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Tee EE, Faulkner C. Plasmodesmata and intercellular molecular traffic control. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:32-47. [PMID: 38494438 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata are plasma membrane-lined connections that join plant cells to their neighbours, establishing an intercellular cytoplasmic continuum through which molecules can travel between cells, tissues, and organs. As plasmodesmata connect almost all cells in plants, their molecular traffic carries information and resources across a range of scales, but dynamic control of plasmodesmal aperture can change the possible domains of molecular exchange under different conditions. Plasmodesmal aperture is controlled by specialised signalling cascades accommodated in spatially discrete membrane and cell wall domains. Thus, the composition of plasmodesmata defines their capacity for molecular trafficking. Further, their shape and density can likewise define trafficking capacity, with the cell walls between different cell types hosting different numbers and forms of plasmodesmata to drive molecular flux in physiologically important directions. The molecular traffic that travels through plasmodesmata ranges from small metabolites through to proteins, and possibly even larger mRNAs. Smaller molecules are transmitted between cells via passive mechanisms but how larger molecules are efficiently trafficked through plasmodesmata remains a key question in plasmodesmal biology. How plasmodesmata are formed, the shape they take, what they are made of, and what passes through them regulate molecular traffic through plants, underpinning a wide range of plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estee E Tee
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Christine Faulkner
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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2
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Pérez-Sancho J, Van den Broeck L, García-Caparros P, Sozzani R. Insights into multilevel spatial regulation within the root stem cell niche. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 86:102200. [PMID: 38704928 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
All differentiated root cells derive from stem cells spatially organized within the stem cell niche (SCN), a microenvironment located within the root tip. Here, we compiled recent advances in the understanding of how the SCN drives the establishment and maintenance of cell types. The quiescent center (QC) is widely recognized as the primary driver of cell fate determination, but it is recently considered a convergence center of multiple signals. Cell identity of the cortex endodermis initials is mainly driven by the regulatory feedback loops between transcription factors (TFs), acting as mobile signals between neighboring cells, including the QC. As exemplified in the vascular initials, the precise spatial expression of these regulatory TFs is connected with a dynamic hormonal interplay. Thus, stem cell maintenance and cell differentiation are regulated by a plethora of signals forming a complex, multilevel regulatory network. Integrating the transcriptional and post-translational regulations, protein-protein interactions, and mobile signals into models will be fundamental for the comprehensive understanding of SCN maintenance and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. https://twitter.com/@LisaVandenBroec
| | | | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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3
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Hu Z, Huang X, Xia H, Zhang Z, Lu H, Wang X, Sun Y, Cui M, Yang S, Kant S, Xu G, Sun S. Transcription factor OsSHR2 regulates rice architecture and yield per plant in response to nitrogen. PLANTA 2024; 259:148. [PMID: 38717679 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Mutation of OsSHR2 adversely impacted root and shoot growth and impaired plant response to N conditions, further reducing the yield per plant. Nitrogen (N) is a crucial factor that regulates the plant architecture. There is still a lack of research on it. In our study, it was observed that the knockout of the SHORTROOT 2 (OsSHR2) which was induced by N deficiency, can significantly affect the regulation of plant architecture response to N in rice. Under N deficiency, the mutation of OsSHR2 significantly reduced root growth, and impaired the sensitivity of the root meristem length to N deficiency. The mutants were found to have approximately a 15% reduction in plant height compared to wild type. But mutants showed a significant increase in tillering at post-heading stage, approximately 26% more than the wild type, particularly in high N conditions. In addition, due to reduced seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, mutant yield was significantly decreased by approximately 33% under low N fertilizer supply. The mutation also changed the distribution of N between the vegetative and reproductive organs. Our findings suggest that the transcription factor OsSHR2 plays a regulatory role in the response of plant architecture and yield per plant to N in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huihuang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhantian Zhang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, 265500, China
| | - Huixin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Mengyuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Surya Kant
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC, 3400, Australia
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shubin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Adema K, Schon MA, Nodine MD, Kohlen W. Lost in space: what single-cell RNA sequencing cannot tell you. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00066-9. [PMID: 38570278 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant scientists are rapidly integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) into their workflows. Maximizing the potential of scRNA-seq requires a proper understanding of the spatiotemporal context of cells. However, positional information is inherently lost during scRNA-seq, limiting its potential to characterize complex biological systems. In this review we highlight how current single-cell analysis pipelines cannot completely recover spatial information, which confounds biological interpretation. Various strategies exist to identify the location of RNA, from classical RNA in situ hybridization to spatial transcriptomics. Herein we discuss the possibility of utilizing this spatial information to supervise single-cell analyses. An integrative approach will maximize the potential of each technology, and lead to insights which go beyond the capability of each individual technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Adema
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A Schon
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael D Nodine
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Kohlen
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Schreiber JM, Limpens E, de Keijzer J. Distributing Plant Developmental Regulatory Proteins via Plasmodesmata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:684. [PMID: 38475529 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
During plant development, mobile proteins, including transcription factors, abundantly serve as messengers between cells to activate transcriptional signaling cascades in distal tissues. These proteins travel from cell to cell via nanoscopic tunnels in the cell wall known as plasmodesmata. Cellular control over this intercellular movement can occur at two likely interdependent levels. It involves regulation at the level of plasmodesmata density and structure as well as at the level of the cargo proteins that traverse these tunnels. In this review, we cover the dynamics of plasmodesmata formation and structure in a developmental context together with recent insights into the mechanisms that may control these aspects. Furthermore, we explore the processes involved in cargo-specific mechanisms that control the transport of proteins via plasmodesmata. Instead of a one-fits-all mechanism, a pluriform repertoire of mechanisms is encountered that controls the intercellular transport of proteins via plasmodesmata to control plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M Schreiber
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Limpens
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Keijzer
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Cho Y, Kim Y, Lee H, Kim S, Kang J, Kadam US, Ju Park S, Sik Chung W, Chan Hong J. Cellular and physiological functions of SGR family in gravitropic response in higher plants. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00039-0. [PMID: 38295878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, gravity directs bidirectional growth; it specifies upward growth of shoots and downward growth of roots. Due to gravity, roots establish robust anchorage and shoot, which enables to photosynthesize. It sets optimum posture and develops plant architecture to efficiently use resources like water, nutrients, CO2, and gaseous exchange. Hence, gravitropism is crucial for crop productivity as well as for the growth of plants in challenging climate. Some SGR members are known to affect tiller and shoot angle, organ size, and inflorescence stem in plants. AIM OF REVIEW Although the SHOOT GRAVITROPISM (SGR) family plays a key role in regulating the fate of shoot gravitropism, little is known about its function compared to other proteins involved in gravity response in plant cells and tissues. Moreover, less information on the SGR family's physiological activities and biochemical responses in shoot gravitropism is available. This review scrutinizes and highlights the recent developments in shoot gravitropism and provides an outlook for future crop development, multi-application scenarios, and translational research to improve agricultural productivity. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Plants have evolved multiple gene families specialized in gravitropic responses, of which the SGR family is highly significant. The SGR family regulates the plant's gravity response by regulating specific physiological and biochemical processes such as transcription, cell division, amyloplast sedimentation, endodermis development, and vacuole formation. Here, we analyze the latest discoveries in shoot gravitropism with particular attention to SGR proteins in plant cell biology, cellular physiology, and homeostasis. Plant cells detect gravity signals by sedimentation of amyloplast (starch granules) in the direction of gravity, and the signaling cascade begins. Gravity sensing, signaling, and auxin redistribution (organ curvature) are the three components of plant gravitropism. Eventually, we focus on the role of multiple SGR genes in shoot and present a complete update on the participation of SGR family members in gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Cho
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Kim
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebi Lee
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sundong Kim
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Kang
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ulhas S Kadam
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Ohtsu M, Jennings J, Johnston M, Breakspear A, Liu X, Stark K, Morris RJ, de Keijzer J, Faulkner C. Assaying Effector Cell-to-Cell Mobility in Plant Tissues Identifies Hypermobility and Indirect Manipulation of Plasmodesmata. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:84-92. [PMID: 37942798 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-23-0052-ta] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In plants, plasmodesmata establish cytoplasmic continuity between cells to allow for communication and resource exchange across the cell wall. While plant pathogens use plasmodesmata as a pathway for both molecular and physical invasion, the benefits of molecular invasion (cell-to-cell movement of pathogen effectors) are poorly understood. To establish a methodology for identification and characterization of the cell-to-cell mobility of effectors, we performed a quantitative live imaging-based screen of candidate effectors of the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum. We predicted C. higginsianum effectors by their expression profiles, the presence of a secretion signal, and their predicted and in planta localization when fused to green fluorescent protein. We assayed for cell-to-cell mobility of nucleocytosolic effectors and identified 14 that are cell-to-cell mobile. We identified that three of these effectors are "hypermobile," showing cell-to-cell mobility greater than expected for a protein of that size. To explore the mechanism of hypermobility, we chose two hypermobile effectors and measured their impact on plasmodesmata function and found that even though they show no direct association with plasmodesmata, each increases the transport capacity of plasmodesmata. Thus, our methods for quantitative analysis of cell-to-cell mobility of candidate microbe-derived effectors, or any suite of host proteins, can identify cell-to-cell hypermobility and offer greater understanding of how proteins affect plasmodesmal function and intercellular connectivity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ohtsu
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Joanna Jennings
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Matthew Johnston
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Andrew Breakspear
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Xiaokun Liu
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Kara Stark
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Richard J Morris
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Jeroen de Keijzer
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
| | - Christine Faulkner
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, U.K
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Smet W, Blilou I. A blast from the past: Understanding stem cell specification in plant roots using laser ablation. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 4:e14. [PMID: 38034417 PMCID: PMC10685261 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2023.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In the Arabidopsis root, growth is sustained by the meristem. Signalling from organiser cells, also termed the quiescent centre (QC), is essential for the maintenance and replenishment of the stem cells. Here, we highlight three publications from the founder of the concept of the stem cell niche in Arabidopsis and a pioneer in unravelling regulatory modules governing stem cell specification and maintenance, as well as tissue patterning in the root meristem: Ben Scheres. His research has tremendously impacted the plant field. We have selected three publications from the Scheres legacy, which can be considered a breakthrough in the field of plant developmental biology. van den Berg et al. (1995) and van den Berg et al. (1997) uncovered that positional information-directed patterning. Sabatini et al. (1999), discovered that auxin maxima determine tissue patterning and polarity. We describe how simple but elegant experimental designs have provided the foundation of our current understanding of the functioning of the root meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Smet
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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9
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Hughes TE, Sedelnikova O, Thomas M, Langdale JA. Mutations in NAKED-ENDOSPERM IDD genes reveal functional interactions with SCARECROW during leaf patterning in C4 grasses. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010715. [PMID: 37068119 PMCID: PMC10138192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaves comprise a number of different cell-types that are patterned in the context of either the epidermal or inner cell layers. In grass leaves, two distinct anatomies develop in the inner leaf tissues depending on whether the leaf carries out C3 or C4 photosynthesis. In both cases a series of parallel veins develops that extends from the leaf base to the tip but in ancestral C3 species veins are separated by a greater number of intervening mesophyll cells than in derived C4 species. We have previously demonstrated that the GRAS transcription factor SCARECROW (SCR) regulates the number of photosynthetic mesophyll cells that form between veins in the leaves of the C4 species maize, whereas it regulates the formation of stomata in the epidermal leaf layer in the C3 species rice. Here we show that SCR is required for inner leaf patterning in the C4 species Setaria viridis but in this species the presumed ancestral stomatal patterning role is also retained. Through a comparative mutant analysis between maize, setaria and rice we further demonstrate that loss of NAKED-ENDOSPERM (NKD) INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) protein function exacerbates loss of function scr phenotypes in the inner leaf tissues of maize and setaria but not rice. Specifically, in both setaria and maize, scr;nkd mutants exhibit an increased proportion of fused veins with no intervening mesophyll cells. Thus, combined action of SCR and NKD may control how many mesophyll cells are specified between veins in the leaves of C4 but not C3 grasses. Together our results provide insight into the evolution of cell patterning in grass leaves and demonstrate a novel patterning role for IDD genes in C4 leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Hughes
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | | | - Mimi Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Jane A Langdale
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
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Xie C, Li C, Wang F, Zhang F, Liu J, Wang J, Zhang X, Kong X, Ding Z. NAC1 regulates root ground tissue maturation by coordinating with the SCR/SHR-CYCD6;1 module in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:709-725. [PMID: 36809880 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal control of the timing and extent of asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) is essential for plant development. In the Arabidopsis root, ground tissue maturation involves an additional ACD of the endodermis that maintains the inner cell layer as the endodermis and generates the middle cortex to the outside. Through regulation of the cell cycle regulator CYCLIND6;1 (CYCD6;1), the transcription factors SCARECROW (SCR) and SHORT-ROOT (SHR) play critical roles in this process. In the present study, we found that loss of function of NAC1, a NAC transcription factor family gene, causes markedly increased periclinal cell divisions in the root endodermis. Importantly, NAC1 directly represses the transcription of CYCD6;1 by recruiting the co-repressor TOPLESS (TPL), creating a fine-tuned mechanism to maintain proper root ground tissue patterning by limiting production of middle cortex cells. Biochemical and genetic analyses further showed that NAC1 physically interacts with SCR and SHR to restrict excessive periclinal cell divisions in the endodermis during root middle cortex formation. Although NAC1-TPL is recruited to the CYCD6;1 promoter and represses its transcription in an SCR-dependent manner, NAC1 and SHR antagonize each other to regulate the expression of CYCD6;1. Collectively, our study provides mechanistic insights into how the NAC1-TPL module integrates with the master transcriptional regulators SCR and SHR to control root ground tissue patterning by fine-tuning spatiotemporal expression of CYCD6;1 in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuantian Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Cuiling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiangpei Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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11
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Zhai N, Pan X, Zeng M, Xu L. Developmental trajectory of pluripotent stem cell establishment in Arabidopsis callus guided by a quiescent center-related gene network. Development 2023; 150:286991. [PMID: 36762604 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In plant tissue culture, callus formation is induced by a high auxin concentration. Among the three cell layers (the outer, middle and inner cell layers) of the callus, pluripotency acquisition in the middle cell layer is required for the potential ability of the callus to regenerate organs. Here, we reveal the developmental trajectory of middle cell layer initiation and maintenance in callus tissue originating from Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls. The S phase of the cell cycle is essential for the expression of quiescent center-related SCARECROW (SCR), PLETHORA1 (PLT1) and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5) genes during the division of callus founder cells to initiate the callus primordium. After callus initiation, SHOOT-ROOT (SHR) proteins move from the inner to the middle cell layer and act together with SCR to promote the expression of PLT1 and WOX5. WOX5 represses the expression of VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND) genes, thereby preventing callus tissue from differentiating into xylem cells. PLT1 and PLT2 directly activate JACKDAW (JKD), which is necessary for pluripotency acquisition in the middle cell layer. We hypothesize that the middle cell layer could have pluripotent stem cell activity and its establishment requires the quiescent center-related SCR-SHR-WOX5-PLT1/2-JKD gene network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuan Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minhuan Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Si F, Luo H, Yang C, Gong J, Yan B, Liu C, Song X, Cao X. Mobile ARGONAUTE 1d binds 22-nt miRNAs to generate phasiRNAs important for low-temperature male fertility in rice. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:197-208. [PMID: 36239908 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are abundantly expressed in anthers and linked to environment-related male fertility in grasses, yet how they function under different environmental conditions remains unclear. Here, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) low temperature-induced Argonaute (AGO) protein, OsAGO1d, that is responsible for generating phasiRNAs and preserving male fertility at low temperature. Loss of OsAGO1d function causes low-temperature male sterility associated with delayed programmed cell death of tapetal cells during anther development. OsAGO1d binds miR2118 and miR2275 family members and triggers phasiRNA biogenesis; it also binds 21-nt phasiRNAs with a 5' terminal U. In total, phasiRNAs from 972 loci are OsAGO1d-dependent. OsAGO1d protein moves from anther wall cells into meiocytes, where it loads miR2275 to produce 24-nt phasiRNAs. Together, our results show that OsAGO1d acts as a mobile signal to fine-tune phasiRNA production and this function is important for male fertility at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Si
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haofei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xianwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Innovative Academy of Seed Design (INASEED), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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13
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Yoon EK, Oh J, Lim J. (Don't) Look Up!: Is short-root just a short-root plant? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1069996. [PMID: 36466291 PMCID: PMC9712719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1069996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SHORT-ROOT (SHR) is a mobile transcription factor that plays important roles in ground tissue patterning, stem cell niche specification and maintenance, and vascular development in Arabidopsis roots. Although mRNA and protein of SHR are also found in hypocotyls, inflorescence stems, and leaves, its role in the above-ground organs has been less explored. In most developmental cases, SHR, together with its partner SCARECROW (SCR), regulates the expression of downstream target genes in controlling formative and proliferative cell divisions. Accumulating evidence on the regulatory role of SHR in shoots suggests that SHR may also play key roles in the above-ground organs. Interestingly, recent work has provided new evidence that SHR is also required for cell elongation in the hypocotyl of the etiolated seedling. This suggests that the novel roles of SHR and SHR-mediated regulatory networks can be found in shoots. Furthermore, comparative research on SHR function in roots and shoots will broaden and deepen our understanding of plant growth and development.
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14
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Xu H, Liu P, Wang C, Wu S, Dong C, Lin Q, Sun W, Huang B, Xu M, Tauqeer A, Wu S. Transcriptional networks regulating suberin and lignin in endodermis link development and ABA response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1165-1181. [PMID: 35781829 PMCID: PMC9516719 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tissues are surrounded by an apoplastic barrier formed by endodermis that is vital for selective absorption of water and nutrients. Lignification and suberization of endodermal cell walls are fundamental processes in establishing the apoplastic barrier. Endodermal suberization in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots is presumed to be the integration of developmental regulation and stress responses. In root endodermis, the suberization level is enhanced when the Casparian strip, the lignified structure, is defective. However, it is not entirely clear how lignification and suberization interplay and how they interact with stress signaling. Here, in Arabidopsis, we constructed a hierarchical network mediated by SHORT-ROOT (SHR), a master regulator of endodermal development, and identified 13 key MYB transcription factors (TFs) that form multiple sub-networks. Combined with functional analyses, we further uncovered MYB TFs that mediate feedback or feed-forward loops, thus balancing lignification and suberization in Arabidopsis roots. In addition, sub-networks comprising nine MYB TFs were identified that interact with abscisic acid signaling to integrate stress response and root development. Our data provide insights into the mechanisms that enhance plant adaptation to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shasha Wu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qingyun Lin
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenru Sun
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Benben Huang
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Meizhi Xu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Arfa Tauqeer
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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15
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Kim H, Jang J, Seomun S, Yoon Y, Jang G. Division of cortical cells is regulated by auxin in Arabidopsis roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:953225. [PMID: 36186058 PMCID: PMC9515965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.953225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The root cortex transports water and nutrients absorbed by the root epidermis into the vasculature and stores substances such as starch, resins, and essential oils. The cortical cells are also deeply involved in determining epidermal cell fate. In Arabidopsis thaliana roots, the cortex is composed of a single cell layer generated by a single round of periclinal division of the cortex/endodermis initials. To further explore cortex development, we traced the development of the cortex by counting cortical cells. Unlike vascular cells, whose number increased during the development of root apical meristem (RAM), the number of cortical cells did not change, indicating that cortical cells do not divide during RAM development. However, auxin-induced cortical cell division, and this finding was confirmed by treatment with the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and examining transgenic plants harboring CO2::ΔARF5, in which cortical expression of truncated AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR5 (ΔARF5) induces auxin responses. NPA-induced cortical auxin accumulation and CO2::ΔARF5-mediated cortical auxin response induced anticlinal and periclinal cell divisions, thus increasing the number of cortical cells. These findings reveal a tight link between auxin and cortical cell division, suggesting that auxin is a key player in determining root cortical cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijin Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Subhin Seomun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Youngdae Yoon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geupil Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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16
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Jaiswal V, Kakkar M, Kumari P, Zinta G, Gahlaut V, Kumar S. Multifaceted Roles of GRAS Transcription Factors in Growth and Stress Responses in Plants. iScience 2022; 25:105026. [PMID: 36117995 PMCID: PMC9474926 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Jaiswal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Mrinalini Kakkar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Priya Kumari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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17
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BIG Modulates Stem Cell Niche and Meristem Development via SCR/SHR Pathway in Arabidopsis Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126784. [PMID: 35743225 PMCID: PMC9224481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BIG, a regulator of polar auxin transport, is necessary to regulate the growth and development of Arabidopsis. Although mutations in the BIG gene cause severe root developmental defects, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that disruption of the BIG gene resulted in decreased quiescent center (QC) activity and columella cell numbers, which was accompanied by the downregulation of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5) gene expression. BIG affected auxin distribution by regulating the expression of PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs), but the root morphological defects of big mutants could not be rescued solely by increasing auxin transport. Although the loss of BIG gene function resulted in decreased expression of the PLT1 and PLT2 genes, genetic interaction assays indicate that this is not the main reason for the root morphological defects of big mutants. Furthermore, genetic interaction assays suggest that BIG affects the stem cell niche (SCN) activity through the SCRSCARECROW (SCR)/SHORT ROOT (SHR) pathway and BIG disruption reduces the expression of SCR and SHR genes. In conclusion, our findings reveal that the BIG gene maintains root meristem activity and SCN integrity mainly through the SCR/SHR pathway.
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18
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Dhar S, Kim J, Yoon EK, Jang S, Ko K, Lim J. SHORT-ROOT Controls Cell Elongation in the Etiolated Arabidopsis Hypocotyl. Mol Cells 2022; 45:243-256. [PMID: 35249891 PMCID: PMC9001151 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation, a core component of gene regulatory networks, plays a key role in controlling individual organism's growth and development. To understand how plants modulate cellular processes for growth and development, the identification and characterization of gene regulatory networks are of importance. The SHORT-ROOT (SHR) transcription factor is known for its role in cell divisions in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, whether SHR is involved in hypocotyl cell elongation remains unknown. Here, we reveal that SHR controls hypocotyl cell elongation via the transcriptional regulation of XTH18, XTH22, and XTH24, which encode cell wall remodeling enzymes called xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs). Interestingly, SHR activates transcription of the XTH genes, independently of its partner SCARECROW (SCR), which is different from the known mode of action. In addition, overexpression of the XTH genes can promote cell elongation in the etiolated hypocotyl. Moreover, confinement of SHR protein in the stele still induces cell elongation, despite the aberrant organization in the hypocotyl ground tissue. Therefore, it is likely that SHR-mediated growth is uncoupled from SHR-mediated radial patterning in the etiolated hypocotyl. Our findings also suggest that intertissue communication between stele and endodermis plays a role in coordinating hypocotyl cell elongation of the Arabidopsis seedling. Taken together, our study identifies SHR as a new crucial regulator that is necessary for cell elongation in the etiolated hypocotyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Dhar
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Present address: School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jinkwon Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Yoon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Present address: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Sejeong Jang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kangseok Ko
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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19
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Clark NM, Elmore JM, Walley JW. To the proteome and beyond: advances in single-cell omics profiling for plant systems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:726-737. [PMID: 35235661 PMCID: PMC8825333 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell proteomics for animal systems could be adapted for plants to increase our understanding of plant development, response to stimuli, and cell-to-cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Clark
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - James Mitch Elmore
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Justin W Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Author for communication:
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20
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Kümpers BMC, Han J, Vaughan-Hirsch J, Redman N, Ware A, Atkinson JA, Leftley N, Janes G, Castiglione G, Tarr PT, Pyke K, Voß U, Wells DM, Bishopp A. Dual expression and anatomy lines allow simultaneous visualization of gene expression and anatomy. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:56-69. [PMID: 34718789 PMCID: PMC8774739 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studying the developmental genetics of plant organs requires following gene expression in specific tissues. To facilitate this, we have developed dual expression anatomy lines, which incorporate a red plasma membrane marker alongside a fluorescent reporter for a gene of interest in the same vector. Here, we adapted the GreenGate cloning vectors to create two destination vectors showing strong marking of cell membranes in either the whole root or specifically in the lateral roots. This system can also be used in both embryos and whole seedlings. As proof of concept, we follow both gene expression and anatomy in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) during lateral root organogenesis for a period of over 24 h. Coupled with the development of a flow cell and perfusion system, we follow changes in activity of the DII auxin sensor following application of auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta M C Kümpers
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jingyi Han
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Nicholas Redman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Alexander Ware
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Nicola Leftley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - George Janes
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Paul T Tarr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Kevin Pyke
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ute Voß
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Darren M Wells
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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21
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Quantifying Plasmodesmatal Transport with an Improved GFP Movement Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2457:285-298. [PMID: 35349148 PMCID: PMC9875380 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2132-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD) are membrane-lined channels that cross the cell wall to connect the cytosol of adjacent plant cells, permitting diverse cytosolic molecules to move between cells. PD are essential for plant multicellularity, and the regulation of PD transport contributes to metabolism, developmental patterning, abiotic stress responses, and pathogen defenses, which has sparked broad interest in PD among diverse plant biologists. Here, we present a straightforward method to reproducibly quantify changes in the rate of PD transport in leaves. Individual cells are transformed with Agrobacterium to express fluorescent proteins, which then move beyond the transformed cell via PD. Forty-eight to 72 h later, the extent of GFP movement is monitored by confocal fluorescence microscopy. This assay is versatile and may be combined with transient gene overexpression, virus-induced gene silencing, physiological treatments, or pharmaceutical treatments to test how PD transport responds to specific conditions. We expect that this improved method for monitoring PD transport in leaves will be broadly useful for plant biologists working in diverse fields.
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22
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Maintaining the structural and functional homeostasis of the plant endoplasmic reticulum. Dev Cell 2021; 56:919-932. [PMID: 33662257 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a ubiquitous organelle that is vital to the life of eukaryotic cells. It synthesizes essential lipids and proteins and initiates the glycosylation of intracellular and surface proteins. As such, the ER is necessary for cell growth and communication with the external environment. The ER is also a highly dynamic organelle, whose structure is continuously remodeled through an interaction with the cytoskeleton and the action of specialized ER shapers. Recent and significant advances in ER studies have brought to light conserved and unique features underlying the structure and function of this organelle in plant cells. In this review, exciting developments in the understanding of the mechanisms for plant ER structural and functional homeostasis, particularly those that underpin ER network architecture and ER degradation, are presented and discussed.
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23
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Seo M, Lee JY. Dissection of Functional Modules of AT-HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED PROTEIN 4 in the Development of the Root Xylem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:632078. [PMID: 33889164 PMCID: PMC8056045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.632078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Xylem development in the Arabidopsis root apical meristem requires a complex cross talk between plant hormone signaling and transcriptional factors (TFs). The key processes involve fine-tuning between neighboring cells, mediated via the intercellular movement of signaling molecules. As an example, we previously reported that AT-HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED PROTEIN (AHL) 4 (AHL4), a member of the 29 AT-hook family TFs in Arabidopsis, moves into xylem precursors from their neighbors to determine xylem differentiation. As part of the effort to understand the molecular functions of AHL4, we performed domain swapping analyses using AHL1 as a counterpart, finding that AHL4 has three functionally distinctive protein modules. The plant and prokaryotes conserved (PPC) domain of AHL4 acts as a mediator of protein-protein interactions with AHL members. The N-terminus of AHL4 is required for the regulation of xylem development likely via its unique DNA-binding activity. The C-terminus of AHL4 confers intercellular mobility. Our characterization of modules in the AHL4 protein will augment our understanding of the complexity of regulation and the evolution of intercellular mobility in AHL4 and its relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Seo
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ji-Young Lee,
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24
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An SHR-SCR module specifies legume cortical cell fate to enable nodulation. Nature 2020; 589:586-590. [PMID: 33299183 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-3016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Legumes, unlike other plants, have the ability to establish symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. It has been theorized that a unique property of legume root cortical cells enabled the initial establishment of rhizobial symbiosis1-3. Here we show that a SHORTROOT-SCARECROW (SHR-SCR) stem cell program in cortical cells of the legume Medicago truncatula specifies their distinct fate. Regulatory elements drive the cortical expression of SCR, and stele-expressed SHR protein accumulates in cortical cells of M. truncatula but not Arabidopsis thaliana. The cortical SHR-SCR network is conserved across legume species, responds to rhizobial signals, and initiates legume-specific cortical cell division for de novo nodule organogenesis and accommodation of rhizobia. Ectopic activation of SHR and SCR in legumes is sufficient to induce root cortical cell division. Our work suggests that acquisition of the cortical SHR-SCR module enabled cell division coupled to rhizobial infection in legumes. We propose that this event was central to the evolution of rhizobial endosymbiosis.
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25
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Zhai H, Zhang X, You Y, Lin L, Zhou W, Li C. SEUSS integrates transcriptional and epigenetic control of root stem cell organizer specification. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105047. [PMID: 32926464 PMCID: PMC7560201 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of homeotic gene expression is critical for stem cell fate in both plants and animals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the WUSCHEL (WUS)-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5) gene is specifically expressed in a group of root stem cell organizer cells called the quiescent center (QC) and plays a central role in QC specification. Here, we report that the SEUSS (SEU) protein, homologous to the animal LIM-domain binding (LDB) proteins, assembles a functional transcriptional complex that regulates WOX5 expression and QC specification. SEU is physically recruited to the WOX5 promoter by the master transcription factor SCARECROW. Subsequently, SEU physically recruits the SET domain methyltransferase SDG4 to the WOX5 promoter, thus activating WOX5 expression. Thus, analogous to its animal counterparts, SEU acts as a multi-adaptor protein that integrates the actions of genetic and epigenetic regulators into a concerted transcriptional program to control root stem cell organizer specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong You
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenkun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Gundu S, Tabassum N, Blilou I. Moving with purpose and direction: transcription factor movement and cell fate determination revisited. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:124-132. [PMID: 32992134 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell diversity in a multicellular organism relies on cell-cell communication where cells must receive positional information as input signals to adopt their proper cell fate in the right place and at the right time. This process is achieved through triggering signaling cascades that drive cellular changes during development. In plants, signaling through mobile transcription factors (TF) plays a central role in development. Rather than acting cell-autonomously and exclusive to their expression domains, many TFs move between cells and deploy regulatory networks and cell type-specific effectors to achieve their biological functions. Here, we highlight a few examples of mobile TFs central to cell fate specification in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Gundu
- Laboratory of Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naheed Tabassum
- Laboratory of Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Laboratory of Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Wang X, Sager R, Lee JY. Evaluating molecular movement through plasmodesmata. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 160:99-117. [PMID: 32896335 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata are membrane-lined cytoplasmic passageways that facilitate the movement of nutrients and various types of molecules between cells in the plant. They are highly dynamic channels, opening or closing in response to physiological and developmental stimuli or environmental challenges such as biotic and abiotic stresses. Accumulating evidence supports the idea that such dynamic controls occur through integrative cellular mechanisms. Currently, a few fluorescence-based methods are available that allow monitoring changes in molecular movement through plasmodesmata. In this chapter, following a brief introduction to those methods, we provide a detailed step-by-step protocol for the Drop-ANd-See (DANS) assay, which is advantageous when it is desirable to measure plasmodesmal permeability non-invasively, in situ and in real-time. We discuss the experimental conditions one should consider to produce reliable and reproducible DANS results along with troubleshooting ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ross Sager
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Jung-Youn Lee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.
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28
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Olmo R, Cabrera J, Díaz-Manzano FE, Ruiz-Ferrer V, Barcala M, Ishida T, García A, Andrés MF, Ruiz-Lara S, Verdugo I, Pernas M, Fukaki H, Del Pozo JC, Moreno-Risueno MÁ, Kyndt T, Gheysen G, Fenoll C, Sawa S, Escobar C. Root-knot nematodes induce gall formation by recruiting developmental pathways of post-embryonic organogenesis and regeneration to promote transient pluripotency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:200-215. [PMID: 32129890 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) induce new post-embryogenic organs within the roots (galls) where they stablish and differentiate nematode feeding cells, giant cells (GCs). The developmental programmes and functional genes involved remain poorly defined. Arabidopsis root apical meristem (RAM), lateral root (LR) and callus marker lines, SHORT-ROOT/SHR, SCARECROW/SCR, SCHIZORIZA/SCZ, WUSCHEL-RELATED-HOMEOBOX-5/WOX5, AUXIN-RESPONSIVE-FACTOR-5/ARF5, ARABIDOPSIS-HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER-PROTEIN-6/AHP6, GATA-TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-23/GATA23 and S-PHASE-KINASE-ASSOCIATED-PROTEIN2B/SKP2B, were analysed for nematode-dependent expression. Their corresponding loss-of-function lines, including those for LR upstream regulators, SOLITARY ROOT/SLR/IAA14, BONDELOS/BDL/IAA12 and INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID-INDUCIBLE-28/IAA28, were tested for RKN resistance/tolerance. LR genes, for example ARF5 (key factor for root stem-cell niche regeneration), GATA23 (which specifies pluripotent founder cells) and AHP6 (cytokinin-signalling-inhibitor regulating pericycle cell-divisions orientation), show a crucial function during gall formation. RKNs do not compromise the number of founder cells or LR primordia but locally induce gall formation possibly by tuning the auxin/cytokinin balance in which AHP6 might be necessary. Key RAM marker genes were induced and functional in galls. Therefore, the activation of plant developmental programmes promoting transient-pluripotency/stemness leads to the generation of quiescent-centre and meristematic-like cell identities within the vascular cylinder of galls. Nematodes enlist developmental pathways of new organogenesis and/or root regeneration in the vascular cells of galls. This should determine meristematic cell identities with sufficient transient pluripotency for gall organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Olmo
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Javier Cabrera
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando E Díaz-Manzano
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Virginia Ruiz-Ferrer
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Marta Barcala
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Takashi Ishida
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Alejandra García
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - María Fe Andrés
- Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA, CSIC), Calle de Serrano 115, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simón Ruiz-Lara
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Isabel Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Mónica Pernas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Juan Carlos Del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moreno-Risueno
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carmen Fenoll
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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29
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Protein complex stoichiometry and expression dynamics of transcription factors modulate stem cell division. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15332-15342. [PMID: 32541020 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002166117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells divide and differentiate to form all of the specialized cell types in a multicellular organism. In the Arabidopsis root, stem cells are maintained in an undifferentiated state by a less mitotically active population of cells called the quiescent center (QC). Determining how the QC regulates the surrounding stem cell initials, or what makes the QC fundamentally different from the actively dividing initials, is important for understanding how stem cell divisions are maintained. Here we gained insight into the differences between the QC and the cortex endodermis initials (CEI) by studying the mobile transcription factor SHORTROOT (SHR) and its binding partner SCARECROW (SCR). We constructed an ordinary differential equation model of SHR and SCR in the QC and CEI which incorporated the stoichiometry of the SHR-SCR complex as well as upstream transcriptional regulation of SHR and SCR. Our model prediction, coupled with experimental validation, showed that high levels of the SHR-SCR complex are associated with more CEI division but less QC division. Furthermore, our model prediction allowed us to propose the putative upstream SHR regulators SEUSS and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 and to experimentally validate their roles in QC and CEI division. In addition, our model established the timing of QC and CEI division and suggests that SHR repression of QC division depends on formation of the SHR homodimer. Thus, our results support that SHR-SCR protein complex stoichiometry and regulation of SHR transcription modulate the division timing of two different specialized cell types in the root stem cell niche.
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30
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Fuchs M, Lohmann JU. Aiming for the top: non-cell autonomous control of shoot stem cells in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:297-309. [PMID: 32146616 PMCID: PMC7214502 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, not all cells are created equal. Instead, organismal complexity is achieved by specialisation and division of labour between distinct cell types. Therefore, the organism depends on the presence, correct proportion and function of all cell types. It follows that early development is geared towards setting up the basic body plan and to specify cell lineages. Since plants employ a post-embryonic mode of development, the continuous growth and addition of new organs require a source of new cells, as well as a strict regulation of cellular composition throughout the entire life-cycle. To meet these demands, evolution has brought about complex regulatory systems to maintain and control continuously active stem cell systems. Here, we review recent work on the mechanisms of non cell-autonomous control of shoot stem cells in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana with a strong focus on the cell-to-cell mobility and function of the WUSCHEL homeodomain transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fuchs
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Yan Y, Ham BK, Chong YH, Yeh SD, Lucas WJ. A Plant SMALL RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 Family Mediates Cell-to-Cell Trafficking of RNAi Signals. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:321-335. [PMID: 31812689 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In plants, RNA interference (RNAi) plays a pivotal role in growth and development, and responses to environmental inputs, including pathogen attack. The intercellular and systemic trafficking of small interfering RNA (siRNA)/microRNA (miRNA) is a central component in this regulatory pathway. Currently, little is known with regards to the molecular agents involved in the movement of these si/miRNAs. To address this situation, we employed a biochemical approach to identify and characterize a conserved SMALL RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (SRBP1) family that mediates non-cell-autonomous small RNA (sRNA) trafficking. In Arabidopsis, AtSRBP1 is a glycine-rich (GR) RNA-binding protein, also known as AtGRP7, which we show binds single-stranded siRNA. A viral vector, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), was employed to functionally characterized the AtSRBP1-4 (AtGRP7/2/4/8) RNA recognition motif and GR domains. Cellular-based studies revealed the GR domain as being necessary and sufficient for SRBP1 cell-to-cell movement. Taken together, our findings provide a foundation for future research into the mechanism and function of mobile sRNA signaling agents in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Byung-Kook Ham
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yee Hang Chong
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung
| | - William J Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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32
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Campos R, Goff J, Rodriguez-Furlan C, Van Norman JM. The Arabidopsis Receptor Kinase IRK Is Polarized and Represses Specific Cell Divisions in Roots. Dev Cell 2020; 52:183-195.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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33
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Abstract
The coordination of cell fate decisions within complex multicellular structures rests on intercellular communication. To generate ordered patterns, cells need to know their relative positions within the growing structure. This is commonly achieved via the production and perception of mobile signaling molecules. In animal systems, such positional signals often act as morphogens and subdivide a field of cells into domains of discrete cell identities using a threshold-based readout of their mobility gradient. Reflecting the independent origin of multicellularity, plants evolved distinct signaling mechanisms to drive cell fate decisions. Many of the basic principles underlying developmental patterning are, however, shared between animals and plants, including the use of signaling gradients to provide positional information. In plant development, small RNAs can act as mobile instructive signals, and similar to classical morphogens in animals, employ a threshold-based readout of their mobility gradient to generate precisely defined cell fate boundaries. Given the distinctive nature of peptide morphogens and small RNAs, how might mechanisms underlying the function of traditionally morphogens be adapted to create morphogen-like behavior using small RNAs? In this review, we highlight the contributions of mobile small RNAs to pattern formation in plants and summarize recent studies that have advanced our understanding regarding the formation, stability, and interpretation of small RNA gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Klesen
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristine Hill
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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34
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Clark NM, Buckner E, Fisher AP, Nelson EC, Nguyen TT, Simmons AR, de Luis Balaguer MA, Butler-Smith T, Sheldon PJ, Bergmann DC, Williams CM, Sozzani R. Stem-cell-ubiquitous genes spatiotemporally coordinate division through regulation of stem-cell-specific gene networks. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 31811116 DOI: 10.1101/517250v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are responsible for generating all of the differentiated cells, tissues, and organs in a multicellular organism and, thus, play a crucial role in cell renewal, regeneration, and organization. A number of stem cell type-specific genes have a known role in stem cell maintenance, identity, and/or division. Yet, how genes expressed across different stem cell types, referred to here as stem-cell-ubiquitous genes, contribute to stem cell regulation is less understood. Here, we find that, in the Arabidopsis root, a stem-cell-ubiquitous gene, TESMIN-LIKE CXC2 (TCX2), controls stem cell division by regulating stem cell-type specific networks. Development of a mathematical model of TCX2 expression allows us to show that TCX2 orchestrates the coordinated division of different stem cell types. Our results highlight that genes expressed across different stem cell types ensure cross-communication among cells, allowing them to divide and develop harmonically together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Clark
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
- Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Eli Buckner
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
| | - Adam P Fisher
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
| | - Emily C Nelson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
| | - Thomas T Nguyen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
| | - Abigail R Simmons
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Maria A de Luis Balaguer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
| | - Tiara Butler-Smith
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
| | - Parnell J Sheldon
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
- Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH, 43023, United States
| | - Dominique C Bergmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Cranos M Williams
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
| | - Rossangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States.
- Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States.
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35
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Clark NM, Buckner E, Fisher AP, Nelson EC, Nguyen TT, Simmons AR, de Luis Balaguer MA, Butler-Smith T, Sheldon PJ, Bergmann DC, Williams CM, Sozzani R. Stem-cell-ubiquitous genes spatiotemporally coordinate division through regulation of stem-cell-specific gene networks. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5574. [PMID: 31811116 PMCID: PMC6897965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are responsible for generating all of the differentiated cells, tissues, and organs in a multicellular organism and, thus, play a crucial role in cell renewal, regeneration, and organization. A number of stem cell type-specific genes have a known role in stem cell maintenance, identity, and/or division. Yet, how genes expressed across different stem cell types, referred to here as stem-cell-ubiquitous genes, contribute to stem cell regulation is less understood. Here, we find that, in the Arabidopsis root, a stem-cell-ubiquitous gene, TESMIN-LIKE CXC2 (TCX2), controls stem cell division by regulating stem cell-type specific networks. Development of a mathematical model of TCX2 expression allows us to show that TCX2 orchestrates the coordinated division of different stem cell types. Our results highlight that genes expressed across different stem cell types ensure cross-communication among cells, allowing them to divide and develop harmonically together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Clark
- 0000 0001 2173 6074grid.40803.3fDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 United States ,0000 0001 2173 6074grid.40803.3fBiomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 United States ,0000 0004 1936 7312grid.34421.30Present Address: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 United States
| | - Eli Buckner
- 0000 0001 2173 6074grid.40803.3fDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 United States
| | - Adam P. Fisher
- 0000 0001 2173 6074grid.40803.3fDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 United States
| | - Emily C. Nelson
- 0000 0001 2173 6074grid.40803.3fDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 United States
| | - Thomas T. Nguyen
- 0000 0001 2173 6074grid.40803.3fDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 United States
| | - Abigail R. Simmons
- 0000000419368956grid.168010.eDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 United States
| | - Maria A. de Luis Balaguer
- 0000 0001 2173 6074grid.40803.3fDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 United States
| | - Tiara Butler-Smith
- 0000 0001 2173 6074grid.40803.3fDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 United States
| | - Parnell J. Sheldon
- 0000 0001 2173 6074grid.40803.3fDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 United States ,0000 0001 2185 2366grid.255014.7Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023 United States
| | - Dominique C. Bergmann
- 0000000419368956grid.168010.eDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 United States ,0000000419368956grid.168010.eHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 United States
| | - Cranos M. Williams
- 0000 0001 2173 6074grid.40803.3fDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 United States
| | - Rossangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States. .,Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States.
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36
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Spiegelman Z, Wu S, Gallagher KL. A role for the endoplasmic reticulum in the cell-to-cell movement of SHORT-ROOT. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1455-1459. [PMID: 31123903 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata enable the trafficking of various signaling molecules, as well as viruses that exploit these channels for their intercellular movement. Viral movement relies on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which serves as a stable platform for the assembly of viral replication complexes and their subsequent shuttling toward plasmodesmata. The role of the ER in the intercellular movement of endogenous proteins is less clear. In the root meristem, the mobile transcription factor SHORT-ROOT (SHR) traffics between cell layers to regulate root radial patterning and differentiation. Movement of SHR is a regulated process that requires several cellular factors including the endomembrane system, intact microtubules and an endosome-associated protein named SHR-interacting-embryonic-lethal (SIEL). Recently, we found that KINESIN G (KinG) interacts with both SIEL and microtubules to support the cell-to-cell movement of SHR. Here, we provide evidence that both SHR-associated endosomes and KinG localize to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and that movement of SHR-associated endosomes occurs on the ER. Moreover, we show that compromised ER structure leads to a reduction in the cell-to-cell movement of SHR. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that the ER plays a role in SHR movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Spiegelman
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Kimberly L Gallagher
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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37
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Kong X, Tian H, Yu Q, Zhang F, Wang R, Gao S, Xu W, Liu J, Shani E, Fu C, Zhou G, Zhang L, Zhang X, Ding Z. PHB3 Maintains Root Stem Cell Niche Identity through ROS-Responsive AP2/ERF Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1350-1363. [PMID: 29386120 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The root stem cell niche, which is composed of four mitotically inactive quiescent center (QC) cells and the surrounding actively divided stem cells in Arabidopsis, is critical for growth and root development. Here, we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis prohibitin protein PHB3 is required for the maintenance of root stem cell niche identity by both inhibiting proliferative processes in the QC and stimulating cell division in the proximal meristem (PM). PHB3 coordinates cell division and differentiation in the root apical meristem by restricting the spatial expression of ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factors 115, 114, and 109. ERF115, ERF114, and ERF109 mediate ROS signaling, in a PLT-independent manner, to control root stem cell niche maintenance and root growth through phytosulfokine (PSK) peptide hormones in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpei Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 Shandong, China
| | - Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000 Shandong, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 Shandong, China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Nursing, Xi'an Siyuan University, Xi'an, 710038 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200 Shandong, China
| | - Wenhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 Shandong, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 Shandong, China
| | - Eilon Shani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong, China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong, China
| | - Liangran Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 Shandong, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 Shandong, China.
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Iida H, Yoshida A, Takada S. ATML1 activity is restricted to the outermost cells of the embryo through post-transcriptional repressions. Development 2019; 146:dev.169300. [PMID: 30760483 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate determination in plants relies on positional cues. To investigate the position-dependent gene regulation in plants, we focused on shoot epidermal cell specification, which occurs only in the outermost cells. ATML1, which encodes an HD-ZIP class IV transcription factor, is a positive regulator of shoot epidermal cell identity. Despite the presence of a weak ATML1 promoter activity in the inner cells, ATML1 protein was detected mostly in the outermost cells, which suggests that ATML1 accumulation is inhibited in the inner cells. ATML1 nuclear localization was reduced in the epidermis and there was a positive, albeit weak, correlation between the amount of ATML1 in the nuclei and the expression of a direct target of ATML1. Nuclear accumulation of ATML1 was more strongly inhibited in the inner cells than in the outermost cells. Domain deletion analyses revealed that the ZLZ-coding sequence was necessary and partially sufficient for the post-transcriptional repression of ATML1 Our results suggest that post-transcriptional repressions contribute to the restriction of master transcriptional regulator activity in specific cells to enable position-dependent cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Iida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yoshida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Kim G, Jang S, Yoon EK, Lee SA, Dhar S, Kim J, Lee MM, Lim J. Involvement of Pyridoxine/Pyridoxamine 5'-Phosphate Oxidase (PDX3) in Ethylene-Induced Auxin Biosynthesis in the Arabidopsis Root. Mol Cells 2018; 41:1033-1044. [PMID: 30453730 PMCID: PMC6315319 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have evolved to adjust their growth and development to environmental changes. It has been well documented that the crosstalk between different plant hormones plays important roles in the coordination of growth and development of the plant. Here, we describe a novel recessive mutant, mildly insensitive to ethylene (mine), which displayed insensitivity to the ethylene precursor, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), in the root under the dark-grown conditions. By contrast, mine roots exhibited a normal growth response to exogenous IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). Thus, it appears that the growth responses of mine to ACC and IAA resemble those of weak ethylene insensitive (wei) mutants. To understand the molecular events underlying the crosstalk between ethylene and auxin in the root, we identified the MINE locus and found that the MINE gene encodes the pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP)/pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) oxidase, PDX3. Our results revealed that MINE/PDX3 likely plays a role in the conversion of the auxin precursor tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvic acid in the auxin biosynthesis pathway, in which TAA1 (TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS 1) and its related genes (TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED 1 and 2; TAR1 and TAR2) are involved. Considering that TAA1 and TARs belong to a subgroup of PLP (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate)-dependent enzymes, we propose that PLP produced by MINE/PDX3 acts as a cofactor in TAA1/TAR-dependent auxin biosynthesis induced by ethylene, which in turn influences the crosstalk between ethylene and auxin in the Arabidopsis root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuree Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sejeong Jang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Yoon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul,
Korea
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore,
Singapore
| | - Shin Ae Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju,
Korea
| | - Souvik Dhar
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jinkwon Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Myeong Min Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul,
Korea
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40
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PYL8 mediates ABA perception in the root through non-cell-autonomous and ligand-stabilization-based mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11857-E11863. [PMID: 30482863 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815410115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role regulating root growth, root system architecture, and root adaptive responses, such as hydrotropism. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the action of core ABA signaling components in roots are not fully understood. ABA is perceived through receptors from the PYR/PYL/RCAR family and PP2C coreceptors. PYL8/RCAR3 plays a nonredundant role in regulating primary and lateral root growth. Here we demonstrate that ABA specifically stabilizes PYL8 compared with other ABA receptors and induces accumulation of PYL8 in root nuclei. This requires ABA perception by PYL8 and leads to diminished ubiquitination of PYL8 in roots. The ABA agonist quinabactin, which promotes root ABA signaling through dimeric receptors, fails to stabilize the monomeric receptor PYL8. Moreover, a PYL8 mutant unable to bind ABA and inhibit PP2C is not stabilized by the ligand, whereas a PYL85KR mutant is more stable than PYL8 at endogenous ABA concentrations. The PYL8 transcript was detected in the epidermis and stele of the root meristem; however, the PYL8 protein was also detected in adjacent tissues. Expression of PYL8 driven by tissue-specific promoters revealed movement to adjacent tissues. Hence both inter- and intracellular trafficking of PYL8 appears to occur in the root apical meristem. Our findings reveal a non-cell-autonomous mechanism for hormone receptors and help explain the nonredundant role of PYL8-mediated root ABA signaling.
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41
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Lai YS, Stefano G, Zemelis-Durfee S, Ruberti C, Gibbons L, Brandizzi F. Systemic signaling contributes to the unfolded protein response of the plant endoplasmic reticulum. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3918. [PMID: 30254194 PMCID: PMC6156401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum constitutes a conserved and essential cytoprotective pathway designed to survive biotic and abiotic stresses that alter the proteostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum. The UPR is typically considered cell-autonomous and it is yet unclear whether it can also act systemically through non-cell autonomous signaling. We have addressed this question using a genetic approach coupled with micro-grafting and a suite of molecular reporters in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the UPR has a non-cell autonomous component, and we demonstrate that this is partially mediated by the intercellular movement of the UPR transcription factor bZIP60 facilitating systemic UPR signaling. Therefore, in multicellular eukaryotes such as plants, non-cell autonomous UPR signaling relies on the systemic movement of at least a UPR transcriptional modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shiuan Lai
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Giovanni Stefano
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Starla Zemelis-Durfee
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Cristina Ruberti
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lizzie Gibbons
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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42
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Pierre-Jerome E, Drapek C, Benfey PN. Regulation of Division and Differentiation of Plant Stem Cells. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018; 34:289-310. [PMID: 30134119 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in developmental biology is unraveling the precise regulation of plant stem cell maintenance and the transition to a fully differentiated cell. In this review, we highlight major themes coordinating the acquisition of cell identity and subsequent differentiation in plants. Plant cells are immobile and establish position-dependent cell lineages that rely heavily on external cues. Central players are the hormones auxin and cytokinin, which balance cell division and differentiation during organogenesis. Transcription factors and miRNAs, many of which are mobile in plants, establish gene regulatory networks that communicate cell position and fate. Small peptide signaling also provides positional cues as new cell types emerge from stem cell division and progress through differentiation. These pathways recruit similar players for patterning different organs, emphasizing the modular nature of gene regulatory networks. Finally, we speculate on the outstanding questions in the field and discuss how they may be addressed by emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Pierre-Jerome
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
| | - Colleen Drapek
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
| | - Philip N Benfey
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
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Ma J, Liu Y, Zhou W, Zhu Y, Dong A, Shen WH. Histone chaperones play crucial roles in maintenance of stem cell niche during plant root development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:86-100. [PMID: 29676825 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells in both plant and animal kingdoms reside in a specialized cellular context called the stem cell niche (SCN). SCN integrity is crucial for organism development. Here we show that the H3/H4 histone chaperone CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY FACTOR-1 (CAF-1) and the H2A/H2B histone chaperone NAP1-RELATED PROTEIN1/2 (NRP1/2) play synergistic roles in Arabidopsis root SCN maintenance. Compared with either the m56-1 double mutant deprived of NRP1 and NRP2 or the fas2-4 mutant deprived of CAF-1, the combined m56-1fas2-4 triple mutant displayed a much more severe short-root phenotype. The m56-1fas2-4 mutant root lost the normal organizing center Quiescent Center (QC), and some initial stem cells differentiated precociously. Microarray analysis unraveled the deregulation of 2735 genes within the Arabidopsis genome (representing >8% of all genes) in the m56-1fas2-4 mutant roots. Expression of some SCN key regulatory genes (e.g. WOX5, PLT1, SHR) was not limiting, rather the plant hormone auxin gradient maximum at QC was impaired. The mutant roots showed programmed cell death and high levels of the DNA damage marked histone H2A.X phosphorylation (γ-H2A.X). Knockout of either ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) or ATR, encoding a DNA damage response kinase, rescued in part the cell death and the short-root phenotype of the m56-1fas2-4 mutant. Collectively, our study indicated that NRP1/2 and CAF-1 act cooperatively in regulating proper genome transcription, in sustaining chromatin replication and in maintaining genome integrity, which are crucial for proper SCN function during continuous post-embryonic root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wangbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Aiwu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wen-Hui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
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44
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Gerlitz N, Gerum R, Sauer N, Stadler R. Photoinducible DRONPA-s: a new tool for investigating cell-cell connectivity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:751-766. [PMID: 29654648 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of multicellular plants relies on the ability of their cells to exchange solutes, proteins and signalling compounds through plasmodesmata, symplasmic pores in the plant cell wall. The aperture of plasmodesmata is regulated in response to developmental cues or external factors such as pathogen attack. This regulation enables tight control of symplasmic cell-to-cell transport. Here we report on an elegant non-invasive method to quantify the passive movement of protein between selected cells even in deeper tissue layers. The system is based on the fluorescent protein DRONPA-s, which can be switched on and off repeatedly by illumination with different light qualities. Using transgenic 35S::DRONPA-s Arabidopsis thaliana and a confocal microscope it was possible to activate DRONPA-s fluorescence in selected cells of the root meristem. This enabled us to compare movement of DRONPA-s from the activated cells into the respective neighbouring cells. Our analyses showed that pericycle cells display the highest efflux capacity with a good lateral connectivity. In contrast, root cap cells showed the lowest efflux of DRONPA-s. Plasmodesmata of quiescent centre cells mediated a stronger efflux into columella cells than into stele initials. To simplify measurements of fluorescence intensity in a complex tissue we developed software that allows simultaneous analyses of fluorescence intensities of several neighbouring cells. Our DRONPA-s system generates reproducible data and is a valuable tool for studying symplasmic connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Gerlitz
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Erlangen, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Richard Gerum
- Biophysics, University of Erlangen, Henkestrasse 91, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
| | - Norbert Sauer
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Erlangen, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Ruth Stadler
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Erlangen, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
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45
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Abstract
Stem cell specification in multicellular organisms relies on the precise spatiotemporal control of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent gene transcription, in which the evolutionarily conserved Mediator coactivator complex plays an essential role. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SHORTROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) orchestrate a transcriptional program that determines the fate and asymmetrical divisions of stem cells generating the root ground tissue. The mechanism by which SHR/SCR relays context-specific regulatory signals to the Pol II general transcription machinery is unknown. Here, we report the role of Mediator in controlling the spatiotemporal transcriptional output of SHR/SCR during asymmetrical division of stem cells and ground tissue patterning. The Mediator subunit MED31 interacted with SCR but not SHR. Reduction of MED31 disrupted the spatiotemporal activation of CYCLIND6;1 (CYCD6;1), leading to defective asymmetrical division of stem cells generating ground tissue. MED31 was recruited to the promoter of CYCD6;1 in an SCR-dependent manner. MED31 was involved in the formation of a dynamic MED31/SCR/SHR ternary complex through the interface protein SCR. We demonstrate that the relative protein abundance of MED31 and SHR in different cell types regulates the dynamic formation of the ternary complex, which provides a tunable switch to strictly control the spatiotemporal transcriptional output. This study provides valuable clues to understand the mechanism by which master transcriptional regulators control organ patterning.
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46
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Liang D. A Salutary Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Intercellular Tunnel-Mediated Communication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29503816 PMCID: PMC5821100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species, generally labeled toxic due to high reactivity without target specificity, are gradually uncovered as signaling molecules involved in a myriad of biological processes. But one important feature of ROS roles in macromolecule movement has not caught attention until recent studies with technique advance and design elegance have shed lights on ROS signaling for intercellular and interorganelle communication. This review begins with the discussions of genetic and chemical studies on the regulation of symplastic dye movement through intercellular tunnels in plants (plasmodesmata), and focuses on the ROS regulatory mechanisms concerning macromolecule movement including small RNA-mediated gene silencing movement and protein shuttling between cells. Given the premise that intercellular tunnels (bridges) in mammalian cells are the key physical structures to sustain intercellular communication, movement of macromolecules and signals is efficiently facilitated by ROS-induced membrane protrusions formation, which is analogously applied to the interorganelle communication in plant cells. Although ROS regulatory differences between plant and mammalian cells exist, the basis for ROS-triggered conduit formation underlies a unifying conservative theme in multicellular organisms. These mechanisms may represent the evolutionary advances that have enabled multicellularity to gain the ability to generate and utilize ROS to govern material exchanges between individual cells in oxygenated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Liang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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47
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Lu KJ, De Rybel B, van Mourik H, Weijers D. Regulation of intercellular TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 7 protein transport in the Arabidopsis root. Development 2018; 145:dev.152892. [PMID: 29358212 DOI: 10.1242/dev.152892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication coordinates hypophysis establishment in the Arabidopsis embryo. Previously, TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 7 (TMO7) was reported to be transported to the hypophysis, the founder cell of the root cap, and RNA suppression experiments implicated its function in embryonic root development. However, the protein properties and mechanisms mediating TMO7 protein transport, and the role the movement plays in development remained unclear. Here, we report that in the post-embryonic root, TMO7 and its close relatives are transported into the root cap through plasmodesmata in a sequence-dependent manner. We also show that nuclear residence is crucial for TMO7 transport, and postulate that modification, potentially phosphorylation, labels TMO7 for transport. Additionally, three novel CRISPR/Cas9-induced tmo7 alleles confirmed a role in hypophysis division, but suggest complex redundancies with close relatives in root formation. Finally, we demonstrate that TMO7 transport is biologically meaningful, as local expression partially restores hypophysis division in a plasmodesmal protein transport mutant. Our study identifies motifs and amino acids that are pivotal for TMO7 protein transport, and establishes the importance of TMO7 in hypophysis and root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ju Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilda van Mourik
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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48
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Pernisova M, Grochova M, Konecny T, Plackova L, Harustiakova D, Kakimoto T, Heisler MG, Novak O, Hejatko J. Cytokinin signalling regulates organ identity via AHK4 receptor in Arabidopsis. Development 2018; 145:dev.163907. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.163907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mutual interactions of the phytohormones cytokinins and auxin determine root or shoot identity during postembryonic de novo organogenesis in plants. However, our understanding to the role of hormonal metabolism and perception during early stages of cell fate reprograming is still elusive.
In the hypocotyl explant assay, auxin activated root formation while cytokinins mediated early loss of the root identity, primordia disorganization and initiation of shoot development. Exogenous but also endogenous cytokinins influenced the initiation of newly formed organs as well as the pace of organ developmental sequence. The process of de novo shoot apical meristem establishment was accompanied by accumulation of endogenous cytokinins, differential regulation of genes for individual cytokinin receptors, strong activation of AHK4-mediated signalling and induction of shoot-specific homeodomain regulator WUSCHEL. The latter associated with upregulation of isopentenyladenine-type cytokinins, revealing higher shoot-forming potential when compared with trans-zeatin. Moreover, AHK4-controlled cytokinin signalling negatively regulated root stem cell organizer WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 in the root quiescent centre. We propose an important role of endogenous cytokinin biosynthesis and AHK4-mediated cytokinin signalling in the control of de novo induced organ identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Pernisova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Grochova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Konecny
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plackova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, CRH, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danka Harustiakova
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tatsuo Kakimoto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, CRH, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hejatko
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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49
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Gao YQ, Chen JG, Chen ZR, An D, Lv QY, Han ML, Wang YL, Salt DE, Chao DY. A new vesicle trafficking regulator CTL1 plays a crucial role in ion homeostasis. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2002978. [PMID: 29284002 PMCID: PMC5746208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion homeostasis is essential for plant growth and environmental adaptation, and maintaining ion homeostasis requires the precise regulation of various ion transporters, as well as correct root patterning. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely elusive. Here, we reported that a choline transporter gene, CTL1, controls ionome homeostasis by regulating the secretory trafficking of proteins required for plasmodesmata (PD) development, as well as the transport of some ion transporters. Map-based cloning studies revealed that CTL1 mutations alter the ion profile of Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the phenotypes associated with these mutations are caused by a combination of PD defects and ion transporter misregulation. We also established that CTL1 is involved in regulating vesicle trafficking and is thus required for the trafficking of proteins essential for ion transport and PD development. Characterizing choline transporter-like 1 (CTL1) as a new regulator of protein sorting may enable researchers to understand not only ion homeostasis in plants but also vesicle trafficking in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Geng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Ru Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong An
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - David E. Salt
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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A Common Pathway of Root Growth Control and Response to CLE Peptides Through Two Receptor Kinases in Arabidopsis. Genetics 2017; 208:687-704. [PMID: 29187505 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is essential for plants to integrate developmental programs with external cues that affect their growth. Recent advances in plant signaling have uncovered similar molecular mechanisms in shoot, root, and vascular meristem signaling that involve receptor-like kinases and small, secreted peptides. Here, we report that the receptor-like kinases TOAD2/RPK2 and RPK1 regulate root growth by controlling cell proliferation and affecting meristem size. Two types of developmental alterations were observed upon exogenous CLE peptide application. The first type was detected in all plants treated, and comprise increased proliferative activity of cells in the stem cell niche and a delay of progression in differentiation of daughter cells. The second type was changes specific to the genotypes that are sensitive to CLE-driven root meristem inhibition and include a large decrease in the occurrence of cell divisions in longitudinal files, correlating with shorter meristems and cessation of root growth. The root meristems of toad2/rpk2 mutant plants are insensitive to the inhibitory effect of CLE17 peptide treatment, consistent with TOAD2/RPK2 function as a receptor for CLE peptides. In addition, a strong reduction in the expression of RPK1 protein upon CLE treatment, dependent on TOAD2/RPK2, suggests that these two RLKs mediate CLE signaling in a common pathway to control root growth.
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