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Bennett DH, Sellen J, Moran R, Alaimo CP, Young TM. Personal air sampling for pesticides in the California San Joaquin Valley. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00708-4. [PMID: 39251871 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND California is a leading agricultural state and with that, has significant applications of pesticides. Levels of exposure have been measured to be higher among residents in agricultural areas, but measures of personal inhalation exposure to a wide range of pesticides are lacking. Community members in the San Joaquin Valley have expressed concern over pesticide exposures. Working with community members, a wide range of pesticides in personal air samples were measured. METHODS Adult and school-aged participants were recruited from small agricultural towns in the San Joaquin Valley. Participants wore a backpack sampler for 8-14 h on 1-3 days. Samples were collected on two tubes, one with Tenax-TA resin and the other with XAD-2 resin. In total, 21 pesticides were analyzed using both LC/MS and GC/MS methods. RESULTS Thirty-one adult participants and 11 school aged participants were recruited, and sampling occurred on a total of 92 days. Seven adults, 22% of adult participants, and one school child had detectable levels of at least one pesticide. Pesticides detected above the limit of detection were 1,3-dichloropropene, chlorpyrifos, pyrimethanil, burprofezin and penthiopyrad. When these samples were collected, chlorpyrifos was not permitted to be used in California. IMPACT STATEMENT California, a leading agricultural state, has significant pesticide use, leading to concern about exposures among community members. Thirty-one adult and 11 school aged participants wore personal air sampling backpacks from 1-3 days. Twenty-two percent of adult participants had detectable levels of at least one pesticide. Two pesticides with established toxicity, 1,3-dichloropropene and chlorpyrifos were detected, along with first time measurements of pyrimethanil, burprofezin and penthiopyrad in the United States, which all have potential indications of toxicity. This study suggests the need to expand which pesticides are measured in agricultural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jane Sellen
- Californians for Pesticide Reform, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Moran
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher P Alaimo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Young
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Ambriz E, Rojas N, Okoye OC, Calderon NM, Calderon L, Kogut K, Deardorff J, Torres JM. Resiliency and Barriers to Successful Aging Among Middle-Aged Mexican Immigrants Residing in a Rural Agricultural Community. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae103. [PMID: 38847491 PMCID: PMC11237991 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Latino population is one of the largest, most diverse, and fastest-growing demographic groups in the United States. Although Latinos enjoy longer life spans and reduced mortality risk relative to non-Hispanic Whites, they have higher rates of chronic health conditions such as diabetes and dementia and live more of their older years with poor health and disability. Such inequities point to the need for this research focused on examining resiliency strategies and barriers to successful aging among various U.S. Latino subgroups. METHODS This qualitative study used thematic content analysis to examine resiliency strategies and barriers to successful aging among Mexican immigrant women (n = 40) residing in an underserved agricultural community and entering mid-life (mean = 49 years old). RESULTS With regards to barriers to successful aging, 3 themes emerged: (1) stressful lifestyle in the United States compared to the participants' home countries; (2) stress from expectations at home; and (3) stress due to work and the various components around work. The following 4 resiliency strategies emerged: (1) family as a motivation for moving forward in life and focusing on the success of children; (2) having a positive mindset; (3) praying to God for strength to overcome obstacles; and (4) self-care. DISCUSSION Despite experiencing barriers to successful aging, participants practice various resiliency strategies to age successfully. Because many of the barriers identified are related to poverty-related stressors, systemic solutions addressing the social determinants of health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ambriz
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nadia Rojas
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Obiora C Okoye
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Norma M Calderon
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lucia Calderon
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Torres
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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3
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Hosseini FS, Kharazmi F, Davarani SSH, Ebrahimzadeh H. Easy and fast synthesis of MnCo-LDH yolk-shell spheres porous composites applied electrospinning nanofibers highly effective for extracting triazole fungicides. Food Chem 2024; 448:139001. [PMID: 38579554 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Today, the wide utilization of triazole fungicides due to environmental damage and its side effects has raised global concern. Thus, in this investigation, polyacrylonitrile/MnCo-layered double hydroxides nanofiber was synthesized and applied as an effective and novel adsorbent at thin-film solid-phase micro-extraction technique for the quick and concurrent extraction of five triazole fungicides in fruit and vegetable samples before quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. The incorporation of MnCo-layered double hydroxides with porous structure and abundant functional groups in a polymer medium improves the extraction efficiency of nanofibers owing to hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions formed between analytes and synthesized nano-adsorbent. Various important elements that affect the extraction efficiency of the intended analytes were optimized using a time-variable approach. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection and quantification range from 0.1 to 0.15 and 0.3-0.5 ng mL-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farbod Kharazmi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Homeira Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Evin, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Wang S, Wang Y, Wan Y, Su P, Tao F, Sun Y. Modifiable factors associated with cognitive performance in Chinese adolescents: a national environment-wide association study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1047-1056. [PMID: 37204501 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence exists about the candidate factors of childhood cognitive performance, but mainly limited to single-exposure studies. We sought to systematically and simultaneously identify and validate a wide range of potential modifiable factors for childhood cognitive performance. We used data from five waves of data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS-2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018). Our analytical sample was restricted to those children aged 2-5 at baseline with valid exposure information. A total of 80 modifiable factors were identified. Childhood cognitive performance was assessed using vocabulary and mathematics test at wave 5. We used an environment-wide association study (EnWAS) to screen all exposure-outcome associations independently and used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) variable selection algorithm to identify factors associated with cognitive performance. Multivariable linear model was then used to evaluate causal relationships between identified factors and cognitive performance. Of the 1305 participants included in the study (mean ± SD, 3.5 ± 1.1 years age at baseline, 45.1% girls). Eight factors were retained in the LASSO regression analysis. Six factors across community characteristics (percentage of poverty in the community; percentage of children in the community), household characteristics (family size), child health and behaviors (mobile internet access), parenting behaviors and cognitive enrichment (parental involvement in child' s education), and parental wellbeing (paternal happiness) domains were significantly associated with childhood cognition. Using a three-stage approach, this study validates several actionable targets for improving childhood cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Section of Child Health, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Sánchez RM, Bermeo Losada JF, Marín Martínez JA. The research landscape concerning environmental factors in neurodevelopmental disorders: Endocrine disrupters and pesticides-A review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 73:101132. [PMID: 38561126 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, environmental epidemiology and toxicology have seen a growing interest in the environmental factors that contribute to the increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, with the purpose of establishing appropriate prevention strategies. A literature review was performed, and 192 articles covering the topic of endocrine disruptors and neurodevelopmental disorders were found, focusing on polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, bisphenol A, and pesticides. This study contributes to analyzing their effect on the molecular mechanism in maternal and infant thyroid function, essential for infant neurodevelopment, and whose alteration has been associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders. The results provide scientific evidence of the association that exists between the environmental neurotoxins and various neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, other possible molecular mechanisms by which pesticides and endocrine disruptors may be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mira Sánchez
- Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias Medioambientales y Neurodesarrollo ICMYN, Murcia, Spain.
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Longoni V, Kandel Gambarte PC, Rueda L, Fuchs JS, Rovedatti MG, Wolansky MJ. Long-lasting developmental effects in rat offspring after maternal exposure to acetamiprid in the drinking water during gestation. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:61-75. [PMID: 38011675 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NNTs) are a class of insecticides proposed to be safe for pest control in urban, suburban, and agricultural applications. However, little is known about their developmental effects after repeated low-dose exposures during gestation. Here, we tested a dose considered subthreshold for maternal toxicity in rats (6 mg/kg/day) by assessing several morphological, biochemical, and neurobehavioral features in preterm fetuses and developing pups after maternal administration of the NTT acetamiprid (ACP) dissolved in the drinking water during gestational days (GD) 2-19. The exploratory evaluation included monitoring maternal body weight gain, fetal viability, body weight and sex ratio, cephalic length, neonatal body weight and sex ratio, metabolic enzymes in the placenta, maternal blood and fetal liver, and anogenital distance and surface righting response during infancy. We also used the circling training test to study the integrity of the associative-spatial-motor response in adolescence. Results showed no consistent findings indicating maternal, reproductive or developmental toxicity. However, we found ACP effects on maternal body weight gain, placental butyrylcholinesterase activity, and neurobehavioral responses, suggestive of a mild toxic action. Thus, our study showed a trend for developmental susceptibility at a dose so far considered subtoxic. Although the ACP concentration in environmental samples of surface water and groundwater has been mostly reported to be much lower than that used in our study, our results suggest that the ACP point of departure used in current guidelines aimed to prevent developmental effects may need to be verified by complementary sensitive multiple-endpoint testing in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Longoni
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Paula Cristina Kandel Gambarte
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET) and FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Lis Rueda
- FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Julio Silvio Fuchs
- Instituto IQUIBICEN-CONICET and Departamento Química Biológica, FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Rovedatti
- Departamentos Química Biológica and Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Javier Wolansky
- Departamento Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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He X, Qiu B, Deng Y, Wang Z, Cao X, Zheng X, Zhu J, Zhang W. Material Hardship Predicts Response Bias in Loss-Averse Decisions: The Roles of Anxiety and Cognitive Control. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 158:309-324. [PMID: 38227200 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2023.2296946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Income poverty is associated with an enhanced tendency to avoid losses in economic decisions, which can be driven by a response bias (risk avoidance) and a valuation bias (loss aversion). However, the impact of non-income dimensions of poverty on these biases remains unclear. The current study tested the impact of material hardship on these biases, and the mediating effects of anxiety, depression, and cognitive control in these associations. Healthy adults (N = 188) completed questionnaire and behavioral measures of the variables. Results of regression-based analyses showed that participants who reported higher material hardship exhibited greater response bias, but not valuation bias. This effect was mediated by anxiety. Although material hardship predicted lower cognitive control, cognitive control did not mediate the association between material hardship and either type of bias. These findings suggest that material hardship may lead to economic decision-making biases because it impacts emotional states rather than cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- South China Normal University
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Baas PW, Sullivan KA, Terry AV, Case K, Yates PL, Sun X, Raghupathi R, Huber BR, Qiang L. Is Gulf War Illness a prolonged early phase tauopathy? Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:41-46. [PMID: 37702426 PMCID: PMC10841075 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The work of the Gulf War Illness (GWI) Consortium and that of basic and clinical researchers across the USA have resulted in a better understanding in recent years of the pathological basis of GWI, as well as of the mechanisms underlying the disorder. Among the most concerning symptoms suffered by veterans with GWI are cognitive decrements including those related to memory functioning. These decrements are not severe enough to meet dementia criteria, but there is significant concern that the mild cognitive impairment of these veterans will progress to dementia as they become older. Recent studies on GWI using human brain organoids as well as a rat model suggest that one potential cause of the cognitive problems may be elevated levels of tau in the brain, and this is supported by high levels of tau autoantibodies in the blood of veterans with GWI. There is urgency in finding treatments and preventive strategies for these veterans before they progress to dementia, with added value in doing so because their current status may represent an early phase of tauopathy common to many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Alvin V. Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kendra Case
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Philip L. Yates
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Ramesh Raghupathi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Bertrand R. Huber
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liang Qiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
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Payne-Sturges DC, Taiwo TK, Ellickson K, Mullen H, Tchangalova N, Anderko L, Chen A, Swanson M. Disparities in Toxic Chemical Exposures and Associated Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Scoping Review and Systematic Evidence Map of the Epidemiological Literature. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:96001. [PMID: 37754677 PMCID: PMC10525348 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are routinely exposed to chemicals known or suspected of harming brain development. Targeting Environmental Neuro-Development Risks (Project TENDR), an alliance of > 50 leading scientists, health professionals, and advocates, is working to protect children from these toxic chemicals and pollutants, especially the disproportionate exposures experienced by children from families with low incomes and families of color. OBJECTIVE This scoping review was initiated to map existing literature on disparities in neurodevelopmental outcomes for U.S. children from population groups who have been historically economically/socially marginalized and exposed to seven exemplar neurotoxicants: combustion-related air pollution (AP), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), organophosphate pesticides (OPs), phthalates (Phth), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). METHODS Systematic literature searches for the seven exemplar chemicals, informed by the Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome (PECO) framework, were conducted through 18 November 2022, using PubMed, CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), GreenFILE (EBSCO), and Web of Science sources. We examined these studies regarding authors' conceptualization and operationalization of race, ethnicity, and other indicators of sociodemographic and socioeconomic disadvantage; whether studies presented data on exposure and outcome disparities and the patterns of those disparities; and the evidence of effect modification by or interaction with race and ethnicity. RESULTS Two hundred twelve individual studies met the search criteria and were reviewed, resulting in 218 studies or investigations being included in this review. AP and Pb were the most commonly studied exposures. The most frequently identified neurodevelopmental outcomes were cognitive and behavioral/psychological. Approximately a third (74 studies) reported investigations of interactions or effect modification with 69% (51 of 74 studies) reporting the presence of interactions or effect modification. However, less than half of the studies presented data on disparities in the outcome or the exposure, and fewer conducted formal tests of heterogeneity. Ninety-two percent of the 165 articles that examined race and ethnicity did not provide an explanation of their constructs for these variables, creating an incomplete picture. DISCUSSION As a whole, the studies we reviewed indicated a complex story about how racial and ethnic minority and low-income children may be disproportionately harmed by exposures to neurotoxicants, and this has implications for targeting interventions, policy change, and other necessary investments to eliminate these health disparities. We provide recommendations on improving environmental epidemiological studies on environmental health disparities. To achieve environmental justice and health equity, we recommend concomitant strategies to eradicate both neurotoxic chemical exposures and systems that perpetuate social inequities. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11750.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristie Ellickson
- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haley Mullen
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Laura Anderko
- M. Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rattanawitoon T, Siriwong W, Shendell D, Fiedler N, Robson MG. An Evaluation of a Pesticide Training Program to Reduce Pesticide Exposure and Enhance Safety among Female Farmworkers in Nan, Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6635. [PMID: 37681775 PMCID: PMC10487852 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although exposure to chemical pesticides is known to cause negative effects on human health, farmers in Ban Luang, Nan, Thailand, continue to use them regularly to protect crops. This study focused on mothers who were engaged in farm tasks and had children between the ages of 0 to 72 months, with the objective of reducing pesticide exposure. METHODS This study was conducted from May 2020 to October 2020 in the Ban Fa and Ban Phi sub-districts in Ban Luang due to the high use of pesticides in these areas. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 78 mothers exposed to pesticides. Thirty-nine mothers from Ban Fa district were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 39 from Ban Phi to the control group over a 3-month period. This study applied a pesticide behavioral change training program for the intervention group. To assess the effectiveness of the program, the study compared the results of a questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and health beliefs related to pesticide exposure as well as the levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) enzymes, biomarkers of exposure to pesticides, before and after the intervention using ANCOVA statistical test. Furthermore, to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention program, a paired t-test was used to investigate the in-home pesticide safety assessment. RESULTS After the intervention, we observed no significant change in AChE; however, a significant improvement in BChE (p < 0.05), a marker of short-term recovery, was observed. Pesticides can cause a reduction in AChE and BChE, however, after eliminating pesticides, BChE takes a shorter time (about 30-50 days) to recover than AChE (around 90-120 days). Therefore, increases in the measured concentrations of AChE and/or BChE suggest the presence of less chemicals from pesticides in the human body. The study also found a significant improvement in KAP and beliefs about chemical pesticide exposure after the intervention (p < 0.05). Furthermore, using a paired t-test, we found a significant increase in pesticide safety practices (p < 0.05) in the intervention group and a borderline significant increase regarding in-home safety (p = 0.051) in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, the constructs of the intervention program were effective and could be applied in other agricultural areas in less developed countries. However, due to time limitations during the COVID-19 pandemic, further studies should be conducted to enable data collection over a longer time, with a larger number of subjects providing the ChE levels for the non-agricultural season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanawat Rattanawitoon
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (D.S.); (N.F.)
| | - Wattasit Siriwong
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Institute Building 3 (10th–11th Floor), Chulalongkorn soi 62, Phyathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Derek Shendell
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (D.S.); (N.F.)
- NJ Safe Schools Program, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Nancy Fiedler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (D.S.); (N.F.)
- Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Mark Gregory Robson
- Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Rodríguez D, Barg G, Queirolo EI, Olson JR, Mañay N, Kordas K. Pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Exposure, General Intellectual Abilities, and Executive Functions of School Children from Montevideo, Uruguay. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5288. [PMID: 37047904 PMCID: PMC10093823 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Children's developing brains are susceptible to pesticides. Less is known about the effect of exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids on executive functions (EF). We measured urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos, and urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a general, nonspecific metabolite of pyrethroids in first-grade children from Montevideo, Uruguay (n = 241, age 80.6 ± 6.4 months, 58.1% boys). EFs were assessed with the Intra-dimensional/Extra-dimensional shift (IED), Spatial Span (SSP), and Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated (CANTAB) Battery. General intellectual ability (GIA) was assessed using the Woodcock-Muñoz Cognitive battery. Median (range) urinary TCPy and 3-PBA levels were 16.7 (1.9, 356.9) ng/mg of creatinine and 3.3 (0.3, 110.6) ng/mg of creatinine, respectively. In multivariable generalized linear models, urinary TCPy was inversely associated with postdimensional errors on the IED task β [95% CI]: -0.11 [-0.17, -0.06]. Urinary 3-PBA was inversely associated with the total number of trials -0.07 [-0.10, -0.04], and the total number of errors -0.12 [-0.18, -0.07] on the IED task. When TCPy and 3-PBA were modeled together, the associations did not differ from single-metabolite models. We found no evidence of effect modification by blood lead level (BLL). Pesticide exposure may affect EF performance in urban children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danelly Rodríguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Gabriel Barg
- Department of Neuroscience and Learning, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Elena I. Queirolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Learning, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - James R. Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Nelly Mañay
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay (UDELAR), Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.R.)
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12
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Antonangeli LM, Kenzhebekova S, Colosio C. Neurobehavioral Effects of Low-Dose Chronic Exposure to Insecticides: A Review. TOXICS 2023; 11:192. [PMID: 36851066 PMCID: PMC9963921 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The modes of action of insecticides frequently involve a neurotoxic effect; therefore, the study of neurotoxic effects caused by long-term and low-dose insecticide exposure is of particular interest. This study looks at whether or not new studies conducted after 2009 and up to 2021 have provided new evidence for a better understanding of the actual neurobehavioral risk associated with long-term insecticide exposure. We selected and reviewed studies carried out on the neurobehavioral effects of neurotoxic insecticides (organophosphates and/or carbamates, pyrethroids, multiple or undefined insecticides, and organochlorines) considering occupational and non-occupational exposures. The articles were also scored and ranked based on seven parameters. Eighty-six studies were chosen for a final review process from among the 950 scientific papers identified. Twenty-six addressed occupational exposure and six environmental exposure. Among the latter group of studies, 17 focused on rural residents, to be assumed exposed because of living in rural areas, and 43 on the general population. Pending doubts have not been resolved in the last ten years due to the presence of contradictory and hardly comparable results and the fact that in most of the studies showing an evident neurobehavioral impairment the frequent presence of a previous episode of poisoning and hospitalization, with severe brain hypoxia, impaired the possibility of confirming the presence of a causal association with insecticide exposure. Interestingly, the most severely exposed groups, such as applicators who did not wear personal protective equipment, performed worse on neurobehavioral tests. As for residential exposure, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that prenatal OP exposure may increase the risk of ADHD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saniya Kenzhebekova
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, International Centre for Rural Health of the Santi Paolo e Carlo ASST of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Colosio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, International Centre for Rural Health of the Santi Paolo e Carlo ASST of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy
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Madrigal JM, Gunier RB, Jones RR, Flory A, Metayer C, Nuckols JR, Ward MH. Contributions of nearby agricultural insecticide applications to indoor residential exposures. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107657. [PMID: 36493610 PMCID: PMC10038187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposure has been associated with adverse health effects. We evaluated relationships between proximity to agricultural insecticide applications and insecticides in household dust, accounting for land use and wind direction. METHODS We measured concentrations (ng/g) of nine insecticides in carpet-dust samples collected from 598 California homes. Using a geographic information system (GIS), we integrated the California Pesticide Use Reporting (CPUR) database to estimate agricultural use within residential buffers with radii of 0.5 to 4 km. We calculated the density of use (kg/km2) during 30-, 60-, 180-, and 365-day periods prior to dust collection and evaluated relationships between three density metrics (CPUR unit-based, agricultural land area adjusted, and average daily wind direction adjusted) and dust concentrations. We modeled natural-log transformed concentrations using Tobit regression for carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, diazinon, and permethrin. Odds of detection were modeled with logistic regression for azinphos-methyl, cyfluthrin, malathion, and phosmet. We adjusted for season, year, occupation, and home/garden uses. RESULTS Chlorpyrifos use within 1-4 km was associated with 1 to 2-times higher dust concentrations in both the 60- and 365-day periods. Carbaryl applications within 2-4 km of homes 60-days prior to dust collection were associated with 3 to 7-times higher concentrations and the 4 km trend was strongest using the wind-adjusted metric (p-trend = 0.04). For diazinon, there were 2-times higher concentrations for the 60-day metrics in the 2 km buffer and for the CPUR and wind-adjusted metrics within 4 km. Cyfluthrin, phosmet, and azinphos-methyl applications within 4 km in the prior 365-days were associated with 2-, 6-, and 3-fold higher odds of detection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Agricultural use of six of the nine insecticides within 4 km is an important determinant of indoor contamination. Our findings demonstrated that GIS-based metrics for quantifying potential exposure to fugitive emissions from agriculture should incorporate tailored distances and time periods and support wind-adjustment for some, but not all insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Catherine Metayer
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John R Nuckols
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; JRN Environmental Health Sciences, Ltd, North Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
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Temkin AM, Uche UI, Evans S, Anderson KM, Perrone-Gray S, Campbell C, Naidenko OV. Racial and social disparities in Ventura County, California related to agricultural pesticide applications and toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158399. [PMID: 36063919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Application of agricultural pesticides poses health concerns for farmworkers and for local communities due to pesticide drift from spraying or fumigation, pesticide volatilization into the air, contamination of household dust, as well as direct exposure for people who work in agriculture and their families. In this analysis of pesticide use records for Ventura County, California (USA) from 2016 to 2018, we identified the most prevalent toxicological effects of the pesticides applied. We also developed a cumulative toxicity index that incorporates specific toxicity endpoints for individual pesticides, the severity and strength of association for each endpoint, and the reliability of the data sources. Combining the toxicity index for each pesticide with the pounds applied within each square mile section in Ventura County, we calculated the total toxicity-weighted pesticide use and identified pesticides associated with higher potential risk to health. Analysis of U.S. Census data for Ventura County found a greater percentage of Hispanic/Latino, African American and Asian community members in township sections with a greater volume of pesticides applied and higher toxicity-weighted pesticide use. Similarly, areas with limited economic and social resources had elevated pesticide application overall and elevated toxicity-weighted pesticide use. The combination of toxicological and demographic analyses presented in this study provides information that can support the development of policies to protect public health from excessive exposure to pesticides and better environmental health protection for socially vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Temkin
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I street NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
| | - Uloma Igara Uche
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I street NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Sydney Evans
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I street NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Kayla M Anderson
- Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | | | - Chris Campbell
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I street NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Olga V Naidenko
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I street NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005, USA
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15
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Gunier RB, Deardorff J, Rauch S, Bradshaw PT, Kogut K, Sagiv S, Hyland C, Mora AM, Eskenazi B. Residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use and risk-taking behaviors in young adults from the CHAMACOS study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114356. [PMID: 36150435 PMCID: PMC10535360 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal pesticide exposure has been associated with poorer neurodevelopment during childhood, which could lead to greater risk-taking behaviors and delinquency in adolescence. This association may be augmented by adversity exposure. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the relationship between prenatal pesticide exposure and risk-taking behavior in young adults at 18-years of age. Assess whether adversity exposure modifies these associations. METHODS Participants included mother-child dyads (n = 467) enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children Of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, a longitudinal birth cohort set in the agricultural Salinas Valley of California. We estimated agricultural pesticide use within one km of maternal residences during pregnancy using a geographic information system, residential addresses, and California's Pesticide Use Reporting data. We used Bayesian hierarchical regression to evaluate associations of prenatal exposure to a mixture of 11 neurotoxic pesticides with self-reported police encounters, risk-taking behaviors, and unique types and frequency of delinquent acts. We also evaluated effect modification of these relationships by adversity exposure. RESULTS We observed generally null associations of neurotoxic pesticide use with risk-taking behaviors. Prenatal residential proximity to chlorpyrifos use was associated with higher risk of a police encounter, a delinquent act, and higher incidence of both unique types of acts committed and total frequency of delinquent acts. Prenatal residential proximity to dimethoate use was associated with a higher incidence of police encounters and methomyl with a higher risk of committing a delinquent act. There were no consistent differences when stratified by the number of adverse childhood experiences. CONCLUSIONS We observed mostly null associations between prenatal residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use and risk-taking behaviors at age 18, with little evidence of effect modification by childhood adversity. There were suggestive associations for chlorpyrifos use with having any police encounter and with all measures of delinquent acts that warrant confirmation in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Gunier
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | | | - Stephen Rauch
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Katherine Kogut
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Sagiv
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Carly Hyland
- School of Public Health and Population Science, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Ana Maria Mora
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Arab A, Mostafalou S. Neurotoxicity of pesticides in the context of CNS chronic diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2718-2755. [PMID: 34663153 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1987396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Following the introduction and application of pesticides in human life, they have always been along with health concerns both in acute poisoning and chronic toxicities. Neurotoxicity of pesticides in chronic exposures has been known as one of the most important human health problems, as most of these chemicals act through interacting with some elements of nervous system. Pesticide-induced neurotoxicity can be defined in different categories of neurological disorders including neurodegenerative (Alzheimer, Parkinson, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis), neurodevelopmental (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, developmental delay, and intellectual disability), neurobehavioral and neuropsychiatric (depression/suicide attempt, anxiety/insomnia, and cognitive impairment) disorders some of which are among the most debilitating human health problems. In this review, neurotoxicity of pesticides in the mentioned categories and sub-categories of neurological diseases have been systematically presented in relation to different route of exposures including general, occupational, environmental, prenatal, postnatal, and paternal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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17
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Roh ME, Mpimbaza A, Oundo B, Irish A, Murphy M, Wu SL, White JS, Shiboski S, Glymour MM, Gosling R, Dorsey G, Sturrock H. Association between indoor residual spraying and pregnancy outcomes: a quasi-experimental study from Uganda. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1489-1501. [PMID: 35301532 PMCID: PMC9557839 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Indoor residual spraying with insecticide (IRS) reduces malaria infections, yet the effects of IRS on pregnancy outcomes are not well established. We evaluated the impact of a large-scale IRS campaign on pregnancy outcomes in Eastern Uganda. METHODS Birth records (n = 59 992) were obtained from routine surveillance data at 25 health facilities from five districts that were part of the IRS campaign and six neighbouring control districts ∼27 months before and ∼24 months after the start of the campaign (January 2013-May 2017). Campaign effects on low birthweight (LBW) and stillbirth incidence were estimated using the matrix completion method (MC-NNM), a machine-learning approach to estimating potential outcomes, and compared with the difference-in-differences (DiD) estimator. Subgroup analyses were conducted by HIV and gravidity. RESULTS MC-NNM estimates indicated that the campaign was associated with a 33% reduction in LBW incidence: incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49-0.93)]. DiD estimates were similar to MC-NNM [IRR = 0.69 (0.47-1.01)], despite a parallel trends violation during the pre-IRS period. The campaign was not associated with substantial reductions in stillbirth incidence [IRRMC-NNM = 0.94 (0.50-1.77)]. HIV status modified the effects of the IRS campaign on LBW [βIRSxHIV = 0.42 (0.05-0.78)], whereby HIV-negative women appeared to benefit from the campaign [IRR = 0.70 (0.61-0.81)], but not HIV-positive women [IRR = 1.12 (0.59-2.12)]. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the effectiveness of the campaign in Eastern Uganda based on its benefit to LBW prevention, though HIV-positive women may require additional interventions. The IRS campaign was not associated with a substantively lower stillbirth incidence, warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Roh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute of Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arthur Mpimbaza
- Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brenda Oundo
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Amanda Irish
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute of Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell Murphy
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sean L Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Justin S White
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Shiboski
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roly Gosling
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute of Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hugh Sturrock
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute of Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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18
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Thistle JE, Ramos A, Roell KR, Choi G, Manley CK, Hall AM, Villanger GD, Cequier E, Sakhi AK, Thomsen C, Zeiner P, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Øvergaard KR, Herring A, Aase H, Engel SM. Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide exposure and executive function in preschool-aged children in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113555. [PMID: 35613628 PMCID: PMC9484279 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) has been associated with neurodevelopmental deficits in children, however evidence linking OPPs with specific cognitive mechanisms, such as executive function (EF), is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to OPPs with multiple measures of EF in preschool-aged children, while considering the role of variant alleles in OPP metabolism genes. METHODS We included 262 children with preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 78 typically developing children, from the Preschool ADHD substudy of the Norwegian, Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Participants who gave birth between 2004 and 2008 were invited to participate in an on-site clinical assessment when the child was approximately 3.5 years; measurements of EF included parent and teacher rating on Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P), and three performance-based assessments. We measured OPP metabolites in maternal urines collected at ∼17 weeks' gestation to calculate total dimethyl- (ΣDMP) and diethyl phosphate (ΣDEP) metabolite concentrations. We estimated multivariable adjusted β's and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) corresponding to a change in z-score per unit increase in log-ΣDMP/DEP. We further characterized gene-OPP interactions for maternal variants in PON1 (Q192R, M55L), CYP1A2 (1548T > C), CYP1A1 (IntG > A) and CYP2A6 (-47A > C). RESULTS Prenatal OPP metabolite concentrations were associated with worse parent and teacher ratings of emotional control, inhibition, and working memory. A one log-∑DMP increase was associated with poorer teacher ratings of EF on the BRIEF-P (e.g. emotional control domain: β = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.74), when weighted to account for sampling procedures. We found less consistent associations with performance-based EF assessments. We found some evidence of modification for PON1 Q192R and CYP2A6 -47A > C. Association with other variants were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of prenatal OPP exposure were associated with more adverse teacher and parent ratings of EF in preschool-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake E Thistle
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Amanda Ramos
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kyle R Roell
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Giehae Choi
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cherrel K Manley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amber M Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gro D Villanger
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Enrique Cequier
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit K Sakhi
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Zeiner
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin R Øvergaard
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amy Herring
- Department of Statistical Science, Global Health Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Tap Water Consumption Is Associated with Schoolchildren’s Cognitive Deficits in Afghanistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148252. [PMID: 35886101 PMCID: PMC9321136 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental influence on intelligence quotient (IQ) is poorly understood in developing countries. We conducted the first cross-sectional investigation to assess the role of socio-economic and environmental factors on schoolchildren’s IQ in Jalalabad, Afghanistan. A representative sample of 245 schoolchildren aged 7–15 was randomly selected in five schools. Children’s records included: non-verbal IQ TONI-1 scale, body mass index, socio-economic status, and further environmental indicators (water supply, proximity to a heavy-traffic road, use of surma traditional cosmetics). The mean age of the children was 11.7 years old (±2.0 years), and 70.2% and 29.8% were male and female, respectively. The children’s mean IQ was 83.8 (±12.6). In total, 37 (14.9%) of the children were overweight, 78 (31.5%) were living below the USD 1.25 poverty line, 133 (53.6%) used tap water supply, 76 (30.6%) used surma, and 166 (66.9%) were exposed to heavy road traffic. The children’s IQ was significantly and independently lowered by tap water use (−3.9; 95% CI [−7.1; −0.6]) and by aging (−1.4; 95% CI [−2.2; −0.6]), as revealed in multivariate analysis, independently of gender, socio-economic status, exposure to heavy road traffic, overweight status, and surma use. Lower IQ among older children is possibly attributed to chronic stress experienced by adolescents due to living conditions in Afghanistan. While using tap water prevents fecal peril, it may expose children to toxic elements such as lead which is known to lower their intellectual development.
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Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides and Preschool ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138148. [PMID: 35805806 PMCID: PMC9266339 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) exposure has been associated with child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in agricultural communities and those that are exposed to residentially applied insecticides. To examine this association in populations that are exposed primarily through diet, we estimate the associations between prenatal OPP exposure and preschool ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and describe modification by paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene variants. We used participants from the MoBa Preschool ADHD Sub-study (n = 259 cases) and a random sample of MoBa sub-cohort participants (n = 547) with birth years from 2004 to 2008. Prenatal urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites (total diethylphosphate [∑DEP] and total dimethylphosphate [∑DMP]) were measured by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight system and summed by molar concentration. Maternal DNA was genotyped for coding variants of PON1 (Q192R and L55M). We used a multivariable logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for maternal education, parity, income dependency, age, marital status, ADHD-like symptoms, pesticide use, produce consumption, and season. We found no associations between DAP metabolite concentrations and preschool ADHD. The adjusted ORs for exposure quartiles 2-4 relative to 1 were slightly inverse. No monotonic trends were observed, and the estimates lacked precision, likely due to the small sample size and variation in the population. We found no evidence of modification by PON1 SNP variation or child sex. Maternal urinary DAP concentrations were not associated with preschool ADHD.
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Sharma A, Kumar N, Sillanpää M, Makgwane PR, Kumar S, Kumari K. Carbon nano-structures and functionalized associates: Adsorptive detoxification of organic and inorganic water pollutants. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Piracón JAB, Hernández-Bonilla D, Menezes-Filho JA, van Wendel de Joode B, Lozada YAV, Bahia TC, Cortes MAQ, Achury NJM, Muñoz IAM, Pardo MAH. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to pesticides and school-age children’s cognitive ability in rural Bogotá, Colombia. Neurotoxicology 2022; 90:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hyland C, Bradshaw P, Deardorff J, Gunier RB, Mora AM, Kogut K, Sagiv SK, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Interactions of agricultural pesticide use near home during pregnancy and adverse childhood experiences on adolescent neurobehavioral development in the CHAMACOS study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111908. [PMID: 34425114 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have documented independent adverse associations between prenatal and early-life exposure to environmental chemicals and social adversity with child neurodevelopment; however, few have considered these exposures jointly. The objective of this analysis is to examine whether associations of pesticide mixtures and adolescent neurobehavioral development are modified by early-life adversity in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) cohort. METHODS We used linear mixed effects Bayesian Hierarchical Models (BHM) to examine the joint effect of applications of 11 agricultural pesticides within 1 km of maternal homes during pregnancy and youth-reported Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) with maternal and youth-reported internalizing behaviors, hyperactivity, and attention problems assessed via the Behavior Assessment for Children (BASC) (mean = 50, standard deviation = 10) at ages 16 and 18 years (n = 458). RESULTS The median (25th-75th percentiles) of ACEs was 1 (0-3); 72.3% of participants had low ACEs (0-2 events) and 27.7% had ACEs (3+ events). Overall, there was little evidence of modification of exposure-outcome associations by ACEs. A two-fold increase in malathion use was associated with increased internalizing behaviors among those with high ACEs from both maternal- (β = 1.9; 95% Credible Interval (CrI): 0.2, 3.7 for high ACEs vs. β = -0.1; 95% CrI: 1.2, 0.9 for low ACEs) and youth-report (β = 2.1; 95% CrI: 0.4, 3.8 for high ACEs vs. β = 0.2; 95% CrI: 0.8, 1.2 for low ACEs). Applications of malathion and dimethoate were also associated with higher youth-reported hyperactivity and/or inattention among those with high ACEs. CONCLUSION We observed little evidence of effect modification of agricultural pesticide use near the home during pregnancy and adolescent behavioral problems by child ACEs. Future studies should examine critical windows of susceptibility of exposure to chemical and non-chemical stressors and should consider biomarker-based exposure assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Hyland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States; Department of Public Health and Population Science, College of Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Patrick Bradshaw
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ana M Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Sharon K Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States; Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, University of California, Merced, United States
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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Hernandez I, Eckel SP, Chavez T, Johnson M, Lerner D, Grubbs B, Toledo-Corral CM, Farzan SF, Habre R, Dunton GF, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Household pesticide exposures and infant gross motor development in the MADRES cohort. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2022; 36:220-229. [PMID: 34964501 PMCID: PMC8881403 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of motor skills in infancy is a vital neurodevelopmental milestone. Although previous studies have explored the neurotoxic effects of agricultural pesticides on infants' motor development, limited research has examined early postnatal household pesticide use on infants' motor development, particularly among urban communities. OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between early postnatal household pesticide use and infants' gross and fine motor development at 6 months of age. METHODS Questionnaires were administered via telephone to 296 mother-infant dyads in the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort. Early life household pesticide use was assessed via questionnaire administered when infants turned 3 months old and gross and fine motor development was assessed by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) at 6 months old. Infant gross motor scores were reverse coded so that higher scores indicated lower gross motor performance. Negative binomial regressions were performed to assess the relationship between household pesticide use and infant gross motor development. RESULTS Infants were predominantly Hispanic (78.7%) and full term (gestational age at birth: 39.0 ± 1.9 weeks), with 22.3% of maternal participants reporting household use of rodent and insect pesticides. Adjusting for recruitment site, maternal age, ethnicity, household income, education, infant corrected age, infant sex, and home type, infants with maternal-reported household use of rodent and insect pesticides had 1.30 times higher expected gross motor scores (95% confiidence interval 1.05, 1.61) than infants with no reported use of household pesticides, with higher scores indicating reduced gross motor performance. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest household use of rodent and insect pesticides may harm infants' gross motor development in early childhood. Future research should evaluate the impact of specific household chemicals in infant biospecimens and their associations with infant motor development to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Health Sciences, California State University Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhang J, Guo J, Wu C, Qi X, Jiang S, Lv S, Lu D, Liang W, Chang X, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Zhou Z. Carbamate pesticides exposure and delayed physical development at the age of seven: Evidence from the SMBCS study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 160:107076. [PMID: 34999346 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbamate pesticides are widely used in agriculture and cause widespread human exposure. The health effect of carbamates on physical development remains unclear. The current study aimed to explore the carbamate's health effect on physical development. METHODS Prenatal, 3-year-old, 7-year-old urinary carbofuranphenol concentration was measured by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and adjusted by creatinine. Anthropometric indices were measured by standard method and z-score standardized. Generalized linear models (GLM) were using to assess associations between exposure measurements and anthropometric indices. The generalized estimate equation (GEE) was applied to analyze the association between multiperiod exposure and anthropometric indices, and time-interaction terms were used to exam health effect consistency of exposure in each period. Gender-stratified analysis were conducted according to results of gender-interaction terms to identify gender-specific effects. RESULTS The gender-interaction term of prenatal exposure with height z-score was significant (β = -0.057; 95% CI: -0.113, -0.001; p = 0.045). The 3-year-old carbofuranphenol level showed negative associations with weight z-score (β = -0.019; 95% CI: -0.038, -0.000; p = 0.040), height z-score (β = -0.015; 95% CI: -0.028, -0.001; p = 0.026), chest circumference (β = -0.086; 95% CI: -0.171, -0.001; p = 0.046), and waist circumference (β = -0.128; 95% CI: -0.230, -0.026; p = 0.014). No statistically significant trend was found for prenatal and 7-year-old carbofuranphenol levels. In GEEs, carbofuranphenol level was negatively associated with weight z-score (β = -0.103; 95% CI: -0.195, -0.011; p = 0.027), height z-score (β = -0.087; 95% CI: -0.152, -0.022; p = 0.008), and chest circumference (β = -0.472; 95% CI: -0.918, -0.026; p = 0.037). Boy's height z-score was inversely associated with carbamate exposure (β = -0.140; 95% CI: -0.227, -0.053; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal and postnatal carbamate exposure may affect physical developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Zhang
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianqiu Guo
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shenliang Lv
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Weijiu Liang
- Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden; Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/ Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/ Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Chien YH, Su CH, Hu CC, Yeh KH, Lin WC. Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Colorimetric Assay Featuring Thiol-Capped Au Nanoparticles Combined with a Mobile Application for On-Site Parathion Organophosphate Pesticide Detection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:838-848. [PMID: 34989582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we employed a dual strategy for parathion organophosphate pesticide (parathion) detection; first, we used a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based colorimetric sensor featuring thiol-capped Au NPs, namely cysteine (Cys)@Au NPs, 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA)@Au NPs, and glutathione (GSH)@Au NPs, via acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) and acetylthiocholine (ATCH) enzyme-mediated hydrolysis reactions; second, we developed a color analysis toxicity-sensing app (Toxin APP). Positively charged thiocholine (TCH) molecules, which were continuously generated via hydrolysis, subsequently conjugated with thiol-capped Au NPs, causing Au NP aggregation through electrostatic attractions. The degree of aggregation of the thiol-capped Au NPs was influenced by parathion concentrations in the range 0 to 108 ppt, because parathion acted as an ACHE inhibitor by controlling the amount of TCH generated. Based on the values of LSPR absorbance ratio, the limits of detection (LODs) of three types thiol-capped Au NPs were determined to be 100 ppt using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy measurements. However, the aggregation efficiency of GSH@Au NPs was lower than that of the others regarding gradual changes in their color and LSPR absorbance band. Furthermore, we designed Toxin APP for color analysis which consists of three modules: processing, database collection, and communication. Toxin APP could on-site and precisely detect the color changes of GSH@Au NPs at parathion concentrations in the ranges of 100 ppt to 1, 10, and 100 ppm and could distinguish between OP and non-OP pesticides (e.g., fipronil) in tap water samples with high sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, the concentration of residual parathion in real samples (tomato and strawberry) was quantified based on the color changes of GSH@Au NPs detected using Toxin APP. Therefore, the combination of an LSPR-based colorimetric assay and Toxin APP can be a reliable method for the facile and rapid detection of parathion in food and water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Chien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsiang Yeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
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Cecchi A, Alvarez G, Quidel N, Bertone MC, Anderle S, Sabino G, Magnarelli GG, Rovedatti MG. Residential proximity to pesticide applications in Argentine Patagonia: impact on pregnancy and newborn parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56565-56579. [PMID: 34060016 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among residents living close to agricultural fields who are potentially exposed to pesticides, pregnant women and their fetuses are of particular concern for their vulnerability to environmental chemicals. In this collaborative multicenter study, we covered a wide distribution of participants in the most important fruit production zone of north Patagonia (Argentina) to investigate whether maternal residential proximity to fruit croplands with intense pesticide applications (rural group -RG-) is associated with pregnancy complications and alterations in their newborn parameters compared to the urban population (urban group -UG-). A total of 776 pregnant women met the inclusion criteria. The percentage of threatened miscarriage was significantly higher in the RG than in the UG. The percentage of miscarriage, threat of premature labor, intrauterine fetal death, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and intrauterine growth retardation were similar in both groups. Newborn anthropometric parameters were corrected by sex and gestational age prior to statistical analysis. Length at birth and head circumference were lower in the RG than in the UG. Birth weight was similar in both groups. The percentage of head circumference less than the 5th percentile and the ponderal index were greater in the RG than in the UG. Our results suggest that proximity to pesticide applications may increase the risk of pregnancy complications and altered newborn parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Cecchi
- Hospital Allen Dr. Ernesto Accame, Ingeniero Quesnel s/n, Allen, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Alvarez
- Hospital Provincial Neuquén Dr. Castro Rendón, Buenos Aires 450, (8300) Neuquén, 450, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Natalia Quidel
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Av. Luis Toschi y Los Arrayanes, (8324) Cipolletti, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Bertone
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Av. Luis Toschi y Los Arrayanes, (8324) Cipolletti, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Sofia Anderle
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Av. Luis Toschi y Los Arrayanes, (8324) Cipolletti, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Sabino
- Facultad de Economía y Administración, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, (8300), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Gladis G Magnarelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Av. Luis Toschi y Los Arrayanes, (8324) Cipolletti, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Rovedatti
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, and Laboratorio de Toxicología de Mezclas Químicas (LATOMEQ), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4to piso. Intendente Güiraldes 2160, (C1428EGA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Juntarawijit Y, Chaichanawirote U, Rakmeesri P, Chairattanasakda P, Pumyim V, Juntarawijit C. Chlorpyrifos and other pesticide exposure and suspected developmental delay in children aged under 5 years: a case-control study in Phitsanulok, Thailand. F1000Res 2021; 9:1501. [PMID: 34557296 PMCID: PMC8442115 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27874.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Developmental delay among children under 5 years of age is a serious global public health problem and much research has been carried out to find potential causes. Pesticides - especially organophosphates - are suspected to be one of the main causes of the problem. This study aimed to investigate the association between pesticide use by the mother during pregnancy and preschool children development using a case-control study. Methods: Data on prenatal and postnatal pesticide exposure of 442 children with suspected developmental delay, and 413 controls with normal development were included for analysis. The children were matched for gender, age, and residency. Data on pesticide exposure were collected via interview with the mother, and data on pregnancy outcomes abstracted from hospital records. Results: Chlorpyrifos exposure significantly increased the risk of developmental delay with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.71 (95% CI 1.03-13.36) for ever use of the pesticide, and an OR of 5.92 (95% CI 1.01-34.68) for postnatal exposure (p <0.05). Some other pesticides also had a positive association with developmental delay but none were statistically significant (p <0.05). Those pesticides were insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, and molluscicide. Individual pesticides with a positive association were glyphosate, paraquat, butachlor, methyl parathion (pholidon), savin, methomyl, endosulfan, carbosulfan, methamidophos, monochrotofos, mancozeb, and bordeaumixture. Conclusions: This case-control study found that chlorpyrifos and some other pesticides exposure during pregnancy were positively associated with developmental delay in children aged under 5 years. Further research should be conducted to better understand this potential effects of pesticides on child neurodevelopment, and the public - especially those who plan to have families - should be informed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paphada Rakmeesri
- Faculty of Nursing, Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University, Kamphaeng Phet, 62000, Thailand
| | | | - Varintorn Pumyim
- Jomthong Health Promoting Hospital, Muang District Health Office, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Chudchawal Juntarawijit
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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29
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Society to cell: How child poverty gets “Under the Skin” to influence child development and lifelong health. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2021.100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Vernet C, Johnson M, Kogut K, Hyland C, Deardorff J, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Organophosphate pesticide exposure during pregnancy and childhood and onset of juvenile delinquency by age 16 years: The CHAMACOS cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111055. [PMID: 33766567 PMCID: PMC8191343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though prenatal organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure has been associated with lower intellectual quotient and behavioral disorders in childhood, factors related to later delinquency, no research has directly evaluated the impact of OPs on delinquency. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between prenatal and childhood OP exposure and juvenile delinquency in Mexican-American youth in the Center for Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS). METHODS We measured dialkyl phosphate (DAPs) urinary metabolites of OPs in two prenatal maternal samples and in five child samples collected between six months and five years of age. Youth completed delinquency questionnaires at 16 years. We examined associations of prenatal and childhood DAPs with several delinquency outcomes (n = 313) using survival and generalized linear models. RESULTS Almost 60% of youth reported delinquent acts (mostly minor), and 8% reported a police arrest. We observed largely null results of prenatal or childhood DAP concentrations and delinquency outcomes, with some isolated associations. A ten-fold increase in maternal dimethylphosphate (DM) concentrations measured after 20 weeks gestation was associated with an earlier age of first delinquent act (Hazard Ratio = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.88) and an increased Odds Ratio (OR) of having committed 1-3 or ≥4 delinquent acts, compared to the no delinquency reference group (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.01-3.08 and 2.17, 95% CI: 1.13-4.17, respectively). Higher childhood diethylphosphate (DE) concentrations were associated with a later age of first delinquent act (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46-0.97). DISCUSSION We did not find strong evidence of association between prenatal or childhood OP exposure and juvenile delinquency in the present cohort. There is an increasing literature that relates OP exposure to neurobehavioral impairments in childhood, and there is a need to understand long-term potential neurodevelopmental effects of early-life OP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Vernet
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA; UMRESTTE, Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Bron, France
| | - Megan Johnson
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Carly Hyland
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
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31
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Nuseir KQ, Tahaineh L, Al-Mehaisen LM, Al-Kuran O, Ayoub NM, Mukattash TL, Al-Rawi N. Organophosphate pesticide exposure prenatally influence on pregnancy outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:4841-4846. [PMID: 33522334 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1869719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are widely used worldwide. The effect of OP exposure during pregnancy on the offspring is inconsistent in the current literature. Moreover, similar studies in the Middle East are lacking. PURPOSE To examine the effects of OP exposure in utero on the outcome of pregnancies in an agricultural region in Jordan. METHOD A prospective study, employing a questionnaire to collect women demographic data. Hospital records were collected for newborns' birth data. In addition, urine samples during the third trimester were collected from pregnant women and then analyzed for six OP metabolites to measure exposure. RESULTS One of the metabolites, DEDTP, was negatively correlated with gestational age and Apgar scores 1 and 5. There were no other significant associations. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to OP during pregnancy is not highly associated with any negative anthropometric characteristics of the newborns; it is probably offset by other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Q Nuseir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Linda Tahaineh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Oqba Al-Kuran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nehad M Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tareq L Mukattash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Naseer Al-Rawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Amman Al Ahliyya University, Amman, Jordan
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Herd P, Sicinski K, Asthana S. Does Rural Living in Early Life Increase the Risk for Reduced Cognitive Functioning in Later Life? J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1171-1182. [PMID: 34151799 PMCID: PMC11168580 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a robust consensus, most recently articulated in the 2020 Lancet Commission, that the roots of dementia can be traced to early life, and that the path to prevention may start there as well. Indeed, a growing body of research demonstrates that early life disadvantage may influence the risk for later life dementia and cognitive decline. A still understudied risk, however, is early life rural residence, a plausible pathway given related economic and educational disadvantages, as well as associations between later life rural living and lower levels of cognitive functioning. OBJECTIVE We aim to examine whether living in rural environments during early life has long term implications for cognitive health in later life. METHODS We employed the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, which tracked 1 in every 3 high school graduates from the class of 1957, from infancy to ∼age 72. The data include a rich array of prospectively collected early life data, unique among existing studies, as well as later life measures of cognitive functioning. RESULTS We found a robust relationship between early life rural residence, especially living on a farm, and long-term risk for reduced cognitive performance on recall and fluency tasks. Controls for adolescent cognitive functioning, APOEɛ2 and APOEɛ4, as well as childhood and adult factors, ranging from early life socioeconomic conditions to later life health and rural and farm residency, did not alter the findings. CONCLUSION Rural living in early life is an independent risk for lower levels of cognitive functioning in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Herd
- Georgetown University, McCourt School of Public Policy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kamil Sicinski
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Center for Demography of Health and Aging, Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, UW-Madison Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Madison, WI, USA
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Juntarawijit Y, Chaichanawirote U, Rakmeesri P, Chairattanasakda P, Pumyim V, Juntarawijit C. Chlorpyrifos and other pesticide exposure and suspected developmental delay in children aged under 5 years: a case-control study in Phitsanulok, Thailand. F1000Res 2020; 9:1501. [PMID: 34557296 PMCID: PMC8442115 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27874.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Developmental delay among children under 5 years of age is a serious global public health problem and much research has been carried out to find potential causes. Pesticides - especially organophosphates - are suspected to be one of the main causes of the problem. This study aimed to investigate the association between pesticide use by the mother during pregnancy and preschool children development using a case-control study. Methods: Data on prenatal and postnatal pesticide exposure of 442 children with suspected developmental delay, and 413 controls with normal development were included for analysis. The children were matched for gender, age, and residency. Data on pesticide exposure were collected via interview with the mother, and data on pregnancy outcomes abstracted from hospital records. Results: Chlorpyrifos exposure significantly increased the risk of developmental delay with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.71 (95% CI 1.03-13.36) for ever use of the pesticide, and an OR of 5.92 (95% CI 1.01-34.68) for postnatal exposure (p <0.05). Some other pesticides also had a positive association with developmental delay but none were statistically significant (p <0.05). Those pesticides were insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, and molluscicide. Individual pesticides with a positive association were glyphosate, paraquat, butachlor, methyl parathion (pholidon), savin, methomyl, endosulfan, carbosulfan, methamidophos, monochrotofos, mancozeb, and bordeaumixture. Conclusions: This case-control study found that chlorpyrifos and some other pesticides exposure during pregnancy were positively associated with developmental delay in children aged under 5 years. Further research should be conducted to better understand this potential effects of pesticides on child neurodevelopment, and the public - especially those who plan to have families - should be informed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paphada Rakmeesri
- Faculty of Nursing, Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University, Kamphaeng Phet, 62000, Thailand
| | | | - Varintorn Pumyim
- Jomthong Health Promoting Hospital, Muang District Health Office, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Chudchawal Juntarawijit
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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Zhang J, Guo J, Wu C, Qi X, Jiang S, Zhou T, Xiao H, Li W, Lu D, Feng C, Liang W, Chang X, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Wang G, Zhou Z. Early-life carbamate exposure and intelligence quotient of seven-year-old children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106105. [PMID: 32919260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life carbamate exposure during developmental period has been linked with adverse health effects and attracted attention. METHODS Three hundred and three children at age of seven were included in the current study. Urinary carbofuranphenol concentrations were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Verbal, performance and full-scale intelligence quotients (IQV, IQP, and IQFS) were assessed using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Chinese Revised. Generalized linear models were used to explore the associations between carbofuranphenol levels and IQs. Generalized estimating equations were used to explore long-term health effect and sensitive time window. RESULTS Carbofuranphenol was detected in 96.6% of the seven-year-old urinary samples, the geometric mean, median, and inter quartile range of the carbofuranphenol concentrations were 0.67 μg/L, 0.30 μg/L, and 0.09-3.72 μg/L, respectively, which were similar with the level of three-year-old children from the SMBCS cohort. Seven-year-old carbofuranphenol level was negatively associated with IQP [β = -0.044; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.087, -0.001; p = 0.045]. Three-year-old carbofuranphenol level was negatively associated with IQP (β = -0.100; 95% CI: -0.186, -0.014; p = 0.022) and IQFS (β = -0.087; 95% CI: -0.173, -0.001; p = 0.047). Carbamate exposure of maternal and children at both three and seven years old had negative associations with IQP (β = -0.089; 95% CI: -0.171, -0.007; p = 0.034), and IQFS (β = -0.064; 95% CI: -0.127, -0.000; p = 0.049) of children at age of seven. CONCLUSION Results of the present study verify that children in an agricultural region of China were widely exposed to carbamate pesticides. Carbamate exposure in utero and at three and seven years may adversely impact children's neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Zhang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianqiu Guo
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongxi Xiao
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenting Li
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Weijiu Liang
- Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Schantz SL, Eskenazi B, Buckley JP, Braun JM, Sprowles JN, Bennett DH, Cordero J, Frazier JA, Lewis J, Hertz-Picciotto I, Lyall K, Nozadi SS, Sagiv S, Stroustrup A, Volk HE, Watkins DJ. A framework for assessing the impact of chemical exposures on neurodevelopment in ECHO: Opportunities and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109709. [PMID: 32526495 PMCID: PMC7483364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program is a research initiative funded by the National Institutes of Health that capitalizes on existing cohort studies to investigate the impact of early life environmental factors on child health and development from infancy through adolescence. In the initial stage of the program, extant data from 70 existing cohort studies are being uploaded to a database that will be publicly available to researchers. This new database will represent an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to combine data across existing cohorts to address associations between prenatal chemical exposures and child neurodevelopment. Data elements collected by ECHO cohorts were determined via a series of surveys administered by the ECHO Data Analysis Center. The most common chemical classes quantified in multiple cohorts include organophosphate pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, environmental phenols (including bisphenol A), phthalates, and metals. For each of these chemicals, at least four ECHO cohorts also collected behavioral data during infancy/early childhood using the Child Behavior Checklist. For these chemicals and this neurodevelopmental assessment (as an example), existing data from multiple ECHO cohorts could be pooled to address research questions requiring larger sample sizes than previously available. In addition to summarizing the data that will be available, the article also describes some of the challenges inherent in combining existing data across cohorts, as well as the gaps that could be filled by the additional data collection in the ECHO Program going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Schantz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Jenna N Sprowles
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jose Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Jean A Frazier
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program and Center for Native Environmental Health Equity Research, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | | | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sara S Nozadi
- Community Environmental Health Program and Center for Native Environmental Health Equity Research, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Sharon Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - AnneMarie Stroustrup
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Heather E Volk
- Departments of Mental Health and Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Suarez-Lopez JR, Nazeeh N, Kayser G, Suárez-Torres J, Checkoway H, López-Paredes D, Jacobs DR, Cruz FDL. Residential proximity to greenhouse crops and pesticide exposure (via acetylcholinesterase activity) assessed from childhood through adolescence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109728. [PMID: 32798937 PMCID: PMC7483309 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Off-target drift of pesticides from farms increases the risk of pesticide exposure of people living nearby. Cholinesterase inhibitors (i.e. organophosphates and carbamates) are frequently used in agriculture and inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Greenhouse agriculture is an important production method, but it is unknown how far pesticide drift from greenhouses can extend and expose people living nearby. METHODS This study included 1156 observations from 3 exams (2008, Apr, 2016 and Jul-Oct 2016) of 623 children aged 4-to-17 years living in agricultural communities in Ecuador. AChE, a physiological marker of cholinesterase inhibitor exposure, was measured in blood. Geographic positioning of greenhouses and homes were obtained using GPS receivers and satellite imagery. Distances between homes and the nearest greenhouse edge, and areas of greenhouse crops within various buffer zones around homes were calculated. Repeated-measures regression adjusted for hemoglobin and other covariates estimated change in AChE relative to distance from greenhouses. RESULTS The pooled mean (SD) of AChE activity was 3.58 U/mL (0.60). The median (25th-75th %tile) residential distance to crops was 334 m (123, 648) and crop area within 500 m of homes (non-zero values only) was 18,482 m2 (7115, 61,841). Residential proximity to greenhouse crops was associated with lower AChE activity among children living within 275 m of crops (AChE difference per 100 m of proximity [95% CI] = -0.10 U/mL [-0.20, -0.006]). Lower AChE activity was associated with greater crop area within 500 m of homes (AChE difference per 1000 m2 [95% CI] = -0.026 U/mL [-0.040, -0.012]) and especially within 150 m (-0.037 U/mL [-0.065, -0.007]). CONCLUSIONS Residential proximity to floricultural greenhouses, especially within 275 m, was associated with lower AChE activity among children, reflecting greater cholinesterase inhibitor exposure from pesticide drift. Analyses of residential proximity and crop areas near homes yielded complementary findings. Mitigation of off-target drift of pesticides from crops onto nearby homes is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Suarez-Lopez
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Noor Nazeeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Georgia Kayser
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Harvey Checkoway
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Gestational exposures to organophosphorus insecticides: From acute poisoning to developmental neurotoxicity. Neuropharmacology 2020; 180:108271. [PMID: 32814088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For over three-quarters of a century, organophosphorus (OP) insecticides have been ubiquitously used in agricultural, residential, and commercial settings and in public health programs to mitigate insect-borne diseases. Their broad-spectrum insecticidal effectiveness is accounted for by the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that catalyzes acetylcholine (ACh) hydrolysis, in the nervous system of insects. However, because AChE is evolutionarily conserved, OP insecticides are also toxic to mammals, including humans, and acute OP intoxication remains a major public health concern in countries where OP insecticide usage is poorly regulated. Environmental exposures to OP levels that are generally too low to cause marked inhibition of AChE and to trigger acute signs of intoxication, on the other hand, represent an insidious public health issue worldwide. Gestational exposures to OP insecticides are particularly concerning because of the exquisite sensitivity of the developing brain to these insecticides. The present article overviews and discusses: (i) the health effects and therapeutic management of acute OP poisoning during pregnancy, (ii) epidemiological studies examining associations between environmental OP exposures during gestation and health outcomes of offspring, (iii) preclinical evidence that OP insecticides are developmental neurotoxicants, and (iv) potential mechanisms underlying the developmental neurotoxicity of OP insecticides. Understanding how gestational exposures to different levels of OP insecticides affect pregnancy and childhood development is critical to guiding implementation of preventive measures and direct research aimed at identifying effective therapeutic interventions that can limit the negative impact of these exposures on public health.
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Agost L, Velázquez GA. Crop proximity index for monitoring of peri-urban land use in agro-industrial crop regions. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04382. [PMID: 32671267 PMCID: PMC7350127 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The agro-industrial production of genetically modified organisms uses great amounts of pesticides, close to cities, which generates growing concern due to the numerous evidence of their negative effects on health and the environment. In a context of the lack, or inaccessibility, of official data on crop dynamics and pesticide use, environmental indicators using satellite data are needed for the proper monitoring of peri-urban areas. The objective of this research is to make a crop proximity index using satellite information to assess and monitor peri-urban agro-industrial activity. Twenty cities in Argentina and ten in the United States were selected. The CPI index is designed to evaluate a city and its peri-urban areas as a whole by taking account of the land uses and factors that can potentially influence the proximity to agro-industrial activity to the population living in those cities. Agriculture factor was weighted by proximity or remoteness using perimeter rings from the urban edge. All the necessary data for the calculation of the CPI index were obtained through the classification and processing of Sentinel 2 satellite images with software and the Google Earth Engine platform. The results show a worrying situation, 90% of cities in Argentina and 80% in the United States have a negative CPI. Most of the cities examined are extremely close to extensive areas of crops, that use a high amount of pesticides and which do not have the protection of trees or buffer zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Agost
- Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables (CERNAR) - IIByT CONICET- UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Angel Velázquez
- Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales (CONICET/UNCPBA) y Centro de Investigaciones Geográficas (FCH/UNCPBA), Pinto 399, CP 7000, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ito Y, Ueyama J, Nakayama SF, Isobe T, Oya N, Sato H, Ebara T, Yoshimasu K, Tsuno K, Tatsuta N, Nakai K, Kamijima M. Within-individual and interlaboratory variability analyses of urinary metabolites measurements of organophosphorus insecticides. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:721-729. [PMID: 30728480 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-spot urine is often used to estimate organophosphorus insecticide (OP) exposure. However, variations of urinary metabolite concentrations during the day are considerable as OP half-lives are short and as diet is their main exposure source. In addition, quality control is indispensable for institutions that analyze these metabolites. This study aimed to clarify (1) adequate frequencies of urine collection for estimating OP exposure and (2) interlaboratory variation in measured concentrations of OP metabolites, dialkylphosphates (DAPs). To quantify intra-individual variations, urine was collected eight times during a period that spanned 5 consecutive days from nine children aged 5-6 years. For interlaboratory variations, 41 spot samples from 14 pregnant women and 13 three-year-old children were used. Intraclass correlation coefficients for the DAPs were moderate but misclassification occurred in > 50% of the surrogate category analyses using single measurements. The misclassification frequency decreased to satisfactory levels when three temporal measurements were conducted. Values of four DAPs measured in the two laboratories correlated well except in the cases of urine samples obtained from two pregnant women. In conclusion, urinary DAPs should be measured from spot urine samples obtained during 3 different days. Sharing matrix-contained standards and quality control samples should minimize interlaboratory variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Jun Ueyama
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoko Oya
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshimasu
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kanami Tsuno
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Dereumeaux C, Fillol C, Quenel P, Denys S. Pesticide exposures for residents living close to agricultural lands: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105210. [PMID: 31739132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residents living close to agricultural lands might be exposed to pesticides through non-occupational pathways including spray drift and volatilization of pesticides beyond the treated area. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to identify and analyze scientific literature measuring pesticide exposure in non-farmworker residents living close to agricultural lands, and to suggest practical implications and needs for future studies. METHODS A review was performed using inclusion criteria to identify original articles of interest published between 2003 and 2018. RESULTS From the 29 articles selected in this review, 2 belonged to the same study and were grouped, resulting in a total of 27 studies. Seven studies assessed exposure to pesticides using environmental samples, 13 collected biological samples and 7 analyzed both. Nine studies included a reference group of residents living far from agricultural lands while 11 assessed the influence of the spraying season or spray events on pesticide exposures. Studies included in this review provide evidence that residents living near to agricultural lands are exposed to higher levels of pesticides than residents living further away. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This review highlights that the following study design characteristics may be more appropriate than others to measure pesticide spray drift exposure in non-farmworker residents living close to agricultural lands: inclusion of a non-agricultural control group, collection of both biological and environmental samples with repeated sampling, measurements at different periods of the year, selection of numerous study sites related to one specific crop group, and measurements of pesticides which are specific to agricultural use. However, few studies to date incorporate all these characteristics. Additional studies are needed to comprehensively measure non-occupational pesticide exposures in this population in order to evaluate health risks, and to develop appropriate prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Dereumeaux
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France.
| | - Clémence Fillol
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Quenel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Denys
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
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Friedman E, Hazlehurst MF, Loftus C, Karr C, McDonald KN, Suarez-Lopez JR. Residential proximity to greenhouse agriculture and neurobehavioral performance in Ecuadorian children. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 223:220-227. [PMID: 31607631 PMCID: PMC6915969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children living near greenhouse agriculture may have an increased risk of pesticide exposure due to drift or direct contact with pesticide-treated areas. However, little is known about whether this increased potential for chronic exposure may impair their neurodevelopment. METHODS We examined 307 children aged 4-9 years, living in agricultural communities in Ecuador (ESPINA study). The two exposures calculated were residential distance from the nearest flower plantation perimeter and flower plantation surface area within 100 m of homes. Five neurobehavioral domains were assessed: Attention/Inhibitory Control, Memory/Learning, Visuospatial processing and Sensorimotor (higher values reflect better performance). Low scores were defined according to the test's cut-offs. Models were adjusted for demographic, socio-economic and growth variables. RESULTS The mean (SD) residential distance to the nearest flower plantation was 446 m (344). Living 100 m closer to crops was associated with increased odds (OR [95% CI]) of low scores in the domains of Memory/Learning (1.24 [1.05, 1.46]) and Language (1.09 [1.00, 1.19]). Associations were strongest among children living within 50 m, having significantly lower scores in Language (-1.28 which is ~50% of a SD [-2.50, -0.06]), Attention/Inhibitory Control (-1.24 units, [-2.45, -0.04]), and Memory/Learning (-0.91, [-1.99, 0.17]), compared to children living farther than 500 m. Analyses of areas of flower crops near homes concurred with these findings. CONCLUSIONS Close residential proximity to greenhouse floricultural crops was associated with adverse neurobehavioral performance in Attention/Inhibitory Control, Language and Memory/Learning among children. This highlights the importance of reducing pesticide drift from plantations to nearby homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Friedman
- School of Medicine, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, United States.
| | - Marnie F Hazlehurst
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States.
| | - Christine Loftus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States.
| | - Catherine Karr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, United States.
| | | | - Jose Ricardo Suarez-Lopez
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, United States.
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42
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Silvia SC, Magnarelli G, Rovedatti MG. Evaluation of endocrine disruption and gestational disorders in women residing in areas with intensive pesticide application: An exploratory study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:103280. [PMID: 31683255 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The proximity to areas of intensive pesticide application is a risk factor that favors xenobiotic exposure. Pesticides may interfere with hormonal function and cause alterations in the reproductive system, pregnancy complications, and adverse fetal development. We evaluated potential endocrine disruption and the evolution of the third trimester of pregnancy in women residing in a rural area of Argentina with intense pesticide applications, and the characteristics of their newborns. Blood samples were collected from healthy women in the third trimester of pregnancy during the pesticide spraying (SP) (n = 26) and nonspraying (NSP) (n = 27) periods. Plasma cholinesterase activity and cortisol and DHEA-S levels were lower in SP than in NSP. The percentage of preterm premature rupture of membranes was higher in SP than in NSP. Macrosomia at birth was17% in both periods. This study reinforces the importance of preventing potential cases of cumulative toxicity during the perinatal period through monitoring and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Cruz Silvia
- Sanatorio del Personal de Industrias Químicas. Belgrano 305, Cinco Saltos (8303), Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Gladis Magnarelli
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (CITAAC), CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, 8300, Argentina.
| | - María Gabriela Rovedatti
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina.
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Czajka M, Matysiak-Kucharek M, Jodłowska-Jędrych B, Sawicki K, Fal B, Drop B, Kruszewski M, Kapka-Skrzypczak L. Organophosphorus pesticides can influence the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes with concomitant metabolic changes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108685. [PMID: 31479978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Widespread use and the bioaccumulation of pesticides in the environment lead to the contamination of air, water, soil and agricultural resources. A huge body of evidence points to the association between the pesticide exposure and increase in the incidence of chronic diseases, e.g. cancer, birth defects, reproductive disorders, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, developmental disorders, metabolic disorders, chronic renal disorders or autoimmune diseases. Organophosphorus compounds are among the most widely used pesticides. A growing body of evidence is suggesting the potential interdependence between the organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) exposure and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This article reviews the current literature to highlight the latest in vitro and in vivo evidences on the possible influence of OPs on obesity and T2DM development, as well as epidemiological evidence for the metabolic toxicity of OPs in humans. The article also draws attention to the influence of maternal OPs exposure on offspring. Summarized studies suggest that OPs exposure is associated with metabolic changes linked with obesity and T2DM indicated that such exposures may increase risk or vulnerability to other contributory components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czajka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sawicki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Berta Fal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with E-learning Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland; Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
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44
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Barrett ES, Padula AM. Joint Impact of Synthetic Chemical and Non-chemical Stressors on Children's Health. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 6:225-235. [PMID: 31637664 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-00252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pregnant women are exposed to numerous synthetic chemicals (e.g., pesticides, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls) in their daily lives as well as a range of non-chemical stressors, including poverty, depression, discrimination, and stressful life events. Although many studies have examined individual exposures to chemical and non-chemical stressors in relation to child health outcomes, very few studies have considered these exposures together. Here, we review the recent epidemiologic literature on the joint impact of chemical and non-chemical stressors on child outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Considerable co-exposure to chemical and non-chemical stressors occurs in vulnerable populations. Non-chemical stressors may modify the impact of chemical exposures on children's health, typically exacerbating their negative impact, but associations differ considerably by the chemicals and populations of interest. Additional research is urgently needed to better understand the cumulative risks of multiple stressors on children's health and the underlying physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Amy M Padula
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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45
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Leung MCK, Meyer JN. Mitochondria as a target of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides: Revisiting common mechanisms of action with new approach methodologies. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 89:83-92. [PMID: 31315019 PMCID: PMC6766410 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity has been proposed as a potential cause of developmental defects in humans. We evaluated 51 organophosphate and carbamate pesticides using the U.S. EPA ToxCast and Tox21 databases. Only a small number of them bind directly to cholinesterases in the parent form. The hydrophobicity of organophosphate pesticides is correlated significantly to TSPO binding affinity, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction in HepG2 cells, and developmental toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans and Danio rerio (p < 0.05). Structural analysis suggests that in some cases the Krebs cycle is a potential target of organophosphate and carbamate exposure at early life stages. The results support the hypothesis that mitochondrial effects of some organophosphate pesticides-particularly those that require enzymatic activation to the oxon form-may augment the documented effects of disruption of acetylcholine signaling. This study provides a proof of concept for applying new approach methodologies to interrogate mechanisms of action for cumulative risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell C K Leung
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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46
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Sagiv SK, Bruno JL, Baker JM, Palzes V, Kogut K, Rauch S, Gunier R, Mora AM, Reiss AL, Eskenazi B. Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and functional neuroimaging in adolescents living in proximity to pesticide application. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18347-18356. [PMID: 31451641 PMCID: PMC6744848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903940116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported consistent associations of prenatal organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure with poorer cognitive function and behavior problems in our Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS), a birth cohort of Mexican American youth in California's agricultural Salinas Valley. However, there is little evidence on how OPs affect neural dynamics underlying associations. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure cortical activation during tasks of executive function, attention, social cognition, and language comprehension in 95 adolescent CHAMACOS participants. We estimated associations of residential proximity to OP use during pregnancy with cortical activation in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions using multiple regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. OP exposure was associated with altered brain activation during tasks of executive function. For example, with a 10-fold increase in total OP pesticide use within 1 km of maternal residence during pregnancy, there was a bilateral decrease in brain activation in the prefrontal cortex during a cognitive flexibility task (β = -4.74; 95% CI: -8.18, -1.31 and β = -4.40; 95% CI: -7.96, -0.84 for the left and right hemispheres, respectively). We also found that prenatal OP exposure was associated with sex differences in brain activation during a language comprehension task. This first functional neuroimaging study of prenatal OP exposure suggests that pesticides may impact cortical brain activation, which could underlie previously reported OP-related associations with cognitive and behavioral function. Use of fNIRS in environmental epidemiology offers a practical alternative to neuroimaging technologies and enhances our efforts to assess the impact of chemical exposures on neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon K Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
| | - Jennifer L Bruno
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joseph M Baker
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Vanessa Palzes
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Robert Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ana M Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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47
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Sapbamrer R, Hongsibsong S. Effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides on child neurodevelopment in different age groups: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18267-18290. [PMID: 31041704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides is a major factor in the cause of dysfunction in the nervous system and neurodevelopment disorders in children at critical periods of great vulnerability. The aim of this study was to review scientific evidence published on neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) in different stages, including neonates, infants, toddlers, preschool children, and school-age children. Full-text articles published in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI databases between 1973 and 2019 were reviewed and the scientific evidence was evaluated. Results: Fifty studies were eligible for inclusion in this quantitative synthesis. Fifteen of these papers evaluated the effects on neonates and infants, 18 on the effects on toddlers and preschool children, and 24 the effects on school-age children. Considerable evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to OPs contributes to child neurodevelopment disorders in all stages, whereas data about the effects of postnatal exposure are limited. Therefore, the available evidence supports the theory that sensitive time-windows occur prenatally rather than postnatally. Although 45 out of the total 50 selected articles found an association between OP exposure and child neurodevelopment, some of the evidence is controversial. A standardized methodology is needed to enable the comparison of the results in several studies, and further research studies are needed to warrant firmer conclusions. A systematic review of this evidence should be performed continuously to update the state of knowledge regarding neurodevelopmental effects associated with OP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intavaroros Road, Sriphum Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- Environment and Health Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intavaroros Road, Sriphum Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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48
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Jing X, Yang L, Zhao W, Wang F, Chen Z, Ma L, Jia L, Wang X. Evaporation-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets for the determination of triazole fungicides in water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1597:46-53. [PMID: 30926256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and effective analytical procedure for determining three triazole fungicides (myclobutanil, epoxiconazole, and tebuconazole) in water samples is developed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection after evaporation-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets. The extraction procedure involves the sequential addition of the extraction solvent 1-dodecanol (low density), volatile solvent dichloromethane (high density), and calcium oxide to the aqueous sample (the latter reacting exothermically). The CaO reaction can promote the volatilization of the dichloromethane which disperses the 1-dodecanol as fine droplets in the aqueous sample due to the bubbles generated. Therefore, a dispersive solvent is not required. Then, the floating 1-dodecanol is solidified using an ice bath for easy separation from the sample. The variables (the volumes of extraction and volatile solvents, amounts of calcium oxide and sodium chloride, pH values, and extraction time) in the extraction procedure are further optimized. Under optimized conditions, the linearity ranges are 0.05-5 μg mL-1 with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification are 0.0051-0.0090 μg mL-1 and 0.0169-0.0299 μg mL-1, respectively. The recoveries of myclobutanil, epoxiconazole, and tebuconazole in tap, reservoir, and river water range between 77.6% and 104.4% with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.6% to 7.8%. Hence, the method was reliable for analysis of myclobutanil, epoxiconazole, and tebuconazole in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Wenfei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zhenjia Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Ling Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Liyan Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China.
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Reynoso EC, Torres E, Bettazzi F, Palchetti I. Trends and Perspectives in Immunosensors for Determination of Currently-Used Pesticides: The Case of Glyphosate, Organophosphates, and Neonicotinoids. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E20. [PMID: 30720729 PMCID: PMC6468886 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides, due to their intensive use and their peculiar chemical features, can persist in the environment and enter the trophic chain, thus representing an environmental risk for the ecosystems and human health. Although there are several robust and reliable standard analytical techniques for their monitoring, the high frequency of contamination caused by pesticides requires methods for massive monitoring campaigns that are capable of rapidly detecting these compounds in many samples of different origin. Immunosensors represent a potential tool for simple, rapid, and sensitive monitoring of pesticides. Antibodies coupled to electrochemical or optical transducers have resulted in effective detection devices. In this review, the new trends in immunosensor development and the application of immunosensors for the detection of pesticides of environmental concern-such as glyphosate, organophosphates, and neonicotinoids-are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo C Reynoso
- Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Torres
- Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
| | - Francesca Bettazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy.
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy.
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50
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Suarez-Lopez JR, Hong V, McDonald KN, Suarez-Torres J, López D, De La Cruz F. Home proximity to flower plantations and higher systolic blood pressure among children. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:1077-1084. [PMID: 30131222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide drift from agricultural plantations increases the chemical exposure potential of people living nearby. Some studies have described positive associations between pesticide exposures and blood pressure (BP) in adults, whereas limited evidence in children suggests negative associations. This study characterized the association between home proximity to plantations and BP among children living in a flower-growing county in Ecuador. METHODS We included 310 4-9-year-old children living in Pedro Moncayo County, Ecuador as part of The ESPINA study. We calculated age, gender and height-specific BP z-scores. Geographic coordinates of homes and flower plantations were collected using GPS receivers and satellite imagery. Exposure-outcome associations were analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS The mean home distance to the nearest flower plantation was 449 m (SD: 347) and the median plantation area within 150 m of participants' homes was 989 m2 (25th-75Th percentile: 492-3164) among those with non-zero values. Children living closer to plantations had lower AChE activity. Systolic BP z-score increased with greater residential proximity to plantations (0.24 SD per 1000 m [95% CI: 0.01, 0.47]) and with greater areas of flower plantations within 150 m of homes (0.03 SD per 1000 m2 [0.00, 0.06]), after adjusting for socio-economic, anthropometric and other factors. Further adjustment for acetylcholinesterase and hemoglobin strengthened these associations. CONCLUSIONS Proximity of homes to flower plantations and greater plantation areas within 150 m from homes were associated with higher systolic BP, independent of cholinesterase activity. This suggests that non-cholinesterase inhibitor pesticide drift from agricultural plantations may be sufficient to induce physiologic changes on children living nearby.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vennis Hong
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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