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Sijnesael T, Richard F, Rätze MA, Koorman T, Bassey-Archibong B, Rohof C, Daniel J, Desmedt C, Derksen PW. Canonical Kaiso target genes define a functional signature that associates with breast cancer survival and the invasive lobular carcinoma histological type. J Pathol 2023; 261:477-489. [PMID: 37737015 DOI: 10.1002/path.6205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a low- to intermediate-grade histological breast cancer type caused by mutational inactivation of E-cadherin function, resulting in the acquisition of anchorage independence (anoikis resistance). Most ILC cases express estrogen receptors, but options are limited in relapsed endocrine-refractory disease as ILC tends to be less responsive to standard chemotherapy. Moreover, ILC can relapse after >15 years, an event that currently cannot be predicted. E-cadherin inactivation leads to p120-catenin-dependent relief of the transcriptional repressor Kaiso (ZBTB33) and activation of canonical Kaiso target genes. Here, we examined whether an anchorage-independent and ILC-specific transcriptional program correlated with clinical parameters in breast cancer. Based on the presence of a canonical Kaiso-binding consensus sequence (cKBS) in the promoters of genes that are upregulated under anchorage-independent conditions, we defined an ILC-specific anoikis resistance transcriptome (ART). Converting the ART genes into human orthologs and adding published Kaiso target genes resulted in the Kaiso-specific ART (KART) 33-gene signature, used subsequently to study correlations with histological and clinical variables in primary breast cancer. Using publicly available data for ERPOS Her2NEG breast cancer, we found that expression of KART was positively associated with the histological ILC breast cancer type (p < 2.7E-07). KART expression associated with younger patients in all invasive breast cancers and smaller tumors in invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (IDC-NST) (<2 cm, p < 6.3E-10). We observed associations with favorable long-term prognosis in both ILC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.29-0.91, p < 3.4E-02) and IDC-NST (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.66-0.93, p < 1.2E-04). Our analysis thus defines a new mRNA expression signature for human breast cancer based on canonical Kaiso target genes that are upregulated in E-cadherin deficient ILC. The KART signature may enable a deeper understanding of ILC biology and etiology. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijmen Sijnesael
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - François Richard
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Max Ak Rätze
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Koorman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christa Rohof
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juliet Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Wb Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Majumder A. HER3: Toward the Prognostic Significance, Therapeutic Potential, Current Challenges, and Future Therapeutics in Different Types of Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2517. [PMID: 37947595 PMCID: PMC10648638 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is the only family member of the EGRF/HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases that lacks an active kinase domain (KD), which makes it an obligate binding partner with other receptors for its oncogenic role. When HER3 is activated in a ligand-dependent (NRG1/HRG) or independent manner, it can bind to other receptors (the most potent binding partner is HER2) to regulate many biological functions (growth, survival, nutrient sensing, metabolic regulation, etc.) through the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. HER3 has been found to promote tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and drug resistance in different cancer types, especially breast and non-small cell lung cancer. Given its ubiquitous expression across different solid tumors and role in oncogenesis and drug resistance, there has been a long effort to target HER3. As HER3 cannot be targeted through its KD with small-molecule kinase inhibitors via the conventional method, pharmaceutical companies have used various other approaches, including blocking either the ligand-binding domain or extracellular domain for dimerization with other receptors. The development of treatment options with anti-HER3 monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and different combination therapies showed limited clinical efficiency for various reasons. Recent reports showed that the extracellular domain of HER3 is not required for its binding with other receptors, which raises doubt about the efforts and applicability of the development of the HER3-antibodies for treatment. Whereas HER3-directed antibody-drug conjugates showed potentiality for treatment, these drugs are still under clinical trial. The currently understood model for dimerization-induced signaling remains incomplete due to the absence of the crystal structure of HER3 signaling complexes, and many lines of evidence suggest that HER family signaling involves more than the interaction of two members. This review article will significantly expand our knowledge of HER3 signaling and shed light on developing a new generation of drugs that have fewer side effects than the current treatment regimen for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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3
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Moody TW, Ramos-Alvarez I, Jensen RT. Peptide G-Protein-Coupled Receptors and ErbB Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:957. [PMID: 37508387 PMCID: PMC10376828 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The ErbB RTKs (EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4) have been well-studied in cancer. EGFR, HER2, and HER3 stimulate cancer proliferation, principally by activating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, resulting in increased cancer cell survival and proliferation. Cancer cells have high densities of the EGFR, HER2, and HER3 causing phosphorylation of tyrosine amino acids on protein substrates and tyrosine amino acids near the C-terminal of the RTKs. After transforming growth factor (TGF) α binds to the EGFR, homodimers or EGFR heterodimers form. HER2 forms heterodimers with the EGFR, HER3, and HER4. The EGFR, HER2, and HER3 are overexpressed in lung cancer patient tumors, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), such as Herceptin against HER2, are used to treat breast cancer patients. Patients with EGFR mutations are treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib or osimertinib. Peptide GPCRs, such as NTSR1, are present in many cancers, and neurotensin (NTS) stimulates the growth of cancer cells. Lung cancer proliferation is impaired by SR48692, an NTSR1 antagonist. SR48692 is synergistic with gefitinib at inhibiting lung cancer growth. Adding NTS to lung cancer cells increases the shedding of TGFα, which activates the EGFR, or neuregulin-1, which activates HER3. The transactivation process is impaired by SRC, matrix metalloprotease, and reactive oxygen species inhibitors. While the transactivation process is complicated, it is fast and occurs within minutes after adding NTS to cancer cells. This review emphasizes the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and SR48692 to impair transactivation and cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- Center for Cancer Training, NCI, and Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- Center for Cancer Training, NCI, and Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Center for Cancer Training, NCI, and Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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4
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Morato A, Accornero P, Hovey RC. ERBB Receptors and Their Ligands in the Developing Mammary Glands of Different Species: Fifteen Characters in Search of an Author. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:10. [PMID: 37219601 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ERBB tyrosine kinase receptors and their ligands belong to a complex family that has diverse biological effects and expression profiles in the developing mammary glands, where its members play an essential role in translating hormone signals into local effects. While our understanding of these processes stems mostly from mouse models, there is the potential for differences in how this family functions in the mammary glands of other species, particularly in light of their unique histomorphological features. Herein we review the postnatal distribution and function of ERBB receptors and their ligands in the mammary glands of rodents and humans, as well as for livestock and companion animals. Our analysis highlights the diverse biology for this family and its members across species, the regulation of their expression, and how their roles and functions might be modulated by varying stromal composition and hormone interactions. Given that ERBB receptors and their ligands have the potential to influence processes ranging from normal mammary development to diseased states such as cancer and/or mastitis, both in human and veterinary medicine, a more complete understanding of their biological functions should help to direct future research and the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Morato
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Paolo Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, TO, 10095, Italy
| | - Russell C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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5
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Purazo ML, Ice RJ, Shimpi R, Hoenerhoff M, Pugacheva EN. NEDD9 Overexpression Causes Hyperproliferation of Luminal Cells and Cooperates with HER2 Oncogene in Tumor Initiation: A Novel Prognostic Marker in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1119. [PMID: 36831460 PMCID: PMC9954084 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 overexpression occurs in 10-20% of breast cancer patients. HER2+ tumors are characterized by an increase in Ki67, early relapse, and increased metastasis. Little is known about the factors influencing early stages of HER2- tumorigenesis and diagnostic markers. Previously, it was shown that the deletion of NEDD9 in mouse models of HER2 cancer interferes with tumor growth, but the role of NEDD9 upregulation is currently unexplored. We report that NEDD9 is overexpressed in a significant subset of HER2+ breast cancers and correlates with a limited response to anti-HER2 therapy. To investigate the mechanisms through which NEDD9 influences HER2-dependent tumorigenesis, we generated MMTV-Cre-NEDD9 transgenic mice. The analysis of mammary glands shows extensive ductal epithelium hyperplasia, increased branching, and terminal end bud expansion. The addition of oncogene Erbb2 (neu) leads to the earlier development of early hyperplastic benign lesions (~16 weeks), with a significantly shorter latency than the control mice. Similarly, NEDD9 upregulation in MCF10A-derived acini leads to hyperplasia-like DCIS. This phenotype is associated with activation of ERK1/2 and AURKA kinases, leading to an increased proliferation of luminal cells. These findings indicate that NEDD9 is setting permissive conditions for HER2-induced tumorigenesis, thus identifying this protein as a potential diagnostic marker for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc L. Purazo
- WVU Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Ryan J. Ice
- WVU Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Rahul Shimpi
- WVU Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Mark Hoenerhoff
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elena N. Pugacheva
- WVU Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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6
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Gandullo-Sánchez L, Ocaña A, Pandiella A. HER3 in cancer: from the bench to the bedside. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:310. [PMID: 36271429 PMCID: PMC9585794 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The HER3 protein, that belongs to the ErbB/HER receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, is expressed in several types of tumors. That fact, together with the role of HER3 in promoting cell proliferation, implicate that targeting HER3 may have therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, expression and activation of HER3 has been linked to resistance to drugs that target other HER receptors such as agents that act on EGFR or HER2. In addition, HER3 has been associated to resistance to some chemotherapeutic drugs. Because of those circumstances, efforts to develop and test agents targeting HER3 have been carried out. Two types of agents targeting HER3 have been developed. The most abundant are antibodies or engineered antibody derivatives that specifically recognize the extracellular region of HER3. In addition, the use of aptamers specifically interacting with HER3, vaccines or HER3-targeting siRNAs have also been developed. Here we discuss the state of the art of the preclinical and clinical development of drugs aimed at targeting HER3 with therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gandullo-Sánchez
- grid.428472.f0000 0004 1794 2467Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- grid.411068.a0000 0001 0671 5785Hospital Clínico San Carlos and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- grid.428472.f0000 0004 1794 2467Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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7
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Can EGFR be a therapeutic target in breast cancer? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188789. [PMID: 36064121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in certain cancer types and is involved in regulating the biological characteristics of cancer progression, including proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Various medicines targeting EGFR have been developed and approved for several cancer types, such as lung and colon cancer. To date, however, EGFR inhibitors have not achieved satisfactory clinical results in breast cancer, which continues to be the most serious malignant tumor type in females. Therefore, clarifying the underlying mechanisms related to the ineffectiveness of EGFR inhibitors in breast cancer and developing new EGFR-targeted strategies (e.g., combination therapy) remain critical challenges. Various studies have demonstrated aberrant expression and maintenance of EGFR levels in breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms underlying EGFR protein expression in breast cancer cells, including EGFR mutations, amplification, endocytic dysfunction, recycling acceleration, and degradation disorders. We also discuss potential therapeutic strategies that act directly or indirectly on EGFR, including reducing EGFR protein expression, treating the target protein to mediate precise clearance, and inhibiting non-EGFR signaling pathways. This review should provide new therapeutic perspectives for breast cancer patients with high EGFR expression.
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8
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Genomic analysis of an aggressive case with metastatic intrahepatic mucinous cholangiocarcinoma. Clin J Gastroenterol 2022; 15:809-817. [PMID: 35699889 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-022-01649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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9
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EGFR signaling pathway as therapeutic target in human cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:253-275. [PMID: 35427766 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) enacts major roles in the maintenance of epithelial tissues. However, when EGFR signaling is altered, it becomes the grand orchestrator of epithelial transformation, and hence one of the most world-wide studied tyrosine kinase receptors involved in neoplasia, in several tissues. In the last decades, EGFR-targeted therapies shaped the new era of precision-oncology. Despite major advances, the dream of converting solid tumors into a chronic disease is still unfulfilled, and long-term remission eludes us. Studies investigating the function of this protein in solid malignancies have revealed numerous ways how tumor cells dysregulate EGFR function. Starting from preclinical models (cell lines, organoids, murine models) and validating in clinical specimens, EGFR-related oncogenic pathways, mechanisms of resistance, and novel avenues to inhibit tumor growth and metastatic spread enriching the therapeutic portfolios, were identified. Focusing on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where EGFR mutations are major players in the adenocarcinoma subtype, we will go over the most relevant discoveries that led us to understand EGFR and beyond, and highlight how they revolutionized cancer treatment by expanding the therapeutic arsenal at our disposal.
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10
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Yu J, Fang T, Yun C, Liu X, Cai X. Antibody-Drug Conjugates Targeting the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family in Cancers. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:847835. [PMID: 35295841 PMCID: PMC8919033 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.847835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family, which includes HER1 (also known as EGFR), HER2, HER3 and HER4, have played a central role in regulating cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. The overexpression of the HER family has been recognized as one of the most common cellular dysregulation associated with a wide variety of tumor types. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a new and promising class of anticancer therapeutics that combine the cancer specificity of antibodies with cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Two HER2-directed ADCs, trastuzumane-emtansine (T-DM1) and trastuzumab-deruxtecan (DS-8201a), have been approved for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013 and 2019, respectively. A third HER2-directed ADC, disitamab vedotin (RC48), has been approved for locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer by the NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) of China in 2021. A total of 11 ADCs that target HER family receptors (EGFR, HER2 or HER3) are currently under clinical trials. In this review article, we summarize the three approved ADCs (T-DM1, DS-8201a and RC48), together with the investigational EGFR-directed ADCs (ABT-414, MRG003 and M1231), HER2-directed ADCs (SYD985, ARX-788, A166, MRG002, ALT-P7, GQ1001 and SBT6050) and HER3-directed ADC (U3-1402). Lastly, we discuss the major challenges associated with the development of ADCs, and highlight the possible future directions to tackle these challenges.
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11
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Hong M, Yoo Y, Kim M, Kim JY, Cha JS, Choi MK, Kim U, Kim K, Sohn Y, Bae D, Cho HS, Hong SB. A Novel Therapeutic Anti-ErbB3, ISU104 Exhibits Potent Antitumorigenic Activity by Inhibiting Ligand Binding and ErbB3 Heterodimerization. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1142-1152. [PMID: 33782100 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ErbB3, a member of the ErbB receptor family, is a potent mediator in the development and progression of cancer, and its activation plays pivotal roles in acquired resistance against anti-EGFR therapies and other standard-of-care therapies. Upon ligand (NRG1) binding, ErbB3 forms heterodimers with other ErbB proteins (i.e., EGFR and ErbB2), which allows activation of downstream PI3K/Akt signaling. In this study, we developed a fully human anti-ErbB3 antibody, named ISU104, as an anticancer agent. ISU104 binds potently and specifically to the domain 3 of ErbB3. The complex structure of ErbB3-domain 3::ISU104-Fab revealed that ISU104 binds to the NRG1 binding region of domain 3. The elucidated structure suggested that the binding of ISU104 to ErbB3 would hinder not only ligand binding but also the structural changes required for heterodimerization. Biochemical studies confirmed these predictions. ISU104 inhibited ligand binding, ligand-dependent heterodimerization and phosphorylation, and induced the internalization of ErbB3. As a result, downstream Akt phosphorylation and cell proliferation were inhibited. The anticancer efficacy of ISU104 was demonstrated in xenograft models of various cancers. In summary, a highly potent ErbB3 targeting antibody, ISU104, is suitable for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirim Hong
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Youngki Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Jeong Seok Cha
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Myung Kyung Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Uijin Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Kyungyong Kim
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Youngsoo Sohn
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Donggoo Bae
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South).
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South).
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12
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Haikala HM, Jänne PA. Thirty Years of HER3: From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Interventions. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3528-3539. [PMID: 33608318 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HER3 is a pseudokinase member of the EGFR family having a role in both tumor progression and drug resistance. Although HER3 was discovered more than 30 years ago, no therapeutic interventions have reached clinical approval to date. Because the evidence of the importance of HER3 is accumulating, increased amounts of preclinical and clinical trials with HER3-targeting agents are emerging. In this review article, we discuss the most recent HER3 biology in tumorigenic events and drug resistance and provide an overview of the current and emerging strategies to target HER3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Haikala
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Kiyatkin A, van Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh IK, Klein DE, Lemmon MA. Kinetics of receptor tyrosine kinase activation define ERK signaling dynamics. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/645/eaaz5267. [PMID: 32817373 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In responses to activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), crucial cell fate decisions depend on the duration and dynamics of ERK signaling. In PC12 cells, epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces transient ERK activation that leads to cell proliferation, whereas nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes sustained ERK activation and cell differentiation. These differences have typically been assumed to reflect distinct feedback mechanisms in the Raf-MEK-ERK signaling network, with the receptors themselves acting as simple upstream inputs. We failed to confirm the expected differences in feedback type when investigating transient versus sustained signaling downstream of the EGF receptor (EGFR) and NGF receptor (TrkA). Instead, we found that ERK signaling faithfully followed RTK dynamics when receptor signaling was modulated in different ways. EGFR activation kinetics, and consequently ERK signaling dynamics, were switched from transient to sustained when receptor internalization was inhibited with drugs or mutations, or when cells expressed a chimeric receptor likely to have impaired dimerization. In addition, EGFR and ERK signaling both became more sustained when substoichiometric levels of erlotinib were added to reduce duration of EGFR kinase activation. Our results argue that RTK activation kinetics play a crucial role in determining MAP kinase cascade signaling dynamics and cell fate decisions, and that signaling outcome can be modified by activating a given RTK in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Kiyatkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Iris K van Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Daryl E Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Mark A Lemmon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. .,Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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14
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Thakkar D, Sancenon V, Taguiam MM, Guan S, Wu Z, Ng E, Paszkiewicz KH, Ingram PJ, Boyd-Kirkup JD. 10D1F, an Anti-HER3 Antibody that Uniquely Blocks the Receptor Heterodimerization Interface, Potently Inhibits Tumor Growth Across a Broad Panel of Tumor Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:490-501. [PMID: 31911530 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, HER3 has increasingly been implicated in the progression of a variety of tumor types and in acquired resistance to EGFR and HER2 therapies. Whereas EGFR and HER2 primarily signal through the MAPK pathway, HER3, as a heterodimer with EGFR or HER2, potently activates the PI3K pathway. Despite its critical role, previous attempts to target HER3 with neutralizing antibodies have shown disappointing efficacy in the clinic, most likely due to suboptimal and indirect mechanisms of action that fail to completely block heterodimerization; for example, tumors can escape inhibition of ligand binding by upregulating ligand-independent mechanisms of HER3 activation. We therefore developed 10D1F, a picomolar affinity, highly specific anti-HER3 neutralizing antibody that binds the HER3 heterodimerization interface, a region that was hitherto challenging to raise antibodies against. We demonstrate that 10D1F potently inhibits both EGFR:HER3 and HER2:HER3 heterodimerization to durably suppress activation of the PI3K pathway in a broad panel of tumor models. Even as a monotherapy, 10D1F shows superior inhibition of tumor growth in the same cell lines both in vitro and in mouse xenograft experiments, when compared with other classes of anti-HER3 antibodies. This includes models demonstrating ligand-independent activation of heterodimerization as well as constitutively activating mutations in the MAPK pathway. Possessing favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicologic profiles, 10D1F uniquely represents a new class of anti-HER3 neutralizing antibodies with a novel mechanism of action that offers significant potential for broad clinical benefit.10D1F is a novel anti-HER3 antibody that uniquely binds the receptor dimerization interface to block ligand-dependent and independent heterodimerization with EGFR/HER2 and thus more potently inhibits tumor growth than existing anti-HER3 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Siyu Guan
- Hummingbird Bioscience, 1 Research Link, Singapore
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Hummingbird Bioscience, 1 Research Link, Singapore
| | - Eric Ng
- Hummingbird Bioscience, 1 Research Link, Singapore
| | | | - Piers J Ingram
- Hummingbird Bioscience, 1 Research Link, Singapore.,Hummingbird Bioscience, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jerome D Boyd-Kirkup
- Hummingbird Bioscience, 1 Research Link, Singapore. .,Hummingbird Bioscience, South San Francisco, California
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15
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Okita K, Okazaki S, Uejima S, Yamada E, Kaminaka H, Kondo M, Ueda S, Tokiwa R, Iwata N, Yamasaki A, Hayashi N, Ogura D, Hirotani K, Yoshioka T, Inoue M, Masuko K, Masuko T. Novel functional anti-HER3 monoclonal antibodies with potent anti-cancer effects on various human epithelial cancers. Oncotarget 2020; 11:31-45. [PMID: 32002122 PMCID: PMC6967776 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance of progressive cancers against chemotherapy is a serious clinical problem. In this context, human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) can play important roles in drug resistance to HER1- and HER2- targeted therapies. Since clinical testing of anti-HER3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as patritumab could not show remarkable effect compared with existing drugs, we generated novel mAbs against anti-HER3. Novel rat mAbs reacted with HEK293 cells expressing HER3, but not with cells expressing HER1, HER2 or HER4. Specificity of mAbs was substantiated by the loss of mAb binding with knockdown by siRNA and knockout of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing. Analyses of CDR sequence and germline segment have revealed that seven mAbs are classified to four groups, and the binding of patritumab was inhibited by one of seven mAbs. Seven mAbs have shown reactivity with various human epithelial cancer cells, strong internalization activity of cell-surface HER3, and inhibition of NRG1 binding, NRG1-dependent HER3 phosphorylation and cell growth. Anti-HER3 mAbs were also reactive with in vivo tumor tissues and cancer tissue-originated spheroid. Ab4 inhibited in vivo tumor growth of human colon cancer cells in nude mice. Present mAbs may be superior to existing anti-HER3 mAbs and support existing anti-cancer therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Okita
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan.,Production and Manufacturing, Carna Biosciences, Inc., BMA, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shogo Okazaki
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Uejima
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erina Yamada
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaminaka
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misa Kondo
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiho Ueda
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Tokiwa
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nami Iwata
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akitaka Yamasaki
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hayashi
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dai Ogura
- Link Genomics, Inc., Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirotani
- Oncology Clinical Development Department, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshioka
- Field of Basic Science, Department of Occupational therapy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Clinical Bio-Resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazue Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Lee L, Ramos-Alvarez I, Moody TW, Mantey SA, Jensen RT. Neuropeptide bombesin receptor activation stimulates growth of lung cancer cells through HER3 with a MAPK-dependent mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118625. [PMID: 31862538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), prognosis still remains poor and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Studies demonstrate the importance of the EGFR/HER-receptor family in NSCLC growth, as well as that of other tumors. Recently, HER3 is receiving increased attention because of its role in drug resistance and aggressive growth. Activation of overexpressed G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) can also initiate growth by transactivating EGFR/HER-family members. GPCR transactivation of EGFR has been extensively studied, but little is known of its ability to transactivate other EGFR/HER-members, especially HER3. To address this, we studied the ability of bombesin receptor (BnR) activation to transactivate all EGFR/HER-family members and their principal downstream signaling cascades, the PI3K/Akt- and MAPK/ERK-pathways, in human NSCLC cell-lines. In all three cell-lines studied, which possessed EGFR, HER2 and HER3, Bn rapidly transactivated EGFR, HER2 and HER3, as well as Akt and ERK. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed Bn-induced formation of both HER3/EGFR- and HER3/HER2-heterodimers. Specific EGFR/HER3 antibodies or siRNA-knockdown of EGFR and HER3, demonstrated Bn-stimulated activation of EGFR/HER members is initially through HER3, not EGFR. In addition, specific inhibition of HER3, HER2 or MAPK, abolished Bn-stimulated cell-growth, while neither EGFR nor Akt inhibition had an effect. These results show HER3 transactivation mediates all growth effects of BnR activation through MAPK. These results raise the possibility that targeting HER3 alone or with GPCR activation and its signal cascades, may be a novel therapeutic approach in NSCLC. This is especially relevant with the recent development of HER3-blocking antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingaku Lee
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Terry W Moody
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Nguyen ATQ, Lee SY, Chin HJ, Le QVC, Lee D. Kinase activity of ERBB3 contributes to intestinal organoids growth and intestinal tumorigenesis. Cancer Sci 2019; 111:137-147. [PMID: 31724799 PMCID: PMC6942447 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, ERBB3 plays an essential role in development and disease independent of inherently inactive kinase domain. Recently, ERBB3 has been found to bind to ATP and has catalytic activity in vitro. However, the biological function of ERBB3 kinase activity remains elusive in vivo. Here we have identified the physiological function of inactivated ERBB3 kinase activity by creating Erbb3‐K740M knockin mice in which ATP cannot bind to ERBB3. Unlike Erbb3 knockout mice, kinase‐inactive Erbb3K740M homozygous mice were born in Mendelian ratios and showed normal development. After dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis, the kinase‐inactive Erbb3 mutant mice showed normal recovery. However, the outgrowth of ileal organoids by neuregulin‐1 treatment was more attenuated in Erbb3 mutant mice than in WT mice. Moreover, in combination with the ApcMin mouse, the proportion of polyps less than 1 mm in diameter in mutant mice was higher than in control mice and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells was observed in polyps from mutant mice compared with polyps from control mice. Taken together, the ERBB3 kinase activity contributes to the outgrowth of ileal organoids and intestinal tumorigenesis, and the development of ERBB3 kinase inhibitors, including epidermal growth factor receptor family members, can be a potential way to target colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Chin
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Quy Van-Chanh Le
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Inhibition of DUSP6 sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents via regulation of ERK signaling response genes. Oncotarget 2019. [DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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19
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Ahmed A. Prevalence of Her3 in gastric cancer and its association with molecular prognostic markers: a Saudi cohort based study. Libyan J Med 2019; 14:1574532. [PMID: 30915908 PMCID: PMC6442113 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2019.1574532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Her 3 is a member of epidermal growth factor receptors. Mutated, oncogenic Her3 is reported in gastric and colonic cancers with emerging evidence that Her3 can be a potential target for molecular therapies. There is a paucity of studies regarding Her3 and its prognostic implications in gastric cancer in our region. In this study, we evaluated prevalence of Her3 in gastric cancer, in a Saudi cohort of cases, along with its association with prognostic markers p53 and Ki-67. The study was conducted in Department of Pathology of King Fahd Hospital of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA. Fifty cases of gastric carcinoma were selected from the pathology files that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Clinico-pathological parameters, Laurens histological classification, and immunohistochemical staining for Her3, p53, and Ki-67 were done. Her 3 positive cases were also evaluated for Her-2neu co-expression. Her3 positivity was seen in 16% (n = 8) out of a total of 50 cases. The median age of presentation was 44 years. Within Her3 positive cases, a female preponderance of 63% (n = 5), presence of high grade tumors in 75% (n = 6), diffuse gastric carcinoma in 63% (n = 5), diffuse to focal p53 positivity in 63% (n = 5), and a high to moderate Ki-67 proliferation index in 75% (n = 6) of cases was seen. Her3 expression was independent of Her-2neu status. Her3 prevalence of 16% with a median age of 44 years at presentation was less than in other reported studies, highlighting the concept of ethnic and regional variation in tumor characteristics. Her3 association with diffuse gastric carcinoma, high grade tumors, diffuse to focal p53 positivity and high to moderate Ki-67 proliferation index points towards a more aggressive clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Ahmed
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and King Fahd Hospital of the University , Al-Khobar , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Guo G, Zhang W, Dang M, Yan M, Chen Z. Fisetin induces apoptosis in breast cancer MDA‐MB‐453 cells through degradation of HER2/neu and via the PI3K/Akt pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22268. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- Scientific Research Department, Innoscience Research Selangor Malaysia
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Health Care Department for WomenNorthwest Women's and Children's HospitalXi'an China
| | - Minyan Dang
- Scientific Research Department, Innoscience Research Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Department of NeurologyXijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (FMMU)Xi'an China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of GalactophoreShandong Provincial Western HospitalJinan China
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21
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The regulatory role of the kinase-homology domain in receptor guanylyl cyclases: nothing 'pseudo' about it! Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1729-1742. [PMID: 30420416 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The availability of genome sequence information and a large number of protein structures has allowed the cataloging of genes into various families, based on their function and predicted biochemical activity. Intriguingly, a number of proteins harbor changes in the amino acid sequence at residues, that from structural elucidation, are critical for catalytic activity. Such proteins have been categorized as 'pseudoenzymes'. Here, we review the role of the pseudokinase (or kinase-homology) domain in receptor guanylyl cyclases. These are multidomain single-pass, transmembrane proteins harboring an extracellular ligand-binding domain, and an intracellular domain composed of a kinase-homology domain that regulates the activity of the associated guanylyl cyclase domain. Mutations that lie in the kinase-homology domain of these receptors are associated with human disease, and either abolish or enhance cGMP production by these receptors to alter downstream signaling events. This raises the interesting possibility that one could identify molecules that bind to the pseudokinase domain and regulate the activities of these receptors, in order to alleviate symptoms in patients harboring these mutations.
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22
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Luhtala S, Staff S, Kallioniemi A, Tanner M, Isola J. Clinicopathological and prognostic correlations of HER3 expression and its degradation regulators, NEDD4-1 and NRDP1, in primary breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1045. [PMID: 30367623 PMCID: PMC6204010 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor HER3 (ErbB3), especially in association with its relative HER2 (ErbB2), is known as a key oncogene in breast tumour biology. Nonetheless, the prognostic relevance of HER3 remains controversial. NEDD4–1 and NRDP1 are signalling molecules closely related to the degradation of HER3 via ubiquitination. NEDD4–1 and NRDP1 have been reported to contribute to HER3-mediated signalling by regulating its localization and cell membrane retention. We studied correlations between HER3, NEDD4–1, and NRDP1 protein expression and their association with tumour histopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes. Methods The prevalence of immunohistochemically detectable expression profiles of HER3 (n = 177), NEDD4–1 (n = 145), and NRDP1 (n = 145) proteins was studied in primary breast carcinomas on archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Clinicopathological correlations were determined statistically using Pearson’s Chi-Square test. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test (Mantel-Cox), and Cox regression analysis were utilized for survival analysis. Results HER3 protein was expressed in breast carcinomas without association with HER2 gene amplification status. Absence or low HER3 expression correlated with clinically aggressive features, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) phenotype, basal cell origin (cytokeratin 5/14 expression combined with ER negativity), large tumour size, and positive lymph node status. Low total HER3 expression was prognostic for shorter recurrence-free survival time in HER2-amplified breast cancer (p = 0.004, p = 0.020 in univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively). The majority (82.8%) of breast cancers demonstrated NEDD4–1 protein expression - while only a minor proportion (8.3%) of carcinomas expressed NRDP1. NEDD4–1 and NRDP1 expression were not associated with clinical outcomes in HER2-amplified breast cancer, irrespective of adjuvant trastuzumab therapy. Conclusions Low HER3 expression is suggested to be a valuable prognostic biomarker to predict recurrence in HER2-amplified breast cancer. Neither NEDD4–1 nor NRDP1 demonstrated relevance in prognostics or in the subclassification of HER2-amplified breast carcinomas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4917-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Luhtala
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Synnöve Staff
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Tanner
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Isola
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
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23
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Jacob W, James I, Hasmann M, Weisser M. Clinical development of HER3-targeting monoclonal antibodies: Perils and progress. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 68:111-123. [PMID: 29944978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family consists of four transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, HER3, and HER4. They are part of a complex signalling network and stimulate intracellular pathways regulating cell growth and differentiation. So far, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR and HER2 have been developed and approved. Recently, focus has turned to HER3 as it may play an important role in resistance to EGFR- and HER2-targeting therapies. HER3-targeting agents have been undergoing clinical evaluation for the last 10 years and currently thirteen mAbs are in phase 1 or 2 clinical studies. Single agent activity has proven to be limited, however, the tolerability was favourable. Thus, combinations of HER3-binding mAbs with other HER-targeting therapies or chemotherapies have been pursued in various solid tumor entities. Data indicate that the HER3-binding ligand heregulin may serve as a response prediction marker for HER3-targeting therapy. Within this review the current status of clinical development of HER3-targeting compounds is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jacob
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Ian James
- A4P Consulting Ltd, Discovery Park, Sandwich, UK
| | - Max Hasmann
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Martin Weisser
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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24
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Magi S, Iwamoto K, Yumoto N, Hiroshima M, Nagashima T, Ohki R, Garcia-Munoz A, Volinsky N, Von Kriegsheim A, Sako Y, Takahashi K, Kimura S, Kholodenko BN, Okada-Hatakeyama M. Transcriptionally inducible Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1, attenuates ErbB receptor activity by inhibiting receptor oligomerization. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:2206-2218. [PMID: 29233889 PMCID: PMC5808779 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedback control is a key mechanism in signal transduction, intimately involved in regulating the outcome of the cellular response. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which PHLDA1, Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1, negatively regulates ErbB receptor signaling by inhibition of receptor oligomerization. We have found that the ErbB3 ligand, heregulin, induces PHILDA1 expression in MCF-7 cells. Transcriptionally-induced PHLDA1 protein directly binds to ErbB3, whereas knockdown of PHLDA1 increases complex formation between ErbB3 and ErbB2. To provide insight into the mechanism for our time-course and single-cell experimental observations, we performed a systematic computational search of network topologies of the mathematical models based on receptor dimer-tetramer formation in the ErbB activation processes. Our results indicate that only a model in which PHLDA1 inhibits formation of both dimers and tetramer can explain the experimental data. Predictions made from this model were further validated by single-molecule imaging experiments. Our studies suggest a unique regulatory feature of PHLDA1 to inhibit the ErbB receptor oligomerization process and thereby control the activity of receptor signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Magi
- From the Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- the Laboratory of Cell Systems, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazunari Iwamoto
- From the Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- the Laboratory of Cell Systems, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- the Laboratory for Biochemical Simulation and
| | - Noriko Yumoto
- From the Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Michio Hiroshima
- the Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagashima
- the Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Rieko Ohki
- the Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yasushi Sako
- the Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Shuhei Kimura
- the Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101, Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Boris N Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland,
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, and
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, and
| | - Mariko Okada-Hatakeyama
- From the Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan,
- the Laboratory of Cell Systems, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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25
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Prevalence and influence on outcome of HER2/neu, HER3 and NRG1 expression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:717-722. [PMID: 28582279 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to explore the impact of the HER2/neu, HER3 receptor as well as their ligands' neuregulin (NRG1) expression on the outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). NRG1, HER2/neu and HER3 expression was evaluated in 208 patients with mCRC receiving 5-FU/LV plus irinotecan or irinotecan plus oxaliplatin as the first-line treatment. Biomarker expression was correlated with the outcome of patients. NRG1 (low: 192 vs. high: 16), HER2/neu (low: 201 vs. high: 7) and HER3 (low: 69 vs. high: 139) expressions were assessed in 208 patients. High versus low NRG1 expression significantly affected progression-free survival (PFS) [4.7 vs. 8.2 months, hazard ratio (HR): 2.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45-4.13; P=0.001], but not overall survival (OS) (15.5 vs. 20.7 months, HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 0.76-2.35; P=0.32). High versus low HER3 expression (PFS: 7.1 vs. 8.8 months, HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.82-1.50; P=0.50; OS: 19.8 vs. 21.1 months, HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.70-1.30; P=0.75) and high compared with low HER2/neu expression (PFS: 7.7 vs. 8.0 months, HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.71-1.60; P=0.75; OS: 16.6 vs. 21.1 months, HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.75-1.71; P=0.57) did not influence outcome. High NRG1 expression was associated with inferior PFS in the FIRE-1 trial. We did not detect a prognostic impact of HER2/neu and HER3 overexpression in mCRC. The frequency of overexpression was comparable with other studies.
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Fosdahl AM, Dietrich M, Schink KO, Malik MS, Skeie M, Bertelsen V, Stang E. ErbB3 interacts with Hrs and is sorted to lysosomes for degradation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2241-2252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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EGF and NRG induce phosphorylation of HER3/ERBB3 by EGFR using distinct oligomeric mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2836-E2845. [PMID: 28320942 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617994114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteromeric interactions between the catalytically impaired human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER3/ERBB3) and its catalytically active homologs EGFR and HER2 are essential for their signaling. Different ligands can activate these receptor pairs but lead to divergent signaling outcomes through mechanisms that remain largely unknown. We used stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) with pair-correlation analysis to show that EGF and neuregulin (NRG) can induce different extents of HER3 clustering that are dependent on the nature of the coexpressed HER receptor. We found that the presence of these clusters correlated with distinct patterns and mechanisms of receptor phosphorylation. NRG induction of HER3 phosphorylation depended on the formation of the asymmetric kinase dimer with EGFR in the absence of detectable higher-order oligomers. Upon EGF stimulation, HER3 paralleled previously observed EGFR behavior and formed large clusters within which HER3 was phosphorylated via a noncanonical mechanism. HER3 phosphorylation by HER2 in the presence of NRG proceeded through still another mechanism and involved the formation of clusters within which receptor phosphorylation depended on asymmetric kinase dimerization. Our results demonstrate that the higher-order organization of HER receptors is an essential feature of their ligand-induced behavior and plays an essential role in lateral cross-activation of the receptors. We also show that HER receptor ligands exert unique effects on signaling by modulating this behavior.
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28
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The ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinase negatively regulates Paneth cells by PI3K-dependent suppression of Atoh1. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:855-865. [PMID: 28304405 PMCID: PMC5423110 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Paneth cells (PCs), a secretory population located at the base of the intestinal crypt, support the intestinal stem cells (ISC) with growth factors and participate in innate immunity by releasing antimicrobial peptides, including lysozyme and defensins. PC dysfunction is associated with disorders such as Crohn's disease and necrotizing enterocolitis, but the specific pathways regulating PC development and function are not fully understood. Here we tested the role of the neuregulin receptor ErbB3 in control of PC differentiation and the ISC niche. Intestinal epithelial ErbB3 knockout caused precocious appearance of PCs as early as postnatal day 7, and substantially increased the number of mature PCs in adult mouse ileum. ErbB3 loss had no effect on other secretory lineages, but increased expression of the ISC marker Lgr5. ErbB3-null intestines had elevated levels of the Atoh1 transcription factor, which is required for secretory fate determination, while Atoh1+ cells had reduced ErbB3, suggesting reciprocal negative regulation. ErbB3-null intestinal progenitor cells showed reduced activation of the PI3K-Akt and ERK MAPK pathways. Inhibiting these pathways in HT29 cells increased levels of ATOH1 and the PC marker LYZ. Conversely, ErbB3 activation suppressed LYZ and ATOH1 in a PI3K-dependent manner. Expansion of the PC compartment in ErbB3-null intestines was accompanied with elevated ER stress and inflammation markers, raising the possibility that negative regulation of PCs by ErbB3 is necessary to maintain homeostasis. Taken together, our data suggest that ErbB3 restricts PC numbers through PI3K-mediated suppression of Atoh1 levels leading to inhibition of PC differentiation, with important implications for regulation of the ISC niche.
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Umelo I, Noeparast A, Chen G, Renard M, Geers C, Vansteenkiste J, Giron P, De Wever O, Teugels E, De Grève J. Identification of a novel HER3 activating mutation homologous to EGFR-L858R in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3068-83. [PMID: 26689995 PMCID: PMC4823091 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations found within the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) of the human epidermal growth factor (HER) family of receptors have been implicated in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no conclusive reports have described pathogenic mutations in kinase-impaired HER3. Here, we report a case of an advanced chemotherapy-resistant NSCLC, harboring a novel HER3V855A somatic mutation homologous to the EGFRL858Ractivating mutation. Co-expression of HER3V855A and wild-type HER2 enhances ligand-induced transformation of murine and human cell lines, while HER-targeted inhibitors potently suppress mutant HER3 activity. Consistent with these observations, in silico computational modeling predicts that mutant V855A alters the kinase domain and c-terminal end of the HER3 protein. Taken together, these findings provide a basis for the clinical exploration of targeted therapies in HER3 mutant NSCLC and by extrapolation, in other cancers that more frequently carry somatic HER3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma Umelo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Amir Noeparast
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Giron
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research and Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Erik Teugels
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jacques De Grève
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Bruxelles, Belgium
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30
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Safavi S, Järnum S, Vannas C, Udhane S, Jonasson E, Tomic TT, Grundevik P, Fagman H, Hansson M, Kalender Z, Jauhiainen A, Dolatabadi S, Stratford EW, Myklebost O, Eriksson M, Stenman G, Schneider-Stock R, Ståhlberg A, Åman P. HSP90 inhibition blocks ERBB3 and RET phosphorylation in myxoid/round cell liposarcoma and causes massive cell death in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 7:433-45. [PMID: 26595521 PMCID: PMC4808009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid sarcoma (MLS) is one of the most common types of malignant soft tissue tumors. MLS is characterized by the FUS-DDIT3 or EWSR1-DDIT3 fusion oncogenes that encode abnormal transcription factors. The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) encoding RET was previously identified as a putative downstream target gene to FUS-DDIT3 and here we show that cultured MLS cells expressed phosphorylated RET together with its ligand Persephin. Treatment with RET specific kinase inhibitor Vandetanib failed to reduce RET phosphorylation and inhibit cell growth, suggesting that other RTKs may phosphorylate RET. A screening pointed out EGFR and ERBB3 as the strongest expressed phosphorylated RTKs in MLS cells. We show that ERBB3 formed nuclear and cytoplasmic complexes with RET and both RTKs were previously reported to form complexes with EGFR. The formation of RTK hetero complexes could explain the observed Vandetanib resistence in MLS. EGFR and ERBB3 are clients of HSP90 that help complex formation and RTK activation. Treatment of cultured MLS cells with HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG, caused loss of RET and ERBB3 phosphorylation and lead to rapid cell death. Treatment of MLS xenograft carrying Nude mice resulted in massive necrosis, rupture of capillaries and hemorrhages in tumor tissues. We conclude that complex formation between RET and other RTKs may cause RTK inhibitor resistance. HSP90 inhibitors can overcome this resistance and are thus promising drugs for treatment of MLS/RCLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Safavi
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Järnum
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Vannas
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sameer Udhane
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Jonasson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tajana Tesan Tomic
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Grundevik
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hansson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zeynep Kalender
- Mathematical Statistics, Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Jauhiainen
- Mathematical Statistics, Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Soheila Dolatabadi
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Wessel Stratford
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Stenman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Åman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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31
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Sami N, Kumar V, Islam A, Ali S, Ahmad F, Hassan I. Exploring Missense Mutations in Tyrosine Kinases Implicated with Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5085-5106. [PMID: 27544236 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are one of the largest families of evolutionarily related proteins and the third most common protein class of human genome. All the protein kinases share the same structural organization. They are made up of an extracellular domain, transmembrane domain and an intra cellular kinase domain. Missense mutations in these kinases have been studied extensively and correlated with various neurological disorders. Individual mutations in the kinase domain affect the functions of protein. The enhanced or reduced expression of protein leads to hyperactivation or inactivation of the signalling pathways, resulting in neurodegeneration. Here, we present extensive analyses of missense mutations in the tyrosine kinase focussing on the neurodegenerative diseases encompassing structure function relationship. This is envisaged to enhance our understanding about the neurodegeneration and possible therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sami
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sher Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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32
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Malm M, Frejd FY, Ståhl S, Löfblom J. Targeting HER3 using mono- and bispecific antibodies or alternative scaffolds. MAbs 2016; 8:1195-1209. [PMID: 27532938 PMCID: PMC5058629 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1212147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) has in recent years been recognized as a key node in the complex signaling network of many different cancers. It is implicated in de novo and acquired resistance against therapies targeting other growth factor receptors, e.g., EGFR, HER2, and it is a major activator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Consequently, HER3 has attracted substantial attention, and is today a key target for drugs in clinical development. Sophisticated protein engineering approaches have enabled the generation of a range of different affinity proteins targeting this receptor, including antibodies and alternative scaffolds that are either mono- or bispecific. Here, we describe HER3 and its role as a key tumor target, and give a comprehensive review of HER3-targeted proteins currently in development, including discussions on the opportunities and challenges of targeting this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Malm
- a Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE , Stockholm
| | - Fredrik Y Frejd
- b Affibody AB, SE, Stockholm , Sweden.,c Department of Immunology , Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Stefan Ståhl
- a Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE , Stockholm
| | - John Löfblom
- a Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE , Stockholm
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33
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Zhang N, Chang Y, Rios A, An Z. HER3/ErbB3, an emerging cancer therapeutic target. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:39-48. [PMID: 26496898 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
HER3 is a member of the HER (EGFR/ErbB) receptor family consisting of four closely related type 1 transmembrane receptors (EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4). HER receptors are part of a complex signaling network intertwined with the Ras/Raf/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and PKC signaling pathways. Aberrant activation of the HER receptors and downstream signaling molecules tips the balance on cellular events, leading to various types of cancers. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule inhibitors targeting EGFR and HER2 tyrosine kinase activities exhibit clinical benefits in the treatment of several types of cancers, but their clinical efficacy is limited by the occurrence of drug resistance. HER3 is the preferred dimerization partner of HER2 and it is well established that HER3 plays an important role in drug resistance to EGFR- and HER2-targeting therapies. Since HER3 has limited kinase activity, mAbs are being explored to target HER3 for cancer therapy. Currently, approximately a dozen of anti-HER3 mAbs are at different stages of clinical development. However, the lack of established biomarkers has made it more challenging to stratify cancer patients to whom HER3-targeting therapies can be more effective. In this review, we focus on the validation of HER3 as a cancer drug target, the recent development in biomarker discovery for anti-HER3 therapies, and the progress made in the clinical development of HER3-targeting mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Adan Rios
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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34
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Hu S, Sun Y, Meng Y, Wang X, Yang W, Fu W, Guo H, Qian W, Hou S, Li B, Rao Z, Lou Z, Guo Y. Molecular architecture of the ErbB2 extracellular domain homodimer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1695-706. [PMID: 25633808 PMCID: PMC4359325 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptors (HERs or ErbBs) play crucial roles in numerous cellular processes. ErbB2 is a key member of ErbB family, and its overexpression is recognized as a frequent molecular abnormality. In cancer, this overexpression correlates with aggressive disease and poor patient outcomes. Dimer-dependent phosphorylation is a key event for the signal transduction of ErbBs. However, the molecular mechanism of the dimerization of ErbB2 remains elusive. In the present work, we report the homodimer architecture of the ErbB2 extracellular domain (ECD) which is unique compared with other dimer-models of ErbBs. The structure of the ErbB2 ECD homodimer represents a "back to head" interaction, in which a protruding β-hairpin arm in domain II of one ErbB2 protomer is inserted into a C-shaped pocket created by domains I-III of the adjacent ErbB2 protomer. This dimerized architecture and its impact on the phosphorylation of ErbB2 intracellular domain were further verified by a mutagenesis study. We also elucidated the different impacts of two clinically administered therapeutic antibodies, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, on ErbB2 dimerization. This information not only provides an understanding of the molecular mechanism of ErbBs dimerization but also elucidates ErbB2-targeted therapy at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hu
- International Joint Cancer Institute & Translational Medicine Research Institute, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.,National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Structural Biology and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yuna Sun
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Structural Biology and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Meng
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & Antibody, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoze Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Weili Yang
- Cancer Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Fu
- Cancer Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P.R. China
| | - Huaizu Guo
- International Joint Cancer Institute & Translational Medicine Research Institute, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & Antibody, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Weizhu Qian
- International Joint Cancer Institute & Translational Medicine Research Institute, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & Antibody, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Hou
- International Joint Cancer Institute & Translational Medicine Research Institute, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P.R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & Antibody, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, P.R. China
| | - Bohua Li
- International Joint Cancer Institute & Translational Medicine Research Institute, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P.R. China
| | - Zihe Rao
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Structural Biology and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Lou
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Guo
- International Joint Cancer Institute & Translational Medicine Research Institute, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & Antibody, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, P.R. China
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35
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Capparelli C, Rosenbaum S, Berman-Booty LD, Salhi A, Gaborit N, Zhan T, Chervoneva I, Roszik J, Woodman SE, Davies MA, Setiady YY, Osman I, Yarden Y, Aplin AE. ErbB3-ErbB2 Complexes as a Therapeutic Target in a Subset of Wild-type BRAF/NRAS Cutaneous Melanomas. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3554-67. [PMID: 26206558 PMCID: PMC4558382 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The treatment options remain limited for patients with melanoma who are wild-type for both BRAF and NRAS (WT/WT). We demonstrate that a subgroup of WT/WT melanomas display high basal phosphorylation of ErbB3 that is associated with autocrine production of the ErbB3 ligand neuregulin-1 (NRG1). In WT/WT melanoma cells displaying high levels of phospho-ErbB3, knockdown of NRG1 reduced cell viability and was associated with decreased phosphorylation of ErbB3, its coreceptor ErbB2, and its downstream target, AKT. Similar effects were observed by targeting ErbB3 with either siRNAs or the neutralizing ErbB3 monoclonal antibodies huHER3-8 and NG33. In addition, pertuzumab-mediated inhibition of ErbB2 heterodimerization decreased AKT phosphorylation, cell growth in vitro, and xenograft growth in vivo. Pertuzumab also potentiated the effects of MEK inhibitor on WT/WT melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that targeting ErbB3-ErbB2 signaling in a cohort of WT/WT melanomas leads to tumor growth reduction. Together, these studies support the rationale to target the NRG1-ErbB3-ErbB2 axis as a novel treatment strategy in a subset of cutaneous melanomas.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neuregulin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neuregulin-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms
- Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Capparelli
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheera Rosenbaum
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa D Berman-Booty
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amel Salhi
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Nadège Gaborit
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Iman Osman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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36
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Rocca A, Andreis D, Fedeli A, Maltoni R, Sarti S, Cecconetto L, Pietri E, Schirone A, Bravaccini S, Serra P, Farolfi A, Amadori D. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of pertuzumab in breast cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1647-63. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1078311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Loss of Trop2 causes ErbB3 activation through a neuregulin-1-dependent mechanism in the mesenchymal subtype of HNSCC. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9281-94. [PMID: 25238142 PMCID: PMC4253434 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), four intrinsic subtypes (or groups) have been identified, and each one possesses a unique biology that will require specific treatment strategies. We previously reported that mesenchymal (group 2) tumors exhibit reduced levels of Trop2 expression. In this study, we investigated the functional role of Trop2 in HNSCC and find that loss results in autocrine activation of the EGFR family member ErbB3 via neuregulin-1. Trop2 localizes to both the cell surface and cytosol of HNSCC cells and forms a complex with neuregulin-1, which is predominantly cytosolic. Inactivation of Trop2 increases the concentration of neuregulin-1 at the cell surface where it is cleaved to activate ErbB3. In primary HNSCC, detection of ErbB3 activation was limited to Trop2 negative tumors. An analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC dataset confirms enrichment for ErbB3 activity in mesenchymal tumors. Notably, Trop2 loss triggers sensitivity to anti-ErbB3 antibodies, which results in reduced proliferation and tumorigenic growth of Trop2 negative HNSCC cancer cells. These results uncover a molecular mechanism by which tumor cells control the amount of cell-surface neuregulin-1 available for cleavage and ErbB3 activation. Moreover, we demonstrate that Trop2 is a potential surrogate biomarker to identify tumors with ErbB3 activation and may therefore respond to anti-ErbB3 therapeutics.
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Kovacs E, Zorn JA, Huang Y, Barros T, Kuriyan J. A structural perspective on the regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Annu Rev Biochem 2015; 84:739-64. [PMID: 25621509 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of many cancers. The structure of intact forms of this receptor has yet to be determined, but intense investigations of fragments of the receptor have provided a detailed view of its activation mechanism, which we review here. Ligand binding converts the receptor to a dimeric form, in which contacts are restricted to the receptor itself, allowing heterodimerization of the four EGFR family members without direct ligand involvement. Activation of the receptor depends on the formation of an asymmetric dimer of kinase domains, in which one kinase domain allosterically activates the other. Coupling between the extracellular and intracellular domains may involve a switch between alternative crossings of the transmembrane helices, which form dimeric structures. We also discuss how receptor regulation is compromised by oncogenic mutations and the structural basis for negative cooperativity in ligand binding.
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Sathyamurthy A, Yin DM, Barik A, Shen C, Bean JC, Figueiredo D, She JX, Xiong WC, Mei L. ERBB3-mediated regulation of Bergmann glia proliferation in cerebellar lamination. Development 2015; 142:522-32. [PMID: 25564653 DOI: 10.1242/dev.115931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cortical lamination is crucial for the assembly of cerebellar circuitry. In this process, granule neurons (GNs) migrate along Bergmann glia (BG), which are specialized astroglial cells, from the external granule layer to the internal granule layer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BG development are not well understood. Here, we show that GFAP::Cre;Erbb3(F/F) mice, which lack Erbb3 in both radial glia and neurons, exhibit impairments in balance and motor coordination. Cerebellar lamination is aberrant, with misplaced Purkinje neurons and GN clusters. These phenotypes were not observed in Math1::CreER(T2);Erbb3(F/F) mice, where the Erbb3 gene was deleted in GNs, suggesting involvement of non-neuronal Erbb3 in cerebellar lamination. Mechanistic studies indicate that ERBB3 is crucial for the proliferation of BG, which are required for GN migration. These observations identify a crucial role for ERBB3 in cerebellar lamination and reveal a novel mechanism that regulates BG development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Sathyamurthy
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dong-Min Yin
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Arnab Barik
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chengyong Shen
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Jonathan C Bean
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dwight Figueiredo
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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40
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Gong C, Zhang Y, Shankaran H, Resat H. Integrated analysis reveals that STAT3 is central to the crosstalk between HER/ErbB receptor signaling pathways in human mammary epithelial cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:146-58. [PMID: 25315124 PMCID: PMC4540226 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00471j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptors (HER, also known as ErbB) drive cellular proliferation, pro-survival and stress responses by activating several downstream kinases, in particular ERK, p38 MAPK, JNK (SAPK), the PI3K/AKT, as well as various transcriptional regulators such as STAT3. When co-expressed, the first three members of HER family (HER1-3) can form homo- and hetero-dimers, and there is considerable evidence suggesting that the receptor dimers differentially activate intracellular signaling pathways. To better understand the interactions in this system, we pursued multi-factorial experiments where HER dimerization patterns and signaling pathways were rationally perturbed. We measured the activation of HER1-3 receptors and of the sentinel signaling proteins ERK, AKT, p38 MAPK, JNK, STAT3 as a function of time in a panel of human mammary epithelial (HME) cells expressing different levels of HER1-3 stimulated with various ligand combinations. We hypothesized that the HER dimerization pattern is a better predictor of downstream signaling than the total receptor activation levels. We validated this hypothesis using a combination of model-based analysis to quantify the HER dimerization patterns, and by clustering the activation data in multiple ways to confirm that the HER receptor dimer is a better predictor of the signaling through p38 MAPK, ERK and AKT pathways than the total HER receptor expression and activation levels. We then pursued combinatorial inhibition studies to identify the causal regulatory interactions between sentinel signaling proteins. Quantitative analysis of the collected data using the modular response analysis (MRA) and its Bayesian Variable Selection Algorithm (BVSA) version allowed us to obtain a consensus regulatory interaction model, which revealed that STAT3 occupies a central role in the crosstalk between the studied pathways in HME cells. Results of the BVSA/MRA and cluster analysis were in agreement with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Gong
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Harish Shankaran
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Haluk Resat
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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41
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Littlefield P, Liu L, Mysore V, Shan Y, Shaw DE, Jura N. Structural analysis of the EGFR/HER3 heterodimer reveals the molecular basis for activating HER3 mutations. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra114. [PMID: 25468994 PMCID: PMC4492339 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) tyrosine kinases homo- and heterodimerize to activate downstream signaling pathways. HER3 is a catalytically impaired member of the HER family that contributes to the development of several human malignancies and is mutated in a subset of cancers. HER3 signaling depends on heterodimerization with a catalytically active partner, in particular epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (the founding family member, also known as HER1) or HER2. The activity of homodimeric complexes of catalytically active HER family members depends on allosteric activation between the two kinase domains. To determine the structural basis for HER3 signaling through heterodimerization with a catalytically active HER family member, we solved the crystal structure of the heterodimeric complex formed by the isolated kinase domains of EGFR and HER3. The structure showed HER3 as an allosteric activator of EGFR and revealed a conserved role of the allosteric mechanism in activation of HER family members through heterodimerization. To understand the effects of cancer-associated HER3 mutations at the molecular level, we solved the structures of two kinase domains of HER3 mutants, each in a heterodimeric complex with the kinase domain of EGFR. These structures, combined with biochemical analysis and molecular dynamics simulations, indicated that the cancer-associated HER3 mutations enhanced the allosteric activator function of HER3 by redesigning local interactions at the dimerization interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Littlefield
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lijun Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Yibing Shan
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - David E Shaw
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY 10036, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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42
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Zhao Z, Li R, Sha S, Wang Q, Mao W, Liu T. Targeting HER3 with miR-450b-3p suppresses breast cancer cells proliferation. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1404-12. [PMID: 25046105 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer cells, heterodimerization of HER2 and HER3 plays important and dominant roles in the functionality and transformation of HER-mediated pathways, in particular the PI3K/Akt survival pathway. HER3 was considered as a major signaling hub in HER2-amplified cancers. Inhibition of HER3 expression may therefore represent a rational therapeutic approach to breast cancers where HER2/HER3-mediated signaling plays a role in tumorigenesis and progression. miRNAs exerts important roles in regulating gene expressions by binding to and repressing target mRNAs. Here we reported that miRNA-450b-3p inhibits HER3 expression by directly targeting 3' UTR of HER3 mRNA and represses the downstream signal transductions of HER family. Overexpression of miRNA-450b-3p in SKBR3 cells inhibits cells clonogenic potential and enhances their sensitivity to trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the HER2 receptor, or doxorubicin through repressing proliferative signal pathways mediated by HER3/HER2/PI3K/AKT. Furthermore, we found that breast cancer patients with tumors that demonstrating upregulated HER3 (> 2-fold) and downregulated miR-450b-3p (> 2-fold) expressions compared with the paired adjacent non-tumorous tissues showed significantly poorer overall survival (P<0.05). Our study identified miRNA-450b-3p as a new tumor repressor and also provided some evidences suggesting that downregulation of miR-450b-3p expression with concurrent overexpression of HER3 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for poor overall survival in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Department of Oncology; The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College; Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hematology; the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Sha Sha
- Department of Oncology; The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College; Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Oncology; The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College; Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weidong Mao
- Department of Oncology; The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College; Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Oncology; The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College; Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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43
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Reiterer V, Eyers PA, Farhan H. Day of the dead: pseudokinases and pseudophosphatases in physiology and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:489-505. [PMID: 24818526 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudophosphatases and pseudokinases are increasingly viewed as integral elements of signaling pathways, and there is mounting evidence that they have frequently retained the ability to interact with cellular 'substrates', and can exert important roles in different diseases. However, these pseudoenzymes have traditionally received scant attention compared to classical kinases and phosphatases. In this review we explore new findings in the emerging pseudokinase and pseudophosphatase fields, and discuss their different modes of action which include exciting new roles as scaffolds, anchors, spatial modulators, traps, and ligand-driven regulators of canonical kinases and phosphatases. Thus, it is now apparent that pseudokinases and pseudophosphatases both support and drive a panoply of signaling networks. Finally, we highlight recent evidence on their involvement in human pathologies, marking them as potential novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Reiterer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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44
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Ma J, Lyu H, Huang J, Liu B. Targeting of erbB3 receptor to overcome resistance in cancer treatment. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:105. [PMID: 24886126 PMCID: PMC4022415 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The erbB receptors, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), erbB2 (also known as HER2/neu), erbB3 (or HER3), and erbB4 (or HER4), are often aberrantly activated in a wide variety of human cancers. They are excellent targets for selective anti-cancer therapies because of their transmembrane location and pro-oncogenic activity. While several therapeutic agents against erbB2 and/or EGFR have been used in the treatment of human cancers with efficacy, there has been relatively less emphasis on erbB3 as a molecular target. Elevated expression of erbB3 is frequently observed in various malignancies, where it promotes tumor progression via interactions with other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) due to its lack of or weak intrinsic kinase activity. Studies on the underlying mechanisms implicate erbB3 as a major cause of treatment failure in cancer therapy, mainly through activation of the PI-3 K/Akt, MEK/MAPK, and Jak/Stat signaling pathways as well as Src kinase. It is believed that inhibition of erbB3 signaling may be required to overcome therapeutic resistance and effectively treat cancers. To date, no erbB3-targeted therapy has been approved for cancer treatment. Targeting of erbB3 receptor with a monoclonal antibody (Ab) is the only strategy currently under preclinical study and clinical evaluation. In this review, we focus on the role of erbB3-initiated signaling in the development of cancer drug resistance and discuss the latest advances in identifying therapeutic strategies inactivating erbB3 to overcome the resistance and enhance efficacy of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bolin Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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45
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Parodi EM, Kuhn B. Signalling between microvascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes through neuregulin. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:194-204. [PMID: 24477642 PMCID: PMC3989448 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocellular communication in the heart is an important mechanism for matching circulatory demands with cardiac structure and function, and neuregulins (Nrgs) play an important role in transducing this signal between the hearts' vasculature and musculature. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding Nrgs, explaining their roles in transducing signals between the heart's microvasculature and cardiomyocytes. We highlight intriguing areas being investigated for developing new, Nrg-mediated strategies to heal the heart in acquired and congenital heart diseases, and note avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Kuhn
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Enders Building, Room 1212, Brookline, MA 02115, USA
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46
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Arndt-Jovin DJ, Botelho MG, Jovin TM. Structure-function relationships of ErbB RTKs in the plasma membrane of living cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:a008961. [PMID: 24691959 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We review the states of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), primarily the EGF receptor (EGFR, ErbB1, HER1) and the orphan receptor ErbB2 as they exist in living mammalian cells, focusing on four main aspects: (1) aggregation state and distribution in the plasma membrane; (2) conformational features of the receptors situated in the plasma membrane, compared to the crystallographic structures of the isolated extracellular domains; (3) coupling of receptor disposition on filopodia with the transduction of signaling ligand gradients; and (4) ligand-independent receptor activation by application of a magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna J Arndt-Jovin
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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47
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Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J, Ferguson KM. The EGFR family: not so prototypical receptor tyrosine kinases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:a020768. [PMID: 24691965 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a020768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was among the first receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) for which ligand binding was studied and for which the importance of ligand-induced dimerization was established. As a result, EGFR and its relatives have frequently been termed "prototypical" RTKs. Many years of mechanistic studies, however, have revealed that--far from being prototypical--the EGFR family is quite unique. As we discuss in this review, the EGFR family uses a distinctive "receptor-mediated" dimerization mechanism, with ligand binding inducing a dramatic conformational change that exposes a dimerization arm. Intracellular kinase domain regulation in this family is also unique, being driven by allosteric changes induced by asymmetric dimer formation rather than the more typical activation-loop phosphorylation. EGFR family members also distinguish themselves from other RTKs in having an intracellular juxtamembrane (JM) domain that activates (rather than autoinhibits) the receptor and a very large carboxy-terminal tail that contains autophosphorylation sites and serves an autoregulatory function. We discuss recent advances in mechanistic aspects of all of these components of EGFR family members, attempting to integrate them into a view of how RTKs in this important class are regulated at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lemmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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48
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Lee Y, Ma J, Lyu H, Huang J, Kim A, Liu B. Role of erbB3 receptors in cancer therapeutic resistance. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:190-8. [PMID: 24449784 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB3 receptors are unique members of the erbB receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which are often aberrantly expressed and/or activated in human cancers. Unlike other members in the family, erbB3 lacks or has impaired kinase activity. To transduce cell signaling, erbB3 has to interact with other RTKs and to be phosphorylated by its interactive partners, of those, erbB2 is the most important one. ErbB3 is frequently co-expressed with other RTKs in cancer cells to activate oncogenic signaling, such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, Janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) pathway, etc. and thereby promote tumorigenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that activation of erbB3 signaling plays an important role in the progression of a variety of tumor types, such as erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer, platinum refractory/resistant ovarian cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor TKI-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer, and others. Basic research on the underlying mechanisms implicated the functions of erbB3 as a major cause of treatment failure in cancer therapy. Thus, concomitant inhibition of erbB3 is thought to be required to overcome the resistance and to effectively treat human cancers. This review focuses on the latest advances in our understanding of erbB3-initiated signaling in the development of resistance to cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseok Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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49
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SHIMOYAMA SHOUJI. Unraveling trastuzumab and lapatinib inefficiency in gastric cancer: Future steps (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 2:175-181. [PMID: 24649329 PMCID: PMC3917765 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly developed concept of oncogene addiction provides a rationale for the use of targeted therapies. In sharp contrast to the field of breast cancer treatment, attempts to target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) among gastric cancer (GC) patients have been unsatisfactory. The ToGA trial reported only a modest prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS) with trastuzumab and the subsequent TYTAN and LOGiC trials failed to demonstrate any survival advantage with lapatinib. These results suggest that a response to the molecular-targeted therapies is achieved in only a fraction of the patients; in addition, even responders may experience secondary resistance, with the efficacy of the treatment being decreased or abrogated over a short period of time. Considering the increased recognition of primary or acquired resistance, recent investigations on targeted therapies have been primarily focused on determining in advance the mechanisms that may mediate resistance to treatment and the methods through which such obstacles may be circumvented. The proposed molecules or mechanisms that may be responsible for the development of resistance to single HER2-targeted therapy include a dimerization partner or crosstalk with HER2, such as HER3 and MET, as well as any subsequent activation of their downstream pathways, which exhibit a partial overlap with those of HER2. Furthermore, genetic alterations that stimulate the aberrant activation of the pathways downstream of HER2 may be the underlying mechanisms that restore prosurvival signaling. These mechanisms generate a complex signaling network with a significant potential for signal amplification and diversification. Although in the early stages of description, several compounds have been suggested as next generation treatments for GC, with expectations for their delineating the function of such receptors or molecules, with subsequent contributions of specific survival signaling blockades. This review focuses on the current achievements of anti-HER2 therapies in GC and the plausible mechanisms of resistance to these therapies. Elucidating these mechanisms of resistance may provide valuable information pertinent to the design of future strategies to improve molecular-targeted therapies.
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50
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Pan Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Hu H, Wang L, Li H, Wang R, Ye T, Luo X, Zhang Y, Li B, Cai D, Shen L, Sun Y, Chen H. Prevalence, clinicopathologic characteristics, and molecular associations of EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations in East Asian patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 Suppl 4:S490-6. [PMID: 24419753 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the prevalence, clinicopathologic characteristics and molecular associations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations in East Asian lung adenocarcinoma patients. METHODS A total of 1,086 lung adenocarcinomas were sequenced for EGFR mutations. EGFR and HER2 copy number variations; total and phosphorylated (p) protein expression of ErbB family members including EGFR, HER2, and HER3; phosphorylated protein expression of downstream signaling molecules including Akt and Erk; and clinicopathologic features in lung adenocarcinomas with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations were all investigated. RESULTS EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations were present in 2.9 % of lung adenocarcinomas and 4.7 % of all the EGFR mutations. Compared to those with classic activating EGFR mutations, lung adenocarcinomas with exon 20 insertion mutations were characterized by significantly younger age at diagnosis (P = 0.032 for exon 20 insertions vs. L858R) and shorter relapse-free survival [P = 0.045 for exon 20 insertions versus (vs) exon 19 deletions]. Molecularly, samples harboring exon 20 insertion mutations had lower expression of phosphorylated (p)-EGFR (P < 0.001) and HER3 (P = 0.016). In addition, higher expression of p-Akt (P = 0.007) and lower expression of p-Erk (P = 0.009) were observed in tumors with exon 20 insertion mutations. CONCLUSIONS Lung adenocarcinomas with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations were present in a substantial proportion. This subset showed distinct clinicopathologic features, less dependence on EGFR molecularly, and different pathway activation patterns compared to those with classic EGFR activating mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjian Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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