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Miller WR, Arias CA. ESKAPE pathogens: antimicrobial resistance, epidemiology, clinical impact and therapeutics. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01054-w. [PMID: 38831030 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01054-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance and a dwindling antimicrobial pipeline have been recognized as emerging threats to public health. The ESKAPE pathogens - Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. - were initially identified as critical multidrug-resistant bacteria for which effective therapies were rapidly needed. Now, entering the third decade of the twenty-first century, and despite the introduction of several new antibiotics and antibiotic adjuvants, such as novel β-lactamase inhibitors, these organisms continue to represent major therapeutic challenges. These bacteria share several key biological features, including adaptations for survival in the modern health-care setting, diverse methods for acquiring resistance determinants and the dissemination of successful high-risk clones around the world. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, novel tools to track and combat the spread of these organisms have rapidly evolved, as well as renewed interest in non-traditional antibiotic approaches. In this Review, we explore the current epidemiology and clinical impact of this important group of bacterial pathogens and discuss relevant mechanisms of resistance to recently introduced antibiotics that affect their use in clinical settings. Furthermore, we discuss emerging therapeutic strategies needed for effective patient care in the era of widespread antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cesar A Arias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Joshi AA, Patil RH. Metal nanoparticles as inhibitors of enzymes and toxins of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2023; 2:294-307. [PMID: 38205183 PMCID: PMC10774769 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an aerobic Gram-positive spherical bacterium known to cause a broad range of infections worldwide. It is a major cause of infective skin and soft infections and severe and life-threatening conditions, such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and endocarditis. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of S aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA), has become a significant concern in the healthcare community. Antibiotic-resistant S aureus is commonly acquired in hospitals and long-term care facilities. It often affects patients with weakened immune systems, those undergoing invasive medical procedures, or those who have been hospitalized for extended periods. In the US, S aureus is known to cause potentially fatal illnesses, such as toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and acute-onset toxic shock syndrome (TSS), which are characterized by fever and hypotension. It develops resistance to antibiotics through several mechanisms, such as the production of enzymes that inactivate antibiotics, target site modification, efflux pumps, and plasmid-mediated resistance. Therefore, preventing the spread of drug-resistant S aureus is needed, and there is an urgent need to explore novel approaches in the development of anti-staphylococcal agents. This article reviews the principal infections caused by S aureus, major virulence factors, mechanisms of resistance development, and nanotechnology-based solutions for the control of drug-resistant S aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta A. Joshi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Ravindra H. Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
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de Cock MP, de Vries A, Fonville M, Esser HJ, Mehl C, Ulrich RG, Joeres M, Hoffmann D, Eisenberg T, Schmidt K, Hulst M, van der Poel WHM, Sprong H, Maas M. Increased rat-borne zoonotic disease hazard in greener urban areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165069. [PMID: 37392874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Urban greening has benefits for both human and environmental health. However, urban greening might also have negative effects as the abundance of wild rats, which can host and spread a great diversity of zoonotic pathogens, increases with urban greenness. Studies on the effect of urban greening on rat-borne zoonotic pathogens are currently unavailable. Therefore, we investigated how urban greenness is associated with rat-borne zoonotic pathogen prevalence and diversity, and translated this to human disease hazard. We screened 412 wild rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) from three cities in the Netherlands for 18 different zoonotic pathogens: Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Spiroplasma spp., Streptobacillus moniliformis, Coxiella burnetii, Salmonella spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli, rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV), Seoul orthohantavirus, Cowpox virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia spp. We modelled the relationships between pathogen prevalence and diversity and urban greenness. We detected 13 different zoonotic pathogens. Rats from greener urban areas had a significantly higher prevalence of Bartonella spp. and Borrelia spp., and a significantly lower prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and ratHEV. Rat age was positively correlated with pathogen diversity while greenness was not related to pathogen diversity. Additionally, Bartonella spp. occurrence was positively correlated with that of Leptospira spp., Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia spp. occurrence was also positively correlated with that of Rickettsia spp. Our results show an increased rat-borne zoonotic disease hazard in greener urban areas, which for most pathogens was driven by the increase in rat abundance rather than pathogen prevalence. This highlights the importance of keeping rat densities low and investigating the effects of urban greening on the exposure to zoonotic pathogens in order to make informed decisions and to take appropriate countermeasures preventing zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke P de Cock
- Centre for Infectious diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, the Netherlands.
| | - Ankje de Vries
- Centre for Infectious diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Manoj Fonville
- Centre for Infectious diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Helen J Esser
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, the Netherlands.
| | - Calvin Mehl
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Germany; Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Greifswald-Insel Riems, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Germany; Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Greifswald-Insel Riems, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
| | - Maike Joeres
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Hessian State Laboratory, Giessen, Hessen, Germany.
| | - Katja Schmidt
- Microbiological Diagnostics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Hulst
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, Flevoland, the Netherlands.
| | - Wim H M van der Poel
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, the Netherlands; Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, Flevoland, the Netherlands.
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Miriam Maas
- Centre for Infectious diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Liu Y, Liu H, Yu G, Sun W, Aizaz M, Yang G, Chen L. One-tube RPA-CRISPR Cas12a/Cas13a rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341757. [PMID: 37709482 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
At present, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has caused a serious impact on a global scale. The infection and carrier rate of MRSA in the community is increasing year by year, but there is still no convenient detection system for on-site rapid detection. It is very important to select a rapid detection system to accurately and quickly detect patients infected with MRSA. We have developed a high-efficient single-tube detection platform based on RPA and CRISPR reaction system to detect the genes of mecA and clfA of MRSA. Using this detection platform, visual MRSA detection could be achieved in 30 min. It was observed that this detection platform was capable to successfully detect the target genomic as low as 5 copies μL-1, and the reaction was completed in one step without opening the lid. This detection platform could only detect MRSA, but not other common clinical pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus xylosus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus warneri, indicated its satisfactory selectivity for MRSA without interference from other bacteria. The results of clinical samples show that the platform has outstanding advantages in sensitivity, specificity and identification of methicillin resistance. The entire reaction can be completed in one step in the handheld instrument without opening the cover, avoiding aerosol pollution during the reaction. The detection platform combined with handheld instruments will have great application potential in point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guanliu Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Muhammad Aizaz
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Battaglia M, Garrett-Sinha LA. Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus aureus as commensals and pathogens on murine skin. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:18. [PMID: 37533118 PMCID: PMC10394794 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin ulcers, skin dermatitis and skin infections are common phenomena in colonies of laboratory mice and are often found at increased prevalence in certain immunocompromised strains. While in many cases these skin conditions are mild, in other cases they can be severe and lead to animal morbidity. Furthermore, the presence of skin infections and ulcerations can complicate the interpretation of experimental protocols, including those examining immune cell activation. Bacterial species in the genus Staphylococcus are the most common pathogens recovered from skin lesions in mice. In particular, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus xylosus have both been implicated as pathogens on murine skin. Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known pathogen of human skin, but S. xylosus skin infections in humans have not been described, indicating that there is a species-specific difference in the ability of S. xylosus to serve as a skin pathogen. The aim of this review is to summarize studies that link S. aureus and S. xylosus to skin infections of mice and to describe factors involved in their adherence to tissue and their virulence. We discuss potential differences in mouse and human skin that might underlie the ability of S. xylosus to act as a pathogen on murine skin, but not human skin. Finally, we also describe mouse mutants that have shown increased susceptibility to skin infections with staphylococcal bacteria. These mutants point to pathways that are important in the control of commensal staphylococcal bacteria. The information here may be useful to researchers who are working with mouse strains that are prone to skin infections with staphylococcal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Battaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Abdelwahab MA, Amer WH, Elsharawy D, Elkolaly RM, Helal RAEF, El Malla DA, Elfeky YG, Bedair HA, Amer RS, Abd-Elmonsef ME, Taha MS. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococci Isolated from an Egyptian University Hospital. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040556. [PMID: 37111442 PMCID: PMC10143866 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant in Staphylococci is a serious public health issue. It is mostly encoded by the mecA gene. The mecC gene is a new mecA analog responsible for resistance to methicillin in some Staphylococcal clinical isolates. This mecC gene is still underestimated in Egypt. The aim of the current study was to detect mecA and mecC genes in clinical Staphylococci isolates from a tertiary care university hospital in Egypt compared to the different phenotypic methods. A total of 118 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and 43 coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were identified from various hospital-acquired infections. Methicillin resistance was identified genotypically using the PCR technique and phenotypically using the cefoxitin disc diffusion test, oxacillin broth microdilution and the VITEK2 system in all Staphylococcal isolates. The mecA gene was detected in 82.2% of S. aureus and 95.3% of CoNS isolates, while all of the isolates tested negative for the mecC gene. Interestingly, 30.2% of CoNS isolates showed the unique character of inducible oxacillin resistance, being mecA-positive but oxacillin-susceptible (OS-CoNS). The dual use of genotypic and phenotypic methods is highly recommended to avoid missing any genetically divergent strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A. Abdelwahab
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Wesam H. Amer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Dalia Elsharawy
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Reham M. Elkolaly
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Rehab Abd El Fattah Helal
- Department of Anathesia, Surgical Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Dina Ahmed El Malla
- Department of Anathesia, Surgical Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Yomna G. Elfeky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah A. Bedair
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Rania S. Amer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Marwa E. Abd-Elmonsef
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Marwa S. Taha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Bertelloni F, Cagnoli G, Bresciani F, Scotti B, Lazzerini L, Marcucci M, Colombani G, Ebani VV. Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies ( Musca domestica) Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040636. [PMID: 37106998 PMCID: PMC10135123 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
House flies (Musca domestica) are very diffuse insects attracted by biological materials. They are abundantly present in farm environments and can frequently come in contact with animals, feed, manure, waste, surfaces, and fomites; consequently, these insects could be contaminated, carry, and disperse several microorganisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in house flies collected in poultry and swine farms. Thirty-five traps were placed in twenty-two farms; from each trap, 3 different kinds of samples were tested: attractant material present in the traps, the body surface of house flies and the body content of house flies. Staphylococci were detected in 72.72% of farms, 65.71% of traps and 43.81% of samples. Only coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated, and 49 isolates were subjected to an antimicrobial susceptibility test. Most of the isolates were resistant to amikacin (65.31%), ampicillin (46.94%), rifampicin (44.90%), tetracycline (40.82%) and cefoxitin (40.82%). Minimum Inhibitory concentration assay allowed to confirm 11/49 (22.45%) staphylococci as methicillin-resistant; 4 of them (36.36%) carried the mecA gene. Furthermore, 53.06% of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Higher levels of resistance and multidrug resistance were detected in CoNS isolated from flies collected in poultry farms than in swine farms. Therefore, house flies could carry MDR and methicillin-resistant staphylococci, representing a possible source of infection for animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Cagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Bresciani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bruno Scotti
- Sede Sicurezza Alimentare e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Zona Versilia, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Via Martiri di S. Anna 12, 55045 Pietrasanta, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzerini
- Sede Sicurezza Alimentare e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Zona Versilia, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Via Martiri di S. Anna 12, 55045 Pietrasanta, Italy
| | - Marco Marcucci
- Sede Sicurezza Alimentare e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Zona Valle del Serchio, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Via IV Novembre 10, 55027 Gallicano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colombani
- Sede Sicurezza Alimentare e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Zona Valle del Serchio, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Via IV Novembre 10, 55027 Gallicano, Italy
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Karahutová L, Bujňáková D. Occurrence and molecular surveillance of pathogenesis risk-associated factors in Staphylococcus aureus recovered from raw sheep's milk cheese. Small Rumin Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Cedillo-González EI, Chierici P, Buttazzo M, Siligardi C, Blasi E, Ardizzoni A. Correlating the physico-chemical properties of two conventional glazed porcelain stoneware tiles in relation to cleanability and sanitization. MATERIALS TODAY. COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 34:105191. [PMID: 36567982 PMCID: PMC9758761 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.105191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Keeping surfaces clean can reduce the spread of infections. In particular, to decrease the potential for SARS CoV-2 contamination, performing disinfection of high-touching surfaces. Several ceramic tiles and porcelain stoneware tiles with antimicrobial properties are already available on the market. However, the widespread use of antimicrobial glazed stoneware tiles may require to replace the ceramic surfaces already present in many buildings. The unfeasibility of such replacement can be due to both product durability (lifetime of a tile is usually long) and/or monetary restrictions. Furthermore, as porcelain stoneware per se does not have antimicrobial activity, these materials are fabricated by adding chemical agents able to provide antimicrobial properties. This approach requires a compatibility between the antimicrobial agents and the glaze formulation, as well as a careful control of the firing cycle and the final properties of the ceramic products. It follows that the final cost of antimicrobial tiles is not competitive with that of conventional tiles. In the latter, the persistence of potential pathogens on the surfaces is a crucial problem to face: the longer a pathogen survives on a surface, the longer it may be a source of transmission and thus endanger susceptible subjects. In this work, bacteria's capacity to adhere and to be effectively removed from two conventional glazed porcelain stoneware tiles (under dirty and clean conditions) was investigated. Two different glazes were tested, one mainly glassy (glossy) and the other mainly crystalline (matt). The sanitization procedures were carried out by chemical and chemo-mechanical procedures. The results showed that chemo-mechanical sanitization was the most effective, and the best results could be obtained on the stoneware tiles coated with the mainly glassy glaze, with the lowest porosity and the lower roughness values and water contact angles, especially under clean conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Iveth Cedillo-González
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Paolo Chierici
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marta Buttazzo
- SMALTICERAM UNICER S.p.A., Via della Repubblica 10/12, 42014 Roteglia, RE, Italy
| | - Cristina Siligardi
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Blasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Ong'era E, Kagira J, Maina N, Kiboi D, Waititu K, Michira L, Ngotho M. Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors for the Acquisition of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. Bacteria Among Pastoralist Farmers in Kajiado Central Subcounty, Kenya. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:3573056. [PMID: 37082192 PMCID: PMC10113052 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3573056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing health problem globally. To address this challenge, there is a need to generate baseline data on the prevalence and AMR profile of the main disease-causing bacteria. Here, we interrogated the prevalence of bacteria in the nasal cavity of healthy pastoralists in Kajiado Central Subcounty, Kenya, and the occurrence of AMR in Staphylococcus isolates among the study subjects. Nasal swabs from 176 pastoralists were cultured, and the bacteria isolates identified using standard phenotypic and biochemical bacteriological methods. Among the obtained 195 isolates, the most prevalent isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (44.9%), followed by Enterococci spp. (43.2%) while Staphylococcus aureus prevalence was 8%. Antimicrobial sensitivity of the Staphylococcus spp. isolates to 14 antibiotics representing six antibiotic groups was undertaken using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Among the CoNS, the highest resistance was reported in amoxicillin (78.7%) and ceftazidime (76%), while the most resistance for S. aureus was reported in ceftazidime (100%), amoxicillin (71.4%), and streptomycin (71.4%). From an administered questionnaire looking at gender, animal contact frequency, history of hospital visitation and antibiotic usage, and habitual intake of raw milk, the study showed that male participants had a higher risk of carrying multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria than females (p = 0.02, OR = 1.3). Likewise, habitual intake of raw milk was significantly associated MDR acquisition (p = 0.02, OR = 1.82). This study reveals a high prevalence of AMR Staphylococcus isolates in the study area laying a foundation for further analysis of molecular characterization of the observed resistance as well as the development of interventions that can reduce the occurrence of AMR in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidah Ong'era
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - John Kagira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - Naomi Maina
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - Daniel Kiboi
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - Kenneth Waititu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Primate Research, P.O. Box 24481 Karen 00502 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lynda Michira
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - Maina Ngotho
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 30197-GPO
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Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cattle and horses. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07312. [PMID: 35582361 PMCID: PMC9087474 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for cattle and horses in previous scientific opinions. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9, and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR S. aureus can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (60-90% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2 and 4 (Categories A, B and D; 1-5%, 5-10% and 10-33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel was uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Sections 3 and 5 (Categories C and E, 33-90% and 60-90% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively). The animal species to be listed for AMR S. aureus according to Article 8 criteria include mainly mammals, birds, reptiles and fish.
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Adiguzel MC, Schaefer K, Rodriguez T, Ortiz J, Sahin O. Prevalence, Mechanism, Genetic Diversity, and Cross-Resistance Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Isolated from Companion Animal Clinical Samples Submitted to a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in the Midwestern United States. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050609. [PMID: 35625253 PMCID: PMC9138002 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) is a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections in companion animals, with limited treatment options available due to the frequent cross-resistance of MRS to other antibiotics. In this study, we report the prevalence, species distribution, genetic diversity, resistance mechanism and cross-resistance patterns of MRS isolated from companion animal (mostly dog and cat) clinical cases submitted to Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) between 2012 and 2019. The majority of isolates were identified as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (68.3%; 2379/3482) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (24.6%; 857/3482), of which 23.9% and 40.5% were phenotypically resistant to methicillin, respectively. Cross resistance to other β-lactams (and to a lesser extent to non-β-lactams) was common in both methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and CoNS (MRCoNS), especially when oxacillin MIC was ≥4 μg/mL (vs. ≥0.5−<4 μg/mL). The PBP2a protein was detected by agglutination in 94.6% (521/551) MRSP and 64.3% (146/227) MRCoNS. A further analysis of 31 PBP2a-negative MRS isolates (all but one MRCoNS) indicated that 11 were mecA gene-positive while 20 were negative for mecA and other mec genes by PCR. The resistance to last-resort anti-staphylococcal human drugs (e.g., tigecycline, linezolid, vancomycin) among the MRS tested was none to very low. Even though genotyping indicated an overall high level of genetic diversity (87 unique PFGE patterns and 20 MLST types) among a subset of MRSP isolates tested (n = 106), certain genotypes were detected from epidemiologically connected cases at the same or different time points, suggesting persistence and/or nosocomial transmission. These results indicate a relatively high prevalence of MRS from companion animals in the Midwestern US; therefore, it is important to perform routine susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus in veterinary clinical settings for the selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cemal Adiguzel
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Kayla Schaefer
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Trevor Rodriguez
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Jessica Ortiz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-3861
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Sahin-Tóth J, Albert E, Juhász A, Ghidán Á, Juhász J, Horváth A, Steward MC, Dobay O. Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in wild hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) and first report of mecC-MRSA in Hungary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152858. [PMID: 34995585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In 2011 mecC, a new mecA gene homologue, was described in a bovine isolate in the UK. Since then, mecC-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (mecC-MRSA) has also been found in wild animals. An especially high prevalence of mecC-MRSA has been reported among hedgehogs in Sweden (64%) and Denmark (61%). Based on these findings we aimed to survey the hedgehog population for mecC-MRSA in Hungary. Altogether 200 hedgehogs were screened for Staphylococcus aureus using a culture-based method. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates to nine drugs was determined, their genetic relatedness was established by PFGE and spa-typing, and virulence genes were identified by PCR. Whole genome sequencing was performed for the single mecC-MRSA isolate found. Of the 200 animals, 13 were carriers of S. aureus (6.5%). Among these, one isolate was mecA positive and one was mecC positive. The isolates were susceptible to non-beta-lactam antibiotics. Toxin genes were not found, but the majority carried genes responsible for adhesion and biofilm production. The mecC-MRSA isolate was a single-locus variant of ST130, had a new spa type (t19701) and belonged to SCCmec type XI. It carried a recently described, novel exfoliative toxin (etE). This is the first report of mecC-MRSA in Hungary and the first survey of staphylococcus carriage among wild animals in the country. The mecC prevalence was much lower than in Northern European countries and rather similar to other countries in our region. MecC-MRSA could potentially emerge as a novel human pathogen, especially where close contact occurs between humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Sahin-Tóth
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ervin Albert
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Dóra major, HU-2225 Üllő, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Juhász
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Ágoston Ghidán
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Juhász
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50/A, HU-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Horváth
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin C Steward
- School of Medical Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Dobay
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
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A One Health Approach Molecular Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Reveals Distinct Lineages in Isolates from Miranda Donkeys (Equus asinus) and Their Handlers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030374. [PMID: 35326837 PMCID: PMC8944429 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Donkeys (Equus asinus) are in decline in Europe. Occupational exposure to farm animals has been associated with increased staphylococci carriage. We aimed to isolate S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from donkeys and handlers and characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic lineages of S. aureus strains. Oral and nasal swab samples were collected from 49 Miranda donkeys and 23 handlers from 15 different farms. Staphylococci species were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was investigated by PCR. Molecular typing was performed in S. aureus isolates. From the 49 donkey samples, 4 S. aureus (8.2%) and 21 CoNS (42.9%) were isolated. Ten handlers (43.5%) were carriers of S. aureus and 4 (17.4%) carried CoNS. The CoNS isolates showed resistance to several classes of antimicrobials encoded by the mecA, aph (3′)-IIIa, ant (4′)-Ia, tetM, tetK, lnuA, ermB, ermC, dfrA and dfrG genes. S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin, aminoglicosides and tetracycline harboring the blaZ, aph (3′)-IIIa, tetL, tetM and tetK genes. All S. aureus isolates from donkeys belonged to ST49 and spa-type t208 while the strains isolated from the handlers were ascribed to 3 STs and 7 spa-types. However, human isolates were from different STs than the donkey isolates. Donkeys are mainly colonized by methicillin-resistant S. sciuri. S. aureus transmission between donkeys and their handlers appears not to have occurred since the isolates belonged to different genetic lineages.
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Lord J, Millis N, Jones RD, Johnson B, Kania SA, Odoi A. Patterns of antimicrobial, multidrug and methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus spp. isolated from canine specimens submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Tennessee, USA: a descriptive study. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:91. [PMID: 35255907 PMCID: PMC8903740 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug- and methicillin-resistant staphylococci are both veterinary and public health concerns due to their zoonotic potential. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate patterns of antimicrobial, multidrug, and methicillin resistance among four Staphylococcus spp. commonly isolated from canine clinical specimens submitted to the Clinical Bacteriology Laboratory at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine (UTCVM). Methods Results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and mecA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for isolates of four common Staphylococcus spp. isolates were obtained from the Bacteriology Laboratory at the UTCVM between 01/01/2006 and 12/31/2017. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to assess temporal trends of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), multidrug resistance (MDR), and methicillin resistance. Kappa test of agreement was used to assess agreement between the results of PCR and disk diffusion tests. Results Most of the 7805 isolates were S. pseudintermedius (6453 isolates), followed by S. coagulans (860), S. aureus (330), and S. schleiferi (162). Among S. pseudintermedius isolates, 45.5% were MDR, and 30.8% were methicillin-resistant (MRSP). There was a significant temporal increase in MRSP (p = 0.017). Chloramphenicol resistance increased among both MRSP and methicillin-susceptible (MSSP) isolates (p < 0.0001). Among S. aureus isolates, 40.9% were MDR, 37.4% were methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and the proportion of MRSA isolates increased significantly (p = 0.0480) over time. There was an increasing temporal trend in the proportion of MDR isolates among MSSP (p = 0.0022), but a decrease among MRSP (p < 0.0001) and MRSA (p = 0.0298). S. schleiferi had the highest percentage (56.9%) of methicillin-resistant isolates. Oxacillin disk diffusion was superior to cefoxitin for the detection of mecA-mediated resistance and had almost perfect agreement with mecA PCR assay for S. pseudintermedius (95.4% agreement, kappa (κ) = 0.904; p < 0.0001), S. coagulans (95.6%, κ = 0.913; p < 0.0001) and S. schleiferi (97.7%, κ = 0.945; p < 0.0001). However, cefoxitin disk diffusion was superior to oxacillin disk diffusion and had almost perfect agreement with mecA PCR assay for S. aureus (95.3%, κ = 0.834; p < 0.0001). Conclusions The levels of resistance and increasing temporal trends are concerning. These findings have implications for treatment decisions and public health due to the zoonotic potential of staphylococci. Continued surveillance and use of antibiograms to guide clinical decisions will be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lord
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nick Millis
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Rebekah Duckett Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Brian Johnson
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen A Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Agricola Odoi
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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Amer WH, Abd Elghafar MS, Abd-El-monsef MME. Comparison of Methods for Detecting Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Device-Associated Infections. ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS 2022; 20. [DOI: 10.2174/2211352519666210715150507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) is one of the major causes of infections
in hospitals. Methicillin resistance has greatly increased in different CoNS species in previous
years. Here, we evaluated the performance of four phenotypic tests for detecting mecA-mediated
methicillin resistance rate in CoNS isolated from different device-associated infections in Tanta
University Hospitals, Egypt.
Methodology:
One hundred and fifteen CoNS isolates were examined for mecA-mediated methicillin
resistance using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the standard gold test. Susceptibility to
methicillin was investigated using VITEK 2 assay, oxacillin broth microdilution, and cefoxitin disc
diffusion tests.
Results:
Of all isolates, 98.3% were mecA-positive. The sensitivities of the different methods examined
were as follows: 100% for the VITEK cefoxitin test, 97.4% for the VITEK oxacillin test,
93.8% for the oxacillin broth microdilution, and 82.3% for the cefoxitin disc diffusion test. The test
specificity could not be accurately determined because of the small number of mecA-negative isolates
(n = 2).
Conclusion:
The rate of methicillin resistance reached 98.3% among CoNS isolates. Our results demonstrate
that the VITEK 2 assay is rapid and has high sensitivity compared to other phenotypic
methods for detecting methicillin resistance among different species of CoNS. Therefore, we recommend
the dual measurement of both cefoxitin and oxacillin susceptibilities using the VITEK 2
assay for best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Hatem Amer
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University,Egypt
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Kumaresan G, Gangwar C, Mishra AK, Kumar A, Kharche SD, Singh NP, Pachoori A. Occurrence, molecular characterization and antimicrobial-resistance pattern of Staphylococcus species isolates from buck semen. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:135. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:910-920. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bzdil J, Zouharova M, Nedbalcova K, Sladecek V, Senk D, Holy O. Oxacillin (Methicillin) Resistant Staphylococci in Domestic Animals in the Czech Republic. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121585. [PMID: 34959540 PMCID: PMC8706185 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of different Staphylococcus species isolated from pathological processes and lesions in domestic animals in the Czech Republic and to detect and describe oxacillin (methicillin)-resistant strains (MRS). During the years 2019–2020, a total of 5218 veterinary clinical samples from the Czech Republic were tested. Testing was performed by culture methods and typing by molecular phenotypic methods MALDI-TOF MS and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the strains was performed by the disk diffusion method. A total of 854 staphylococci strains were identified (16.37% prevalence), out of which 43 strains of 6 species of staphylococci were MRS (n = 43; 0.82% prevalence). Of the MRS strains, the most prevalent species were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 24; 0.46% prevalence) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 7; 0.13% prevalence). Susceptibility testing showed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and, depending on the species, also to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and enrofloxacin. For further characterization of MRS, PCR assay for virulence factor genes was performed. Seven of the 14 target genes were observed only in S. aureus, except for the eno gene encoding laminin-binding protein, which was also detected in other staphylococci. It is necessary to emphasize the issue of correct using of antimicrobials in practice and antibiotic policy in university teaching and to create stricter legislation that would prevent the widespread use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine, especially in livestock to reduce the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Bzdil
- Ptacy s.r.o., Valasska Bystrice 194, 75627 Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
| | - Katerina Nedbalcova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
| | - Vladimir Sladecek
- Ptacy s.r.o., Valasska Bystrice 194, 75627 Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.)
| | - David Senk
- Ptacy s.r.o., Valasska Bystrice 194, 75627 Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Ondrej Holy
- Science and Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-585632818
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Sommer A, Fuchs S, Layer F, Schaudinn C, Weber RE, Richard H, Erdmann MB, Laue M, Schuster CF, Werner G, Strommenger B. Mutations in the gdpP gene are a clinically relevant mechanism for β-lactam resistance in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lacking mec determinants. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34486969 PMCID: PMC8715439 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Staphylococcus aureus, resistance to β-lactamase stable β-lactam antibiotics is mediated by the penicillinbinding protein 2a, encoded by mecA or by its homologues mecB or mecC. However, a substantial number of meticillin-resistant isolates lack known mec genes and, thus, are called meticillin resistant lacking mec (MRLM). This study aims to identify the genetic mechanisms underlying the MRLM phenotype. A total of 141 MRLM isolates and 142 meticillin-susceptible controls were included in this study. Oxacillin and cefoxitin minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth microdilution and the presence of mec genes was excluded by PCR. Comparative genomics and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach were applied to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with the MRLM phenotype. The potential impact of such mutations on the expression of PBP4, as well as on cell morphology and biofilm formation, was investigated. GWAS revealed that mutations in gdpP were significantly associated with the MRLM phenotype. GdpP is a phosphodiesterase enzyme involved in the degradation of the second messenger cyclic-di-AMP in S. aureus. A total of 131 MRLM isolates carried truncations, insertions or deletions as well as amino acid substitutions, mainly located in the functional DHH-domain of GdpP. We experimentally verified the contribution of these gdpP mutations to the MRLM phenotype by heterologous complementation experiments. The mutations in gdpP had no effect on transcription levels of pbp4; however, cell sizes of MRLM strains were reduced. The impact on biofilm formation was highly strain dependent. We report mutations in gdpP as a clinically relevant mechanism for β-lactam resistance in MRLM isolates. This observation is of particular clinical relevance, since MRLM are easily misclassified as MSSA (meticillin-susceptible S. aureus), which may lead to unnoticed spread of β-lactam-resistant isolates and subsequent treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sommer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Methodology and Research Infrastructure, Bioinformatics, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Layer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Christoph Schaudinn
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert E Weber
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Hugues Richard
- Methodology and Research Infrastructure, Bioinformatics, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike B Erdmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Michael Laue
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher F Schuster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Birgit Strommenger
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
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Benzylpenicillin-producing Trichophyton erinacei and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the mecC gene on European hedgehogs - A pilot-study. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:212. [PMID: 34266385 PMCID: PMC8283913 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high carriage rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with the mecC gene (mecC-MRSA) has been described among Wild European hedgehogs (Europeaus erineaus). Due to this frequent occurrence, it has been suggested that hedgehogs could be a natural reservoir for mecC-MRSA. However, the reason why hedgehogs carry mecC-MRSA remains unknown, but it has been hypothesized that mecC-MRSA could have evolved on the skin of hedgehogs due to the co-occurrence with antibiotic producing dermatophytes. The aim of this pilot-study was therefore to investigate if hedgehogs in Sweden carry Trichophyton spp. and to provide evidence that these dermatophytes are able to produce penicillin or similar substances. In addition, the study aimed to identify if dermatophytes co-occurred with mecC-MRSA. Methods Samples were collected from hedgehogs (Europeaus erineaus) that were euthanized or died of natural causes. All samples were screened for dermatophytes and mecC-MRSA using selective cultivation methods. Suspected isolates were characterized using PCR-based methods, genome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. Identification of penicillin was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results In total 23 hedgehogs were investigated, and it was shown that two carried Trichophyton erinacei producing benzyl-penicillin, and that these hedgehogs also carried mecC-MRSA. The study also showed that 60% of the hedgehogs carried mecC-MRSA. Conclusion The pilot-study demonstrated that Trichophyton erinacei, isolated from Swedish hedgehogs, can produce benzylpenicillin and that these benzylpenicillin-producing T. erinacei co-occurred with mecC-MRSA. The study also reconfirmed the high occurrence of mecC-MRSA among hedgehogs.
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Characterisation of S. aureus/MRSA CC1153 and review of mobile genetic elements carrying the fusidic acid resistance gene fusC. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8128. [PMID: 33854075 PMCID: PMC8046974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
While many data on molecular epidemiology of MRSA are available for North America, Western Europe and Australia, much less is known on the distribution of MRSA clones elsewhere. Here, we describe a poorly known lineage from the Middle East, CC1153, to which several strains from humans and livestock belong. Isolates were characterised using DNA microarrays and one isolate from the United Arab Emirates was sequenced using Nanopore technology. CC1153 carries agr II and capsule type 5 genes. Enterotoxin genes are rarely present, but PVL is common. Associated spa types include t504, t903 and t13507. PVL-positive CC1153-MSSA were found in Egyptian cattle suffering from mastitis. It was also identified among humans with skin and soft tissue infections in Saudi Arabia, France and Germany. CC1153-MRSA were mainly observed in Arabian Gulf countries. Some isolates presented with a previously unknown SCCmec/SCCfus chimeric element in which a mec B complex was found together with the fusidic acid resistance gene fusC and accompanying genes including ccrA/B-1 recombinase genes. Other isolates carried SCCmec V elements that usually also included fusC. Distribution and emergence of CC1153-MRSA show the necessity of molecular characterization of MRSA that are resistant to fusidic acid. These strains pose a public health threat as they combine resistance to beta-lactams used in hospitals as well as to fusidic acid used in the community. Because of the high prevalence of fusC-positive MRSA in the Middle East, sequences and descriptions of SCC elements harbouring fusC and/or mecA are reviewed. When comparing fusC and its surrounding regions from the CC1153 strain to available published sequences, it became obvious that there are four fusC alleles and five distinct types of fusC gene complexes reminiscent to the mec complexes in SCCmec elements. Likewise, they are associated with different sets of ccrA/B recombinase genes and additional payload that might include entire mec complexes or SCCmec elements.
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Multi Locus Sequence Typing and spa Typing of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from the Milk of Cows with Subclinical Mastitis in Croatia. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040725. [PMID: 33807376 PMCID: PMC8066051 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The bacterial species S. aureus is the most common causative agent of mastitis in cows in most countries with a dairy industry. The prevalence of infection caused by S. aureus ranges from 2% to more than 50%, and it causes 10–12% of all cases of clinical mastitis. Aim: The objective was to analyze 237 strains of S. aureus isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis regarding the spa, mecA, mecC and pvl genes and to perform spa and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Methods: Sequencing amplified gene sequences was conducted at Macrogen Europe. Ridom StaphType and BioNumerics software was used to analyze obtained sequences of spa and seven housekeeping genes. Results: The spa fragment was present in 204 (86.1%) of strains, while mecA and mecC gene were detected in 10 strains, and the pvl gene was not detected. Spa typing successfully analyzed 153 tested isolates (64.3%), confirming 53 spa types, four of which were new types. The most frequent spa type was t2678 (14%). MLST typed 198 (83.5%) tested strains and defined 32 different allele profiles, of which three were new. The most frequent allele profile was ST133 (20.7%). Six groups (G) and 15 singletons were defined. Conclusion: Taking the number of confirmed spa types and sequence types (STs) into account, it can be concluded that the strains of S. aureus isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis form a heterogenous group. To check the possible zoonotic potential of isolates it would be necessary to test the persons and other livestock on the farms.
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Fisher JF, Mobashery S. β-Lactams against the Fortress of the Gram-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Bacterium. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3412-3463. [PMID: 33373523 PMCID: PMC8653850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biological diversity of the unicellular bacteria-whether assessed by shape, food, metabolism, or ecological niche-surely rivals (if not exceeds) that of the multicellular eukaryotes. The relationship between bacteria whose ecological niche is the eukaryote, and the eukaryote, is often symbiosis or stasis. Some bacteria, however, seek advantage in this relationship. One of the most successful-to the disadvantage of the eukaryote-is the small (less than 1 μm diameter) and nearly spherical Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. For decades, successful clinical control of its infection has been accomplished using β-lactam antibiotics such as the penicillins and the cephalosporins. Over these same decades S. aureus has perfected resistance mechanisms against these antibiotics, which are then countered by new generations of β-lactam structure. This review addresses the current breadth of biochemical and microbiological efforts to preserve the future of the β-lactam antibiotics through a better understanding of how S. aureus protects the enzyme targets of the β-lactams, the penicillin-binding proteins. The penicillin-binding proteins are essential enzyme catalysts for the biosynthesis of the cell wall, and understanding how this cell wall is integrated into the protective cell envelope of the bacterium may identify new antibacterials and new adjuvants that preserve the efficacy of the β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, McCourtney Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, McCourtney Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
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Schnitt A, Lienen T, Wichmann-Schauer H, Tenhagen BA. The occurrence of methicillin-resistant non-aureus staphylococci in samples from cows, young stock, and the environment on German dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4604-4614. [PMID: 33685714 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the occurrence of methicillin-resistant (MR) non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) on 20 preselected German dairy farms. Farms were selected based on the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) during previous diagnostic investigations. Bacterial culture of presumptive MR-NAS was based on a 2-step enrichment method that has been recommended for MRSA detection. Quarter milk samples (QMS), bulk tank milk, swab samples from young stock, and environmental samples were collected for bacterial culture. Methicillin-resistant NAS were detected on all study farms. The MR-NAS positive test rate was 3.3% (77/2,347) in QMS, 42.1% (8/19) in bulk tank milk, 29.1% (59/203) in nasal swabs from milk-fed calves, 18.3% (35/191) in postweaning calves, and 7.3% (14/191) in nasal swabs from prefresh heifers. In the environment, MR-NAS were detected in dust samples on 25% (5/20) of the dairy farms as well as in teat liners and suckers from automatic calf feeders. The geometric mean somatic cell count in QMS affected by MR-NAS (183,000 cells/mL) was slightly higher compared with all QMS (114,000 cells/mL). Nine MR-NAS species were identified; Staph. sciuri, Staph. lentus, Staph. fleurettii, Staph. epidermidis, and Staph. haemolyticus were the most common species. In addition, 170 NAS isolates were identified that showed reduced cefoxitin susceptibility (4 mg/L) but did not harbor the mecA or mecC genes. On some farms, similar mobile genetic elements were detected in MR-NAS and MRSA. It was suggested that resistance genes may be transferred between NAS and Staph. aureus on the respective farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schnitt
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Lienen
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Wichmann-Schauer
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - B-A Tenhagen
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Köck R, Schuler F, Idelevich EA, Schaumburg F. Variability of antibiograms: how often do changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern occur in isolates from one patient? Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:1638-1643. [PMID: 33618014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many laboratories do not perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for all consecutive isolates of the same species from one patient. The objective of this study was to assess how often changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (cASP) occur in such isolates. METHODS AST was performed for all isolates of defined species obtained from clinical routine (2015-2018) without restrictions for consecutive or sequential isolates of one patient. Occurrence of cASP and time between the first sampling date and first cASP were determined by combining antibiograms from all specimens and after stratification into species and specimens. RESULTS A total of 35 473 AST results were included (range 2-71 per case). Combining pathogens and specimens, 1991 cASP occurred in 1269/8502 (14.9%) of all cases after a median time until cASP of 5 days (range 0-364). Of these, 628/1991 (31.5%) occurred on the day of first sampling (predominantly due to phenotypic variants in the same specimen). Excluding isolates with differing AST pattern on the first day of sampling, the median time until cASP was 12 days (range 1-364). Stratification into species and specimen revealed a large variance of the median time until cASP (e.g. in Escherichia coli: 5 days; range 1-48 for blood cultures or 16 days; 1-364 for urine). DISCUSSION Using routine microbiological data in a large tertiary hospital, cASP occurs occasionally. The time to perform subsequent AST to detect cASP depends on the species and type of specimen. Other studies are needed to evaluate whether ideal time intervals applicable beyond local settings can be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Köck
- University Hospital Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany; University Hospital Münster, Institute of Hygiene, Münster, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schuler
- University Hospital Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany
| | - Evgeny A Idelevich
- University Hospital Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany; Friedrich Loeffler-Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frieder Schaumburg
- University Hospital Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany
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Wild Boars Carry Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020367. [PMID: 33673341 PMCID: PMC7917586 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represent major healthcare concerns. The role of wildlife in the epidemiology of these bacteria is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine their prevalence in wild boars in Germany and to characterize individual isolates. A total of 375 fecal samples and 439 nasal swabs were screened for the presence of ESBL-/AmpC-E. coli and MRSA, respectively. The associations of seven demographic and anthropogenic variables with the occurrence of ESBL-/AmpC-E. coli were statistically evaluated. Collected isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular typing methods, and gene detection by PCR and genome sequencing. ESBL-/AmpC-E. coli were detected in 22 fecal samples (5.9%) whereas no MRSA were detected. The occurrence of ESBL-/AmpC-E. coli in wild boars was significantly and positively associated with human population density. Of the 22 E. coli, 19 were confirmed as ESBL-producers and carried genes belonging to blaCTX-M group 1 or blaSHV-12. The remaining three isolates carried the AmpC-β-lactamase gene blaCMY-2. Several isolates showed additional antimicrobial resistances. All four major phylogenetic groups were represented with group B1 being the most common. This study demonstrates that wild boars can serve as a reservoir for ESBL-/AmpC-producing and multidrug-resistant E. coli.
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Bhowmik D, Chetri S, Das BJ, Dhar Chanda D, Bhattacharjee A. Distribution of virulence genes and SCCmec types among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of clinical and environmental origin: a study from community of Assam, India. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:58. [PMID: 33568186 PMCID: PMC7876809 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to discover the dissemination of virulence genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical, community and environmental settings. Results This study includes 1165 isolates collected from hospital, community and environmental settings. Among them sixty three were confirmed as MRSA with varied SCCmec types viz; type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII. The virulence gene such as sea (n = 54), seb (n = 21), eta (n = 27), etb (n = 2), cna (n = 24), ica (n = 2) and tst (n = 30) was also revealed from this study. The study underscores coexistence of resistance cassette and virulence genes among clinical and environment isolates which is first of its kind from this part of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiela Chetri
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Debadatta Dhar Chanda
- Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, Assam, India
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No Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Goats. DAIRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This short communication addresses the hypothesis that the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is low in dairy goats in Sweden. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is a widespread zoonotic bacterium of clinical importance in both animals and humans. In Sweden, MRSA is rare among both animals and humans. However, MRSA has been detected in a few goat herds in Sweden with a high within-herd occurrence of mecC-MRSA, but only a limited number of herds were investigated and most of them were not producing milk for human consumption. The prevalence of MRSA among dairy goat herds in Sweden is not known and a cross-sectional prevalence study was therefore conducted. A total of 22 bulk milk samples from the same number of herds, and pooled swabs from nose, mouth, and perineum from 113 goats, were collected during August and September 2019 for bacteriological investigation. After culturing on selective media, suspected isolates were confirmed as S. aureus using MALDI-TOF and subjected to PCR targeting the mecA and mecC genes to confirm MRSA status. No samples were found to be positive for MRSA, and there are therefore no indications of a spread of MRSA in Swedish dairy goat herds.
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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci and Macrococci at the Interface of Human and Animal Health. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13010061. [PMID: 33466773 PMCID: PMC7831011 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal lineages on human and animal health continues, even considering the decreasing MRSA rates in some parts of the world [...].
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Nakaminami H, Okamura Y, Tanaka S, Wajima T, Murayama N, Noguchi N. Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in nares and affected sites of pet dogs with superficial pyoderma. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 83:214-219. [PMID: 33342967 PMCID: PMC7972875 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, particularly methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), are frequently isolated from
canine superficial pyoderma in Japan. However, little is known regarding the nasal
prevalence of MRSP in pet dogs. Here, we determined the prevalence of
antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in nares and affected sites of pet dogs with
superficial pyoderma. Of the 125 nares and 108 affected sites of pet dogs with superficial
pyoderma, 107 (13 species) and 110 (eight species) staphylococci strains, respectively,
were isolated. The isolation rate of S. pseudintermedius from pyoderma
sites (82/110 strains, 74.5%) was significantly higher than that from nares (57/107
strains, 53.3%) (P<0.01). Notably, the prevalence of MRSP (18/57
strains, 31.6%) in nares was equivalent to that in pyoderma sites (28/82 strains, 34.1%).
Furthermore, the phenotypes and genotypes of antimicrobial resistance in MRSP strains from
nares were similar to those from pyoderma sites. Our findings revealed that the prevalence
of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in the nares of pet dogs with superficial
pyoderma is the same level as that in affected sites. Therefore, considerable attention
should be paid to the antimicrobial resistance of commensal staphylococci in companion
animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuu Okamura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Satomi Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takeaki Wajima
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Nobuo Murayama
- Dermatology Services for Dogs and Cats, 2-11-14 Hirano, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0023, Japan
| | - Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Singh-Moodley A, Lowe M, Mogokotleng R, Perovic O. Diversity of SCCmec elements and spa types in South African Staphylococcus aureus mecA-positive blood culture isolates. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:816. [PMID: 33167886 PMCID: PMC7654578 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus varies depending on the healthcare facility, region and country. To understand its genetic diversity, transmission, dissemination, epidemiology and evolution in a particular geographical location, it is important to understand the similarities and variations in the population being studied. This can be achieved by using various molecular characterisation techniques. This study aimed to provide detailed molecular characterisation of South African mecA-positive S. aureus blood culture isolates by describing the SCCmec types, spa types and to lesser extent, the sequence types obtained from two consecutive national surveillance studies. METHODS S. aureus blood culture isolates from a national laboratory-based and enhanced surveillance programme were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using automated systems. A real-time PCR assay confirmed the presence of the methicillin-resistance determinant, mecA. Conventional PCR assays were used to identify the SCCmec type and spa type, which was subsequently analysed using the Ridom StaphType™ software. Multilocus sequence typing was performed on selected isolates using conventional methods. MRSA clones were defined by their sequence type (ST), SCCmec type and spa type. RESULTS A detailed description of findings is reported in this manuscript. SCCmec type III predominated overall followed by type IV. A total of 71 different spa types and 24 novel spa types were observed. Spa type t037 was the most common and predominated throughout followed by t1257. Isolates were multidrug resistant; isolates belonging to all SCCmec types were resistant to most of the antibiotics with the exception of type I; isolates with spa type t045 showed resistance to all antibiotics except vancomycin. The most diverse SCCmec-spa type complex was composed of the SCCmec type IV element and 53 different spa types. CONCLUSION Although ST data was limited, thereby limiting the number of clones that could be identified, the circulating clones were relatively diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashika Singh-Moodley
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Michelle Lowe
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
| | - Ruth Mogokotleng
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
| | - Olga Perovic
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Changing Epidemiology of Presumptive Community-associated-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Slovenia in 2014-2015 Compared To 2010. Zdr Varst 2020; 59:236-244. [PMID: 33133280 PMCID: PMC7583430 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the distinction between the Community-Associated-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and Hospital-Associated-Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (HA-MRSA) has blurred in recent years, the CA-MRSA is an important group because of its potential to cause fulminant and severe infections. Its importance has further increased with the emergence of Livestock-Associated-Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (LA-MRSA). Methods In the present study we analysed clonal distributions and virulence factors in presumptive CA-MRSA isolated from January 2014 to December 2015 and compared the results with our previous study from 2010. Phenotypic definition for presumptive CA-MRSA was based on resistance to cefoxitin and oxacillin and susceptibility to at least two of the following four antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin and gentamicin. Results In 2014 and 2015 altogether 304 MRSA isolates fulfilled our screening phenotypic definition, 45 isolates were cultivated from clinical specimens and 259 from screening specimens. Sequence types ST398, LA-MRSA and mecC MRSA increased significantly in 2015 compared to 2010 (p-value <0.05) and were spread over Slovenia. Conclusion The clonal distribution of presumptive CA-MRSA has changed within the study period in Slovenia. In 2015 the most frequent clone among clinical and screening specimens was a pig-associated clone, ST398, but the number of confirmed ST398 infections remains low. While previously ST398 and mecC positive MRSA strains were geographically limited, they have spread throughout the country since 2010.
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Human mecC-Carrying MRSA: Clinical Implications and Risk Factors. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101615. [PMID: 33092294 PMCID: PMC7589452 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new methicillin resistance gene, named mecC, was first described in 2011 in both humans and animals. Since then, this gene has been detected in different production and free-living animals and as an agent causing infections in some humans. The possible impact that these isolates can have in clinical settings remains unknown. The current available information about mecC-carrying methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates obtained from human samples was analyzed in order to establish its possible clinical implications as well as to determine the infection types associated with this resistance mechanism, the characteristics of these mecC-carrying isolates, their possible relation with animals and the presence of other risk factors. Until now, most human mecC-MRSA infections have been reported in Europe and mecC-MRSA isolates have been identified belonging to a small number of clonal complexes. Although the prevalence of mecC-MRSA human infections is very low and isolates usually contain few resistance (except for beta-lactams) and virulence genes, first isolates harboring important virulence genes or that are resistant to non-beta lactams have already been described. Moreover, severe and even fatal human infection cases have been detected. mecC-carrying MRSA should be taken into consideration in hospital, veterinary and food safety laboratories and in prevention strategies in order to avoid possible emerging health problems.
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Sasaki H, Ishikawa H, Itoh T, Arano M, Hirata K, Ueshiba H. Penicillin-Binding Proteins and Associated Protein Mutations Confer Oxacillin/Cefoxitin Tolerance in Borderline Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:590-595. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Sasaki
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Taisuke Itoh
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
| | - Makoto Arano
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
| | - Koya Hirata
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Ueshiba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
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Silence as a way of niche adaptation: mecC-MRSA with variations in the accessory gene regulator (agr) functionality express kaleidoscopic phenotypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14787. [PMID: 32901059 PMCID: PMC7479134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionality of the accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing system is an important factor promoting either acute or chronic infections by the notorious opportunistic human and veterinary pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Spontaneous alterations of the agr system are known to frequently occur in human healthcare-associated S. aureus lineages. However, data on agr integrity and function are sparse regarding other major clonal lineages. Here we report on the agr system functionality and activity level in mecC-carrying methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) of various animal origins (n = 33) obtained in Europe as well as in closely related human isolates (n = 12). Whole genome analysis assigned all isolates to four clonal complexes (CC) with distinct agr types (CC599 agr I, CC49 agr II, CC130 agr III and CC1943 agr IV). Agr functionality was assessed by a combination of phenotypic assays and proteome analysis. In each CC, isolates with varying agr activity levels were detected, including the presence of completely non-functional variants. Genomic comparison of the agr I-IV encoding regions associated these phenotypic differences with variations in the agrA and agrC genes. The genomic changes were detected independently in divergent lineages, suggesting that agr variation might foster viability and adaptation of emerging MRSA lineages to distinct ecological niches.
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MacFadyen AC, Harrison EM, Drigo I, Parkhill J, Holmes MA, Paterson GK. A mecC allotype, mecC3, in the CoNS Staphylococcus caeli, encoded within a variant SCCmecC. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:547-552. [PMID: 30590583 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin resistance in staphylococci is conferred by an alternative PBP (PBP2a/2') with low affinity for most β-lactam antibiotics. PBP2a is encoded by mecA, which is carried on a mobile genetic element known as SCCmec. A variant of mecA, mecC, was described in 2011 and has been found in Staphylococcus aureus from humans and a wide range of animal species as well as a small number of other staphylococcal species from animals. OBJECTIVES We characterized a novel mecC allotype, mecC3, encoded by an environmental isolate of Staphylococcus caeli cultured from air sampling of a commercial rabbit holding. METHODS The S. caeli isolate 82BT was collected in Italy in 2013 and genome sequenced using MiSeq technology. This allowed the assembly and comparative genomic study of the novel SCCmec region encoding mecC3. RESULTS The study isolate encodes a novel mecA allotype, mecC3, with 92% nucleotide identity to mecC. mecC3 is encoded within a novel SCCmec element distinct from those previously associated with mecC, including a ccrAB pairing (ccrA5B3) not previously linked to mecC. CONCLUSIONS This is the first description of the novel mecC allotype mecC3, the first isolation of a mecC-positive Staphylococcus in Italy and the first report of mecC in S. caeli. Furthermore, the SCCmec element described here is highly dissimilar to the archetypal SCCmec XI encoding mecC in S. aureus and to elements encoding mecC in other staphylococci. Our report highlights the diversity of mecC allotypes and the diverse staphylococcal species, ecological settings and genomic context in which mecC may be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C MacFadyen
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
| | - E M Harrison
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - I Drigo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, via dell'Università 10, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - J Parkhill
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - M A Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - G K Paterson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
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Abushaheen MA, Muzaheed, Fatani AJ, Alosaimi M, Mansy W, George M, Acharya S, Rathod S, Divakar DD, Jhugroo C, Vellappally S, Khan AA, Shaik J, Jhugroo P. Antimicrobial resistance, mechanisms and its clinical significance. Dis Mon 2020; 66:100971. [PMID: 32201008 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents play a key role in controlling and curing infectious disease. Soon after the discovery of the first antibiotic, the challenge of antibiotic resistance commenced. Antimicrobial agents use different mechanisms against bacteria to prevent their pathogenesis and they can be classified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Antibiotics are one of the antimicrobial agents which has several classes, each with different targets. Consequently, bacteria are endlessly using methods to overcome the effectivity of the antibiotics by using distinct types of mechanisms. Comprehending the mechanisms of resistance is vital for better understanding and to continue use of current antibiotics. Which also helps to formulate synthetic antimicrobials to overcome the current mechanism of resistance. Also, encourage in prudent use and misuse of antimicrobial agents. Thus, decline in treatment costs and in the rate of morbidity and mortality. This review will be concentrating on the mechanism of actions of several antibiotics and how bacteria develop resistance to them, as well as the method of acquiring the resistance in several bacteria and how can a strain be resistant to several types of antibiotics. This review also analyzes the prevalence, major clinical implications, clinical causes of antibiotic resistance. Further, it evaluates the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, identifies various challenges and strategies in addressing the issue. Finally, put forward certain recommendations to prevent the spread and reduce the rate of resistance growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Ali Abushaheen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzaheed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amal Jamil Fatani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alosaimi
- Consultant, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Mansy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Merin George
- General Dentist and Public Health Researcher, Australia
| | - Sadananda Acharya
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Rathod
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga- 585106, India
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chitra Jhugroo
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajith Vellappally
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jilani Shaik
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Poojdev Jhugroo
- CAP Research Ltd., 2nd Floor Orbis Court, 132 St Jean Road 72218 Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
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Silva ATF, da Silva JG, Aragão BB, Peixoto RM, Mota RA. Occurrence of β-lactam-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in milk from primiparous dairy cows in the northeastern region of Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2303-2307. [PMID: 32146685 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to isolate and identify Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics from primiparous cows' milk. A total of 432 milk samples were collected from all primiparous dairy cows in early lactation that originated from 9 dairy properties. All samples were cultured in Mannitol salt agar enriched with egg yolk emulsion. Determination of genotypic resistance of S. aureus was achieved by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of the blaZ, mecA, and mecC genes. Phenotypic resistance of S. aureus strains was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) technique using broth microdilutions of penicillin G and oxacillin. From all the mammary quarters examined, S. aureus strains were detected in 27 out of 432 (6.25%) milk samples (CI95%, 4.33-8.84). From all dairy properties visited, only two out of 9 were found to have S. aureus. Hence, it was possible to evaluate genotypic and phenotypic resistance in 27 samples from two dairy farms. The isolates of S. aureus had a frequency of (20/27) 74.07% to blaZ gene (CI95%, 57.5-90.6), whereas mecA and mecC genes were not observed. According to MIC results, penicillin G had a 74.07% (20/27) resistance rate (CI95%, 57.5-90.6) and oxacillin had a 14.81% (4/27) resistance rate (CI95%, 1.4-28.2). Thus, the circulation of S. aureus strains resistant to beta-lactams has been confirmed in primiparous dairy cows in the northeastern region of Brazil, indicating the need for new management strategies involving the use of beta-lactam drugs to treat mastitis, discouraging and/or limiting their use. Also, it is important to highlight the need for further studies on epidemiology and traceability of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda T F Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - José G da Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Breno B Aragão
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo M Peixoto
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, R. Maria Luzia de Araújo, 791, João de Deus, Petrolina, PE, 56316-686, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo A Mota
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
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Palavecino EL. Clinical, Epidemiologic, and Laboratory Aspects of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2069:1-28. [PMID: 31523762 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9849-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (abbreviated MRSA for historical reasons) is a major pathogen responsible for both hospital- and community-onset disease. Resistance to oxacillin in most clinical isolates of S. aureus is mediated by PBP2a, a penicillin-binding protein with low affinity to beta-lactams, encoded primarily by the mecA gene. Rapid and accurate methods of susceptibility testing of S. aureus isolates to identify MRSA infections are important tools to limit the spread of this organism. This review focuses on the clinical significance of MRSA infections and new approaches for the laboratory diagnosis and epidemiologic typing of MRSA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Palavecino
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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42
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Abstract
Traditional antimicrobial susceptibility test methods for detection of S. aureus resistant to oxacillin (MRSA) such as disk diffusion, broth microdilution, and oxacillin screen plate require 18-24 h of incubation after having the organism growing in pure culture. Rapid and accurate identification of MRSA isolates is essential not only for patient care, but also for effective infection control programs to limit the spread of MRSA. In the last few years, several commercial rapid tests for detection of MRSA directly from nasal and wound swabs, as well as from positive blood cultures, have been developed for use in clinical laboratories. Chromogenic agar plates and real-time PCR and other molecular tests are gaining popularity as MRSA screening tests because they have the advantage of a lower turnaround time than that of traditional culture and susceptibility testing and they are capable of detecting MRSA directly from nasal and wound swabs, allowing rapid identification of colonized or infected patients. In addition, molecular methods able to detect and differentiate S. aureus and MRSA (SA/MRSA) directly from blood cultures are becoming a useful tool for rapid detection of bacteremia caused by MSSA and MRSA. This review focuses on the procedures for performing testing using rapid methods currently available for detection of MRSA directly from clinical specimens.
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43
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Paterson GK. Genomic epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus sciuri carrying a SCCmec-mecC hybrid element. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 79:104148. [PMID: 31862259 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The recognition in 2011 of the methicillin resistance determinate mecC among staphylococci has raised many questions over its evolution and epidemiology. While mecC has been best studied in Staphylococcus aureus it has also been described in at least nine other species of staphylococci. In most cases these studies are limited to single isolates. In the widespread animal commensal Staphylococcus sciuri mecC has been described in two isolates and is located within a distinct SCCmec-mecC composite element. In this study, a further 11 mecA/mecC S. sciuri isolated from dairy farms in England and Wales in 2015 and 2016 were genome sequenced and characterised. The results show that two variants of the SCCmec-mecC element are present in S. sciuri, differentiated by different ccr alleles and likely to have arisen by homologous recombination. A phylogeny of sixty genome-sequenced S. sciuri isolates was made using core genome multi-locus sequence typing and reveals a diverse population with the SCCmec-mecC element present in four distinct branches, indicative of four independent acquisitions by S. sciuri. Finally, the study identified the rapid clonal expansion of a mecA/mecC lineage of S. sciuri among dairy farms across a wide geographical area which may contribute to the future dissemination of this methicillin resistance cassette.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin K Paterson
- Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
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44
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Kozajda A, Jeżak K, Kapsa A. Airborne Staphylococcus aureus in different environments-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34741-34753. [PMID: 31654301 PMCID: PMC6900272 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the literature review was to describe the environments where the presence of airborne Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed and to catalogue the most often used methods and conditions of bioaerosol sampling to identify the bacteria. The basis for searching of studies on S. aureus in the bioaerosol in different environments was PubMed database resources from the years 1990-2019 (May). The review included studies which were carried on in selected environments: hospitals and other health care facilities, large-scale animal breeding, wastewater treatment plants, residential areas, educational institutions, and other public places. The highest concentrations and genetic diversity of identified S. aureus strains, including MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus), have been shown in large-scale animal breeding. The role of the airborne transmission in dissemination of infection caused by these pathogens is empirically confirmed in environmental studies. Commonly available, well-described, and relatively inexpensive methods of sampling, identification, and subtyping guarantee a high reliability of results and allow to obtain fast and verifiable outcomes in environmental studies on air transmission routes of S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozajda
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Str, 91-348, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Karolina Jeżak
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Str, 91-348, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kapsa
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Str, 91-348, Łódź, Poland
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45
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Zambrano-Mila M, Rodriguez AS, Rivera-Olivero IA, Salas-Rueda M, Caceres-Orellana MV, de Waard JH, Garcia-Bereguiain MA. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among guinea pigs raised as livestock in Ecuador. One Health 2019; 9:100118. [PMID: 31853475 PMCID: PMC6911982 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in human and veterinary medicine. Here we show that 6.25% of the guinea pigs studied in Ecuador, raised as livestock, carry methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the nasopharynx and therefore may potentially play a role in the transmission of MRSA in the Andean Region of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Zambrano-Mila
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Yachay Tech, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Angel S Rodriguez
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Yachay Tech, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Ismar A Rivera-Olivero
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mauricio Salas-Rueda
- Globalgen, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Jacobus H de Waard
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Departamento de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Singh-Moodley A, Strasheim W, Mogokotleng R, Ismail H, Perovic O. Unconventional SCCmec types and low prevalence of the Panton-Valentine Leukocidin exotoxin in South African blood culture Staphylococcus aureus surveillance isolates, 2013-2016. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225726. [PMID: 31774877 PMCID: PMC6881059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a healthcare-associated pathogen that can harbour multiple antimicrobial resistance determinants and express multiple virulence factors e.g. Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL). Unknown staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing patterns were previously observed among 11% (n = 52) of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates; we further investigated these as well as the proportion of PVL, encoded by lukS/F-PV, in 761 S. aureus isolates from patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia/lower respiratory tract, skin/soft tissue, bone and joint infection. S. aureus isolates from blood culture were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using automated systems. Conventional PCR assays were used to identify the ccr and mec gene complexes in mecA-positive isolates with an unknown SCCmec type and screen for lukS/F-PV. Epidemiological data was used to classify isolates as healthcare- or community-associated infections. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles according to SCCmec type and PVL were reported. Of the unknown SCCmec types, isolates were interpreted as type I-like (86%, 38/44), type II-like (9%, 4/44) and type III-like (5%, 2/44). Eight isolates did not produce definitive results. Of all MRSA isolates, majority were multidrug-resistant as indicated by their non-susceptibility to most antimicrobial agents; 92% were healthcare-associated. PVL was seen in 14% of the isolates (MRSA: 25%, MSSA: 75%); 56% were classified as healthcare-associated infection. The SCCmec typing method did not definitively classify all unknown isolates into clearly defined types. It showed that majority of these isolates were not the conventional types; untypeable elements appeared to be composite SCCmec elements, consisting of multiple ccr gene complexes. Majority of the MRSA isolates were non-susceptible to most antibiotics indicating that multiple resistance genes are present in our population. Furthermore, the proportion of PVL was low and more prevalent in MSSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashika Singh-Moodley
- Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Wilhelmina Strasheim
- Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ruth Mogokotleng
- Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Husna Ismail
- Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Olga Perovic
- Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Senok A, Slickers P, Hotzel H, Boswihi S, Braun SD, Gawlik D, Müller E, Nabi A, Nassar R, Nitschke H, Reissig A, Ruppelt-Lorz A, Mafofo J, Somily AM, Udo E, Ehricht R, Monecke S. Characterisation of a novel SCCmec VI element harbouring fusC in an emerging Staphylococcus aureus strain from the Arabian Gulf region. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223985. [PMID: 31689288 PMCID: PMC6830749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusidic acid is a steroid antibiotic known since the 1960s. It is frequently used in topical preparations, i.e., ointments, for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. There is an increasing number of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains that harbour plasmid-borne fusB/far1 or fusC that is localised on SCC elements. In this study we examined a series of related CC30-MRSA isolates from the Arabian Gulf countries that presented with SCCmec elements and fusC, including a variant that-to the best of our knowledge-has not yet formally been described. It consisted of a class B mec complex and ccrA/B-4 genes. The fusidic acid resistance gene fusC was present, but contrary to the previously sequenced element of HDE288, it was not accompanied by tirS. This element was identified in CC30 MRSA from Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates that usually also harbour the Panton-Valentin leukocidin (PVL) genes. It was also identified in CC8 and ST834 isolates. In addition, further CC30 MRSA strains with other SCCmec VI elements harbouring fusC were found to circulate in the Arabian Gulf region. It can be assumed that MRSA strains with SCCmec elements that include fusC have a selective advantage in both hospital and community settings warranting a review of the use of topical antibiotics and indicating the necessity of reducing over-the-counter sale of antibiotics, including fusidic acid, without prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter Slickers
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Samar Boswihi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Elke Müller
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Anju Nabi
- Microbiology & Infection Control Unit, Pathology Department, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rania Nassar
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hedda Nitschke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Dresden-Neustadt, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Reissig
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Ruppelt-Lorz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Mafofo
- Agiomix FZ-LLC, Dubai Science Park Warehouse Complex, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali M. Somily
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital and King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edet Udo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Monecke
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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48
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Mama OM, Ruiz-Ripa L, Fernández-Fernández R, González-Barrio D, Ruiz-Fons JF, Torres C. High frequency of coagulase-positive staphylococci carriage in healthy wild boar with detection of MRSA of lineage ST398-t011. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5301339. [PMID: 30689826 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and diversity of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) in nasal samples of healthy wild boar, to study their resistance phenotypes/genotypes and to check the occurrence of the MRSA-ST398. Nasal samples of 371 wild boars were collected in Spain for staphylococci and MRSA recovery. Staphylococci identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials was tested by disc-diffusion and the presence of resistance genes by PCR. Molecular typing and virulence factors determination were carried out by PCR and sequencing. The rate of CoPS carriage (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius) in wild boar was of 17.8% (13.7%, 2.7% and 1.6%, respectively). Susceptibility to all tested antimicrobials was shown in 74.5% of S. aureus and one strain was MRSA [lineage ST398-t011-agrI, carrying blaZ, mecA, tet(M) and tet(K) genes]. A total of 22 spa-types and 17 STs were detected among S. aureus, including: ST398/CC398 (n = 1), ST2328-ST133/CC133 (n = 20), ST425/CC425 (n = 7), ST5/CC5 (n = 5), ST1/CC1 (n = 3), ST130/CC130 (n = 2) and ST88/CC88 (n = 1). Two spa-types (t02, t15) and four STs (ST455, ST796, ST797, ST798) were detected among the six S. pseudintermedius isolates recovered, and all of them carried the lukF/S-I and siet virulence genes. All S. hyicus isolates were susceptible to antimicrobials tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olouwafemi Mistourath Mama
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosa Fernández-Fernández
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - David González-Barrio
- Grupo SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, 12 13071 Ciudad Real España, Spain
| | - Jose Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Grupo SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, 12 13071 Ciudad Real España, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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49
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An array of multiplex PCR assays for detection of staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) types among staphylococcal isolates. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 166:105733. [PMID: 31629020 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) element plays a key role in development of resistance by carrying different resistance factors. Therefore, routine and rapid diagnostic approach is considered advantageous for the easy detection of SCCmec elements. So, here we have described the use of three sets of multiplex PCR assay, which can be used to identify SCCmec type I to type XII, unlike other known protocols. MRSA isolates of both hospital and community settings had been utilized to confirm the sensitivity of the method. All the isolates were examined for SCCmec types using multiplex PCR assay followed by sequencing of amplified products. The results confirmed the detection of SCCmec type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII, where SCCmec type II having ST1551 and type V with ST2416 were found to be associated with multidrug resistance and were highly prevalent in the study area. This method will be useful for epidemiological assessment as it will be easier to track the resistance among staphylococci for control of infections and its management.
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50
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Vich Vila A, Imhann F, Collij V, Jankipersadsing SA, Gurry T, Mujagic Z, Kurilshikov A, Bonder MJ, Jiang X, Tigchelaar EF, Dekens J, Peters V, Voskuil MD, Visschedijk MC, van Dullemen HM, Keszthelyi D, Swertz MA, Franke L, Alberts R, Festen EAM, Dijkstra G, Masclee AAM, Hofker MH, Xavier RJ, Alm EJ, Fu J, Wijmenga C, Jonkers DMAE, Zhernakova A, Weersma RK. Gut microbiota composition and functional changes in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/472/eaap8914. [PMID: 30567928 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aap8914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the gut microbiota have been associated with two of the most common gastrointestinal diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Here, we performed a case-control analysis using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of stool samples from 1792 individuals with IBD and IBS compared with control individuals in the general population. Despite substantial overlap between the gut microbiome of patients with IBD and IBS compared with control individuals, we were able to use gut microbiota composition differences to distinguish patients with IBD from those with IBS. By combining species-level profiles and strain-level profiles with bacterial growth rates, metabolic functions, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factor analyses, we identified key bacterial species that may be involved in two common gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Vich Vila
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Floris Imhann
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Valerie Collij
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Soesma A Jankipersadsing
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Gurry
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zlatan Mujagic
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ettje F Tigchelaar
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jackie Dekens
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vera Peters
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Michiel D Voskuil
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marijn C Visschedijk
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik M van Dullemen
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rudi Alberts
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora A M Festen
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ad A M Masclee
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marten H Hofker
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric J Alm
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daisy M A E Jonkers
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands.
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