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Mahgoub TM, Jordan EJ, Mahdi AF, Oettl V, Huefner S, O'Donovan N, Crown J, Collins DM. Evaluation of ABT-751, a novel anti-mitotic agent able to overcome multi-drug resistance, in melanoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 93:427-437. [PMID: 38226983 PMCID: PMC11043045 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drug efflux transporter associated multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a potential limitation in the use of taxane chemotherapies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. ABT-751 is an orally bioavailable microtubule-binding agent capable of overcoming MDR and proposed as an alternative to taxane-based therapies. METHODS This study compares ABT-751 to taxanes in vitro, utilizing seven melanoma cell line models, publicly available gene expression and drug sensitivity databases, a lung cancer cell line model of MDR drug efflux transporter overexpression (DLKP-A), and drug efflux transporter ATPase assays. RESULTS Melanoma cell lines exhibit a low but variable protein and RNA expression of drug efflux transporters P-gp, BCRP, and MDR3. Expression of P-gp and MDR3 correlates with sensitivity to taxanes, but not to ABT-751. The anti-proliferative IC50 profile of ABT-751 was higher than the taxanes docetaxel and paclitaxel in the melanoma cell line panel, but fell within clinically achievable parameters. ABT-751 IC50 was not impacted by P-gp-overexpression in DKLP-A cells, which display strong resistance to the P-gp substrate taxanes compared to DLKP parental controls. The addition of ABT-751 to paclitaxel treatment significantly decreased cell proliferation, suggesting some reversal of MDR. ATPase activity assays suggest that ABT-751 is a potential BCRP substrate, with the ability to inhibit P-gp ATPase activity. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that ABT-751 is active against melanoma cell lines and models of MDR at physiologically relevant concentrations, it inhibits P-gp ATPase activity, and it may be a BCRP and/or MDR3 substrate. ABT-751 warrants further investigation alone or in tandem with other drug efflux transporter inhibitors for hard-to-treat MDR melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir M Mahgoub
- Cancer Biotherapeutics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Emmet J Jordan
- Cancer Biotherapeutics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Amira F Mahdi
- Cancer Biotherapeutics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Veronika Oettl
- Cancer Biotherapeutics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stefanie Huefner
- Cancer Biotherapeutics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Norma O'Donovan
- Cancer Biotherapeutics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- Cancer Biotherapeutics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Denis M Collins
- Cancer Biotherapeutics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Pleskač P, Fargeas CA, Veselska R, Corbeil D, Skoda J. Emerging roles of prominin-1 (CD133) in the dynamics of plasma membrane architecture and cell signaling pathways in health and disease. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:41. [PMID: 38532366 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prominin-1 (CD133) is a cholesterol-binding membrane glycoprotein selectively associated with highly curved and prominent membrane structures. It is widely recognized as an antigenic marker of stem cells and cancer stem cells and is frequently used to isolate them from biological and clinical samples. Recent progress in understanding various aspects of CD133 biology in different cell types has revealed the involvement of CD133 in the architecture and dynamics of plasma membrane protrusions, such as microvilli and cilia, including the release of extracellular vesicles, as well as in various signaling pathways, which may be regulated in part by posttranslational modifications of CD133 and its interactions with a variety of proteins and lipids. Hence, CD133 appears to be a master regulator of cell signaling as its engagement in PI3K/Akt, Src-FAK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/Smad and MAPK/ERK pathways may explain its broad action in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration or intercellular communication. Here, we summarize early studies on CD133, as they are essential to grasp its novel features, and describe recent evidence demonstrating that this unique molecule is involved in membrane dynamics and molecular signaling that affects various facets of tissue homeostasis and cancer development. We hope this review will provide an informative resource for future efforts to elucidate the details of CD133's molecular function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pleskač
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christine A Fargeas
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jan Skoda
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Al Hmada Y, Brodell RT, Kharouf N, Flanagan TW, Alamodi AA, Hassan SY, Shalaby H, Hassan SL, Haikel Y, Megahed M, Santourlidis S, Hassan M. Mechanisms of Melanoma Progression and Treatment Resistance: Role of Cancer Stem-like Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:470. [PMID: 38275910 PMCID: PMC10814963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the third most common type of skin cancer, characterized by its heterogeneity and propensity to metastasize to distant organs. Melanoma is a heterogeneous tumor, composed of genetically divergent subpopulations, including a small fraction of melanoma-initiating cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and many non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs). CSCs are characterized by their unique surface proteins associated with aberrant signaling pathways with a causal or consequential relationship with tumor progression, drug resistance, and recurrence. Melanomas also harbor significant alterations in functional genes (BRAF, CDKN2A, NRAS, TP53, and NF1). Of these, the most common are the BRAF and NRAS oncogenes, with 50% of melanomas demonstrating the BRAF mutation (BRAFV600E). While the successful targeting of BRAFV600E does improve overall survival, the long-term efficacy of available therapeutic options is limited due to adverse side effects and reduced clinical efficacy. Additionally, drug resistance develops rapidly via mechanisms involving fast feedback re-activation of MAPK signaling pathways. This article updates information relevant to the mechanisms of melanoma progression and resistance and particularly the mechanistic role of CSCs in melanoma progression, drug resistance, and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Al Hmada
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.A.H.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Robert T. Brodell
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.A.H.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas W. Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Abdulhadi A. Alamodi
- College of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, 310 W Woodrow Wilson Ave Ste 300, Jackson, MS 39213, USA;
| | - Sofie-Yasmin Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Hosam Shalaby
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Sarah-Lilly Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mosaad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Epigenetics Core Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory of Surgery-Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Karbanová J, Deniz IA, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, de Sousa Couto RA, Fargeas CA, Santos MF, Lorico A, Corbeil D. Extracellular lipidosomes containing lipid droplets and mitochondria are released during melanoma cell division. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:57. [PMID: 38243233 PMCID: PMC10799373 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of melanoma is increasing worldwide. Since metastatic melanoma is highly aggressive, it is important to decipher all the biological aspects of melanoma cells. In this context, we have previously shown that metastatic FEMX-I melanoma cells release small (< 150 nm) extracellular vesicles (EVs) known as exosomes and ectosomes containing the stem (and cancer stem) cell antigenic marker CD133. EVs play an important role in intercellular communication, which could have a micro-environmental impact on surrounding tissues. RESULTS We report here a new type of large CD133+ EVs released by FEMX-I cells. Their sizes range from 2 to 6 µm and they contain lipid droplets and mitochondria. Real-time video microscopy revealed that these EVs originate from the lipid droplet-enriched cell extremities that did not completely retract during the cell division process. Once released, they can be taken up by other cells. Silencing CD133 significantly affected the cellular distribution of lipid droplets, with a re-localization around the nuclear compartment. As a result, the formation of large EVs containing lipid droplets was severely compromised. CONCLUSION Given the biochemical effect of lipid droplets and mitochondria and/or their complexes on cell metabolism, the release and uptake of these new large CD133+ EVs from dividing aggressive melanoma cells can influence both donor and recipient cells, and therefore impact melanoma growth and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Ilker A Deniz
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Rita Alexandra de Sousa Couto
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto, 4169-005, Portugal
| | - Christine A Fargeas
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Mark F Santos
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA.
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
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Boudreault J, Wang N, Ghozlan M, Lebrun JJ. Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad Signaling Inhibits Melanoma Cancer Stem Cell Self-Renewal, Tumor Formation and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:224. [PMID: 38201651 PMCID: PMC10778361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The secreted protein transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) plays essential roles, ranging from cell growth regulation and cell differentiation in both normal and cancer cells. In melanoma, TGFβ acts as a potent tumor suppressor in melanoma by blocking cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. In the present study, we found TGFβ to regulate cancer stemness in melanoma through the Smad signaling pathway. We discovered that TGFβ/Smad signaling inhibits melanosphere formation in multiple melanoma cell lines and reduces expression of the CD133+ cancer stem cell subpopulation in a Smad3-dependent manner. Using preclinical models of melanoma, we further showed that preventing Smad3/4 signaling, by means of CRISPR knockouts, promoted both tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in vivo. Collectively, our results define new functions for the TGFβ/Smad signaling axis in melanoma stem-cell maintenance and open avenues for new therapeutic approaches to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- Cancer Research Program, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QU H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.B.); (N.W.); (M.G.)
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Pronoy TUH, Islam F, Gopalan V, Lam AKY. Surface Markers for the Identification of Cancer Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2777:51-69. [PMID: 38478335 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3730-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells have genetic and functional characteristics which can turn them resistant to standard cancer therapeutic targets. Identification of these cells is challenging and is done mainly by detecting the expression of antigens specific to stem cells. Currently, there is a significant number of surface markers available which can detect cancer stem cells by directly targeting the specific antigens present in cells. These markers possess differential expression patterns and sub-localizations in cancer stem cells compared to nonneoplastic and somatic cells. In addition to these biomarkers, multiple analytical methods and techniques, including functional assays, cell sorting, filtration approaches, and xenotransplantation methods, are used to identify cancer stem cells. This chapter will overview the functional significance of cancer stem cells, their biological correlations, specific markers, and detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasfik Ul Haque Pronoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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Puppo M, Valluru MK, Croset M, Ceresa D, Iuliani M, Khan A, Wicinski J, Charafe-Jauffret E, Ginestier C, Pantano F, Ottewell PD, Clézardin P. MiR-662 is associated with metastatic relapse in early-stage breast cancer and promotes metastasis by stimulating cancer cell stemness. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:754-771. [PMID: 37443350 PMCID: PMC10449914 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) metastasis, which often occurs in bone, contributes substantially to mortality. MicroRNAs play a fundamental role in BC metastasis, although microRNA-regulated mechanisms driving metastasis progression remain poorly understood. METHODS MiRome analysis in serum from BC patients was performed by TaqMan™ low-density array. MiR-662 was overexpressed following MIMIC-transfection or lentivirus transduction. Animal models were used to investigate the role of miR-662 in BC (bone) metastasis. The effect of miR-662-overexpressing BC cell conditioned medium on osteoclastogenesis was investigated. ALDEFLUOR assays were performed to study BC stemness. RNA-sequencing transcriptomic analysis of miR-662-overexpressing BC cells was performed to evaluate gene expression changes. RESULTS High levels of hsa-miR-662 (miR-662) in serum from BC patients, at baseline (time of surgery), were associated with future recurrence in bone. At an early-stage of the metastatic disease, miR-662 could mask the presence of BC metastases in bone by inhibiting the differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Nonetheless, metastatic miR-662-overexpressing BC cells then progressed as overt osteolytic metastases thanks to increased stem cell-like traits. CONCLUSIONS MiR-662 is involved in BC metastasis progression, suggesting it may be used as a prognostic marker to identify BC patients at high risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Puppo
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France.
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Manoj Kumar Valluru
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Martine Croset
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69008, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Davide Ceresa
- IRCCS AOU San Martino, Università degli studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Iuliani
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Ashrin Khan
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Julien Wicinski
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Ginestier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Marseille, France
| | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Penelope Dawn Ottewell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France.
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69008, Lyon, France.
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Lv S, Liu Y, Xie C, Xue C, Du S, Yao J. Emerging role of interactions between tumor angiogenesis and cancer stem cells. J Control Release 2023; 360:468-481. [PMID: 37391031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are two major hallmarks of solid tumors. They have long received attention for their critical roles in tumor progression, metastasis and recurrence. Meanwhile, plenty of evidence indicates the close association between CSCs and tumor vasculature. CSCs are proven to promote tumor angiogenesis, and the highly vascularized tumor microenvironment further maintains CSCs growth in return, thereby forming a hard-breaking vicious circle to promote tumor development. Hence, though monotherapy targeting tumor vasculature or CSCs has been extensively studied over the past decades, the poor prognosis has been limiting the clinical application. This review summarizes the crosstalk between tumor vasculature and CSCs with emphasis on small-molecule compounds and the associated biological signaling pathways. We also highlight the importance of linking tumor vessels to CSCs to disrupt the CSCs-angiogenesis vicious circle. More precise treatment regimens targeting tumor vasculature and CSCs are expected to benefit future tumor treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Changheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shi Du
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Nairuz T, Mahmud Z, Manik RK, Kabir Y. Cancer stem cells: an insight into the development of metastatic tumors and therapy resistance. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10529-x. [PMID: 37129728 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The term "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) refers to cancer cells that exhibit traits parallel to normal stem cells, namely the potential to give rise to every type of cell identified in a tumor microenvironment. It has been found that CSCs usually develops from other neoplastic cells or non-cancerous somatic cells by acquiring stemness and malignant characteristics through particular genetic modifications. A trivial number of CSCs, identified in solid and liquid cancer, can give rise to an entire tumor population with aggressive anticancer drug resistance, metastasis, and invasiveness. Besides, cancer stem cells manipulate their intrinsic and extrinsic features, regulate the metabolic pattern of the cell, adjust efflux-influx efficiency, modulate different signaling pathways, block apoptotic signals, and cause genetic and epigenetic alterations to retain their pluripotency and ability of self-renewal. Notably, to keep the cancer stem cells' ability to become malignant cells, mesenchymal stem cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, etc., interact with one another. Furthermore, CSCs are characterized by the expression of particular molecular markers that carry significant diagnostic and prognostic significance. Because of this, scientific research on CSCs is becoming increasingly imperative, intending to understand the traits and behavior of cancer stem cells and create more potent anticancer therapeutics to fight cancer at the CSC level. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the critical role of CSCs in the onset and spread of cancer and the characteristics of CSCs that promote severe resistance to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Nairuz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rasel Khan Manik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Yearul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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Lionetti MC, Fumagalli MR, La Porta CAM. Nuclear Biophysical Changes during Human Melanoma Plasticity. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 213:120-132. [PMID: 36509081 DOI: 10.1159/000528601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor plasticity is an emerging property of tumor cells which allows them to change their phenotype in dependence on the environment. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition plays a crucial role in helping cells acquire a more aggressive phenotype when they are in the mesenchymal state. Herein, we investigated the biophysical changes occurring during phenotypic switching in human melanoma cells, considering the blebbiness of the nuclei, their stiffness, and the involvement of polycombs with lamins. We show that the formation of cellular heterogeneity involves many crucial nuclear changes including the interaction between different types of polycombs with lamins and chromosome accessibility. Altogether, our results shed new light on the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of a heterogeneous cell population during phenotypic switching. In particular, our results show that phenotypic switching in melanoma involves chromatin remodeling changing the transcriptional activity of cells and consequently their phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Fumagalli
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Biophysics Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina A M La Porta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Biophysics Institute, Genoa, Italy
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11
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In Vitro Photodynamic Treatment Modality for A375 Melanoma Cell Line Using a Sulphonated Aluminum Phthalocyanine Chloride-Photosensitizer-Gold Nanoparticle Conjugate. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112474. [PMID: 36432665 PMCID: PMC9696044 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma cancer stem cells are subpopulations that have been identified and linked to tumor progression, immunoevasive behavior, drug resistance, and metastasis, leading to a poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approach to eradicate cancer through a photochemical process which directly generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigated the impact of PDT using an aluminum phthalocyanine gold nanoparticle (AlPcS4Cl-AuNP) conjugate for targeting melanoma stem cells. The isolated stem cells were irradiated at 673.2 nm with a radiant exposure of 5 J/cm2. Post-irradiation signs of cell death were determined using microscopy and biochemical assays. A possible enhanced effect of ROS in inducing cell death could be seen when AlPcS4Cl was conjugated to AuNPs. Nanoparticles as carriers promote the efficient cellular uptake of photosensitizers, enhancing organelle accumulation and the targeted therapy of cancerous cells. A biochemical assay revealed significant post-irradiation signs of cell death. The measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content revealed a decrease in cell proliferation. The study suggested an approach directed at expanding the knowledge on PDT to improve cancer treatment. Understanding the cell death mechanism through which ROS influence cancer stem cells (CSCs) is, therefore, useful for improving PDT efficiency and preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis.
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12
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Hajimoradi Javarsiani M, Sajedianfard J, Haghjooy Javanmard S. The effects of metformin on the hippo pathway in the proliferation of melanoma cancer cells: a preclinical study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1150-1155. [PMID: 32407182 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1760304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
YAP and TAZ, two closely related transcriptional regulators, have crucial roles in tissue repair upon injury, organ size control, and cancer treatment. Some drugs, such as metformin, that alter cell metabolism can play a role in the regulation of the Hippo pathway. The cells were treated with various concentrations of metformin, dacarbazine (IC50), and both of them. The evaluation of the biomarker and proteins was performed by FACS and immunoblotting, respectively. Cell viability was reduced by 50% after 24 h. Data showed that metformin treatment down-regulated YAP and TAZ (p = .002) expressions and enhanced YAP phosphorylation (p < .001). Metformin, alone and in combination, inhibited the growth and viability of melanoma cells in vitro. The increase in the phosphorylation of YAP renders it a potential target in the development of anticancer drugs. This study showed the effects of metformin on the inhibition of oncogenic YAP and TAZ in the proliferation of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javad Sajedianfard
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shagayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Buccarelli M, Castellani G, Ricci-Vitiani L. Glioblastoma-Specific Strategies of Vascularization: Implications in Anti-Angiogenic Therapy Resistance. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101625. [PMID: 36294763 PMCID: PMC9604754 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has long been implicated as a crucial process in GBM growth and progression. GBM can adopt several strategies to build up its abundant and aberrant vasculature. Targeting GBM angiogenesis has gained more and more attention in anti-cancer therapy, and many strategies have been developed to interfere with this hallmark. However, recent findings reveal that the effects of anti-angiogenic treatments are temporally limited and that tumors become refractory to therapy and more aggressive. In this review, we summarize the GBM-associated neovascularization processes and their implication in drug resistance mechanisms underlying the transient efficacy of current anti-angiogenic therapies. Moreover, we describe potential strategies and perspectives to overcome the mechanisms adopted by GBM to develop resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy as new potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Castellani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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14
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Cecchi M, Mannini A, Lapucci A, Silvano A, Lulli M, Luceri C, D’Ambrosio M, Chiarugi A, Eid AH, Parenti A. Dexamethasone Promotes a Stem-Like Phenotype in Human Melanoma Cells via Tryptophan 2,3 Dioxygenase. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:911019. [PMID: 35847038 PMCID: PMC9280025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.911019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its well-established immunosuppressive actions, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) appears to elicit direct effects on tumor cell function. Although TDO has been associated with cancer stemness, its involvement in melanoma stem cell biology remains largely unknown. Since we showed that by upregulating TDO, dexamethasone (dex) promotes proliferation and migration of SK-Mel-28 human melanoma cells, we sought to investigate dex effects on melanoma spherogenesis and stemness, and whether these events are mediated by TDO. We demonstrate here that dex significantly upregulates TDO in A375, a more aggressive melanoma cell line, confirming that dex effects are not limited to SK-Mel-28 cells. Moreover, dex stimulates spherogenesis of both cell lines, which is mediated by TDO, evident by its suppression with 680C91, a TDO inhibitor. The formed melanospheres appear to be enriched with embryonic stem cell marker mRNAs, the expression of which is potentiated by dex. Expression of cancer stem cell markers (CD133, CD44, ganglioside GD2) was significantly increased in A375 spheres, as detected by flow cytometry. Taken together, our results suggest that TDO could represent a promising target in the management of melanoma and that dex, routinely used as a co-medication also in advanced melanoma, may stimulate melanoma cell function/tumor-supporting properties, a rather debilitating and undesired side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cecchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Mannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Silvano
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario D’Ambrosio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Qatar University, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Ali H. Eid, ; Astrid Parenti,
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ali H. Eid, ; Astrid Parenti,
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15
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Ng MF, Simmons JL, Boyle GM. Heterogeneity in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14123030. [PMID: 35740696 PMCID: PMC9221188 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that tumour heterogeneity has an imperative role in cancer development, evolution and resistance to therapy. Continuing advancements in biomedical research enable tumour heterogeneity to be observed and studied more critically. As one of the most heterogeneous human cancers, melanoma displays a high level of biological complexity during disease progression. However, much is still unknown regarding melanoma tumour heterogeneity, as well as the role it plays in disease progression and treatment response. This review aims to provide a concise summary of the importance of tumour heterogeneity in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fong Ng
- Cancer Drug Mechanisms Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (M.F.N.); (J.L.S.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jacinta L. Simmons
- Cancer Drug Mechanisms Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (M.F.N.); (J.L.S.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Glen M. Boyle
- Cancer Drug Mechanisms Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (M.F.N.); (J.L.S.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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16
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Novel Epoxides of Soloxolone Methyl: An Effect of the Formation of Oxirane Ring and Stereoisomerism on Cytotoxic Profile, Anti-Metastatic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116214. [PMID: 35682893 PMCID: PMC9181525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that epoxide-bearing compounds display pronounced pharmacological activities, and the epoxidation of natural metabolites can be a promising strategy to improve their bioactivity. Here, we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of biological properties of αO-SM and βO-SM, novel epoxides of soloxolone methyl (SM), a cyanoenone-bearing derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid. We demonstrated that the replacement of a double-bound within the cyanoenone pharmacophore group of SM with α- and β-epoxide moieties did not abrogate the high antitumor and anti-inflammatory potentials of the triterpenoid. It was found that novel SM epoxides induced the death of tumor cells at low micromolar concentrations (IC50(24h) = 0.7–4.1 µM) via the induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, reinforced intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin in B16 melanoma cells, probably by direct interaction with key drug efflux pumps (P-glycoprotein, MRP1, MXR1), and the suppressed pro-metastatic phenotype of B16 cells, effectively inhibiting their metastasis in a murine model. Moreover, αO-SM and βO-SM hampered macrophage functionality in vitro (motility, NO production) and significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced peritonitis in vivo. Furthermore, the effect of the stereoisomerism of SM epoxides on the mentioned bioactivities and toxic profiles of these compounds in vivo were evaluated. Considering the comparable antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of SM epoxides with SM and reference drugs (dacarbazine, dexamethasone), αO-SM and βO-SM can be considered novel promising antitumor and anti-inflammatory drug candidates.
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17
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Liu Y, Luan Y, Ma K, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Chen XL. ISL1 promotes human glioblastoma-derived stem cells self-renewal by activation of SHH/GLI1 function. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:258-268. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., China
| | - Kaige Ma
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., China
| | - Xin-lin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,
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18
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Heme Oxygenase-1 Has a Greater Effect on Melanoma Stem Cell Properties Than the Expression of Melanoma-Initiating Cell Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073596. [PMID: 35408953 PMCID: PMC8998882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma-initiating cells (MICs) contribute to the tumorigenicity and heterogeneity of melanoma. MICs are identified by surface and functional markers and have been shown to display cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. However, the existence of MICs that follow the hierarchical CSC model has been questioned by studies showing that single unselected melanoma cells are highly tumorigenic in xenotransplantation assays. Herein, we characterize cells expressing MIC markers (CD20, CD24, CD133, Sca-1, ABCB1, ABCB5, ALDHhigh) in the B16-F10 murine melanoma cell line. We use flow cytometric phenotyping, single-cell sorting followed by in vitro clonogenic assays, and syngeneic in vivo serial transplantation assays to demonstrate that the expression of MIC markers does not select CSC-like cells in this cell line. Previously, our group showed that heme-degrading enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can be upregulated in melanoma and increase its aggressiveness. Here, we show that HO-1 activity is important for non-adherent growth of melanoma and HO-1 overexpression enhances the vasculogenic mimicry potential, which can be considered protumorigenic activity. However, HO-1 overexpression decreases clone formation in vitro and serial tumor initiation in vivo. Thus, HO-1 plays a dual role in melanoma, improving the progression of growing tumors but reducing the risk of melanoma initiation.
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19
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Otaegi-Ugartemendia M, Matheu A, Carrasco-Garcia E. Impact of Cancer Stem Cells on Therapy Resistance in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061457. [PMID: 35326607 PMCID: PMC8946717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an average 5-year survival rate of 32%, being of 6% for patients presenting distant metastasis. Despite the advances made in the treatment of GC, chemoresistance phenomena arise and promote recurrence, dissemination and dismal prognosis. In this context, gastric cancer stem cells (gCSCs), a small subset of cancer cells that exhibit unique characteristics, are decisive in therapy failure. gCSCs develop different protective mechanisms, such as the maintenance in a quiescent state as well as enhanced detoxification procedures and drug efflux activity, that make them insusceptible to current treatments. This, together with their self-renewal capacity and differentiation ability, represents major obstacles for the eradication of this disease. Different gCSC regulators have been described and used to isolate and characterize these cell populations. However, at the moment, no therapeutic strategy has achieved the effective targeting of gCSCs. This review will focus on the properties of cancer stem cells in the context of therapy resistance and will summarize current knowledge regarding the impact of the gCSC regulators that have been associated with GC chemoradioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.O.-U.); (A.M.)
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.O.-U.); (A.M.)
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-943-006296
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20
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Amalinei C, Grigoraș A, Lozneanu L, Căruntu ID, Giușcă SE, Balan RA. The Interplay between Tumour Microenvironment Components in Malignant Melanoma. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030365. [PMID: 35334544 PMCID: PMC8953474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has shown an increasing incidence during the last two decades, exhibiting a large spectrum of locations and clinicopathological characteristics. Although current histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods provide a deep insight into its biological behaviour and outcome, melanoma is still an unpredictable disease, with poor outcome. This review of the literature is aimed at updating the knowledge regarding melanoma’s clinicopathological and molecular hallmarks, including its heterogeneity and plasticity, involving cancer stem cells population. A special focus is given on the interplay between different cellular components and their secretion products in melanoma, considering its contribution to tumour progression, invasion, metastasis, recurrences, and resistance to classical therapy. Furthermore, the influences of the specific tumour microenvironment or “inflammasome”, its association with adipose tissue products, including the release of “extracellular vesicles”, and distinct microbiota are currently studied, considering their influences on diagnosis and prognosis. An insight into melanoma’s particular features may reveal new molecular pathways which may be exploited in order to develop innovative therapeutic approaches or tailored therapy.
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21
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Identification, Culture and Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020184. [PMID: 35207472 PMCID: PMC8879966 DOI: 10.3390/life12020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance, tumor progression, and metastasis are features that are frequently seen in cancer that have been associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells are a promising target in the future of cancer therapy but remain largely unknown. Deregulation of pathways that govern stemness in non-tumorigenic stem cells (SCs), such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways, has been described in CSC pathogenesis, but it is necessary to conduct further studies to discover potential new therapeutic targets. In addition, some markers for the identification and characterization of CSCs have been suggested, but the search for specific CSC markers in many cancer types is still under development. In addition, methods for CSC cultivation are also under development, with great heterogeneity existing in the protocols used. This review focuses on the most recent aspects of the identification, characterization, cultivation, and targeting of human CSCs, highlighting the advances achieved in the clinical implementation of therapies targeting CSCs and remarking those potential areas where more research is still required.
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22
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In Vivo Melanoma Cell Morphology Reflects Molecular Signature and Tumor Aggressiveness. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2205-2216.e6. [PMID: 35007555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer, characterized by high cellular heterogeneity which contributes to therapy resistance and unpredictable disease outcome. Recently, by correlating Reflectance-Confocal-Microscopy (RCM) morphology with histopathological type, we identified four distinct melanoma-subtypes: dendritic-cell (DC), round-cell (RC), dermal-nest (DN), and combined-type (CT) melanomas. In the present study, each RCM-melanoma subtype expressed a specific biomolecular profile and biological behavior in vitro. Markers of tumor aggressiveness, including Ki67, MERTK, nestin and stemness markers, were highest in the most invasive CT and DN melanomas, as compared to DC and RC. This was also confirmed in multicellular tumor spheroids. Transcriptomic analysis showed a modulation of cancer progression-associated genes from DC to CT melanomas. The switch from E- to N-cadherin expression proved the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition from DC to CT subtypes. The DN melanoma was predominantly located in the dermis, as also shown in skin reconstructs. It displayed a unique behavior and a molecular profile associated with a high degree of aggressiveness. Altogether, our results demonstrate that each RCM-melanoma subtype has a distinct biological and gene expression profile, related to tumor aggressiveness, confirming that RCM can be a dependable tool for in vivo detecting different types of melanoma and for early diagnostic screening.
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23
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Gorczyca G, Wartalski K, Wiater J, Samiec M, Tabarowski Z, Duda M. Anabolic Steroids-Driven Regulation of Porcine Ovarian Putative Stem Cells Favors the Onset of Their Neoplastic Transformation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111800. [PMID: 34769230 PMCID: PMC8583785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nandrolone (Ndn) and boldenone (Bdn), the synthetic testosterone analogues with strong anabolic effects, despite being recognized as potentially carcinogenic compounds, are commonly abused by athletes and bodybuilders, which includes women, worldwide. This study tested the hypothesis that different doses of Ndn and Bdn can initiate neoplastic transformation of porcine ovarian putative stem cells (poPSCs). Immunomagnetically isolated poPSCs were expanded ex vivo in the presence of Ndn or Bdn, for 7 and 14 days. Results show that pharmacological doses of both Ndn and Bdn, already after 7 days of poPSCs culture, caused a significant increase of selected, stemness-related markers of cancer cells: CD44 and CD133. Notably, Ndn also negatively affected poPSCs growth not only by suppressing their proliferation and mitochondrial respiration but also by inducing apoptosis. This observation shows, for the first time, that chronic exposure to Ndn or Bdn represents a precondition that might enhance risk of poPSCs neoplastic transformation. These studies carried out to accomplish detailed molecular characterization of the ex vivo expanded poPSCs and their potentially cancerous derivatives (PCDs) might be helpful to determine their suitability as nuclear donor cells (NDCs) for further investigations focused on cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Such investigations might also be indispensable to estimate the capabilities of nuclear genomes inherited from poPSCs and their PCDs to be epigenetically reprogrammed (dedifferentiated) in cloned pig embryos generated by SCNT. This might open up new possibilities for biomedical research aimed at more comprehensively recognizing genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying not only tumorigenesis but also reversal/retardation of pro-tumorigenic intracellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gorczyca
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Kamil Wartalski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jerzy Wiater
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Marcin Samiec
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice near Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Zbigniew Tabarowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Duda
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.D.)
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24
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Canine Natural Killer Cell-Derived Exosomes Exhibit Antitumor Activity in a Mouse Model of Canine Mammary Tumor. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6690704. [PMID: 34527741 PMCID: PMC8437631 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6690704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are key immune cells engaged in fighting infection and malignant transformation. In this study, we found that canine NK cell-derived exosomes (NK-exosomes) separated from activated cytotoxic NK cell supernatants express specific markers including CD63, CD81, Alix, HSP70, TSG101, Perforin 1, and Granzyme B. We examined the antitumor effects of NK-exosomes in an experimental murine mammary tumor model using REM134 canine mammary carcinoma cell line. We observed changes in tumor size, tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence-related markers in the control, tumor group, and NK-exosome-treated tumor group. We found that the tumor size in the NK-exosome-treated tumor group decreased compared with that of the tumor group in the REM134-driven tumorigenic mouse model. We observed significant changes including the expression of tumorigenesis-related markers, such as B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1 (Bmi-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metallopeptidase-3 (MMP-3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), multidrug resistance protein (MDR), tumor suppressor protein p53 (p53), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and the apoptotic markers, B cell lymphoma-2 associated X (Bax) and B cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) belonging to the Bcl-2 family, in the tumor group compared with those in the control group. The expression of CD133, a potent cancer stem cell marker, was significantly higher than that of the control. By contrast, the NK-exosome-treated tumor group exhibited a significant reduction in Bmi-1, MMP-3, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Bax, Bcl-xL, and PCNA expression compared with that in the tumor group. Furthermore, the expression of CD133, which mediates tumorigenesis, was significantly decreased in the NK-exosome-treated tumor group compared with that in the tumor group. These findings indicate that canine NK-exosomes represent a promising therapeutic tool against canine solid tumors, including mammary carcinoma.
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25
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Silveira TL, Pang LY, Di Domenico A, Veloso ES, Silva ILD, Puerto HLD, Ferreria E, Argyle DJ. COX-2 Silencing in Canine Malignant Melanoma Inhibits Malignant Behaviour. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:633170. [PMID: 34513965 PMCID: PMC8427276 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.633170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a very aggressive form of cancer in both humans and dogs. Dogs primarily develop oral melanoma of mucosal origin. Although oral melanoma in humans is rare, both diseases are highly aggressive with frequent metastases. This disease represents a “One Health” opportunity to improve molecular and mechanistic understanding of melanoma progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may play a critical role in the malignant behaviour of melanoma. In this study we analysed 85 histologically confirmed melanomas from canine patients and showed that COX-2 is overexpressed in both oral and cutaneous melanomas and that COX-2 expression correlates with established markers of poor prognosis. To determine the role of COX-2 in melanoma we developed two melanoma cell lines with stable integration of an inducible doxycycline-regulated expression vector containing a COX-2 targeted micro-RNA (miRNA). Using this system, we showed that cellular proliferation, migration and invasion are COX-2 dependent, establishing a direct relationship between COX-2 expression and malignant behaviour in canine melanoma. We have also developed a powerful molecular tool to aid further dissection of the mechanisms by which COX-2 regulates melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiany L Silveira
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Y Pang
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Di Domenico
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emerson S Veloso
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Istéfani L D Silva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helen L Del Puerto
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreria
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - David J Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Colombani T, Eggermont LJ, Hatfield SM, Rogers ZJ, Rezaeeyazdi M, Memic A, Sitkovsky MV, Bencherif SA. Oxygen-Generating Cryogels Restore T Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity in Hypoxic Tumors. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2102234. [PMID: 37745940 PMCID: PMC10516343 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors are protected from antitumor immune responses due to their hypoxic microenvironments. Weakening hypoxia-driven immunosuppression by hyperoxic breathing of 60% oxygen has shown to be effective in unleashing antitumor immune cells against solid tumors. However, efficacy of systemic oxygenation is limited against solid tumors outside of lungs and has been associated with unwanted side effects. As a result, it is essential to develop targeted oxygenation alternatives to weaken tumor hypoxia as novel approaches to restore immune responses against cancer. Herein, we report on injectable oxygen-generating cryogels (O2-cryogels) to reverse tumor-induced hypoxia. These macroporous biomaterials were designed to locally deliver oxygen, inhibit the expression of hypoxia-inducible genes in hypoxic melanoma cells, and reduce the accumulation of immunosuppressive extracellular adenosine. Our data show that O2-cryogels enhance T cell-mediated secretion of cytotoxic proteins, restoring the killing ability of tumor-specific CTLs, both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, O2-cryogels provide a unique and safe platform to supply oxygen as a co-adjuvant in hypoxic tumors and have the potential to improve cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Loek J. Eggermont
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen M. Hatfield
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary J. Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Makkah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michail V. Sitkovsky
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), UTC CNRS UMR 7338, University of Technology of Compiègne, Sorbonne University, 60203 Compiègne, France
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Wang JQ, Wu ZX, Yang Y, Teng QX, Li YD, Lei ZN, Jani KA, Kaushal N, Chen ZS. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in cancer: A review of recent updates. J Evid Based Med 2021; 14:232-256. [PMID: 34388310 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is one of the largest membrane protein families existing in wide spectrum of organisms from prokaryotes to human. ABC transporters are also known as efflux pumps because they mediate the cross-membrane transportation of various endo- and xenobiotic molecules energized by ATP hydrolysis. Therefore, ABC transporters have been considered closely to multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer, where the efflux of structurally distinct chemotherapeutic drugs causes reduced itherapeutic efficacy. Besides, ABC transporters also play other critical biological roles in cancer such as signal transduction. During the past decades, extensive efforts have been made in understanding the structure-function relationship, transportation profile of ABC transporters, as well as the possibility to overcome MDR via targeting these transporters. In this review, we discuss the most recent knowledge regarding ABC transporters and cancer drug resistance in order to provide insights for the development of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Khushboo A Jani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Neeraj Kaushal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
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Shenouda S, Kulkarni K, Abuetabh Y, Sergi C. Cancer Stem Cells and their Management in Cancer Therapy. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:212-227. [PMID: 32660407 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200713145931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, the proposed Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) hypothesis has steadily changed the way cancer treatment is approached. CSCs may be the source of the heterogeneous non-tumorigenic cell population included in a neoplasm. Intratumor and intertumoral heterogeneity is a well-known phenomenon that massively entangles the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The literature seems to suggest that heterogeneity develops progressively within tumor-initiating stem cells. CSCs harbor genetic and/or epigenetic alterations that allow them to differentiate into multiple tumor cell types sequentially. OBJECTIVE The CSC hypothesis, cellular therapy, and the most recent patents on CSCs were reviewed. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were screened for this information. Also, an analysis of the most recent data targeting CSCs in pediatric cancer developed at two Canadian institutions is provided. The genes involved with the activation of CSCs and the drugs used to antagonize them are also highlighted. RESULTS It is underlined that (1) CSCs possess stem cell-like properties, including the ability for self-renewal; (2) CSCs can start carcinogenesis and are responsible for tumor recurrence after treatment; (3) Although some limitations have been raised, which may oppose the CSC hypothesis, cancer progression and metastasis have been recognized to be caused by CSCs. CONCLUSION The significant roles of cell therapy may include an auto-transplant with high-dose treatment, an improvement of the immune function, creation of chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and the recruitment of NK cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Shenouda
- Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ketan Kulkarni
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yasser Abuetabh
- Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Lee SG, Lee DG, Joo YH, Chung N. Synergistic inhibitory effects of the oxyresveratrol and dacarbazine combination against melanoma cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:667. [PMID: 34386089 PMCID: PMC8299023 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Various therapies have been developed to target malignant melanoma, which is associated with a high mortality rate worldwide. Although dacarbazine (DTIC) is employed for treating melanoma, it is associated with several side effects. Hence, patients with melanoma are co-treated with additional drugs to mitigate the side effects of DTIC. In the present study, synergistic therapeutic effects of the DTIC/oxyresveratrol (ORT) combination were examined using the human malignant melanoma WM-266-4 cell line. Treatment with ORT and DTIC inhibited the proliferation of WM-266-4 cells. Compared with those in the ORT- and DTIC-treated groups, the proportion of cells arrested at the S phase, as well as apoptotic rates, were increased in the ORT and DTIC co-treatment group. In WM-266-4 cells, synergistic proliferation-inhibitory activities of the ORT/DTIC combination were assessed based on cell viability and migration, antioxidant capacity, cytokine production, cell cycle arrest, apoptotic rate and protein expression through WST-1 assay, wound healing assay, flow cytometry and western blotting. Furthermore, the expression levels of proteins, including NOTCH, involved in the pathogenesis of solid cancers, such as melanoma, were examined. Overall, the ORT/DTIC combination synergistically promoted cell cycle arrest at the S phase and the apoptosis of WM-266-4 cells. Thus, this combination treatment may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gyu Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Joo
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhyun Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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30
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Zhang DY, Monteiro MJ, Liu JP, Gu WY. Mechanisms of cancer stem cell senescence: Current understanding and future perspectives. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1185-1202. [PMID: 34046925 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of heterogeneous tumor cells with the capacity of self-renewal and aberrant differentiation for immortality and divergent lineages of cancer cells. In contrast to bulky tumor cells, CSCs remain less differentiated and resistant to therapy even when targeted with tissue-specific antigenic markers. This makes CSCs responsible for not only tumor initiation, development, but also tumor recurrence. Emerging evidence suggests that CSCs can undergo cell senescence, a non-proliferative state of cells in response to stress. While cell senescence attenuates tumor cell proliferation, it is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressive mechanism. However, mounting research indicates that CSC senescence also provides these cells with the capacity to evade cytotoxic effects from cancer therapy, exacerbating cancer relapse and metastasis. Recent studies demonstrate that senescence drives reprogramming of cancer cell toward stemness and promotes CSC generation. In this review, we highlight the origin, heterogeneity and senescence regulatory mechanisms of CSCs, the complex relationship between CSC senescence and tumor therapy, and the recent beneficial effects of senotherapy on eliminating senescent tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, Vic, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Wen-Yi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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31
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Yin Q, Shi X, Lan S, Jin H, Wu D. Effect of melanoma stem cells on melanoma metastasis. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:566. [PMID: 34113394 PMCID: PMC8185701 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in the metastatic process, the resistance of many types of cancer to therapeutic treatments and consequently the onset of recurrences. The CSC concept therefore significantly extends our understanding of melanoma biology. More recently, melanoma stem cells (MSCs) have been described in melanoma as expressing specific biomarkers. These primitive melanoma cells are not only capable of self-renewal and differentiation plasticity, but may also confer virulence via immune evasion and multidrug resistance, and potentially, via vasculogenic mimicry and transition to migratory and metastasizing derivatives. This review will present the specific biomarkers of MSCs, including CD133, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5, CD271, CD20 and aldehyde dehydrogenase, which can regulate the transduction of tumor-related signals. These signal molecules can reversely act on tumor cells and regulate tumor angiogenesis, leading to the occurrence of melanoma metastasis. Targeting these specific biomarkers could inhibit the progression of melanoma and may help the development of novel therapeutic strategies for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Yin
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiumin Shi
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Lan
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haofan Jin
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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32
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Korn P, Kampmann A, Spalthoff S, Jehn P, Tavassol F, Lentge F, Gellrich NC, Zimmerer R. Suitability of CD133 as a Marker for Cancer Stem Cells in Melanoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1591-1597. [PMID: 34048190 PMCID: PMC8408398 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.5.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: CD133 is considered a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in various malignancies; however, its role as a biomarker of malignant melanoma remains controversial. The present study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of CD133 surface antigen as a CSC marker in melanoma. Methods: Human melanoma cells were fractionally separated by magnetic cell separation depending on the CD133 phenotype and transplanted into immunodeficient mice to evaluate their tumorigenic capacity. Furthermore, the time until the development of a palpable tumor and the growth rate were measured, and the final tumor volume was assessed after 8 weeks. The immunohistochemical expression of CD133 in the induced neoplasia was then compared using histomorphometry. Results: Notably, neoplasms were induced in all the groups (n = 48), including in the CD133-negative group. Tumors induced by unsorted cells had the largest volume (p = 0.014) but were detected significantly later in this group (p ≤ 0.001). Interestingly, all explanted tumors expressed CD133, with no significant differences among groups. Conclusions: In contrast to the results obtained in prior studies, the suitability of CD133 as a CSC marker could not be demonstrated. The current encouraging progress in targeted therapy for malignant melanoma highlights the need to identify more effective targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Korn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kampmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon Spalthoff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Jehn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Tavassol
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fritjof Lentge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils-Claudius Gellrich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Zimmerer
- Department of Oral, Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany
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Enrichment and Transcriptional Characterization of Stem Cells Isolated from Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 32813242 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0759-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors due to their recurrence and resistance to current therapies. These characteristics are associated with the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs), mainly identified by the detection of the membrane antigens CD133 and CD15. The main source of GSCs has been biopsies of tumors. However, alternatives are sought from cell lines because more homogeneous populations can be obtained with high yields. This chapter describes a method for the enrichment and characterization of GSCs from cell lines derived from human GBM by selective culture with serum-free neural stem cell medium and growth factors. The technique offers alternatives for the enrichment and characterization of GSCs, that could contribute to a better understanding of the biology of GBMs.
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Kim J, Choi KW, Lee J, Lee J, Lee S, Sun R, Kim J. Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Inhibitors suppress the Tumor-initiating properties of a CD44 +CD133 + subpopulation of Caco-2 cells. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1644-1659. [PMID: 33994850 PMCID: PMC8120464 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells are a subset of cancer cells that have tumorigenic potential in human cancer. Although several markers have been proposed to distinguish tumor-initiating cells from colorectal cancer cells, little is known about how this subpopulation contributes to tumorigenesis. Here, we characterized a tumor-initiating cell subpopulation from Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells. Based on the findings that Caco-2 cell subpopulations express different cell surface markers, we were able to discriminate three main fractions, CD44-CD133-, CD44-CD133+, and CD44+CD133+ subsets, and characterized their biochemical and tumorigenic properties. Our results show that CD44+CD133+ cells possessed an unusual capacity to proliferate and could form tumors when transplanted into NSG mice. Additionally, primary tumors grown from CD44+CD133+ Caco-2 cells contained mixed populations of CD44+CD133+ and non-CD44+CD133+ Caco-2 cells, indicating that the full phenotypic heterogeneity of the parental Caco-2 cells was re-created. Notably, only the CD44+CD133+ subset of Caco-2-derived primary tumors had tumorigenic potential in NSG mice, and the tumor growth of CD44+CD133+ cells was faster in secondary xenografts than in primary transplants. Gene expression analysis revealed that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was over-activated in CD44+CD133+ cells, and the growth and tumorigenic potential of this subpopulation were significantly suppressed by small-molecule Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitors. Our findings suggest that the CD44+CD133+ subpopulation from Caco-2 cells was highly enriched in tumorigenic cells and will be useful for investigating the mechanisms leading to human colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jungho Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
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35
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Asif M, Usman M, Ayub S, Farhat S, Huma Z, Ahmed J, Kamal MA, Hussein D, Javed A, Khan I. Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins in CNS Tumors: Resistance- Based Perspectives and Clinical Updates. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4747-4763. [PMID: 32091329 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200224112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite gigantic advances in medical research and development, chemotherapeutic resistance remains a major challenge in complete remission of CNS tumors. The failure of complete eradication of CNS tumors has been correlated with the existence of several factors including overexpression of transporter proteins. To date, 49 ABC-transporter proteins (ABC-TPs) have been reported in humans, and the evidence of their strong association with chemotherapeutics' influx, dissemination, and efflux in CNS tumors, is growing. Research studies on CNS tumors are implicating ABC-TPs as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers that may be utilised in preclinical and clinical studies. With the current advancements in cell biology, molecular analysis of genomic and transcriptomic interplay, and protein homology-based drug-transporters interaction, our research approaches are streamlining the roles of ABC-TPs in cancer and multidrug resistance. Potential inhibitors of ABC-TP for better clinical outcomes in CNS tumors have emerged. Elacridar has shown to enhance the chemo-sensitivity of Dasatanib and Imatinib in various glioma models. Tariquidar has improved the effectiveness of Temozolomide's in CNS tumors. Although these inhibitors have been effective in preclinical settings, their clinical outcomes have not been as significant in clinical trials. Thus, to have a better understanding of the molecular evaluations of ABC-TPs, as well as drug-interactions, further research is being pursued in research labs. Our lab aims to better comprehend the biological mechanisms involved in drug resistance and to explore novel strategies to increase the clinical effectiveness of anticancer chemotherapeutics, which will ultimately improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asif
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Usman
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ayub
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan,Department of Neurosurgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, KPK Medical Teaching Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Farhat
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zilli Huma
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,4Enzymoics; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Deema Hussein
- Neurooncology Translational Group, Medical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology,
Islamabad 44000, Pakistan,Department of Infectious diseases, Brigham and Women Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ishaq Khan
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1330:21-32. [PMID: 34339028 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73359-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological cancer. It is related to high mortality because the majority of the patients present in advanced stage and because of the high recurrence rates of the disease. Recurrent ovarian cancer is classified according to the time interval between the last platinum-based chemotherapy and the occurrence of recurrence, to platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant. Many theories tried to explain development of resistance to platinum-based therapy. "Cancer stem cells" is one of these theories and is being currently under investigation by many groups. This chapter will demonstrate the suggested contribution of cancer stem cells to the development of recurrent ovarian cancer.
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CD133 Antigen as a Potential Marker of Melanoma Stem Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8810476. [PMID: 33424978 PMCID: PMC7774302 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8810476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are suspected to be responsible for the cancer recurrence and in the consequence for cancer therapy failure. CD133 is a potential marker for detection of melanoma CSCs. Experiments were performed on the B16-F10 mouse melanoma cell line. CD133+ cells were isolated using an immunomagnetic cell sorting technique. After isolation proliferative and clonogenic potential of CD133+, CD133- and CD133+/- were evaluated. The potential of CD133+ and CD133- cells for tumor induction was conducted on C57BL/6J mouse model. Three different cell quantities (100, 1000, 10000) were tested. Tumor morphology, number of mitoses, and tumor necrosis area were analyzed. Average 0.12% CD133+ cells were isolated. Compared to CD133- and unsorted CD133+/- cells, CD133+ cells were characterized by the higher proliferative and clonogenic potential. These properties were not confirmed in vivo, as both CD133+ and CD133- cells induced tumor growth in mouse model. No statistical differences in mitosis number and tumor necrosis area were observed. Simultaneous detection of CD133 antigen with other markers is necessary for accurate identification of these melanoma cancer stem cells.
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Chen YN, Li Y, Wei WB. Research Progress of Cancer Stem Cells in Uveal Melanoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12243-12252. [PMID: 33273829 PMCID: PMC7708312 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s284262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common malignant tumor in adult eyes, mostly in the choroid, but also in the iris and ciliary body. Distant metastasis is found in nearly half of the patients. Cancer stem cells are a kind of cells with the ability of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, which are related to tumor invasion and metastasis. Although the concept of cancer stem cells is relatively mature in other tumors, its existence and verification methods in uveal melanoma are still uncertain. A more in-depth understanding of cancer stem cells and their mechanism may reveal new strategies to treat uveal melanoma. This article reviews the concept of cancer stem cells and their research progress in uveal melanoma, including identification, probable markers, cancer stem cell targeted drug therapy and the controversies and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ning Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Growth Hormone Upregulates Mediators of Melanoma Drug Efflux and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123640. [PMID: 33291663 PMCID: PMC7761932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Growth hormone (GH) action is strongly implicated in the progression and therapy resistance in several types of solid tumors which overexpress the GH receptor (GHR). The aim of our study was to characterize the effects of GH and its downstream effector insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on melanoma using in vitro and in vivo models. We confirmed an IGF-1-independent role of elevated circulating GH in upregulating key mechanisms of therapy resistance and malignancy with analyses conducted at the molecular and cellular level. We identified that GH upregulates key mechanisms of therapy resistance and metastases in melanoma tumors in an IGF-1 dependent and independent manner by upregulating multidrug efflux pumps and EMT transcription factors. Our study reveals that GH action renders an intrinsic drug resistance phenotype to the melanoma tumors—a clinically crucial property of GH verifiable in other human cancers with GHR expression. Abstract Growth hormone (GH) and the GH receptor (GHR) are expressed in a wide range of malignant tumors including melanoma. However, the effect of GH/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) on melanoma in vivo has not yet been elucidated. Here we assessed the physical and molecular effects of GH on mouse melanoma B16-F10 and human melanoma SK-MEL-30 cells in vitro. We then corroborated these observations with syngeneic B16-F10 tumors in two mouse lines with different levels of GH/IGF: bovine GH transgenic mice (bGH; high GH, high IGF-1) and GHR gene-disrupted or knockout mice (GHRKO; high GH, low IGF-1). In vitro, GH treatment enhanced mouse and human melanoma cell growth, drug retention and cell invasion. While the in vivo tumor size was unaffected in both bGH and GHRKO mouse lines, multiple drug-efflux pumps were up regulated. This intrinsic capacity of therapy resistance appears to be GH dependent. Additionally, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene transcription markers were significantly upregulated in vivo supporting our current and recent in vitro observations. These syngeneic mouse melanoma models of differential GH/IGF action can be valuable tools in screening for therapeutic options where lowering GH/IGF-1 action is important.
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Insights into Differentiation of Melanocytes from Human Stem Cells and Their Relevance for Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092508. [PMID: 32899370 PMCID: PMC7564443 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The reactivation of embryonic developmental programs is crucial for melanoma cells to grow and to metastasize. In order to understand this process better, we first summarize the melanocytic differentiation process both in vivo and in vitro. Secondly, we compare and highlight important similarities between neural crest cell fate during differentiation and tumor cell characteristics during melanoma mestastasis. Finally, we suggest possible therapeutic targets, which could be used to inhibit phenotype switching by developmental cues and hence also suppress the metastatic melanoma spread. Abstract Malignant melanoma represents a highly aggressive form of skin cancer. The metastatic process itself is mostly governed by the so-called epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which confers cancer cells migrative, invasive and resistance abilities. Since EMT represents a conserved developmental process, it is worthwhile further examining the nature of early developmental steps fundamental for melanocyte differentiation. This can be done either in vivo by analyzing the physiologic embryo development in different species or by in vitro studies of melanocytic differentiation originating from embryonic human stem cells. Most importantly, external cues drive progenitor cell differentiation, which can be divided in stages favoring neural crest specification or melanocytic differentiation and proliferation. In this review, we describe ectopic factors which drive human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to melanocytes in 2D, as well as in organoid models. Furthermore, we compare developmental mechanisms with processes described to occur during melanoma development. Finally, we suggest differentiation factors as potential co-treatment options for metastatic melanoma patients.
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Desensitization of metastatic melanoma cells to therapeutic treatment through repeated exposure to dacarbazine. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 211:111982. [PMID: 32866820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant anti-cancer drug efflux mediated by membrane protein ABC transporters (ABCB5 and ABCG2) is thought to characterize melanoma heterogeneous chemoresistant populations, presumed to have unlimited proliferative and self-renewal abilities. Therefore, this study primarily aimed to investigate whether continuous exposure of melanoma cells to dacarbazine (DTIC) chemotherapeutic drug enriches cultures with therapy resistant cells. Thereafter, we sought to determine whether combining the genotoxic activity of DTIC with the oxidative insults of hypericin activated photodynamic therapy (HYP-PDT) could synergized to kill heterogenous chemoresistant melanoma populations. This study revealed that DTIC resistant (UCT Mel-1DTICR2) melanoma cells were less sensitive to all therapies than parental melanoma cells (UCT Mel-1), yet combination therapy was the most efficient. At the exception of DTIC treatment, both HYP-PDT and the combination therapy were effective in significantly reducing the Hoechst non-effluxing dye melanoma main populations (MP) compared to their side population (SP) counterparts. Likewise, HYP-PDT and combination therapy significantly reduced self-renewal capacity, increased expression of ABCB5 and ABCG2 transporters and differentially induced cell cycle arrest and cell death (apoptosis or necrosis) depending on the melanoma MP cell type. Collectively, combination therapy could synergistically reduce melanoma proliferative and clonogenic potential. However, further research is needed to decipher the cellular mechanisms underlying this resistance which would enable combination therapy to reach therapeutic fruition.
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Dzobo K, Senthebane DA, Ganz C, Thomford NE, Wonkam A, Dandara C. Advances in Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells within the Tumor Microenvironment: An Updated Review. Cells 2020; 9:E1896. [PMID: 32823711 PMCID: PMC7464860 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great strides being achieved in improving cancer patients' outcomes through better therapies and combinatorial treatment, several hurdles still remain due to therapy resistance, cancer recurrence and metastasis. Drug resistance culminating in relapse continues to be associated with fatal disease. The cancer stem cell theory posits that tumors are driven by specialized cancer cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells known to be resistant to therapy and cause metastasis. Whilst the debate on whether CSCs are the origins of the primary tumor rages on, CSCs have been further characterized in many cancers with data illustrating that CSCs display great abilities to self-renew, resist therapies due to enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) properties, enhanced expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters, activation of several survival signaling pathways and increased immune evasion as well as DNA repair mechanisms. CSCs also display great heterogeneity with the consequential lack of specific CSC markers presenting a great challenge to their targeting. In this updated review we revisit CSCs within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and present novel treatment strategies targeting CSCs. These promising strategies include targeting CSCs-specific properties using small molecule inhibitors, immunotherapy, microRNA mediated inhibitors, epigenetic methods as well as targeting CSC niche-microenvironmental factors and differentiation. Lastly, we present recent clinical trials undertaken to try to turn the tide against cancer by targeting CSC-associated drug resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.A.S.); (C.G.)
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Dimakatso Alice Senthebane
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.A.S.); (C.G.)
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Chelene Ganz
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.A.S.); (C.G.)
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (N.E.T.); (A.W.); (C.D.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (N.E.T.); (A.W.); (C.D.)
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (N.E.T.); (A.W.); (C.D.)
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43
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Zhang C, Yang Z, Dong DL, Jang TS, Knowles JC, Kim HW, Jin GZ, Xuan Y. 3D culture technologies of cancer stem cells: promising ex vivo tumor models. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420933407. [PMID: 32637062 PMCID: PMC7318804 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420933407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells have been shown to be important in tumorigenesis processes, such as tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. As such, many three-dimensional models have been developed to establish an ex vivo microenvironment that cancer stem cells experience under in vivo conditions. Cancer stem cells propagating in three-dimensional culture systems show physiologically related signaling pathway profiles, gene expression, cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions, and drug resistance that reflect at least some of the tumor properties seen in vivo. Herein, we discussed the presently available Cancer stem cell three-dimensional culture models that use biomaterials and engineering tools and the biological implications of these models compared to the conventional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Air Force Medical Center of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoting Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Da-Long Dong
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Jang
- Department of Pre-Medical Course, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang-Zhen Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanhua Xuan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
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44
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Song Y, Zhao B, Xu Y, Ren X, Lin Y, Zhou L, Sun Q. Prognostic significance of branched-chain amino acid transferase 1 and CD133 in triple-negative breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:584. [PMID: 32571264 PMCID: PMC7310042 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that branched-chain amino acid transferase 1 (BCAT1) is associated with tumour progression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Furthermore, CD133 has emerged as a novel cancer stem cell marker for indicating tumour progression. However, the prognostic significance of these two markers remains to be verified. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between BCAT1 and CD133 expression and clinicopathological features, as well as the prognosis of patients with TNBC. METHODS The study cohort included 291 patients with TNBC. Tissue microarrays were constructed for both cancer and normal tissues. The expression of BCAT1 and CD133 was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the levels were evaluated using an H-scoring system. Cut-off points for BCAT1 and CD133 expression were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS The median follow-up time for the study participants was 68.73 months (range: 1.37-103.6 months). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of the 291 patients with TNBC were 72.51 and 82.47%, respectively. Higher levels of BCAT1 and CD133 expression independently indicated shorter DFS and OS. High levels of both BCAT1 and CD133 expression were detected in 36 (12.37%) patients, who had significantly shorter DFS and OS (both P < 0.001) compared to other patients. CONCLUSION BCAT1 and CD133 can be considered as biomarkers with prognostic significance for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinyu Ren
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Liangrui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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45
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Kyriakou G, Melachrinou M. Cancer stem cells, epigenetics, tumor microenvironment and future therapeutics in cutaneous malignant melanoma: a review. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1549-1567. [PMID: 32484008 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the ontogeny and biology of melanoma stem cells in cutaneous malignant melanoma. This article also summarizes and evaluates the current knowledge of the underlying epigenetic mechanisms, the regulation of melanoma progress by the tumor microenvironment as well as the therapeutic implications and applications of these novel insights, in the setting of personalized medicine. Unraveling the complex ecosystem of cutaneous malignant melanoma and the interplay between its components, aims to provide novel insights into the establishment of efficient therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kyriakou
- Department of Dermatology, University General Hospital of Patras, Rion 265 04, Greece
| | - Maria Melachrinou
- Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Patras, Rion 265 04, Greece
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46
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Tang Q, Yin D, Wang Y, Du W, Qin Y, Ding A, Li H. Cancer Stem Cells and Combination Therapies to Eradicate Them. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1994-2008. [PMID: 32250222 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406083756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) show self-renewal ability and multipotential differentiation, like normal stem or progenitor cells, and which proliferate uncontrollably and can escape the effects of drugs and phagocytosis by immune cells. Traditional monotherapies, such as surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, cannot eradicate CSCs, however, combination therapy may be more effective at eliminating CSCs. The present review summarizes the characteristics of CSCs and several promising combination therapies to eradicate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yin
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxuan Du
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhan Qin
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anni Ding
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanmei Li
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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47
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Tsunedomi R, Yoshimura K, Suzuki N, Hazama S, Nagano H. Clinical implications of cancer stem cells in digestive cancers: acquisition of stemness and prognostic impact. Surg Today 2020; 50:1560-1577. [PMID: 32025858 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-01968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Digestive system cancers are the most frequent cancers worldwide and often associated with poor prognosis because of their invasive and metastatic characteristics. Recent studies have found that the plasticity of cancer cells can impart cancer stem-like properties via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cancer stem-like properties such as tumor initiation are integral to the formation of metastasis, which is the main cause of poor prognosis. Numerous markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in many types of cancer. Therefore, CSCs, via their stem cell-like functions, may play an important role in prognosis after surgery. While several reports have described prognostic analysis using CSC markers, few reviews have summarized CSCs and their association with prognosis. Herein, we review the prognostic potential of eight CSC markers, CD133, CD44, CD90, ALDH1A1, EPCAM, SOX2, SOX9, and LGR5, in digestive cancers including those of the pancreas, colon, liver, gastric, and esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshimura
- Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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48
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The miRNAs Role in Melanoma and in Its Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030878. [PMID: 32013263 PMCID: PMC7037367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the less common but the most malignant skin cancer. Since the survival rate of melanoma metastasis is about 10–15%, many different studies have been carried out in order to find a more effective treatment. Although the development of target-based therapies and immunotherapeutic strategies has improved chances for patient survival, melanoma treatment still remains a big challenge for oncologists. Here, we collect recent data about the emerging role of melanoma-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) currently available treatments, and their involvement in drug resistance. We also reviewed miRNAs as prognostic factors, because of their chemical stability and resistance to RNase activity, in melanoma progression. Moreover, despite miRNAs being considered small conserved regulators with the limitation of target specificity, we outline the dual role of melanoma-associated miRNAs, as oncogenic and/or tumor suppressive factors, compared to other tumors.
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49
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Yue Y, Xia L, Xu S, Wang C, Wang X, Lu W, Xie X. SURF4 maintains stem-like properties via BIRC3 in ovarian cancer cells. J Gynecol Oncol 2020; 31:e46. [PMID: 32026660 PMCID: PMC7286753 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2020.31.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the origin of tumor development, recurrence, and drug resistance, we aimed to explore the mechanism related to modulating stemness in CSCs, thus facilitating to search for new therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer. METHODS In this study, ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) induced from cell line 3AO and A2780 were enriched in serum-free medium (SFM). The effect of SURF4 on CSC-like properties was evaluated by sphere-forming assays, re-differentiation assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, Western blotting, cell viability assays and in vivo xenograft experiments. The downstream molecule participating in SURF4 maintaining stemness was screened by RNA-sequencing and identified by the experiments of gene function. RESULTS SURF4 was upregulated expressed in OCSCs. Knockdown of SURF4 reduced the expression of the related stem markers (SOX2 and c-MYC), inhibited self-renewal ability, and improved the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs (paclitaxel and cisplatin) in OCSCs. SURF4 knockdown also inhibited tumorigenesis in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. BIRC3 expression was controlled by SURF4, and BIRC3 showed the similar effect as SURF4 did, and BIRC3 overexpression partially recovered stem-like properties abolished by SURF4 knockdown. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that SURF4 possesses the ability to maintain stemness of OCSCs via BIRC3, and may serve as a potential target in stem cell-targeted therapy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Yue
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lili Xia
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Conghui Wang
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Djirackor L, Kalirai H, Coupland SE, Petrovski G. CD166high Uveal Melanoma Cells Represent a Subpopulation With Enhanced Migratory Capacity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2696-2704. [PMID: 31242292 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells with the capacity to drive tumor growth. While there is evidence of the existence of CSCs in uveal melanoma (UM), there is no consensus on their defining markers. In this study, we examined putative CSC markers in UM cell lines, primary UM (PUM), and normal choroidal melanocytes (NCM). Methods Nonadherent sphere assays were used to assess the tumorigenic potential of 15 PUMs, 8 high (M3) and 7 low (D3) metastatic risk. Flow cytometry was used to compare the expression of CSC markers between 10 PUMs and 4 NCMs, as well as in 8 UM cell lines grown under adherent and nonadherent conditions. Based on the data generated and from TCGA analyses, CD166 was investigated in detail, including its effect on cell migration using a tumor transendothelial migration assay. Results M3 PUM had a greater melanosphere-forming efficiency than D3 PUM. CD166 and Nestin expression was upregulated in PUM compared to NCM by flow cytometry. UM cell lines resistant to anoikis had increased levels of CD271, Nestin, and CD166 compared with adherent cells. TCGA analysis showed that patients with higher CD166 expression had a poorer prognosis: this was supported by a Mel270 CD166high subpopulation that had enhanced migratory capabilities compared with CD166low cells. IHC showed that CD166 is expressed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of PUM cells. Conclusions UM contain a population of cells with characteristics of CSCs. In particular, CD166high UM cells appear to represent a subpopulation with enhanced migratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Djirackor
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Centre for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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