even more contagious and which allow them to circumvent immunity from a previous infection or vaccination. This article reviews a number of scientific considerations about these new variants, including their apparently reduced clinical severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesSam Ratulangi UniversityManadoNorth SulawesiIndonesia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical CareAl‐Ahsa Health ClusterMinistry of HealthAl‐AhsaSaudi Arabia
| | - Zainab AlMusa
- Infectious Disease SectionInternal Medicine DepartmentKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia
| | - Fatimawali
- Pharmacy Study ProgramFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesSam Ratulangi UniversityManadoNorth SulawesiIndonesia
| | - Diah Kusumawaty
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences EducationUniversitas Pendidikan IndonesiaBandungIndonesia
| | - Ahlam Alynbiawi
- Infectious Diseases SectionMedical Specialties DepartmentKing Fahad Medical CityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Abeer N. Alshukairi
- Department of MedicineKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterJeddahSaudi Arabia,College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia,Molecular Diagnostic LaboratoryJohns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia,Department of Public Health and NutritionThe University of HaripurHaripurPakistan
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21
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Almaghrabi R, Shaiba LA, Babic I, Abdelbaky M, Aljuhani SI, Omer M, Abdelmaksoud HA, Abdulghani S, Hadid A, Arafah MA, Omar Ali NM, Alamir A, Alateah S, Salem HAB, Alrumaihi AM, Bukhari M, Aljubab R, AlSaud N, Alhetheel AF, Somily AM, Albarrag AM, Alahdal HM, Sonbol H, Alnemri A, Alzamil F. Possible vertical transmission of corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) from infected pregnant mothers to neonates: a multicenter study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:9558-9567. [PMID: 35282749 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2047926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious with various possible routes of transmission, resulting in high mortality globally. Controversy exists regarding the vertical transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection to fetuses of COVID-19-infected women. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19-infected mothers to their neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively collected demographical and clinical characteristics of 31 COVID-19 positive pregnant women and their neonates. All mothers and neonates were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection using the real-time polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swabs and breast milk samples. Antenatal and placental abnormalities were ultrasonically and histopathologically examined. In cord blood samples, the immunoglobins (Ig) M and IgG were estimated qualitatively. RESULTS The women's mean age and gestational age were 31 years and 38 weeks, respectively, with 58% undergoing an elective cesarean section. Gestational diabetes was reported in 29% of cases, 64.5% of women were medically free and only 16.12% were symptomatic. A normal antenatal ultrasound was observed in 77.42% of cases. Nine cord blood samples were positive for IgG. Villous infarction (24%), villous agglutination, and chorangiosis (51%), accelerated villous maturation (21%) and reduced and hypercoiling were reported for 6.97% of the umbilical cords. Three newborns had possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which, two were preterm and IUFD. The third neonate was born full-term, admitted to NICU and later discharged in good health. CONCLUSION Our findings support the possibility of the direct vertical transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection to neonates from infected mothers. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to validate the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Almaghrabi
- Pediatric Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lana A Shaiba
- Pediatric Department, College of medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Inas Babic
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Abdelbaky
- Registrar Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Ibrahim Aljuhani
- Consultant of Obstetrics and Gynecologist, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Omer
- Registrar Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sahar Abdulghani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Khalid University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Hadid
- Pediatric Department, College of medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria A Arafah
- Department of Pathology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagoud Mohamed Omar Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alamir
- Clinical Scientist, Molecular Microbiology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souad Alateah
- Medical Laboratory Scientific Officer (MLSO), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Howaida A Bin Salem
- Medical Laboratory Scientific Officer (MLSO), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Microbiology), College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Muhammed Alrumaihi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Microbiology), College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahdyah Bukhari
- Department of Pathology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Aljubab
- Department of Pathology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora AlSaud
- Pediatric Department, College of medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim F Alhetheel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Microbiology), College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Somily
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Microbiology), College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Albarrag
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Microbiology), College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadil Mohammad Alahdal
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Sonbol
- Biology Department, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alnemri
- Pediatric Department, College of medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alzamil
- Pediatric Department, College of medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Bellini T, Rotulo GA, Caruggi S, Carta S, Bonato I, Piccotti E. Characteristics of COVID-19 patients up to 6 months of age admitted to a paediatric emergency department. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:272-274. [PMID: 34704279 PMCID: PMC8653029 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Very young age could be a potential risk factor for community-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, due to immature immune systems. We retrospectively enrolled 39 infants up to 6 months of age who had presented to our tertiary Italian children's hospital emergency room between 9 March 2020 and 8 March 2021 and tested positive for the virus. Of those, 38 had a non-specific mild or asymptomatic clinical course and only one patient was admitted to intensive care with severe symptoms. We concluded that very young infants with COVID-19 had a generally favourable disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Bellini
- Pediatric Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine Unit Giannina Gaslini Children HospitalIRCCS Genoa Italy
| | - Gioacchino Andrea Rotulo
- Clinical and Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO) Bambino Gesù Children HospitalIRCCS Rome Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - Samuele Caruggi
- Pediatric Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine Unit Giannina Gaslini Children HospitalIRCCS Genoa Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - Sabina Carta
- Pediatric Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine Unit Giannina Gaslini Children HospitalIRCCS Genoa Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - Irene Bonato
- Pediatric Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine Unit Giannina Gaslini Children HospitalIRCCS Genoa Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - Emanuela Piccotti
- Pediatric Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine Unit Giannina Gaslini Children HospitalIRCCS Genoa Italy
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23
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Salvador-Pinos CA, Martinez EZ, Dueñas-Matute SE, Aguinaga RRD, Jácome JC, Michelena-Tupiza S, Cárdenas-Morales V. Health of the Newborn and Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA : REVISTA DA FEDERACAO BRASILEIRA DAS SOCIEDADES DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA 2022; 44:311-318. [PMID: 35100631 PMCID: PMC9948297 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present article presents a literature review concerning the microbiota of breast milk and the influence of epigenetics in the susceptibility to COVID-19. METHODS A literature review. RESULTS Breastfeeding transfers microbiota, nutrients, diverse white blood cells, prebiotics, hormones, and antibodies to the baby, which provide short- and long-term immunological protection against several infectious, gastrointestinal, and respiratory illnesses. The little evidence available shows that breast milk very rarely carries the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and even in those cases, it has been discarded as the source of contagion. CONCLUSION The reviewed studies show evidence of a beneficial effect of breastfeeding and highlights its importance on the current pandemic due to the immune reinforcement that it provides. Breastfed individuals showed better clinical response due to the influence on the microbiota and to the nutritional and immune contribution provided by breast milk, compared with those who were not breastfed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Susana Eulalia Dueñas-Matute
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Carlos Jácome
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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24
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Duale A, Singh P, Al Khodor S. Breast Milk: A Meal Worth Having. Front Nutr 2022; 8:800927. [PMID: 35155521 PMCID: PMC8826470 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.800927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A mother is gifted with breast milk, the natural source of nutrition for her infant. In addition to the wealth of macro and micro-nutrients, human milk also contains many microorganisms, few of which originate from the mother, while others are acquired from the mouth of the infant and the surroundings. Among these microbes, the most commonly residing bacteria are Staphylococci, Streptococci, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. These microorganisms initiate and help the development of the milk microbiota as well as the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract in infants, and contribute to developing immune regulatory factors such as cytokines, growth factors, lactoferrin among others. These factors play an important role in reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, asthma and others later in life. In this review, we will summarize the known benefits of breastfeeding and highlight the role of the breast milk microbiota and its cross-talk with the immune system in breastfed babies during the early years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoud Duale
- Division of Maternal and Child Health, Department of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Parul Singh
- Division of Maternal and Child Health, Department of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- Division of Maternal and Child Health, Department of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Souhaila Al Khodor
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25
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Karabay M, Toptan H. Short-Term Outcomes in Neonates and Preterm Infants with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Acquired Postpartum. J PEDIAT INF DIS-GER 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective There are limited data regarding the hospital and postdischarge course of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in newborns. This study aimed to present the data of such cases in newborns.
Methods We retrospectively evaluated the predischarge and postdischarge records of newborns followed-up in the neonatal intensive care unit between June 2, 2020, and April 30, 2021 and who had positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19.
Results Eleven newborns had positive PCR tests for COVID-19 during the study period. The prenatal COVID-19 PCR test of the mothers of the newborns was negative. The cases with a postnatal age of 10 to 60 days according to chronological age were hospitalized due to positive COVID-19 PCR test. Either or both the parents of these cases were severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) PCR positive on nasopharyngeal swab obtained simultaneously. All breast milk samples were negative for COVID-19 virus. The mean D-dimer value of the cases was 3,430 µg FEU/L at the time of hospitalization and 307 µg FEU/L after discharge. None of the cases were given any specific antiviral treatment. The cases were discharged with full recovery. No rehospitalizations or deaths occurred during the 3-month follow-up after discharge.
Conclusion In most COVID-19 newborns, the disease was transmitted by infected parents, and the course of the infection was either asymptomatic or associated with only mild symptoms. No complications or deaths were observed during the 3-month follow-up after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Karabay
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Hande Toptan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
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26
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Campos M, Sempere JM, Galán JC, Moya A, Llorens C, de-Los-Angeles C, Baquero-Artigao F, Cantón R, Baquero F. Simulating the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions limiting transmission in COVID-19 epidemics using a membrane computing model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:uqab011. [PMID: 34642663 PMCID: PMC8499911 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemics caused by microbial organisms are part of the natural phenomena of increasing biological complexity. The heterogeneity and constant variability of hosts, in terms of age, immunological status, family structure, lifestyle, work activities, social and leisure habits, daily division of time and other demographic characteristics make it extremely difficult to predict the evolution of epidemics. Such prediction is, however, critical for implementing intervention measures in due time and with appropriate intensity. General conclusions should be precluded, given that local parameters dominate the flow of local epidemics. Membrane computing models allows us to reproduce the objects (viruses and hosts) and their interactions (stochastic but also with defined probabilities) with an unprecedented level of detail. Our LOIMOS model helps reproduce the demographics and social aspects of a hypothetical town of 10 320 inhabitants in an average European country where COVID-19 is imported from the outside. The above-mentioned characteristics of hosts and their lifestyle are minutely considered. For the data in the Hospital and the ICU we took advantage of the observations at the Nursery Intensive Care Unit of the Consortium University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain (included as author). The dynamics of the epidemics are reproduced and include the effects on viral transmission of innate and acquired immunity at various ages. The model predicts the consequences of delaying the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (between 15 and 45 days after the first reported cases) and the effect of those interventions on infection and mortality rates (reducing transmission by 20, 50 and 80%) in immunological response groups. The lockdown for the elderly population as a single intervention appears to be effective. This modeling exercise exemplifies the application of membrane computing for designing appropriate multilateral interventions in epidemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Campos
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, M-607, km 9,1 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Sempere
- Valencian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence (VRAIN), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J C Galán
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, M-607, km 9,1 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Moya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, M-607, km 9,1. 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Llorens
- Biotechvana, Valencia, CEEI Building, Valencia Technological Park., C. agustín Escardino 9, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - C de-Los-Angeles
- Nursery Unit, Intensive Care Unit and Pain Therapy, Consortium University General Hospital (CHGUV)., Av. Tres Cruces 2, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - F Baquero-Artigao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Pediatrics, La Paz University Hospital., Av. Monforte de Lemos 2D, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Cantón
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, M-607, km 9,1 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, M-607, km 9,1 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Diverse Manifestations of COVID-19: Some Suggested Mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189785. [PMID: 34574709 PMCID: PMC8470024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the novel respiratory disease COVID-19, has reached pandemic status and presents a wide range of manifestations of diverse magnitude, including fever, cough, shortness of breath, and damage to vital organs, such as the heart, lung, kidney, and brain. Normally, older individuals and those with underlying health issues are more at risk. However, about 40% of COVID-19 positive individuals are asymptomatic. This review aims to identify suggested mechanisms of diverse manifestations of COVID-19. Studies suggest that T cell-mediated immunity and specific and/or nonspecific immunity from other vaccines could protect against SARS-CoV-2. The potential role of cross-reacting antibodies to coronaviruses that cause the common cold, mumps virus, polio virus, and pneumococcal bacteria are also suggested to help protect against COVID-19. Decreased production of Type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β) could also be linked to COVID-19 manifestations. Several studies suggest that ACE2 cell membrane receptors are involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the relationship between an abundance of ACE2 receptors and the infectivity of the virus is unknown. Unlocking these manifestation mysteries could be crucial as this could help researchers better understand the virulence, pathology, and immune responses associated with SARS-CoV-2, leading to the development of effective therapies and treatment plans.
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Qureshi SS, Ramraj D, Chinnaswamy G, Parambil BC, Prasad M, Amin N, Ramanathan S, Khanna N, Laskar S. Assessment of outcomes of elective cancer surgeries in children during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Retrospective cohort study from a tertiary cancer center in India. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26752. [PMID: 34477115 PMCID: PMC8415926 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To describe the outcomes of elective cancer surgeries and adverse consequences on the patients and medical staff due to the surgical interventions in children during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.The study included children younger than 15 years who underwent elective cancer surgeries from March 4, 2020 and December 3, 2020.A total of 121 patients (62% male; median age, 3 years) underwent surgery. The surgical procedures included nephrectomies (n = 18), neuroblastoma (n = 26) and soft tissue tumor resections (n = 24) and complex surgical procedures like extended liver resections (n = 2), intra-atrial thrombectomy under cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 2), pancreatoduodenectomy (n = 1), and free microvascular flaps (n = 7). Clavien-Dindo Grade III complications were 5% (n = 6), and there were no postoperative deaths. Preoperative COVID-19 testing was performed in 82% of children, and only 2% showed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity. Postoperatively, 26 children were tested because of specific symptoms and, 6 tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Except for a median delay of 23 days in treatment, none of the patients with COVID-19 required critical hospital management. None of the surgical residents or faculty acquired COVID-19, while 4 each medical and support staff were tested positive in the study period.COVID-19 was not a deterrent for continued cancer care, and surgeries could be safely performed adopting universal preventive measures without any added morbidity from COVID-19. Caregivers and centers dealing with childhood cancers can be encouraged to sustain or seek early healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid S. Qureshi
- Division of Paediatric Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Training Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Ramraj
- Division of Paediatric Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Training Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Girish Chinnaswamy
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Training Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Badira C. Parambil
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Training Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Maya Prasad
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Training Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Nayana Amin
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Department of Anaesthesia, Tata Memorial Hospital, and Advanced Centre for Training Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Subramaniam Ramanathan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Training Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Nehal Khanna
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Training Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Siddharth Laskar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Advanced Centre for Training Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
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“We Need such a Space”: Residents’ Motives for Visiting Urban Green Spaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in 2019, several cities have been blocked to prevent the expansion of the infection. This qualitative study aimed to determine the motives of urban residents for visiting urban green spaces during the epidemic (especially within the context of the city blockade), and what might weaken these motives. In total, 47 residents (17 men and 30 women) were recruited from Chengdu, in China, to participate in interviews. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data. According to the results, the motives of the respondents were divided into strong motives and weak motives. These strong motives for visiting UGS can be divided into four themes: “A place for health”, “Escape”, “Social support”, and “A safe and important place for outdoor activities”. Residents classified as the weak motive primarily considered the reasons of “Keep distance with others”, “Potential infection risk” and “Seek compensation”. The results of this study are significant for current and future urban management, green space planning, and social well-being.
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Busa F, Bardanzellu F, Pintus MC, Fanos V, Marcialis MA. COVID-19 and School: To Open or Not to Open, That Is the Question. The First Review on Current Knowledge. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:257-278. [PMID: 34205837 PMCID: PMC8293384 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented closure of schools in terms of duration. The option of school closure, SARS-CoV-2 initially being poorly known, was influenced by the epidemiological aspects of the influenza virus. However, school closure is still under debate and seems unsupported by sure evidence of efficacy in the COVID-19 era. The aim of our narrative review is to discuss the available literature on SARS-CoV-2 spread among children and adolescents, in the school setting, trying to explain why children appear less susceptible to severe disease and less involved in viral spreading. We also tried to define the efficacy of school closure, through an overview of the effects of the choices made by the various countries, trying to identify which preventive measures could be effective for a safe reopening. Finally, we focused on the psychological aspects of such a prolonged closure for children and adolescents. SARS-CoV-2, children, COVID-19, influenza, and school were used as key words in our literature research, updated to 29 March 2021. To our knowledge, this is the first review summarizing the whole current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 spreading among children and adolescents in the school setting, providing a worldwide overview in such a pandemic context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.P.); (V.F.); (M.A.M.)
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Khatiwada S, Subedi A. A Mechanistic Link Between Selenium and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:125-136. [PMID: 33835432 PMCID: PMC8033553 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging disease caused by a highly contagious virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and this disease has affected millions of people across the world and led to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. Nutrition is a key factor related to this disease, and nutritional status may determine the risk and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Selenium is one of the major trace elements required for redox functions and has significant roles in viral infections. The purpose of this review was to examine the current evidence on the role of selenium in COVID-19. We reviewed studies on selenium and COVID-19, and other relevant studies to understand how selenium status can modify the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and how selenium status might affect a person post-infection. Recent Findings We found that oxidative stress is a characteristic feature of COVID-19 disease, which is linked with the immunopathological disorder observed in individuals with severe COVID-19. Selenium plays a key role in strengthening immunity, reducing oxidative stress, preventing viral infections and supporting critical illness. Moreover, selenium deficiency is related to oxidative stress and hyperinflammation seen in critical illness, and selenium deficiency is found to be associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease. Summary Selenium supplementation at an appropriate dose may act as supportive therapy in COVID-19. Future studies in large cohorts of COVID-19 are warranted to verify the benefits of selenium supplementation for reducing risk and severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astha Subedi
- Medicine ICU, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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32
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Molloy EJ, Lavizzari A, Klingenberg C, Profit J, Zupancic JAF, Davis AS, Mosca F, Bearer CF, Roehr CC. Neonates in the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1038-1040. [PMID: 32746446 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J Molloy
- Paediatrics, Academic Centre, Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI) & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRICC), Dublin, Ireland. .,Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infants' University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,Neonatology, CHI at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Anna Lavizzari
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Jochen Profit
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - John A F Zupancic
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexis S Davis
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cynthia F Bearer
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Charles C Roehr
- Newborn Services, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Karshima SN, Karshima MN. Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium Infections among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: Results of Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:60-74. [PMID: 32683583 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cryptosporidium is implicated in diarrhea epidemics in many parts of the world and is said to be the most common protozoan cause of diarrhea among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) globally. To provide data on the burden of Cryptosporidium infections among Nigerians living with HIV/AIDS, we reported the prevalence, geographic distribution and Cryptosporidium species diversity among this population in Nigeria. METHODS We used the PRISMA guidelines to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published between January 1, 1995 and April 21, 2020. Pooled estimate (PE), heterogeneity, quality of each study and publication bias were determined using the random-effects model, Cochran's Q test, the 9 point Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument and the Egger's regression asymmetry test, respectively. RESULTS Forty-six articles reported 2612 positive cases of Cryptosporidium infections from 12,756 PLWHA examined in 20 Nigerian States and the Federal Capital Territory. Overall pooled estimate was 14.5% (95% CI 10.4-19.9) with a range of 0.3% (95% CI 0.0-1.8) to 43.7% (95% CI 35.6-52.3) across sub-groups, with the PEs in relation to CD4+ T cell count, species and age showing significant variations at p < 0.05. Cryptosporidium hominis was the most prevalent (3.5%, 95% CI 2.3-5.2) of the six Cryptosporidium species reported in Nigeria. CONCLUSION Cryptosporidium infections are moderately prevalent among PLWHA in Nigeria with the highest regional prevalence in the north-east. In addition to personal hygienic practices, the inclusion of Cryptosporidium screening as part of HIV/AIDS clinics in Nigeria will reduce the burden of the parasite among PLWHA in Nigeria.
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Kloc M, Ghobrial RM, Lipińska-Opałka A, Wawrzyniak A, Zdanowski R, Kalicki B, Kubiak JZ. Effects of vitamin D on macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) hyperinflammatory response in the lungs of COVID-19 patients. Cell Immunol 2021; 360:104259. [PMID: 33359760 PMCID: PMC7738277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D regulates homeostasis, anti-microbial response, and inflammation. The vitamin D receptors are expressed in the macrophages and other immune cells, regulating the transcription of many different genes, including those coding the anti-microbial peptides. One of the most severe complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection is the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by the hyperinflammatory response (commonly called cytokine storm) of the lung macrophages. Studies showed that Vitamin D deficiency increases the severity of the ARDS in COVID-19 infection. We discuss here how the vitamin D supplementation may influence macrophage and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) inflammatory response, subdue the hyperinflammatory response, and lessen the ARDS in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Rafik M Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Agnieszka Lipińska-Opałka
- Military Institute of Medicine, Clinic of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Child Allergology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Military Institute of Medicine, Clinic of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Child Allergology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine (WIM), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Boleslaw Kalicki
- Military Institute of Medicine, Clinic of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Child Allergology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland; UnivRennes, UMR 6290, CNRS, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Cell Cycle Group, Faculty of Medicine, Rennes, France.
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35
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Girona-Alarcon M, Bobillo-Perez S, Sole-Ribalta A, Hernandez L, Guitart C, Suarez R, Balaguer M, Cambra FJ, Jordan I. The different manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and children: a cohort study in an intensive care unit. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:87. [PMID: 33472588 PMCID: PMC7816131 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has collapsed health systems worldwide. In adults, the virus causes severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), while in children the disease seems to be milder, although a severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) has been described. The aim was to describe and compare the characteristics of the severe COVID-19 disease in adults and children. Methods This prospective observational cohort study included the young adults and children infected with SARS-CoV-2 between March–June 2020 and admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit. The two populations were analysed and compared focusing on their clinical and analytical characteristics and outcomes. Results Twenty patients were included. There were 16 adults (80%) and 4 children (20%). No mortality was recorded. All the adults were admitted due to ARDS. The median age was 32 years (IQR 23.3–41.5) and the most relevant previous pathology was obesity (n = 7, 43.7%). Thirteen (81.3%) needed mechanical ventilation, with a median PEEP of 13 (IQR 10.5–14.5). Six (37.5%) needed inotropic support due to the sedation. Eight (50%) developed a healthcare-associated infection, the most frequent of which was central line-associated bloodstream infection (n = 7, 71.4%). One patient developed a partial pulmonary thromboembolism, despite him being treated with heparin. All the children were admitted due to MIS-C. Two (50%) required mechanical ventilation. All needed inotropic support, with a median vasoactive-inotropic score of 27.5 (IQR 17.5–30). The difference in the inotropic requirements between the two populations was statistically significant (37.5% vs. 100%, p < 0.001). The biomarker values were higher in children than in adults: mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin 1.72 vs. 0.78 nmol/L (p = 0.017), procalcitonin 5.7 vs. 0.19 ng/mL (p = 0.023), and C-reactive protein 328.2 vs. 146.9 mg/L (p = 0.005). N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and troponins were higher in children than in adults (p = 0.034 and p = 0.039, respectively). Conclusions Adults and children had different clinical manifestations. Adults developed severe ARDS requiring increased respiratory support, whereas children presented MIS-C with greater inotropic requirements. Biomarkers could be helpful in identifying susceptible patients, since they might change depending on the clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Girona-Alarcon
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunological and Respiratory Disorders in the Paediatric Critical Patient Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Bobillo-Perez
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Immunological and Respiratory Disorders in the Paediatric Critical Patient Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Sole-Ribalta
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunological and Respiratory Disorders in the Paediatric Critical Patient Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Emergency Transport System, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluisa Hernandez
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunological and Respiratory Disorders in the Paediatric Critical Patient Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmina Guitart
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunological and Respiratory Disorders in the Paediatric Critical Patient Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Suarez
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunological and Respiratory Disorders in the Paediatric Critical Patient Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Balaguer
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunological and Respiratory Disorders in the Paediatric Critical Patient Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco-Jose Cambra
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunological and Respiratory Disorders in the Paediatric Critical Patient Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunological and Respiratory Disorders in the Paediatric Critical Patient Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, CIBERESP, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Chukwuma B, Mujtaba B, Ibikunle A, Taiwo A, Ogunsanya A. Nutritional status and anemia in persons with cancrum oris. NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/njm.njm_146_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Pudjiadi AH, Putri ND, Sjakti HA, Yanuarso PB, Gunardi H, Roeslani RD, Pasaribu AD, Nurmalia LD, Sambo CM, Ugrasena IDG, Soeroso S, Firman A, Muryawan H, Setyanto DB, Citraresmi E, Effendi JA, Habibah L, Octaviantie PD, Utami INA, Prawira Y, Kaswandani N, Alam A, Kadafi KT, Pulungan AB. Pediatric COVID-19: Report From Indonesian Pediatric Society Data Registry. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:716898. [PMID: 34631619 PMCID: PMC8495320 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.716898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Indonesia has a high number of COVID-19 cases and mortalities relative to not only among the Asia Pacific region but the world. Children were thought to be less affected by the virus compared to adults. Most of the public data reported combined data between adults and children. The Indonesian Pediatric Society (IPS) was involved in the COVID-19 response, especially in the area of child health. One of IPS's activities is collecting data registries from each of their chapters to provide a better understanding of COVID-19 in children. Objective: The objective of this study was to share the data of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases in children from IPS's COVID-19 data registry. Method: This is a retrospective study from the IPS's COVID-19 registry data. We collected the data of COVID-19 in children during March to December 2020 from each of the IPS chapters. We analyzed the prevalence, case fatality rate (CFR), age groups, diagnosis, and comorbidities of the children diagnosed with COVID-19. Result: As of December 21, 2020, there were 35,506 suspected cases of children with COVID-19. In total, there were 522 deaths, with a case fatality ratio (CFR) of 1.4. There were 37,706 confirmed cases with 175 fatalities (CFR 0.46). The highest mortality in confirmed COVID-19 cases was from children ages 10-18 years (42 out of 159 cases: 26%). The most common comorbidity and diagnosis found were malignancy (17.3%) and respiratory failure (54.5%). Conclusion: The CFR of confirmed COVID-19 cases in children in Indonesia is high and should be a major public concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius H Pudjiadi
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nina Dwi Putri
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hikari Ambara Sjakti
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Piprim Basarah Yanuarso
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hartono Gunardi
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rosalina Dewi Roeslani
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - I Dewa Gede Ugrasena
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Armijn Firman
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Heru Muryawan
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Darmawan Budi Setyanto
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endah Citraresmi
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jaya Ariheriyanto Effendi
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Prillye Deasy Octaviantie
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Yogi Prawira
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nastiti Kaswandani
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Alam
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Kurniawan Taufiq Kadafi
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Aman B Pulungan
- The Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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38
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Plebani A, Meini A, Cattalini M, Lougaris V, Bugatti A, Caccuri F, Caruso A. Mycoplasma infection may complicate the clinical course of SARS-Co-V-2 associated Kawasaki-like disease in children. Clin Immunol 2020; 221:108613. [PMID: 33069853 PMCID: PMC7561565 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Plebani
- Pediatrics Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Antonella Meini
- Pediatrics Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Cattalini
- Pediatrics Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Pediatrics Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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39
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Heudorf U, Steul K, Gottschalk R. Sars-Cov-2 in children - insights and conclusions from the mandatory reporting data in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, March-July 2020. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2020; 15:Doc24. [PMID: 33214989 PMCID: PMC7656974 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: From the beginning of the corona pandemic until August 19, 2020, more than 21,989,366 cases have been reported worldwide - 228,495 in Germany alone, including 12,648 children aged 0-14. In many countries, the proportion of infected children in the total population is comparatively low; in addition, children often have no or milder symptoms and are less likely to transmit the pathogen to adults than the other way round. Based on the registration data in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, the symptoms of children in comparison with adults and the likely routes of transmission are presented below. Materials and methods: The documentation of the mandatory reports includes personal data (name, date of birth, gender, place of residence), disease characteristics (date of report, date of onset of the disease, symptoms), possible contact persons (family, others) and i.a. possible activity or care in children's community facilities. All reports were viewed, especially with regard to likely transmission routes. Results: From March 1 to July 31, 2020, 1,977 infected people were reported, including 138 children between the ages of 0 and 14 years. Children had fewer and milder symptoms than adults. None of the children experienced severe respiratory symptoms or the need for ventilation. 62% of the children had no symptoms at all (19% adults), 5% of the children were hospitalized (24% adults), and none of the children died (3.8% adults). After excluding a cluster of 34 children from refugee accommodations and 14 children from a parish, 78% of the remaining 90 children had been infected by an adult within the family, and only 4% were likely to have a reverse transmission route. In 5.5% of cases, transmission in a community facility was likely. Discussion: The results of the registration data from Frankfurt am Main, Germany confirm the results published in other countries: Children are less likely to become infected, and if infected, their symptoms are less severe than in adults, and they are apparently not the main drivers of virus transmission. Therefore, scientific medical associations strongly recommend reopening schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursel Heudorf
- Public Health Department of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Steul
- Public Health Department of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - René Gottschalk
- Public Health Department of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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40
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Children were less frequently infected with SARS-CoV-2 than adults during 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Warsaw, Poland. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 40:541-547. [PMID: 32986153 PMCID: PMC7520378 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical data suggest that during the current COVID-19 pandemic, children are less prone than adults to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our purpose was to determine the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 in children vs. adults during the 2020 pandemic in Warsaw, Poland, and to investigate whether RSV and/or influenza A/B infections were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections. We present results of RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 performed in Warsaw, Poland. Some of the pediatric subjects were also PCR-tested for RSV, and A and B influenza. We compared the test results from the four groups of symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects: 459 symptomatic pediatric patients (children 0–18 years old), 1774 symptomatic adults, 445 asymptomatic children, and 239 asymptomatic adults. 3.26% (15/459) of symptomatic pediatric patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in contrast to 5.58% (99/1774) of symptomatic adults (p = 0.0448). There were no SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in the group of asymptomatic children (0/445) and two positive cases in the group of asymptomatic adults (2/239), i.e., 0.83%. In the group of symptomatic pediatric patients, 17.14% (6/35) (p = 0.0002) were positive for RSV, 8.16% (4/49) were positive for influenza A, and 2.04% (1/49), thus 10.20% (5/49) (p = 0.0176) for influenza A/B. Children were less prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection than the adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Warsaw. Higher percentage of symptomatic children was infected with RSV or influenza A/B than with SARS-CoV-2. This suggests a necessity for the testing for all these viruses for an early identification and isolation of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients for an ensuing 2020 autumn return of COVID-19.
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41
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Gasmi A, Tippairote T, Mujawdiya PK, Peana M, Menzel A, Dadar M, Gasmi Benahmed A, Bjørklund G. Micronutrients as immunomodulatory tools for COVID-19 management. Clin Immunol 2020; 220:108545. [PMID: 32710937 PMCID: PMC7833875 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 rapidly turned to a global pandemic posing lethal threats to overwhelming health care capabilities, despite its relatively low mortality rate. The clinical respiratory symptoms include dry cough, fever, anosmia, breathing difficulties, and subsequent respiratory failure. No known cure is available for COVID-19. Apart from the anti-viral strategy, the supports of immune effectors and modulation of immunosuppressive mechanisms is the rationale immunomodulation approach in COVID-19 management. Diet and nutrition are essential for healthy immunity. However, a group of micronutrients plays a dominant role in immunomodulation. The deficiency of most nutrients increases the individual susceptibility to virus infection with a tendency for severe clinical presentation. Despite a shred of evidence, the supplementation of a single nutrient is not promising in the general population. Individuals at high-risk for specific nutrient deficiencies likely benefit from supplementation. The individual dietary and nutritional status assessments are critical for determining the comprehensive actions in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nutritional and Environmental Medicine Department, BBH Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway.
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