1
|
Chen Y, Bai Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Sun Z. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the primary and secondary metabolism changes in Glycyrrhiza uralensis with different forms of nitrogen utilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1229253. [PMID: 38023834 PMCID: PMC10653330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1229253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. represent the oldest and most frequently used herbal medicines in Eastern and Western countries. However, the quality of cultivated G. uralensis has not been adequate to meet the market demand, thereby exerting increased pressure on wild G. uralensis populations. Nitrogen, vital for plant growth, potentially influences the bioactive constituents of plants. Yet, more information is needed regarding the effect of different forms of nitrogen on G. uralensis. G. uralensis seedlings were exposed to a modified Hoagland nutrient solution (HNS), varying concentrations of nitrate (KNO3), or ammonium (NH4)2SO4. We subsequently obtained the roots of G. uralensis for physiology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics analyses. Our results indicated that medium-level ammonium nitrogen was more effective in promoting G. uralensis growth compared to nitrate nitrogen. However, low-level nitrate nitrogen distinctly accelerated the accumulation of flavonoid ingredients. Illumina sequencing of cDNA libraries prepared from four groups-treated independently with low/medium NH4 + or NO3 - identified 364, 96, 103, and 64 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each group. Our investigation revealed a general molecular and physiological metabolism stimulation under exclusive NH4 + or NO3 - conditions. This included nitrogen absorption and assimilation, glycolysis, Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, flavonoid, and triterpenoid metabolism. By creating and combining putative biosynthesis networks of nitrogen metabolism, flavonoids, and triterpenoids with related structural DEGs, we observed a positive correlation between the expression trend of DEGs and flavonoid accumulation. Notably, treatments with low-level NH4 + or medium-level NO3 - positively improved primary metabolism, including amino acids, TCA cycle, and glycolysis metabolism. Meanwhile, low-level NH4 + and NO3 - treatment positively regulated secondary metabolism, especially the biosynthesis of flavonoids in G. uralensis. Our study lays the foundation for a comprehensive analysis of molecular responses to varied nitrogen forms in G. uralensis, which should help understand the relationships between responsive genes and subsequent metabolic reactions. Furthermore, our results provide new insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying the treatment of G. uralensis and other Glycyrrhiza plants with different nitrogen forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhirong Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sardella C, Burešová B, Kotíková Z, Martinek P, Meloni R, Paznocht L, Vanara F, Blandino M. Influence of Agronomic Practices on the Antioxidant Compounds of Pigmented Wheat ( Triticum aestivum spp. aestivum L.) and Tritordeum (× Tritordeum martinii A. Pujadas, nothosp. nov.) Genotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13220-13233. [PMID: 37641979 PMCID: PMC10510394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Twelve pigmented wheat genotypes, one tritordeum, and one common wheat were grown in three field experiments under varying nitrogen (N) fertilization rates to investigate the contributions of genotype, environment, and fertilization on the levels of phenolic acids, anthocyanins, carotenoids and antioxidant capacity of the grains. Soluble phenolic acids increased significantly (+16%) in the environment with high soil N content, while bound phenolic acids and anthocyanins decreased (-16 and -57%). N fertilization affected the agronomic and qualitative traits but had limited effects on some bioactive compounds (bound phenolic acids and anthocyanins). The greatest differences appeared among the color groups and within the same color types, with the black group showing the most anthocyanins and phenolic acids (34.4 and 1207 mg·kg-1) and the highest antioxidant capacity. Some of the cultivars could be promising for the development of innovative supply chains and the production of functional foods, as they showed good yield and quality performances, and good antioxidant features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sardella
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbora Burešová
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zora Kotíková
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Martinek
- Agrotest
Fyto, Ltd., Havlíčkova
2787/121, 76701 Kroměříž, Czech Republic
| | - Raffaele Meloni
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Luboš Paznocht
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Francesca Vanara
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Blandino
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lai YH, Peng MY, Rao RY, Chen WS, Huang WT, Ye X, Yang LT, Chen LS. An Integrated Analysis of Metabolome, Transcriptome, and Physiology Revealed the Molecular and Physiological Response of Citrus sinensis Roots to Prolonged Nitrogen Deficiency. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2680. [PMID: 37514294 PMCID: PMC10383776 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Citrus sinensis seedlings were supplied with a nutrient solution containing 15 (control) or 0 (nitrogen (N) deficiency) mM N for 10 weeks. Extensive metabolic and gene reprogramming occurred in 0 mM N-treated roots (RN0) to cope with N deficiency, including: (a) enhancing the ability to keep phosphate homeostasis by elevating the abundances of metabolites containing phosphorus and the compartmentation of phosphate in plastids, and/or downregulating low-phosphate-inducible genes; (b) improving the ability to keep N homeostasis by lowering the levels of metabolites containing N but not phosphorus, upregulating N compound degradation, the root/shoot ratio, and the expression of genes involved in N uptake, and resulting in transitions from N-rich alkaloids to carbon (C)-rich phenylpropanoids and phenolic compounds (excluding indole alkaloids) and from N-rich amino acids to C-rich carbohydrates and organic acids; (c) upregulating the ability to maintain energy homeostasis by increasing energy production (tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP biosynthetic process) and decreasing energy utilization for amino acid and protein biosynthesis and new root building; (d) elevating the transmembrane transport of metabolites, thus enhancing the remobilization and recycling of useful compounds; and (e) activating protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. RN0 had a higher ability to detoxify reactive oxygen species and aldehydes, thus protecting RN0 against oxidative injury and delaying root senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Lai
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ming-Yi Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rong-Yu Rao
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wen-Shu Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei-Tao Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Ye
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El Amine B, Mosseddaq F, Naciri R, Oukarroum A. Interactive effect of Fe and Mn deficiencies on physiological, biochemical, nutritional and growth status of soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 199:107718. [PMID: 37182277 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the most common problems of soybean. It causes upper leaves yellowing, interveinal chlorosis, stunted growth and yield loss. Manganese (Mn) deficiency affects the reactions in the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II and increase the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this research is to study the effect of Fe and Mn deficiencies applied separately and simultaneously on physiological, biochemical, nutritional and growth (morphological) parameters of soybean cultivars (Glycine max L.). The experiment was conducted in nutrient hydroponic solution lacking Fe or Mn or both Fe and Mn. Chlorophyll content index (CCI) and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured through time to detect nutritional disorders at an early growth stage before the apparition of visual symptoms. The results showed that Fe and Mn deficiencies had a significant negative effect on the photosynthetic efficiency, CCI, stomatal conductance, protein content and shoot/root nutrient uptakes. Iron and manganese stress conditions were found to enhance the accumulation of secondary metabolites and increase the antioxidant activity such as total polyphenol content (TPC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These impacts were more accentuated when Fe and Mn stress were applied simultaneously than when any of the deficiencies was applied alone. More than that, Mn stress alone did not significantly affect the biomass accumulation. The obtained results showed that, in hydroponic conditions, iron and manganese rational fertilization can improve the studied parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bouthayna El Amine
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, AgoBioSciences, Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Benguerir, 43150, Morocco; Department of Plant Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Madinate Al Irfane, Morocco.
| | - Fatema Mosseddaq
- Department of Plant Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Madinate Al Irfane, Morocco
| | - Rachida Naciri
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, AgoBioSciences, Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Benguerir, 43150, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, AgoBioSciences, Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Benguerir, 43150, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee MJ, Lee HJ, Lee Y, Yang JY, Song JS, Woo SY, Kim HY, Song SY, Seo WD, Son YJ, Park SI. Cold Plasma Treatment Increases Bioactive Metabolites in Oat (Avena sativa L.) Sprouts and Enhances In Vitro Osteogenic Activity of their Extracts. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:146-153. [PMID: 36380140 PMCID: PMC9947073 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-01029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cold plasma treatment has been studied to enhance the germination, growth, and bioactive phytochemical production in crops. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of cold plasma treatment on the growth, bioactive metabolite production, and protein expression related to the physiological and osteogenic activities of oat sprouts. Oat seeds were soaked for 12 h, and then exposed to plasma for 6 min/day for 3 days after sowing. Plasma exposure did not significantly change the growth of oat sprouts; however, increased the content of bioactive metabolites. A single exposure for 6 min on the first day (T-1) increased the content of free amino acids (39.4%), γ-aminobutyric acid (53%), and avenacoside B (23%) compared to the control. Hexacosanol content was the highest in T-3 (6 min exposure on each day for 3 days), 28% higher than that in the control. Oat sprout extracts induced the phosphorylation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase and osteoblast differentiation was enhanced by increasing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity; all these effects were induced by plasma treatment. Avenacoside B content was positively correlated with ALP activity (r = 0.911, p < 0.1). These results suggest that plasma treatment has the potential to improve the value of oat sprouts and that it may be used in food fortification to enhance nutritional value for promoting human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ja Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, 55365, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jin Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Jong Seok Song
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy (KEF), Gunsan, 54004, Korea
| | - So Yeun Woo
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeob Song
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Park
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy (KEF), Gunsan, 54004, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pobereżny J, Wszelaczyńska E, Lamparski R, Lemanowicz J, Bartkowiak A, Szczepanek M, Gościnna K. The impact of spring wheat species and sowing density on soil biochemical properties, content of secondary plant metabolites and the presence of Oulema ssp. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14916. [PMID: 36860764 PMCID: PMC9969853 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of the soil are important factors influencing the yield of crops. One of the agrotechnical factors influencing the biochemical properties of soil is sowing density. It affects the yield components, light, moisture and thermal conditions in the canopy and the pressure of pests. Secondary metabolites, many of which are known to act as a defense mechanism against insects, are of importance in the interaction between the crop and abiotic and biotic factors of the habitat. To the best of our knowledge, the studies conducted so far do not sufficiently reveal the impacts of the wheat species and the sowing density, together with the biochemical properties of the soil, on the accumulation of bioactive ingredients in the crop plants, and the subsequent impacts on the occurrence of phytophagic entomofauna in various management systems. Explaining these processes creates an opportunity for more sustainable development of agriculture. The study aimed to determine the effect of wheat species and sowing density on the biochemical properties of the soil, concentrations of biologically active compounds in the plant and the occurrence of insect pests in organic (OPS) and conventional (CPS) production systems. The research was conducted on spring wheat species (Indian dwarf wheat-Triticum sphaerococcum Percival and Persian wheat-Triticum persicum Vavilov) grown in OPS and CPS at sowing densities 400, 500, 600 (seeds m-2). The following analyzes were performed: (i) soil analysis: the activity of catalases (CAT), dehydrogenases (DEH), peroxidases (PER); (ii) plant analysis: total phenolic compounds (TP), chlorogenic acid (CA), antioxidant capacity (FRAP); (iii) entomological analysis of the number of insects-Oulema spp. adults and larvae. Performing analyzes in such a wide (interdisciplinary) scope will allow for a comprehensive understanding of the soil-plant-insect biological transformation evaluation. Our results showed that an increase in soil enzyme activity caused a decrease in TP contents in the wheat grown the OPS. Despite this, both the content of TP and the anti-oxidative activity of the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were higher in these wheats. Bioactive compound contents and FRAP were most favoured by the lowest sowing density. Regardless of the production system, the occurrence of the Oulema spp. adults on T. sphaerococcum was the lowest at a sowing density of 500 seeds m-2. The occurrence of this pest's larvae was lowest at a sowing density of 400 seeds m-2. Research on bioactive compounds in plants, biochemical properties of soil and the occurrence of pests make it possible to comprehensively assess the impact of the sowing density of ancient wheat in the ecological and conventional production system, which is necessary for the development of environmentally sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Pobereżny
- Institute of Agri-Foodstuff Commodity/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska
- Institute of Agri-Foodstuff Commodity/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Lamparski
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Lemanowicz
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agata Bartkowiak
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczepanek
- Department of Agronomy/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gościnna
- Institute of Agri-Foodstuff Commodity/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Spatial-temporal variations of proline and related amino acids reveal distinct nitrogenous utilization strategies in rice during detoxification of exogenous cyanide. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110267. [PMID: 36403783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide (CN-) pollution in agricultural systems impairs amino acid metabolism in rice plants, hence decreasing their quality and yield. Meanwhile, little is known about the effects of CN- assimilation on the innate pool of proline (Pro) and its synthesis-related amino acids (Pro-AAs) in rice plants. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of exogenous KCN on indigenous levels of Pro-AAs, i.e., Pro, glutamate (Glu), arginine (Arg), and ornithine (Orn) in rice seedlings fertilized with either nitrate (NO3-) or ammonium (NH4+) through the biochemical and RT-qPCR analysis. At the same KCN treatment concentration, the relative growth rate of NH4+-fed rice seedlings was considerably higher than that of NO3--fed rice seedlings, but the residual concentration of CN- in NH4+-fed rice tissues was lower than that of NO3--fed rice tissues. Based on the UPLC and stoichiometry molar ratio calculations, it is evident that the Glu pathway contributed significantly to Pro synthesis in rice under KCN + NO3- treatments; whereas the Orn pathway governed the synthesis of Pro in rice under KCN + NH4+ treatments. Moreover, transcriptional and bioinformatics analysis revealed that NH4+ fertilization resulted in spatial-temporal differences in the genetic response in rice tissue during detoxification of CN- compared with KCN + NO3- treatments. These findings suggested that the innate level of Pro serves as "a fishing float" to balance the flux between Pro and Pro-AAs in exogenous KCN-treated rice plants under different nitrogenous nutritional conditions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun Y, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Plant secondary metabolic responses to global climate change: A meta-analysis in medicinal and aromatic plants. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:477-504. [PMID: 36271675 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in plant-environment interactions and contribute greatly to human health. Global climate changes are expected to dramatically affect plant secondary metabolism, yet a systematic understanding of such influences is still lacking. Here, we employed medicinal and aromatic plants (MAAPs) as model plant taxa and performed a meta-analysis from 360 publications using 1828 paired observations to assess the responses of different SMs levels and the accompanying plant traits to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2 ), elevated temperature (eT), elevated nitrogen deposition (eN) and decreased precipitation (dP). The overall results showed that phenolic and terpenoid levels generally respond positively to eCO2 but negatively to eN, while the total alkaloid concentration was increased remarkably by eN. By contrast, dP promotes the levels of all SMs, while eT exclusively exerts a positive influence on the levels of phenolic compounds. Further analysis highlighted the dependence of SM responses on different moderators such as plant functional types, climate change levels or exposure durations, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. Moreover, plant phenolic and terpenoid responses to climate changes could be attributed to the variations of C/N ratio and total soluble sugar levels, while the trade-off supposition contributed to SM responses to climate changes other than eCO2 . Taken together, our results predicted the distinctive SM responses to diverse climate changes in MAAPs and allowed us to define potential moderators responsible for these variations. Further, linking SM responses to C-N metabolism and growth-defence balance provided biological understandings in terms of plant secondary metabolic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salachas G, Giannakopoulos E, Hela D, Papasavvas A, Savvas D, Deligiannakis I. Enhancing bioactive compounds accumulation in red beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) plants by managing N nutrition. The identification of the 'critical' zone as a cultivation technique. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 188:21-30. [PMID: 35964361 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing interest in natural health-promoting compounds, which are mostly plant secondary metabolites, inspired attempts to stimulate mechanisms strengthening their bioaccumulation in crop plants via abiotic stress while maintaining the yield potential. This study investigates the long-term effects of limiting nitrogen (N) supply on the concentration of total phenolics, free radical activity of natural antioxidants, betacyanin content, biomass production, net photosynthetic rate, total chlorophyll content, and plant water relations in red beetroot plants (Beta vulgaris L.) grown hydroponically. Depending on fertilization, the range of N supply for evaporative demand comprises two contrasted nutrient zones, in which N is limiting (zone-1) or non-limiting (zone-2). Based on the carbon-nutrient-balance hypothesis, at the transition from 1st-zone to 2nd-zone, there is a narrow transition zone in which the plant nutrient status is considered 'critical'. Herein, to determine the 'critical' zone, a modified Michaelis-Menten (M-M) model was used using a piecewise linear regression on two indexes: net photosynthetic rates and free radical-scavenging capacity of phenolic antioxidants. The model showed that the 'critical' transition points of net photosynthetic rate and phenolic free radical content are located in a narrow zone ranging between 196.70 ± 8.75 and 271.54 ± 75.50 ppm NO3-, while the cropping season appears to affect slightly the range of 'critical' (transition) zone. Thus, supplying N to red beetroot plants to levels ranging within this 'critical' zone may be an efficient, profitable and sustainable way to increase the accumulation of health-promoting plant bioactive compounds (total phenolic compounds with radical activity and betacyanins) in hydroponically cultivated reed beetroot plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Salachas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Patras, 27200, Amaliada, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Giannakopoulos
- Department of Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Patras, 30200, Mesologhi, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Hela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Angelos Papasavvas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Patras, 27200, Amaliada, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Savvas
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cold plasma effects on the nutrients and microbiological quality of sprouts. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Influence of Blanching on the Gene Expression Profile of Phenylpropanoid, Flavonoid and Vitamin Biosynthesis, and Their Accumulation in Oenanthe javanica. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030470. [PMID: 35326120 PMCID: PMC8944621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Field blanching is a process used in agriculture to obtain sweet, delicious, and tender stems of water dropwort by obstructing sunlight. The nutritional and transcriptomic profiling of blanched water dropwort has been investigated in our previous studies. However, the effect of blanching on the production of secondary metabolites and different vitamins in water dropwort has not been investigated at the transcriptomic level. This study explored the transcriptomic variations in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and different vitamin biosynthesis pathways under different blanching periods in the water dropwort stems (pre-blanching, mid-blanching, post-blanching, and control). The results show that polyphenol and flavonoid contents decreased; however, the contents of vitamins (A, B1, B2, and C) and antioxidant activity increased significantly after blanching. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of blanched water dropwort showed the downregulation of many important genes involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, and the downregulation of these genes might be the reason for the reduction in polyphenol and flavonoid contents. We also examined and highlighted the genes involved in the higher vitamin content, antioxidant activity, pale color, tenderness, and sweetness of the blanched stem of water dropwort. In conclusion, the present study explored the role of phenylpropanoid and vitamin biosynthesis, and it will provide a basis for future investigation and application in the blanch cultivation of water dropwort.
Collapse
|
12
|
Schreiner T, Sauter D, Friz M, Heil J, Morlock GE. Is Our Natural Food Our Homeostasis? Array of a Thousand Effect-Directed Profiles of 68 Herbs and Spices. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:755941. [PMID: 34955829 PMCID: PMC8696259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of plant-rich diets and traditional medicines are increasingly recognized in the treatment of civilization diseases due to the abundance and diversity of bioactive substances therein. However, the important active portion of natural food or plant-based medicine is presently not under control. Hence, a paradigm shift from quality control based on marker compounds to effect-directed profiling is postulated. We investigated 68 powdered plant extracts (botanicals) which are added to food products in food industry. Among them are many plants that are used as traditional medicines, herbs and spices. A generic strategy was developed to evaluate the bioactivity profile of each botanical as completely as possible and to straightforwardly assign the most potent bioactive compounds. It is an 8-dimensional hyphenation of normal-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography with multi-imaging by ultraviolet, visible and fluorescence light detection as well as effect-directed assay and heart-cut of the bioactive zone to orthogonal reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromato-graphy-photodiode array detection-heated electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In the non-target, effect-directed screening via 16 different on-surface assays, we tentatively assigned more than 60 important bioactive compounds in the studied botanicals. These were antibacterials, estrogens, antiestrogens, androgens, and antiandrogens, as well as acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase, and tyrosinase inhibitors, which were on-surface heart-cut eluted from the bioautogram or enzyme inhibition autogram to the next dimension for further targeted characterization. This biological-physicochemical hyphenation is able to detect and control active mechanisms of traditional medicines or botanicals as well as the essentials of plant-based food. The array of 1,292 profiles (68 samples × 19 detections) showed the versatile bioactivity potential of natural food. It reveals how efficiently and powerful our natural food contributes to our homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Schreiner
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dorena Sauter
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maren Friz
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Heil
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud Elisabeth Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Atteya AK, Albalawi AN, Bayomy HM, El-Naggar EMBA, Ghozlan MH, Genaidy EA. Impact of planting density and soaking seeds in melatonin solution on yield, secondary products content and antimicrobial activity of lovage plant. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 29:2656-2673. [PMID: 35531235 PMCID: PMC9072908 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies worldwide have been done on the effect of medicinal uses of lovage plant but, very little works have been done on its production. In this study the effect of different planting density and soaking seeds in different concentration of melatonin solution as well as their combination treatments on yield, secondary products content and antimicrobial activity of lovage plant were studied. It was observed that using planting space of 15 cm gave the maximum mean values of total phenolic and antioxidant content and essential oil percentage. Using 30 cm planting space gave the maximum mean values of plant height, yield of herb fresh and dry weight per hectare, yield of roots dry weight and essential oil per hectare. While the plant space of 45 cm recorded the maximum mean values of fresh and dry weight of herb and roots fresh weight per plant and chlorophyll content. For melatonin levels, using 100 µM melatonin solution had the minimum mean values of number of days to emergence. While, soaking seeds in 75 µM melatonin solution recorded the best results of all studied parameters. Regarding the combination treatments, measurements comprising of herb fresh and dry weight as well as essential oil yield per hectare showed that the combination treatment of 30 cm between plants in row plus soaking seeds in 75 µM melatonin solution was able to achieve the maximum values of these parameters. While the combination treatment of 15 cm between plants in row plus soaking solution of 75 µM melatonin is recommended for getting the maximum yield of root fresh and dry weight per hectare and the maximum total phenolic and antioxidant contents per herb in both cuts of both studied season. The first major compound of lovage essential oil of herb is α-terpinyle acetate followed by β-Phellandrene. The percentages of these compounds were affected by the applied treatments. The volatile oil of lovage plant exhibits high antibacterial and antifungal properties in the concentrations range of 75–100 µg mL−1.
Collapse
|
14
|
Siatkowska K, Chraniuk M, Bollin P, Banasiuk R. Light emitting diodes optimisation for secondary metabolites production by Droseraceae plants. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 224:112308. [PMID: 34543848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The most abundant active compound in Droseraceae is plumbagin, a naphthoquinone widely used for medical purposes due to its antimicrobial, antitussive, antimalarial and anticancer properties. In this work, we created a light-emitting diode (LED) based culture illumination setup as an alternative to fluorescent lamps traditionally used as a light source in plant in vitro cultures. The plants of Drosera binata and Drosera peltata cultured under LED illumination grew equally well and produced similar amounts of biologically active compounds as plants grown under fluorescent lamps. The plants were cultured on two media differing in mineral composition, sucrose content and pH. Secondary metabolites were extracted with ethanol from the plants after harvesting. The extracts were subjected to HPLC and microbiological analyses. We observed differences in morphology and secondary metabolism between plants of the same species grown on different media. However, we did not note significant changes in secondary metabolite yield under assessed lighting conditions. We propose LEDs as a more efficient, eco-friendly and economically reasonable source of light for big scale in vitro production of plumbagin in Drosera species than fluorescent lamps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Siatkowska
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Gdańsk, Poland; Herbiopharm sp. z o.o., Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Milena Chraniuk
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Gdańsk, Poland; Herbiopharm sp. z o.o., Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Bollin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Banasiuk
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Gdańsk, Poland; Herbiopharm sp. z o.o., Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Influence of the Rhizobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides KE149 and Biochar on Waterlogging Stress Tolerance in Glycine max L. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8090094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the current climate change and increasing population scenarios, waterlogging stress in plants represents a global threat to sustainable agriculture production. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biochar have been widely reported to mitigate the effects of several abiotic stresses. Hence, in the present study, we examined the effect of the rhizobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides KE149 and biochar on soybean plants subjected to sufficient water supply and waterlogging stress conditions. Our results revealed that KE149 and biochar inoculation significantly improved plant morphological attributes, such as root length, shoot length, and fresh biomass. The biochemical analysis results showed that the two treatments determined a significant drop in the levels of endogenous phytohormones (such as abscisic acid) under normal conditions, which were considerably enhanced under waterlogging stress. However, the jasmonic acid content increased with the application of biochar and KE149 under normal conditions, and it considerably decreased under waterlogging stress. Moreover, proline, methionine, and aspartic acid were significantly increased, whereas the phenolic and flavonoid contents were reduced with the application of the two treatments under waterlogging stress. These results suggest that the application of KE149 and biochar can be a safe biological tool with which to improve the physiology and productivity of soybean plants exposed to waterlogging stress.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kavaz Yüksel A, Dikici E, Yüksel M, Işık M, Tozoğlu F, Köksal E. Phytochemical, phenolic profile, antioxidant, anticholinergic and antibacterial properties of Epilobium angustifolium (Onagraceae). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Actinidia arguta Leaf as a Donor of Potentially Healthful Bioactive Compounds: Implications of Cultivar, Time of Sampling and Soil N Level. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133871. [PMID: 34202843 PMCID: PMC8270254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status of kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta) leaf under different N regimes tested three times in field conditions during the 2015 growing season in two cultivars (‘Weiki’ and ‘Geneva’). Leaf total antioxidant capacity using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP tests was evaluated in the years 2015 to 2017, which experienced different weather conditions. Both cultivars exhibited a significant fall in leaf L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as global content of these compounds during the growing season, while total phenolic contents slightly (‘Weiki’) or significantly (‘Geneva’) increased. There was a large fluctuation in antioxidative enzyme activity during the season. The correlation between individual antioxidants and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) depended on the plant development phase. The study revealed two peaks of an increase in TEAC at the start and end of the growing season. Leaf L-AA, global phenolics, APX, CAT and TEAC depended on the N level, but thiol compounds were not affected. Over the three years, TEAC decreased as soil N fertility increased, and the strength of the N effect was year dependent. The relationship between leaf N content and ABTS and FRAP tests was highly negative. The antioxidant properties of kiwiberry leaves were found to be closely related to the plant development phase and affected by soil N fertility.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tlahig S, Bellani L, Karmous I, Barbieri F, Loumerem M, Muccifora S. Response to Salinity in Legume Species: An Insight on the Effects of Salt Stress during Seed Germination and Seedling Growth. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000917. [PMID: 33586309 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The process of soil salinization and the preponderance of saline water sources all over the world represent one of the most harmful abiotic stress to plant growth. This pointed to the importance of obtaining plants which are tolerant or resistant to salt, considering that projection of climate change for the coming years indicate an increase in temperature and rain scarcity. In the current study, the effect of NaCl was investigated on germinating seeds of Lathyrus sativus L., Vicia sativa L., Vigna radiata L. R.Wilczek and Vigna unguiculata L. Walp., by combining physiological, biochemical, biostatistical and ultrastructural analyses. Our results revealed that germination was not influenced by high NaCl concentrations, while seedling growth was affected even at low NaCl concentrations, probably due to an alteration in water uptake and in organic matter biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, phenolic acids and flavonoids was registered in all species, which tended to cope with the increasing salt stress, allowing a response mechanism such as cytoplasm detoxification and cellular turgor maintenance. Besides, the ultrastructural analysis evidenced plasmolyzed cells close to cells with a normal ultrastructure with no appreciable differences among the species. This research deeply investigates the mechanism of salt-stress response focusing on species never tested before for their possible tolerance to salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Tlahig
- Dry Land Farming and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Arid Land Institute of Medenine (IRA), Road El Jorf KM 22.5, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia.,Biology and Environmental Department, Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine (ISBAM), Road El Jorf KM 22.5, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Lorenza Bellani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Inès Karmous
- Biology and Environmental Department, Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine (ISBAM), Road El Jorf KM 22.5, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia.,Plant Toxicology and Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Francesco Barbieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Mohamed Loumerem
- Dry Land Farming and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Arid Land Institute of Medenine (IRA), Road El Jorf KM 22.5, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Simonetta Muccifora
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ethylene Induction of Non-Enzymatic Metabolic Antioxidants in Matricaria chamomilla. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235720. [PMID: 33287420 PMCID: PMC7729440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigations of Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) stated the presence of several compounds with an established therapeutic and antioxidant potential. The chamomile non-enzymatic antioxidant system includes low molecular mass compounds, mainly polyphenols such as cinnamic, hydroxybenzoic and chlorogenic acids, flavonoids and coumarins. The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system after stimulation by ethylene in tetraploid chamomile plants. Seven days of ethylene treatment significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, which influenced the biosynthesis of protective polyphenols in the first step of their biosynthetic pathway. Subsequently, considerable enhanced levels of phenolic metabolites with a substantial antioxidant effect (syringic, vanillic and caffeic acid, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin, luteolin, daphnin, and herniarin) were determined by HPLC-DAD-MS. The minimal information on the chlorogenic acids function in chamomile led to the isolation and identification of 5-O-feruloylquinic acid. It is accumulated during normal conditions, but after the excessive effect of abiotic stress, its level significantly decreases and levels of other caffeoylquinic acids enhance. Our results suggest that ethephon may act as a stimulant of the production of pharmaceutically important non-enzymatic antioxidants in chamomile leaves and thus, lead to an overall change in phytochemical content and therapeutic effects of chamomile plants, as well.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li CZ, Yang L, Lin YJ, Zhang H, Rad S, Yu XZ. Assimilation of exogenous cyanide cross talk in Oryza sativa L. to the key nodes in nitrogen metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1552-1564. [PMID: 32803565 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous cyanide (CN-) effects on nitrogen (N) uptake, transport, and assimilation in rice seedlings were investigated at the biochemical and molecular levels. Seedlings were treated with either a 2-d or 4-d supply of potassium cyanide (KCN) in the nutrient solution containing nitrate (NO3-) or ammonium (NH4+). Although a KCN-induced increase was recorded in the activity of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) in rice tissues of both NH4+-fed and NO3--fed seedlings, the former showed a significantly greater assimilation rate for CN- than the latter. The addition of KCN decreased NO3- uptake and assimilation, whereas a negligible impact was observed in NH4+ treatments. Enzymatic assays showed a marked activities enhancement of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in NH4+-fed seedlings after KCN exposure. Similarly, the rises occurring in nitrate reductase (NR) and GDH activity in NO3--fed seedlings were also detected after 2-d exposure to KCN, whereas a significant reduction of GS and GOGAT activities was determined. The results suggest that although exogenous KCN at moderate or high concentrations caused repressively effects on biomass growth of both NH4+-fed and NO3--fed rice seedlings, the nontoxic concentration of KCN supplied can serve as a supplemental N source in plant nutrition and N metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhi Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Saeed Rad
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rubio-Rodríguez E, López-Laredo AR, Medina-Pérez V, Trejo-Tapia G, Trejo-Espino JL. Influence of spermine and nitrogen deficiency on growth and secondary metabolites accumulation in Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. cultured in a RITA ® temporary immersion system. Eng Life Sci 2020; 19:944-954. [PMID: 32624984 PMCID: PMC6999081 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of exogenous spermine (SPM) on Castilleja tenuiflora shoots developing under nitrogen deficiency (ND) stress was evaluated. Shoots cultivated in a temporary immersion system were subjected to four experimental treatments: (1) control; (2) exogenous SPM; (3) ND; and (4) ND+SPM. Shoots were longer in the ND+SPM treatment (6.3 ± 0.5 cm) than in the ND treatment (4.2 ± 0.5 cm). The total chlorophyll content was similar in the control and SPM treatments (0.41 µg mg-1 FM) and the highest values of total phenolic content were detected at 21 days in the ND+SPM treatment (84.1 ± 0.05 GAE g-1 DM). In the ND+SPM treatment, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity increased earlier than in ND treatment, and reached its maximum at day 21 (3.9 ± 0.2 µmol E-CIN h-1 mg-1 protein). Compared with the control, the ND and ND+SPM treatments resulted in increased secondary metabolites contents in both root and aerial parts. The strongest effect was in the roots, where the SPM and ND+SPM treatments both resulted in increased quercetin content (4.3-fold that in the control). Our results showed that SPM partially counteract the damage caused by ND and results in increased contents of valuable bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rubio-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Morelos México
| | - Alma Rosa López-Laredo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Morelos México
| | - Virginia Medina-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Morelos México
| | - Gabriela Trejo-Tapia
- Departamento de Biotecnología Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Morelos México
| | - José Luis Trejo-Espino
- Departamento de Biotecnología Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Morelos México
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Masuku NP, Unuofin JO, Lebelo SL. Phytochemical content, antioxidant activities and androgenic properties of four South African medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2020.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical contents, antioxidant activities, and androgenic properties ofPeltophorum africanumSond,Trichilia emeticaVahl,Terminalia sambesiaca, andXimenia caffra.Methods:The finely powdered leaves of the selected plants were extracted using acetone, aqueous, and methanol as solvents. The total phenolics and flavonoids contents were determined from gallic acid and quercetin standard curves. The antioxidant activities of these extracts were evaluated using 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl ( DPPH) assay. The effect of plant extracts (100-1000 µg/mL) on TM3 Leydig cells was assessed using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. Testosterone levels were measured using ELISA kit.Results:The methanol extracts ofT. sambesiacaandX. caffrarevealed higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents (102.13±2.32 mg/g GAE and 1.05±0.04 mg/g QE, respectively) than other plant extracts. The acetone and methanol extracts ofP. africanumrevealed the best IC50value (12.50 ± 0.052 µg/mL) against DPPH than the other plant extracts and ascorbic acid. The MTT assay results showed that all varying concentrations of plant extracts maintained cell viability and were not cytotoxic with IC50values of greater than 20 µg/mL. The methanol extract ofT. sambesiacahad the highest testosterone production at 500 µg/mL (0.399 ng/mL) when compared with the basal control while at the concentration of 500 µg/mL the acetone extracts ofP. africanumandT. sambesiacahad significantly high testosterone production 0.147 and 0.188 ng/mL respectively when compared with basal control.Conclusion:The results reveal that these plants possess antioxidants and androgenic property and suggest the potential use for the treatment of male infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelisiwe Prenate Masuku
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Cnr Christiaan de Wet and Pioneer Ave, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Jeremiah Oshiomame Unuofin
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Cnr Christiaan de Wet and Pioneer Ave, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Sogolo Lucky Lebelo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Cnr Christiaan de Wet and Pioneer Ave, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
IŞIK M. Anticholinergic, Antioxidant Activity and LC-MS/MS analysis of Ethanol Extract from Salvia officinalis L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.38001/ijlsb.690835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
24
|
Ahanger MA, Qin C, Begum N, Maodong Q, Dong XX, El-Esawi M, El-Sheikh MA, Alatar AA, Zhang L. Nitrogen availability prevents oxidative effects of salinity on wheat growth and photosynthesis by up-regulating the antioxidants and osmolytes metabolism, and secondary metabolite accumulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:479. [PMID: 31703619 PMCID: PMC6839093 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is one of the damaging abiotic stress factor. Proper management techniques have been proposed to considerably lower the intensity of salinity on crop growth and productivity. Therefore experiments were conducted to assess the role of improved nitrogen (N) supplementation on the growth and salinity stress tolerance in wheat by analyzing the antioxidants, osmolytes and secondary metabolites. RESULTS Salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress imparted deleterious effects on the chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis as well as the photosynthetic efficiency. N supplementation resulted in increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration with effects being much obvious in seedlings treated with higher N dose. Under non-saline conditions at both N levels, protease and lipoxygenase activity reduced significantly reflecting in reduced oxidative damage. Such effects were accompanied by reduced generation of toxic radicals like hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, and lipid peroxidation in N supplemented seedlings. Antioxidant defence system was up-regulated under saline and non-saline growth conditions due to N supplementation leading to protection of major cellular processes like photosynthesis, membrane structure and function, and mineral assimilation. Increased osmolyte and secondary metabolite accumulation, and redox components in N supplemented plants regulated the ROS metabolism and NaCl tolerance by further strengthening the antioxidant mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Findings of present study suggest that N availability regulated the salinity tolerance by reducing Na uptake and strengthening the key tolerance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Maodong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Xue Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mohamed El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alatar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Isah T. Stress and defense responses in plant secondary metabolites production. Biol Res 2019; 52:39. [PMID: 31358053 PMCID: PMC6661828 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the growth condition(s) of plants, numerous secondary metabolites (SMs) are produced by them to serve variety of cellular functions essential for physiological processes, and recent increasing evidences have implicated stress and defense response signaling in their production. The type and concentration(s) of secondary molecule(s) produced by a plant are determined by the species, genotype, physiology, developmental stage and environmental factors during growth. This suggests the physiological adaptive responses employed by various plant taxonomic groups in coping with the stress and defensive stimuli. The past recent decades had witnessed renewed interest to study abiotic factors that influence secondary metabolism during in vitro and in vivo growth of plants. Application of molecular biology tools and techniques are facilitating understanding the signaling processes and pathways involved in the SMs production at subcellular, cellular, organ and whole plant systems during in vivo and in vitro growth, with application in metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathways intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasiu Isah
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110 062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sarker U, Islam MT, Oba S. Salinity stress accelerates nutrients, dietary fiber, minerals, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in Amaranthus tricolor leaves. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206388. [PMID: 30383779 PMCID: PMC6211690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Impact of salinity stress were investigated in three selected Amaranthus tricolor accessions in terms of nutrients, dietary fiber, minerals, antioxidant phytochemicals and total antioxidant activity in leaves. Salinity stress enhanced biochemical contents and antioxidant activity in A. tricolor leaves. Protein, ash, energy, dietary fiber, minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Na), β-carotene, ascorbic acid, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (DPPH and ABTS+) in leaves were increased by 18%, 6%, 5%, 16%, 9%, 16%, 11%, 17%, 38%, 20%, 64%, 31%, 22%, 16%, 16%, 25% and 17%, respectively at 50 mM NaCl concentration and 31%, 12%, 6%, 30%, 57%, 35%, 95%, 96%, 82%, 87%, 27%, 63%, 82%, 39%, 30%, 58% and 47%, respectively at 100 mM NaCl concentration compared to control condition. Contents of vitamins, polyphenols and flavonoids showed a good antioxidant activity due to positive and significant interrelationships with total antioxidant capacity. It revealed that A. tricolor can tolerate a certain level of salinity stress without compromising the nutritional quality of the final product. This report for the first time demonstrated that salinity stress at certain level remarkably enhances nutritional quality of the leafy vegetable A. tricolor. Taken together, our results suggest that A. tricolor could be a promising alternative crop for farmers in salinity prone areas- in the tropical and sub-tropical regions with enriched nutritional contents and antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umakanta Sarker
- Laboratory of Field Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tofazzal Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Shinya Oba
- Laboratory of Field Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Villalva M, Jaime L, Villanueva-Bermejo D, Lara B, Fornari T, Reglero G, Santoyo S. Supercritical anti-solvent fractionation for improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of an Achillea millefolium L. extract. Food Res Int 2018; 115:128-134. [PMID: 30599924 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Achillea millefolium L. is a plant widely used in traditional medicine. Nowadays, there is a growing concern about the study of its bioactive properties in order to develop food and nutraceutical formulations. Supercritical anti-solvent fractionation (SAF) of an A. millefollium extract was carried out to improve its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. A selective precipitation of phenolic compounds was achieved in the precipitation vessel fractions, which presented an antioxidant activity twice than original extract, especially when fractionation was carried out at 10 MPa. The main phenolic components identified in this fraction were luteolin-7-O-glucoside, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 6-hidroxyluteolin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-glucoside. However, separator fractions presented higher anti-inflammatory activity than precipitation vessel ones, particularly at 15 MPa. This fact could be related to separator fractions enrichment in anti-inflammatory compounds, mainly camphor, artemisia ketone and borneol. Therefore, SAF produced a concentration of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds that could be used as high-added valued ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Villalva
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Jaime
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Villanueva-Bermejo
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Lara
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Fornari
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Reglero
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Imdea-Food Institute, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Santoyo
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ahanger MA, Tomar NS, Tittal M, Argal S, Agarwal RM. Plant growth under water/salt stress: ROS production; antioxidants and significance of added potassium under such conditions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:731-744. [PMID: 29158624 PMCID: PMC5671444 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are confronted with a variety of environmenmtal stresses resulting in enhanced production of ROS. Plants require a threshold level of ROS for vital functions and any change in their concentration alters the entire physiology of plant. Delicate balance of ROS is maintained by an efficient functioning of intriguing indigenous defence system called antioxidant system comprising enzymatic and non enzymatic components. Down regulation of antioxidant system leads to ROS induced oxidative stress causing damage to important cellular structures and hence anomalies in metabolism. Proper mineral nutrition, in addition to other agricultural practices, forms an important part for growth and hence the yield. Potassium (K) is a key macro-element regulating growth and development through alterations in physiological and biochemical attributes. K has been reported to result into accumulation of osmolytes and augmentation of antioxidant components in the plants exposed to water and salt stress. In the present review an effort has been made to revisit the old findings and the current advances in research regarding the role of optimal, suboptimal and deficient K soil status on growth under normal and stressful conditions. Effect of K deficiency and sufficiency is discussed and the information about the K mediated antioxidant regulation and plant response is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisha Singh Tomar
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP 474011 India
| | - Megha Tittal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP 474011 India
| | - Surendra Argal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP 474011 India
| | - R. M. Agarwal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP 474011 India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haliloglu Y, Ozek T, Tekin M, Goger F, Baser KHC, Ozek G. Phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antityrosinase activities of Achillea sivasica Çelik and Akpulat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1308954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Haliloglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Temel Ozek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tekin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Fatih Goger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Husnu Can Baser
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), N. Cyprus
| | - Gulmira Ozek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qin P, Wei A, Zhao D, Yao Y, Yang X, Dun B, Ren G. Low concentration of sodium bicarbonate improves the bioactive compound levels and antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of tartary buckwheat sprouts. Food Chem 2017; 224:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
Kazemi M. Chemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory potential of Achillea millefolium L., Anethum graveolens L., and Carum copticum L. essential oils. J Herb Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
32
|
Le Bourvellec C, Bureau S, Renard CMGC, Plenet D, Gautier H, Touloumet L, Girard T, Simon S. Cultivar and Year Rather than Agricultural Practices Affect Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Apple Fruit. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141916. [PMID: 26618711 PMCID: PMC4664253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biotic and abiotic parameters affect the metabolites involved in the organoleptic and health value of fruits. It is therefore important to understand how the growers' decisions for cultivar and orchard management can affect the fruit composition. Practices, cultivars and/or year all might participate to determine fruit composition. To hierarchize these factors, fruit weight, dry matter, soluble solids contents, titratable acidity, individual sugars and organics acids, and phenolics were measured in three apple cultivars ('Ariane', 'Melrose' and 'Smoothee') managed under organic, low-input and conventional management. Apples were harvested at commercial maturity in the orchards of the cropping system experiment BioREco at INRA Gotheron (Drôme, 26) over the course of three years (2011, 2012 and 2013). The main factors affecting primary and secondary metabolites, in both apple skin and flesh, were by far the cultivar and the yearly conditions, while the management system had a very limited effect. When considering the three cultivars and the year 2011 to investigate the effect of the management system per se, only few compounds differed significantly between the three systems and in particular the total phenolic content did not differ significantly between systems. Finally, when considering orchards grown in the same pedoclimatic conditions and of the same age, instead of the usual organic vs. conventional comparison, the effect of the management system on the apple fruit quality (Fruit weight, dry matter, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, individual sugars, organic acids, and phenolics) was very limited to non-significant. The main factors of variation were the cultivar and the year of cropping rather than the cropping system. More generally, as each management system (e.g. conventional, organic…) encompasses a great variability of practices, this highlights the importance of accurately documenting orchard practices and design beside the generic type of management in such studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Le Bourvellec
- UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France
- UMR Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Avignon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sylvie Bureau
- UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France
- UMR Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Avignon, France
| | - Catherine M. G. C. Renard
- UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France
- UMR Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Avignon, France
| | - Daniel Plenet
- UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France
- UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France
| | - Hélène Gautier
- UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France
- UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France
| | - Line Touloumet
- UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France
- UMR Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Avignon, France
| | - Thierry Girard
- UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France
- UE695 Recherches Intégrées, Domaine de Gotheron, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saint-Marcel lès-Valence, France
| | - Sylvaine Simon
- UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France
- UE695 Recherches Intégrées, Domaine de Gotheron, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saint-Marcel lès-Valence, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ghafoor K, AL-Juhaimi F, Ozcan M, Jahurul M. Some nutritional characteristics and mineral contents in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds cultivated under salt stress. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2013.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ghafoor
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - F. AL-Juhaimi
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M.M. Ozcan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural, Selcuk University, 42079 Konya, Turkey
| | - M.H.A. Jahurul
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tatar Ö, Bayram E, Gesheva E, Sönmez Ç, Atasoy D, Konakchiev A, Gevrek MN. Physiological and Biochemical Responses ofAchillea MillefoliumGroup-Related Cultivar Proa to Different Nitrogen Regimes. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2013.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
35
|
Kováčik J, Klejdus B, Babula P, Jarošová M. Variation of antioxidants and secondary metabolites in nitrogen-deficient barley plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:260-8. [PMID: 24054753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Bojos) plants cultured in low nitrogen (N) containing Hoagland solution (20 mg/l) were exposed to N deficiency (-N) over 15 days. Plants revealed relatively high tolerance to total N deficit because shoot length was not altered and dry biomass was depleted by ca. 30% while root length increased by ca. 50% and dry biomass remained unaffected. Soluble proteins and free amino acids decreased more pronouncedly in the roots. Antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbic acid) decreased in the shoots but increased or were not affected in the roots. Ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were depleted in shoots and/or roots while guaiacol peroxidase activity was stimulated in the shoots. In accordance, fluorescence signal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide was elevated in shoots but no extensive changes were observed in roots if +N and -N treatments are compared. At the level of phenolic metabolites, slight increase in soluble phenols and some phenolic acids and strong elevation of flavonoid homoorientin was found in the shoots but not in the roots. Fluorescence microscopy in terms of detection of phenols is also discussed. We also briefly discussed accuracy of quantification of some parameters owing to discrepancies in the literature. It is concluded that N deficiency induces increase in shoot phenolics but also elevates symptoms of oxidative stress while increase in root antioxidants probably contributes to ROS homeostasis aimed to maintain root development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Bořivoj Klejdus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Jarošová
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Musilová J, Lachman J, Bystrická J, Poláková Z, Kováčik P, Hrabovská D. The changes of the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) due to nitrogen fertilization. POTRAVINARSTVO 2013. [DOI: 10.5219/305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
37
|
Giorgi A, Manzo A, Vagge I, Panseri S. Effect of Light Environment on Growth and Phenylpropanoids of Yarrow (Achillea collina cv. SPAK) Grown in the Alps. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:113-20. [PMID: 23927610 DOI: 10.1111/php.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year field study on the effect of different light environments, obtained by using cladding materials (polyethylene films and shade net) able to cut off specific regions of the photosynthetically active radiation and ultraviolet wavebands, on the growth and phenylpropanoids content of Achillea collina grown in the Alps was conducted. Overall the plant growth was strongly enhanced in the second growing season irrespective of radiation treatment. The light environment did not affect total biomass accumulation, but only carbon allocation to leaves or inflorescences. Indeed the phenylpropanoid levels in inflorescences appeared to be more sensitive to the light environment than leaves as the latter showed high constitutive amounts of these compounds. However, the use of polyethylene films improved to some extent the content of caffeic acid derivatives in leaves. Our results showed that yarrow production, in the alpine situation considered, is influenced by the growing season and the light environment, providing a basis to optimize its quality, depending on the concentration of bioactive compounds, by means of proper agronomic practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment - Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Manzo
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment - Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilda Vagge
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment - Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kováčik J, Klejdus B. Induction of phenolic metabolites and physiological changes in chamomile plants in relation to nitrogen nutrition. Food Chem 2013; 142:334-41. [PMID: 24001850 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alternative tools, such as the manipulation of mineral nutrition, may affect secondary metabolite production and thus the nutritional value of food/medicinal plants. We studied the impact of nitrogen (N) nutrition (nitrate/NO3(-) or ammonium/NH4(+) nitrogen) and subsequent nitrogen deficit on phenolic metabolites and physiology in Matricaria chamomilla plants. NH4(+)-fed plants revealed a strong induction of selected phenolic metabolites but, at the same time, growth, Fv/Fm, tissue water content and soluble protein depletion occurred in comparison with NO3(-)-fed ones. On the other hand, NO3(-)-deficient plants also revealed an increase in phenolic metabolites but growth depression was not observed after the given exposure period. Free amino acids were more accumulated in NH4(+)-fed shoots (strong increase in arginine and proline mainly), while the pattern of roots' accumulation was independent of N form. Among phenolic acids, NH4(+) strongly elevated mainly the accumulation of chlorogenic acid. Within flavonoids, flavonols decreased while flavones strongly increased in response to N deficiency. Coumarin-related metabolites revealed a similar increase in herniarin glucosidic precursor in response to N deficiency, while herniarin was more accumulated in NO3(-)- and umbelliferone in NH4(+)-cultured plants. These data indicate a negative impact of NH4(+) as the only source of N on physiology, but also a higher stimulation of some valuable phenols. Nitrogen-induced changes in comparison with other food/crop plants are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Giorgi A, Panseri S, Mattara MS, Andreis C, Chiesa LM. Secondary metabolites and antioxidant capacities of Waldheimia glabra (Decne.) Regel from Nepal. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:1026-34. [PMID: 22903742 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenolic content, volatile compound fingerprint and antioxidant capacity of Waldheimia glabra (Decne.) Regel (Asteraceae), a wild plant from the Himalayan mountains used in Sherpa religious rituals and in traditional medicine, were determined for the first time to investigate its suitability as a source of natural antioxidants. RESULTS The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of dried and powdered plants from two different altitudes (5000 and 5200 m above sea level) in Khumbu Valley, Nepal were estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical methods respectively. The volatile organic compound (VOC) fingerprints from leafing plants (in vivo and in situ VOC sampling) and from dried plant samples were evaluated by headspace solid phase microextraction. The results indicated that W. glabra was a good source of phenolics with antioxidant properties. A correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity was found (r² = 0.9111). Seychellene, a volatile compound that characterises patchouli oil, was detected for the first time in a species of the Asteraceae family. CONCLUSION Waldheimia glabra was proved to be a good source of antioxidants, partially supporting its traditional uses. Further studies aimed at deepening knowledge on W. glabra bioactivity and its possible uses will be of interest, considering the lack of proper scientific awareness regarding these aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sytar O, Brestic M, Rai M. Possible ways of fagopyrin biosynthesis and production in buckwheat plants. Fitoterapia 2012; 84:72-9. [PMID: 23103298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work extends knowledge about possible biosynthesis of fagopyrin in buckwheat plants by providing possible candidate genes for its biosynthesis and the role of type III polyketide synthases (PKSs). Moreover, new information is presented about the possible connection between naphthodianthrones and phenolic biosynthesis. Possible regulation of fagopyrin biosynthesis and production under different growth conditions is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kováčik J, Klejdus B. Tissue and method specificities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase assay. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1317-1320. [PMID: 22677451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have estimated phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity because it strongly reacts to various stimuli. Activity of this enzyme has been assayed mainly by means of spectrophotometry, but the precision of this method is poorly known. We compared assays of PAL activity using spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in two species (Matricaria chamomilla and Arabidopsis thaliana). Additionally, copper-exposed M. chamomilla plants and buffer with additive were also tested. Our data indicate that spectrophotometry both overestimates (leaves of M. chamomilla) and underestimates (leaves and roots of A. thaliana) PAL activity in comparison with HPLC, suggesting interference of UV-absorbing metabolites. HPLC also showed more accurate detection of cinnamic acid in Cu-exposed chamomile roots. Addition of dithiothreitol to the extraction buffer enhanced PAL activity but reduced proteins, indicating an artificial negative effect. A comparison of PAL activity in selected species is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rubio-Wilhelmi MDM, Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Leyva R, Blasco B, Romero L, Blumwald E, Ruiz JM. Response of carbon and nitrogen-rich metabolites to nitrogen deficiency in PSARK::IPT tobacco plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 57:231-7. [PMID: 22738868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Wild type (WT) and transgenic tobacco plants expressing isopentenyltransferase (IPT), a gene coding the rate-limiting step in cytokinin (CKs) synthesis, were grown under limited nitrogen (N) conditions. Here, we analyse the possible effect of N deficiency on C-rich compounds such as phenolic compounds, as well as on N-rich compounds such as polyamines (PAs) and proline (Pro), examining the pathways involved in their synthesis and degradation. N deficiency was found to stimulate phenolic metabolism and increase these compounds both in P(SARK):IPT as well as in WT tobacco plants. This suggests that nitrate (NO(3)(-)) tissue concentration may act as a signal triggering phenolic compound accumulation in N deficiency plants. In addition, we found the maintenance of PAs in the WT plants would be correlated with the higher stress response to N deficiency. On the contrary, the reduction of free PAs and Pro found in the P(SARK)::IPT plants subjected to N deficiency would indicate the operation of an N-recycling mechanism that could stimulate a more efficient N utilization in P(SARK)::IPT plants.
Collapse
|
43
|
Sun P, Mantri N, Lou H, Hu Y, Sun D, Zhu Y, Dong T, Lu H. Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on yield and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) at two levels of nitrogen application. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41000. [PMID: 22911728 PMCID: PMC3404062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated if elevated CO(2) could alleviate the negative effect of high temperature on fruit yield of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka) at different levels of nitrogen and also tested the combined effects of CO(2), temperature and nitrogen on fruit quality of plants cultivated in controlled growth chambers. Results show that elevated CO(2) and high temperature caused a further 12% and 35% decrease in fruit yield at low and high nitrogen, respectively. The fewer inflorescences and smaller umbel size during flower induction caused the reduction of fruit yield at elevated CO(2) and high temperature. Interestingly, nitrogen application has no beneficial effect on fruit yield, and this may be because of decreased sucrose export to the shoot apical meristem at floral transition. Moreover, elevated CO(2) increased the levels of dry matter-content, fructose, glucose, total sugar and sweetness index per dry matter, but decreased fruit nitrogen content, total antioxidant capacity and all antioxidant compounds per dry matter in strawberry fruit. The reduction of fruit nitrogen content and antioxidant activity was mainly caused by the dilution effect of accumulated non-structural carbohydrates sourced from the increased net photosynthetic rate at elevated CO(2). Thus, the quality of strawberry fruit would increase because of the increased sweetness and the similar amount of fruit nitrogen content, antioxidant activity per fresh matter at elevated CO(2). Overall, we found that elevated CO(2) improved the production of strawberry (including yield and quality) at low temperature, but decreased it at high temperature. The dramatic fluctuation in strawberry yield between low and high temperature at elevated CO(2) implies that more attention should be paid to the process of flower induction under climate change, especially in fruits that require winter chilling for reproductive growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Applied Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heqiang Lou
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ya Hu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Dan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yueqing Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Tingting Dong
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongfei Lu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kováčik J, Klejdus B, Hedbavny J, Stork F, Grúz J. Modulation of copper uptake and toxicity by abiotic stresses in Matricaria chamomilla plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6755-6763. [PMID: 22703521 DOI: 10.1021/jf3013426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of salinity (S) or nitrogen deficiency (-N) on copper (Cu) uptake and changes to metabolism were studied in the combined treatments after 7 days of exposure. S suppressed growth, water content, soluble proteins, and reducing sugars more negatively than -N. ROS (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide) were differentially but relatively slightly affected while peroxidase activities were strongly elevated mainly in Cu+NaCl variant. Total soluble phenols and individual phenolic acids (free and cell wall-bound fraction) were accumulated the most in Cu-N while, among free amino acids, proline sharply increased in Cu+NaCl; this suggests a compensatory mechanism between the syntheses of antioxidants aimed to maintain antioxidative protection because numerous root phenolic acids were even depressed by S. Salinity also suppressed accumulation of coumarin herniarin, but its glucosidic precursors ((Z)- and (E)-2-ß-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acids) increased. Activities of selected phenolic enzymes were rather suppressed by S after a given exposure period while lignin content increased, suggesting different time dynamics if S and -N variants are compared. Selected mineral nutrients (K, Fe, and partially Mg) were more reduced by S than by -N. Shoot and root Cu amounts were depressed by -N but elevated by S. Significance and possible role of observed metabolic changes in relation to Cu accumulation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rebey IB, Zakhama N, Karoui IJ, Marzouk B. Polyphenol Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) Seed Extract Under Drought. J Food Sci 2012; 77:C734-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
46
|
Lim JH, Park KJ, Kim BK, Jeong JW, Kim HJ. Effect of salinity stress on phenolic compounds and carotenoids in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) sprout. Food Chem 2012; 135:1065-70. [PMID: 22953825 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of salinity stress on the nutritional quality of buckwheat sprouts cultivated for 1, 3, 5, and 7d was investigated by analysis of the antioxidant activity and levels of phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Treatment with various concentrations of NaCl (10, 50, 100, and 200mM) resulted in an increase in the amount of phenolic compounds and carotenoids in the sprouts compared with the control (0mM). The phenolic contents of sprouts treated with 10, 50, and 100mM after 7d of cultivation were 57%, 121%, and 153%, respectively, higher than that of the control (0mM NaCl). Moreover, the accumulation of phenolic compounds was primarily caused by an increase in the levels of 4 compounds: isoorientin, orientin, rutin, and vitexin. The carotenoid content of sprouts treated with 50 and 100mM NaCl was twice higher than that of the control. In addition, the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of the sprouts was increased by NaCl treatment. Although the growth rate of sprouts decreased with >50mM NaCl, these results suggest that treatment of an appropriate concentration of NaCl improves the nutritional quality of sprouts, including the level of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ho Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bumgarner NR, Scheerens JC, Mullen RW, Bennett MA, Ling PP, Kleinhenz MD. Root-zone temperature and nitrogen affect the yield and secondary metabolite concentration of fall- and spring-grown, high-density leaf lettuce. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:116-24. [PMID: 21842529 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the effects of temperature and nitrogen levels on key variables, particularly under field conditions during cool seasons of temperate climates, is important. Here, we document the impact of root-zone heating and nitrogen (N) fertility on the accumulation and composition of fall- and spring-grown lettuce biomass. A novel, scalable field system was employed. RESULTS Direct-seeded plots containing a uniform, semi-solid, and nearly stable rooting medium were established outdoors in 2009 and 2010; each contained one of eight combinations of root-zone heating (-/+) and N fertility (0, 72, 144, and 576 mg day(-1)). Root-zone heating increased but withholding N decreased biomass accumulation in both years. Low N supplies were also associated with greater anthocyanin and total antioxidant power but lower N and phosphorus levels. Tissue chlorophyll a and vitamin C levels tracked root-zone temperature and N fertility more closely in 2009 and 2010, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Experimentally imposed root-zone temperature and N levels influenced the amount and properties of fall- and spring-grown lettuce tissue. Ambient conditions, however, dictated which of these factors exerted the greatest effect on the variables measured. Collectively, the results point to the potential for gains in system sustainability and productivity, including with respect to supplying human nutritional units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Bumgarner
- The Ohio State University-OARDC, Horticulture and Crop Science, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Achillea millefolium L. s.l. herb extract: Antioxidant activity and effect on the rat heart mitochondrial functions. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
49
|
Kovácik J, Klejdus B, Stork F, Hedbavny J. Nitrate deficiency reduces cadmium and nickel accumulation in chamomile plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:5139-49. [PMID: 21491911 DOI: 10.1021/jf104793b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nitrogen (nitrate) deficiency (-N) on the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) in chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla ) plants was studied. Elimination of N from the culture medium led to decreases in N-based compounds (free amino acids and soluble proteins) and increases in C-based compounds (reducing sugars, soluble phenols, coumarins, phenolic acids, and partially flavonoids and lignin), being considerably affected by the metal presence. Proline, a known stress-protective amino acid, decreased in all -N variants. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was stimulated only in -N control plants, whereas the activities of polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase were never reduced in -N variants in comparison with respective +N counterparts. Among detected phenolic acids, chlorogenic acid strongly accumulated in all N-deficient variants in the free fraction and caffeic acid in the cell wall-bound fraction. Mineral nutrients were rather affected by a given metal than by N deficiency. Shoot and total root Cd and Ni amounts decreased in -N variants. On the contrary, ammonium-fed plants exposed to N deficiency did not show similar changes in Cd and Ni contents. The present findings are discussed with respect to the role of phenols and mineral nutrition in metal uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kovácik
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P J Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bettaieb I, Knioua S, Hamrouni I, Limam F, Marzouk B. Water-deficit impact on fatty acid and essential oil composition and antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) aerial parts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:328-34. [PMID: 21141890 DOI: 10.1021/jf1037618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study is designed to examine the effect of water deficit on growth, fatty acid and essential oil composition, and antioxidant activities of Cuminum cyminum aerial part extracts. Plants were treated with different levels of water deficit: control (C), moderate water deficit (MWD), and severe water deficit (SWD). Plant growth (height, fresh and dry matter weights) as well as yield components were significantly increased under moderate water deficit and conversely reduced at severe level. Total fatty acid content decreased significantly with severity of constraint. Drought reduced considerably the proportions of major fatty acids and the unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio. The essential oil yield was 0.14% (based on the dry weight); it increased by 2.21-fold at MWD but decreased by 42.8% under SWD in comparison to the control. Drought results in the modification of the essential oil chemotype from 1-phenyl-1-butanol to 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol. Antioxidant activities of the acetone extracts were determined by two complementary test systems, namely, DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid. The highest activity was exhibited by moderately stressed plants and was reduced significantly under SWD. In control plants, the total phenolic amount was 10.23 mg GAE/g DW, which increased by 1.5-fold under MWD and decreased by 42% under SWD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iness Bettaieb
- Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives Centre de Biotechnologies à la Technoplole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|