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Paul SE, Baranger DAA, Johnson EC, Jackson JJ, Gorelik AJ, Miller AP, Hatoum AS, Thompson WK, Strube M, Dick DM, Kamarajan C, Kramer JR, Plawecki MH, Chan G, Anokhin AP, Chorlian DB, Kinreich S, Meyers JL, Porjesz B, Edenberg HJ, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Bogdan R. Alcohol milestones and internalizing, externalizing, and executive function: longitudinal and polygenic score associations. Psychol Med 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38721768 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172400076x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the link between alcohol involvement and behavioral phenotypes (e.g. impulsivity, negative affect, executive function [EF]) is well-established, the directionality of these associations, specificity to stages of alcohol involvement, and extent of shared genetic liability remain unclear. We estimate longitudinal associations between transitions among alcohol milestones, behavioral phenotypes, and indices of genetic risk. METHODS Data came from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (n = 3681; ages 11-36). Alcohol transitions (first: drink, intoxication, alcohol use disorder [AUD] symptom, AUD diagnosis), internalizing, and externalizing phenotypes came from the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. EF was measured with the Tower of London and Visual Span Tasks. Polygenic scores (PGS) were computed for alcohol-related and behavioral phenotypes. Cox models estimated associations among PGS, behavior, and alcohol milestones. RESULTS Externalizing phenotypes (e.g. conduct disorder symptoms) were associated with future initiation and drinking problems (hazard ratio (HR)⩾1.16). Internalizing (e.g. social anxiety) was associated with hazards for progression from first drink to severe AUD (HR⩾1.55). Initiation and AUD were associated with increased hazards for later depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation (HR⩾1.38), and initiation was associated with increased hazards for future conduct symptoms (HR = 1.60). EF was not associated with alcohol transitions. Drinks per week PGS was linked with increased hazards for alcohol transitions (HR⩾1.06). Problematic alcohol use PGS increased hazards for suicidal ideation (HR = 1.20). CONCLUSIONS Behavioral markers of addiction vulnerability precede and follow alcohol transitions, highlighting dynamic, bidirectional relationships between behavior and emerging addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Paul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A A Baranger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua J Jackson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron J Gorelik
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex P Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics (PNG) Center, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Michael Strube
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Samek DR, Crumly B, Akua BA, Dawson M, Duke-Marks A. Microaggressions, perceptions of campus climate, mental health, and alcohol use among first-year college students of color. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:96-113. [PMID: 37984497 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Depressive and anxiety symptoms are increasingly common, and problematic alcohol use remains prevalent in college. To expand on prior research on mostly white samples, we surveyed first-year students of color from our predominately white university (Southeastern US) to identify risk factors for mental health symptoms and potentially co-occurring problematic alcohol use. Results showed significant associations between microaggressions and poor campus climate (hypothetical predictors) with depressive, anxiety, somatic symptoms (hypothetical outcomes) that were indirectly linked through perceived stress, poor sleep, and academic burnout (hypothetical mediators). Poor campus climate, academic burnout, and using alcohol to cope were the most relevant to alcohol use disorder symptoms. Results support efforts to address and reduce racial microaggressions and promote a positive campus climate for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Samek
- Auburn University, Human Development and Family Science, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Brianna Crumly
- Auburn University, Human Development and Family Science, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Bruno Ache Akua
- Auburn University, Human Development and Family Science, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Mary Dawson
- Auburn University, Human Development and Family Science, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Adrienne Duke-Marks
- Auburn University, Human Development and Family Science, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Loreto BBL, Sordi AO, de Castro MN, Ornell F, Guarnieri EP, Roza TH, Schuch JB, Cima MDS, Pechansky F, Grevet EH, Grassi-Oliveira R, von Diemen L, Kessler FHP. Proposing an integrative, dynamic and transdiagnostic model for addictions: dysregulation phenomena of the three main modes of the predostatic mind. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1298002. [PMID: 38274436 PMCID: PMC10808830 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1298002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Several theories have been proposed to explain the complex diagnostic aspects related to addiction disorders and their development. Recent frameworks tend to focus on dimensional perspectives of symptoms rather than categorical systems, since substance use disorders are frequently comorbid with other psychiatric and especially personality disorders. However, useful transdiagnostic models that could integrate clinical evaluation derived from neuroscientific theories are lacking. In the present manuscript, the authors propose a model based on a new paradigm, in an attempt to better explain this complex, multifaceted phenomenon. The new paradigm presupposes that emotions and behavior are a response to risk prediction. Individuals make choices and engage in actions to manage potential risks/rewards in order to seek or maintain homeostasis in their internal and external environments - a mechanism that the authors call predostatic (predictive mechanism with homeostatic purpose). The model considers three main modes of the predostatic mind: (1) Alarm Mode, activated by high and/or imminent risk prediction; (2) Seek Mode, activated by long-term risk or reward prediction; and (3) Balance Mode, a self-regulating state of mind related to low risk prediction, a soothing system and a calm state. Addiction is seen as a chronic dysregulation of organism systems leading to internalizing or externalizing phenomena mainly related to the Seek and Alarm Modes, which are persistently activated by reward and risk prediction, respectively, thus hindering Balance. Addiction neuroscience research has shown that chronic drug use or engagement in addictive behaviors can lead to neuroadaptations in the brain reward circuitry, disrupting normal balance and the regulation of reward processes. This dysregulation can contribute to persistent drug-seeking/addictive behaviors despite negative consequences. This newly proposed dynamic and integrative model, named dysregulation based on externalizing and internalizing phenomena of the three main modes of the predostatic mind (DREXI3), proposes six dysregulation dimensions with basic emotional and behavioral symptoms, such as neurophysiological alterations, impulsivity, compulsion, cognitive impairment/psychosis, mood, and anxiety/anger. In this paper, the authors explain the rationale behind DREXI3 and present some hypothetical clinical examples to better illustrate the use of the model in clinical practice. The development of this innovative model could possibly guide tailored treatment interventions in the addiction field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Bolten Lucion Loreto
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anne Orgler Sordi
- Addiction and Forensic Psychiatry Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Melina Nogueira de Castro
- Addiction and Forensic Psychiatry Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ornell
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pegoraro Guarnieri
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Bohrer Schuch
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcos da Silveira Cima
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flavio Pechansky
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eugênio Horácio Grevet
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisia von Diemen
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felix Henrique Paim Kessler
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Powell TW, Offiong A, Lewis Q, Prioleau M, Smith B, Johnson RM. "I've smoked weed with my daughter": Cannabis Use within Families Affected by Parental Opioid Misuse. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2023; 155:107235. [PMID: 37982095 PMCID: PMC10655551 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Youth with parents who use opioids are more likely to engage in early substance use, especially cannabis use. The purpose of this study was to describe the context of cannabis use among families affected by parental opioid misuse. We conducted 25 in-depth interviews with families affected by parental opioid misuse. Participants were parents with a history of opioid misuse and young adults (ages 18-24) who had parents with a history of opioid misuse. Interviews were digitally recorded and professionally transcribed. Data were analyzed inductively using a qualitative content analytic approach. Familial cannabis use was common among young people and their parents. Participants described familial cannabis use as a bonding activity that felt safe and lightened the mood. Additional research is needed to understand the complex role that cannabis use may play in families affected by opioid misuse. Strategies for intergenerational substance use prevention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrinieka W. Powell
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Asari Offiong
- Child Trends, 12300 Twinbrook Pkwy suite 235, Rockville, MD 20852, United States
| | - Quiana Lewis
- Child Trends, 12300 Twinbrook Pkwy suite 235, Rockville, MD 20852, United States
| | - Morgan Prioleau
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Bianca Smith
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Renee M. Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Laroque FM, Boers E, Afzali MH, Conrod PJ. Personality-specific pathways from bullying victimization to adolescent alcohol use: a multilevel longitudinal moderated mediation analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1454-1467. [PMID: 35129105 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bullying victimization is common in adolescence and has been associated with a broad variety of psychopathology and alcohol use. The present study assessed time-varying associations between bullying victimization and alcohol use through internalizing and externalizing symptoms and whether this indirect association throughout time is moderated by personality. This 5-year longitudinal study (3,800 grade 7 adolescents) used Bayesian multilevel moderated mediation models: independent variable was bullying victimization; moderators were four personality dimensions (anxiety sensitivity, hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation seeking); internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depressive symptoms) and externalizing symptoms (conduct, hyperactivity problems) were the mediators; and alcohol use, the outcome. Results indicated significant between, within, and lagged effects on alcohol use through internalizing and externalizing symptoms. There were significant between and within effects on alcohol use through internalizing symptoms for adolescents with high anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness, and significant between, within, and lagged effects on alcohol use through externalizing symptoms for adolescents with high impulsivity and sensation seeking. These findings implicate two risk pathways that account for how bullying victimization enhances alcohol use risk and emphasize the importance of personality profiles that can shape the immediate and long-term consequences of victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie M Laroque
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, and CHU Ste Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elroy Boers
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, and CHU Ste Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad H Afzali
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, and CHU Ste Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, and CHU Ste Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Roberts W, Schick MR, Tomko RL, McRae-Clark AL, Pittmann B, Gueorgieva R, McKee SA. Developmental trajectories of alcohol and cannabis concurrent use in a nationally representative sample of United States youths. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109908. [PMID: 37149960 PMCID: PMC10330385 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified common trajectories of single type substance use over the course of adolescence; however, no study to date has examined joint trajectories of cannabis and alcohol concurrent use. Given that expansion of legal cannabis has increased availability, it is important to understand patterns of concurrent use in adolescents and factors that place male and female youth at risk for harmful trajectories of concurrent use. The current study sought to identify joint trajectories of cannabis and alcohol use - and predictors of harmful use trajectories - among male and female adolescents. METHOD We used 4 waves of data from 6997 early adolescent participants (age 12-14 years at Wave 1) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health, a nationally representative longitudinal study in the United States. Participants reported their cannabis and alcohol use reassessed yearly for 5 years (2013-2018). We used joint trajectory growth mixture modeling to identify trajectory groups as defined by changes in alcohol and cannabis use over time. RESULTS Five classes of alcohol and cannabis concurrent use trajectories were identified. Both internalizing and externalizing symptoms at Wave 1 increased the odds of membership in trajectory groups characterized by more harmful use trajectories. Internalizing symptomatology was a stronger predictor of membership in escalating use trajectories among girls, whereas externalizing symptomatology stronger predictor among boys. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the utility of jointly considering alcohol and cannabis use when describing common developmental trajectories of use and identifying risk factors for trajectories characterized by harmful use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, United States.
| | | | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Aimee L McRae-Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, United States
| | - Brian Pittmann
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, United States
| | | | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, United States
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Valente J, Pietrobom T, Mihic J, Caetano S, Mari J, Sanchez ZM. Externalizing and internalizing problems as predictors of alcohol-related harm and binge drinking in early adolescence: The role of gender. J Affect Disord 2023; 327:167-174. [PMID: 36623566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Externalizing problems are commonly associated with alcohol outcomes in adolescence. Nevertheless, findings regarding internalizing problems are mixed, and fewer longitudinal studies have considered the both problems concomitantly and the role of gender. We examined the role of externalizing and internalizing problems in predicting adolescent alcohol-related harm and binge drinking, taking into account the gender differences. We also evaluated if externalizing problems could moderate the association between internalizing problems and alcohol outcomes. METHOD We used longitudinal data from 2368 8th grade students across 37 public schools in three Brazilian cities. Linear and logistic regressions were performed to analyze the association between alcohol outcomes and the independent variables (externalization and internalization scores, and sociodemographic variables) according to gender. We also tested the same model with an interaction term between externalizing*internalizing. RESULTS Our results suggest that externalizing problems predict adolescents' binge drinking in both genders; it also may predict adolescents' alcohol-related harms, but only in boys. Internalizing problems seem to be a gender-specific risk factor for binge drinking among girls. All findings are independent of comorbid problems and sociodemographic variables. LIMITATION The findings should be considered taking into account the short follow-up period from risk factors to the outcomes. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the contribution of internalizing and externalizing problems to the development of alcohol-related harm and binge drinking in early adolescence and the need for interventions to prevent early behavioral problems that consider the role played by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Valente
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Pietrobom
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josipa Mihic
- Department of Behavioural Disorders, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sheila Caetano
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jair Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
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McCabe CJ, Brumback T, Brown SA, Meruelo AD. Assessing cross-lagged associations between depression, anxiety, and binge drinking in the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 243:109761. [PMID: 36621201 PMCID: PMC10122417 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 20 % and 30 % of teens suffer from depression or anxiety before reaching adulthood, and up to half also use or misuse alcohol. Although theories suggest bidirectional links between harmful alcohol use (e.g., binge drinking) and internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety), empirical evidence to-date has been mixed. Systematic reviews have attributed mixed findings to limitations in study design, such as the utilization of between-person analyses and the focus on unidirectional effects. The goal of this study was to address these limitations by assessing bidirectional within-person associations between internalizing symptoms and binge drinking over the course of 5 years in the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) sample, a large cohort recruited at ages 12-21 and followed annually on substance use and psychiatric functioning. METHODS We used latent curve models with structured residuals to examine within-person lagged associations between depression, anxiety, and past month counts of binge drinking using NCANDA data (N = 831). Analyses were supplemented with post-hoc power simulations. RESULTS We found marginal evidence linking binge drinking with subsequent depression symptoms one year later among females. We found no evidence that depression or anxiety predicted subsequent binge drinking despite sufficient power. CONCLUSIONS Social and cognitive consequences of binge drinking may predict later depression symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood for young women, though there was little evidence favoring self-medication models for binge drinking. We note several moderating variables and common factor mechanisms that may better explain this link.
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Ranganath P, Hjetland GJ, Finserås TR, Brunborg GS, Hesse M, Skogen JC. Negative experiences, social exclusion and unwanted attention on social media: exploring the association with adolescent alcohol use. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2361. [PMID: 36527010 PMCID: PMC9756586 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents' presence on Social Media (SoMe) facilitates peer connections making them susceptible to peer-influences and approval. Negative experiences on SoMe can affect adolescent stress and wellbeing, impelling their use of alcohol. This paper provides a novel understanding of the relationship between negative experiences on SoMe and key indicators of alcohol use in adolescents. METHODS Data was collected from upper secondary school students (n = 3528, ages 16-19, 45% boys) in Bergen (Norway) using a web-based questionnaire during school-hours in 2020 and 2021. Dependent variables were alcohol consumption, binge drinking and scoring ≥ 2 points on the CRAFFT instrument screening for substance use problems in adolescents. Independent variables were two scales indicating "negative acts and exclusion" and "unwanted attention from others". Covariates included age, gender, country of birth and subjective socioeconomic status. Results are presented as relative risk ratios (RRR), odds ratios (OR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Using multinomial logistic regression models, "negative acts and exclusion" and "unwanted attention" were positively associated with trying alcohol (OR: 1.50 (95% CI 1.28-1.76) and 1.86 (95% CI 1.66-2.09) respectively, both p ≤ 0.001), with frequency and amount of alcohol consumed. Findings from logistic regression models indicated that "negative acts and exclusion" and "unwanted attention" were positively associated with i. CRAFFT-caseness (OR: 2.13 and 1.86) and ii. frequent binge drinking (OR: 1.55 and 1.89). CONCLUSION Both exclusion and unwanted attention on SoMe were associated with indicators of problematic drinking, including frequency, quantity, and consequences related to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ranganath
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gunnhild Johnsen Hjetland
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway ,grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Turi Reiten Finserås
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Scott Brunborg
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morten Hesse
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway ,grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway ,grid.412835.90000 0004 0627 2891Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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Ouyang Y, Ding D, Xu X. Problem Behaviors of Adolescents: The Role of Family Socioeconomic Status, Parental Educational Expectations, and Adolescents' Confidence in the Future. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15442. [PMID: 36497514 PMCID: PMC9738002 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive theoretical model of problem behaviors proposes that family socioeconomic status is one of the factors affecting adolescent problem behaviors. The purpose of this study is to further explore the mechanism of the influence of family socioeconomic status on adolescent problem behaviors based on the framework of the comprehensive theoretical model of problem behaviors. Further, it is to discover more protective or risk factors affecting adolescent problem behaviors, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the prevention of and intervention in adolescent problem behaviors. This study used data from the 2014-2015 academic year of the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) conducted by the China survey and data center at the Renmin University of China. A national representative sample of 6888 junior high school students was selected. Among them, 3342 (48.5%) were girls and 3546 (51.5%) were boys with an average age of 14.50 years (SD = 0.68 years). The results revealed that parental educational expectations and adolescents' confidence in the future played a contributory mediating role in the association between family socioeconomic status and adolescents' problem behaviors. Both parental educational expectations and adolescents' confidence in the future are protective factors against adolescents' problem behaviors and enhancing these factors can decrease the likelihood of adolescents' engagement in problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Ouyang
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Department of Management, Hunan Police Academy, Changsha 410138, China
| | - Daoqun Ding
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xizheng Xu
- Department of Management, Hunan Police Academy, Changsha 410138, China
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11
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Dick DM, Saunders T, Balcke E, Driver MN, Neale Z, Vassileva J, Langberg JM. Genetically influenced externalizing and internalizing risk pathways as novel prevention targets. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2022; 36:595-606. [PMID: 34110842 PMCID: PMC8660940 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Risky substance use among college students is widespread, and associated with numerous adverse consequences. Current interventions focus primarily on students' current substance use; we hypothesize that shifting focus from current use to underlying risk factors is a complementary approach that may improve effectiveness of prevention/intervention programming. This approach aligns with the personalized medicine movement, which aims to harness knowledge about underlying etiological factors to provide individuals with specific information about their unique risk profiles and personalized recommendations, to motivate and enable individuals to better self-regulate their health. Method: Our group is building and evaluating an online Personalized Feedback Program (PFP) for college students that provides feedback about the individual's underlying genetically influenced externalizing and internalizing risk factors for substance use, along with personalized recommendations/resources. The project capitalizes on work from a university-wide research project (Spit for Science; S4S), in which > 12,000 students (˜70% of 5 years of incoming freshmen) are being followed longitudinally to assess substance use and related factors across the college years. In this article, we describe our foundational work to develop the PFP. Results: From the S4S data, we have identified risk factors across four domains (Sensation Seeking, Impulsivity, Extraversion, and Neuroticism) that are correlated with college students' substance use. We developed an online self-guided PFP, in collaboration with professionals from student affairs, and using feedback from students, with the ultimate goal of conducting a randomized clinical trial. Conclusion: The provision of personalized risk information represents a novel approach to complement and extend existing college substance use programming. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth
University
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia
Commonwealth University
| | - Trisha Saunders
- Division of Student Affairs, Virginia Commonwealth
University
| | - Emily Balcke
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth
University
| | - Morgan N. Driver
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia
Commonwealth University
| | - Zoe Neale
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth
University
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12
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The joint development of externalizing and internalizing behaviors in black and Hispanic youth and the link to late adolescent substance use. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1144-1162. [PMID: 33517946 PMCID: PMC8325714 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to understand how the joint development of externalizing and internalizing behaviors is related to substance use, particularly among historically understudied and often disadvantaged populations. Latent class models were used to estimate patterns of externalizing behaviors and internalizing behaviors in the form of depressive and anxious symptoms from age 6 to 14 among 390 Black and Hispanic youth. Then, growth curve models of substance use between the ages of 15 and 19 were estimated as a function of joint latent class membership. Only elevated levels of externalizing behaviors were associated with higher levels of substance use through age 18. Internalizing behaviors appeared to serve as a protective factor among those with moderate displays of externalizing behavior only. Additionally, growth in substance use from ages 15 to 19 was slower among those who displayed the highest level of externalizing behaviors, and internalizing behaviors appeared to moderate growth (and serve as protective factor) among those who displayed moderate levels of externalizing behaviors. The findings underscore the importance of pattern profiles based on observations of the joint development of problem behaviors to assess risk for substance use, particularly in understudied populations where risk/protective factors may operate in a unique manner.
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13
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Baiden P, Morgan MA, Logan MW. Sports- and Physical Activity-Related Concussions, Binge Drinking and Marijuana Use among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Depression and Suicidal Ideation. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:504-515. [PMID: 34967277 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2019779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although past studies have examined the adverse impact of sports- and physical activity-related concussions (SPACs) on health and mental health outcomes, there is a dearth of research investigating the association between SPACs and binge drinking and marijuana use. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine the cross-sectional association between SPACs and binge drinking and marijuana use among adolescents and whether symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation mediate this association. METHODS Data for this study came from the 2017 and 2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 17,175 adolescents aged 14-18 years (50.2% male) was analyzed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 17,175 adolescents, 13.7% engaged in binge drinking and 19.3% used marijuana 30 days preceding the survey date. Approximately one in seven (14.1%) adolescents had SPACs during the past year. Upon controlling for the effects of other factors, adolescents who had SPACs had 1.74 times higher odds of engaging in binge drinking (AOR = 1.74, p<.001, 95% CI = 1.47-2.06) and 1.42 times higher odds of using marijuana (AOR = 1.42, p<.001, 95% CI = 1.24-1.62) than those who did not have SPACs. Symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation explained 12% of the association between SPACs and binge drinking, and 19% of the association between SPACs and marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the association between SPACs and substance use and mental health could contribute to early identification of adolescents who may engage in substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A Morgan
- Department of Criminal Justice & Security Studies, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew W Logan
- School of Criminal Justice & Criminology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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14
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Wasserman AM, Wimmer J, Hill-Kapturczak N, Karns-Wright TE, Mathias CW, Dougherty DM. The Development of Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors Among Youth With or Without a Family History of Substance Use Disorder: The Indirect Effects of Early-Life Stress and Impulsivity. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:978-993. [PMID: 33067711 PMCID: PMC10984365 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Youth with a family history of substance use disorder (FH+) are more prone to have externalizing and internalizing problems compared to youth without a family history of substance use disorder (FH-), increasing the likelihood of later maladjustment. However, mechanisms for this association remain understudied. In this longitudinal study, we examined if FH+ youth are more likely to experience early-life stressors (ELS), which in turn would increase impulsivity and the expression of externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Data were collected from youth and a parent (n = 386) during a baseline assessment (age 10-12 years) and every six months when the youth was 13-16 years old. In support of the primary hypothesis, FH+ youth reported higher levels of externalizing and internalizing behaviors through ELS to impulsivity providing a developmental pathway through which FH+ youth are more prone to externalizing and internalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Wasserman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - J Wimmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - N Hill-Kapturczak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - T E Karns-Wright
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - C W Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - D M Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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15
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Ning K, Patalay P, L Maggs J, Ploubidis GB. Early life mental health and problematic drinking in mid-adulthood: evidence from two British birth cohorts. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1847-1858. [PMID: 33765212 PMCID: PMC8429378 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence suggests that externalising problems are consistently associated with alcohol use behaviours, but findings are inconsistent regarding the role of internalising problems. We investigate whether externalising and internalising problems are associated with problematic drinking in mid-adulthood, and whether potential associations are modified by age, sex and cohort. METHODS The National Child Development Study (NCDS58, n = 17,633) and 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70, n = 17,568) recruited new-borns in Great Britain in a single week in 1958 and 1970. Mental health was assessed with the Rutter Behaviour Questionnaire at ages 7, 11, and 16 in NCDS58 and ages 5, 10 and 16 in BCS70. Problematic drinking was measured with the CAGE questionnaire at age 33 in NCDS58 and age 34 in BCS70, and the AUDIT scale at age 44/45 in NCDS58 and age 46 in BCS70. Latent scores of externalising and internalising problems were added chronologically into lagged logistic regression models. RESULTS Externalising and internalising problems were associated in opposite directions with problematic drinking in mid-adulthood. Externalising was a risk factor (OR [95% CI] ranging from 1.06 [1.03, 1.10] to 1.11 [1.07, 1.15] for different ages), and internalising was a protective factor (OR [95% CI] ranging from 0.95 [0.92, 0.99] to 0.90 [0.86, 0.94] for different ages). Associations between early life mental health and mid-adulthood problematic drinking did not differ by developmental timing but were stronger in males. CONCLUSION Our study provides new insights on links of externalising and internalising difficulties with alcohol use and has implications for public policy in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA
| | - George B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
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16
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Sørensen HJ, Manzardo A, Just-Østergaard E, Penick EC, Becker UMD, Mortensen EL, Knop J. Young adult predictors of alcohol dependence to age 53: a 44-year prospective cohort study of Danish men. Addiction 2021; 116:780-787. [PMID: 32710461 DOI: 10.1111/add.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine if (1) there is a positive association between drinking volume in young men and life-time risk of alcohol dependence (AD) and (2) there are other associations between young adulthood factors and life-time risk of AD. DESIGN Prospective cohort study of sons of fathers with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and matched low-risk controls without paternal AUD. Setting and participants A total of 204 men, who were assessed at baseline in 1979 at age 19-20 years, were followed through record linkage with Danish registers and consecutive psychiatric interviews at the ages of 33, 43 and 53 years. MEASUREMENTS AD diagnoses were interview-based according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition, or made by treating clinicians according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) revision 8 (ICD-8) until 1993 and revision 10 (ICD-10) from 1994.We estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the development of AD after adjustment for confounders including smoking, social status and paternal AUD. FINDINGS The following variables from the examination at age 19-20 independently predicted life-time AD: alcohol consumption > 21 beverages/week versus 0-21 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-4.97], police contact (OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.28-5.28) and institutionalization related to the individual (OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.39-6.02). Compared with < 1 beverages/week, the risk for AD did not increase significantly for drinking volume categories: 1-7, 8-14 or 15-21 beverages/week. CONCLUSION Independently of other risk factors in young adulthood, young Danish men's risk for life-time alcohol dependence appears to be predicted by a drinking volume at age 19-20 years exceeding 21 beverages per week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger J Sørensen
- CORE Copenhagen Mental Health Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark.,National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Manzardo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth C Penick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ulrik M D Becker
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Gastrounit Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Knop
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Rawls E, Kummerfeld E, Zilverstand A. An integrated multimodal model of alcohol use disorder generated by data-driven causal discovery analysis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:435. [PMID: 33790384 PMCID: PMC8012376 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has high prevalence and adverse societal impacts, but our understanding of the factors driving AUD is hampered by a lack of studies that describe the complex neurobehavioral mechanisms driving AUD. We analyzed causal pathways to AUD severity using Causal Discovery Analysis (CDA) with data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP; n = 926 [54% female], 22% AUD [37% female]). We applied exploratory factor analysis to parse the wide HCP phenotypic space (100 measures) into 18 underlying domains, and we assessed functional connectivity within 12 resting-state brain networks. We then employed data-driven CDA to generate a causal model relating phenotypic factors, fMRI network connectivity, and AUD symptom severity, which highlighted a limited set of causes of AUD. The model proposed a hierarchy with causal influence propagating from brain connectivity to cognition (fluid/crystalized cognition, language/math ability, & working memory) to social (agreeableness/social support) to affective/psychiatric function (negative affect, low conscientiousness/attention, externalizing symptoms) and ultimately AUD severity. Our data-driven model confirmed hypothesized influences of cognitive and affective factors on AUD, while underscoring that addiction models need to be expanded to highlight the importance of social factors, amongst others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rawls
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Erich Kummerfeld
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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18
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May A, Aguinaldo L, Tan R, Courtney K, Jacobus J. The Relationship between Early Alcohol Use Behaviors and Adolescent Pubertal and Psychosocial Development: A Latent Growth Analysis. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:861-870. [PMID: 33754935 PMCID: PMC8118223 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1899231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present longitudinal study examines how age of alcohol initiation and regular use (weekly drinking for ≥6 months) relates to adolescent physiological development, social behaviors, psychological functioning, and substance use patterns. Method: Data are drawn from a prospective sample of 295 youth (42% female) who completed a 15-year longitudinal study. The current investigation uses data collected at 4 timepoints from ages 12-19. Results: Latent growth modeling revealed earlier age of alcohol initiation is associated with (1) a more advanced stage of pubertal development, more self-reported dating experience, and greater externalizing behaviors at ages 12-13 (study entry); (2) a slower rate of change in pubertal development; and (3) greater rate of increase in externalizing and internalizing symptoms from ages 12 to 19. These relationships were not moderated by gender. Conclusion: Early alcohol initiation appears to be associated with early onset pubertal development and dating behaviors. Over time, early alcohol use behaviors may delay pubertal development while exacerbating psychological risk behaviors (i.e. externalizing and internalizing behaviors). These findings suggest the importance of delaying alcohol initiation and may be beneficial for improving existing adolescent substance use prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.C. May
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - L.D. Aguinaldo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R. Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - K.E. Courtney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J. Jacobus
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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19
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Fleming CB, Stevens AL, Vivero M, Patwardhan I, Nelson TD, Nelson JM, James TD, Espy KA, Mason WA. Executive Control in Early Childhood as an Antecedent of Adolescent Problem Behaviors: A Longitudinal Study with Performance-based Measures of Early Childhood Cognitive Processes. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:2429-2440. [PMID: 32935250 PMCID: PMC7606735 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Identifying childhood cognitive processes that predict adolescent problem behaviors can help guide understanding and prevention of these behaviors. In a community sample of 313 youth recruited in a small Midwestern city between 2006 and 2012 (49% male, 64% European American), executive control and foundational cognitive abilities were assessed at age 5 in a lab setting with performance-based measures. In adolescence, youth provided self-report of problem behaviors in surveys administered annually between ages 14 and 16. Executive control was negatively associated with externalizing behavior problems and adolescents getting in trouble at school, accounting for foundational cognitive abilities and family background covariates. Executive control had negative, but nonsignificant, associations with internalizing problems and substance use initiation. The findings point to deficits in executive control as a childhood risk factor for later problems and a potential target for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Fleming
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th St., #300, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Amy L Stevens
- Boys Town, Child and Family Translational Research Center, 13971 Flanagan Blvd, #101, Boys Town, NE, 68010, USA
| | - Marla Vivero
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Irina Patwardhan
- Boys Town, Child and Family Translational Research Center, 13971 Flanagan Blvd, #101, Boys Town, NE, 68010, USA
| | - Timothy D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Jennifer Mize Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Office of Research and Economic Development, 301 Canfield Administration, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Tiffany D James
- Office of Research and Economic Development, 301 Canfield Administration, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Kimberly Andrews Espy
- Office of the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, Main Building, Suite 4.120, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - W Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 North Pauline Street, Suite 637, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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20
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Luciana M. Risks versus consequences of adolescent and young adult substance use: A focus on executive control. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020; 7:453-463. [PMID: 33816055 PMCID: PMC8014909 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the role of executive control processes in the liability for substance misuse and whether substance use, once initiated, leads to subsequent decrements as proposed by neurotoxicity models of substance use disorder (SUD). RECENT FINDINGS As indicated by a number of recent meta-analyses, executive control processes, which include working memory, cognitive flexibility and numerous aspects of attentional, behavioral and emotional control, are impaired in the context of active SUD. Longitudinal studies of behaviorally disinhibited children, individuals with familial risks for SUD, and twins within whom genetic versus environmental influences on behavior can be modeled robustly indicate that relatively poor control is a vulnerability factor for early substance use initiation, binge patterns of use, and subsequent SUD. Evidence of further declines in executive control, once substance use is initiated, is mixed, although a growing number of neuroimaging studies indicate that frontostriatal, frontolimbic, and frontocerebellar systems are altered as a consequence of use. SUMMARY Together these patterns suggest strategies for identifying children and adolescents at high risk for SUD, avenues through which substance-related neurotoxicities can be more reliably detected, and the need to structure prevention efforts in a manner that is developmentally appropriate and perhaps personalized to individual vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, 55455 USA
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21
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Gau JM, Farmer RF, Seeley JR, Klein DN, Kosty DB. Are Parental Alcohol Use Disorder Histories Associated With Offspring Behavior Problems at Age 2? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020. [PMID: 32800089 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2020.81.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies of clinical and high-risk samples have demonstrated associations between parental alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and offspring's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems during adolescence and early adulthood. It remains unclear, however, whether associations between parental AUD histories and offspring behavior problems are evident among very young offspring who were not directly exposed to a parent who experienced an active AUD episode during the child's lifetime. The present study sought to evaluate internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among young children as a function of paternal and maternal AUD histories and associated clinical features. METHOD The community sample consisted of 160 families with a 2-year-old child and parents who did not experience an AUD episode since the child was born. Parental AUD histories and associated clinical features were evaluated with semistructured interviews, and parental reports of child internalizing and externalizing behaviors were assessed with an age-appropriate behavior checklist. RESULTS In contrast to previous findings from clinical and high-risk samples, when paternal and maternal AUD histories and associated clinical features were evaluated as predictors of child behavior problems, no statistically significant associations were detected (βs ranged from .01 to .18). Moderating effects of sex of the offspring were also not significant. CONCLUSIONS Parental AUD histories do not appear to confer risk for offspring internalizing or externalizing behavior problems at age 2. The emergence of such behavior problems may be limited to specific developmental periods during childhood or reflect the impact of direct exposure to parents with alcohol-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M Gau
- College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, Oregon
| | | | - John R Seeley
- College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Derek B Kosty
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, Oregon
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22
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Koenig LB, Haber JR, Jacob T. Transitions in alcohol use over time: a survival analysis. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:115. [PMID: 33143748 PMCID: PMC7607670 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study examined the predictors of the onset of alcohol use as well as predictors of remission and relapse, both from heavy drinking and from alcohol dependence. Similarities and differences in both clinical and psychosocial predictors across the transitions were examined.
Methods A sample of men from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry (N = 1769) completed an assessment of lifetime drinking history, which allowed age markers for starting and stopping different drinking patterns. The men also completed various assessments regarding personality, alcohol motives, and psychiatric diagnoses. Survival analyses were used to examine the predictors of the three transitions of onset, remission, and relapse for the phenotypes of heavy drinking and of alcohol dependence, censoring the individuals who had not yet experienced an event. Results As expected, predictors of onset for drinking, heavy drinking, and alcohol dependence were largely consistent and included externalizing symptomology, nicotine dependence, and cotwin history of drinking as risk factors. Predictors of remission from heavy drinking, somewhat similarly to remission from alcohol dependence, included the risk factor of externalizing disorders but also, as predicted, included more risk and protective factors in the psychosocial realm that were not predictors of onset. Contrary to our prediction, relapse to heavy drinking and alcohol dependence were predicted largely by unique psychosocial risk and protective factors including social and coping motives. Conclusion Current findings extend the findings of past research to remission and relapse in the later decades of life and have implications for treatment of alcohol use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Koenig
- Winona State University, Winona, MN, USA. .,Department of Social Sciences, Southwest Minnesota State University, 1501 State Street, Marshall, MN, 56258, USA.
| | - Jon Randolph Haber
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road, MC 151J, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Theodore Jacob
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road, MC 151J, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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23
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King KM, Feil MC, Halvorson MA, Kosterman R, Bailey JA, Hawkins JD. A trait-like propensity to experience internalizing symptoms is associated with problem alcohol involvement across adulthood, but not adolescence. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2020; 34:756-771. [PMID: 32391702 PMCID: PMC7655636 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There are stable between-person differences in an internalizing "trait," or the propensity to experience symptoms of internalizing disorders, such as social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, and depression. Trait internalizing may serve as a marker of heightened risk for problem alcohol outcomes (such as heavier drinking, binge drinking, or alcohol dependence). However, prior research on the association between internalizing symptoms and alcohol outcomes has been largely mixed in adolescence, with more consistent support for an association during adulthood. It may be that trait internalizing is only associated with problem alcohol outcomes in adulthood, after individuals have gained experience with alcohol. Some evidence suggested that these effects may be stronger for women than men. We used data from a community sample (n = 790) interviewed during adolescence (ages 14-16) and again at ages 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 39. Using generalized estimating equations, we tested the association between trait internalizing and alcohol outcomes during both adolescence and adulthood, and tested whether adult trait internalizing mediated the association between adolescent trait internalizing and adult alcohol outcomes. Trait internalizing in adulthood (but not adolescence) was associated with more frequent alcohol use, binge drinking and symptoms of alcohol use disorders, and mediated the effects of adolescent trait internalizing on alcohol outcomes. We observed no moderation by gender or change in these associations over time. Understanding the developmental pathways of trait internalizing may provide further insights into preventing the emergence of problem alcohol use behavior during adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - J. David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
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24
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Levine JA, Gius BK, Boghdadi G, Connors GJ, Maisto SA, Schlauch RC. Reductions in Drinking Predict Increased Distress: Between- and Within-Person Associations between Alcohol Use and Psychological Distress During and Following Treatment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2326-2335. [PMID: 32945567 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the nature of the association between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other disorders is not well understood, the ways in which psychological distress changes during the course of treatment for AUD are relatively unknown. Existing literatures posit 2 competing hypotheses such that treatment for AUD concurrently decreases alcohol use and psychological distress or treatment for AUD decreases alcohol use and increases psychological distress. The current study examined the ways in which psychological distress changed as a function of treatment for AUD, including the relationship between psychological distress and drinking behaviors. METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted on an existing clinical trial dataset that investigated the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy and therapeutic alliance feedback on AUDs. Specifically, data collected at baseline, posttreatment, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month follow-up assessments were examined. RESULTS Results indicated decreases in heavy drinking days, increases in percentage of days abstinent, and decreases in overall psychological distress. Findings also revealed that changes in psychological distress did not predict changes in drinking at the next time interval; however, decreases in drinking predicted higher psychological distress at the next assessment. Further, average levels of psychological distress were positively associated with rates of drinking. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides some insight into how psychological distress changes during the course of treatment for AUD, including the relationship between changes in drinking and such symptoms. Future research should continue to explore these relationships, including the ways in which treatment efforts can address what may be seen as paradoxical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Levine
- From the, Department of Psychology, (JAL, BKG, GB, RCS), University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Becky K Gius
- From the, Department of Psychology, (JAL, BKG, GB, RCS), University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - George Boghdadi
- From the, Department of Psychology, (JAL, BKG, GB, RCS), University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gerard J Connors
- Research Institute on Addictions, (GJC), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Stephen A Maisto
- Department of Psychology, (SAM), Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Robert C Schlauch
- From the, Department of Psychology, (JAL, BKG, GB, RCS), University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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25
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Garey L, Olofsson H, Garza T, Rogers AH, Kauffman BY, Zvolensky MJ. Directional Effects of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders with Substance Use: a Review of Recent Prospective Research. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Davila M, Tubman JG. Gender, Maltreatment and Psychiatric Symptoms among Adolescents in Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment. CHILD & ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL : C & A 2020; 37:385-396. [PMID: 34531635 PMCID: PMC8443220 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-019-00637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment experiences are risk factors for externalizing and internalizing symptoms, as well as substance abuse problems during adolescence. In the present study, we administered structured interviews to 394 adolescents receiving outpatient substance abuse treatment services (280 males; M years=16.33; SD years=1.15). K-means cluster analysis was used to examine: (a) the co-patterning of childhood maltreatment experiences and past-year externalizing symptoms (for drug and alcohol abuse and dependence, conduct disorder); (b) between-cluster differences in serious internalizing problems (for past-year anxiety and depression symptoms and current distress); and (c) gender differences in these relations. Both similarities and differences were identified in maltreatment-externalizing behavior patterns and relations with serious internalizing problems across gender groups. Childhood maltreatment and subsequent psychopathology have implications for the adaptation and delivery of substance abuse treatment services to boys and girls to improve their engagement and treatment outcomes.
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27
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Rudenstine S, Espinosa A, Kumar A. Depression and Anxiety Subgroups Across Alcohol Use Disorder and Substance Use in a National Epidemiologic Study. J Dual Diagn 2020; 16:299-311. [PMID: 32657223 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2020.1784498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The high prevalence of alcohol/substance use among individuals with psychiatric disorders elucidates the import of investigations into associations between types and severity of psychiatric symptoms and alcohol/substance use. This study examined the likelihood of alcohol use disorder and substance use among individuals with varying depression and anxiety symptoms and severity thereof. Differences across sex were also examined.Methods: Using data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample from the United States (N = 43,093), separate logistic regressions estimated the odds of lifetime alcohol use disorder, depressant, stimulant, hallucinogen, and comorbid substance use across psychiatric symptom clusters controlling for age, sex, and ethnicity.Results: Symptom severity was a more important correlate of alcohol use disorder and substance use than symptom type. In particular, the odds ratio of lifetime use of depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, or any combination of these types of substances were higher for individuals with either severe depression or severe depression and anxiety relative to a healthy control. Moreover, the odds of having a diagnosis of lifetime alcohol use disorder were higher for individuals with severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and both depression and anxiety, relative to healthy individuals. Those with mild depression were more likely to engage in substance use than individuals with anxiety alone. Patterns of association among males and females were highly consistent.Conclusions: The findings highlight an enhanced risk of alcohol and substance use among individuals with severe depression and/or anxiety symptoms above what is seen among individuals with less severe symptomatology. In addition, this study shows a unique risk posed by the presence of depression on substance use. This study offers a framework for future studies to examine the causal mechanisms explaining the connection between psychiatric symptoms and alcohol/substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Rudenstine
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Espinosa
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anusha Kumar
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Regan T, Tubman JG, Schwartz SJ. Relations among Externalizing Behaviors, Alcohol Expectancies and Alcohol Use Problems in a Multi-Ethnic Sample of Middle and High School Students. Subst Abuse 2020; 14:1178221820928427. [PMID: 32565675 PMCID: PMC7285945 DOI: 10.1177/1178221820928427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol expectancies and externalizing behaviors, that is, aggression and rule-breaking behaviors, are associated with underage alcohol use. The interactive influence of these risk factors on problem alcohol use among minority adolescents is investigated in the present study. OBJECTIVES This study examined the unique and interactive influences of alcohol expectancies and externalizing problems on specific measures of adolescents' (a) past three-month binge drinking episodes and (b) negative consequences of alcohol use. METHODS Cross-sectional self-report data were collected in 2014 via tablet-based computerized assessments from a predominantly minority sample of 762 (404 females, Mage = 13.73 years, SDage =1.59) 6th, 8th, and 10th grade students recruited from public middle and high schools in Miami-Dade County, FL and Prince George's County, MD. Students completed surveys on tablets in school settings regarding alcohol expectancies, expectancy valuations, externalizing problem behaviors, past 3-month binge drinking episodes, and experiences of alcohol-related negative consequences. RESULTS Zero-inflated negative binomial regressions indicated: (1) older adolescents were more likely to report binge drinking; and (2) a significant main effect for externalizing problem behaviors on binge use. Logistic regressions indicated (1) older adolescents were more likely to endorse an alcohol-related negative consequence and (2) the interaction between positive alcohol expectancies and externalizing behaviors was associated with endorsing an alcohol-related negative consequence. CONCLUSIONS Engaging adolescents who exhibit serious externalizing behaviors and report positive alcohol expectancies via developmentally appropriate, tailored interventions is one feasible strategy to address escalation of binge alcohol use and related negative consequences among minority youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Regan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, USA
| | | | - Seth J. Schwartz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, USA
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29
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Stephenson M, Barr P, Ksinan A, Aliev F, Latvala A, Viken R, Rose R, Kaprio J, Dick D, Salvatore JE. Which adolescent factors predict alcohol misuse in young adulthood? A co-twin comparisons study. Addiction 2020; 115:877-887. [PMID: 31746044 PMCID: PMC7156309 DOI: 10.1111/add.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Research on adolescent predictors of later alcohol misuse is typically conducted on samples of singletons, and associations may be confounded by between-family differences. To address potential confounding, we applied a co-twin comparison design to evaluate whether differences between co-twins in a wide array of adolescent risk factors predicted differences in young adult alcohol misuse. DESIGN Longitudinal study in which associations between characteristics of the sample as adolescents were used to predict young adult alcohol misuse in individual-level analyses and co-twin comparisons. SETTING Finland. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3402 individuals (1435 complete twin pairs; 36% monozygotic; 57% female) from the FinnTwin12 study. MEASUREMENTS The young adult alcohol misuse outcome was a composite score of alcohol use and intoxication frequency. Adolescent predictors included factor scores representing academic performance, substance use, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, peer environment, physical health and relationship with parents; and single measures tapping alcohol expectancies, life events and pubertal development. FINDINGS In individual-level analyses, individuals with higher adolescent substance use, externalizing problems, time with friends, peer deviance, sports involvement, sleeping difficulties, parental discipline, positive alcohol expectancies and difficulty of life events reported higher alcohol misuse in young adulthood (Ps < 0.019, R2 = 0.0003-0.0310%). Conversely, those with higher adolescent internalizing problems, parent-child relationship quality and time with parents reported lower alcohol misuse (Ps < 0021, R2 = 0.0018-0.0093%). The associations with adolescent substance use and alcohol expectancies remained significant in co-twin comparisons (Ps < 0.049, R2 = 0.0019-0.0314%). Further, academic performance emerged as a significant predictor, such that individuals with higher grades compared with their co-twin reported higher young adult alcohol misuse (Ps < 0.029, R2 = 0.0449-0.0533%). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent substance use, positive alcohol expectancies and higher academic performance appear to be robust predictors of later alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Albert Ksinan
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard Viken
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Richard Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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30
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Birrell L, Slade T, Teesson M, Prior K, Chapman C, Hides L, McBride N, Mewton L, Allsop S, Andrews G, Newton NC. Bidirectional relationships in the development of internalising symptoms and alcohol use in adolescence. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 39:950-959. [PMID: 32314463 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Previous literature has demonstrated an inconsistent relationship between alcohol use and internalising symptoms (anxiety, depression) in youth. This study aimed to clarify this link examining the bidirectional relationships between internalising symptoms and alcohol use in a community sample of adolescents, taking into account the effect of gender and externalising symptoms. DESIGN AND METHODS Parallel latent growth models were run to prospectively explore the bidirectional relationships between internalising symptoms and alcohol use when assessed five times over 2 years, among 1557 (67% female) adolescents from age 13.5 years. RESULTS Results showed that higher initial levels of internalising symptoms predicted increasing alcohol use frequency; however, this association was no longer significant once externalising symptoms and gender were accounted for. No bidirectional associations between internalising symptoms and alcohol use were found. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the literature examining the bidirectional relationships between internalising symptoms and alcohol use in adolescence. Findings highlight the importance of both gender and externalising symptoms in the development of this type of comorbidity and may help explain discrepant findings in the existing literature. Future prevention efforts for internalising problems and alcohol use should consider gender and externalising symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Birrell
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katrina Prior
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Chapman
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Louise Mewton
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steve Allsop
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Gavin Andrews
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola C Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Isaksson J, Schwab-Stone M, Stickley A, Ruchkin V. Risk and Protective Factors for Problematic Drinking in Early Adolescence: A Systematic Approach. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:231-238. [PMID: 31468271 PMCID: PMC7067730 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use during early adolescence is associated with other risk behaviors as well as future health problems. Within the design of a larger prospective research program, a cohort of U.S. inner-city sixth-grade students (N = 1573, mean age = 12.10) were assessed and reassessed in the seventh-grade. Self-reported information was obtained on problems related to alcohol, fixed markers of risk (e.g. sex, age, SES), individual and interpersonal factors (e.g. internalizing and externalizing symptoms) and contextual factors (e.g. substance availability). Alcohol-related problems in seventh grade were foremost predicted by individual and interpersonal factors in the sixth grade including depressive symptoms, conduct problems, a decreased perception of wrongdoing, and affiliation with delinquent peers. In addition, alcohol use in the sixth grade and being of Hispanic or White ethnicity was also associated with subsequent alcohol-related problems. Interventions should be directed towards assessing and treating individual risk factors such as depression and externalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Isaksson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mary Schwab-Stone
- Child Study Center, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Andrew Stickley
- The Stockholm Center for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden ,Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vladislav Ruchkin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Child Study Center, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Säter Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Säter, Sweden.
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32
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Regan T, Tubman J. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Subtypes, Co-Occurring Psychiatric Symptoms and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Adolescents Receiving Substance Abuse Treatment. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:119-132. [PMID: 31502500 PMCID: PMC6917828 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1657895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adolescents entering substance abuse treatment report clustered psychiatric symptoms and sexual risk behaviors representing differential levels of impairment and risk for maladaptive health outcomes. Objectives: To examine the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) subtypes among adolescents receiving outpatient substance abuse treatment; To document group differences in (a) past-year psychiatric symptom scores and (b) sexual risk behaviors by ADHD subtype and gender. Methods: Self-report data were collected via structured interviews from 394 adolescents (280 males, M = 16.33 years, SD = 1.15 years), enrolled in an HIV/STI risk reduction intervention for adolescents receiving outpatient substance abuse treatment. ADHD diagnostic subtypes and other past-year psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Brief Michigan Version of the Composite Internal Diagnostic Interview (UM-CIDI). Adolescents provided self-report data on sexual risk behaviors. Results: Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) documented that Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD subtypes were significantly associated with higher scores for all past-year psychiatric symptoms. The combined ADHD subtype was significantly associated with higher scores for all psychiatric symptoms except affective disorder. Girls reported significantly higher mean symptoms than boys for alcohol abuse and dependence, anxiety, and affective disorder symptoms. Sexual risk behavior scores were not associated with ADHD status, but girls reported consistently higher scores for multiple risk behavior outcomes. Several psychiatric disorder symptoms were significant covariates of multiple sexual risk behaviors. Conclusion/Importance: Brief screenings for ADHD, other psychiatric disorders and sexual risk behaviors can provide data for tailoring substance abuse services to improve adolescent health outcomes for high-risk subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Regan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan Tubman
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington D.C., USA
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33
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González RA, Vélez-Pastrana MC, Blankers M, Bäcker A, Konstenius M, Holtmann M, Levin FR, Noack M, Kaye S, Demetrovics Z, van de Glind G, van den Brink W, Schellekens A. Onset and Severity of Early Disruptive Behavioral Disorders in Treatment-Seeking Substance Use Disorder Patients with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Eur Addict Res 2020; 26:211-222. [PMID: 32594079 DOI: 10.1159/000508653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study addressed the age of onset of conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in treatment-seeking substance use disorder (SUD) patients with and without adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its association with early onset of SUD. METHODS We examined data from the 2nd International ADHD in Substance Use Disorders Prevalence Study, including 400 adults in SUD treatment from Puerto Rico, Hungary, and Australia. ADHD, SUD, and CD/ODD were assessed with the Conners Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV, the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and the K-SADS, respectively. Cox regression analyses modeled time to emergence of CD/ODD separately for SUD patients with and without adult ADHD. Linear regression models examined associations between age of onset of SUD and presence of ADHD and adjusted for sex, age, and country. To assess the mediating role of CD/ODD on the association of ADHD with onset of SUD, adjusted regression models were estimated. RESULTS Treatment-seeking SUD patients with ADHD presented an earlier onset of CD/ODD compared with those without ADHD. CD/ODD symptom loads were higher among the SUD and ADHD group. Age of first substance use and SUD were significantly earlier in SUD patients with ADHD, and these findings remained significant after adjustment for demographics and coexisting CD/ODD. CONCLUSIONS ADHD is associated with earlier onset of SUD as well as with an earlier onset of more frequent and more severe disruptive behavioral disorders. These findings may inform preventive interventions to mitigate adverse consequences of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A González
- National Adoption and Fostering Service & National Conduct Problems Team, Michael Rutter Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, .,Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,
| | - María C Vélez-Pastrana
- PhD Program in Clinical Psychology, Universidad Carlos Albizu, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Matthijs Blankers
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Department of Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Trimbos institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Bäcker
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maija Konstenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Holtmann
- LWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
| | - Frances R Levin
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Moritz Noack
- LWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
| | - Sharlene Kaye
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Geurt van de Glind
- Radboudumc, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nijmegen Institute for Scientist Practitioners in Addiction, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnt Schellekens
- Radboudumc, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nijmegen Institute for Scientist Practitioners in Addiction, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Castillo-Carniglia A, Keyes KM, Hasin DS, Cerdá M. Psychiatric comorbidities in alcohol use disorder. Lancet Psychiatry 2019; 6:1068-1080. [PMID: 31630984 PMCID: PMC7006178 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality burden worldwide. It often coexists with other psychiatric disorders; however, the nature of this comorbidity is still a matter of debate. In this Series paper, we examine the main psychiatric disorders associated with alcohol use disorder, including the prevalence of co-occurring disorders, the temporal nature of the relationship, and mechanisms that might explain comorbidity across the lifespan. Overall, this disorder co-occurs with a wide range of other psychiatric disorders, especially those disorders involving substance use and violent or aggressive behaviour. The causal pathways between alcohol use disorder and other psychiatric disorders are heterogeneous. Hypotheses explaining these relationships include reciprocal direct causal associations, shared genetic and environmental causes, and shared psychopathological characteristics of broader diagnostic entities (eg, externalising disorders). Efforts to untangle the associations between alcohol use disorder and other disorders across the lifespan remain a crucial avenue of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia
- Society and Health Research Center, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Magdalena Cerdá
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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35
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Meque I, Salom C, Betts KS, Alati R. Predictors of Alcohol Use Disorders Among Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:310-324. [PMID: 30942386 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are highly disabling neuropsychiatric conditions. Although evidence suggests a high burden of AUDs in young adults, few studies have investigated their life course predictors. It is crucial to assess factors that may influence these disorders from early life through adolescence to deter AUDs in early adulthood by tailoring prevention and intervention strategies. This review aims to assess temporal links between childhood and adolescent predictors of clinically diagnosed AUDs in young adults. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Embase databases for longitudinally assessed predictors of AUDs in young adults. Data were extracted and assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment tool for cohort studies. We performed our analysis by grouping predictors under six main domains. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty two studies met the eligibility criteria. The outcome in all studies was measured according to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Our review suggests strong links between externalizing symptoms in adolescence and AUDs in young adulthood, as well as when externalizing symptoms co-occur with illicit drug use. Findings on the role of internalizing symptoms and early drinking onset were inconclusive. Environmental factors were influential but changed over time. In earlier years, maternal drinking predicted early adult AUD while parental monitoring and school engagement were protective. Both peer and parental influences waned in adulthood. Further high-quality large longitudinal studies that identify distinctive developmental pathways on the aetiology of AUDs and assess the role of early internalizing symptoms and early drinking onset are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivete Meque
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Social Science Research, Level 2 Cycad Building (1018), 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Caroline Salom
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Social Science Research, Level 2 Cycad Building (1018), 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kim S Betts
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley Campus, Bentley, WA, Perth, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Social Science Research, Level 2 Cycad Building (1018), 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly QLD, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley Campus, Bentley, WA, Perth, Australia
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Meque I, Dachew BA, Maravilla JC, Salom C, Alati R. Externalizing and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence and the risk of alcohol use disorders in young adulthood: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2019; 53:965-975. [PMID: 31035781 DOI: 10.1177/0004867419844308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that externalizing and internalizing symptoms are expressed early in life and are associated with problematic drinking in young adulthood. However, few studies have examined their role during childhood and adolescence in predicting alcohol problems later in life. OBJECTIVES To examine the role of childhood and adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms in predicting alcohol use disorders in young adulthood. METHODS We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences and Embase) for studies which diagnosed alcohol use disorders through either the International Classification of Diseases or American Psychiatric Association - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria and followed up children or adolescents into the transition to young adulthood. We performed a meta-analysis and obtained pooled odds ratio estimates with 95% confidence intervals using random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 12 longitudinal studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. All measured the outcome using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. The majority were of good quality and were conducted in the United States. A total of 19,407 participants (50% female) were included in this meta-analysis. Of these, n = 2337 (12%) had diagnoses of alcohol use disorders/alcohol dependence. Participant ages ranged from birth to 36 years. Internalizing symptoms increased the risk of young adult alcohol use disorders by 21% (odds ratio = 1.21; 95% confidence interval = [1.05, 1.39]), with no strong evidence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis suggested significantly lower heterogeneity than for externalizing studies. Externalizing symptoms increased the risk of alcohol use disorders by 62% (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval = [1.39, 1.90]). We found some evidence of publication bias and significant heterogeneity in the studies. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the contribution of early behavioural problems to the development of alcohol use disorders in young adulthood and the need for timely scrutiny of and intervention on early behavioural problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivete Meque
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Berihun Assefa Dachew
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joemer C Maravilla
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Caroline Salom
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Melaku YA, Appleton S, Reynolds AC, Sweetman AM, Stevens DJ, Lack L, Adams R. Association Between Childhood Behavioral Problems and Insomnia Symptoms in Adulthood. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1910861. [PMID: 31490538 PMCID: PMC6735491 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Life-course determinants of insomnia, particularly the long-term association of childhood behavioral problems with insomnia later in life, are unknown. As childhood behaviors are measurable and potentially modifiable, understanding their associations with insomnia symptoms may provide novel insights into early intervention strategies to reduce the burden. Objective To investigate the association between behavioral problems at 5, 10, and 16 years of age and self-reported insomnia symptoms at 42 years of age. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from the United Kingdom 1970 Birth Cohort Study, an ongoing large-scale follow-up study. Participants were followed up from birth (1970) to age 42 years (2012). Missing data were imputed via multiple imputation. Statistical analysis was performed from February 1 to July 15, 2019. Exposures Behavior measured at 5, 10, and 16 years of age using the Rutter Behavioral Scale (RBS). Children's behavior was classified as normal (≤80th percentile), moderate behavioral problems (>80th to ≤95th percentile), and severe behavioral problems (>95th percentile) based on their RBS score. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep (DIMS) were collected using a self-administered questionnaire at 42 years of age. Log-binomial logistic regression, adjusted for several potential confounders, was used to estimate the association of childhood behavioral problems with insomnia symptoms in adulthood. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to check robustness of the findings. Results Participants were followed up from a baseline age of 5 years (n = 8050; 3854 boys and 4196 girls), 10 years (n = 9090; 4365 boys and 4725 girls), or 16 years (n = 7653; 3575 boys and 4078 girls) until age 42 years. There was a 39% higher risk of DIMS (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04-1.84; P = .06 for trend) for participants with severe behavioral problems at 5 years of age compared with those with a normal RBS score. The odds of DIMS plus not feeling rested on waking (DIMS plus) in participants with severe behavioral problems at 5 years of age were 29% higher (odds ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.97-1.70; P = .14 for trend) than participants with a normal RBS score, although this result was not statistically significant. Moderate and severe behavioral problems at 16 years of age were positively associated with DIMS and DIMS plus (moderate: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.07-1.52; severe: OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.22-2.30; P < .001 for trend) and DIMS plus (moderate: OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.11-1.56; severe: OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.09-1.98; P < .001 for trend). Externalizing behavioral problems at 5 and 10 years of age were positively associated with insomnia symptoms at 42 years of age. Conclusions and Relevance This study is the first to show associations of early-life behavioral problems, particularly early- and middle-childhood externalizing problems, with insomnia symptoms in adulthood. These findings underline the importance of addressing insomnia from a life-course perspective and considering the benefits of early behavioral intervention to sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Adama Melaku
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Appleton
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The Health Observatory, Discipline of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Campus, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Freemason’s Centre for Men’s Health, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amy C. Reynolds
- The Appleton Institute, The University of Central Queensland, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, The University of Central Queensland Adelaide Campus, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander M. Sweetman
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J. Stevens
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leon Lack
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Adams
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Freemason’s Centre for Men’s Health, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Dyer ML, Easey KE, Heron J, Hickman M, Munafò MR. Associations of child and adolescent anxiety with later alcohol use and disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Addiction 2019; 114:968-982. [PMID: 30891835 PMCID: PMC6563455 DOI: 10.1111/add.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite a wealth of literature, the relationship between anxiety and alcohol use remains unclear. We examined whether (a) child and adolescent anxiety is positively or negatively associated with later alcohol use and disorders and (b) study characteristics explain inconsistencies in findings. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a systematic review of 51 prospective cohort studies from 11 countries. Three studies contributed to a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases, and studies were included if they met the following criteria: English language publication, human participants, anxiety exposure (predictor variable) in childhood or adolescence and alcohol outcome at least 6 months later. PARTICIPANTS Study sample sizes ranged from 110 to 11 157 participants. Anxiety exposure ages ranged from 3 to 24 years, and alcohol outcome ages ranged from 11 to 42 years. MEASUREMENTS Ninety-seven associations across 51 studies were categorized by anxiety exposure (generalized anxiety disorder, internalizing disorders, miscellaneous anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder and specific phobias) and alcohol use outcome (drinking frequency/quantity, binge drinking and alcohol use disorders). FINDINGS The narrative synthesis revealed some evidence for a positive association between anxiety and later alcohol use disorders. Associations of anxiety with later drinking frequency/quantity and binge drinking were inconsistent. Type and developmental period of anxiety, follow-up duration, sample size and confounders considered did not appear to explain the discrepant findings. The meta-analysis also showed no clear evidence of a relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and later alcohol use disorder (odds ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval = 0.47-1.87). CONCLUSIONS Evidence to date is suggestive, but far from conclusive of a positive association between anxiety during childhood and adolescence and subsequent alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddy L Dyer
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kayleigh E Easey
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Andersen SL. Stress, sensitive periods, and substance abuse. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100140. [PMID: 30569003 PMCID: PMC6288983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the inter-relationship between drug abuse and social stress has primarily focused on the role of stress exposure during adulthood and more recently, adolescence. Adolescence is a time of heightened reward sensitivity, but it is also a time when earlier life experiences are expressed. Exposure to stress early in postnatal life is associated with an accelerated age of onset for drug use. Lifelong addiction is significantly greater if drug use is initiated during early adolescence. Understanding how developmental changes following stress exposure interact with sensitive periods to unfold over the course of maturation is integral to reducing their later impact on substance use. Arousal levels, gender/sex, inflammation, and the timing of stress exposure play a role in the vulnerability of these circuits. The current review focuses on how early postnatal stress impacts brain development during a sensitive period to increase externalizing and internalizing behaviors in adolescence that include social interactions (aggression; sexual activity), working memory impairment, and depression. How stress effects the developmental trajectories of brain circuits that are associated with addiction are discussed for both clinical and preclinical studies.
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40
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Foster KT, Hicks BM, Zucker RA. Positive and negative effects of internalizing on alcohol use problems from childhood to young adulthood: The mediating and suppressing role of externalizing. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 127:394-403. [PMID: 29745704 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A longstanding hypothesis is that some alcohol use problems (AUP) develop and are maintained through the "self-medication" of internalizing (INT; depression and anxiety) problems. However, their high rate of co-occurrence with one another and with externalizing (EXT; antisocial behavior and impulse control) problems obscures any causal association because EXT may account for the INT-AUP link. Using a large community sample, we estimated prospective effects of INT and EXT on AUP via latent cross-lagged mediation panel spanning 14 years from childhood (ages 9-11) to young adulthood (ages 21-23). After adjusting for the cross-lagged, concurrent, and stability effects across factors, INT decreased AUP risk through its direct and indirect effects and increased AUP risk through shared variance with EXT. Between childhood and young adulthood, unique aspects of INT reduced risk for AUP while aspects of INT shared with EXT increased risk for AUP. (PsycINFO Database Record
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41
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Seeley JR, Farmer RF, Kosty DB, Gau JM. Prevalence, incidence, recovery, and recurrence of alcohol use disorders from childhood to age 30. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194:45-50. [PMID: 30399499 PMCID: PMC7018515 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the course of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in representative samples during high-risk periods of adolescence and early adulthood. The primary objective of this research is to describe the prevalence and course of initial AUD episodes experienced between childhood and age 30 in a regionally representative cohort sample. METHODS Study data are from an epidemiological study of 816 youth. Participants were initially selected at random from nine high schools in western Oregon, USA. Four waves of data collection were conducted between ages 16 and 30. AUD course milestones are referenced to participants' age. RESULTS Results indicated that male participants (43%) were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with a lifetime AUD than female participants (28%), OR [CI95] = 1.97 [1.47-2.65], and rate of first incidence was especially high between ages 18 and 24.9, a developmental period that also corresponded to the peak interval in prevalence rates. The rate of first AUD incidence substantially diminished beginning around age 25. Among those with an initial AUD episode, 87% recovered by age 30 and, of these, the average episode length was 23 months. Among recovered cases, 33% went on to experience a second AUD episode (i.e., a recurrence) after a minimum 12-month asymptomatic recovery period. Risk for recurrence remained relatively high within the 5 years following initial AUD offset. CONCLUSIONS AUDs are common lifetime conditions in representative samples, whereby most affected individuals by age 30 experience a time-limited course rather than a recurring or persistent course.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Seeley
- University of Oregon, College of Education, 1215 University St., Eugene, OR, 97403, USA,Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Richard F. Farmer
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Derek B. Kosty
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Jeff M. Gau
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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Pedersen MU, Thomsen KR, Heradstveit O, Skogen JC, Hesse M, Jones S. Externalizing behavior problems are related to substance use in adolescents across six samples from Nordic countries. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:1551-1561. [PMID: 29619558 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate associations between use of cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol (CCA) and psychosocial problems among adolescents with different cultural backgrounds living in Nordic countries. Data from six questionnaire-based surveys conducted in Denmark, Norway, and Greenland, with participants from different cultural and religious backgrounds, were compared. A total of 2212 adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age participated in the study. The surveys were carried out nationally and in school settings. All adolescents answered a 12-item questionnaire (YouthMap12) with six questions identifying externalizing behavior problems and six questions identifying internalizing behavior problems, as well as four questions regarding childhood neglect and physical or sexual abuse, and questions about last month use of CCA. Externalizing behavior problems were strongly associated with all types of CCA use, while childhood history of abuse and neglect was associated with cigarette and cannabis use. The associations did not differ by sample. Despite differences between samples in use of CCA, national, cultural, and socioeconomic background, very similar associations were found between psychosocial problems and use of CCA. Our findings highlight the need to pay special attention to adolescents with externalizing behavior problems and experiences of neglect and assault in CCA prevention programs, across different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Uffe Pedersen
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Kristine Rømer Thomsen
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ove Heradstveit
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Hesse
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sheila Jones
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Oliveira LM, Bermudez MB, Macedo MJDA, Passos IC. Comorbid social anxiety disorder in patients with alcohol use disorder: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 106:8-14. [PMID: 30236640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lifetime prevalence of social anxiety disorder (SAD) among patients with alcohol dependence is around 11%. However, no systematic review has assessed the effect of comorbid SAD on the clinical outcomes of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare clinical outcomes, such as alcohol relapse, suicide attempts, treatment response, readmissions, psychiatric comorbidities, and treatment compliance between patients with AUD and comorbid SAD versus patients with AUD without SAD. METHODS We carried out a systematic review by searching PubMed for articles published between January 1, 1960 and May 6, 2018. Inclusion criteria were met if a study reported a dichotomous sample of adult patients with AUD and SAD compared to patients with AUD without SAD. Review articles and preclinical studies were excluded. From the eligible studies, we extracted outcomes of interest, such as alcohol relapse, suicidal thoughts, suicide plan and attempts, treatment response, readmissions, psychiatric comorbidities, and treatment compliance. RESULTS Patients with both AUD and SAD have a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities, mainly major depressive disorder (MDD), and depressive symptoms. In addition, they have poor treatment compliance. Conversely, the impact of comorbid SAD on alcohol relapse is controversial and current studies have yielded mixed results. Only one study assessed the impact of comorbid SAD on treatment response and showed no association. Furthermore, one study assessed suicidality and found higher rates of suicidal thoughts, suicide plans and attempts in patients with AUD and SAD. CONCLUSION The present systematic review shows that it is important to screen for other psychiatric comorbidities (especially MDD), suicidality, and improve treatment adherence in patients with AUD and comorbid SAD. Future prospective studies should clarify the impact of comorbid SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mendes Oliveira
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduation Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Mariane Bagatin Bermudez
- Graduation Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal das Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Malu Joyce de Amorim Macedo
- Graduation Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal das Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ives Cavalcante Passos
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduation Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil; Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
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Hunsaker SL, Garland BH, Rofey D, Reiter-Purtill J, Mitchell J, Courcoulas A, Jenkins TM, Zeller MH. A Multisite 2-Year Follow Up of Psychopathology Prevalence, Predictors, and Correlates Among Adolescents Who Did or Did Not Undergo Weight Loss Surgery. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:142-150. [PMID: 29724670 PMCID: PMC6113090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to characterize prevalence, change, predictors, and correlates of psychopathology and associations with weight loss in adolescents with severe obesity 24 months after weight loss surgery (WLS) utilizing a controlled multisite sample design. METHODS Adolescents undergoing WLS (n = 139) and nonsurgical comparisons with severe obesity (NSComp; n = 83) completed validated questionnaires assessing psychopathology and potential predictors and correlates at presurgery/baseline and 24 months postoperatively/follow-up. RESULTS At 24 months, 34.7% of WLS and 37.7% of nonsurgical comparisons were categorized as "symptomatic" (Youth Self-Report ≥ borderline on at least one DSM scale). The majority maintained their symptomatic or nonsymptomatic status from baseline to 24 months postbaseline. Remission of symptoms was more common than the development of new symptomatology at 24 months. Beyond demographics, separate models of baseline predictors and concurrent correlates of 24-month psychopathology identified baseline psychopathology and loss of control (LOC) eating as significant. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and LOC eating emerged as correlates in the concurrent model. For the WLS group, preoperative, postoperative, and change in symptomatology were not related to 24-month percent weight loss. CONCLUSIONS At 2 years, approximately one in three adolescents were symptomatic with psychopathology. Maintenance of symptomatic/nonsymptomatic status over time or remission was more common than new incidence. Although symptomatology was not predictive of surgical weight loss outcomes at 2 years, preoperative psychopathology and several other predictors (LOC eating) and correlates (LOC eating, AUD) emerged as signals for persistent mental health risks, underscoring the importance of pre- and postoperative psychosocial monitoring and the availability of adjunctive intervention resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanita L. Hunsaker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Beth H. Garland
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Dana Rofey
- Department of Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Reiter-Purtill
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James Mitchell
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Anita Courcoulas
- Division of General Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Todd M. Jenkins
- Division of Bariatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Meg H. Zeller
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Address correspondence to: Meg H. Zeller, Ph.D., Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229. (M.H. Zeller)
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Wemm SE, Ernestus SM, Glanton Holzhauer C, Vaysman R, Wulfert E, Israel AC. Internalizing Risk Factors for College Students' Alcohol use: A Combined Person- and Variable-Centered Approach. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:629-640. [PMID: 28937921 PMCID: PMC6106781 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1355385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies that investigate internalizing problems (i.e., depression and anxiety symptoms) and alcohol use disorders use variable-centered approaches, losing important information about differences among individuals. OBJECTIVES To group college students by different profiles of alcohol-use risk factors using a person-centered cluster analysis in two separate samples. METHODS Questionnaires were used in both studies to assess positive expectancies regarding alcohol use, coping motives for alcohol use, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. In the first study (2012), we collected information about past month alcohol use, including frequency and binge drinking episode (n = 171). In the second study (2013), we also included measures of externalizing behaviors and negative alcohol-related consequences (n = 526). RESULTS In Study 1, the cluster analysis identified four groups of students who displayed different patterns of risk: a low-risk group, moderate cognitions/low internalizing cluster, a high internalizing/low coping motives group of drinkers, and a high internalizing/high coping motives cluster of drinkers. This fourth group showed high levels of depression, moderate anxiety, high positive expectancies and coping motives for alcohol use, and reported the highest frequency of alcohol use. Study 2 replicated the findings from the previous study. Three groups of individuals were identified, replicating the low-risk cluster, the moderate cognitions/low internalizing cluster, and the internalizing cluster of drinkers from Study 1. Participants in the latter cluster endorsed the highest number of negative consequences of alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Results from both studies highlight the importance of tailoring alcohol abuse prevention efforts to a subgroup young adult who endorse internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Wemm
- a Department of Psychiatry , Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut , USA
| | - Stephanie M Ernestus
- b Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Cathryn Glanton Holzhauer
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Renata Vaysman
- d New York Police Department , New York , New York , USA
| | - Edelgard Wulfert
- e Psychology Department , University at Albany State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
| | - Allen C Israel
- e Psychology Department , University at Albany State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
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Boisvert I, Boislard MA, Poulin F. Early Sexual Onset and Alcohol Use and Misuse From Adolescence Into Young Adulthood. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:514-520. [PMID: 28732719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the longitudinal association between early first heterosexual intercourse (e.g., intercourse before the age of 15 years) and alcohol use during adolescence and young adulthood. This study sought to determine whether early first heterosexual intercourse is associated with (1) frequency of alcohol use at age 16 years, (2) changes in alcohol use from ages 16 to 22 years, and (3) alcohol misuse at age 22 years, while controlling for alcohol use, antisocial behavior, pubertal timing, and parental monitoring in early adolescence. METHODS A sample of 289 participants (63% female) was surveyed annually from ages 12 to 22 years. RESULTS Latent growth curve modeling indicated that youth who experienced an early first heterosexual intercourse report a higher frequency of alcohol use at age 16 years compared with those who have experienced their first heterosexual intercourse at an "on-time" age. However, timing of first heterosexual intercourse was not related to growth in frequency of alcohol use over time. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that experiencing an early first heterosexual intercourse predicted problematic alcohol use at age 22 years (β = .153, p = .027). These results were found while controlling for confounding individual- and family factor-level variables. CONCLUSIONS The effect of early first heterosexual intercourse on adolescent alcohol use appears to be long lasting and is associated with a more problematic use of this substance in young adulthood. Further research should be conducted to uncover the developmental processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Boisvert
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Marie-Aude Boislard
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Poulin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Farmer RF, Seeley JR, Kosty DB, Gau JM, Duncan SC, Sher KJ, Lewinsohn PM. No Reliable Evidence That Emotional Disorders Are Proximal Antecedents, Concomitants, or Short-Term Consequences of First Episode Alcohol Use Disorders in a Representative Community Sample. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 78:222-231. [PMID: 28317502 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional disorders and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) frequently demonstrate significant 12-month and lifetime comorbid associations. This comorbidity has been incorporated into influential theories of addiction processes that posit direct or indirect causal associations between these disorder categories. There is currently no consensus, however, about the sequencing of these disorders. In this research, longitudinal data from a regionally representative community sample were used to evaluate whether emotional disorders constitute a proximal antecedent, concomitant, or short-term consequence of first episode (or index) AUDs. METHOD Participants were 131 persons with index AUD episodes lasting 12 months or more and 131 matched controls. For each participant with an AUD, the presence or absence of an emotional disorder was coded for three time intervals: (a) the 12 months preceding full syndrome AUD episode onset; (b) the last 12 months of the AUD episode; and (c) the 12 months following complete symptom AUD episode offset. These intervals, referenced to participant age, were matched to those of control participants, and emotional disorder rate comparisons subsequently performed both within and between groups. RESULTS Findings indicated an absence of significant within- or between-subject differences in emotional disorder rates, suggesting that the association between AUDs and emotional disorders is neither directional nor systematic. There was also no indication that the length of the AUD episode increased risk for an emotional disorder in the year following AUD offset. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this research suggests that emotional disorders are generally independent events in relation to the index AUD episode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John R Seeley
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon.,Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | | | - Jeff M Gau
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon
| | | | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
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Abstract
Adolescence is a period marked by increases in risk taking, sensation seeking, and emotion dysregulation. Neurobiological models of adolescent development propose that lagging development in brain regions associated with affect and behavior control compared to regions associated with reward and emotion processing may underlie these behavioral manifestations. Cross-sectional studies have identified several functional brain networks that may contribute to risk for substance use and psychopathology in adolescents. Determining brain structure measures that prospectively predict substance use and psychopathology could refine our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to these problems, and lead to improved prevention efforts. Participants (N = 265) were healthy substance-naïve adolescents (ages 12-14) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging and then were followed annually for up to 13 years. Cortical thickness and surface area measures for three prefrontal regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex) and three cortical regions from identified functional networks (anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and parietal cortex) were used to predict subsequent binge drinking, externalizing symptoms, and internalizing symptoms. Thinner dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal cortex in early adolescence predicted more binge drinking and externalizing symptoms, respectively, in late adolescence (ps < .05). Having a family history of alcohol use disorder predicted more subsequent binge drinking and externalizing symptoms. Thinner parietal cortex, but not family history, predicted more subsequent internalizing symptoms (p < .05). This study emphasizes the temporal association between maturation of the salience, inhibition, and executive control networks in early adolescence and late adolescent behavior outcomes. Our findings indicate that developmental variations in these brain regions predate behavioral outcomes of substance use and psychopathology, and may therefore serve as prospective biomarkers of vulnerability.
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