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Vicentini M, Simmons D, Silva de Assis HC. How does temperature rise affect a freshwater catfish Rhamdia quelen? A proteomic approach. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101219. [PMID: 38377663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Outside of scientific circles, climate change is a hotly debated topic due to all its consequences. Changes in the temperature can affect aquatic organisms and it is important to understand and to detect earlier signals. This study aimed to analyze how a Neotropical fish species responds to temperature increases, using proteomic analysis as a tool. For this, fish of the species Rhamdia quelen, male and female, were exposed to two temperatures: 25 °C and 30 °C. After 96 h, the animals were anesthetized, euthanized and the liver was collected for proteomic analysis. Using freely available online software and databases (e.g. MetaboAnalyst, Gene Ontology and UniProt), we define the altered proteins in both sexes: 42 in females and 62 in males. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD046475. Differences between the two temperatures were observed mainly in the amino acid metabolic pathways. The cellular process and the immune response was altered, indicating that effects at lower levels of biological organization could serve as a predictor of higher-level effects when temperature rise affects wildlife populations. Thus, we conclude that the increase in temperature is capable of altering important cellular and physiological processes in R. quelen fish, with this response being different for males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Vicentini
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduation Program, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, Box 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil. https://twitter.com/maiaravicentini
| | - Denina Simmons
- Faculty of Science, OntarioTech University, 2000 Simcoe St. North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada. https://twitter.com/DeninaSimmons
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Mao Y, Lv W, Huang W, Yuan Q, Yang H, Zhou W, Li M. Effects on growth performance and immunity of Monopterus albus after high temperature stress. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1397818. [PMID: 38720786 PMCID: PMC11076714 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1397818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the impact of the effect of high temperature stimulation on Monopterus albus larvae after a certain period of time, five experimental groups were established at different temperatures. Then, the M. albus under high temperature stress was fed at 30°C for 70 days. After that, the growth index of the M. albus was counted and analyzed. In terms of growth index, high temperature stress had significant effects on FCR, FBW, WGR, and SGR of M. albus (p < 0.05). The SR increased after being stimulated by temperature (p < 0.1). The study revealed that liver cells of M. albus were harmed by elevated temperatures of 36°C and 38°C. In the experimental group, the activities of digestive enzymes changed in the same trend, reaching the highest point in the 32°C group and then decreasing, and the AMS activity in the 38°C group was significantly different from that in the 30°C group (p < 0.05). The activities of antioxidase in liver reached the highest at 34°C, which was significantly different from those at 30°C (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression levels of TLR1, C3, TNF-α, and other genes increased in the experimental group, reaching the highest point at 34°C, and the expression level of the IL-1β gene reached the highest point at 32°C, which was significantly different from that at 30°C (p < 0.05). However, the expression level of the IRAK3 gene decreased in the experimental group and reached its lowest point at 34°C (p < 0.05). The expression level of the HSP90α gene increased with the highest temperature stimulus and reached its highest point at 38°C (p < 0.05). In the α diversity index of intestinal microorganisms in the experimental group, the observed species, Shannon, and Chao1 indexes in the 34°C group were the highest (p < 0.05), and β diversity analysis revealed that the intestinal microbial community in the experimental group was separated after high temperature stimulation. At the phylum level, the three dominant flora are Proteus, Firmicutes, and Bacteroides. Bacteroides and Macrococcus abundance increased at the genus level, but Vibrio and Aeromonas abundance decreased. To sum up, appropriate high-temperature stress can enhance the immunity and adaptability of M. albus. These results show that the high temperature stimulation of 32°C-34°C is beneficial to the industrial culture of M. albus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Lv
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzong Zhou
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Tsoulia T, Sundaram AYM, Braaen S, Jørgensen JB, Rimstad E, Wessel Ø, Dahle MK. Transcriptomics of early responses to purified Piscine orthoreovirus-1 in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) red blood cells compared to non-susceptible cell lines. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359552. [PMID: 38420125 PMCID: PMC10899339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Piscine red blood cells (RBC) are nucleated and have been characterized as mediators of immune responses in addition to their role in gas exchange. Salmonid RBC are major target cells of Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1), the etiological agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). PRV-1 replicates in RBC ex vivo, but no viral amplification has been possible in available A. salmon cell lines. To compare RBC basal transcripts and transcriptional responses to PRV-1 in the early phase of infection with non-susceptible cells, we exposed A. salmon RBC, Atlantic salmon kidney cells (ASK) and Salmon head kidney cells (SHK-1) to PRV-1 for 24 h. The RNA-seq analysis of RBC supported their previous characterization as pluripotent cells, as they expressed a wide repertoire of genes encoding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), cytokine receptors, and genes implicated in antiviral activities. The comparison of RBC to ASK and SHK-1 revealed immune cell features exclusively expressed in RBC, such as genes involved in chemotactic activity in response to inflammation. Differential expression analysis of RBC exposed to PRV-1 showed 46 significantly induced genes (≥ 2-fold upregulation) linked to the antiviral response pathway, including RNA-specific PRRs and interferon (IFN) response factors. In SHK-1, PRV induced a more potent or faster antiviral response (213 genes induced). ASK cells showed a differential response pattern (12 genes induced, 18 suppressed) less characterized by the dsRNA-induced antiviral pathway. Despite these differences, the RIG-I-like receptor 3 (RLR3) in the family of cytosolic dsRNA receptors was significantly induced in all PRV-1 exposed cells. IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) was significantly induced in RBC only, in contrast to IRF3/IRF7 induced in SHK-1. Differences in IRF expression and activity may potentially affect viral propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomais Tsoulia
- Departments of Aquatic Animal Health and Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology, Fisheries and Economy, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Arvind Y. M. Sundaram
- Departments of Aquatic Animal Health and Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Braaen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jorunn B. Jørgensen
- Department of Biotechnology, Fisheries and Economy, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Espen Rimstad
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Øystein Wessel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Maria K. Dahle
- Departments of Aquatic Animal Health and Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology, Fisheries and Economy, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Basak C, Chakraborty R. Gut-immunity modulation in Lepidocephalichthys guntea during Aeromonas hydrophila-infection and recovery assessed with transcriptome data. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22936. [PMID: 38130423 PMCID: PMC10735050 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The fish immune system, which consists of innate and adaptive immunologic processes, defends against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The gut immunity is an integral part of the host immune system that controls immunological homeostasis, hosts' interactions with their microbiomes, and provides defence against a number of intestinal infections. Lepidocephalichthys guntea, a facultative air-breathing fish, was experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila using intraperitoneal injection followed by bath challenge, and transcriptome data were used to examine the gut immune responses during disease progression and recovery from the diseased state without the use of medication. For the control or uninfected fish (FGC) and the infected fish that were kept for seven days (FGE1) and fifteen days (FGE2), separate water tanks were set up. Coding DNA sequences (CDS) for FGC and FGE1, FGC and FGE2, and FGE1 and FGE2 were analyzed for differential gene expression (DGE). The presence and expression of genes involved in the T cell receptor (TCR) signalling pathway, natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway, and complement-mediated pathway, along with a large number of other immune-related proteins, and heat shock protein (HSPs) under various experimental conditions and its relationship to immune modulation of the fish gut was the primary focus of this study. Significant up-and-down regulation of these pathways shows that, in FGE1, the fish's innate immune system was engaged, whereas in FGE2, the majority of innate immune mechanisms were repressed, and adaptive immunity was activated. Expression of genes related to the immune system and heat-shock proteins was induced during this host's immunological response, and this information was then used to build a thorough network relating to immunity and the heat-shock response. This is the first study to examine the relationship between pathogenic bacterial infection, disease reversal, and modification of innate and adaptive immunity as well as heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Basak
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranadhir Chakraborty
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India
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He L, Yu X, Zhao Y, Lin H, Zhang Y, Lu D. TLR5S negatively regulates the TLR5M-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway in Epinephelus coioides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126048. [PMID: 37517756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway is a key mediator of inflammation response that plays a role in host defense for pathogen elimination, but excessive activation may lead to tissue damage or pathogen transmission. The negative regulation of NF-κB in lower vertebrates is largely unknown, hindering further understanding of immune signaling evolution. Here, we provided evidence that Epinephelus coioides soluble toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5S), a member of the TLR5 subfamily, has been newly identified as a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling. EcTLR5S was a cytoplasmic protein consisting of 17 leucine-rich repeat domains, which specifically responded to Vibrio flagellin and suppressed flagellin-induced NF-κB signaling activation and cytokine expression. The amino-terminal LRR 1-5 region was necessary for its negative regulatory function. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that EcTLR5S significantly inhibited the NF-κB-luc activity induced by inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α (IKKα) and IKKβ. Subsequently, the functional relationship between EcTLR5M and EcTLR5S was analyzed, revealing that the negative regulatory function of EcTLR5S targeted the activation of the NF-κB pathway mediated by EcTLR5M. The above results reveal that EcTLR5S negatively regulates the flagellin-induced EcTLR5M-NF-κB pathway activation, which may prevent over-activation of immune signaling and restore homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangge He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, PR China; College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, PR China; Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Danqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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6
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Stølen Ugelvik M, Mennerat A, Mæhle S, Dalvin S. Repeated exposure affects susceptibility and responses of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) towards the ectoparasitic salmon lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Parasitology 2023; 150:990-1005. [PMID: 37705306 PMCID: PMC10941223 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is repeatedly exposed to and infected with ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) both in farms and in nature. However, this is not reflected in laboratory experiments where fish typically are infected only once. To investigate if a previous lice infection affects host response to subsequent infections, fish received 4 different experimental treatments; including 2 groups of fish that had previously been infected either with adult or infective salmon lice larvae (copepodids). Thereafter, fish in all treatment groups were infected with either a double or a single dose of copepodids originating from the same cohort. Fish were sampled when lice had developed into the chalimus, the pre-adult and the adult stage, respectively. Both the specific growth rate and cortisol levels (i.e. a proxy for stress) of the fish differed between treatments. Lice success (i.e. ability to infect and survive on the host) was higher in naïve than in previously infected fish (pre-adult stage). The expression of immune and wound healing transcripts in the skin also differed between treatments, and most noticeable was a higher upregulation early in the infection in the group previously infected with copepodids. However, later in the infection, the least upregulation was observed in this group, suggesting that previous exposure to salmon lice affects the response of Atlantic salmon towards subsequent lice infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Stølen Ugelvik
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adele Mennerat
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig Mæhle
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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Najafpour B, Pinto PIS, Sanz EC, Martinez-Blanch JF, Canario AVM, Moutou KA, Power DM. Core microbiome profiles and their modification by environmental, biological, and rearing factors in aquaculture hatcheries. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115218. [PMID: 37441915 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
16S rRNA gene sequencing and bacteria- and genus-specific quantitative PCR was used to profile microbial communities and their associated functions in water, live feed (microalgae, Artemia, and rotifer), and European sea bass and gilthead sea bream larvae from hatcheries in Greece and Italy. The transfer to larvae of genus containing potential pathogens of fish was more likely with Artemia and rotifer than with microalgae or water, irrespective of geographic location. The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas) in the core microbiota of water, live feed, and fish larvae, the enrichment of different bacterial resistance pathways and biofilm formation, and the overall low beneficial bacteria load during larval ontogeny emphasizes the risk for disease outbreaks. The present data characterizing microbiota in commercial aquaculture hatcheries provides a baseline for the design of strategies to manage disease and to model or remediate potential adverse environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Najafpour
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Patricia I S Pinto
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Eric Climent Sanz
- ADM Biopolis, Parc Cientific Universidad De Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Adelino V M Canario
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Shanghai Ocean University International Center for Marine Studies, Shanghai, China
| | - Katerina A Moutou
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26, Larissa, Greece
| | - Deborah M Power
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Shanghai Ocean University International Center for Marine Studies, Shanghai, China.
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van Muilekom DR, Collet B, Rebl H, Zlatina K, Sarais F, Goldammer T, Rebl A. Lost and Found: The Family of NF-κB Inhibitors Is Larger than Assumed in Salmonid Fish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10229. [PMID: 37373375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signalling is largely controlled by the family of 'inhibitors of NF-κB' (IκB). The relevant databases indicate that the genome of rainbow trout contains multiple gene copies coding for iκbα (nfkbia), iκbε (nfkbie), iκbδ (nkfbid), iκbζ (nfkbiz), and bcl3, but it lacks iκbβ (nfkbib) and iκbη (ankrd42). Strikingly, three nfkbia paralogs are apparently present in salmonid fish, two of which share a high sequence identity, while the third putative nfkbia gene is significantly less like its two paralogs. This particular nfkbia gene product, iκbα, clusters with the human IκBβ in a phylogenetic analysis, while the other two iκbα proteins from trout associate with their human IκBα counterpart. The transcript concentrations were significantly higher for the structurally more closely related nfkbia paralogs than for the structurally less similar paralog, suggesting that iκbβ probably has not been lost from the salmonid genomes but has been incorrectly designated as iκbα. In the present study, two gene variants coding for iκbα (nfkbia) and iκbε (nfkbie) were prominently expressed in the immune tissues and, particularly, in a cell fraction enriched with granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells from the head kidney of rainbow trout. Stimulation of salmonid CHSE-214 cells with zymosan significantly upregulated the iκbα-encoding gene while elevating the copy numbers of the inflammatory markers interleukin-1-beta and interleukin-8. Overexpression of iκbα and iκbε in CHSE-214 cells dose-dependently quenched both the basal and stimulated activity of an NF-κB promoter suggesting their involvement in immune-regulatory processes. This study provides the first functional data on iκbε-versus the well-researched iκbα factor-in a non-mammalian model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doret R van Muilekom
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Bertrand Collet
- VIM, UVSQ, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kristina Zlatina
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Fabio Sarais
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Kochneva A, Efremov D, Murzina SA. Proteins journey-from marine to freshwater ecosystem: blood plasma proteomic profiles of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Walbaum, 1792 during spawning migration. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1216119. [PMID: 37383149 PMCID: PMC10293649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1216119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) is a commercial anadromous fish species of the family Salmonidae. This species has a 2-year life cycle that distinguishes it from other salmonids. It includes the spawning migration from marine to freshwater environments, accompanied by significant physiological and biochemical adaptive changes in the body. This study reveals and describes variability in the blood plasma proteomes of female and male pink salmon collected from three biotopes-marine, estuarine and riverine-that the fish pass through in spawning migration. Identification and comparative analysis of blood plasma protein profiles were performed using proteomics and bioinformatic approaches. The blood proteomes of female and male spawners collected from different biotopes were qualitatively and quantitatively distinguished. Females differed primarily in proteins associated with reproductive system development (certain vitellogenin and choriogenin), lipid transport (fatty acid binding protein) and energy production (fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase), and males in proteins involved in blood coagulation (fibrinogen), immune response (lectins) and reproductive processes (vitellogenin). Differentially expressed sex-specific proteins were implicated in proteolysis (aminopeptidases), platelet activation (β- and γ-chain fibrinogen), cell growth and differentiation (a protein containing the TGF_BETA_2 domain) and lipid transport processes (vitellogenin and apolipoprotein). The results are of both fundamental and practical importance, adding to existing knowledge of the biochemical adaptations to spawning of pink salmon, a representative of economically important migratory fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Kochneva
- Environmental Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Denis Efremov
- Ecology of Fishes and Water Invertebrates Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Murzina
- Environmental Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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Yang J, Wang YYL, Kazmi SSUH, Mo J, Fan H, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang Z. Evaluation of in vitro toxicity information for zebrafish as a promising alternative for chemical hazard and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162262. [PMID: 36801337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro assays are widely proposed as a test alternative to traditional in vivo standard acute and chronic toxicity tests. However, whether toxicity information derived from in vitro assays instead of in vivo tests could provide sufficient protection (e.g., 95 % of protection) for chemical risks remain evaluated. To investigate the feasibility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) cell-based in vitro test method as a test alternative, we comprehensively compared sensitivity differences among endpoints, among test methods (in vitro, FET and in vivo), and between zebrafish and rat (Rattus norvegicus), respectively using chemical toxicity distribution (CTD) approach. For each test method involved, sublethal endpoints were more sensitive than lethal endpoints for both zebrafish and rat, respectively. Biochemistry (zebrafish in vitro), development (zebrafish in vivo and FET), physiology (rat in vitro) and development (rat in vivo) were the most sensitive endpoints for each test method. Nonetheless, zebrafish FET test was the least sensitive one compared to its in vivo and in vitro tests for either lethal or sublethal responses. Comparatively, rat in vitro tests considering cell viability and physiology endpoints were more sensitive than rat in vivo test. Zebrafish was found to be more sensitive than rat regardless of in vivo or in vitro tests for each pairwise endpoint of concern. Those findings indicate that zebrafish in vitro test is a feasible test alternative to zebrafish in vivo and FET test and traditional mammalian test. It is suggesting that zebrafish in vitro test can be optimized by choosing more sensitive endpoints, such as biochemistry to provide sufficient protection for zebrafish in vivo test and to establish applications of zebrafish in vitro test in future risk assessment. Our findings are vital for evaluating and further application of in vitro toxicity toxicity information as an alternative for chemical hazard and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yolina Yu Lin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hailin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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11
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Mousavi SE, Grützner F, Patil JG. Enhanced mitotic arrest and chromosome resolution for cytogenetic analysis in the eastern mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152029. [PMID: 37062122 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Maximising the number of cells arrested at metaphase and their resolution is fundamentally important for molecular cytogenetic investigations, particularly in fish, which typically yield low mitotic index and have highly condensed chromosomes. To overcome these limitations, fish were injected with a mitotic stimulator (the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to improve the mitotic index, and the intercalating agent ethidium bromide to produce elongated chromosomes. Specifically, adults were injected with activated yeast and then Colcemid (0.025 µg/µl solution, 10 µl per 1 g of body weight) at 24-96 h post yeast injections, followed by chromosome preparations from multiple tissues. Results showed that gill tissue had the highest number of dividing cells at 72 h post yeast exposure with no significant (p > 0.05) differences between the sexes. Nonetheless, sex-specific differences in the mitotic index were observed in spleen, kidney, and liver, which may be attributed to sex-specific differences in immune responses. For elongation of mitotic chromosomes, individuals (both sexes) were first injected with activated yeast and after 48 h with ethidium bromide (2 or 4 µg/ml) and Colcemid (0.05 µg/µl solution, 10 µl per 1 g of body weight). Following which, animals were sampled at three time points (1, 4 and 8 h) for chromosome preparations. The results show that the optimum elongation of metaphase chromosomes of males and females was achieved by using 2 µg/ml and 4 µg/ml, respectively, for 1 h. Interestingly, the average mitotic chromosome length (μm) of males and females post-ethidium bromide exposure was significantly different (p < 0.05) for both concentrations, except at 1 h exposure for 2 µg/ml EtBr. Such differences can be attributed to overall chromosomal condensation differences between sexes. Regardless, the increased mitotic index and chromosome resolution could benefit cytogenetic studies in other fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ehsan Mousavi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, TAS 7053, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia.
| | - Frank Grützner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jawahar G Patil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, TAS 7053, Australia
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12
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Nguyen TM, Tran Thi NT, Nguyen TH, Do TNA, Kestemont P. Immunomodulatory effects of graded levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) - In vitro and in vivo approaches. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108585. [PMID: 36758658 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The D-series resolvins formed from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) work as anti-inflammatory mediators indicating the role of this long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the immune system of mammals. However, such information is still limited in fish. The current study was conducted to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of graded levels of DHA in common carp Cyprinus carpio by in vitro and in vivo approaches. In the in vitro experiment, the head kidney leukocytes isolated from common carp (body weight = 120.3 ± 12.4 g) were exposed to DHA at 0, 15, and 75 μM (corresponding to DHA0, DHA15, and DHA75) for 1 h; the cells were then immediately exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) at a dose of 10 μg/ml for 4 or 24 h to stimulate the pro-inflammatory responses. The expression of several target genes involved in the inflammatory response (tlr4, nfkb, il-1, il-6, pge2, pla2, nf-kbi, il-10, and tgf-β1) and cytoprotection (hsp70, gpx1, and prdx3) was then assessed by RT-qPCR. Results showed that the pro-inflammatory response induced by LPS was confirmed through the upregulations of il-1 and il-6 expressions in the DHA0 group after 4 h of LPS exposure. The downregulations of il-6 in DHA15 and DHA75 cells after 4 h of LPS exposure compared to DHA0 indicated that the free DHA supplementation in the cell culture medium induced an anti-inflammatory response. Decreases of il-10 and nf-kbi expression were also observed in DHA-treated groups and the highest expression of hsp70 in DHA75 cells. In the in vivo experiment, common carp juveniles (21.7 ± 0.9 g) were fed to apparent satiation with a diet supplemented with DHA at 0, 6, and 20 g/kg for 8 weeks. After the feeding trial, the fish were challenged with Aeromonas veronii at 2.1 × 107 CFU/ml and the fish mortality was then recorded during 14 days. At the end of the feeding trial and the second day of bacterial infection, fish blood samples were collected for haematological parameters while liver and head kidney were used for assaying different immune variables. Results showed that the DHA supplementation in fish diet did not influence the fish growth and other husbandry parameters. The lowest value of fish mortality was recorded in DHA20-fed fish. The positive effects of DHA-supplemented diets were also found in myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) activities. In conclusion, the results suggest that DHA is able to modulate the inflammatory response in the immune celsl at a dose of 75 μM/mL and to boost disease resistance in common carp fed on a diet supplemented with DHA at 20 g/kg of feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Mai Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nang Thu Tran Thi
- Department of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thu Hang Nguyen
- Pharmacology Department, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Anh Do
- Department of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
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13
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Aedo JE, Zuloaga R, Aravena-Canales D, Molina A, Valdés JA. Role of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) skeletal muscle: A transcriptomic perspective of cortisol action. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1048008. [PMID: 36685183 PMCID: PMC9852899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1048008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is an essential regulator of neuroendocrine stress responses in teleost. Cortisol performs its effects through the modulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), activating gene expression. Until now the contribution of both receptors in the global transcriptional response in teleost skeletal muscle has not been explored. To understand in a comprehensive and global manner how GR and MR modulates the skeletal muscle transcriptomic response, we performed RNA-seq analysis. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) pretreated with a suppressor of endogenous cortisol production were intraperitoneally injected with cortisol (10 mg/kg). We also included a treatment with mifepristone (GR antagonist) and eplerenone (MR antagonist) in the presence or absence of cortisol. cDNA libraries were constructed from the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout groups: vehicle, cortisol, mifepristone, eplerenone, mifepristone/cortisol and eplerenone/cortisol. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 135 transcripts were differentially expressed in cortisol vs. mifepristone/cortisol group, mainly associated to inflammatory response, ion transmembrane transport, and proteolysis. In the other hand, 68 transcripts were differentially expressed in cortisol vs. eplerenone/cortisol group, mainly associated to muscle contraction, and regulation of cell cycle. To validate these observations, we performed in vitro experiments using rainbow trout myotubes. In myotubes treated with cortisol, we found increased expression of cxcr2, c3, and clca3p mediated by GR, associated with inflammatory response, proteolysis, and ion transmembrane transport, respectively. Contrastingly, MR modulated the expression of myh2 and gadd45g mainly associated with muscle contraction and regulation of cell cycle, respectively. These results suggest that GR and MR have a differential participation in the physiological response to stress in teleost skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Aedo
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Zuloaga
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Aravena-Canales
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile,*Correspondence: Juan Antonio Valdés,
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14
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Zhou L, Chu L, Du J, Nie Z, Cao L, Gao J, Xu G. Oxidative stress and immune response of hepatopancreas in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis under lipopolysaccharide challenge. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109495. [PMID: 36280105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis; H. Milne Edwards, 1853) is one of the important farmed crustaceans in China. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as a harmful factor, is prone to occur during the farming process of crabs. Aiming to test the hypothesis that damage degrees of the hepatopancreas in E. sinensis is correlated to LPS concentrations, in this study, E. sinensis were injected with LPS (50 μg/kg, and 500 μg/kg) and analyzed for the activity of antioxidant and immune-related enzymes, immune-related gene expression, and histopathological of hepatopancreas. As result, the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis immune-related genes, i.e., Dorsal, HSP90, Toll2, TLRs, Tube, and proPO, were significantly affected by LPS challenge. Among immune-related genes, Dorsal and proPO might play key roles in combating the LPS challenge. The activity of CAT gradually decreased with the increase of time, and the total antioxidant capacity was decreased after LPS challenge, indicating the inhibition of LPS on the antioxidant system. Interestingly, the decreasing trend of AKP and ACP activity suggested the immune system of crabs was affected by LPS challenge. The hepatopancreas section showed that the damage degree of hepatopancreas was different under the challenge of LPS with different concentrations, and the damage degree was proportional to the concentration. Our findings provide useful information for understanding the mechanism of hepatopancreas injury of E. sinensis induced by LPS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lanlu Chu
- Wuxi Biologics, 108 Meiliang Road, Mashan, Wuxi 214092, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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15
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Effects of Tomato Paste By-Product Extract on Growth Performance and Blood Parameters in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233387. [PMID: 36496908 PMCID: PMC9737255 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This research examined different growth performances and blood parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) consuming diets supplemented with tomato paste by-product extract (TPE). Five diets with different concentrations of TPEs, 0% (TPE0) 0.5% (TPE0.5), 1% (TPE1), 2% (TPE2), and 5% (TPE5) were supplied to 300 common carp (8.38 ± 0.18 g) (60 fish per group) each day during the 60-day feeding trial. The relative and specific growth rates of fish-fed supplemental diets increased significantly, while the feed conversion ratio significantly decreased (p < 0.05). TPE considerably increased the erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin content (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) (p < 0.05), according to hematological analyses of blood samples collected after the feeding experiment. The blood biochemical findings indicate that using 1% or more extracts considerably reduced the serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride ratios while significantly increasing the total protein, albumin, and globulin ratios in common carp (p < 0.05). Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the 2% extract generated from tomato paste by-products in common carp diets could be utilized as a growth-promoting product without any negative effects on blood parameters linked to feeding in carp.
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16
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Jones EM, Oliver LP, Ma J, Leeuwis RHJ, Myrsell V, Arkoosh MR, Dietrich JP, Schuster CM, Hawkyard M, Gamperl AK, Cain KD. Production of a monoclonal antibody specific to sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) IgM and its application in ELISA, western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:479-489. [PMID: 36162774 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) are an emerging aquaculture species native to the continental shelf of the northern Pacific Ocean. There is limited information on both innate and adaptive immunity for this species and new tools are needed to determine antibody response following vaccination or disease outbreaks. In this paper, a monoclonal antibody, UI-25A, specific to sablefish IgM was produced in mice. Western blotting confirmed UI-25A recognizes the heavy chain of IgM and does not cross react to proteins or carbohydrates in serum of four other teleost species. An ELISA was developed to measure Aeromonas salmonicida specific IgM in the plasma of sablefish from a previous experiment where fish were immunized with a proprietary A. salmonicida vaccine. UI-25A was used in Western blot analyses to identify immunogenic regions of A. salmonicida recognized by this specific IgM from vaccinated sablefish. Immunofluorescent staining also demonstrated the ability of UI-25A to recognize membrane-bound IgM and identify IgM + cells in the head kidney. These results demonstrate the usefulness of UI-25A as a tool to improve the understanding of antibody-mediated immunity in sablefish as well as to provide valuable information for vaccine development and expansion of aquaculture efforts for this fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Jones
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Luke P Oliver
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Robine H J Leeuwis
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Veronica Myrsell
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Mary R Arkoosh
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 Southeast OSU Drive, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| | - Joseph P Dietrich
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 Southeast OSU Drive, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| | - Cameron M Schuster
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| | - Matt Hawkyard
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - A Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Kenneth D Cain
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
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17
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Leet JK, Greer JB, Richter CA, Iwanowicz LR, Spinard E, McDonald J, Conway C, Gale RW, Tillitt DE, Hansen JD. Exposure to 17α-Ethinylestradiol Results in Differential Susceptibility of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides) to Bacterial Infection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14375-14386. [PMID: 36197672 PMCID: PMC9583602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks, skin lesions, mortality events, and reproductive abnormalities have been observed in wild populations of centrarchids. The presence of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (EEDCs) has been implicated as a potential causal factor for these effects. The effects of prior EEDC exposure on immune response were examined in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to a potent synthetic estrogen (17α-ethinylestradiol, EE2) at a low (EE2Low, 0.87 ng/L) or high (EE2High, 9.08 ng/L) dose for 4 weeks, followed by transfer to clean water and injection with an LD40 dose of the Gram-negative bacteria Edwardsiella piscicida. Unexpectedly, this prior exposure to EE2High significantly increased survivorship at 10 d post-infection compared to solvent control or EE2Low-exposed, infected fish. Both prior exposure and infection with E. piscicida led to significantly reduced hepatic glycogen levels, indicating a stress response resulting in depletion of energy stores. Additionally, pathway analysis for liver and spleen indicated differentially expressed genes associated with immunometabolic processes in the mock-injected EE2High treatment that could underlie the observed protective effect and metabolic shift in EE2High-infected fish. Our results demonstrate that exposure to a model EEDC alters metabolism and immune function in a fish species that is ecologically and economically important in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Leet
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental
Research Center, 4200
New Haven Road, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United
States
| | - Justin B. Greer
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research
Center, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Catherine A. Richter
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental
Research Center, 4200
New Haven Road, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United
States
| | - Luke R. Iwanowicz
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science
Center, 11649 Leetown
Road, Kearneysville, West
Virginia 25430, United
States
| | - Edward Spinard
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research
Center, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Jacquelyn McDonald
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research
Center, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Carla Conway
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research
Center, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Robert W. Gale
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental
Research Center, 4200
New Haven Road, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United
States
| | - Donald E. Tillitt
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental
Research Center, 4200
New Haven Road, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United
States
| | - John D. Hansen
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research
Center, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
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18
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Scharsack JP, Franke F. Temperature effects on teleost immunity in the light of climate change. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:780-796. [PMID: 35833710 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an important environmental modulator of teleost immune activity. Susceptibility of teleosts to temperature variation depends on the species-specific adaptive temperature range, and the activity of the teleost immune system is generally temperature-dependent. Similar to many physiological and metabolic traits of ectotherms, temperature modulates the activity of immune traits. At low temperatures, acquired immunity of many teleost species is down-modulated, and their immuno-competence mainly depends on innate immunity. At intermediate temperatures, both innate and acquired immunity are fully active and provide optimal protection, including long-lasting immunological memory. When temperatures increase and reach the upper permissive range, teleost immunity is compromised. Moreover, temperature shifts may have negative effects on teleost immune functions, in particular if shifts occur rapidly with high amplitudes. On the contrary, short-term temperature increase may help teleost immunity to fight against pathogens transiently. A major challenge to teleosts therefore is to maintain immuno-competence throughout the temperature range they are exposed to. Climate change coincides with rising temperatures, and more frequent and more extreme temperature shifts. Both are likely to influence the immuno-competence of teleosts. Nonetheless, teleosts exist in habitats that differ substantially in temperature, ranging from below zero in the Arctic's to above 40°C in warm springs, illustrating their enormous potential to adapt to different temperature regimes. The present review seeks to discuss how changes in temperature variation, induced by climate change, might influence teleost immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Peter Scharsack
- Department for Fish Diseases, Thuenen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Frederik Franke
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Department of Biodiversity, Nature Protection & Wildlife Management, Freising, Germany
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19
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Ugelvik MS, Dalvin S. The effect of different intensities of the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1133-1147. [PMID: 35612902 PMCID: PMC9544591 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different intensities of the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on stress, growth and the expression of immune and wound healing transcripts in the skin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was investigated. Lice infection success and survival were similar at the chalimus and preadult stage in the low and high dose group, but infection success and survival were significantly lower in the high than in the low dose group at the adult stage. The expression of investigated transcripts was not correlated to lice intensities, but several of them were significantly differently expressed locally in the skin at the site of lice attachment in infected fish compared to controls. This included an up-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers at the site of lice attachment (e.g., interleukin 1-beta, interleukin 8 and the acute phase protein serum amyloid A), a reduction of markers of adaptive immunity (cluster of differentiation 8-alpha and immunoglobulin M) and decreased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10.
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20
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Ugelvik MS, Mæhle S, Dalvin S. Temperature affects settlement success of ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and impacts the immune and stress response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:975-990. [PMID: 35397139 PMCID: PMC9320951 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of temperature on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stress and immune response to the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) was investigated. We found that infestation affected the expression of several immune and wound healing transcripts in the skin especially at the site of lice attachment compared to un-infested control fish. Moreover, expression patterns in the skin of infested fish suggest that host immune responses towards salmon lice are impaired at low temperatures. However, reduced lice infestation success and survival at the lowest investigated temperatures suggest that cold water temperatures are more detrimental to the lice than their fish hosts. Finally, temperature affected the stress response of the fish and infected fish had a higher increase in cortisol levels in response to handling (a stressor) than un-infested controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stig Mæhle
- Institute of Marine ResearchBergenNorway
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21
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Makaras T, Razumienė J, Gurevičienė V, Sauliutė G, Stankevičiūtė M. Technical suitability and reliability of an in vivo and non-invasive biosensor-type glucose assessment as a potential biomarker for multiple stressors in fishes: an evaluation on Salmonids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:41187-41206. [PMID: 35089518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of the wide use of glucose measurements in stress evaluation, there are some inconsistencies in its acceptance as a stress marker. To meet the challenge and test the reliability/suitability of glucose measurement in practice, we simulated different environmental/anthropogenic exposure scenarios in this study. We aimed to provoke stress in fish followed by a 2-week stress recovery period and under the cumulative effect of leachate fish exposed to pathogenic oomycetes (Saprolegnia parasitica) to represent a possible infection in fish. We selected stream-resident and anadromous brown trout ecotypes (Salmo trutta) representing salmonids with different migratory behaviour strategies. Here, we analysed glucose content in fish-holding water, blood and gills to determine glucose suitability as a potential biomarker of fish response to environmental challenges. Additionally, swimming behavioural parameters and haematocrit were measured. The results indicated that the quantity of glucose released in the holding water of stressed fish increased considerably and remained substantially higher throughout the stress recovery period than the control level. Correspondingly, the circulating levels of glucose in blood and gills decreased over time in fish exposed to different stressors. A significant decrease in swimming activity of fish was observed during the first hours of leachate exposure and increased in fish exposed to S. parasitica compared to control. Our study is the first to ensure the validity and reliability of glucose response in evaluating physiological stress in fish under chemical and biological stimuli, indicating its sensitivity and response range of glucose measurement in fish-holding water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Makaras
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Julija Razumienė
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vidutė Gurevičienė
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Sauliutė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
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22
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Martorell-Ribera J, Koczan D, Tindara Venuto M, Viergutz T, Brunner RM, Goldammer T, Gimsa U, Rebl A. Experimental Handling Challenges Result in Minor Changes in the Phagocytic Capacity and Transcriptome of Head-Kidney Cells of the Salmonid Fish Coregonus maraena. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:889635. [PMID: 35591870 PMCID: PMC9111177 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture management involves regular handling procedures, but these can evoke stress responses in farmed fish. We compiled an extensive list of published parameters that indicate the most likely handling-induced physiological deviations from the norm. However, since these parameters are based almost exclusively on studies of rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, we conducted a handling-challenge experiment with maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena). This salmonid fish was sampled at either 3 or 24 h after a single 1-min handling or after 10 days of daily repeated 1-min handling. The cortisol levels were strongly elevated in some individuals at 3 h after the single handling challenge, but these elevations were not significantly different between the challenged and control cohorts. The phagocytic capacity of myeloid head-kidney cells stimulated with fluorophore-labeled, inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida was significantly decreased in maraena whitefish at 3 h after the handling challenge compared to control fish. Microarray analysis of head-kidney samples from the challenged and control fish revealed 12 differentially expressed genes at 3 h and 70 at 24 h after the single handling episode, but only 5 differentially expressed genes after 10 days of repeated daily handling. The identified genes were assigned to numerous stress- and immune-relevant functional pathways, including “glucocorticoid receptor signaling” (3 h post-challenge), “HIF1A signaling” (24 h post-challenge), or “complement system” (10 days of repeated challenge). Our data reveal the tight interconnection of immune and stress pathways in the head kidney of maraena whitefish and corroborate several parameters previously found regulated in other tissues of handling-stressed rainbow trout. These findings indicate that handling may compromise the health and welfare of maraena whitefish in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Martorell-Ribera
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Psychophysiology Unit, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona – UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Core Facility for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Viergutz
- Service Group Cytometry, Institute of Reproductive Biology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ronald M. Brunner
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Molecular Biology and Fish Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- Psychophysiology Unit, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulrike Gimsa
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Alexander Rebl
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Zhang X, Hao X, Ma W, Zhu T, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Liu K, Shao C, Wang HY. Transcriptome Analysis Indicates Immune Responses against Vibrio harveyi in Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091144. [PMID: 35565570 PMCID: PMC9104532 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Limited understanding of molecular mechanisms of immune response constrains marine fish farming. Analyzing the dynamic gene expression profile of fish in response to pathogen infection is gaining interest. We analyzed the expression changes of the Chinese tongue sole kidney after Vibrio harveyi infection with a series of transcriptome data. Notably, we observed rapid up-regulation of IL-17, TNF and TLR signaling pathways, indicating treatment measures should be taken in the early stage after infection. We also found a close connection between the immune system and neuroendocrine system, which may be the new strategy to improve immune function. Our research provides insights into disease prevention and treatment in fish farming. Abstract Pathogenic infection of fishes is an important constraining factor affecting marine aquaculture. Insufficient understanding of the molecular mechanisms has affected the diagnosis and corresponding treatment. Here, we reported the dynamic changes of gene expression patterns in the Chinese tongue sole kidney at 16 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after Vibrio harveyi infection. In total, 366, 214, 115 and 238 differentially expressed genes were obtained from the 16 h−vs. −C, 48 h−vs. −C, 72 h−vs. −C and 96 h−vs. −C group comparisons, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed rapid up-regulation of several immune-related pathways, including IL-17, TNF and TLR signaling pathway. More importantly, time-series analyses of transcriptome showed that immune genes were specifically up-regulated in a short period of time and then decreased. The expression levels of chemokines increased after infection and reached a peak at 16 h. Specifically, Jak-STAT signaling pathway played a crucial role in the regulation during Vibrio harveyi infection. In the later stages of infection, genes in the neuroendocrine pathway, such as glucocorticoid-related genes, were activated in the kidney, indicating a close connection between the immune system and neuroendocrine system. Our dynamic transcriptome analyses provided profound insight into the gene expression profile and investigation of immunogenetic mechanisms of Chinese tongue sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Zhang
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Xiancai Hao
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Wenxiu Ma
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Tengfei Zhu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Correspondence:
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24
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Wannavijit S, Outama P, Le Xuan C, Lumsangkul C, Lengkidworraphiphat P, Tongsiri S, Chitmanat C, Doan HV. Modulatory effects of longan seed powder on growth performance, immune response, and immune-antioxidant related gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised under biofloc system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:460-468. [PMID: 35339660 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of longan seed powder (LS) on the growth performance, immunological response, and immune-antioxidant related gene expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three hundred fish (13.82 ± 0.06 g) were divided into five experiments and fed 5 diets, including the basal diet (control without LS) and basal diet containing 10 (LS10), 20 (LS20), 40 (LS40), and 80 (LS80) g kg-1 LS for eight weeks. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was utilised. The growth performance and immune response were measured at weeks 4 and 8 post feeding, while the gene expressions were determined at the end of the feeding trial. The results revealed that administration of LS could significantly (P < 0.05) improve specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in Nile tilapia as compared to the control group. However, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in survival rates among treatments. LS-supplemented diets showed enhanced serum peroxidase activity (SPA), serum lysozyme activity (SLA), skin mucus lysozyme activity (MLA), and skin mucus peroxidase activity (MPA) at weeks 4 and 8 post-feeding, with the highest values observed in the LS20 diet (P < 0.05). Additionally, LS-supplemented diets significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) immune and antioxidant related gene expressions (IL1, IL8, LBP, GSTa, GPX, and GSR) in the liver and intestine, with highest values observed in the LS20 treatment. The present results confirmed the beneficial effects of LS as a functional feed additive and immunostimulant for Nile Tilapia culture in a biofloc system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreya Wannavijit
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyatida Outama
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chinh Le Xuan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Phattawin Lengkidworraphiphat
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sudaporn Tongsiri
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Chanagun Chitmanat
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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25
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Nguyen TM, Agbohessou PS, Nguyen TH, Tran Thi NT, Kestemont P. Immune responses and acute inflammation in common carp Cyprinus carpio injected by E.coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as affected by dietary oils. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:1-12. [PMID: 35007746 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eicosanoids, resolvins, and lipoxins formed from long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are the main lipid mediators in the inflammatory processes explaining the influence of dietary lipid sources on the immune system. The current study aimed to determine the effects of dietary plant oils instead of fish oil or LC-PUFA supplementation in these oils on fish immune and inflammatory responses under normal and LPS-stimulated conditions. Six iso-nitrogenous (ranging from 30.4 to 31.1%) and iso-lipidic (from 11.2 to 11.6%) diets were formulated using three oil sources: cod liver oil (CLO, as fish oil control); linseed oil (LO, rich in α-linolenic acid, ALA); sesame oil (SO, rich in linoleic acid, LA); a blend of LO and SO (SLO, v:v 1:1); and two pure plant oil diets supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid, DHA (SO + DHA, SOD) or arachidonic acid, ARA (LO + ARA, LOA). Fish were fed the experimental diets to satiation for 42 days. On day 43, they were injected with E.coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 100 μg/fish. Fish plasma and tissues such as head kidney and liver were collected on day 42 and one day after LPS injection (day 44) for humoral immune variables and gene expression analyses, respectively. After 42 days of feeding, no influences of dietary oils were found on fish survival, growth, feed utilization, and humoral immune responses. On the other hand, LPS injection significantly stimulated immune responses and induced an acute inflammation in common carp through an increase of the complement activity and the up-regulation of genes involved in the innate immune system (c2), pro-inflammatory response (tlr-4, tnf-α, il-1, il-6, il-8, and cxc), eicosanoid metabolism (pla2, cox-1, 5-lox, and pge2), and anti-inflammatory response (tgf-β1 and nf-fki). Further, the expression of hsp70 was stimulated by LPS injection. The effects of dietary oil sources were observed after LPS injection, with a significant modification in the expression of almost all candidate genes. The highest pro-inflammatory responses induced by LPS were observed in CLO-fed fish while the mixture of plant oils (SLO) and LC-PUFA-supplemented diets induced significantly higher modulations in anti-inflammatory responses (il-10 and nf-kbi), general stress status (hsp70), and cytoprotection (gpx-1) compared to fish oil control and other pure plant oil groups. In conclusion, the immune response of common carp has been modified by the dietary fat sources. The fish oil-based diet supported an increase of the pro-inflammatory responses while the mixture of plant oil or LC-PUFA supplemented diets improved the anti-inflammatory responses and cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Mai Nguyen
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Belgium; Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Pamphile S Agbohessou
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Belgium; Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture (LHA), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Thu Hang Nguyen
- Pharmacology Department, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nang Thu Tran Thi
- Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Belgium.
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26
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Wangkahart E, Bruneel B, Chantiratikul A, de Jong M, Pakdeenarong N, Subramani PA. Optimum dietary sources and levels of selenium improve growth, antioxidant status, and disease resistance: re-evaluation in a farmed fish species, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:172-182. [PMID: 34958921 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sources and levels of selenium (Se) on juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A completely randomized design involving a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in this study. Organic Se (L-selenomethionine; SeMet) and inorganic Se (sodium selenite; Na2SeO3) were each added to the basal diet at 1, 3 and 5 mg Se/kg. The basal diet, without Se supplementation, was used as a control. There was a total of 7 experimental diets, and each was fed in triplicate to groups of fish with an initial average body weight of 13.5 g for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance was significantly affected by dietary sources and levels of Se (P < 0.05). Fish fed diets supplemented with SeMet of 1.0 mg Se/kg resulted in higher growth performance compared to basal diet (P < 0.05), but Na2SeO3 supplementation did not affect growth. The feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased as dietary sources of SeMet (P < 0.05). Interestingly, fish fed diets supplemented with both forms of Se had lower cholesterol levels than those fed the basal diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary sources and levels of Se significantly increased (P < 0.05) the antioxidant enzyme activities such as lysozyme, catalase, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Dietary sources and levels of Se significantly could enhance the Nile tilapia resistance against Streptococcusagalactiae infection (P < 0.05). Overall, it can be concluded that the inclusion level of 1.0 mg Se/kg of organic Se in the diet is suggested to be the optimal level for the growth performance and immune response of Nile tilapia. Therefore, dietary supplementation with Se is useful for improving growth, antioxidant status, immune response, and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand.
| | - Brecht Bruneel
- Orffa Additives BV., Minervum 7032, 4817, ZL, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Anut Chantiratikul
- Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Matthijs de Jong
- Orffa Additives BV., Minervum 7032, 4817, ZL, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Noppakun Pakdeenarong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
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27
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Murzina SA, Voronin VP, Churova MV, Ruokolainen TR, Shulgina NS, Provotorov DS, Tikhonova OV, Nemova NN. The Effects of Low-Level Helium-Neon (He-Ne) Laser Irradiation on Lipids and Fatty Acids, and the Activity of Energetic Metabolism Enzymes and Proteome in the Blastula Stage and Underyearlings of the Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar: A Novel Approach in Salmonid Restoration Procedures in the North. Biomolecules 2022; 12:133. [PMID: 35053280 PMCID: PMC8774099 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of He-Ne laser irradiation on fishery parameters as well as on biochemical state, including the lipids and fatty acids, the activity of energy metabolism enzymes and the proteome in the blastula stage and in underyearlings of wild Atlantic salmon after irradiation at the cleavage stage/early blastula (considered as the stages when the cell has a high potential for differentiation) was studied. Low mortality rates of eggs were determined during embryogenesis, as well as increased weight gain and lower morality rates of underyearlings in the experimental group. This is confirmed by changes in a number of interrelated indicators of lipid metabolism: a decrease in total lipids content, including diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and the phospholipids content remained unchanged. The embryos in the blastula stage (experimental group) had higher aerobic capacity and an increase in pentose phosphate pathway activity. The proteome profiles of eggs in the blastula stage were 131 proteins, of which 48 were significantly identified. The major protein was found to be phosvitin. The proteomes of underyearlings were represented by 2018 proteins, of which 49 were unique for the control and 39 for the experimental group. He-Ne laser irradiation had a strong effect on the contents of histone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Murzina
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Viktor P Voronin
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Maria V Churova
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana R Ruokolainen
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Natalia S Shulgina
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy S Provotorov
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Olga V Tikhonova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina N Nemova
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
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28
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Leung SW, Cheng PC, Chou CM, Lin C, Kuo YC, Lee YLA, Liu CY, Mi FL, Cheng CH. A novel low-molecular-weight chitosan/gamma-polyglutamic acid polyplexes for nucleic acid delivery into zebrafish larvae. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:384-394. [PMID: 34822829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Many challenges, such as virus infection, extreme weather and long cultivation periods, during the development of fish larvae have been observed, especially in aquaculture. Gene delivery is a useful method to express functional genes to defend against these challengers. However, the methods for fish larvae are insufficient. In our earlier report, low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWCS) showed a strong positive charge and may be useful for polyplex formulation. Herein, we present a simple self-assembly of LMWCS polyplexes (LMWCSrNPs) for gene delivery into zebrafish larvae. Different weight ratios of LMWCS/gamma-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA)/plasmid DNA were analyzed by gel mobility assay. Delivery efficiency determined by green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells showed that delivery efficiency at a weight ratio of 20:8:1 was higher than others. Zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the round shape of the particle size varied. In our earlier reports, IRF9S2C could induce interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression to induce innate immunity in zebrafish and pufferfish. Further delivery of pcDNA3-IRF9S2C-HA plasmid DNA into ZFL cells and zebrafish larvae by LMWCSrNP successfully induced ISG expression. Collectively, LMWCSrNP could be a novel gene delivery system for zebrafish larvae and might be used to improve applications in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wan Leung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80249, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Cheng
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Amy Lee
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC 27704, USA
| | - Cheng-Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Fwu-Long Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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PIAS Factors from Rainbow Trout Control NF-κB- and STAT-Dependent Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312815. [PMID: 34884614 PMCID: PMC8657546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Four ‘protein inhibitors of activated STAT’ (PIAS) control STAT-dependent and NF-κB-dependent immune signalling in humans. The genome of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) contains eight pias genes, which encode at least 14 different pias transcripts that are differentially expressed in a tissue- and cell-specific manner. Pias1a2 was the most strongly expressed variant among the analysed pias genes in most tissues, while pias4a2 was commonly low or absent. Since the knock-out of Pias factors in salmonid CHSE cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology failed, three structurally different Pias protein variants were selected for overexpression studies in CHSE-214 cells. All three factors quenched the basal activity of an NF-κB promoter in a dose-dependent fashion, while the activity of an Mx promoter remained unaffected. Nevertheless, all three overexpressed Pias variants from trout strongly reduced the transcript level of the antiviral Stat-dependent mx gene in ifnγ-expressing CHSE-214 cells. Unlike mx, the overexpressed Pias factors modulated the transcript levels of NF-κB-dependent immune genes (mainly il6, il10, ifna3, and stat4) in ifnγ-expressing CHSE-214 cells in different ways. This dissimilar modulation of expression may result from the physical cooperation of the Pias proteins from trout with differential sets of interacting factors bound to distinct nuclear structures, as reflected by the differential nuclear localisation of trout Pias factors. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the multiplication of pias genes and their sub-functionalisation during salmonid evolution.
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Dietrich MA, Irnazarow I, Adamek M, Jurecka P, Teich L, Rakus K, Kodzik N, Chadzińska M, Steinhagen D, Ciereszko A. 2D-DIGE proteomic analysis of blood plasma reveals changes in immune- and stress-associated proteins following hormonal stimulation of carp males. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:354-368. [PMID: 34560285 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In carp aquaculture, hormonal manipulation with an analog of GnRH (Ovopel) and carp pituitary extract (CPE), which act at different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, is a routine practice to enhance sperm production. Our recent studies revealed that hormonal stimulation of male carp was associated with changes in the seminal plasma proteome, including blood origin proteins. Here, we explored whether Ovopel and CPE could affect the blood proteome of male carp. Both preparations induced increases in semen volume, total number of sperm, and testosterone level. However, hormonal stimulation did not affect the plasma cortisol and glucose levels. A comparative proteomic analysis of carp blood plasma between the control (PBS) and the hormonally treated males revealed significant changes (>1.2 <-1.2-fold change, P < 0.05) in the abundance of 30 spots (14 up- and 16 downregulated) and 44 spots (28 up- and 16 downregulated) upon CPE and Ovopel treatment, respectively. The most significantly affected pathways were acute phase response signaling, the coagulation system, LXR/RXR and FXR/RXR activation; however, there were different sets of proteins in Ovopel- and CPE-treated males. The majority of differentially abundant proteins were involved in the regulation of the immune defense response, the response to stress, and complement activation. Moreover hormonal stimulation with CPE markedly increased the bactericidal activity of blood and both preparations caused profound changes in gene expression in hematopoietic organs. This work is important in understanding the biological processes behind the protein-based response to hormonal stimulation of sperm production in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola A Dietrich
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ilgiz Irnazarow
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrycja Jurecka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - Lukas Teich
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Kodzik
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chadzińska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
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Sharma J, Singh A, Begum A, Krishna VH, Chakrabarti R. The impact of Achyranthes aspera seeds and leaves supplemented feeds on the survival, growth, immune system and specific genes involved in immunostimulation in Clarias batrachus fry challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila in pond conditions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:11-18. [PMID: 34454021 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of Achyranthes aspera seeds and leaves on the immune system of magur Clarias batrachus challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila in pond conditions. Magur fry (0.51 ± 0.032 g) were cultured in hapas set inside a pond and were fed with three feeds. Two experimental feeds FS1 and FS2 were supplemented with 0.5% seeds and leaves of A. aspera, respectively and FC3 was the control one. After 90 days of feeding, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. In FC3, 70% fish died within 48 h of challenge, while 25 and 30% mortality were recorded in FS1 and FL2, respectively. The cumulative mortality rates were 70, 45 and 35% in FC3, FL2 and FS1, respectively. The average weight and specific growth rate of magur were significantly higher in FS1 compared to others. Serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher in FS1 compared to others. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and carbonyl protein levels were significantly lower in FS1 compared to others. In liver and head kidney of FS1 and FS2 fed magur, the iNOS, SOD-C, TNF-α, Cytochrome c, Caspase 9 were up-regulated. Caspase 3 was also significantly up-regulated in FS1 and it was followed by FL2 treatment. A. aspera incorporated feeds improved the immune system of fish and gave protection against bacteria even in the pond conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaiGopal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110 042, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Ajima Begum
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Vungarala Hari Krishna
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak Centre, Lahli, Rohtak, Haryana, 124 411, India
| | - Rina Chakrabarti
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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Simora RMC, Wang W, Coogan M, El Husseini N, Terhune JS, Dunham RA. Effectiveness of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide against Ictalurid Catfish Bacterial Pathogens. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2021; 33:178-189. [PMID: 34121235 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the major goals in aquaculture is to protect fish against infectious diseases as disease outbreaks could lead to economic losses if not controlled. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a class of highly conserved peptides known to possess direct antimicrobial activities against invading pathogens, were evaluated for their ability to protect Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (female Channel Catfish × male Blue Catfish I. furcatus) against infection caused by the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila ML09-119. To identify effective peptides, the minimum inhibitory concentrations against bacterial pathogens Edwardsiella ictaluri S97-773, Edwardsiella piscicida E22-10, A. hydrophila ML09-119, Aeromonas veronii 03X03876, and Flavobacterium columnare GL-001 were determined in vitro. In general and overall, cathelicidins derived from alligator and sea snake exhibited more potent and rapid antimicrobial activities against the tested catfish pathogens as compared to cecropin and pleurocidin AMPs and ampicillin, the antibiotic control. When the peptides (2.5 µg of peptide/g of fish) were injected into fish and simultaneously challenged with A. hydrophila through immersion, increased survival rates in Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish were observed in both cathelicidin (alligator and sea snake) treatments as compared to other peptides and the infected control (P < 0.001) with alligator cathelicidin being the overall best treatment. Bacterial numbers in the kidney and liver of Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish also decreased (P < 0.05) for cathelicidin-injected groups at 24 and 48 h after challenge infection. These results show the potential of cathelicidin to protect catfish against bacterial infections and suggest that an approach overexpressing the peptide in transgenic fish, which is the long-term goal of this research program, may provide a method of decreasing bacterial disease problems in catfish as delivering the peptides via individual injection or feeding would not be economically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda Mae C Simora
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, 5023, Philippines
| | - Wenwen Wang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Michael Coogan
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Nour El Husseini
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Jeffery S Terhune
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Rex A Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
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Effect of Dietary Sugarcane Bagasse Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Immune and Antioxidant-Related Gene Expressions of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Cultured under Biofloc System. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072035. [PMID: 34359162 PMCID: PMC8300095 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Supplementation of agriculture by-product as functional feed additives in combination with biofloc technology (a sustainable and environmentally friendly technology) has recently gained much attention in aquaculture. In the present study, sugarcane bagasse powder can possibly be applied as a feed additive to improve growth performance, immune response, and immune and antioxidant-related gene expression. Abstract We investigated, herein, the effects of dietary inclusion of sugarcane bagasse powder (SB) on Nile tilapia development, mucosal and serum immunities, and relative immune and antioxidant genes. Fish (15.12 ± 0.04 g) were provided a basal diet (SB0) or basal diet incorporated with SB at 10 (SB10), 20 (SB20), 40 (SB40), or 80 (SB80) g kg−1 for 8 weeks. Our results demonstrated that the dietary incorporation of sugarcane bagasse powder (SB) at 20 and 40 g kg−1 significantly ameliorated FW, WG, and SGR as opposed to fish fed basal, SB10, and SB80 diets. However, no significant changes in FCR and survivability were observed between the SB supplemented diets and the control (basal diet). The mucosal immunity exhibited significantly higher SMLA and SMPA activities (p < 0.005) in fish treated with SB diets after eight weeks. The highest SMLA and SMPA levels were recorded in fish fed SB80 followed by SB20, SB40, and SB10, respectively. For serum immunity, fish fed SB incorporated diets significantly ameliorated SL and RB levels (p < 0.05) compared with the control. However, SP was not affected by the inclusion of SB in any diet throughout the experiment. The expression of IL1, IL8, LBP, GSTa, GPX, and GSR genes in the fish liver was significantly increased in fish fed the SB20 and SB10 diets relative to the basal diet fed fish (p < 0.05); whereas only the IL8, LBP, and GPX genes in the intestines were substantially augmented via the SB20 and SB80 diets (p < 0.05). IL1 and GSR were not influenced by the SB incorporated diets (p > 0.05). In summary, sugarcane bagasse powder (SB) may be applied as a feed additive to improve growth performance, immune response, and immune and antioxidant-related gene expression in Nile tilapia.
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Lim KC, Yusoff FM, Shariff M, Kamarudin MS. Dietary astaxanthin augments disease resistance of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790), against Vibrio alginolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:90-101. [PMID: 33838221 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This investigation describes the impacts of dietary provisioning with astaxanthin on hemato-biochemistry, non-specific immunity, and disease resistance of the Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, against the virulent Vibrio alginolyticus; with specific reference to dose-response associations and variations over different post-infection periods (0-, 7-, and 14-day). Triplicate groups of fish weighing 28 g, on average, were fed various diets (C, the control or astaxanthin-free; AXT50, 50 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet; AXT100, 100 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet; and AXT150, 150 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet) for 90 days and subsequently challenged with V. alginolyticus at the end of the feeding period. Experimental infection unveiled that supplemented fish demonstrated significant improvements (P < 0.05) of hematological parameters (white blood cell [WBC] and red blood cell [RBC] counts, and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels) when fed diets with elevating supplemental doses of astaxanthin through distinct post-infection periods (0-, 7-, and 14-day). Furthermore, the administration of dietary astaxanthin at escalating levels markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) the serum biochemical profile (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], glucose, cortisol, cholesterol, and triglyceride contents) of challenged fish, resulting in better welfare. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) contents of serum total protein were observed in supplemented fish, as opposed to the control. Additionally, immunological defense mechanisms (lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, and total serum immunoglobulin) of challenged fish were pronouncedly elicited (P < 0.05) following the ingestion of astaxanthin. Besides, the supplementation with dietary astaxanthin significantly augmented (P < 0.05) the post-challenge survival rate of fish. Collectively, the results manifest that supplementary feeding of astaxanthin is effective in reinforcing fish immunocompetence and disease resistance against V. alginolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Chin Lim
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Shariff
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Salleh Kamarudin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Liao Z, Lin D, Jia J, Cai R, Yu Y, Li W. Innate Immune Response to Fasting and Refeeding in the Zebrafish Kidney. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060825. [PMID: 34205864 PMCID: PMC8229452 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals acquire nutrients and energy through feeding to achieve a balance between growth and organismal health. When there is a change in nutrient acquisition, the state of growth changes and may also cause changes in the intrinsic immune system. Compensatory growth (CG), a specific growth phenomenon, involves the question of whether changes in growth can be accompanied by changes in innate immunity. The zebrafish (Danio rerio), a well-known fish model organism, can serve as a suitable model. In this study, the zebrafish underwent 3 weeks of fasting and refeeding for 3 to 7 day periods. It was found that CG could be achieved in zebrafish. Zebrafish susceptibility to Streptococcus agalactiae increased after starvation. In addition, the amount of melano-macrophage centers increased after fasting and the proportion of injured tubules increased after refeeding for 3 and 5 days, respectively. Furthermore, the kidneys of zebrafish suffering from starvation were under oxidative stress, and the activity of several antioxidant enzymes increased after starvation, including catalase, glutathione peroxidases and superoxide dismutase. Innate immune parameters were influenced by starvation. Additionally, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme increased after starvation. The mRNA expression of immune-related genes like il-1β was elevated to a different extent after fasting with or without lipopolysaccharides (LPS) challenge. This study showed that the function of the innate immune system in zebrafish could be influenced by nutrition status.
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Zhai B, Li X, Lin C, Yan P, Zhao Q, Li E. Proteomic analysis of hemocyte reveals the immune regulatory mechanisms after the injection of corticosteroid-releasing hormone in mud crab Scylla Paramamosain. J Proteomics 2021; 242:104238. [PMID: 33930554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroid-releasing hormone (CRH) is a crucial neuroendocrine-immune factor regulating the immune response of Scylla paramamosain. To understand the regulatory mechanisms of CRH in S. paramamosain, the hemolymph of S. paramamosain with injection of CRH (1.5 ng/crab) at 24 h were chosen to perform proteomic analysis in this study. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) method was used to validate the accuracy of proteomic data at 24 h after CRH injection. The proteomic data showed that 255 DEPs were identified, in which 231 and 24 were up- or down-regulated, respectively. Besides, the results of enriched pathways showed that the DEPs were involved in signaling pathways, cellular immunity, humoral immunity and the response of immune related processes. These results revealed that CRH promoted the activation of signal transduction, regulated immune systems and antioxidation, and enhanced the immune related processes (such as protein synthesis, protein transport, carbohydrate mobilization and energy redistribution). These findings will benefit to foster the understanding on the effects of glucocorticoids on neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) networks of crustacean, and supply a substantial material and foundation for further researching of the NEI response. SIGNIFICANCE: Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a 41-amino acid neuropeptide and has been preliminarily studied in aquatic animals. CRH can regulate many important physiological activities comprising protein synthesis, energy metabolism, growth, breeding and behavior in fish, which play an important roles in neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) regulatory network of fish. The neuroendocrine system of crustacean has a primary research, that inspired by fish NEI network. Despite the research on the neuroendocrine system in crustacean has rapidly increased in recent years, our understanding of the regulation between neuroendocrine system and immune system in crustacean is still limited. The research on the strategy of NEI network in crustaceans becomes a significant issue. In the present study, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology approach were applied to examine the NEI network of Scylla Paramamosain. control group and treatment group (CRH: 1.5 ng/crab) were settled for the iTRAQ experiment, and sampled at 24 h after CRH injection. The study aimed to gain knowledge on the immune response in Scylla Paramamosain after CRH injection and identify related differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of the crab. The results of this study provide a preliminary resource for analysis the immune mechanism for crustaceans. In general, our work represents the first report of the utilization of the iTRAQ proteomics method for the study of NEI regulatory network in Scylla Paramamosain after CRH injection. We identified a number of DEPs involved in diverse pathways including immune signaling pathways, cellular immunity, humoral immunity, immune related process. These results demonstrated a very complex network involving immune and multiple related metabolic pathways in hemocytes of Scylla Paramamosain and will be of great value in understanding the crab neuroendocrine-immune immune mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Peiyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Erchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
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Domínguez-Maqueda M, Cerezo IM, Tapia-Paniagua ST, De La Banda IG, Moreno-Ventas X, Moriñigo MÁ, Balebona MC. A Tentative Study of the Effects of Heat-Inactivation of the Probiotic Strain Shewanella putrefaciens Ppd11 on Senegalese Sole ( Solea senegalensis) Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Response. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040808. [PMID: 33921253 PMCID: PMC8070671 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about safety, applicability and functionality associated with live probiotic cells have led to consideration of the use of non-viable microorganisms, known as paraprobiotics. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary administration of heat-inactivated cells of the probiotic strain Shewanella putrefaciens Ppd11 on the intestinal microbiota and immune gene transcription in Solea senegalensis. Results obtained were evaluated and compared to those described after feeding with viable Pdp11 cells. S. senegalensis specimens were fed with basal (control) diet or supplemented with live or heat inactivated (60 °C, 1 h) probiotics diets for 45 days. Growth improvement was observed in the group receiving live probiotics compared to the control group, but not after feeding with a probiotic heat-inactivated diet. Regarding immune gene transcription, no changes were observed for tnfα, il-6, lys-c1, c7, hsp70, and hsp90aa in the intestinal samples based on the diet. On the contrary, hsp90ab, gp96, cd4, cd8, il-1β, and c3 transcription were modulated after probiotic supplementation, though no differences between viable and heat-inactivated probiotic supplemented diets were observed. Modulation of intestinal microbiota showed remarkable differences based on the viability of the probiotics. Thus, higher diversity in fish fed with live probiotic cells, jointly with increased Mycoplasmataceae and Spirochaetaceae to the detriment of Brevinemataceae, was detected. However, microbiota of fish receiving heat-inactivated probiotic cells showed decreased Mycoplasmataceae and increased Brevinemataceae and Vibrio genus abundance. In short, the results obtained indicate that the viable state of Pdp11 probiotic cells affects growth performance and modulation of S. senegalensis intestinal microbiota. On the contrary, minor changes were detected in the intestinal immune response, being similar for fish receiving both, viable and inactivated probiotic cell supplemented diets, when compared to the control diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Domínguez-Maqueda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.M.C.); (S.T.T.-P.); (M.Á.M.); (M.C.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Isabel M. Cerezo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.M.C.); (S.T.T.-P.); (M.Á.M.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Silvana Teresa Tapia-Paniagua
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.M.C.); (S.T.T.-P.); (M.Á.M.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Inés García De La Banda
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of Santander, 39080 Santander, Spain;
| | - Xabier Moreno-Ventas
- Ecological Area of Water and Environmental Sciences and Technics, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
| | - Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.M.C.); (S.T.T.-P.); (M.Á.M.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Maria Carmen Balebona
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.M.C.); (S.T.T.-P.); (M.Á.M.); (M.C.B.)
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Seibel H, Baßmann B, Rebl A. Blood Will Tell: What Hematological Analyses Can Reveal About Fish Welfare. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:616955. [PMID: 33860003 PMCID: PMC8042153 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.616955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood analyses provide substantial information about the physiological aspects of animal welfare assessment, including the activation status of the neuroendocrine and immune system, acute and long-term impacts due to adverse husbandry conditions, potential diseases, and genetic predispositions. However, fish blood is still not routinely analyzed in research or aquaculture for the assessment of health and/or welfare. Over the years, the investigative techniques have evolved from antibody-based or PCR-based single-parameter analyses to now include transcriptomic, metabolomic, and proteomic approaches and from hematological observations to fluorescence-activated blood cell sorting in high-throughput modes. The range of testing techniques established for blood is now broader than for any other biogenic test material. Evaluation of the particular characteristics of fish blood, such as its cell composition, the nucleation of distinct blood cells, or the multiple isoforms of certain immune factors, requires adapted protocols and careful attention to the experimental designs and interpretation of the data. Analyses of fish blood can provide an integrated picture of the endocrine, immunological, reproductive, and genetic functions under defined environmental conditions and treatments. Therefore, the scarcity of high-throughput approaches using fish blood as a test material for fish physiology studies is surprising. This review summarizes the wide range of techniques that allow monitoring of informative fish blood parameters that are modulated by different stressors, conditions, and/or treatments. We provide a compact overview of several simple plasma tests and of multiparametric analyses of fish blood, and we discuss their potential use in the assessment of fish welfare and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Seibel
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
- Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH (GMA), Büsum, Germany
| | - Björn Baßmann
- Department of Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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Plasma Treatment of Fish Cells: The Importance of Defining Cell Culture Conditions in Comparative Studies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11062534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study provides the fundamental results for the treatment of marine organisms with cold atmospheric pressure plasma. In farmed fish, skin lesions may occur as a result of intensive fish farming. Cold atmospheric plasma offers promising medical potential in wound healing processes. Since the underlying plasma-mediated mechanisms at the physical and cellular level are yet to be fully understood, we investigated the sensitivity of three fish cell lines to plasma treatment in comparison with mammalian cells. We varied (I) cell density, (II) culture medium, and (III) pyruvate concentration in the medium as experimental parameters. Depending on the experimental setup, the plasma treatment affected the viability of the different cell lines to varying degrees. We conclude that it is mandatory to use similar cell densities and an identical medium, or at least a medium with identical antioxidant capacity, when studying plasma effects on different cell lines. Altogether, fish cells showed a higher sensitivity towards plasma treatment than mammalian cells in most of our setups. These results should increase the understanding of the future treatment of fish.
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Supplementation of tuna hydrolysate and insect larvae improves fishmeal replacement efficacy of poultry by-product in Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) juveniles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4997. [PMID: 33654188 PMCID: PMC7925588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of feeding different levels of poultry by-product meal (PBM) replacing fishmeal (FM) protein, supplemented with tuna hydrolysate (TH) and Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae, on the growth, fillet quality, histological traits, immune status, oxidative biomarker levels and gut microbiota of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer were investigated for six weeks. Barramundi were fed four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets in which a FM based diet was used as the Control diet (Diet1) and compared with other non-FM diets containing 80%, 85% and 90% PBM along with the concurrent supplementation of 5% and/or 10% TH and HI larvae meal. These treatment diets were designated as 80PBM10TH+10HI (Diet2), 85PBM5TH+10HI (Diet3) and 90PBM5TH+5HI (Diet4). The growth and condition factor of fish fed 80PBM10TH+10HI and 85PBM5TH+10HI were significantly higher than the Control. Total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid retention in the fish muscle increased in fish fed PBM-based diets, supplemented with TH and HI larvae meal, with no adverse effect on post-harvest characteristics such as texture and colour of fish fillets. Improvement in serum total bilirubin and total protein content was found in all fish fed TH and HI larvae supplemented PBM. Similarly, immune response showed a significant increase in fish fed non-FM test diets than the Control. In the distal intestine, supplementation of any quantities of TH and HI larvae to PBM led to an increase in the microvilli density and neutral mucins while the number of goblet cells in the skin were unchanged. Liver, kidney, and spleen histology demonstrated a normal structure with no obvious changes in response to all test diets. Bacterial diversity increased in fish fed Diets 2 and 3 with a high abundance of Proteobacteria in Diets 1 and 4 and Firmicutes in Diets 2 and 3. The fish on test diets showed a lower abundance of genus Vibrio. Fish fed TH and HI larvae supplemented PBM diets showed lower infection rate to V. harveyi than the Control. Collectively, concurrent supplementation of TH and HI larvae could improve the quality of PBM diets with positive effects on growth, fillet quality, intestinal health, immunity, and disease resistance.
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Nguyen TM, Mandiki SNM, Salomon JMAJ, Baruti JB, Thi NTT, Nguyen TH, Nhu TQ, Kestemont P. Pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of common carp Cyprinus carpio head kidney leukocytes to E.coli LPS as modified by different dietary plant oils. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103828. [PMID: 32798494 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dietary lipids could modify fatty acid (FA) composition in fish tissues. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are able to modulate the immune status in fish through an inflammatory process but their availability may be limited when fish are exclusively fed plant oils. This study was conducted to evaluate how to maximise the utilisation of dietary plant oil for an efficient inflammatory response in common carp head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) exposed to a gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS). HKLs were isolated from fish fed cod liver oil (CLO), linseed oil (LO), sesame oil (SO) a blend of SO and LO (SLO, v:v 1:1), and these plant oil diets supplemented with DHA (SO + DHA, SOD) or ARA (LO + ARA, LOA) for 6 weeks. Cells were then exposed to LPS at a dose of 10 μg/mL for 4 and 24 h. Peroxidase activity, total Ig, and NO levels were measured in the culture medium, while cells were used for expression analyses of candidate genes in pattern recognition (tlr-4), eicosanoid metabolism (pge2, 5-lox), pro-inflammatory (il-1, il-6, il-8, tnf-α, nf-kb, inos, cxc), anti-inflammatory (il-10, nf-kbi, tgf-β1) responses, and cytoprotective (gpx-1, prdx-3) processes. Results showed that LPS induced significantly inflammatory responses, evidenced by a high level of almost all the targeted humoral immune parameters and/or gene expression. Expression of inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators was upregulated after 4 h-LPS exposure and reverted to basal levels after 24 h. HKLs from fish fed SLO, LOA, or SOD diet exhibited a more efficient regulation of acute inflammatory processes than those fed CLO diet. The results indicate that the immune competence of fish fed plant oil mixture was comparable to the one of fish fed fish oil diet. Moreover, the supplementation of ARA or DHA induced similar immunomodulation in common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Mai Nguyen
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Syaghalirwa N M Mandiki
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean M A J Salomon
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Joel Bondekwe Baruti
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Nang Thu Tran Thi
- Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thu Hang Nguyen
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Pharmacology Department, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Truong Quynh Nhu
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City, Viet Nam
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
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Najafpour B, Cardoso JCR, Canário AVM, Power DM. Specific Evolution and Gene Family Expansion of Complement 3 and Regulatory Factor H in Fish. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568631. [PMID: 33381109 PMCID: PMC7768046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system comprises a large family of plasma proteins that play a central role in innate and adaptive immunity. To better understand the evolution of the complement system in vertebrates and the contribution of complement to fish immunity comprehensive in silico and expression analysis of the gene repertoire was made. Particular attention was given to C3 and the evolutionary related proteins C4 and C5 and to one of the main regulatory factors of C3b, factor H (Cfh). Phylogenetic and gene linkage analysis confirmed the standing hypothesis that the ancestral c3/c4/c5 gene duplicated early. The duplication of C3 (C3.1 and C3.2) and C4 (C4.1 and C4.2) was likely a consequence of the (1R and 2R) genome tetraploidization events at the origin of the vertebrates. In fish, gene number was not conserved and multiple c3 and cfh sequence related genes were encountered, and phylogenetic analysis of each gene generated two main clusters. Duplication of c3 and cfh genes occurred across the teleosts in a species-specific manner. In common, with other immune gene families the c3 gene expansion in fish emerged through a process of tandem gene duplication. Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), had nine c3 gene transcripts highly expressed in liver although as reported in other fish, extra-hepatic expression also occurs. Differences in the sequence and protein domains of the nine deduced C3 proteins in the gilthead sea bream and the presence of specific cysteine and N-glycosylation residues within each isoform was indicative of functional diversity associated with structure. The diversity of C3 and other complement proteins as well as Cfh in teleosts suggests they may have an enhanced capacity to activate complement through direct interaction of C3 isoforms with pathogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Najafpour
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Adelino V M Canário
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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The synergistic interaction of thermal stress coupled with overstocking strongly modulates the transcriptomic activity and immune capacity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14913. [PMID: 32913268 PMCID: PMC7483466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to identify and evaluate informative indicators for the welfare of rainbow trout exposed to (A) a water temperature of 27 °C and (B) a stocking density of 100 kg/m3 combined with a temperature of 27 °C. The spleen-somatic and condition index, haematocrit and the concentrations of haemoglobin, plasma cortisol and glucose revealed non-significant differences between the two stress groups and the reference group 8 days after the onset of the experiments. The transcript abundance of almost 1,500 genes was modulated at least twofold in in the spleen of rainbow trout exposed to a critical temperature alone or a critical temperature combined with crowding as compared to the reference fish. The number of differentially expressed genes was four times higher in trout that were simultaneously challenged with high temperature and crowding, compared to trout challenged with high temperature alone. Based on these sets of differentially expressed genes, we identified unique and common tissue- and stress type-specific pathways. Furthermore, our subsequent immunologic analyses revealed reduced bactericidal and inflammatory activity and a significantly altered blood-cell composition in challenged versus non-challenged rainbow trout. Altogether, our data demonstrate that heat and overstocking exert synergistic effects on the rainbow trout’s physiology, especially on the immune system.
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Comparative eye and liver differentially expressed genes reveal monochromatic vision and cancer resistance in the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Genomics 2020; 112:4817-4826. [PMID: 32890699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus is an oceanic pelagic shark found worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters. However, the understanding of its biology at molecular level is still incipient. We sequenced the messenger RNA isolated from eye and liver tissues. De novo transcriptome yielded a total of 705,940 transcripts. A total of 3774 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs), with 1612 in the eye and 2162 in the liver. Most DEGs in the eye were related to structural and signaling functions, including nonocular and ocular opsin genes, whereas nine out of ten most overexpressed genes in the liver were related to tumor suppression, wound healing, and human diseases. Furthermore, DEGs findings provide insights on the monochromatic shark vision and a repertory of cancer-related genes, which may be insightful to elucidate shark resistance to cancer. Therefore, our results provide valuable sequence resources for future functional and population studies.
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Andresen AMS, Boudinot P, Gjøen T. Kinetics of transcriptional response against poly (I:C) and infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) in Atlantic salmon kidney (ASK) cell line. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 110:103716. [PMID: 32360383 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants induce host innate immune responses improving long-lasting adaptive immunity against vaccine antigens. In vitro models can be used to compare these responses between adjuvants and the infection targeted by the vaccine. We utilized transcriptomic profiling of an Atlantic salmon cell line to compare innate immune responses against ISAV and an experimental viral vaccine adjuvant: poly (I:C). Induction of interferon and interferon induced genes were observed after both treatments, but often with different amplitude and kinetics. Using KEGG ortholog database and available software from Bioconductor we could specify a complete bioinformatic pipeline for analysis of transcriptomic data from Atlantic salmon, a feature not previously available. We have identified important differences in the transcriptional profile of Atlantic salmon cells exposed to viral infection and a viral vaccine adjuvant candidate, poly (I:C). This report increases our knowledge of viral host-pathogen interaction in salmon and to which extent these can be mimicked by adjuvant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tor Gjøen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Zhang J, Qi J, Shi F, Pan H, Liu M, Tian R, Geng Y, Li H, Qu Y, Chen J, Seim I, Li M. Insights into the Evolution of Neoteny from the Genome of the Asian Icefish Protosalanx chinensis. iScience 2020; 23:101267. [PMID: 32593955 PMCID: PMC7327861 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salangids, known as Asian icefishes, represent a peculiar radiation within the bony fish order Protacanthopterygii where adult fish retain larval characteristics such as transparent and miniaturized bodies and a cartilaginous endoskeleton into adulthood. Here, we report a de novo genome of Protosalanx chinensis, the most widely distributed salangid lineage. The P. chinensis genome assembly is more contiguous and complete than a previous assembly. We estimate that P. chinensis, salmons, trouts, and pikes diverged from a common ancestor 185 million years ago. A juxtaposition with other fish genomes revealed loss of the genes encoding ectodysplasin-A receptor (EDAR), SCPP1, and four Hox proteins and likely lack of canonical fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) function. We also report genomic variations of P. chinensis possibly reflecting the immune system repertoire of a species with a larval phenotype in sexually mature individuals. The new Asian icefish reference genome provides a solid foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jiwei Qi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fanglei Shi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huijuan Pan
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yuepan Geng
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Huaying Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yujie Qu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource, Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Inge Seim
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Ming Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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Mastrochirico-Filho VA, Hata ME, Kuradomi RY, de Freitas MV, Ariede RB, Pinheiro DG, Robledo D, Houston R, Hashimoto DT. Transcriptome Profiling of Pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus) Challenged With Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila: Inference on Immune Gene Response. Front Genet 2020; 11:604. [PMID: 32582300 PMCID: PMC7295981 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is a Neotropical fish of major importance for South American aquaculture. Septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria is currently considered a substantial threat for pacu aquaculture that have provoked infectious disease outbreaks with high economic losses. The understanding of molecular aspects on progress of A. hydrophila infection and pacu immune response is scarce, which have limited the development of genomic selection for resistance to this infection. The present study aimed to generate information on transcriptome of pacu in face of A. hydrophila infection, and compare the transcriptomic responses between two groups of time-series belonging to a disease resistance challenge, peak mortality (HM) and mortality plateau (PM) groups of individuals. Nine RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) libraries were prepared from liver tissue of challenged individuals, generating ∼160 million 150 bp pair-end reads. After quality trimming/cleanup, these reads were assembled de novo generating 211,259 contigs. When the expression of genes from individuals of HM group were compared to individuals from control group, a total of 4,413 differentially expressed transcripts were found (2,000 upregulated and 2,413 downregulated candidate genes). Additionally, 433 transcripts were differentially expressed when individuals from MP group were compared with those in the control group (155 upregulated and 278 downregulated candidate genes). The resulting differentially expressed transcripts were clustered into the following functional categories: cytokines and signaling, epithelial protection, antigen processing and presentation, apoptosis, phagocytosis, complement system cascades and pattern recognition receptors. The proposed results revealing relevant differential gene expression on HM and PM groups which will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular defense mechanisms during A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milene Elissa Hata
- Aquaculture Center, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Guariz Pinheiro
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Houston
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Raposo de Magalhães C, Schrama D, Farinha AP, Revets D, Kuehn A, Planchon S, Rodrigues PM, Cerqueira M. Protein changes as robust signatures of fish chronic stress: a proteomics approach to fish welfare research. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:309. [PMID: 32306896 PMCID: PMC7168993 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaculture is a fast-growing industry and therefore welfare and environmental impact have become of utmost importance. Preventing stress associated to common aquaculture practices and optimizing the fish stress response by quantification of the stress level, are important steps towards the improvement of welfare standards. Stress is characterized by a cascade of physiological responses that, in-turn, induce further changes at the whole-animal level. These can either increase fitness or impair welfare. Nevertheless, monitorization of this dynamic process has, up until now, relied on indicators that are only a snapshot of the stress level experienced. Promising technological tools, such as proteomics, allow an unbiased approach for the discovery of potential biomarkers for stress monitoring. Within this scope, using Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) as a model, three chronic stress conditions, namely overcrowding, handling and hypoxia, were employed to evaluate the potential of the fish protein-based adaptations as reliable signatures of chronic stress, in contrast with the commonly used hormonal and metabolic indicators. RESULTS A broad spectrum of biological variation regarding cortisol and glucose levels was observed, the values of which rose higher in net-handled fish. In this sense, a potential pattern of stressor-specificity was clear, as the level of response varied markedly between a persistent (crowding) and a repetitive stressor (handling). Gel-based proteomics analysis of the plasma proteome also revealed that net-handled fish had the highest number of differential proteins, compared to the other trials. Mass spectrometric analysis, followed by gene ontology enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses, characterized those as humoral components of the innate immune system and key elements of the response to stimulus. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study represents the first screening of more reliable signatures of physiological adaptation to chronic stress in fish, allowing the future development of novel biomarker models to monitor fish welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Raposo de Magalhães
- Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Denise Schrama
- Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Farinha
- Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Dominique Revets
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Infection and Immunity, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Infection and Immunity, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sébastien Planchon
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pedro Miguel Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco Cerqueira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Characterization of Sialic Acid-Binding Immunoglobulin-Type Lectins in Fish Reveals Teleost-Specific Structures and Expression Patterns. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040836. [PMID: 32244286 PMCID: PMC7226832 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular glycocalyx of vertebrates is frequently decorated with sialic acid residues. These sialylated structures are recognized by sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) of immune cells, which modulate their responsiveness. Fifteen Siglecs are known to be expressed in humans, but only four Siglecs are regularly present in fish: Siglec1, CD22, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and Siglec15. While several studies have dealt with the physiological roles of these four Siglecs in mammals, little is known about Siglecs in fish. In the present manuscript, the expression landscapes of these Siglecs were determined in the two salmonid species Oncorhynchus mykiss and Coregonus maraena and in the percid fish Sander lucioperca. This gene-expression profiling revealed that the expression of MAG is not restricted to neuronal cells but is detectable in all analyzed blood cells, including erythrocytes. The teleostean MAG contains the inhibitory motif ITIM; therefore, an additional immunomodulatory function of MAG is likely to be present in fish. Besides MAG, Siglec1, CD22, and Siglec15 were also expressed in all analyzed blood cell populations. Interestingly, the expression profiles of genes encoding Siglecs and particular associated enzymes changed in a gene- and tissue-specific manner when Coregonus maraena was exposed to handling stress. Thus, the obtained data indicate once more that stress directly affects immune-associated processes.
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Wang J, Hong W, Zhu F. The role of Astakine in Scylla paramamosain against Vibrio alginolyticus and white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:236-244. [PMID: 31953197 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Astakine is a crucial factor in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and is directly involved in hematopoiesis in crustaceans. To assess the role of Astakine in the innate immune system of Scylla paramamosain, the immune responses in healthy and Astakine-inhibited S. paramamosain were investigated in the present study. The RNA transcripts of Astakine were widely distributed in all examined tissues, with significantly higher levels of expression in hemocytes of both healthy and challenged S. paramamosain with Vibrio alginolyticus and WSSV. When Astakine was knocked down by RNA interference technology, immune-related genes, including Janus kinase, prophenoloxidase, hemocyanin, β-actin, myosin II essential light chain-like protein, signal transducer and activator of transcription, Relish, and C-type-lectin, were significantly down-regulated in hemocytes. The levels of phenoloxidaseactivity (PO), total hemocyte counts (THC) and hemocyte proliferation decreased significantly in hemocytes of Astakine-dsRNA treated S. paramamosain. After being challenged with V. alginolyticus and WSSV, the THC decreased significantly and the levels of hemocyte apoptosis increased significantly in Astakine-dsRNA treated S. paramamosain in comparison with those in infected groups without Astakine-dsRNA treatment. After being challenged with WSSV, the WSSV copies were significantly lower in Astakine-dsRNA treated groups than those in the WSSV infection group, which suggested that knockdown of Astakine was not conductive to WSSV replication and this might be associated with the decreasing THC. The results of survival analysis showed that the survival rate of V. alginolyticus or WSSV infected S. paramamosain decreased significantly following Astakine knockdown. These results suggested that RNA interference of Astakine might weaken the resistance of S. paramamosain to V. alginolyticus or WSSV infection. The weaken resistivity after knockdown Astakine might be related to the changes of important immune-related gene expression, THC, PO activity, proliferation and apoptosis of hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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