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Wang S, Xu G, Zou J. Soluble non-starch polysaccharides in fish feed: implications for fish metabolism. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1-22. [PMID: 36219350 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Because of their unique glycosidic bond structure, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) are difficult for the stomach to break down. NSP can be classified as insoluble NSP (iNSP, fiber, lignin, etc.) and soluble NSP (sNSP, oligosaccharides, β-glucan, pectin, fermentable fiber, inulin, plant-derived polysaccharides, etc.). sNSP is viscous, fermentable, and soluble. Gut microbiota may catabolize sNSP, which can then control fish lipid, glucose, and protein metabolism and impact development rates. This review examined the most recent studies on the impacts of various forms of sNSP on the nutritional metabolism of various fish in order to comprehend the effects of sNSP on fish. According to certain investigations, sNSP can enhance fish development, boost the activity of digestive enzymes, reduce blood sugar and cholesterol, enhance the colonization of good gut flora, and modify fish nutrition metabolism. In-depth research on the mechanism of action is also lacking in most studies on the effects of sNSP on fish metabolism. It is necessary to have a deeper comprehension of the underlying processes by which sNSP induce host metabolism. This is crucial to address the main issue of the sensible use of carbohydrates in fish feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodan Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region On Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guohuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region On Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Panteli N, Feidantsis K, Demertzioglou M, Paralika V, Karapanagiotis S, Mylonas CC, Kormas KA, Mente E, Makridis P, Antonopoulou E. The Probiotic Phaeobacter inhibens Provokes Hypertrophic Growth via Activation of the IGF-1/Akt Pathway during the Process of Metamorphosis of Greater Amberjack ( Seriola dumerili, Risso 1810). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2154. [PMID: 37443952 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metamorphosis entails hormonally regulated morphological and physiological changes requiring high energy levels. Probiotics as feed supplements generate ameliorative effects on host nutrient digestion and absorption. Thereby, the aim of the present research was to investigate the impact of the probiotic Phaeobacter inhibens as a water additive on cellular signaling pathways in the metamorphosis of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). Activation of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R), protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps), and programmed cell death were assessed through SDS-Page/immunoblot analysis, while energy metabolism was determined through enzymatic activities. According to the results, greater amberjack reared in P. inhibens-enriched water entered the metamorphic phase with greater body length, while protein synthesis was triggered to facilitate the hypertrophic growth as indicated by IGF-1/Akt activation and AMPK inhibition. Contrarily, MAPKs levels were reduced, whereas variations in Hsps response were evident in the probiotic treatment. Apoptosis and autophagy were mobilized potentially for the structural remodeling processes. Furthermore, the elevated enzymatic activities of intermediary metabolism highlighted the excess energy demands of metamorphosis. Collectively, the present findings demonstrate that P. inhibens may reinforce nutrient utilization, thus leading greater amberjack to an advanced growth and developmental state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Panteli
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Patras, 26504 Mesolonghi, Greece
| | - Maria Demertzioglou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Paralika
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Achaias, Greece
| | | | - Constantinos C Mylonas
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ar Kormas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
- Agricultural Development Institute, University Research and Innovation Centre "IASON", Argonafton & Filellinon, 38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Eleni Mente
- Laboratory of Ichthyology-Culture and Pathology of Aquatic Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pavlos Makridis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Salih AHM, Patra I, Sivaraman R, Alhamzawi R, Khalikov KM, Al-qaim ZH, Golgouneh S, Jawad MA, Adhab AH, Vázquez-Cárdenas AL, Abarghouei S. The Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei Subsp. Sakei and Hawthorn Extract Supplements Improved Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Resistance to the Pesticide Acetamiprid in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:8506738. [PMID: 36922956 PMCID: PMC10010885 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8506738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impacts of the probiotic, Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei), and the extract of hawthorn, Crataegus elbursensis, on growth and immunity of the common carp exposed to acetamiprid. Fish (mean ± SE: 11.48 ± 0.1 g) feeding was done with formulated diets (T 1 (control): no supplementation, T 2: 1 × 106 CFU/g LS (Lactobacillus sakei), T3: 1 × 108 CFU/g LS, T 4: 0.5% hawthorn extract (HWE), and T 5: 1% HWE) for 60 days and then exposed to acetamiprid for 14 days. The growth performance improved in the fish fed LS at dietary level of 1 × 108 CFU/g, even after exposure to acetamiprid (P < 0.05). Intestinal Lactobacillus sakei (CFU/g) load increased (P < 0.05), following supplementation with the probiotic-enriched diet. The LS-treated fish had increases in the activity of digestive enzymes (P < 0.05). Both LS and HWE stimulated antioxidant enzymes and immune system components in serum and mucus (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), protease, total Ig, and lysozyme) (P < 0.05). However, the changes were different depending on the kind of the supplement. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in HWE-treated fish after acetamiprid exposure (P < 0.05). Both LS and HWE reduced the liver metabolic enzymes (LDH, ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH) in serum both before and after exposure to the pesticide (P < 0.05). However, each enzyme exhibited a different change trend depending on the type of the supplement. HWE showed a stress-ameliorating effect, as glucose and cortisol levels declined in the HWE-treated fish (P < 0.05). This study indicated the immunomodulatory impacts of LS (1 × 108 CFU/g) and HWE (at dietary levels of 0.5-1%). The probiotic showed more performance compared to HWE. However, the HWE mitigated oxidative stress more efficiently than the probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramaswamy Sivaraman
- Institution of Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rahim Alhamzawi
- College of Administration and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Kakhor M. Khalikov
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Sahar Golgouneh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Hussein Adhab
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Safoura Abarghouei
- Baharavaran Nastaran Agricultural Applied Scientific Training Center, Applied Scientific University, Qom, Iran
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Li Q, Li N, Cai W, Xiao M, Liu B, Zeng F. Fermented natural product targeting gut microbiota regulate immunity and anti-inflammatory activity: A possible way to prevent COVID-19 in daily diet. J Funct Foods 2022; 97:105229. [PMID: 36034155 PMCID: PMC9393180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low immune function makes the body vulnerable to being invaded by external bacteria or viruses, causing influenza and inflammation of various organs, and this trend is shifting to the young and middle-aged group. It has been pointed out that natural products fermented by probiotic have benign changes about their active ingredients in some studies, and it have shown strong nutritional value in anti-oxidation, anti-aging, regulating lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory and improving immunity. In recent years, the gut microbiota plays a key role and has been extensively studied in improving immunity and anti-inflammation activity. By linking the relationship between natural products fermented by probiotic, gut microbiota, immunity, and inflammation, this review presents the modulating effects of probiotics and their fermented natural products on the body, including immunity-enhancing and anti-inflammatory activities by modulating gut microbiota, and it is discussed that the current understanding of its molecular mechanisms. It may become a possible way to prevent COVID-19 through consuming natural products fermented by probiotic in our daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancen Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meifang Xiao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Lei XY, Zhang DM, Wang QJ, Wang GQ, Li YH, Zhang YR, Yu MN, Yao Q, Chen YK, Guo ZX. Dietary supplementation of two indigenous Bacillus spp on the intestinal morphology, intestinal immune barrier and intestinal microbial diversity of Rhynchocypris lagowskii. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1315-1332. [PMID: 36103020 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dietary administration of two indigenous Bacillus (A: basal control diet; B: 0.15 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis; C: 0.1 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis and 0.05 g/kg of Bacillus licheniformis; D: 0.05 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis and 0.1 g/kg of Bacillus licheniformis; E: 0.15 g/kg of Bacillus licheniformis) on the digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology, intestinal immune and barrier-related genes relative expression levels, and intestinal flora of Rhynchocypris lagowskii. The results showed that the fold height, lamina propria width, and muscle layer thickness of midgut and hindgut in group C were significantly higher than that of group A (P < 0.05). The activities of protease, amylase, and lipase in group C were significantly higher than those of group A (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of IL-1β and IL-8 in the intestine of group C were significantly downregulated, and the relative expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of Claudin-2 in group A significantly increased and the relative expression levels of Claudin-4 in group A significantly reduced compared with other groups (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of ZO-1 in groups C and D were significantly higher than those of other groups (P < 0.05). The Bacillus in the intestine of group C has the highest relative abundance among all groups. Overall, it can generally be concluded that dietary supplementation of indigenous Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis (group C) can improve the intestinal morphology, digestion, and absorption enzyme activities, enhance intestinal mucosal immunity and barrier function, and maintain the intestinal microbial balance of R. lagowskii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Gui-Qin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yue-Hong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yu-Rou Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Men-Nan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qi Yao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yu-Ke Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Zhi-Xin Guo
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134001, Jilin, China.
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6
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Ehsannia S, Ahari H, Kakoolaki S, Anvar SA, Yousefi S. Effects of probiotics on Zebrafish model infected with Aeromonas hydrophila: spatial distribution, antimicrobial, and histopathological investigation. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:167. [PMID: 35761217 PMCID: PMC9235220 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Usage of “probiotics” for treatment of food-borne pathogens associated diseases, makes a significant reduction in transmission of resistant bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance genes from aquaculture environments to humans. In this research, the authors aim to evaluate the immunomodulatory, and histological effects of two probiotic strains on the Zebrafish model. Fish models were treated with Lactobacillus delbrueckii (G2), Lactobacillus acidophilus (G3) and both probiotics (G4) and compared with the control group (G1) (only infected by pathogen and receiving no probiotic). Biometric tests, height, weight, and mortality rate of the fishes were assessed. Afterward, RT-PCR was conducted for bacterial existence of probiotic strains, and quantitative assessment of alterations in targeted immune genes. Subsequently, histological sampling was done for investigation of spatial distribution, and villus length in proximal, middle, and distal sections of intestinal tissues. Based on the results, G4 showed the highest gene expression for Lactobacillus acidophilus after 28 days (P < 0.05). G4 also showed an increase in the number of goblet cells and villus length in the middle and distal sections of intestinal tissue after 56 days. Furthermore, after 56 days, the highest number of intraepithelial cells was observed in the proximal sections of intestinal tissue in G4. G2 and G3 showed significant differences in comparison with G1 (P < 0.05). After 60 days, the highest gene expression for Lactobacillus bulgaricus was found in group treated with only this probiotic bacteria. The highest expression level of IL-1β and TNF-α were found in G1. The highest survival rate was in the case of groups only treated with Lactobacillus bulgaricus (G2). To sum up, it seems that usage of probiotics for the improvement of public health and fisheries industries can be helpful.
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Hoseini SM, Rajabiesterabadi H, Abbasi M, Khosraviani K, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Modulation of humoral immunological and antioxidant responses and gut bacterial community and gene expression in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, by dietary lactic acid supplementation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:26-34. [PMID: 35500875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to find the effects of dietary lactic acid (LA) supplementation on growth performance, hematological characteristics, humoral antioxidant and immunological factors, intestinal gene expression and bacteriological parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish (104 ± 0.90 g) were randomly distributed in twelve tanks (150 L water) as four treatments, receiving diets supplemented with 0, 5, 10, and 20 g/kg LA for 70 days. At the end of the feeding trial, no significant differences were observed in the fish growth performance and survival among the treatments. Blood/plasma red blood cell (5-20 g/kg LA), white blood cell (10 g/kg LA), hematocrit (5 and 10 g/kg LA), hemoglobin (5 and 10 g/kg LA), superoxide dismutase (10 g/kg LA), glutathione peroxidase (10 g/kg LA), total antioxidant capacity (10 g/kg LA), lysozyme (5-20 g/kg LA), and alternative complement activity (10 g/kg LA) significantly increased, as malondialdehyde (10 g/kg LA) significantly decreased in the LA-treated fish. Dietary LA supplementation induced no significant changes in the intestinal defensin gene expression, but significantly up-regulated the expression of toll-like receptor-3 (5-20 g/kg LA), Mx-9 (5-20 g/kg LA), and heat shock protein-70 (5 g/kg LA) genes; the highest expressions were observed at 5 g/kg LA supplementation. Dietary LA supplementation significantly increased total bacterial count (5 and 10 g/kg LA), Lactobacillus sp. (5-20 g/kg LA), and Bacteroides sp. (5-20 g/kg LA), but decreased Streptococcus iniae (5-20 g/kg LA) in the fish intestine; the highest Lactobacillus sp. And Bacteroides sp. Were observed in 10 and 5 g/kg LA supplementation, respectively. Overall, dietary LA supplementation, although has no significant effects on the fish growth performance, is beneficial to improve humoral antioxidant parameters, humoral and intestinal immunological parameters and intestinal microflora. According to the results, dietary 5-10 g/kg LA is recommended for the formulation of rainbow trout feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Rajabiesterabadi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Golestan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Abbasi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Chen X, Sun C, Dong J, Li W, Tian Y, Hu J, Ye X. Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Mandarin Fish ( Siniperca chuatsi) Feeding on Compound Diets and Live Baits. Front Genet 2022; 13:797420. [PMID: 35664316 PMCID: PMC9158118 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.797420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Siniperca chuatsi feeds on live fry throughout their life. The sustainable development of its farming industry has urgently necessitated the development of artificial diets to substitute live baits. It has been demonstrated that gut microbiota assists in feed adaptation and improves the feed conversion rate in fish. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the potential role of intestinal microorganisms in the domestication of S. chuatsi with a compound diet. Accordingly, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbial communities in S. chuatsi groups that were fed a compound diet (including large and small individuals) and live baits. A total of 2,471 OTUs were identified, and the large individual group possessed the highest number of unique OTUs. The α-diversity index of the gut microbiota in groups that were fed a compound diet was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the live bait group. There were no significant differences in the α-diversity between the large and small individual groups. However, relatively higher numbers of Lactococcus, Klebsiella, and Woeseia were observed in the intestines of the large individual group. Prediction of the metabolic function of the microbiota among these three fish groups by Tax4Fun revealed that most metabolic pathways, such as glycan metabolism and amino acid metabolism, were typically more enriched for the larger individuals. The results indicated that certain taxa mentioned above exist in large individuals and may be closely related to the digestion and absorption of compound diets. The present study provides a basis for understanding the utilization mechanism of artificial feed by S. chuatsi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Relationships between the Gut Microbiota of Juvenile Black Sea Bream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii) and Associated Environment Compartments in Different Habitats. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122557. [PMID: 34946158 PMCID: PMC8705249 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fish-gut microbiota play a key role in the physiology, development, and fitness of its host. An understanding of fish-gut microbial communities and the factors influencing community composition is crucial for improving fish performance. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota of juvenile black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii among habitats: (1) wild, (2) offshore cage-culture, and (3) pond-culture. We also explored the relationships between the gut microbiota and host-associated environmental factors. Gut samples and associated environmental compartments were investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results revealed significant habitat-specific differences among the gut microbiota of juvenile A. schlegelii. Wild populations of juvenile A. schlegelii had more diverse gut microbiota than populations cultured in pond habitats due to their omnivorous feeding habits and the corresponding abundance of natural food resources. Significant variations in the composition, core taxa, and diversity of the microbiota were also found between the gut and the environmental compartments. However, no significant differences were observed among the microbiota of the environmental compartments in the relatively isolated pond habitat. Source tracking analysis recovered connections between the fish-gut microbiota and the diet, water and sediment environmental compartments. This connection was especially strong between the microbiota of the fish gut and that of the diet in the pond habitat: the diet microbiota accounted for 33.48 ± 0.21% of the gut microbiota. Results suggested that all A. schlegelii shared a core gut microbiota, regardless of differences in diet and habitat. However, environmental factors associated with both diet and habitat contributed to the significant differences between the gut microbiota of fish living in different habitats. To the authors' knowledge, this study presents the first comparison of gut microbiota among juvenile A. schlegelii with different diets and habitats. These findings enrich our understanding of the gut microbiota of A. schlegelii and help to clarify the interaction between gut microbiota and environmental factors. Our results may also help to guide and improve fish ecological fitness via the regulation of gut microbiota, thereby increasing the efficacy of stock enhancement programs for this species.
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10
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Liu C, Zhao LP, Shen YQ. A systematic review of advances in intestinal microflora of fish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:2041-2053. [PMID: 34750711 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal flora is closely related to the health of organisms and the occurrence and development of diseases. The study of intestinal flora will provide a reference for the research and treatment of disease pathogenesis. Upon hatching, fish begin to acquire a microbial community in the intestine. In response to the environment and the host itself, the fish gut eventually develops a unique set of microflora, with some microorganisms being common to different fish. The existence of intestinal microorganisms creates an excellent microecological environment for the host, while the fish symbiotically provides conditions for the growth and reproduction of intestinal microflora. The intestinal flora and the host are interdependent and mutually restrictive. This review mainly describes the formation of fish intestinal flora, the function of normal intestinal flora, factors affecting intestinal flora, and a series of fish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Wuxi Medical School of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhao
- Wuxi Medical School of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan-Qin Shen
- Wuxi Medical School of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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11
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Zakariaee H, Sudagar M, Hosseini SS, Paknejad H, Baruah K. In vitro Selection of Synbiotics and in vivo Investigation of Growth Indices, Reproduction Performance, Survival, and Ovarian Cyp19α Gene Expression in Zebrafish Danio rerio. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:758758. [PMID: 34671338 PMCID: PMC8521104 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.758758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the compatibility of two extracts from the plant Jerusalem artichokes and button mushrooms with two different Lactobacillus probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus; La and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus; Lb) to develop a synbiotic formulation to improve the growth, survival, and reproductive performances of farmed fishes. Initially, we employed in vitro approach to monitor the growth of the probiotic lactobacilli in the presence of the different doses of the plant-based prebiotics, with the aim of selecting interesting combination(s) for further verification under in vivo conditions using zebrafish as a model. Results from the in vitro screening assay in the broth showed that both the probiotic species showed a preference for 50% mushroom extract as a source of prebiotic. A synbiotic formulation, developed with the selected combination of L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, and 50% mushroom extract, showed a positive influence on the growth and reproductive performances of the zebrafish. Our findings also imply that the improvement in the reproductive indices was associated with the upregulation of a cyp19a gene. Overall results suggest that a combination of L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, and mushroom extract can be considered as a potential synbiotic for the successful production of aquaculture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Zakariaee
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sudagar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyede Sedighe Hosseini
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamed Paknejad
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Aquaculture Nutraceuticals Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Shahzad MM, Butt W, Hussain Z, Rehman RA, Khan MKA, Hussain M, Noureen A, Bashir S, Tariq M, Rafique MT, Khalid F, Rashid H, Akhtar K, Tahir L. Use of multi-strain probiotics in linseed meal based diet for Labeo rohita fingerlings. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246727. [PMID: 34468521 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unavailability of probiotics in fish digestive system fingerlings is unable to digest and absorb their food properly. The current research was conducted to investigate the influence of probiotics added Linseed meal based (LMB) diet on hematology and carcass composition of Labeo rohita juveniles. Hematological parameters are essential diagnostics used to estimate the health status of fish. The usage of probiotics for fish health improvement is becoming common due to the higher demand for environment-friendly culture system in water. Linseed meal was used as a test ingredient to prepare six experimental test diets by adding probiotics (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/kg) and 1% indigestible chromic oxide for seventy days. According to their live wet weight, five percent feed was given to fingerlings twice a day. Fish blood and carcass samples (Whole body) were taken for hematological and carcass analysis at the end of the experiment. The highest carcass composition (crude protein; 18.72%, crude fat; 8.80% and gross energy; 2.31 kcal/g) was observed in fish fed with test diet II supplemented with probiotics (2 g/kg). Moreover, maximum RBCs number (2.62× 106mm-3), WBCs (7.84×103mm-3), PCV (24.61), platelets (63.85) and hemoglobin (7.87) had also been reported in the fish fingerlings fed on 2 g/kg of probiotics supplemented diet. Results indicated that probiotics supplementation has a critical role in improvement of fingerlings' body composition and hematological indices. Present findings showed that probiotics supplementation at 2 g/kg level in linseed by-product-based diet was very useful for enhancing the overall performance of L. rohita fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Shahzad
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - W Butt
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Z Hussain
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - R A Rehman
- University of Health Sciences Lahore, Department of Forensic Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M K A Khan
- University of Okara, Department of Zoology, Okara, Pakistan
| | - M Hussain
- University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Noureen
- University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Bashir
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Tariq
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M T Rafique
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F Khalid
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H Rashid
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - K Akhtar
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - L Tahir
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
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13
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Assan D, Kuebutornye FKA, Hlordzi V, Chen H, Mraz J, Mustapha UF, Abarike ED. Effects of probiotics on digestive enzymes of fish (finfish and shellfish); status and prospects: a mini review. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110653. [PMID: 34343669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Digestive enzymes are found in the digestive tract of animals which assist in the breakdown of larger food molecules into more easily absorbed particles that can then be used by the body. The ability of fish to break down a diet is highly dependent on the availability of suitable digestive enzymes which mediate specific degradation pathways and on both the physical and chemical nature of food. Probiotics are known to produce helpful enzymes that aid in digestion and protect the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of animals. When applied appropriately, probiotics improve intestinal microbial balance which also improves digestive enzyme activities, food absorption, and decrease pathogenic issues in the GIT. They work hand-in-hand with the digestive enzymes in the GIT of animals as supplements thereby improvings nutrition. This in turn leads to higher feed efficiency and growth as well as the prevention of antinutritional factors present in the ingredients, intestinal disorders, and pre-digestion. This review seeks to present summaries of the results of research findings on the application of probiotics on the activities of digestive enzymes including amylase, lipase, and protease. Further, this review points out gaps in available literature and suggests ideas that could be explored in further investigations to better understand and enhance the activities of these digestive enzymes to increase feed and nutrient utilization and the production of aquaculture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Assan
- Guangdong Research Centre on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Felix Kofi Agbeko Kuebutornye
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vivian Hlordzi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed. Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Huapu Chen
- Guangdong Research Centre on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Jan Mraz
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Umar Farouk Mustapha
- Guangdong Research Centre on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Emmanuel Delwin Abarike
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
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14
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Hu C, Huang Z, Liu M, Sun B, Tang L, Chen L. Shift in skin microbiota and immune functions of zebrafish after combined exposure to perfluorobutanesulfonate and probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112310. [PMID: 33971395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of fish skin microbiome and immunity by environmental pollutants are rarely studied in toxicological research in spite of their importance for fish health. In the present study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 0 and 10 μg/L of perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) for 40 days, with or without the supplementation of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus, with objectives to explore the interaction between PFBS pollutant and probiotic bacteria on skin mucosal microbiota and immune response. Amplicon sequencing analysis found that PFBS alone significantly disturbed the microbial community composition and abundance on the skin, favoring the growth of stress-tolerant bacteria (e.g., Deinococcus and Enhydrobacter genera). However, the administration of probiotic inhibited the dysbiosis of PFBS and shaped the skin microbiome in the combined exposure group. PFBS single exposure also promoted the production of mucus on the skin of male zebrafish, which may be related to the growth of Limnobacter bacteria. In contrast, probiotic supplements remarkably improved the immune functions in male skin mucus from the combined group, as evidenced by the consistent increases in lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin concentrations and peroxidase activity. Overall, the present study provides the first clue about the singular and combined effects of PFBS and probiotic on skin microbiota and immunity, highlighting the beneficial action of probiotic L. rhamnosus against PFBS stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zileng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizhu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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15
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Ghodrati M, Rajabi Islami H, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Shenavar Masouleh A, Shamsaie Mehrgan M. Combined effects of enzymes and probiotics on hemato-biochemical parameters and immunological responses of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 112:116-124. [PMID: 33713825 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 10-week feeding trial was run to investigate the separate and simultaneous effects of exogenous enzymes (Enz), probiotics (Pro), and Pro-Enz mixtures on the hematology indices, serum biochemical parameters, and innate-immunity status of juvenile Siberian sturgeon. The fish (138.06 ± 3.64 g) were randomly dispersed into 12 tanks (20 individuals per tank) and fed with Enz (Phytase, protease, and xylanase), Pro (Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactococcus lactis), and Pro-Enz cocktail. At the end of the feeding bioassay, the highest values of red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit level, and lymphocyte percentage followed by the lowest neutrophil percentage were obtained in Pro-Enz treatment (P < 0.05). Despite a significantly lower level of alkaline phosphatase in the fish fed with Pro supplemented diet (P < 0.05), no significant difference was found in the serum level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase among the experimental groups (P > 0.05). Total protein content was significantly upregulated in serum and skin mucus samples from those fed with supplemented diets compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In both serum and skin mucus samples, higher immune responses in terms of lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin M, total protein was seen in Pro-Enz treatment compared to the control group followed by the serum complement components (P < 0.05). The results indicate that the combinational supplementation of Siberian sturgeon diet with the exogenous enzymes and probiotics modulates the physiometabolic responses and innate immune system to a higher grade than their individual supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ghodrati
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houman Rajabi Islami
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Alireza Shenavar Masouleh
- Department of Fish Health and Diseases, International Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Ahmadi S, Ghafouri H, Tarazi S, Sarikhan S, Kh OS. Cloning, purification and biochemical characterization of two glutathione S-transferase isoforms from Rutilus frisii kutum. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 179:105800. [PMID: 33248224 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases are an important multifunctional family of intracellular enzymes that their detoxification function has been reported in fishes since 1970, but no studies have been conducted on Rutilus frisii kutum GSTs yet. In the present study, RkGSTA and RkGSTM encoding genes were cloned and sequenced and their nucleotide sequences were submitted to NCBI GenBank. In order to reduce the expression challenges of recombinant proteins including low solubility, low yield and insufficient purity issues in E. coli, the pKJE7 chaperone plasmid was used to increase the recovery of expressed proteins in the soluble fractions. Best expression clone was selected for purification by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The three-dimensional structural models were constructed by I-TASSER. The optimum temperature of purified RkGSTA and RkGSTM was 35 and 30 °C, with optimum activity at pH 9.0 and 8.5, respectively. The thermostability and pH stability results indicated that RkGSTA is more heat-tolerant than RkGSTM though both of them retained more than 80% of their activities at pH 6.5 to 9.0. Overall, this study represents a comprehensive perspective on the structural and biochemical aspects of this enzyme that would be even used in further researches such as drug design studies in order to eliminate toxicant compounds from the body and environment of fishes to protect them against undesired harmful damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafouri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Department of Marine Sciences, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Sara Tarazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sajjad Sarikhan
- Molecular Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Saberi Kh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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17
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Hoseinifar SH, Jahazi MA, Mohseni R, Raeisi M, Bayani M, Mazandarani M, Yousefi M, Van Doan H, Torfi Mozanzadeh M. Effects of dietary fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) leaves powder on serum and mucus antioxidant defence, immunological responses, antimicrobial activity and growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:959-966. [PMID: 32890760 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 56-day research was performed to examine the influence of graded levels (0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 2%) of Fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) leaves powder (FLP) in diet on immune competence and growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, initial weight = 20 g). The serum total immunoglobulins content and lysozyme activity in the 1 and 2% FLP groups remarkably increased compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The skin mucosal lysozyme activity enhanced with increasing dietary FLP level in a dose-response manner. Fish fed on the FLP-supplemented diets had higher skin-mucosal superoxide dismutase activity than the control (P < 0.05). However, serum antioxidant enzymes were not affected by dietary fern (P > 0.05). The serum bactericidal activity against human and fish pathogens increased with enhancing the FLP level in diet against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (EHEC ATCC 43895), Escherichia coli (CI), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Aeromonas hydrophila. The serum antibacterial activity against Yersinia ruckeri in the 2% FLP group was higher than the other treatments. Furthermore, the serum bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) only observed in fish fed on the 1 and 2% FLP-supplemented diets. The skin mucosal bactericidal activity and inhibitory effects increased with enhancing the FLP level in diet against E. coli, K. pneumonia, Y. ruckeri and A. hydrophila in a dose response manner. Moreover, the skin mucosal bactericidal activity against S. aureus only observed in fish fed on 1 and 2% FLP-supplemented diets. The weight gain values in the 1 and 2% FLP groups were higher than the other treatments (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with increasing FLP level in diet in a dose-response manner (P < 0.05). By considering serum and mucosal bactericidal activities against different pathogenic bacteria, the supplementation of 2% FLP in diet is recommended for C. carpio during grow-out phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amin Jahazi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Roghieh Mohseni
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Raeisi
- Food, Drug and Natural products Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahsan Bayani
- Radin Makian Azma Mehr Ltd., Radinmehr Veterinary Laboratory, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mazandarani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh
- Agriculture Research, Education and Extension, South Iran Aquaculture Research Center, Iran Fisheries Science Research Institution (IFSRI), Ahwaz, Iran
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18
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Naderi-Samani M, Soltani M, Dadar M, Taheri-Mirghaed A, Zargar A, Ahmadivand S, Hassanzadeh R, Goudarzi LM. Oral immunization of trout fry with recombinant Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 expressing G gene of viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:62-70. [PMID: 32645516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study has investigated the ability of Lactococcus lactic (NZ3900) carried G gene of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) under nisin-controlled gene expression (NICE) system in rainbow trout (O.Mykiss). Two groups of trout fry (7 ± 0.65 g) were immunized with 1 × 1010 cfu/g and 1 × 108 cfu/g recombinant L. lactis NZ3900, two groups of fish were fed 1 × 1010 cfu/g and 1 × 108 cfu/g L. lactis vector free, and one group was fed by the basal diet as a control. Oral immunization was done on days 1-7 and boosting was performed on days 15-21. The relative expression of IFN-1 and MX-1 genes significantly increased in head kidney of vaccinated fish depend on vaccine dosage compared to the control group. Fish in vaccinated group also showed elevated VHSV-specific antibody levels compared to the control groups. Relative percent survival (RPS), under virulent isolate VHSV challenge were estimated 62%, 78% for 108 cfu/g 1010 cfu/g feed vaccinated groups 21 days post-vaccination, while groups fed similar doses of L. lactis vector free illustrated 22% and 27% RPSs, respectively. The significant reduction of viral loads (transcript levels of N gene) were detected in the immunized groups. Increased weight gain and decreased feed consumption in vaccinated group attributed to the probiotic effect were also observed. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the ability of recombinant L. lactis as oral vaccine against VHS in rainbow trout, which can be considered as effective method against different fish pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Naderi-Samani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Taheri-Mirghaed
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Zargar
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohrab Ahmadivand
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hassanzadeh
- Iranian Veterinary Organization, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Lin SM, Zhou XM, Zhou YL, Kuang WM, Chen YJ, Luo L, Dai FY. Intestinal morphology, immunity and microbiota response to dietary fibers in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoide. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:135-142. [PMID: 32423866 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at identifying the effects of dietary fiber on gut health, as well as the association between that understanding and fiber consumption in fish. A total of 300 juvenile largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides, initial average weight: 15.38 ± 0.16g) were randomly divided into three treatment groups (4 replicates per group). Fish were fed with isoproteic and isolipidic diets containing 0% (low fiber, LF), 4% (moderate fiber, MF) and 8% (high fiber, HF) soybean fiber, respectively. The intestine and intestinal content of test fish per treatment group after 56 days of treatment were sampled. The results showed that the anterior intestinal sections had normal histological architecture, and no considerable damage or inflammation was observed in any histological section from all subjects examined. Curiously, fish fed the MF diet had better histological alterations than the other treatments. Meanwhile, the intestinal antioxidant capacity in the MF group was significantly promoted when compared to the other groups, as well as up-regulated expression of antioxidant-related genes including sod, cat and gpx with increasing dietary fiber concentrations. Importantly, the administrations of MF diet remarkably elevated largemouth bass innate immune parameters include intestinal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, nitric oxide (NO) and total protein content. Similarly, dietary administrations of fiber down-regulated notablely the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-8, IL-1β and TNFα, whereas up-regulated tolerogenic cytokine IL-10 and TGF-β1 mRNA levels. In addition, dietary fibers also modulated the community structure of the intestinal microbiota by significantly altering bacterial diversity. Dietary supplemental fibers regulated intestinal microbiota in largemouth bass, characterized by a reduced abundance of Fusobacteria along with increased abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Taken together, the present results suggested that moderate fiber supplementation was beneficial to promoting intestinal health status of fish through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which could be at least partially responsible by the modulation of gut microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Xing-Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yue-Lang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Wen-Ming Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Fang-Yin Dai
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402160, PR China
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Kong Y, Gao C, Du X, Zhao J, Li M, Shan X, Wang G. Effects of single or conjoint administration of lactic acid bacteria as potential probiotics on growth, immune response and disease resistance of snakehead fish (Channa argus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:412-421. [PMID: 32387561 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been documented to promoting growth, enhancing immunity and disease resistance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the single or conjoint effects of Lactococcus lactis L19 (Genbank: MT102745.1) and Enterococcus faecalis W24 (Genbank: MT102746.1) isolated from the intestine of Channa argus (C. argus) on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of C. argus. A total of 720 apparently healthy C. argus (9.50 ± 0.03 g) were randomly divided into four equal groups. Fish were fed with a basal diet (CK) supplemented with L. lactis (L19), E. faecalis (W24), and L. lactis L19 + E. faecalis W24 (L + W) at 1.0 × 108 cfu/g basal diet for 56 days. After feeding, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) had significantly increased (p < 0.05), especially with L19. The results indicated that single or conjoint administration of LAB as potential probiotics can induce high levels of IgM, ACP, AKP, LZM, C3 and C4 activity in serum, which may effectively induce humoral immunity, and L19 induce even higher levels. Meanwhile, when compared to CK group, the results of qPCR showed that LAB administration significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, HSP70, HSP90, TGF-β in the spleen, head kidney, gill, liver and intestine of C. argus. After challenge with Aeromonas veronii, the survival rates in all LAB-fed groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the CK group, and the L19 group showed the highest (63.3%) disease resistance. Our data indicated that L. lactis L19 and E. faecalis W24, as a feed additive at 1.0 × 108 cfu/g feed, could promote growth performance, enhance immune response and disease resistance of C. argus, with greatest effects in fish fed L. lactis L19 for 56 days. Hence, these LAB additives could be used as promising probiotics for C. argus. L19 was more effective than W24 or the mixture of the two for promoting growth performance, enhancing immune response and disease resistance of C. argus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Chunshan Gao
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
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Chen X, Xie J, Liu Z, Yin P, Chen M, Liu Y, Tian L, Niu J. Modulation of growth performance, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology, the response to hypoxia stress and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by dietary supplementation of a multi-strain probiotic. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 231:108724. [PMID: 32061958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate a multi-strain probiotic (MP) on growth performance, immune and antioxidant function, response to hypoxia stress and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Based on the viable cell counts of aerobic Bacillus spp., six experimental diets with MP supplemented at 0, 0.34, 1.68, 3.36, 6.72, 10.1 g kg-1 were formulated and 900 juveniles (7.30 ± 0.01 g) were equally distributed into 30 aquaria with respective diet for 60 days. Results showed that fish with 0.34-1.68 g kg-1 MP had better growth and feed utilization. Further, plasma total protein, albumin and high-density lipoprotein were remarkably increased with dietary MP at >1.68 g kg-1. Dietary MP supplementation at 6.72-10.1 g kg-1 strikingly elevated plasma myeloperoxidase activity and complement C3 content. For fish with MP at 1.68 and 6.72-10.1 g kg-1, their liver malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase were remarkably declined and promoted. After hypoxia stress, fish with 3.36-6.72 g kg-1 MP showed significantly higher respiratory burst activity. Challenge test by A. hydrophila confirmed the protection effects of MP through the decreased cumulative mortality rates. For intestinal histomorphology and enzymatic analyses, fish with 1.68 g kg-1 MP displayed significantly higher intestinal villi height, goblet cells and alkaline phosphatase activity. In conclusion, dietary MP supplementation at 1.68 g kg-1 could promote growth, intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity, while enhancing host immunity requires higher dosages of MP. Broken-line analysis of weight gain revealed that 1.34 g kg-1 is the optimum dosage for the growth of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianquan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zhenlu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Peng Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Lixia Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jin Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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22
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Ringø E, Van Doan H, Lee SH, Soltani M, Hoseinifar SH, Harikrishnan R, Song SK. Probiotics, lactic acid bacteria and bacilli: interesting supplementation for aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:116-136. [PMID: 32141152 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics administration in aquafeed is known to increase feed consumption and absorption due to their capacity to release a wide range of digestive enzymes and nutrients which can participate in digestion process and feed utilization, along with the absorption of diet components led to an increase in host's health and well-being. Furthermore, probiotics improve gut maturation, prevention of intestinal disorders, predigestion of antinutrient factors found in the feed ingredients, gut microbiota, disease resistance against pathogens and metabolism. The beneficial immune effects of probiotics are well established in finfish. However, in comparison, similar studies are less abundant in the shellfish. In this review, the discussions will mainly focus on studies reported the last 2 years. In recent studies, native probiotic bacteria were isolated and fed back to their hosts. Although beneficial effects were demonstrated, some studies showed adverse effects when treated with a high concentration. This adverse effect may be due to the imbalance of the gut microbiota caused by the replenished commensal probiotics. Probiotics revealed greatest effect on the shrimp digestive system particularly in the larval and early post-larval stages, and stimulate the production of endogenous enzymes in shrimp and contribute with improved the enzyme activities in the gut, as well as disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - S H Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - M Soltani
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - S H Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - R Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Tamil Nadu, Kanchipuram, India
| | - S K Song
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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Mirghaed AT, Yarahmadi P, Soltani M, Paknejad H, Hoseini SM. Dietary sodium butyrate (Butirex ® C4) supplementation modulates intestinal transcriptomic responses and augments disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:621-628. [PMID: 31260736 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intestine in fish is a complex multifunctional organ, not only plays roles in digestion and absorption of nutrient, but also has critical role in immunity. The present study evaluated the effects of different levels of dietary sodium butyrate [Butirex® C4 (Butirex)] on intestinal immune-,antioxidant-and tight junction-related gene expression injuvenile rainbow trout(Oncorhynchusmykiss). 240 healthy rainbow trout were dispensed in 12 fiberglass tanks appointed to four treatments [0 (control), 1.5 (B1.5), 2.5 (B2.5) and 5 (B5)g Butirex per kg diet]. After a 45-day feeding trial, the fish fed with the Butirex-supplemented diets showed higher intestinal lysozyme (LYZ), complement(ACH50) and bactericidal activities; the elevations in ACH50 and bactericidal activities depended on Butirex levels (P < 0.05). The Butirex-supplemented groups, particularly the B2.5 group, had significantly higher LYZ gene expression compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Butirex at 2.5 and 5 g/kg levels led to significantly higher IL-1β gene expression. B2.5 and B5 had significantly lower and higher TNF-α gene expression compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The B2.5 group had significantly higher TGF-B, and significantly lower IL-8 compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The B1.5 and B2.5 group had significantly higher IL-10 gene expression compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The B2.5 and B5 groups had significantly higher SOD gene expression compared to the other groups; the highest expression was related to the B2.5 group (P < 0.05). Dietary Butirex supplementation significantly up-regulated CAT and GPx genes expression compared to the control group; the highest expression as related to the B2.5 and B5 groups (P < 0.05). The B2.5 group had significantly lower CLD12 gene expression compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The B2.5 and B5 groups had significantly higher CLD3, OCLD and ZO-1 gene expression compared to the control. The highest CLD3, ZO-1 gene expressions was related to the B2.5, and B5 groups respectively (P < 0.05). After challenge with Streptococcus iniae, B2.5 and B5 had significantly higher survival compared to the control group (55.6 ± 7.70 and 68.9 ± 10.2 vs. 33.3 ± 6.67). In conclusion, Butirex is efficient immune stimulant and health booster in rainbow trout, which augments the fish resistance to disease. Modulation of immune components, cytokines, antioxidant system and intestinal integrity might involve in improving disease resistance in Butirex-treated fish. Although most of the examined genes were modulated by 2.5 g/kg Butirex under normal conditions, 5 g/kg level is recommended under pathogenic state to mitigate mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Taheri Mirghaed
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Peyman Yarahmadi
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Paknejad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
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24
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Lallès JP. Biology, environmental and nutritional modulation of skin mucus alkaline phosphatase in fish: A review. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:179-186. [PMID: 30928666 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a major, recently recognized component of innate immunity. The intestinal AP (IAP) isoform plays a pivotal role in controlling gastrointestinal and systemic inflammation in terrestrial mammals. This is so essentially through detoxification (by dephosphorylation) of proinflammatory microbial components that can no longer be recognized by so-called toll-like receptors, thus preventing cellular inflammatory cascade activation. A unique feature of fish is the presence of AP in skin and epidermal mucus (skin mucus AP) but its actual functions and underlying mechanisms of action are presently unknown. Here, we gather and analyse knowledge available on skin mucus AP in order to provide a holistic view of this important protective enzyme. Our main conclusions are that skin mucus AP is responsive to biotic and abiotic factors, including nutrients and bioactive feed components, prebiotics and probiotics. Importantly, both skin mucus AP and IAP appear to correlate, thus raising the interesting possibility that skin mucus AP be used as a proxy for IAP in future nutritional studies. Blood serum AP also seems to correlate with skin mucus AP, though biological interpretation for such relationship is presently unknown. Finally, the precise isoform/s of AP present in skin should be identified and underlying molecular mechanisms of skin mucus AP actions deciphered.
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25
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Hoseinifar SH, Hosseini M, Paknejad H, Safari R, Jafar A, Yousefi M, Van Doan H, Torfi Mozanzadeh M. Enhanced mucosal immune responses, immune related genes and growth performance in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles fed dietary Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M and raffinose. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:59-65. [PMID: 30668960 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) and raffinose (RF) alone or in combination on growth performance, mucosal immune factors and immune related genes expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Fish with initial weight of 10.0 ± 2.5 g were fed the following experimental diets for 60 days: control (without supplementation), prebiotic (2 g RF kg-1 diet), probiotic (6 × 108 CFU g-1PA) and synbiotic (2 g RF kg-1+ 6 × 108 CFU g-1PA). Carp fed synbiotic and probiotic diets had the highest (19.53 ± 0.16) and the lowest (18.05 ± 0.65) final body weight, respectively and the other experimental groups showed intermediate values. Singular administration of PA or in combination with 2 g RF kg-1 significantly increased skin mucus total immunoglobulin (Ig) and protein compared other groups, meanwhile, values of skin mucus protease activity enhanced by dietary immunostimulants administration in comparison with the control (P < 0.05). The expression of gene encoding lysozyme in skin pronouncedly increased by supplementing diets with singular or mixture of PA and RF; however, the expression of intestinal lysozyme gene as well as tumor necrosis factor-α genes expression in skin and intestine were not affected by administrating different immunostimulants (P > 0.05). The highest growth performance was noticed in fish fed synbiotic (P < 0.05). Overall, the combination of 2 g RF kg-1 with 6 × 108 CFU g-1PA is recommended for improving immunological responses of C. carpio juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Marjan Hosseini
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamed Paknejad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Roghieh Safari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Jafar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh
- South Iran Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Science Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahwaz, Iran
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