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Wang K, Li L, Liang G, Xiao H, Zhang L, Liu T. Sonodynamic activated nanoparticles with Glut1 inhibitor and cystine-containing polymer stimulate disulfidptosis for improved immunotherapy in bladder cancer. Biomaterials 2025; 319:123178. [PMID: 39978048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Disulfidptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by cystine accumulation and disulfide stress, primarily affects metabolically active tumors like bladder cancer, which is often considered to be a highly metabolic and energy-consuming tumor. However, translating disulfidptosis induction into clinical practice face substantial obstacles, including the limited solubility of key inducers, insufficient cystine buildup within cells, and cellular mechanisms regulating the NADP+/NADPH equilibrium. To fully unlock the therapeutic potential of disulfidptosis, a promising solution has emerged in the form of nanotechnology combined with sonodynamic therapy (SDT). This study reports a novel approach that enhances disulfidptosis through SDT, simultaneously promoting immunogenic cell death (ICD) and improving the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The system, SPCP/CCP@Bay, comprises a degradable sonodynamic-pseudo-conjugate-polymer (SPCP) and a cystine-containing polymer (CCP), loaded with Bay-876. Following intravenous administration, SPCP/CCP@Bay effectively accumulates at tumor sites. Under ultrasound radiation, SPCP/CCP@Bay effectively releases Bay-876, disrupts the intracellular redox balance, releases cystine from CCP, and induces disulfidptosis. Moreover, SPCP/CCP@Bay induces ICD and synergizes with PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (α-PD-1) to suppress tumor growth. This integrated strategy holds significant promise in reshaping the tumor microenvironment, converting "cold tumors" to "hot tumors", and advancing the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ganghao Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lingpu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Wang H, Zhang W, Sun Y, Xu X, Chen X, Zhao K, Yang Z, Liu H. Nanotherapeutic strategies exploiting biological traits of cancer stem cells. Bioact Mater 2025; 50:61-94. [PMID: 40242505 PMCID: PMC12002948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct subpopulation of cancer cells that orchestrate cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Despite advances in conventional therapies, the persistence of CSCs remains a major obstacle to achieving cancer eradication. Nanomedicine-based approaches have emerged for precise CSC targeting and elimination, offering unique advantages in overcoming the limitations of traditional treatments. This review systematically analyzes recent developments in nanomedicine for CSC-targeted therapy, emphasizing innovative nanomaterial designs addressing CSC-specific challenges. We first provide a detailed examination of CSC biology, focusing on their surface markers, signaling networks, microenvironmental interactions, and metabolic signatures. On this basis, we critically evaluate cutting-edge nanomaterial engineering designed to exploit these CSC traits, including stimuli-responsive nanodrugs, nanocarriers for drug delivery, and multifunctional nanoplatforms capable of generating localized hyperthermia or reactive oxygen species. These sophisticated nanotherapeutic approaches enhance selectivity and efficacy in CSC elimination, potentially circumventing drug resistance and cancer recurrence. Finally, we present an in-depth analysis of current challenges in translating nanomedicine-based CSC-targeted therapies from bench to bedside, offering critical insights into future research directions and clinical implementation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the intersection of nanomedicine and CSC biology, contributing to more effective cancer treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Xican Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Kexu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
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Chen Y, Lin X, Qiu J, Sun Y, Wu B, Shang H, Deng L, Wang X, Li N, Huang C, Zhang T, Wu Z, Hou G, Yan X, Wang S, Cheng W. Ultrasound-responsive nanobubble-mediated sonodynamic therapy sensitizes disulfidptosis in the treatment of liver hepatocellular carcinoma. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2025; 118:107368. [PMID: 40294549 PMCID: PMC12056780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2025] [Revised: 04/13/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
Disulfidptosis, a newly identified regulated cell death, is linked to tumor progression, particularly in cancers with elevated SLC7A11 expression. This study investigates SLC7A11 expression in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and evaluates the therapeutic potential of ICG@C3F8-KL nanobubbles (NBs) combined with sonodynamic therapy (SDT) for inducing disulfidptosis. Bioinformatics analysis of TCGA datasets revealed upregulation of SLC7A11 in LIHC tissues. The synthesized ICG@C3F8-KL NBs exhibited a mean diameter of 156.46 nm and stable properties, with high encapsulation efficiencies of 51.32 % ± 0.7 % for KL and 80.15 % ± 0.21 % for ICG. In vitro, ICG@C3F8-KL NBs, under ultrasound, generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhancing cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells with an IC50 lower than KL alone. These NBs also inhibited cell migration and colony formation, suggesting disulfidptosis induction via altered glucose uptake and NADP+/NADPH ratio, as well as F-actin contraction. In vivo, ICG@C3F8-KL NBs accumulated in tumor tissues and suppressed growth without significant toxicity. Unsupervised clustering of disulfidptosis-related genes in TCGA LIHC cohort identified subtypes with distinct prognoses, and a predictive model based on five key genes was developed. In conclusion, ICG@C3F8-KL NBs, combined with ultrasound, effectively induce disulfidptosis, offering a promising strategy for LIHC treatment, with the potential for personalized therapy informed by disulfide-associated gene signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jiayue Qiu
- Dr. Nesher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yucao Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Bolin Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Liwen Deng
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Nanxing Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Dr. Nesher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- School of Medicine and Healthcare, State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080 China.
| | - Gang Hou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- Qijing Machinery Co.,Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315600, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
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Liu B, Zhu C, Dai L, Zhang L, Xu H, Ren K, Zhang H, Wang G, Tian W, Zhao D. IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB pathway promotes apoptosis via regulating inflammatory cytokines and aggravates brain injury after SAH. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2025; 34:108288. [PMID: 40089218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB pathway on early brain injury. METHODS An endovascular puncture model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was developed and SAH grading was performed. The following groups of experimental animals were randomly assigned: Blank group, Sham group, SAH+ DMSO group, SAH+STF-083010(IRE1α inhibitor) group, and SAH+BAY11-7082(NF-κB inhibitor) group. Neurological deficits were assessed in the animal models using a modified Garcia score. The expression of IRE1α, GRP78, TRAF2, NF-κB, and caspase3 was measured using western blot analysis. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were evaluated with ELISA kits. An analysis of neuronal apoptosis was performed using TUNEL staining. RESULTS The neurological deficits, expression of IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB axis and its related proteins, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis were increased after SAH, whereas their expressions were suppressed since the inhibition of the IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signal pathway. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were positively correlated with apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signal pathway was activated and promoted apoptosis by promoting the expression of inflammatory cytokines after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
| | - Linzhi Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neuromedicne, Beitun General Hospital of Tenth Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Beitun 836000, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
| | - Kunhao Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
| | - Ganggang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
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Kong F, Chen Y, Liu D, Gao H, Yi Q, Zhang M, Li D. Marvelon suppresses MC38 tumor growth and promotes anti-tumor immunity. Mol Immunol 2025; 182:20-29. [PMID: 40158361 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2025.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2025] [Revised: 03/15/2025] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a prevalent and deadly malignancy globally, posing an important challenge due to its heterogeneity and treatment resistance. Although oral contraceptives have been shown to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer, their impact on the anti-tumor effect of CD8+ T cells remains unclear. Here we show that the contraceptive Marvelon plays an important role in anti-MC38 tumor immunity. The contraceptive Marvelon significantly inhibits MC38 tumor growth in vivo. Marvelon treatment promotes IFN-γ expression in CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, but shows dispensable impact on their exhausted profile. By further investigating the effects of Marvelon's primary components, Ethinylestradiol and Desogestrel, we reveal that Ethinylestradiol enhances IFN-γ production in Type 1 Cytotoxic T (Tc1) cells and significantly inhibits the viability of MC38 tumor cells, whereas Desogestrel exhibits minimal effects. This study not only redefines the role of oral contraceptives but also provides valuable insights for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fandi Kong
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongyan Chen
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongying Gao
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiaoru Yi
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Wu Y, Tao Q, Xie J, Liu X, Zhou Y, Wei C, Zhang C, Wang J, Jin Y. Indole-3-carbinol inhibits PD-L1-mediated immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma via suppressing NF-κB p105 Ubiquitination. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2025; 141:156692. [PMID: 40215823 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and immunotherapy has demonstrated significant therapeutic benefit in HCC. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring ingredient of cruciferous vegetables, significantly inhibits the growth of a wide range of tumors. However, its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE This study aims to verify and explore the immunomodulatory effect of I3C in HCC models, and to investigate the specific role and mechanism by which I3C affects PD-L1 expression through the ubiquitination of NF-κB p105. METHODS In vitro, I3C was treated with HepG2 cells and relevant indicators were analyzed. In vivo, the mouse HCC model was established and the effect of I3C on tumors and immune function was evaluated. Subsequently, the downstream target of I3C was found through target prediction, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Finally, combined therapy was used to further investigate the effect of I3C on mouse HCC tumors. RESULTS We observed that I3C resulted in decreased programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in HepG2 cells and increased CD8 T cell infiltration in tissues. Subsequently, target prediction and molecular docking demonstrated that I3C was able to efficiently bind to NF-κB p105. In addition, overexpression of NF-κB p105 upregulated PD-L1 expression and almost completely eliminated the inhibitory effect of I3C. Notably, the combination of I3C and PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies showed synergistic anti-tumor effects in the mouse HCC model. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that I3C inhibits PD-L1-mediated immune evasion in HCC via suppressing NF-κB p105 ubiquitination. The role of I3C in tumors deserves further investigation and provides the foundation for the future development of novel immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Wu
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of National Education, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China
| | - Qing Tao
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of National Education, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jing Xie
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of National Education, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of National Education, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yuanzhi Zhou
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of National Education, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China
| | - Chengyan Wei
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of National Education, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China
| | - Chunwei Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of National Education, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of National Education, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yong Jin
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of National Education, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, PR China.
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Chen L, Wu Z, Yuan W, Chen N, Lin P, Liao S, Xie G. Nuclear-localized metabolic enzymes: emerging key players in tumor epigenetic regulation. Mol Cell Biochem 2025:10.1007/s11010-025-05316-w. [PMID: 40434518 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-025-05316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 05/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
Advancements in tumor research have highlighted the potential of epigenetic therapies as a targeted approach to cancer treatment. However, the application of these therapies has faced challenges due to the issue of substrate availability since the discovery of epigenetic modifications. Interestingly, metabolic changes are closely associated with epigenetic changes, and notably, certain metabolic enzymes exhibit nuclear localization within epigenetically active cellular contexts. This suggests that nuclear localization of metabolic enzymes may provide a mechanistic foundation for addressing substrate availability issues in epigenetic regulation. To date, there has been limited progress in synthesizing this information systematically. In this study, we provide an overview of the interplay between metabolic enzymes and epigenetic mechanisms, highlighting their critical roles. Subsequently, we summarize recent advances regarding the nuclear localization of metabolic enzymes, shedding light on their emerging roles in epigenetic regulation and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuedong Hospital, Meizhou, 514700, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhihui Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuedong Hospital, Meizhou, 514700, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixi Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuedong Hospital, Meizhou, 514700, Guangdong, China
| | - Peina Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuedong Hospital, Meizhou, 514700, Guangdong, China
| | - Senyi Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Guopeng Xie
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuedong Hospital, Meizhou, 514700, Guangdong, China.
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Wang P, Guo W, Liu S, Li S, Li J, Ding B, Yin F, Yang Y, Li X, Cao P, Ma C, Zhang W, Song Y, Geng Y, Liu L, Hu J, Hao J, Feng Y. Novel Pt@PCN-Cu-induced cuproptosis amplifies αPD-L1 immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through mitochondrial HK2-mediated PD-L1 upregulation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2025; 44:149. [PMID: 40382627 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-025-03409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper accumulation triggers mitochondrial-driven cell death, known as cuproptosis, offering a promising mechanism for targeted cancer therapy. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of intratumoral copper levels in regulating the expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), suggesting that copper-induced cuproptosis not only enhances cancer cell death but may also amplify the effects of anti-PD-L1 antibodies (αPD-L1). However, in tumors where monotherapy with αPD-L1 shows limited efficacy, particularly in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the role of copper-induced cuproptosis in enhancing αPD-L1 treatment efficacy and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Meanwhile, inadequate tumor drug accumulation and glycolysis significantly restrict the efficacy of cuproptosis. To address these challenges, we have synthesized a novel nanozyme, Pt@PCN-Cu, designed to stabilize intracellular copper accumulation and effectively induce cuproptosis. Additionally, we aim to determine whether this strong induction of cuproptosis can synergize with αPD-L1 to enhance cancer therapy, ultimately paving the way for novel strategies to improve PDAC treatment. METHODS Pt@PCN-Cu was synthesized via a one-pot method, and its therapeutic potential was assessed in combination with αPD-L1 for the treatment of PDAC. Initially, the material's properties were characterized, and its efficient cellular uptake was confirmed. Anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated by inducing cuproptosis in PDAC cell lines and xenograft models. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was utilized to identify key regulators involved in the modulation of PD-L1 expression by cuproptosis. Lastly, the therapeutic efficacy of Pt@PCN-Cu combined with αPD-L1 was evaluated in vivo, focusing on tumor growth inhibition and immune modulation within the tumor microenvironment (TME). RESULTS Pt@PCN-Cu demonstrates excellent physicochemical properties and remarkable cascade catalytic activity, providing a solid foundation for further in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro, Pt@PCN-Cu efficiently transports copper and induces cuproptosis primarily through mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistic studies show that Pt@PCN-Cu triggers the dissociation of hexokinase 2 (HK2) from mitochondria, leading to a reduction in HK2 activity. This decline in HK2 activity impairs glycolysis, a metabolic pathway essential for tumor energy metabolism, which in turn results in elevated PD-L1 levels. In vivo, Pt@PCN-Cu demonstrates excellent safety and accumulates at the tumor site in a subcutaneous PDAC mouse model, inducing cuproptosis. Moreover, the combination of Pt@PCN-Cu with αPD-L1 further enhanced its therapeutic efficacy and effectively reprogrammed the immunosuppressive TME. CONCLUSION This study presents strong evidence confirming the safety and therapeutic potential of Pt@PCN-Cu in PDAC treatment. Importantly, Pt@PCN-Cu not only induces cuproptosis but also significantly enhances antitumor efficacy in combination with αPD-L1 by regulating PD-L1 expression through HK2 modulation. These findings underscore a more effective and innovative approach for treating PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Wang
- Pancreas Center, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Pancreas Center, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Shuyue Liu
- Pancreas Center, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Shouyi Li
- Pancreas Center, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Pancreas Center, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Bowen Ding
- Pancreas Center, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Fengyi Yin
- Pancreas Center, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Pancreas Center, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xingjiang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Pei Cao
- Pancreas Center, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chaozhe Ma
- Pancreas Center, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Yidan Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Yating Geng
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Jihui Hao
- Pancreas Center, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Yukuan Feng
- Pancreas Center, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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9
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Liang MZ, Huang XF, Zhu JC, Bao JX, Chen CL, Wang XW, Lou YW, Pan YT, Dai YW. A machine learning-based glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism-related prognostic signature is constructed and identified ACSL5 as a novel marker inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer. Comput Biol Chem 2025; 119:108507. [PMID: 40403353 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2025.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2025] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/24/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A new perspective on cancer metabolism suggests that it varies by context and is diverse. Cancer metabolism reprogramming can create a heterogeneous microenvironment that affects immune cell infiltration and function, complicating the selection of treatment methods. However, the specifics of this relationship remain unclear in breast cancer. This research aims to explore how glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism (GF) influence the immune microenvironment and their predictive capabilities for immunotherapy responses and overall survival. METHODS We at first time identified 602 GF-related genes. Utilizing multiple datasets from various centers and employing 10 different machine learning algorithms, we developed a GF-related signature called GFSscore, driven by artificial intelligence. RESULTS The GFSscore served as an independent prognostic indicator and demonstrated greater robustness than other models. Its validity was validated through multiple databases. Our study found that breast cancer patients with a high GFSscore, indicative of a greater tendency towards glycolytic activity, experienced poorer prognosis due to immunosuppression from distinct immune evasion mechanisms. Conversely, those with a low GFSscore, more inclined towards fatty acid metabolism, had better outcomes. Additionally, the GFSscore has the potential to forecast how well a patient might respond to immunotherapy and their susceptibility to chemotherapy medications. Moreover, we found that the overexpressed ACSL5 gene inhibits the proliferation of BRCA through experiments. CONCLUSIONS The GFSscore may offer patients personalized therapy by identifying new therapeutic targets for tumors. By understanding the relationship between cancer metabolism and the immune microenvironment, we can better tailor treatments to individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Liang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xian-Feng Huang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Jun-Chang Zhu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Jing-Xia Bao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Cheng-Liang Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Wu Wang
- Department of Burns and Skin Repair Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yun-Wei Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Ya-Ting Pan
- Yongkang First People's Hospital Medical Group, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yin-Wei Dai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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10
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Xu S, Lin X, Jia F. NAT10-mediated N4-acetylcytosine modification promotes the progression of retinoblastoma by improving the HK1 mRNA stability to enhance glycolysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2025; 80:100678. [PMID: 40344913 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2025.100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinoblastoma (RB) is a type of intraocular tumor in childhood with a high lethality rate. N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C) modification is known to regulate multiple cancers, which is mediated by the only known ac4C writer N-Acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10). In this study, the authors aimed to reveal the mechanism of RB progression regulated by ac4C modification. METHOD Phenotypically, dot blot assay and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect the ac4C levels and NAT10 expression in clinical samples and RB cell lines. Then, NAT10 was knocked down to assess its effect on glycolysis. Mechanically, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, immunofluorescence assay, and dual luciferase report were used to explore the mRNA modified by NAT10-mediated ac4C modification. Mice xenograft model was used to determine the effect of NAT10 on tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS The present results demonstrated that the levels of ac4C and NAT10 were increased in cancer tissues and RB cell lines. Furthermore, NAT10 knockdown inhibited the glycolysis in RB cell lines. Moreover, the authors revealed that NAT10 knockdown decreased the ac4C modification and mRNA stability of HK1, while the inhibition of glycolysis by NAT10 knockdown was reversed by HK1 overexpression. Finally, NAT10 knockdown relieved the growth of tumors in mice models. CONCLUSION The authors illustrated that NAT10 plays an important role in the progression of RB by regulating the ac4C modification on HK1 mRNA and affects its stability, which may provide a novel theoretical basis for the treatment of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuming Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Fengling Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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11
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Qin W, Duan Y, Hu Z, Hou Y, Wen T, Ouyang Y, Wang Z, Sun X, Chen X, Wang KL, Luo S, Ji G, Shen Y, Dong B, Lin Y, Tian Q, Guo Z, Wu S, Xiao L, Li M, Xiao L, Wu Q, Meng Y, Liu G, Zhang W, Duan S, Bai X, Liu T, He J, Lu Z, Xu D. PCK1 inhibits cGAS-STING activation by consumption of GTP to promote tumor immune evasion. J Exp Med 2025; 222:e20240902. [PMID: 40048154 PMCID: PMC11893166 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20240902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 03/12/2025] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induces immunosuppressive phenotypes in tumor cells even in the presence of cytosolic DNA accumulation. The mechanisms by which tumor cells suppress hypoxia-induced cGAS-STING activation for immune evasion remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxic stimulation induces JNK1/2-mediated S151 phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. This phosphorylation triggers the interaction between PCK1 and cGAS. The PCK1 associated with cGAS competitively consumes GTP, a substrate shared by both PCK1 and cGAS. Consequently, PCK1 inhibits GTP-dependent cGAS activation and subsequent STING-promoted immune cell infiltration and activation in the tumor microenvironment, leading to promoted tumor growth in mice. The blockade of PCK1 function, in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, exhibits an additive therapeutic effect on tumor growth. Additionally, PCK1 S151 phosphorylation is inversely correlated with cGAS-STING activation in human breast cancer specimens and patient survival. These findings reveal a novel regulation of cGAS-STING pathway and uncover the metabolic control of immune response in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Qin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuran Duan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueru Hou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ouyang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | | | - Shudi Luo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guimei Ji
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuli Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bofei Dong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Lin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanpeng Guo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Xiao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingang Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guijun Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wuchang Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhong Duan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daqian Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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12
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Ye W, Zhang X, Tang Z, Hu Y, Zheng Y, Yuan Y. Comprehensive analysis of glycometabolism-related genes reveals PLOD2 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2025; 25:256. [PMID: 40229676 PMCID: PMC11998276 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-025-03878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis, particularly in advanced stages. Glycometabolism, a hallmark of cancer, plays a critical role in tumor progression, immune evasion, and response to therapy. However, the specific roles of glycometabolism-related genes and their prognostic and therapeutic implications in GC remain inadequately understood. METHODS Transcriptomic and clinical data from GC patients were retrieved from TCGA and GEO databases. Glycometabolism-related genes were identified and analyzed using machine learning algorithms to construct a prognostic model. Functional assays, immune profiling, and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore the roles of these genes in tumor progression, immune-modulatory effects, and drug resistance. PLOD2, the gene with the highest prognostic significance, was further investigated to uncover its underlying regulatory mechanisms, roles in immune modulation, and contribution to therapeutic resistance. RESULTS A glycometabolism-related prognostic model consisting of four genes (PLOD2, CHSY3, SLC2A3 and SLC5A1) was developed and validated, effectively stratifying GC patients into high- and low-risk subgroups with distinct survival outcomes. Among these, PLOD2 emerged as the most significant gene, exhibiting strong associations with tumor progression and poor survival. Functional analyses revealed that PLOD2 promotes glycolysis and tumor progression through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Immune profiling revealed that PLOD2 overexpression is associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, characterized by increased M2 macrophage infiltration and reduced immune activity. Moreover, treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, significantly suppressed PLOD2-mediated proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in GC cells, highlighting the central role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in PLOD2-driven oncogenic behaviors. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies PLOD2 as a key prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric cancer. As a central component in a glycometabolism-related model, PLOD2 promotes glycolysis, tumor progression, and immune evasion via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The model effectively stratifies patient risk, offering both prognostic utility and therapeutic insight. Targeting PLOD2-mediated pathways may represent a promising strategy for precision therapy and improved clinical outcomes in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchun Ye
- The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongjie Tang
- The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanliang Zheng
- The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuping Yuan
- The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, China.
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13
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He X, Chen D, Liu G, Wu Q, Zhao H, Guo D, Jiang X, Li M, Meng Y, Yin Y, Ye X, Luo S, Xia Y, Hunter T, Lu Z. PI3Kβ functions as a protein kinase to promote cellular protein O-GlcNAcylation and acetyl-CoA production for tumor growth. Mol Cell 2025; 85:1411-1425.e8. [PMID: 40132583 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2025.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 11/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) phosphorylates PI(4,5)P2 to produce PI(3,4,5)P3, thereby activating AKT and other effector proteins. However, whether PI3K has non-PI(3,4,5)P3-related functions critical for tumor development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that high glucose induces PI3Kβ binding to O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) in glioblastoma cells, dependent on hexokinase 1 (HK1)-mediated OGT Y889 phosphorylation and subsequent p85α recruitment. Importantly, PI3Kβ functions as a protein kinase, phosphorylating OGT at T985 and enhancing OGT activity and total cellular protein O-GlcNAcylation. Activated OGT O-GlcNAcylates ATP-citrate synthase (ACLY) at T639 and S667, leading to ACLY activation-dependent acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) production to increase fatty acid levels and histone H3 acetylation for gene transcription. Intervention in PI3Kβ-mediated OGT phosphorylation and ACLY O-GlcNAcylation inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation and tumor growth in xenografts. These findings underscore the critical role of PI3Kβ in governing protein O-GlcNAcylation, fatty acid metabolism, and chromatin modification through its protein kinase activity and provide instrumental insight into the roles of PI3K in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiao He
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guijun Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingang Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yucheng Yin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianglai Ye
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shudi Luo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Neuro-Oncology and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Hu MM, Zhao Y, Zhang N, Gong FY, Zhang W, Dong CS, Dai JF, Wang J. Tumor Microenvironment: Obstacles and Opportunities for T Cell-Based Tumor Immunotherapies. Mol Cancer Res 2025; 23:277-287. [PMID: 39898773 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-24-0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 11/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
The complex composition and dynamic change of the tumor microenvironment (TME), mainly consisting of tumor cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular components, significantly impede the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), thus representing a major obstacle for tumor immunotherapies. In this review, we summarize and discuss the impacts and underlying mechanisms of major elements in the TME (different cell types, extracellular matrix, nutrients and metabolites, etc.) on the infiltration, survival, and effector functions of T cells, mainly CD8+ CTLs. Moreover, we also highlight recent advances that may potentiate endogenous antitumor immunity and improve the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies in patients with cancer by manipulating components inside/outside of the TME. A deeper understanding of the effects and action mechanisms of TME components on the tumor-eradicating ability of CTLs may pave the way for discovering new targets to augment endogenous antitumor immunity and for designing combinational therapeutic regimens to enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Hu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Dong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Feng Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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15
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Fu M, Xue B, Miao X, Gao Z. Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in glioblastoma: challenges and emerging strategies. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1584688. [PMID: 40223940 PMCID: PMC11987931 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1584688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by rapid proliferation, extensive infiltration, and significant intratumoral heterogeneity. Despite advancements in conventional treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor, with a median survival of approximately 15 months. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising alternative; however, the unique biological and immunological features, including its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and low mutational burden, render it resistant to many immunotherapeutic strategies. This review explores the key challenges in GBM immunotherapy, focusing on immune evasion mechanisms, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the TME. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells have shown promise in preclinical models but have limited clinical success due to antigen heterogeneity, immune cell exhaustion, and impaired trafficking across the BBB. Emerging strategies, including dual-targeting CAR-T cells, engineered immune cells secreting therapeutic molecules, and advanced delivery systems to overcome the BBB, show potential for enhancing treatment efficacy. Addressing these challenges is crucial for improving GBM immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowu Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Third People’s Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuming Miao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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16
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Jung ES, Choi H, Mook-Jung I. Decoding microglial immunometabolism: a new frontier in Alzheimer's disease research. Mol Neurodegener 2025; 20:37. [PMID: 40149001 PMCID: PMC11948825 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-025-00825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves a dynamic interaction between neuroinflammation and metabolic dysregulation, where microglia play a central role. These immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in response to AD-related pathology, with key genes such as TREM2, APOE, and HIF-1α orchestrating these processes. Microglial metabolism adapts to environmental stimuli, shifting between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Hexokinase-2 facilitates glycolytic flux, while AMPK acts as an energy sensor, coordinating lipid and glucose metabolism. TREM2 and APOE regulate microglial lipid homeostasis, influencing Aβ clearance and immune responses. LPL and ABCA7, both associated with AD risk, modulate lipid processing and cholesterol transport, linking lipid metabolism to neurodegeneration. PPARG further supports lipid metabolism by regulating microglial inflammatory responses. Amino acid metabolism also contributes to microglial function. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase controls the kynurenine pathway, producing neurotoxic metabolites linked to AD pathology. Additionally, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase regulates the pentose phosphate pathway, maintaining redox balance and immune activation. Dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, influenced by genetic variants such as APOE4, impair microglial responses and exacerbate AD progression. Recent findings highlight the interplay between metabolic regulators like REV-ERBα, which modulates lipid metabolism and inflammation, and Syk, which influences immune responses and Aβ clearance. These insights offer promising therapeutic targets, including strategies aimed at HIF-1α modulation, which could restore microglial function depending on disease stage. By integrating metabolic, immune, and genetic factors, this review underscores the importance of microglial immunometabolism in AD. Targeting key metabolic pathways could provide novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating neuroinflammation and restoring microglial function, ultimately paving the way for innovative treatments in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sun Jung
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Korea Dementia Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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17
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Huang J, Min S, Hong R, Zou M, Zhou D. High-dose Vitamin C inhibits PD-L1 expression by activating AMPK in colorectal cancer. Immunobiology 2025; 230:152893. [PMID: 40139125 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Vitamin C (VitC) has elicited considerable interest regarding its potential role in cancer therapy; however, its effects on tumor immunity remain unclear. In colorectal cancer (CRC), although anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies demonstrate promise, their efficacy is still constrained. Our prior research demonstrated that VitC can inhibit tumor growth by suppressing the Warburg effect. This study aims to explore the effects of high-dose VitC on PD-L1 expression in CRC, focusing on its underlying mechanisms and potential for enhancing immunotherapy. We found that VitC inhibits aerobic glycolysis in HCT116 cells while also downregulating PD-L1 expression. Further investigations indicated that this process is mediated by VitC's activation of AMPK, which downregulates HK2 and NF-κB, ultimately resulting in reduced PD-L1 expression and increased T cell infiltration. Notably, we observed that VitC and the PD-L1 monoclonal antibody atezolizumab exhibit comparable tumor-inhibiting abilities, and their combined use further enhances this efficacy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that high-dose VitC activates AMPK, downregulates PD-L1 expression, mitigates immune evasion, and suppresses tumor growth. This provides a promising strategy for optimizing immunotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Technology Innovation Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, Technology Innovation Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ruiyang Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Technology Innovation Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mou Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Technology Innovation Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dongyu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Technology Innovation Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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18
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Leng X, Yang Y, Jiang T, Zheng J, Zhang L, Huang J, Xu H, Fang M, Li X, Wang Z, Ge M, Lin H. An Energy Metabolism Nanoblocker for Cutting Tumor Cell Respiration and Inhibiting Mitochondrial Hijacking from Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte. Adv Healthc Mater 2025:e2405174. [PMID: 40091400 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202405174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
Energy metabolism modulation emerges as a highly regarded strategy for tumor therapy. However, the efficacy of targeting energy metabolism in tumor cells remains unsatisfactory due to the alternate energy production pathways by switching between mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. In addition, tumor cells can hijack mitochondria from peripheral immune cells to maintain their energy metabolism as an extra respiratory pathway. In this study, a CD44 receptor-targeted hyaluronic acid energy metabolism nanoblocker is developed to achieve bidirectional blockade of basal respiration in tumor cells with the loaded mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor nebivolol hydrochloride, and the glycolysis inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate. Furthermore, combined intraperitoneal injection of L-778123 hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial transfer, thus blocking the extra respiratory pathway of tumor cells and the depletion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This emerging strategy, which involves depleting tumor cell energy through inhibition of basal respiration (OXPHOS/glycolysis) and extra respiration, while synergistically enhancing effector immune cells to maintain systemic anti-tumor immune effects, demonstrates high efficacy and safety in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. It provides a conceptual paradigm shift in nanomedicine-mediated energy metabolism-based tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Leng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Ultrasound Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Ultrasound Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Ultrasound Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Ultrasound Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Mingxiao Fang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Ultrasound Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xingsheng Li
- Geriatric Clinical Research Center of Chongqing, Geriatric department of the Second Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Ultrasound Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Min Ge
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, HKSAR, 999077, China
| | - Han Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
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19
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Cabezón-Gutiérrez L, Palka-Kotlowska M, Custodio-Cabello S, Chacón-Ovejero B, Pacheco-Barcia V. Metabolic mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2025; 6:1002297. [PMID: 40092297 PMCID: PMC11907103 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2025.1002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, yet its efficacy is frequently compromised by metabolic mechanisms that drive resistance. Understanding how tumor metabolism shapes the immune microenvironment is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies. This review examines key metabolic pathways influencing immunotherapy resistance, including glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. We discuss their impact on immune cell function and tumor progression, highlighting emerging therapeutic strategies to counteract these effects. Tumor cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to sustain proliferation, altering the availability of essential nutrients and generating toxic byproducts that impair cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cell activity. The accumulation of lactate, deregulated lipid metabolism, and amino acid depletion contribute to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Targeting metabolic pathways, such as inhibiting glycolysis, modulating lipid metabolism, and restoring amino acid balance, has shown promise in enhancing immunotherapy response. Addressing metabolic barriers is crucial to overcoming immunotherapy resistance. Integrating metabolic-targeted therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors may improve clinical outcomes. Future research should focus on personalized strategies to optimize metabolic interventions and enhance antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cabezón-Gutiérrez
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario De Torrejón, 28850 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Magda Palka-Kotlowska
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario De Torrejón, 28850 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Custodio-Cabello
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario De Torrejón, 28850 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Chacón-Ovejero
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vilma Pacheco-Barcia
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario De Torrejón, 28850 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Huang B, Yang Y, Liu J, Zhang B, Lin N. Ubiquitination regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis: a new sight for the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1533007. [PMID: 40134432 PMCID: PMC11933043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1533007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis (MH) refers to the dynamic balance of mitochondrial number, function, and quality within cells. Maintaining MH is significant in the occurrence, development, and clinical treatment of Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. Ubiquitination, as an important post-translational modification mechanism of proteins, plays a central role in the regulation of MH. Over the past decade, research on the regulation of MH by ubiquitination has focused on mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, Mitophagy, and mitochondrial metabolism during these processes. This review summarizes the mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of ubiquitin (Ub)-regulated MH intervention in GI tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Yang
- School of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nengming Lin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Chen F, Tang H, Li C, Kang R, Tang D, Liu J. CYP51A1 drives resistance to pH-dependent cell death in pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2025; 16:2278. [PMID: 40055353 PMCID: PMC11889236 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Disrupted pH homeostasis can precipitate cell death and represents a viable therapeutic target in oncological interventions. Here, we utilize mass spectrometry-based drug analysis, transcriptomic screens, and lipid metabolomics to explore the metabolic mechanisms underlying pH-dependent cell death. We reveal CYP51A1, a gene involved in cholesterol synthesis, as a key suppressor of alkalization-induced cell death in pancreatic cancer cells. Inducing intracellular alkalization by the small molecule JTC801 leads to a decrease in endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol levels, subsequently activating SREBF2, a transcription factor responsible for controlling the expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Specifically, SREBF2-driven upregulation of CYP51A1 prevents cholesterol accumulation within lysosomes, leading to TMEM175-dependent lysosomal proton efflux, ultimately resulting in the inhibition of cell death. In animal models, including xenografts, syngeneic orthotopic, and patient-derived models, the genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CYP51A1 enhances the effectiveness of JTC801 in suppressing pancreatic tumors. These findings demonstrate a role of the CYP51A1-dependent lysosomal pathway in inhibiting alkalization-induced cell death and highlight its potential as a targetable vulnerability in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hu Tang
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Chen D, Tang H, Liu J, Zhang H, Rao K, Teng X, Yang F, Liu H. Luteolin-mediated phosphoproteomic changes in chicken splenic lymphocytes: Unraveling the detoxification mechanisms against ammonia-induced stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 485:136931. [PMID: 39709809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to high ammonia concentrations could severely impact chicken health. On the other hand, luteolin has been shown to protect against ammonia poisoning. Although phosphorylation is critically involved in toxicity induction, the specific role of phosphorylated proteins in ammonia poisoning remains unclear. Herein, we constructed an in vitro model to study chicken ammonia poisoning and also analyzed the protective effects of luteolin. Specifically, a combined series of organic techniques such as protein extraction, enzyme digestion, modified peptide enrichment, Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, and bioinformatics analysis were employed for a quantitative omics study of phosphorylation modification in three groups of samples. Our findings revealed thousands of Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs). The differentially expressed modified proteins were subjected to GO classification, KEGG pathway analysis, cluster analysis, and protein interaction analysis, revealing the detoxification mechanism encompassed mitochondrial maintenance, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and cytoskeleton regulation. In the process, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were the key organelles. Furthermore, the AKT1/FOXO signaling pathway and Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) were the key core modifiers of the proteins. We hope that our findings will provide a theoretical basis and experimental support for future research on luteolin's detoxification mechanism against ammonia poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Medicine in Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haojinming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Medicine in Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Medicine in Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huanrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Medicine in Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaijing Rao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Medicine in Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Falong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Medicine in Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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23
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Ruan L, Wang L. Adoptive cell therapy against tumor immune evasion: mechanisms, innovations, and future directions. Front Oncol 2025; 15:1530541. [PMID: 40094019 PMCID: PMC11906336 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1530541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Tumors employ a range of strategies to evade detection and eradication by the host's immune system. These include downregulating antigen expression, altering antigen presentation processes, and inhibiting immune checkpoint pathways. etc. Adoptive Cell Therapy (ACT) represents a strategy that boosts anti-tumor immunity. This is achieved by amplifying or genetically engineering immune cells, which are either sourced from the patient or a donor, in a laboratory setting. Subsequently, these cells are reintroduced into the patient to bolster their immune response against cancer. ACT has successfully restored anti-tumor immune responses by amplifying the activity of T cells from patients or donors. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying tumor escape, including alterations in tumor cell antigens, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and modulation of immune checkpoint pathways. It further explores how ACT can avddress these factors to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, the review discusses the application of gene-editing technologies (such as CRISPR) in ACT, highlighting their potential to strengthen the anti-tumor capabilities of T cells. Looking forward, the personalized design of ACT, combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies, is expected to significantly improve treatment outcomes, positioning this approach as a key strategy in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Ruan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, JiuJiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, JiuJiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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24
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Du F, Wang G, Dai Q, Huang J, Li J, Liu C, Du K, Tian H, Deng Q, Xie L, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Yang L, Li Y, Wu Z, Zhang Z. Targeting novel regulated cell death: disulfidptosis in cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Biomark Res 2025; 13:35. [PMID: 40012016 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-025-00748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025] Open
Abstract
The battle against cancer has evolved over centuries, from the early stages of surgical resection to contemporary treatments including chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies. Despite significant advances in cancer treatment over recent decades, these therapies remain limited by various challenges. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a cornerstone of tumor immunotherapy, have emerged as one of the most promising advancements in cancer treatment. Although ICIs, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, have demonstrated clinical efficacy, their therapeutic impact remains suboptimal due to patient-specific variability and tumor immune resistance. Cell death is a fundamental process for maintaining tissue homeostasis and function. Recent research highlights that the combination of induced regulatory cell death (RCD) and ICIs can substantially enhance anti-tumor responses across multiple cancer types. In cells exhibiting high levels of recombinant solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) protein, glucose deprivation triggers a programmed cell death (PCD) pathway characterized by disulfide bond formation and REDOX (reduction-oxidation) reactions, termed "disulfidptosis." Studies suggest that disulfidptosis plays a critical role in the therapeutic efficacy of SLC7A11high cancers. Therefore, to investigate the potential synergy between disulfidptosis and ICIs, this study will explore the mechanisms of both processes in tumor progression, with the goal of enhancing the anti-tumor immune response of ICIs by targeting the intracellular disulfidptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Of Southwest Medical University, Meishan, 620000, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Guojun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Of Southwest Medical University, Meishan, 620000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Of Southwest Medical University, Meishan, 620000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Junxin Li
- Department of pharmacy, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Congxing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengfei Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Luzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Luzhou Second People's Hospital, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Tian
- School of Nursing, Chongqing College of Humanities, Science & Technology, Chongqing, 401520, China
| | - Qiwei Deng
- Heruida Pharmaceutical Co.,ltd, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
| | - Longxiang Xie
- The TCM Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610100, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Of Southwest Medical University, Meishan, 620000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qimin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Of Southwest Medical University, Meishan, 620000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Of Southwest Medical University, Meishan, 620000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigui Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Of Southwest Medical University, Meishan, 620000, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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25
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Pouyan A, Ghorbanlo M, Eslami M, Jahanshahi M, Ziaei E, Salami A, Mokhtari K, Shahpasand K, Farahani N, Meybodi TE, Entezari M, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M. Glioblastoma multiforme: insights into pathogenesis, key signaling pathways, and therapeutic strategies. Mol Cancer 2025; 24:58. [PMID: 40011944 PMCID: PMC11863469 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-025-02267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by a poor prognosis and significant resistance to existing treatments. Despite progress in therapeutic strategies, the median overall survival remains approximately 15 months. A hallmark of GBM is its intricate molecular profile, driven by disruptions in multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt, NF-κB, and TGF-β, critical to tumor growth, invasion, and treatment resistance. This review examines the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic prospects of targeting these pathways in GBM, highlighting recent insights into pathway interactions and discovering new therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Pouyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghorbanlo
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Eslami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Jahanshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ziaei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Salami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Najma Farahani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tohid Emami Meybodi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Liu SY, Lv J, Li F, Zhang YX. Immunological profile of lactate metabolism-related genes in Psoriasis a comprehensive analysis based on bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data. Sci Rep 2025; 15:6872. [PMID: 40011693 PMCID: PMC11865271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-91237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (Pso) is a chronic erythema squamous disease often accompanied by metabolic abnormalities. Disturbances in lactate metabolism have been observed in the skin of patients with Pso, but the role of lactate metabolism in the pathogenesis of Pso remains unclear. To identify core genes associated with lactate metabolism in Pso, we downloaded and merged two Pso-related datasets (GSE13355, GSE109248) from the GEO database. Through comprehensive analysis, we analyzed the functions associated with these hub genes and the correlation between their expression levels and immune infiltration. Additionally, we explored lactate metabolism-related hub genes in different immune cells using single-cell sequencing data. We identified four lactate metabolism-related hub genes that are highly associated with Pso. Further analysis revealed that these four hub genes were significantly correlated with the levels of immune cell infiltration. To further elucidate the impact of lactate metabolism on immune cells, we analyzed single-cell sequencing data from healthy controls and Pso patients. The expression of lactate metabolism-related hub genes was primarily observed in moDCs and T cells. These results suggest that lactate metabolism-related genes and their functions are closely associated with changes in inflammatory cells in Pso patients. This study provides new insights into the role of lactate metabolism in the pathogenesis of Pso and highlights potential therapeutic targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Liu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Lv
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangmen, China
| | - Fangqing Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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27
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Ye L, Shen S, Mao Q, Lu H, Liu H, Zhang P, Jiang Z, Ma W, Sun Y, Chu Y, Zhou Z, Liu R, Li J, Li ST, Gao P, Zhang H. Nuclear-localized HKDC1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through phosphorylating RBBP5 to upregulate H3K4me3. Cell Rep 2025; 44:115250. [PMID: 39891906 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic enzymes play significant roles in the pathogenesis of various cancers through both canonical and noncanonical functions. Hexokinase domain-containing protein 1 (HKDC1) functions beyond glucose metabolism, but its underlying mechanisms in tumorigenesis are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear-localized HKDC1 acts as a protein kinase to promote hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation. Mechanistically, HKDC1 phosphorylates RB binding protein 5 (RBBP5) at Ser497, which is crucial for MLL1 complex assembly and subsequent histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) modification. This leads to the transcriptional activation of mitosis-related genes, thereby driving cell cycle progression and proliferation. Notably, targeting HKDC1's protein kinase activity, but not its HK activity, blocks RBBP5 phosphorylation and suppresses tumor growth. Clinical analysis further reveals that RBBP5 phosphorylation positively correlates with HKDC1 levels and poor HCC prognosis. These findings highlight the protein kinase function of HKDC1 in the activation of H3K4me3, gene expression, and HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shengqi Shen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiankun Mao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Pinggen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zetan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wenhao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yiyang Chu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zilong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shi-Ting Li
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hefei 230026, China.
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28
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Guo D, Yu Q, Tong Y, Qian X, Meng Y, Ye F, Jiang X, Wu L, Yang Q, Li S, Li M, Wu Q, Xiao L, He X, Zhu R, Liu G, Nie D, Luo S, Ma L, Jin RA, Liu Z, Liang X, Yan D, Lu Z. OXCT1 succinylation and activation by SUCLA2 promotes ketolysis and liver tumor growth. Mol Cell 2025; 85:843-856.e6. [PMID: 39862868 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
Ketone bodies generated in hepatocytes in the adult liver are used for nonhepatic tissues as an energy source. However, ketolysis is reactivated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with largely unelucidated mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1), a rate-limiting enzyme in ketolysis, interacts with SUCLA2 upon IGF1 stimulation in HCC cells. This interaction results from ERK2-mediated SUCLA2 S124 phosphorylation and subsequent PIN1-mediated cis-trans isomerization of SUCLA2. OXCT1-associated SUCLA2 generates succinyl-CoA, which not only serves as a substrate for OXCT1 but also directly succinylates OXCT1 at K421 and activates OXCT1. SUCLA2-regulated OXCT1 activation substantially enhances ketolysis, HCC cell proliferation, and tumor growth in mice. Notably, treatment with acetohydroxamic acid, an OXCT1 inhibitor used clinically for urinary infection, inhibits liver tumor growth in mice and significantly enhances lenvatinib therapy. Our findings highlight the role of SUCLA2-coupled regulation of OXCT1 succinylation in ketolysis and unveil an unprecedented strategy for treating HCC by interrupting ketolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Qiujing Yu
- Department of Health Management Center & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China.
| | - Yingying Tong
- Cancer Center, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Lihui Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Suyao Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Min Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Qingang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Liwei Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Xuxiao He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Rongxuan Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Guijun Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Dou Nie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Shudi Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Leina Ma
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Ren-An Jin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-omics Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-omics Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.
| | - Dong Yan
- Cancer Center, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China.
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29
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Li D, Wen G, Wang H, Ren Q, Wang D, Dao A, Huang H, Zhang P. Photoredox-Mediated Immunotherapy Utilizing Rhenium(I) Photocatalysts with Electron Donor-Acceptor-Donor Configuration. J Med Chem 2025; 68:3749-3763. [PMID: 39854246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2025]
Abstract
The hypoxic environment of solid tumors significantly diminishes the therapeutic efficacy of oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy. Developing efficient photosensitizers that operate via photoredox catalysis presents a promising strategy to overcome this challenge. Herein, we report the rational design of two rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes (Re-TPO and Re-TP) with electron donor-acceptor-donor configuration. Notably, Re-TP exhibits aggregation-induced emission properties and enhanced spin-orbit coupling compared to Re-TPO, thus exhibiting promoted photosensitizing capability. In addition to generating type I and II reactive oxygen species, the excited Re-TP facilitates the photocatalytic oxidation of NADH to NAD+ and the photoreduction of pyruvic acid to lactic acid. This metabolic intervention triggers PD-L1-linked immune responses and disrupts tumor redox balance, leading to ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death. The combined ferroptosis and immunotherapy effects significantly suppress both primary and distant B16 tumors. This investigation provides a compelling model for designing efficient metal-based PSs for photoredox-mediated photoimmunotherapy against hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guoqing Wen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haobing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qingyan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Deliang Wang
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Anyi Dao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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30
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Xu T, Chu C, Xue S, Jiang T, Wang Y, Xia W, Lin H. Identification and validation of a prognostic signature of drug resistance and mitochondrial energy metabolism-related differentially expressed genes for breast cancer. J Transl Med 2025; 23:131. [PMID: 39885513 PMCID: PMC11780791 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-025-06080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/01/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance constitutes one of the principal causes of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Although cancer cells can maintain viability independently of mitochondrial energy metabolism, they remain reliant on mitochondrial functions for the synthesis of new DNA strands. This dependency underscores a potential link between mitochondrial energy metabolism and drug resistance. Hence, drug resistance and mitochondrial energy metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (DMRDEGs) may emerge as candidates for novel cancer biomarkers. This study endeavors to assess the viability of DMRDEGs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for breast cancer. METHODS We utilized the DRESIS database and MSigDB to identify genes related to drug resistance. Additionally, we sourced genes associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism from GeneCards and extant literature. By merging these genes with differentially expressed genes observed in normal and tumor tissues from the TCGA-BRCA and GEO databases, we successfully identified the DMRDEGs. Employing unsupervised consensus clustering, we divided breast cancer patients into two distinct groups based on the DMRDEGs. Consequently, we identified four hub genes to formulate a prognostic model, applying Cox regression, LASSO regression, and Random Forest methods. Furthermore, we examined immune infiltration and tumor mutation burden of the genes within our model and scrutinized divergences in the immune microenvironment between high- and low-risk groups. Small hairpin RNA and lentiviral plasmids were designed for stable transfection of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806. By conducting clone formation, scratch test, transwell assays, cell viability assay and measurement of oxygen consumption we initiated a preliminary investigation into mechanistic roles of AIFM1. RESULTS We utilized DMRDEGs to develop a prognostic model that includes four mRNAs for breast cancer. This model combined with various clinical features and critical breast cancer facets, demonstrated remarkable efficacy in predicting patient outcomes. AIFM1 appeared to enhance the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806. Moreover, by reducing oxygen consumption, it aids in the cancer cells' acquisition of drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS DMRDEGs hold promise as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Among the associated mutated genes, ATP7B, FUS, AIFM1, and PPARG could serve as early diagnostic indicators, and notably, AIFM1 may present itself as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankai Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongchao Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanxin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Li J, Jiang Y, Ma M, Wang L, Jing M, Yang Z, Zhang M, Chen K, Fan J. Epithelial cell diversity and immune remodeling in bladder cancer progression: insights from single-cell transcriptomics. J Transl Med 2025; 23:135. [PMID: 39885578 PMCID: PMC11783851 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-025-06138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/01/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression of bladder cancer (BC) from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) significantly increases disease severity. Although the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in this process, the heterogeneity of tumor cells and TME components remains underexplored. METHODS We characterized the transcriptomes of single cells from 11 BC samples, including 4 NMIBC, 4 MIBC, and 3 adjacent normal tissues. Bulk RNA-seq data were used to validate the clinical features of characteristic cells, and protein levels of these cells were further confirmed through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multiplex immunofluorescence. RESULTS Bladder cancer progression was associated with distinct transcriptomic features in the TME. Tumor cells in MIBC displayed enhanced glycolytic activity and downregulation of chemokines and MHC-II molecules, reducing immune cell recruitment and facilitating immune evasion. This highlights glycolysis as a potential therapeutic target for disrupting tumor progression. We identified a T cell exhaustion pathway from naive CD8 + T cells (CD8 + TCF7) to terminally exhausted CD8 + STMN1 cells, with progressively declining immune surveillance. Targeting intermediate exhaustion states may restore T cell function and improve anti-tumor immunity. Macrophages polarized toward a pro-tumorigenic phenotype, while VEGFA + mast cells promoted angiogenesis in early-stage BC, suggesting their role as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in NMIBC. Furthermore, conventional dendritic cells (DCs) transformed into LAMP3 + DCs, contributing to an immunosuppressive microenvironment and enabling immune evasion. CONCLUSION This study reveals dynamic changes in the TME during BC progression, including enhanced glycolysis, T cell exhaustion, and immune cell remodeling, which contribute to immune evasion and tumor progression. These findings identify critical pathways and cell populations as potential therapeutic targets, offering new strategies to improve treatment outcomes in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yunzhong Jiang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Minghai Ma
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Minxuan Jing
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zezhong Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mengzhao Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Jinhai Fan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Zhang X, Chen T, Zhang F, Shi H, Li X, Wang Z, Wang D, Hou C. METTL1 coordinates cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression via the m7G modification of the ATF4 mRNA. Cell Death Discov 2025; 11:27. [PMID: 39870616 PMCID: PMC11772585 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-025-02304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 01/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Methyltransferase-like 1 (METTL1)-mediated m7G modification is a common occurrence in various RNA species, including mRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, and miRNAs. Recent evidence suggests that this modification is linked to the development of several cancers, making it a promising target for cancer therapy. However, the specific role of m7G modification in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is not well understood. In this study, we observed conspicuously elevated levels of METTL1 in cSCC tumors and cell lines. Inhibiting METTL1 led to reduced survival, migration, invasion, and xenograft tumor growth in cSCC cells. Mechanistically, through a combination of RNA sequencing, m7G methylated immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)-qPCR, and mRNA stability assays, we discovered that METTL1 is responsible for the m7G modification of ATF4 mRNA, leading to increased expression of ATF4. Importantly, we demonstrated that this modification is dependent on the methyltransferase activity of METTL1. Additionally, we observed a positive association between ATF4 expression and METTL1 levels in cSCC tumors. Intriguingly, restoring ATF4 expression in cSCC cells not only promoted glycolysis but also reversed the anti-tumor effects of METTL1 knockdown. In conclusion, our results underscore the critical role of METTL1 and m7G modification in cSCC tumorigenesis, suggesting a promising target for future cSCC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fanrong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Huanhuan Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Chao Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Cheng C, Zha Q, Sun L, Cui T, Guo X, Xing C, Chen Z, Ji C, Liang S, Tao S, Chu J, Wu C, Chu Q, Gu X, Zhang N, Fu Y, Deng S, Zhu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Liu L. VCP downstream metabolite glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) inhibits CD8 +T cells function in the HCC microenvironment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2025; 10:26. [PMID: 39848960 PMCID: PMC11758394 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-02120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 12/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2025] Open
Abstract
CD8+T cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) are often functionally impaired, which limits their ability to mount effective anti-tumor responses. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this dysfunction remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified valosin-containing protein (VCP) as a key regulator of CD8+T cells suppression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our findings reveal that VCP suppresses the activation, expansion, and cytotoxic capacity of CD8+T cells both in vitro and in vivo, significantly contributing to the immunosuppressive nature of the TME. Mechanistically, VCP stabilizes the expression of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like protein (GPD1L), leading to the accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), a downstream metabolite of GPD1L. The accumulated G3P diffuses into the TME and directly interacts with SRC-family tyrosine kinase LCK, a critical component of the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway in CD8+T cells. This interaction heightens the phosphorylation of Tyr505, a key inhibitory residue, ultimately reducing LCK activity and impairing downstream TCR signaling. Consequently, CD8+T cells lose their functional capacity, diminishing their ability to fight against HCC. Importantly, we demonstrated that targeting VCP in combination with anti-PD1 therapy significantly suppresses HCC tumor growth and restores the anti-tumor function of CD8+T cells, suggesting synergistic therapeutic potential. These findings highlight a previously unrecognized mechanism involving VCP and G3P in suppressing T-cell-mediated immunity in the TME, positioning VCP as a promising upstream target for enhancing immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Qingrui Zha
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Linmao Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Tianming Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Changjian Xing
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Zhengxiang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Changyong Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Shuhang Liang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Shengwei Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Junhui Chu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Chenghui Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Qi Chu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xuetian Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yumin Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Shumin Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yitong Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
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Su H, Peng Y, Wu Y, Zeng X. Overcoming immune evasion with innovative multi-target approaches for glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1541467. [PMID: 39911397 PMCID: PMC11794508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1541467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) cells leverage complex endogenous and environmental regulatory mechanisms to drive proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Tumor immune evasion, facilitated by a multifactorial network, poses a significant challenge to effective therapy, as evidenced by the limited clinical benefits of monotherapies, highlighting the adaptive nature of immune evasion. This review explores glioblastoma's immune evasion mechanisms, the role of ICIs in the tumor microenvironment, and recent clinical advancements, offering theoretical insights and directions for monotherapy and combination therapy in glioblastoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yilong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi “Flagship” Oncology Department of Synergy for Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Ma M, Zhang Y, Pu K, Tang W. Nanomaterial-enabled metabolic reprogramming strategies for boosting antitumor immunity. Chem Soc Rev 2025; 54:653-714. [PMID: 39620588 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00679h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2025]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a crucial strategy in cancer treatment, but its effectiveness is often constrained. Most cancer immunotherapies focus on stimulating T-cell-mediated immunity by driving the cancer-immunity cycle, which includes tumor antigen release, antigen presentation, T cell activation, infiltration, and tumor cell killing. However, metabolism reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment (TME) supports the viability of cancer cells and inhibits the function of immune cells within this cycle, presenting clinical challenges. The distinct metabolic needs of tumor cells and immune cells require precise and selective metabolic interventions to maximize therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Recent advances in nanotherapeutics offer a promising approach to target tumor metabolism reprogramming and enhance the cancer-immunity cycle through tailored metabolic modulation. In this review, we explore cutting-edge nanomaterial strategies for modulating tumor metabolism to improve therapeutic outcomes. We review the design principles of nanoplatforms for immunometabolic modulation, key metabolic pathways and their regulation, recent advances in targeting these pathways for the cancer-immunity cycle enhancement, and future prospects for next-generation metabolic nanomodulators in cancer immunotherapy. We expect that emerging immunometabolic modulatory nanotechnology will establish a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muye Ma
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Dr 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutic Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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Chen L, Yang J, Jia L, Wei X, Wang H, Liu Z, Jiang S, Li P, Zhou Y, Wang H, Si N, Bian B, Zhao Q, Zhao H. MOF-derived intelligent arenobufagin nanocomposites with glucose metabolism inhibition for enhanced bioenergetic therapy and integrated photothermal-chemodynamic-chemotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2025; 23:19. [PMID: 39819479 PMCID: PMC11740360 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-03084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Bioenergetic therapy based on tumor glucose metabolism is emerging as a promising therapeutic modality. To overcome the poor bioavailability and toxicity of arenobufagin (ArBu), a MOF-derived intelligent nanosystem, ZIAMH, was designed to facilitate energy deprivation by simultaneous interventions of glycolysis, OXPHOS and TCA cycle. Herein, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 was loaded with ArBu and indocyanine green, encapsulated within metal-phenolic networks for chemodynamic therapy and hyaluronic acid modification for tumor targeting. ZIAMH nanoparticles can release ArBu in the tumor microenvironment for chemtherapy, and ICG enables photothermal therapy under near-infrared laser irradiation. In vitro and in vivo mechanism studies revealed that the ZIAMH nanoplatform downregulated glucose metabolism related genes, resulting in the reduction of energy substances and metabolites in tumors. Additionally, it significantly promoted cell apoptosis by upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, cytochrome C. Animal studies have shown that the tumor inhibition efficiency of ZIAMH nanomedicines was three fold higher than that of free drugs. Therefore, this study provides a new strategy for glucose metabolism-mediated bioenergetic therapy and PTT/CDT/CT combined therapy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lingyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaolu Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Nan Si
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Baolin Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qinghe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Yang L, Li S, Yu L, Leng J, Li N. Targeting glycolysis: exploring a new frontier in glioblastoma therapy. Front Immunol 2025; 15:1522392. [PMID: 39877360 PMCID: PMC11772265 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1522392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma(GBM) is a highly malignant primary central nervous system tumor that poses a significant threat to patient survival due to its treatment resistance and rapid recurrence.Current treatment options, including maximal safe surgical resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, have limited efficacy.In recent years, the role of glycolytic metabolic reprogramming in GBM has garnered increasing attention. This review delves into the pivotal role of glycolytic metabolic reprogramming in GBM, with a particular focus on the multifaceted roles of lactate, a key metabolic product, within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Lactate has been implicated in promoting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion. Additionally, this review systematically analyzes potential therapeutic strategies targeting key molecules within the glycolytic pathway, such as Glucose Transporters (GLUTs), Monocarboxylate Transporters(MCTs), Hexokinase 2 (HK2), 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), Pyruvate Kinase Isozyme Type M2 (PKM2), and the Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA). These studies provide a novel perspective for GBM treatment. Despite progress made in existing research, challenges remain, including drug penetration across the blood-brain barrier, side effects, and resistance. Future research will aim to address these challenges by improving drug delivery, minimizing side effects, and exploring combination therapies with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy to develop more precise and effective personalized treatment strategies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
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Yang Z, Liu X, Zhu J, Chai Y, Cong B, Li B, Gao W, Hu Y, Wen M, Liu Y, Fu L, Cao X. Inhibiting intracellular CD28 in cancer cells enhances antitumor immunity and overcomes anti-PD-1 resistance via targeting PD-L1. Cancer Cell 2025; 43:86-102.e10. [PMID: 39672166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
Deciphering mechanisms for cancer immune escape may provide targets for improving immunotherapy efficacy. By in vivo genome-wide CRISPR loss-of-function screening in a mouse model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), we uncovered a non-classical function of Cd28 in cancer cells to promote immune escape. Knocking out Cd28 in cancer cells increased infiltration of type I conventional DC (cDC1) and activated tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, and pharmaceutical inducible knockdown of Cd28 inhibited pre-established tumor growth and overcame anti-PD-1 resistance in vivo. Furthermore, high expression of cancer cell CD28 in human TNBC tissues correlated with elevated PD-L1 expression, less CD8+ T cell infiltration, and poor prognosis. Mechanistically, intracellular CD28 directly bound to Cd274 mRNA and recruited spliceosomal factor SNRPB2 to stabilize Cd274 mRNA in nucleus, promoting PD-L1 expression and immune escape. Therefore, disrupting cancer cell CD28-mediated immune escape may provide a potential approach to improve breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yangyang Chai
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Boyi Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wanfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ye Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mingyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.
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Shi Y, Zheng H, Wang T, Zhou S, Zhao S, Li M, Cao B. Targeting KRAS: from metabolic regulation to cancer treatment. Mol Cancer 2025; 24:9. [PMID: 39799325 PMCID: PMC11724471 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025] Open
Abstract
The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) protein plays a key pathogenic role in oncogenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. Numerous studies have explored the role of metabolic alterations in KRAS-driven cancers, providing a scientific rationale for targeting metabolism in cancer treatment. The development of KRAS-specific inhibitors has also garnered considerable attention, partly due to the challenge of acquired treatment resistance. Here, we review the metabolic reprogramming of glucose, glutamine, and lipids regulated by oncogenic KRAS, with an emphasis on recent insights into the relationship between changes in metabolic mechanisms driven by KRAS mutant and related advances in targeted therapy. We also focus on advances in KRAS inhibitor discovery and related treatment strategies in colorectal, pancreatic, and non-small cell lung cancer, including current clinical trials. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the current understanding of metabolic mechanisms associated with KRAS mutation and related therapeutic strategies, aiming to facilitate the understanding of current challenges in KRAS-driven cancer and to support the investigation of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Shi
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Peking University Third Hospital, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shengpu Zhou
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shiqing Zhao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Peking University Third Hospital, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Baoshan Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Correa HL, Rosa TS, Santos RL, Mestrinho VM, Aquino TS, Santos WO, Neves RP, Deus LA, Reis AL, Barbosa JM, Araujo TB, Verhoeff R, Yatim K, Mendes D, Manfro RC, Borges TJ, Riella LV. The impact of different exercise modalities on chronic kidney disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Front Physiol 2025; 15:1444976. [PMID: 39835199 PMCID: PMC11743718 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1444976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exercise is widely recognized for its benefits to chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, the specific impact of different exercise modalities on CKD-related outcomes remains unclear. This study sought to summarize the effects of different exercise modalities on the main outcomes impacted by CKD. Methods We searched for systematic review with meta-analysis in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. We evaluated the methodological quality of included studies by AMSTAR2 tool and by individually evaluating the heterogeneity, sample power, and statistical significances from meta-analyses. Results We included 44 meta-analyses, encompassing 35,432 CKD patients in pre-dialysis and dialysis stages (peritoneal and hemodialysis). Data from meta-analyses with highly suggestive or strong evidence grading suggests that aerobic and combined training were most effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness (main effect: 2.1, 95% CI: 0.8-3.4, and main effect: 3.4; 95% CI: 2.4-4.6, respectively). Combined training showed a consistent benefit in psychosocial domains (main effect: -7.3; 95% CI: -9.31 to -53). All exercise modalities significantly improve functional performance, except isometric training, which impacted just fistula maturation (main effect: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.5-1.2). Conclusion Exercise emerges as a potential non-pharmacological therapy for CKD patients. Tailoring exercise to specific outcomes appears to be crucial, as different exercise modalities exhibit varying effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo L. Correa
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Thiago S. Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rafael L. Santos
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís S. Aquino
- Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Weberth O. Santos
- Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P. Neves
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lysleine A. Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Andrea L. Reis
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jessica M. Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Thais B. Araujo
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ruchama Verhoeff
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Karim Yatim
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Mendes
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Roberto C. Manfro
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS – Brasil
| | - Thiago J. Borges
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Leonardo V. Riella
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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Lan T, Gao F, Cai Y, Lv Y, Zhu J, Liu H, Xie S, Wan H, He H, Xie K, Liu C, Wu H. The protein circPETH-147aa regulates metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma cells to remodel immunosuppressive microenvironment. Nat Commun 2025; 16:333. [PMID: 39747873 PMCID: PMC11696079 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming fuels cancer cell metastasis and remodels the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). We report here that circPETH, a circular RNA (circRNA) transported via extracellular vesicles (EVs) from tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, facilitates glycolysis and metastasis in recipient HCC cells. Mechanistically, circPETH-147aa, encoded by circPETH in an m6A-driven manner, promotes PKM2-catalyzed ALDOA-S36 phosphorylation via the MEG pocket. Furthermore, circPETH-147aa impairs anti-HCC immunity by increasing HuR-dependent SLC43A2 mRNA stability and driving methionine and leucine deficiency in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Importantly, through virtual and experimental screening, we find that a small molecule, Norathyriol, is an effective inhibitor that targets the MEG pocket on the circPETH-147aa surface. Norathyriol reverses circPETH-147aa-facilitated acquisition of metabolic and metastatic phenotypes by HCC cells, increases anti-PD1 efficacy, and enhances cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell function. Here we show that Norathyriol is a promising anti-HCC agent that contributes to attenuating the resistance of advanced HCC to immune checkpoint blocker (ICB) therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Laboratory of Hepatic AI Translation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fengwei Gao
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Hepatic AI Translation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunshi Cai
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Hepatic AI Translation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinghao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Hepatic AI Translation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatic AI Translation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Hepatic AI Translation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sinan Xie
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Hepatic AI Translation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Wan
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Hepatic AI Translation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haorong He
- Laboratory of Hepatic AI Translation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunlin Xie
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Hepatic AI Translation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Laboratory of Hepatic AI Translation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Fullaondo A, Zalduendo M, Osinalde N, Alkhraisat MH, Anitua E, Zubiaga AM. Impact of increasingly complex cell culture conditions on the proteome of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Regen Med 2025; 20:21-34. [PMID: 39754557 PMCID: PMC11881847 DOI: 10.1080/17460751.2024.2445931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025] Open
Abstract
AIMS Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) exhibit an enormous potential to regenerate periodontal tissue. However, their translatability to the clinical setting is constrained by technical difficulties in standardizing culture conditions. The aim was to assess complex culture conditions using a proteomic-based protocol to standardize multi-layer hPDLSC cultivation methodology. MATERIALS AND METHODS hPDLSC-derived constructs were created with varying biological complexity. The simplest constructs were monolayer sheets of hPDLSCs cultured with fetal bovine serum (FBS) or Plasma Rich in Growth Factors supernatant (PRGFsn). The most complex constructs were triple-layered cell structures cultured with PRGFsn, with or without PRGF fibrin membrane (mPRGF). Ultrastructure and proteomic analyses were performed on these constructs. RESULTS PRGF supernatant improved protein expression related to extracellular matrix, adhesion, proliferation, and migration in hPDLSCs. PRGF fibrin scaffold upregulates proteins for cell activation, respiration, and electron transport. hPDLSCs on fibrin membrane show robust osteogenic potential through differential protein expression (ossification, tissue remodeling, morphogenesis, or cell migration) and overall homeostasis relative to less complex structures. CONCLUSION Our data reveal the far-reaching potential of 3-dimensional constructs in combination with PRGF technology in periodontal regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Fullaondo
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Mar Zalduendo
- UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, Vitoria, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine Department, BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Nerea Osinalde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mohammad H. Alkhraisat
- UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, Vitoria, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine Department, BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eduardo Anitua
- UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, Vitoria, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine Department, BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Ana M. Zubiaga
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, Vitoria, Spain
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Wang D, Bi X, Zhao L, Xiang S, Xi W, Yang S, Wu W, Chen T, Zheng L, Chi X, Kang Y. Targeting SphK1/S1PR3 axis ameliorates sepsis-induced multiple organ injury via orchestration of macrophage polarization and glycolysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2025; 1872:119877. [PMID: 39549732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/18/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a heterogeneous and imprecise disorder characterized by aberrant response to infection which has been accredited for detrimental impact on immune homeostasis. Recently, macrophage metabolism has been recognized as attractive targets to develop novel immunomodulatory therapy for sepsis research. However, the fine-tuning regulators dictating macrophage functions and the specific mechanisms underlying macrophage metabolic reprogramming remain largely obscure. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a metabolic mediator of sphingolipid catabolism, predominantly formed through sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) catalyzing, mediates inflammation in sepsis by binding to S1P receptor 3 (S1PR3) expressed in macrophages. Here we demonstrate that SphK1/S1PR3 axis was upregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages and septic mice lungs, cascading the activation of proglycolytic signaling such as HIF-1α, HK2 and PFKFB3. Targeted inhibition of Sphk1 by PF-543 effectively abrogated upregulated SphK1/S1PR3 axis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, PF-543 significantly suppressed sepsis-related inflammation and multi-organ injury in vivo. Furthermore, PF-543 not only blunted key glycolytic enzymes HIF-1α, HK2, and PFKFB3 in LPS-treated macrophages but also inhibited HK2 and PFKFB3 in septic mice. Silencing or inhibiting SphK1 tempered pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages while boosted anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Intriguingly, S1PR3 knockdown proficiently dampened glycolysis-associated markers, retrieved LPS-modulated M1/M2 polarization and attenuated NF-κB p65 activation. In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence that PF-543 orchestrates proportional imbalance of macrophage polarization and the Warburg effect in a SphK1/S1PR3 dependent manner during sepsis, mitigating both hyperinflammation and multi-organ failure, adding a novel puzzle piece to pharmacologically exploitable therapy for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Surgical Anesthesia Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinwen Bi
- Surgical Anesthesia Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le Zhao
- Surgical Anesthesia Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shijian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjie Xi
- Surgical Anesthesia Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shushu Yang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijie Wu
- Surgical Anesthesia Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tufeng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Surgical Anesthesia Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xinjin Chi
- Surgical Anesthesia Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yang Kang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Xu Y, Wu Y, Zheng X, Wang D, Ni H, Chen W, Wang K. A Smart Nanomedicine Unleashes a Dual Assault of Glucose Starvation and Cuproptosis to Supercharge αPD-L1 Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2411378. [PMID: 39632613 PMCID: PMC11775525 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202411378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Combination therapy has become a promising strategy for promoting the outcomes of anti-programmed death ligand-1 (αPD-L1) therapy in lung cancer. Among all, emerging strategies targeting cancer metabolism have shown great potency in treating cancers with immunotherapy. Here, alteration in glucose and copper metabolisms is found to synergistically regulate PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells. Thus, an intelligent biomimetic nano-delivery system is synthesized by camouflaging lung cancer cell membranes onto glucose oxidase-loaded Cu-LDHs (CMGCL) for cancer metabolism targeted interference. Such novel nanomedicine is able to induce lung cancer cell cuproptosis and PD-L1 upregulation significantly via self-amplified cascade reactions. Meanwhile, with a decent cancer cell membrane coating, CMGCL exhibited great biosafety, tumor-targeted efficiency and anti-tumor effects in LLC lung tumor-bearing mice models. Additionally, a combination of CMGCL can sensitize the therapeutic effects of αPD-L1, substantially promoting tumor inhibition in both subcutaneous and lung metastasis LLC-bearing mice models. Overall, these findings highlight the potential connections between glucose metabolism and cell cuproptosis, offering a promising approach for treating lung cancer by integrating starvation, cuproptosis, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineCenter for Oncology MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicineand International School of MedicineInternational Institutes of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwu322000China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Lung CancerYiwu322000China
| | - Yuan Wu
- College of JiyangZhejiang A&F UniversityZhuji311800China
| | - Xinjie Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineCenter for Oncology MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicineand International School of MedicineInternational Institutes of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwu322000China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Lung CancerYiwu322000China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Department of Nuclear MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin150000China
| | - Hangqi Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineCenter for Oncology MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicineand International School of MedicineInternational Institutes of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwu322000China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Lung CancerYiwu322000China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineCenter for Oncology MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicineand International School of MedicineInternational Institutes of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwu322000China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Lung CancerYiwu322000China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineCenter for Oncology MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicineand International School of MedicineInternational Institutes of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwu322000China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Lung CancerYiwu322000China
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Kane K, Edwards D, Chen J. The influence of endothelial metabolic reprogramming on the tumor microenvironment. Oncogene 2025; 44:51-63. [PMID: 39567756 PMCID: PMC11706781 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) that line blood vessels act as gatekeepers and shape the metabolic environment of every organ system. In normal conditions, endothelial cells are relatively quiescent with organ-specific expression signatures and metabolic profiles. In cancer, ECs are metabolically reprogrammed to promote the formation of new blood vessels to fuel tumor growth and metastasis. In addition to EC's role on tumor cells, the tortuous tumor vasculature contributes to an immunosuppressive environment by limiting T lymphocyte infiltration and activity while also promoting the recruitment of other accessory pro-angiogenic immune cells. These elements aid in the metastatic spreading of cancer cells and contribute to therapeutic resistance. The concept of restoring a more stabilized vasculature in concert with cancer immunotherapy is emerging as a potential approach to overcoming barriers in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the metabolism of endothelial cells, their regulation of nutrient uptake and delivery, and their impact in shaping the tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor immunity. We highlight new therapeutic approaches that target the tumor vasculature and harness the immune response. Appreciating the integration of metabolic state and nutrient levels and the crosstalk among immune cells, tumor cells, and ECs in the TME may provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelby Kane
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deanna Edwards
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Peng S, Wu M, Yan Q, Xu G, Xie Y, Tang G, Lin J, Yuan Z, Liang X, Yuan Z, Weng J, Bai L, Wang X, Yu H, Huang M, Luo Y, Liu X. Disrupting EDEM3-induced M2-like macrophage trafficking by glucose restriction overcomes resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Clin Transl Med 2025; 15:e70161. [PMID: 39754316 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.70161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 12/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy is beneficial for some colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but immunosuppressive networks limit its effectiveness. Cancer-associatedfibroblasts (CAFs) are significant in immune escape and resistance toimmunotherapy, emphasizing the urgent need for new treatment strategies. METHODS Flow cytometric, Western blotting, proteomics analysis, analysis of public database data, genetically modified cell line models, T cell coculture, crystal violetstaining, ELISA, metabonomic and clinical tumour samples were conducted to assess the role of EDEM3 in immune escape and itsmolecular mechanisms. We evaluated theeffects of FMD plus 2-DG on antitumour immunity using multipleximmunofluorescence, flow cytometry, cytokine profiling, TUNEL assays, xenografttumours, and in vivo studies. RESULTS We show thatCAFs upregulate PD-L1 glycosylation and contribute to immune evasion byglycosyltransferase EDEM3. Additionally, EDEM3 plays a role in tumour immunityduring tumour progression. However, the EDEM3-mediated upregulation of PD-L1 expression underpins PD-1/PD-L1 blockade resistance in vivo. This finding contradictsthe previous trend that positive PD-L1 expression indicates a strong responseto PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Mechanistically, high-EDEM3 expression facilitates M2-like This finding contradictsthe previous trend that positive PD-L1 expression indicates a strong responseto PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.Mechanistically, polarizationand chemotactic migration of macrophages, which are enriched in theperipheral region of tumours compared to thecore region, precluding access of CD8+ T cells to tumourfoci. Furthermore, we EDEM3 predominantly activates the recruited M2-like macrophagesvia a glucose metabolism-dependent mechanism. Manipulationof glucose utilization by a fasting-mimicking diet(FMD) plus 2-DG treatmentsynergistically with PD-1 antibody elicits potent antitumour activity byeffectively decreasing tumour glycosylated PD-L1 expression, augmenting the CD8+effector T cell infiltration and activation while concurrently reducing the infiltration.TheCAFs-EDEM3-M2-like macrophage axis plays a critical role in promotingimmunotherapy resistance. infiltration.TheCAFs-EDEM3-M2-like macrophage axis plays a critical role in promotingimmunotherapy resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that blocking EDEM3-induced M2-like macro phage trafficking by FMD plus 2-DG is a promising and effective strategy to overcomeresistance to checkpoint blockade therapy offeringhope for improved treatment outcomes. KEY POINTS Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can enhance PD-L1 glycosylation through the glycosyltransferase EDEM3, contributing to immune evasion during tumour progression. EDEM3 predominantly activates the recruit M2-like macrophages via a glucose metabolism-dependent mechanism. Blocking glucose utilization antagonizes recruiting and polarizing M2-like macrophages synergistically with PD-1 antibody to improve anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Peng
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minshan Wu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaopo Xu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumo Xie
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guannan Tang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxin Lin
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zixu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze Yuan
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingrong Weng
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangliang Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Nguyen AL, Facey COB, Boman BM. The Significance of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 26:251. [PMID: 39796106 PMCID: PMC11720537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2024] [Revised: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to discuss the role of ALDH isozymes in different cancers, review advances in ALDH1-targeting cancer therapies, and explore a mechanism that explains how ALDH expression becomes elevated during cancer development. ALDH is often overexpressed in cancer, and each isoform has a unique expression pattern and a distinct role in different cancers. The abnormal expression of ALDHs in different cancer types (breast, colorectal, lung, gastric, cervical, melanoma, prostate, and renal) is presented and correlated with patient prognosis. ALDH plays a significant role in various cellular functions, such as metabolism, oxidative stress response, detoxification, and cellular differentiation. Among the ALDH families, ALDH1 has gained considerable attention as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker due to its significant role in the maintenance of stemness and the differentiation of stem cells (SCs), along with its involvement in tumorigenesis. A description of the cellular mechanisms and physiology of ALDH1 that underlies cancer development is provided. Moreover, current advances in ALDH1-targeting cancer therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh L. Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, 4701 Ogletown-Stanton Road, Newark, DE 19713, USA;
| | - Caroline O. B. Facey
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, 4701 Ogletown-Stanton Road, Newark, DE 19713, USA;
| | - Bruce M. Boman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, 4701 Ogletown-Stanton Road, Newark, DE 19713, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Tian M, Yang L, Zhao Z, Li J, Wang L, Yin Q, Hu W, Lou Y, Du J, Zhao P. TIPE drives a cancer stem-like phenotype by promoting glycolysis via PKM2/HIF-1α axis in melanoma. eLife 2024; 13:RP92741. [PMID: 39728923 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
TIPE (TNFAIP8) has been identified as an oncogene and participates in tumor biology. However, how its role in the metabolism of tumor cells during melanoma development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that TIPE promoted glycolysis by interacting with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in melanoma. We found that TIPE-induced PKM2 dimerization, thereby facilitating its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. TIPE-mediated PKM2 dimerization consequently promoted HIF-1α activation and glycolysis, which contributed to melanoma progression and increased its stemness features. Notably, TIPE specifically phosphorylated PKM2 at Ser 37 in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent manner. Consistently, the expression of TIPE was positively correlated with the levels of PKM2 Ser37 phosphorylation and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in melanoma tissues from clinical samples and tumor bearing mice. In summary, our findings indicate that the TIPE/PKM2/HIF-1α signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in promoting CSC properties by facilitating the glycolysis, which would provide a promising therapeutic target for melanoma intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojin Tian
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Zibo, China
| | - Le Yang
- Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziqian Zhao
- The Second Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jigang Li
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Zibo, China
| | - Lianqing Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Zibo, China
| | | | - Wei Hu
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Zibo, China
| | - Yunwei Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianxin Du
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Zibo, China
| | - Peiqing Zhao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Zibo, China
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Tang H, Cheng X, Liang L, Chen BZ, Liu C, Wang Y. A stimulus responsive microneedle-based drug delivery system for cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:6274-6283. [PMID: 39501760 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
The intricate nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) results in the inefficient delivery of anticancer drugs within tumor tissues, significantly compromising the therapeutic effect of cancer treatment. To address this issue, transdermal drug delivery microneedles (MNs) with high mechanical strength have emerged. Such MNs penetrate the skin barrier, enabling efficient drug delivery to tumor tissues. This approach enhances drug bioavailability, while also mitigating concerns such as liver and kidney toxicity associated with intravenous and oral drug administration. Notably, stimulus responsive MNs designed for drug delivery have the capacity to respond to various biological signals and pathological changes. This adaptability enables them to exert therapeutic effects within the TME, exploiting biochemical variations and tailoring treatment strategies to suit tumor characteristics. The present review surveys recent advancements in responsive MN systems. This comprehensive analysis serves as a valuable reference for the prospective application of smart MN drug delivery systems in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xueqing Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ling Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Bo Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yushu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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50
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Li Z, Liang P, Chen Z, Chen Z, Jin T, He F, Chen X, Yang K. CAF-secreted LOX promotes PD-L1 expression via histone Lactylation and regulates tumor EMT through TGFβ/IGF1 signaling in gastric Cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 124:111462. [PMID: 39395525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
In gastric cancer treatment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) may significantly influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors by modulating PD-L1 expression. However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between CAF and PD-L1 expression, providing new insights for improving PD-L1-targeted therapies. Using primary fibroblasts, transcriptome sequencing, ChIP-qPCR, and a lung metastasis model, we discovered that CAF secrete lysyl oxidase (LOX), which activates the TGFβ signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells, thereby promoting insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) expression. Upregulation of IGF1 enhances gastric cancer cell migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and glycolysis. Additionally, we found that lactate accumulation leads to lysine 18 lactylation on histone H3 (H3K18la), which enriches at the PD-L1 promoter region, thus promoting PD-L1 transcription. These findings suggest that CAF may diminish the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy through LOX-induced glycolysis and lactate accumulation. Consequently, we have constructed a model of the interactions among CAF, lactate, and PD-L1 in gastric cancer progression, providing new experimental evidence for PD-L1-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Li
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Panping Liang
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Zhengwen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Zehua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Fengjun He
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
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