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Xie H, Crawford L, Conard AM. Multioviz: an interactive platform for in silico perturbation and interrogation of gene regulatory networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:249. [PMID: 39080561 PMCID: PMC11290168 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we aim to build a platform that will help bridge the gap between high-dimensional computation and wet-lab experimentation by allowing users to interrogate genomic signatures at multiple molecular levels and identify best next actionable steps for downstream decision making. We introduce Multioviz: a publicly accessible R package and web application platform to easily perform in silico hypothesis testing of generated gene regulatory networks. We demonstrate the utility of Multioviz by conducting an end-to-end analysis in a statistical genetics application focused on measuring the effect of in silico perturbations of complex trait architecture. By using a real dataset from the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, we both recapitulate previous findings and propose hypotheses about the genes involved in the percentage of immune CD8+ cells found in heterogeneous stocks of mice. Source code for the Multioviz R package is available at https://github.com/lcrawlab/multio-viz and an interactive version of the platform is available at https://multioviz.ccv.brown.edu/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Xie
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lorin Crawford
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Ashley Mae Conard
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Chang H, Wu H, Hou P, Aizaz M, Yang R, Xiang A, Qi W, He H, Wang H. DLG1 promotes the antiviral innate immune response by inhibiting p62-mediated autophagic degradation of IKKε. J Virol 2023; 97:e0150123. [PMID: 37982618 PMCID: PMC10734446 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01501-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway is the first line of antiviral innate immunity. It must be precisely regulated against virus-induced damage. The tightly regulated mechanisms of action of host genes in the antiviral innate immune signaling pathway are still worth studying. Here, we report a novel role of DLG1 in positively regulating the IκB kinase epsilon (IKKε)-mediated IFN-I signaling response against negative-stranded RNA virus replication, whereas the RNA virus inhibits the expression of DLG1 for immune escape. Importantly, the E3 ligase March2 interacts with and promotes K27-linked polyubiquitination of IKKε, and p62 is a cargo receptor that recognizes ubiquitinated IKKε for eventual autophagic degradation. Together, the current findings elucidate the role of DLG1 in the antiviral IFN-I signaling pathway and viral infection repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasong Chang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peili Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Muhammad Aizaz
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Rukun Yang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aibiao Xiang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Ávila-Flores A, Sánchez-Cabezón JJ, Ochoa-Echeverría A, Checa AI, Rosas-García J, Téllez-Araiza M, Casado S, Liébana R, Santos-Mendoza T, Mérida I. Identification of Host PDZ-Based Interactions with the SARS-CoV-2 E Protein in Human Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12793. [PMID: 37628973 PMCID: PMC10454406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins containing PDZ (post-synaptic density, PSD-95/disc large, Dlg/zonula occludens, ZO-1) domains assemble signaling complexes that orchestrate cell responses. Viral pathogens target host PDZ proteins by coding proteins containing a PDZ-binding motif (PBM). The presence of a PBM in the SARS-CoV-2 E protein contributes to the virus's pathogenicity. SARS-CoV-2 infects epithelia, but also cells from the innate immune response, including monocytes and alveolar macrophages. This process is critical for alterations of the immune response that are related to the deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2. Identification of E-protein targets in immune cells might offer clues to understanding how SARS-CoV-2 alters the immune response. We analyzed the interactome of the SARS-CoV-2 E protein in human monocytes. The E protein was expressed fused to a GFP tag at the amino terminal in THP-1 monocytes, and associated proteins were identified using a proteomic approach. The E-protein interactome provided 372 partners; only 8 of these harbored PDZ domains, including the cell polarity protein ZO-2, the chemoattractant IL-16, and syntenin. We addressed the expression and localization of the identified PDZ proteins along the differentiation of primary and THP-1 monocytes towards macrophages and dendritic cells. Our data highlight the importance of identifying the functions of PDZ proteins in the maintenance of immune fitness and the viral alteration of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Ávila-Flores
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Juan José Sánchez-Cabezón
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Ane Ochoa-Echeverría
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Ana I. Checa
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Jorge Rosas-García
- Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.R.-G.); (M.T.-A.); (T.S.-M.)
| | - Mariana Téllez-Araiza
- Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.R.-G.); (M.T.-A.); (T.S.-M.)
| | - Sara Casado
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Rosa Liébana
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Teresa Santos-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.R.-G.); (M.T.-A.); (T.S.-M.)
| | - Isabel Mérida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.S.-C.); (A.O.-E.); (A.I.C.); (S.C.); (R.L.)
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4
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Valdivia A, Duran C, Lee M, Williams HC, Lee MY, San Martin A. Nox1-based NADPH oxidase regulates the Par protein complex activity to control cell polarization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231489. [PMID: 37635877 PMCID: PMC10457011 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for many biological and pathological processes. Establishing cell polarity with a trailing edge and forming a single lamellipodium at the leading edge of the cell is crucial for efficient directional cell migration and is a hallmark of mesenchymal cell motility. Lamellipodia formation is regulated by spatial-temporal activation of the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42 at the front edge, and RhoA at the rear end. At a molecular level, partitioning-defective (Par) protein complex comprising Par3, Par6, and atypical Protein Kinase (aPKC isoforms ζ and λ/ι) regulates front-rear axis polarization. At the front edge, integrin clustering activates Cdc42, prompting the formation of Par3/Par6/aPKC complexes to modulate MTOC positioning and microtubule stabilization. Consequently, the Par3/Par6/aPKC complex recruits Rac1-GEF Tiam to activate Rac1, leading to lamellipodium formation. At the rear end, RhoA-ROCK phosphorylates Par3 disrupting its interaction with Tiam and inactivating Rac1. RhoA activity at the rear end allows the formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers necessary to generate the traction forces that allow cell movement. Nox1-based NADPH oxidase is necessary for PDGF-induced migration in vitro and in vivo for many cell types, including fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Here, we report that Nox1-deficient cells failed to acquire a normal front-to-rear polarity, polarize MTOC, and form a single lamellipodium. Instead, these cells form multiple protrusions that accumulate Par3 and active Tiam. The exogenous addition of H2O2 rescues this phenotype and is associated with the hyperactivation of Par3, Tiam, and Rac1. Mechanistically, Nox1 deficiency induces the inactivation of PP2A phosphatase, leading to increased activation of aPKC. These results were validated in Nox1y/- primary mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MASMCs), which also showed PP2A inactivation after PDGF-BB stimulation consistent with exacerbated activation of aPKC. Moreover, we evaluated the physiological relevance of this signaling pathway using a femoral artery wire injury model to generate neointimal hyperplasia. Nox1y/- mice showed increased staining for the inactive form of PP2A and increased signal for active aPKC, suggesting that PP2A and aPKC activities might contribute to reducing neointima formation observed in the arteries of Nox1y/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Valdivia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Charity Duran
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mingyoung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Holly C. Williams
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Alejandra San Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Nicosia M, Lee J, Beavers A, Kish D, Farr GW, McGuirk PR, Pelletier MF, Lathia JD, Fairchild RL, Valujskikh A. Water channel aquaporin 4 is required for T cell receptor mediated lymphocyte activation. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:544-554. [PMID: 36805947 PMCID: PMC10848298 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are a family of ubiquitously expressed transmembrane water channels implicated in a broad range of physiological functions. We have previously reported that aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is expressed on T cells and that treatment with a small molecule AQP4 inhibitor significantly delays T cell mediated heart allograft rejection. Using either genetic deletion or small molecule inhibitor, we show that AQP4 supports T cell receptor mediated activation of both mouse and human T cells. Intact AQP4 is required for optimal T cell receptor (TCR)-related signaling events, including nuclear translocation of transcription factors and phosphorylation of proximal TCR signaling molecules. AQP4 deficiency or inhibition impairs actin cytoskeleton rearrangements following TCR crosslinking, causing inferior TCR polarization and a loss of TCR signaling. Our findings reveal a novel function of AQP4 in T lymphocytes and identify AQP4 as a potential therapeutic target for preventing TCR-mediated T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Juyeun Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Ashley Beavers
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Danielle Kish
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - George W. Farr
- Aeromics Inc., 470 James Street Suite 007, New Haven, CT 06513, United States
| | - Paul R. McGuirk
- Aeromics Inc., 470 James Street Suite 007, New Haven, CT 06513, United States
| | - Marc F. Pelletier
- Aeromics Inc., 470 James Street Suite 007, New Haven, CT 06513, United States
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
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6
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Baliova M, Jahodova I, Jursky F. A Significant Difference in Core PDZ Interactivity of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV2 and MERS-CoV Protein E Peptide PDZ Motifs In Vitro. Protein J 2023:10.1007/s10930-023-10103-x. [PMID: 36932261 PMCID: PMC10023026 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Small structural E protein of coronaviruses uses its C-terminal PDZ motif to compromise the cellular PDZ interactome. In this work we compared core PDZ interactivity of small (seven amino acids) peptide PDZ motifs, originating from the envelope proteins of recently transmitted coronaviruses SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV2, and MERS-CoV. As the interaction targets we used 23 domains of the largest PDZ proteins MUPP1/MPDZ and PATJ/INAD. Results revealed exceptional affinity and interaction promiscuity of MERS-CoV PDZ motif in vitro, suggesting an increased probability of potential PDZ targets in vivo. We hypothesize that together with its known ability to enter the cells from both apical and basolateral sites, this might further contribute to its elevated disruption of cellular PDZ pathways and higher virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Baliova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Jahodova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Jursky
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia
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7
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Viral subversion of the cell polarity regulator Scribble. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:415-426. [PMID: 36606695 PMCID: PMC9987997 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Scribble is a scaffolding protein that regulates key events such as cell polarity, tumorigenesis and neuronal signalling. Scribble belongs to the LAP family which comprise of 16 Leucine Rich Repeats (LRR) at the N-terminus, two LAP Specific Domains (LAPSD) and four PSD-95/Discs-large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domains at the C-terminus. The four PDZ domains have been shown to be key for a range of protein-protein interactions and have been identified to be crucial mediators for the vast majority of Scribble interactions, particularly via PDZ Binding Motifs (PBMs) often found at the C-terminus of interacting proteins. Dysregulation of Scribble is associated with poor prognosis in viral infections due to subversion of multiple cell signalling pathways by viral effector proteins. Here, we review the molecular details of the interplay between Scribble and viral effector proteins that provide insight into the potential modes of regulation of Scribble mediated polarity signalling.
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8
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Javorsky A, Maddumage JC, Mackie ERR, Soares da Costa TP, Humbert PO, Kvansakul M. Structural insight into the Scribble PDZ domains interaction with the oncogenic Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 (HTLV-1) Tax1 PBM. FEBS J 2023; 290:974-987. [PMID: 36029163 PMCID: PMC10952772 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scribble (Scrib) is a highly conserved cell polarity regulator that harbours potent tumour suppressor activity and plays an important role in cell migration. Dysregulation of polarity is associated with poor prognosis during viral infections. Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 (HTLV-1) encodes for the oncogenic Tax1 protein, a modulator of the transcription of viral and human proteins that can cause cell cycle dysregulation as well as a loss of genomic integrity. Previous studies established that Scribble interacts with Tax1 via its C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PBM), leading to aggregation of polarity regulators and subsequent perturbation of host cell adhesion, proliferation, and signalling. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we now show that all four PDZ domains of Scribble bind to Tax1 PBM. We then determined crystal structures of Scribble PDZ1, PDZ2 and PDZ3 domains bound to Tax1 PBM. Our findings establish a structural basis for Tax1-mediated subversion of Scribble-mediated cell polarity signalling and provide the platform for mechanistic studies to examine Tax1 induced mislocalization of Scribble and the associated changes in cellular architecture and subsequent tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airah Javorsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Janesha C. Maddumage
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Emily R. R. Mackie
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Tatiana P. Soares da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- Research Centre for Molecular Cancer PreventionLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & PharmacologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Department of Clinical PathologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- Research Centre for Molecular Cancer PreventionLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
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9
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Chann AS, Chen Y, Kinwel T, Humbert PO, Russell SM. Scribble and E-cadherin cooperate to control symmetric daughter cell positioning by multiple mechanisms. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286705. [PMID: 36661138 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of the two daughter cells is intimately connected to their positioning, which is in turn regulated by cell junction remodelling and orientation of the mitotic spindle. How multiple cues are integrated to dictate the ultimate positioning of daughters is not clear. Here, we identify novel mechanisms of regulation of daughter positioning in single MCF10A cells. The polarity protein, Scribble cooperates with E-cadherin for sequential roles in daughter positioning. First Scribble stabilises E-cadherin at the mitotic cortex as well as the retraction fibres, to mediate spindle orientation. Second, Scribble re-locates to the junction between the two daughters to allow a new E-cadherin-based-interface to form between them, influencing the width of the nascent daughter-daughter junction and subsequent cell positioning. Thus, E-cadherin and Scribble dynamically relocate to different intracellular sites during cell division to orient the mitotic spindle and control placement of the daughter cells after cell division. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchi S Chann
- Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000Australia
| | - Ye Chen
- Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000Australia
| | - Tanja Kinwel
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.,Research Centre for Molecular Cancer Prevention, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah M Russell
- Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Whitford MKM, McCaffrey L. Polarity in breast development and cancer. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:245-283. [PMID: 37100520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland development and breast cancer progression are associated with extensive remodeling of epithelial tissue architecture. Apical-basal polarity is a key feature of epithelial cells that coordinates key elements of epithelial morphogenesis including cell organization, proliferation, survival, and migration. In this review we discuss advances in our understanding of how apical-basal polarity programs are used in breast development and cancer. We describe cell lines, organoids, and in vivo models commonly used for studying apical-basal polarity in breast development and disease and discuss advantages and limitations of each. We also provide examples of how core polarity proteins regulate branching morphogenesis and lactation during development. We describe alterations to core polarity genes in breast cancer and their associations with patient outcomes. The impact of up- or down-regulation of key polarity proteins in breast cancer initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance are discussed. We also introduce studies demonstrating that polarity programs are involved in regulating the stroma, either through epithelial-stroma crosstalk, or through signaling of polarity proteins in non-epithelial cell types. Overall, a key concept is that the function of individual polarity proteins is highly contextual, depending on developmental or cancer stage and cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara K M Whitford
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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11
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Čada Š, Vondálová Blanářová O, Gömoryová K, Mikulová A, Bačovská P, Zezula N, Kumari Jadaun A, Janovská P, Plešingerová H, Bryja V. Role of casein kinase 1 in the amoeboid migration of B-cell leukemic and lymphoma cells: A quantitative live imaging in the confined environment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:911966. [PMID: 36561363 PMCID: PMC9763939 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.911966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The migratory properties of leukemic cells are commonly associated with their pathological potential and can significantly affect the disease progression. While the research in immunopathology mostly employed powerful indirect methods such as flow cytometry, these cells were rarely observed directly using live imaging microscopy. This is especially true for the malignant cells of the B-cell lineage, such as those originating from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In this study, we employed open-source image analysis tools to automatically and quantitatively describe the amoeboid migration of four B-cell leukemic and lymphoma cell lines and primary CLL cells. To avoid the effect of the shear stress of the medium on these usually non-adherent cells, we have confined the cells using a modified under-agarose assay. Surprisingly, the behavior of tested cell lines differed substantially in terms of basal motility or response to chemokines and VCAM1 stimulation. Since casein kinase 1 (CK1) was reported as a regulator of B-cell migration and a promoter of CLL, we looked at the effects of CK1 inhibition in more detail. Migration analysis revealed that CK1 inhibition induced rapid negative effects on the migratory polarity of these cells, which was quantitatively and morphologically distinct from the effect of ROCK inhibition. We have set up an assay that visualizes endocytic vesicles in the uropod and facilitates morphological analysis. This assay hints that the effect of CK1 inhibition might be connected to defects in polarized intracellular transport. In summary, 1) we introduce and validate a pipeline for the imaging and quantitative assessment of the amoeboid migration of CLL/MCL cells, 2) we provide evidence that the assay is sensitive enough to mechanistically study migration defects identified by the transwell assay, and 3) we describe the polarity defects induced by inhibition or deletion of CK1ε.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Čada
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Kristína Gömoryová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Antónia Mikulová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petra Bačovská
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Nikodém Zezula
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alka Kumari Jadaun
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavlína Janovská
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Plešingerová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia,Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia,*Correspondence: Vítězslav Bryja,
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12
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Roig SR, Cassinelli S, Navarro-Pérez M, Pérez-Verdaguer M, Estadella I, Capera J, Felipe A. S-acylation-dependent membrane microdomain localization of the regulatory Kvβ2.1 subunit. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:230. [PMID: 35396942 PMCID: PMC8994742 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-dependent potassium (Kv) channel Kvβ family was the first identified group of modulators of Kv channels. Kvβ regulation of the α-subunits, in addition to their aldoketoreductase activity, has been under extensive study. However, scarce information about their specific α-subunit-independent biology is available. The expression of Kvβs is ubiquitous and, similar to Kv channels, is tightly regulated in leukocytes. Although Kvβ subunits exhibit cytosolic distribution, spatial localization, in close contact with plasma membrane Kv channels, is crucial for a proper immune response. Therefore, Kvβ2.1 is located near cell surface Kv1.3 channels within the immunological synapse during lymphocyte activation. The objective of this study was to analyze the structural elements that participate in the cellular distribution of Kvβs. It was demonstrated that Kvβ peptides, in addition to the cytoplasmic pattern, targeted the cell surface in the absence of Kv channels. Furthermore, Kvβ2.1, but not Kvβ1.1, targeted lipid raft microdomains in an S-acylation-dependent manner, which was concomitant with peptide localization within the immunological synapse. A pair of C-terminal cysteines (C301/C311) was mostly responsible for the specific palmitoylation of Kvβ2.1. Several insults altered Kvβ2.1 membrane localization. Therefore, growth factor-dependent proliferation enhanced surface targeting, whereas PKC activation impaired lipid raft expression. However, PSD95 stabilized Kvβ2.1 in these domains. This data shed light on the molecular mechanism by which Kvβ2.1 clusters into immunological synapses during leukocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Roig
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Imaging Core Facility, Biozentrum University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Cassinelli
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Navarro-Pérez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Pérez-Verdaguer
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Irene Estadella
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesusa Capera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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González-Mancha N, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Alcover A, Merida I. Sorting Nexin 27 Enables MTOC and Secretory Machinery Translocation to the Immune Synapse. Front Immunol 2022; 12:814570. [PMID: 35095913 PMCID: PMC8790036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.814570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) association to the retromer complex mediates intracellular trafficking of cargoes containing PSD95/Dlg1/ZO-1 (PDZ)-binding C-terminal sequences from endosomes to the cell surface, preventing their lysosomal degradation. Antigen recognition by T lymphocyte leads to the formation of a highly organized structure named the immune synapse (IS), which ensures cell-cell communication and sustained T cell activation. At the neuronal synapse, SNX27 recycles PDZ-binding receptors and its defective expression is associated with synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. In T lymphocytes, SNX27 was found localized at recycling endosomal compartments that polarized to the IS, suggesting a function in polarized traffic to this structure. Proteomic analysis of PDZ-SNX27 interactors during IS formation identify proteins with known functions in cytoskeletal reorganization and lipid regulation, such as diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (DGK) ζ, as well as components of the retromer and WASH complex. In this study, we investigated the consequences of SNX27 deficiency in cytoskeletal reorganization during IS formation. Our analyses demonstrate that SNX27 controls the polarization towards the cell-cell interface of the PDZ-interacting cargoes DGKζ and the retromer subunit vacuolar protein sorting protein 26, among others. SNX27 silencing abolishes the formation of a DAG gradient at the IS and prevents re-localization of the dynactin complex component dynactin-1/p150Glued, two events that correlate with impaired microtubule organizing center translocation (MTOC). SNX27 silenced cells show marked alteration in cytoskeleton organization including a failure in the organization of the microtubule network and defects in actin clearance at the IS. Reduced SNX27 expression was also found to hinder the arrangement of signaling microclusters at the IS, as well as the polarization of the secretory machinery towards the antigen presenting cells. Our results broaden the knowledge of SNX27 function in T lymphocytes by showing a function in modulating IS organization through regulated trafficking of cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia González-Mancha
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, INSERM U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue-2018, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Merida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Čada Š, Bryja V. Local Wnt signalling in the asymmetric migrating vertebrate cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 125:26-36. [PMID: 34896020 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signalling is known to generate cellular asymmetry via Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway (Wnt/PCP). Wnt/PCP acts locally (i) to orient membrane polarity and asymmetric establishment of intercellular junctions via conserved set of PCP proteins most specifically represented by Vangl and Prickle, and (ii) to asymmetrically rearrange cytoskeletal structures via downstream effectors of Dishevelled (Dvl). This process is best described on stable phenotypes of epithelial cells. Here, however, we review the activity of Wnt signalling in migratory cells which experience the extensive rearrangements of cytoskeleton and consequently dynamic asymmetry, making the localised effects of Wnt signalling easier to distinguish. Firstly, we focused on migration of neuronal axons, which allows to study how the pre-existent cellular asymmetry can influence Wnt signalling outcome. Then, we reviewed the role of Wnt signalling in models of mesenchymal migration including neural crest, melanoma, and breast cancer cells. Last, we collected evidence for local Wnt signalling in amoeboid cells, especially lymphocytes. As the outcome of this review, we identify blank spots in our current understanding of this topic, propose models that synthesise the current observations and allow formulation of testable hypotheses for the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Čada
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
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15
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Disc Large Homolog 1 Is Critical for Early T Cell Receptor Micro Cluster Formation and Activation in Human T Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121446. [PMID: 34960191 PMCID: PMC8709471 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation by antigen involves multiple sequential steps, including T cell receptor-microcluster TCR-(MC) formation, immunological synapse formation, and phosphorylation of mediators downstream of the TCR. The adaptor protein, Disc Large Homolog 1 (DLG1), is known to regulate proximal TCR signaling and, in turn, T cell activation, acting as a molecular chaperone that organizes specific kinases downstream of antigen recognition. In this study, we used knockdown and knockout technologies in human primary T cells and a human T cell line to demonstrate the role of DLG1 in proximal T cell signaling. High-end confocal microscopy was used for pictorial representation of T cell micro-clusters and colocalization studies. From all these studies, we could demonstrate that DLG1 functions even earlier than immunological synapse formation, to regulate T cell activation by promoting TCR-MC formation. Moreover, we found that DLG1 can act as a bridge between the TCR-ζ chain and ZAP70 while inhibiting binding of the phosphatase SHP1 to TCR-ζ. Together, these effects drive dysregulation of T cell activation in DLG1-deficient T cells. Overall, the activation and survival status of T cell is a critical determinant of effective vaccine response, and DLG1-mediated T cell signaling events can be a driving factor for improving vaccine-designing strategies.
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16
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Mastrogiovanni M, Di Bartolo V, Alcover A. Cell Polarity Regulators, Multifunctional Organizers of Lymphocyte Activation and Function. Biomed J 2021; 45:299-309. [PMID: 34626864 PMCID: PMC9250085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity regulators are ubiquitous, evolutionary conserved multifunctional proteins. They contain a variety of protein–protein interaction domains endowing them the capacity to interact with cytoskeleton structures, membrane components and multiple regulatory proteins. In this way, they act in complexes and are pivotal for cell growth and differentiation, tissue formation, stability and turnover, cell migration, wound healing, and others. Hence some of these proteins are tumor suppressors. These cellular processes rely on the establishment of cell polarity characterized by the asymmetric localization of proteins, RNAs, membrane domains, or organelles that together condition cell shape and function. Whether apparently stable, as in epithelia or neurons, or very dynamic, as in immune cells, cell polarity is an active process. It involves cytoskeleton reorganization and targeted intracellular traffic, and results in cellular events such as protein synthesis, secretion and assembly taking place at defined cell poles. Multiple polarity regulators orchestrate these processes. Immune cells are particularly versatile in rapidly polarizing and assuming different shapes, so to swiftly adopt specialized behaviors and functions. Polarity regulators act in various ways in different immune cell types and at their distinct differentiation states. Here we review how cell polarity regulators control different processes and functions along T lymphocyte physiology, including cell migration through different tissues, immunological synapse formation and effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM-U1224. F-75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005 Paris. France
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM-U1224. F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM-U1224. F-75015 Paris, France.
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17
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The polarity protein PARD3 and cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:4245-4262. [PMID: 34099863 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue disorganisation is one of the main hallmarks of cancer. Polarity proteins are responsible for the arrangement of cells within epithelial tissues through the asymmetric organisation of cellular components. Partition defective 3 (PARD3) is a master regulator of the Par polarity complex primarily due to its ability to form large complexes via its self-homologous binding domain. In addition to its role in polarity, PARD3 is a scaffolding protein that binds to intracellular signalling molecules, many of which are frequently deregulated in cancer. The role of PARD3 has been implicated in multiple solid cancers as either a tumour suppressor or promoter. This dual functionality is both physiologically and cell context dependent. In this review, we will discuss PARD3's role in tumourigenesis in both laboratory and clinical settings. We will also review several of the mechanisms underpinning PARD3's function including its association with intracellular signalling pathways and its role in the regulation of asymmetric cell division.
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18
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Allam AH, Charnley M, Pham K, Russell SM. Developing T cells form an immunological synapse for passage through the β-selection checkpoint. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e201908108. [PMID: 33464309 PMCID: PMC7814350 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-selection checkpoint of T cell development tests whether the cell has recombined its genomic DNA to produce a functional T cell receptor β (TCRβ). Passage through the β-selection checkpoint requires the nascent TCRβ protein to mediate signaling through a pre-TCR complex. In this study, we show that developing T cells at the β-selection checkpoint establish an immunological synapse in in vitro and in situ, resembling that of the mature T cell. The immunological synapse is dependent on two key signaling pathways known to be critical for the transition beyond the β-selection checkpoint, Notch and CXCR4 signaling. In vitro and in situ analyses indicate that the immunological synapse promotes passage through the β-selection checkpoint. Collectively, these data indicate that developing T cells regulate pre-TCR signaling through the formation of an immunological synapse. This signaling platform integrates cues from Notch, CXCR4, and MHC on the thymic stromal cell to allow transition beyond the β-selection checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr H. Allam
- Optical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mirren Charnley
- Optical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Pham
- Optical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah M. Russell
- Optical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Mastrogiovanni M, Juzans M, Alcover A, Di Bartolo V. Coordinating Cytoskeleton and Molecular Traffic in T Cell Migration, Activation, and Effector Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:591348. [PMID: 33195256 PMCID: PMC7609836 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.591348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic localization of receptors and signaling molecules at the plasma membrane and within intracellular vesicular compartments is crucial for T lymphocyte sensing environmental cues, triggering membrane receptors, recruiting signaling molecules, and fine-tuning of intracellular signals. The orchestrated action of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and intracellular vesicle traffic plays a key role in all these events that together ensure important steps in T cell physiology. These include extravasation and migration through lymphoid and peripheral tissues, T cell interactions with antigen-presenting cells, T cell receptor (TCR) triggering by cognate antigen-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) complexes, immunological synapse formation, cell activation, and effector functions. Cytoskeletal and vesicle traffic dynamics and their interplay are coordinated by a variety of regulatory molecules. Among them, polarity regulators and membrane-cytoskeleton linkers are master controllers of this interplay. Here, we review the various ways the T cell plasma membrane, receptors, and their signaling machinery interplay with the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and with intracellular vesicular compartments. We highlight the importance of this fine-tuned crosstalk in three key stages of T cell biology involving cell polarization: T cell migration in response to chemokines, immunological synapse formation in response to antigen cues, and effector functions. Finally, we discuss two examples of perturbation of this interplay in pathological settings, such as HIV-1 infection and mutation of the polarity regulator and tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) that leads to familial polyposis and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer – Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marie Juzans
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer – Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer – Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer – Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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20
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Barreda D, Ramón-Luing LA, Duran-Luis O, Bobadilla K, Chacón-Salinas R, Santos-Mendoza T. Scrib and Dlg1 polarity proteins regulate Ag presentation in human dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:883-893. [PMID: 32293058 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0320-544rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported, for the first time, the expression and regulation of the PDZ polarity proteins Scrib and Dlg1 in human APCs, and also described the viral targeting of these proteins by NS1 of influenza A virus in human dendritic cells (DCs). Scrib plays an important role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Mϕs and uropod formation and migration in T cells, while Dlg1 is important for T cell downstream activation after Ag recognition. Nevertheless, the functions of these proteins in human DCs remain unknown. Here, we knocked-down the expression of both Scrib and Dlg1 in human DCs and then evaluated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine production during maturation. We demonstrated that Scrib is necessary for adequate CD86 expression, while Dlg1 is important for CD83 up-regulation and IL-6 production upon maturation, suggesting that Scrib and Dlg1 participate in separate pathways in DCs. Additionally, both proteins are required for adequate IL-12 production after maturation. Furthermore, we showed that the inefficient maturation of DCs induced by Scrib or Dlg1 depletion leads to impaired T cell activation. Our results revealed the previously unknown contribution of Scrib and Dlg1 in human DCs pivotal functions, which may be able to impact innate and adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Barreda
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lucero A Ramón-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Olivia Duran-Luis
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Bobadilla
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Teresa Santos-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Valdivia A, Cárdenas A, Brenet M, Maldonado H, Kong M, Díaz J, Burridge K, Schneider P, San Martín A, García-Mata R, Quest AFG, Leyton L. Syndecan-4/PAR-3 signaling regulates focal adhesion dynamics in mesenchymal cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:129. [PMID: 32811537 PMCID: PMC7433185 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Syndecans regulate cell migration thus having key roles in scarring and wound healing processes. Our previous results have shown that Thy-1/CD90 can engage both αvβ3 integrin and Syndecan-4 expressed on the surface of astrocytes to induce cell migration. Despite a well-described role of Syndecan-4 during cell movement, information is scarce regarding specific Syndecan-4 partners involved in Thy-1/CD90-stimulated cell migration. Methods Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of complexes precipitated with the Syndecan-4 cytoplasmic tail peptide was used to identify potential Syndecan-4-binding partners. The interactions found by MS were validated by immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. The conducted research employed an array of genetic, biochemical and pharmacological approaches, including: PAR-3, Syndecan-4 and Tiam1 silencing, active Rac1 GEFs affinity precipitation, and video microscopy. Results We identified PAR-3 as a Syndecan-4-binding protein. Its interaction depended on the carboxy-terminal EFYA sequence present on Syndecan-4. In astrocytes where PAR-3 expression was reduced, Thy-1-induced cell migration and focal adhesion disassembly was impaired. This effect was associated with a sustained Focal Adhesion Kinase activation in the siRNA-PAR-3 treated cells. Our data also show that Thy-1/CD90 activates Tiam1, a PAR-3 effector. Additionally, we found that after Syndecan-4 silencing, Tiam1 activation was decreased and it was no longer recruited to the membrane. Syndecan-4/PAR-3 interaction and the alteration in focal adhesion dynamics were validated in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells, thereby identifying this novel Syndecan-4/PAR-3 signaling complex as a general mechanism for mesenchymal cell migration involved in Thy-1/CD90 stimulation. Conclusions The newly identified Syndecan-4/PAR-3 signaling complex participates in Thy-1/CD90-induced focal adhesion disassembly in mesenchymal cells. The mechanism involves focal adhesion kinase dephosphorylation and Tiam1 activation downstream of Syndecan-4/PAR-3 signaling complex formation. Additionally, PAR-3 is defined here as a novel adhesome-associated component with an essential role in focal adhesion disassembly during polarized cell migration. These novel findings uncover signaling mechanisms regulating cell migration, thereby opening up new avenues for future research on Syndecan-4/PAR-3 signaling in processes such as wound healing and scarring. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Valdivia
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC) and Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile. .,Microscopy in Medicine (MiM) Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Areli Cárdenas
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile.,Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC) and Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marianne Brenet
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile.,Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC) and Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Horacio Maldonado
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonology Division, Program for Rare and Interstitial Lung Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,UNC Catalyst for Rare Disease, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Milene Kong
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile.,Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC) and Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile.,Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC) and Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alejandra San Martín
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rafael García-Mata
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile.,Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC) and Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC) and Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838-0453, Santiago, Chile.
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22
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The Scribble Complex PDZ Proteins in Immune Cell Polarities. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:5649790. [PMID: 32411799 PMCID: PMC7210543 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5649790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
hScrib and hDlg belong to the PDZ family of proteins. Since the identification of these highly phylogenetically conserved scaffolds, an increasing amount of experiments has elucidated the roles of hScrib and hDlg in a variety of cell functions. Remarkably, their participation during the establishment of polarity in epithelial cells is well documented. Although the role of both proteins in the immune system is scantly known, it has become a growing field of investigation. Here, we summarize the interactions and functions of hScrib and hDlg1, which participate in diverse functions involving cell polarization in immune cells, and discuss their relevance in the immune cell biology. The fundamental role of hScrib and hDlg1 during the establishment of the immunological synapse, hence T cell activation, and the recently described role of hScrib in reactive oxygen species production in macrophages and of hDlg1 in cytokine production by dendritic cells highlight the importance of both proteins in immune cell biology. The expression of these proteins in other leukocytes can be anticipated and needs to be confirmed. Due to their multiple interaction domains, there is a wide range of possible interactions of hScrib and hDlg1 that remains to be explored in the immune system.
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23
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Santoni MJ, Kashyap R, Camoin L, Borg JP. The Scribble family in cancer: twentieth anniversary. Oncogene 2020; 39:7019-7033. [PMID: 32999444 PMCID: PMC7527152 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the more than 160 PDZ containing proteins described in humans, the cytoplasmic scaffold Scribble stands out because of its essential role in many steps of cancer development and dissemination. Its fame has somehow blurred the importance of homologous proteins, Erbin and Lano, all belonging to the LRR and PDZ (LAP) protein family first described twenty years ago. In this review, we will retrace the history of LAP family protein research and draw attention to their contribution in cancer by detailing the features of its members at the structural and functional levels, and highlighting their shared-but also different-implication in the tumoral process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josée Santoni
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue ‘Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer’, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Rudra Kashyap
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue ‘Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer’, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholisch University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Camoin
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue ‘Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer’, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France ,grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France ,grid.440891.00000 0001 1931 4817Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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24
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Cassioli C, Baldari CT. A Ciliary View of the Immunological Synapse. Cells 2019; 8:E789. [PMID: 31362462 PMCID: PMC6721628 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium has gone from being a vestigial organelle to a crucial signaling hub of growing interest given the association between a group of human disorders, collectively known as ciliopathies, and defects in its structure or function. In recent years many ciliogenesis proteins have been observed at extraciliary sites in cells and likely perform cilium-independent functions ranging from regulation of the cytoskeleton to vesicular trafficking. Perhaps the most striking example is the non-ciliated T lymphocyte, in which components of the ciliary machinery are repurposed for the assembly and function of the immunological synapse even in the absence of a primary cilium. Furthermore, the specialization traits described at the immunological synapse are similar to those seen in the primary cilium. Here, we review common regulators and features shared by the immunological synapse and the primary cilium that document the remarkable homology between these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cassioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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25
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Gutiérrez-González LH, Santos-Mendoza T. Viral targeting of PDZ polarity proteins in the immune system as a potential evasion mechanism. FASEB J 2019; 33:10607-10617. [PMID: 31336050 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900518r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PDZ proteins are highly conserved through evolution; the principal function of this large family of proteins is to assemble protein complexes that are involved in many cellular processes, such as cell-cell junctions, cell polarity, recycling, or trafficking. Many PDZ proteins that have been identified as targets of viral pathogens by promoting viral replication and spread are also involved in epithelial cell polarity. Here, we briefly review the PDZ polarity proteins in cells of the immune system to subsequently focus on our hypothesis that the viral PDZ-dependent targeting of PDZ polarity proteins in these cells may alter the cellular fitness of the host to favor that of the virus; we further hypothesize that this modification of the cellular fitness landscape occurs as a common and widespread mechanism for immune evasion by viruses and possibly other pathogens.-Gutiérrez-González, L. H., Santos-Mendoza, T. Viral targeting of PDZ polarity proteins in the immune system as a potential evasion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Gutiérrez-González
- Department of Virology and Mycology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Santos-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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26
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Dong X, Wei L, Guo X, Yang Z, Wu C, Li P, Lu L, Qi H, Shi Y, Hu X, Wu L, Chen L, Liu W. Dlg1 Maintains Dendritic Cell Function by Securing Voltage-Gated K + Channel Integrity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3187-3197. [PMID: 31028120 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play key roles in Ab responses by presenting Ags to lymphocytes and by producing proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we reported that DC-specific knockout of discs large homologue 1 (Dlg1) resulted in a significantly reduced capacity to mediate Ab responses to both thymus-independent and thymus-dependent Ags in Dlg1 fl/flCd11c-Cre-GFP mice. Mechanistically, Dlg1-deficient DCs showed severely impaired endocytosis and phagocytosis capacities upon Ag exposure. In parallel, loss of Dlg1 significantly jeopardized the proinflammatory cytokine production by DCs upon TLR stimulation. Thus, Dlg1-deficient DCs lost their functions to support innate and adaptive immunities. At a cellular level, Dlg1 exhibited an indispensable function to maintain membrane potential changes by securing potassium ion (K+) efflux and subsequent calcium ion (Ca2+) influx events in DCs upon stimulation, both of which are known to be required for proper function of DCs. At a molecular level, Dlg1 did so by retaining the integrity of voltage-gated K+ channels (including Kv1.3) in DCs. The loss of Dlg1 led to a decreased expression of K+ channels, resulting in impaired membrane potential changes and, as a consequence, reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, compromised Ag endocytosis, and phagocytosis. In conclusion, this study provided, to our knowledge, a novel insight into Dlg1 and the voltage-gated K+ channels axis in DC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lisi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xueheng Guo
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,National Education Examinations Authority, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20851
| | - Peiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministry of Education/Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infections, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministry of Education/Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai Qi
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Wu
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Wanli Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
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27
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Polarity of CD4+ T cells towards the antigen presenting cell is regulated by the Lck adapter TSAd. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13319. [PMID: 30190583 PMCID: PMC6127336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarization of T cells towards the antigen presenting cell (APC) is critically important for appropriate activation and differentiation of the naïve T cell. Here we used imaging flow cytometry (IFC) and show that the activation induced Lck and Itk adapter T cell specific adapter protein (TSAd), encoded by SH2D2A, modulates polarization of T cells towards the APC. Upon exposure to APC presenting the cognate antigen Id, Sh2d2a−/− CD4+ T cells expressing Id-specific transgenic T cell receptor (TCR), displayed impaired polarization of F-actin and TCR to the immunological synapse (IS). Sh2d2a−/− T-cells that did polarize F-actin and TCR still displayed impaired polarization of PKCξ, PAR3 and the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). In vitro differentiation of activated Sh2d2a−/− T cells was skewed towards an effector memory (Tem) rather than a central memory (Tcm) phenotype. A similar trend was observed for Id-specific TCR Sh2d2a−/− T cells stimulated with APC and cognate antigen. Taken together our data suggest that TSAd modulates differentiation of experienced T cells possibly through polarization of CD4+ T cells towards the APC.
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28
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Dash BP, Schnöder TM, Kathner C, Mohr J, Weinert S, Herzog C, Godavarthy PS, Zanetti C, Perner F, Braun-Dullaeus R, Hartleben B, Huber TB, Walz G, Naumann M, Ellis S, Vasioukhin V, Kähne T, Krause DS, Heidel FH. Diverging impact of cell fate determinants Scrib and Llgl1 on adhesion and migration of hematopoietic stem cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1933-1944. [PMID: 30083817 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell fate determinants Scrib and Llgl1 influence self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Scrib-deficient HSCs are functionally impaired and lack sufficient repopulation capacity during serial transplantation and stress. In contrast, loss of Llgl1 leads to increased HSC fitness, gain of self-renewal capacity and expansion of the stem cell pool. Here, we sought to assess for shared and unique molecular functions of Llgl1 and Scrib by analyzing their interactome in hematopoietic cells. METHODS Interactome analysis was performed by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry. Motility, migration and adhesion were assessed on primary murine HSCs, which were isolated by FACS sorting following conditional deletion of Scrib or Llgl1, respectively. Imaging of Scrib-deficient HSCs was performed by intravital 2-photon microscopy. RESULTS Comparison of Scrib and Llgl1 interactome analyses revealed involvement in common and unique cellular functions. Migration and adhesion were among the cellular functions connected to Scrib but not to Llgl1. Functional validation of these findings confirmed alterations in cell adhesion and migration of Scrib-deficient HSCs in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, genetic inactivation of Llgl1 did not affect adhesion or migratory capacity of hematopoietic stem cells. CONCLUSION Our data provide first evidence for an evolutionarily conserved role of the cell fate determinant Scrib in HSC adhesion and migration in vitro and in vivo, a unique function that is not shared with its putative complex partner Llgl1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banaja P Dash
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Tina M Schnöder
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Carolin Kathner
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Juliane Mohr
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Weinert
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Herzog
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Costanza Zanetti
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Perner
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Braun-Dullaeus
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Björn Hartleben
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Ellis
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Valera Vasioukhin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela S Krause
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.
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29
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Allam AH, Charnley M, Russell SM. Context-Specific Mechanisms of Cell Polarity Regulation. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3457-3471. [PMID: 29886017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarity is an essential process shared by almost all animal tissues. Moreover, cell polarity enables cells to sense and respond to the cues provided by the neighboring cells and the surrounding microenvironment. These responses play a critical role in regulating key physiological processes, including cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, vesicle trafficking and immune responses. The polarity protein complexes regulating these interactions are highly evolutionarily conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates. Interestingly, these polarity complexes interact with each other and key signaling pathways in a cell-polarity context-dependent manner. However, the exact mechanisms by which these interactions take place are poorly understood. In this review, we will focus on the roles of the key polarity complexes SCRIB, PAR and Crumbs in regulating different forms of cell polarity, including epithelial cell polarity, cell migration, asymmetric cell division and the T-cell immunological synapse assembly and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr H Allam
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia; Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Mirren Charnley
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia; Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia; Biointerface Engineering Group, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sarah M Russell
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia; Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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30
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Agüera-González S, Burton OT, Vázquez-Chávez E, Cuche C, Herit F, Bouchet J, Lasserre R, Del Río-Iñiguez I, Di Bartolo V, Alcover A. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Defines Treg Differentiation and Anti-inflammatory Function through Microtubule-Mediated NFAT Localization. Cell Rep 2018; 21:181-194. [PMID: 28978472 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a polarity regulator and tumor suppressor associated with familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer development. Although extensively studied in epithelial transformation, the effect of APC on T lymphocyte activation remains poorly defined. We found that APC ensures T cell receptor-triggered activation through Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT), since APC is necessary for NFAT's nuclear localization in a microtubule-dependent fashion and for NFAT-driven transcription leading to cytokine gene expression. Interestingly, NFAT forms clusters juxtaposed with microtubules. Ultimately, mouse Apc deficiency reduces the presence of NFAT in the nucleus of intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs) and impairs Treg differentiation and the acquisition of a suppressive phenotype, which is characterized by the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These findings suggest a dual role for APC mutations in colorectal cancer development, where mutations drive the initiation of epithelial neoplasms and also reduce Treg-mediated suppression of the detrimental inflammation that enhances cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Agüera-González
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Oliver T Burton
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Vázquez-Chávez
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Céline Cuche
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Floriane Herit
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bouchet
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Lasserre
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Iratxe Del Río-Iñiguez
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France.
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31
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Pérès E, Blin J, Ricci EP, Artesi M, Hahaut V, Van den Broeke A, Corbin A, Gazzolo L, Ratner L, Jalinot P, Duc Dodon M. PDZ domain-binding motif of Tax sustains T-cell proliferation in HTLV-1-infected humanized mice. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006933. [PMID: 29566098 PMCID: PMC5882172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), an aggressive malignant proliferation of activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. The viral Tax oncoprotein is critically involved in both HTLV-1-replication and T-cell proliferation, a prerequisite to the development of ATLL. In this study, we investigated the in vivo contribution of the Tax PDZ domain-binding motif (PBM) to the lymphoproliferative process. To that aim, we examined T-cell proliferation in humanized mice (hu-mice) carrying a human hemato-lymphoid system infected with either a wild type (WT) or a Tax PBM-deleted (ΔPBM) provirus. We observed that the frequency of CD4+ activated T-cells in the peripheral blood and in the spleen was significantly higher in WT than in ΔPBM hu-mice. Likewise, human T-cells collected from WT hu-mice and cultivated in vitro in presence of interleukin-2 were proliferating at a higher level than those from ΔPBM animals. We next examined the association of Tax with the Scribble PDZ protein, a prominent regulator of T-cell polarity, in human T-cells analyzed either after ex vivo isolation or after in vitro culture. We confirmed the interaction of Tax with Scribble only in T-cells from the WT hu-mice. This association correlated with the presence of both proteins in aggregates at the leading edge of the cells and with the formation of long actin filopods. Finally, data from a comparative genome-wide transcriptomic analysis suggested that the PBM-PDZ association is implicated in the expression of genes regulating proliferation, apoptosis and cytoskeletal organization. Collectively, our findings suggest that the Tax PBM is an auxiliary motif that contributes to the sustained growth of HTLV-1 infected T-cells in vivo and in vitro and is essential to T-cell immortalization. The viral Tax oncoprotein is a critical contributor to the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, an aggressive malignant proliferation of T lymphocytes. Tax contains a PDZ domain-binding motif (PBM) that favors the interaction with several cellular PDZ proteins. Here, we compare the in vivo involvement of the Tax PBM in humanized mice infected with either a full-length provirus or a Tax PBM-deleted provirus. We observe that the establishment of the sustained lymphoproliferation in the peripheral blood of infected mice is dependent on the Tax PBM. Furthermore, binding of the Tax PBM to the PDZ Scribble protein correlated with perturbations of cytoskeletal organization and cell polarity. In addition, genome-wide transcriptomic analyses strongly suggest that the association of Tax PBM with cellular PDZ proteins results in the expression of several genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis and cytoskeletal organization. Collectively, these results indicate that the Tax PBM is an auxiliary motif that contributes to the growth of HTLV-1 infected T-cells. As a consequence, targeting the PBM/PDZ nodes using small peptides may have the potential to antagonize the Tax-induced lymphoproliferation, offering a novel strategy for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Pérès
- Laboratory of Biology and Modeling of the Cell, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, INSERM U1210, CNRS UMR5239, 46 allée d'Italie, Lyon, France
| | - Juliana Blin
- International Center for Infectiology Research, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, 46 allée d'Italie, Lyon, France
| | - Emiliano P. Ricci
- International Center for Infectiology Research, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, 46 allée d'Italie, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Artesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Hahaut
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne Van den Broeke
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Corbin
- International Center for Infectiology Research, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, 46 allée d'Italie, Lyon, France
| | - Louis Gazzolo
- Laboratory of Biology and Modeling of the Cell, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, INSERM U1210, CNRS UMR5239, 46 allée d'Italie, Lyon, France
| | - Lee Ratner
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Pierre Jalinot
- Laboratory of Biology and Modeling of the Cell, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, INSERM U1210, CNRS UMR5239, 46 allée d'Italie, Lyon, France
| | - Madeleine Duc Dodon
- Laboratory of Biology and Modeling of the Cell, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, INSERM U1210, CNRS UMR5239, 46 allée d'Italie, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Structure function relations in PDZ-domain-containing proteins: Implications for protein networks in cellular signalling. J Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-017-9727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Barreda D, Sánchez-Galindo M, López-Flores J, Nava-Castro KE, Bobadilla K, Salgado-Aguayo A, Santos-Mendoza T. PDZ proteins are expressed and regulated in antigen-presenting cells and are targets of influenza A virus. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:731-738. [PMID: 29345359 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ab0517-184r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we identified the expression, regulation, and viral targeting of Scribble and Dlg1 in antigen-presenting cells. Scribble and Dlg1 belong to the family of PDZ (postsynaptic density (PSD95), disc large (Dlg), and zonula occludens (ZO-1)) proteins involved in cell polarity. The relevance of PDZ proteins in cellular functions is reinforced by the fact that many viruses interfere with host PDZ-dependent interactions affecting cellular mechanisms thus favoring viral replication. The functions of Scribble and Dlg have been widely studied in polarized cells such as epithelial and neuron cells. However, within the cells of the immune system, their functions have been described only in T and B lymphocytes. Here we demonstrated that Scribble and Dlg1 are differentially expressed during antigen-presenting cell differentiation and dendritic cell maturation. While both Scribble and Dlg1 seem to participate in distinct dendritic cell functions, both are targeted by the viral protein NS1 of influenza A in a PDZ-dependent manner in dendritic cells. Our findings suggest that these proteins might be involved in the mechanisms of innate immunity and/or antigen processing and presentation that can be hijacked by viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Barreda
- Department of Immunology. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Immunology, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisa Sánchez-Galindo
- Department of Immunology. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessica López-Flores
- Department of Immunology. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen E Nava-Castro
- Department of Immunology. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACYT, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Bobadilla
- Department of Immunology. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- Department of Research in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Santos-Mendoza
- Department of Immunology. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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Marziali F, Bugnon Valdano M, Brunet Avalos C, Moriena L, Cavatorta AL, Gardiol D. Interference of HTLV-1 Tax Protein with Cell Polarity Regulators: Defining the Subcellular Localization of the Tax-DLG1 Interaction. Viruses 2017; 9:E355. [PMID: 29168728 PMCID: PMC5744130 DOI: 10.3390/v9120355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 Tax (Tax) protein is very important in viral replication and cell transformation. Tax localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasm in association with organelles. Some activities of Tax depend on interactions with PDZ (PSD-95/Discs Large/Z0-1) domain-containing proteins such as Discs large protein 1 (DLG1) which is involved in cell polarity and proliferation. The DLG1 interaction results in a cytoplasmic co-localization pattern resembling vesicular aggregates, the nature of which is still unknown. To further explore the role of PDZ proteins in HTLV-1 cell transformation, we deeply investigated the Tax-DLG1 association. By fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we detected, for the first time, the direct binding of Tax to DLG1 within the cell. We showed that the interaction specifically affects the cellular distribution of not only DLG1, but also Tax. After studying different cell structures, we demonstrated that the aggregates distribute into the Golgi apparatus in spatial association with the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). This study contributes to understand the biological significance of Tax-PDZ interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Marziali
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Marina Bugnon Valdano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Clarisse Brunet Avalos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Lucía Moriena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ana Laura Cavatorta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Gardiol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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Tello-Lafoz M, Martínez-Martínez G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Albar JP, Huse M, Gharbi S, Merida I. Sorting nexin 27 interactome in T-lymphocytes identifies zona occludens-2 dynamic redistribution at the immune synapse. Traffic 2017; 18:491-504. [PMID: 28477369 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
T Lymphocyte recognition of antigens leads to the formation of a highly organized structure termed immune synapse (IS) by analogy with the neuronals synapse. Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) controls the endosomal traffic of PSD95, Dlg1, ZO-1 (PDZ) domain-interacting proteins, and its alteration is associated with impaired synaptic function and neurological diseases. In T-lymphocytes, SNX27-positive vesicles polarize to the IS, the identity of SNX27 interactors in these conditions nonetheless remains unknown. Here we used proteomics to analyze the SNX27 interactome purified from IS-forming T cells, and confirmed the conserved nature of the SNX27/WASH/retromer association in hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, our comparative interactome analysis of SNX27 wild-type and a mutant-deficient for PDZ cargo recognition identified the epithelial cell-cell junction protein zona occludens-2 (ZO-2) as an IS component. Biochemistry and microscopy approaches in T cells confirmed SNX27/ZO-2 PDZ-dependent interaction, and demonstrated its role controlling the dynamic localization of ZO-2 at the IS. This study broadens our knowledge of SNX27 function in T lymphocytes, and suggests that pathways that delimit polarized structures in nervous and epithelial systems also participate in IS regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Tello-Lafoz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Pablo Albar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Severine Gharbi
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Merida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the asymmetric localization of cellular components that allows cells to carry out their specialized functions, be they epithelial barrier function, transmission of action potentials in nerve cells, or modulation of the immune response. The establishment and maintenance of cell polarity requires the directed trafficking of membrane proteins and lipids - essential processes that are mediated by Rab GTPases. Interestingly, several of the Rabs that impact polarity are present in the earliest eukaryotes, and the Rab polarity repertoire has expanded as cells have become more complex. There is a substantial conservation of Rab function across diverse cell types. Rabs act through an assortment of effector proteins that include scaffolding proteins, cytoskeletal motors, and other small GTPases. In this review we highlight the similarities and differences in Rab function for the instruction of polarity in diverse cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Parker
- a Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ , USA
| | - Christopher Cox
- a Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ , USA
| | - Jean M Wilson
- a Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ , USA
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Blas-Rus N, Bustos-Morán E, Martín-Cófreces NB, Sánchez-Madrid F. Aurora-A shines on T cell activation through the regulation of Lck. Bioessays 2016; 39. [PMID: 27910998 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Different protein kinases control signaling emanating from the T cell receptor (TCR) during antigen-specific T cell activation. Mitotic kinases, e.g. Aurora-A, have been widely studied in the context of mitosis due to their role during microtubule (MT) nucleation, becoming critical regulators of cell cycle progression. We have recently described a specific role for Aurora-A kinase in antigenic T cell activation. Blockade of Aurora-A in T cells severely disrupts the dynamics of MTs and CD3ζ-bearing signaling vesicles during T cell activation. Furthermore, Aurora-A deletion impairs the activation of signaling molecules downstream of the TCR. Targeting Aurora-A disturbs the activation of Lck, which is one of the first signals that drive T cell activation in an antigen-dependent manner. This work describes possible models of regulation of Lck by Aurora-A during T cell activation. We also discuss possible roles for Aurora-A in other systems similar to the IS, and its putative functions in cell polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Blas-Rus
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenio Bustos-Morán
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa B Martín-Cófreces
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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38
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Schimizzi GV, Maher MT, Loza AJ, Longmore GD. Disruption of the Cdc42/Par6/aPKC or Dlg/Scrib/Lgl Polarity Complex Promotes Epithelial Proliferation via Overlapping Mechanisms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159881. [PMID: 27454609 PMCID: PMC4959776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of apical-basal polarity is a defining characteristic and essential feature of functioning epithelia. Apical-basal polarity (ABP) proteins are also tumor suppressors that are targeted for disruption by oncogenic viruses and are commonly mutated in human carcinomas. Disruption of these ABP proteins is an early event in cancer development that results in increased proliferation and epithelial disorganization through means not fully characterized. Using the proliferating Drosophila melanogaster wing disc epithelium, we demonstrate that disruption of the junctional vs. basal polarity complexes results in increased epithelial proliferation via distinct downstream signaling pathways. Disruption of the basal polarity complex results in JNK-dependent proliferation, while disruption of the junctional complex primarily results in p38-dependent proliferation. Surprisingly, the Rho-Rok-Myosin contractility apparatus appears to play opposite roles in the regulation of the proliferative phenotype based on which polarity complex is disrupted. In contrast, non-autonomous Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) signaling appears to suppress the proliferation that results from apical-basal polarity disruption, regardless of which complex is disrupted. Finally we demonstrate that disruption of the junctional polarity complex activates JNK via the Rho-Rok-Myosin contractility apparatus independent of the cortical actin regulator, Moesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory V. Schimizzi
- ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Meghan T. Maher
- ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Loza
- ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Computational and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Longmore
- ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Frietze KK, Pappy AL, Melson JW, O'Driscoll EE, Tyler CM, Perlman DH, Boulanger LM. Cryptic protein-protein interaction motifs in the cytoplasmic domain of MHCI proteins. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:24. [PMID: 27435737 PMCID: PMC4950430 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) proteins present antigenic peptides for immune surveillance and play critical roles in nervous system development and plasticity. Most MHCI are transmembrane proteins. The extracellular domain of MHCI interacts with immunoreceptors, peptides, and co-receptors to mediate immune signaling. While the cytoplasmic domain also plays important roles in endocytic trafficking, cross-presentation of extracellularly derived antigens, and CTL priming, the molecular mediators of cytoplasmic signaling by MHCI remain largely unknown. RESULTS Here we show that the cytoplasmic domain of MHCI contains putative protein-protein interaction domains known as PDZ (PSD95/disc large/zonula occludens-1) ligands. PDZ ligands are motifs that bind to PDZ domains to organize and mediate signaling at cell-cell contacts. PDZ ligands are short, degenerate motifs, and are therefore difficult to identify via sequence homology alone, but several lines of evidence suggest that putative PDZ ligand motifs in MHCI are under positive selective pressure. Putative PDZ ligands are found in all of the 99 MHCI proteins examined from diverse species, and are enriched in the cytoplasmic domain, where PDZ interactions occur. Both the position of the PDZ ligand and the class of ligand motif are conserved across species, as well as among genes within a species. Non-synonymous substitutions, when they occur, frequently preserve the motif. Of the many specific possible PDZ ligand motifs, a handful are strikingly and selectively overrepresented in MHCI's cytoplasmic domain, but not elsewhere in the same proteins. Putative PDZ ligands in MHCI encompass conserved serine and tyrosine residues that are targets of phosphorylation, a post-translational modification that can regulate PDZ interactions. Finally, proof-of-principle in vitro interaction assays demonstrate that the cytoplasmic domains of particular MHCI proteins can bind directly and specifically to PDZ1 and PDZ4&5 of MAGI-1, and identify a conserved PDZ ligand motif in the classical MHCI H2-K that is required for this interaction. CONCLUSIONS These results identify cryptic protein interaction motifs in the cytoplasmic domain of MHCI. In so doing, they suggest that the cytoplasmic domain of MHCI could participate in previously unsuspected PDZ mediated protein-protein interactions at neuronal as well as immunological synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla K Frietze
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Adlai L Pappy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Jack W Melson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Emily E O'Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Carolyn M Tyler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - David H Perlman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Lisa M Boulanger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA. .,Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) kill virus-infected and tumour cells with remarkable specificity. Upon recognition, CTLs form a cytolytic immune synapse with their target cell, and marked reorganization of both the actin and the microtubule cytoskeletons brings the centrosome up to the plasma membrane to the point of T cell receptor signalling. Secretory granules move towards the centrosome and are delivered to this focal point of secretion. Such centrosomal docking at the plasma membrane also occurs during ciliogenesis; indeed, striking similarities exist between the cytolytic synapse and the primary cilium that throw light on the possible origins of immune synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike de la Roche
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- CRUK-Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Yukako Asano
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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41
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Barker AR, McIntosh KV, Dawe HR. Centrosome positioning in non-dividing cells. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1007-1021. [PMID: 26319517 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Centrioles and centrosomes are found in almost all eukaryotic cells, where they are important for organising the microtubule cytoskeleton in both dividing and non-dividing cells. The spatial location of centrioles and centrosomes is tightly controlled and, in non-dividing cells, plays an important part in cell migration, ciliogenesis and immune cell functions. Here, we examine some of the ways that centrosomes are connected to other organelles and how this impacts on cilium formation, cell migration and immune cell function in metazoan cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Barker
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ, London
| | - Kate V McIntosh
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Helen R Dawe
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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42
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Baker L, BeGora M, Au Yeung F, Feigin ME, Rosenberg AZ, Lowe SW, Kislinger T, Muthuswamy SK. Scribble is required for pregnancy-induced alveologenesis in the adult mammary gland. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2307-15. [PMID: 27179074 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.185413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell polarity protein scribble (SCRIB) is a crucial regulator of polarization, cell migration and tumorigenesis. Whereas SCRIB is known to regulate early stages of mouse mammary gland development, its function in the adult gland is not known. Using an inducible RNA interference (RNAi) mouse model for downregulating SCRIB expression, we report an unexpected role for SCRIB as a positive regulator of cell proliferation during pregnancy-associated mammary alveologenesis. SCRIB was required in the epithelial cell compartment of the mammary gland. Lack of SCRIB attenuated prolactin-induced activation of the JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathway. In addition, loss of SCRIB resulted in the downregulation of prolactin receptor (PRLR) at cell surface and its accumulation in intracellular structures that express markers of the Golgi complex and the recycling endosome. Unlike its role in virgin gland as a negative regulator cell proliferation, SCRIB is a positive regulator of mammary epithelial cell proliferation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Baker
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael BeGora
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Faith Au Yeung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Michael E Feigin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Watson School of Biological Sciences, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Watson School of Biological Sciences, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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43
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Gandalovičová A, Vomastek T, Rosel D, Brábek J. Cell polarity signaling in the plasticity of cancer cell invasiveness. Oncotarget 2016; 7:25022-49. [PMID: 26872368 PMCID: PMC5041887 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apico-basal polarity is typical of cells present in differentiated epithelium while front-rear polarity develops in motile cells. In cancer development, the transition from epithelial to migratory polarity may be seen as the hallmark of cancer progression to an invasive and metastatic disease. Despite the morphological and functional dissimilarity, both epithelial and migratory polarity are controlled by a common set of polarity complexes Par, Scribble and Crumbs, phosphoinositides, and small Rho GTPases Rac, Rho and Cdc42. In epithelial tissues, their mutual interplay ensures apico-basal and planar cell polarity. Accordingly, altered functions of these polarity determinants lead to disrupted cell-cell adhesions, cytoskeleton rearrangements and overall loss of epithelial homeostasis. Polarity proteins are further engaged in diverse interactions that promote the establishment of front-rear polarity, and they help cancer cells to adopt different invasion modes. Invading cancer cells can employ either the collective, mesenchymal or amoeboid invasion modes or actively switch between them and gain intermediate phenotypes. Elucidation of the role of polarity proteins during these invasion modes and the associated transitions is a necessary step towards understanding the complex problem of metastasis. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of the role of cell polarity signaling in the plasticity of cancer cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Gandalovičová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vomastek
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of The Czech Republic, Videňská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
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44
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Polarity and asymmetric cell division in the control of lymphocyte fate decisions and function. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 39:143-9. [PMID: 26945468 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polarity is important in several lymphocyte processes including lymphocyte migration, formation of the immunological synapse, and asymmetric cell division (ACD). While lymphocyte migration and immunological synapse formation are relatively well understood, the role of lymphocyte ACD is less clear. Recent advances in measuring polarity enable more robust analyses of asymmetric cell division. Use of these new methods has produced crucial quantification of ACD at precise phases of lymphocyte development and activation. These developments are leading to a better understanding of the drivers of fate choice during lymphocyte activation and provide a context within which to explain the effects of ACD.
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45
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James CD, Roberts S. Viral Interactions with PDZ Domain-Containing Proteins-An Oncogenic Trait? Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5010008. [PMID: 26797638 PMCID: PMC4810129 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the human viruses with oncogenic capabilities, either in their natural host or in experimental systems (hepatitis B and C, human T cell leukaemia virus type 1, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, human immunodeficiency virus, high-risk human papillomaviruses and adenovirus type 9), encode in their limited genome the ability to target cellular proteins containing PSD95/ DLG/ZO-1 (PDZ) interaction modules. In many cases (but not always), the viruses have evolved to bind the PDZ domains using the same short linear peptide motifs found in host protein-PDZ interactions, and in some cases regulate the interactions in a similar fashion by phosphorylation. What is striking is that the diverse viruses target a common subset of PDZ proteins that are intimately involved in controlling cell polarity and the structure and function of intercellular junctions, including tight junctions. Cell polarity is fundamental to the control of cell proliferation and cell survival and disruption of polarity and the signal transduction pathways involved is a key event in tumourigenesis. This review focuses on the oncogenic viruses and the role of targeting PDZ proteins in the virus life cycle and the contribution of virus-PDZ protein interactions to virus-mediated oncogenesis. We highlight how many of the viral associations with PDZ proteins lead to deregulation of PI3K/AKT signalling, benefitting virus replication but as a consequence also contributing to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire D James
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- Present address; Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Dentistry, W. Baxter Perkinson Jr. Building, 521 North 11th Street, P.O. Box 980566, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA.
| | - Sally Roberts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Regulation of Asymmetric Division by Atypical Protein Kinase C Influences Early Specification of CD8(+) T Lymphocyte Fates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19182. [PMID: 26765121 PMCID: PMC4725917 DOI: 10.1038/srep19182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naïve CD8(+) T lymphocytes responding to microbial pathogens give rise to effector T cells that provide acute defense and memory T cells that provide long-lived immunity. Upon activation, CD8(+) T lymphocytes can undergo asymmetric division, unequally distributing factors to the nascent daughter cells that influence their eventual fate towards the effector or memory lineages. Individual loss of either atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) isoform, PKCζ or PKCλ/ι, partially impairs asymmetric divisions and increases CD8(+) T lymphocyte differentiation toward a long-lived effector fate at the expense of memory T cell formation. Here, we show that deletion of both aPKC isoforms resulted in a deficit in asymmetric divisions, increasing the proportion of daughter cells that inherit high amounts of effector fate-associated molecules, IL-2Rα, T-bet, IFNγR, and interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). However, unlike CD8(+) T cells deficient in only one aPKC isoform, complete loss of aPKC unexpectedly increased CD8(+) T cell differentiation toward a short-lived, terminal effector fate, as evidenced by increased rates of apoptosis and decreased expression of Eomes and Bcl2 early during the immune response. Together, these results provide evidence for an important role for asymmetric division in CD8(+) T lymphocyte fate specification by regulating the balance between effector and memory precursors at the initiation of the adaptive immune response.
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47
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Pham K, Shimoni R, Charnley M, Ludford-Menting MJ, Hawkins ED, Ramsbottom K, Oliaro J, Izon D, Ting SB, Reynolds J, Lythe G, Molina-Paris C, Melichar H, Robey E, Humbert PO, Gu M, Russell SM. Asymmetric cell division during T cell development controls downstream fate. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:933-50. [PMID: 26370500 PMCID: PMC4576854 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201502053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell precursors undergo asymmetric cell division after T cell receptor genomic recombination, with stromal cell cues controlling the differential inheritance of fate determinants Numb and α-Adaptin by the daughters of a dividing DN3a T cell precursor. During mammalian T cell development, the requirement for expansion of many individual T cell clones, rather than merely expansion of the entire T cell population, suggests a possible role for asymmetric cell division (ACD). We show that ACD of developing T cells controls cell fate through differential inheritance of cell fate determinants Numb and α-Adaptin. ACD occurs specifically during the β-selection stage of T cell development, and subsequent divisions are predominantly symmetric. ACD is controlled by interaction with stromal cells and chemokine receptor signaling and uses a conserved network of polarity regulators. The disruption of polarity by deletion of the polarity regulator, Scribble, or the altered inheritance of fate determinants impacts subsequent fate decisions to influence the numbers of DN4 cells arising after the β-selection checkpoint. These findings indicate that ACD enables the thymic microenvironment to orchestrate fate decisions related to differentiation and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Pham
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Raz Shimoni
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Mirren Charnley
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Mandy J Ludford-Menting
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Edwin D Hawkins
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Kelly Ramsbottom
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Jane Oliaro
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David Izon
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Stephen B Ting
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Joseph Reynolds
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, UK
| | - Grant Lythe
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, UK
| | - Carmen Molina-Paris
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, UK
| | - Heather Melichar
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ellen Robey
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Min Gu
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Sarah M Russell
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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48
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Ramsbottom KM, Sacirbegovic F, Hawkins ED, Kallies A, Belz GT, Van Ham V, Haynes NM, Durrant MJ, Humbert PO, Russell SM, Oliaro J. Lethal giant larvae-1 deficiency enhances the CD8(+) effector T-cell response to antigen challenge in vivo. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 94:306-11. [PMID: 26391810 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lethal giant larvae-1 (Lgl-1) is an evolutionary conserved protein that regulates cell polarity in diverse lineages; however, the role of Lgl-1 in the polarity and function of immune cells remains to be elucidated. To assess the role of Lgl-1 in T cells, we generated chimeric mice with a hematopoietic system deficient for Lgl-1. Lgl-1 deficiency did not impair the activation or function of peripheral CD8(+) T cells in response to antigen presentation in vitro, but did skew effector and memory T-cell differentiation. When challenged with antigen-expressing virus or tumor, Lgl-1-deficient mice displayed altered T-cell responses. This manifested in a stronger antiviral and antitumor effector CD8(+) T-cell response, the latter resulting in enhanced control of MC38-OVA tumors. These results reveal a novel role for Lgl-1 in the regulation of virus-specific T-cell responses and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Ramsbottom
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Faruk Sacirbegovic
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edwin D Hawkins
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Lo Celso Laboratory, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, UK
| | - Axel Kallies
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa Van Ham
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole M Haynes
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Durrant
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah M Russell
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Micro-photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Oliaro
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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49
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Rodríguez-Fernández JL, de Lacoba MG. Plasma membrane-associated superstructure: Have we overlooked a new type of organelle in eukaryotic cells? J Theor Biol 2015; 380:346-58. [PMID: 26066286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A variety of intriguing plasma membrane-associated regions, including focal adhesions, adherens junctions, tight junctions, immunological synapses, neuromuscular junctions and the primary cilia, among many others, have been described in eukaryotic cells. Emphasizing their importance, alteration in their molecular structures induces or correlates with different pathologies. These regions display surface proteins connected to intracellular molecules, including cytoskeletal component, which maintain their cytoarchitecture, and signalling proteins, which regulate their organization and functions. Based on the molecular similarities and other common features observed, we suggest that, despite differences in external appearances, all these regions are just the same superstructure that appears in different locations and cells. We hypothesize that this superstructure represents an overlooked new type of organelle that we call plasma membrane-associated superstructure (PMAS). Therefore, we suggest that eukaryotic cells include classical organelles (e.g. mitochondria, Golgi and others) and also PMAS. We speculate that this new type of organelle might be an innovation associated to the emergence of eukaryotes. Finally we discuss the implications of the hypothesis proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Rodríguez-Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Mario García de Lacoba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
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50
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Silva O, Crocetti J, Humphries LA, Burkhardt JK, Miceli MC. Discs Large Homolog 1 Splice Variants Regulate p38-Dependent and -Independent Effector Functions in CD8+ T Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133353. [PMID: 26186728 PMCID: PMC4505885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionally diverse CD8+ T cells develop in response to antigenic stimulation with differing capacities to couple TCR engagement to downstream signals and functions. However, mechanisms of diversifying TCR signaling are largely uncharacterized. Here we identified two alternative splice variants of scaffold protein Dlg1, Dlg1AB and Dlg1B, that diversify signaling to regulate p38 –dependent and –independent effector functions in CD8+ T cells. Dlg1AB, but not Dlg1B associated with Lck, coupling TCR stimulation to p38 activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Conversely, both Dlg1AB and Dlg1B mediated p38-independent degranulation. Degranulation depended on a Dlg1 fragment containing an intact Dlg1SH3-domain and required the SH3-ligand WASp. Further, Dlg1 controlled WASp activation by promoting TCR-triggered conformational opening of WASp. Collectively, our data support a model where Dlg1 regulates p38-dependent proinflammatory cytokine production and p38-independent cytotoxic granule release through the utilization of alternative splice variants, providing a mechanism whereby TCR engagement couples downstream signals to unique effector functions in CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jillian Crocetti
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Humphries
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Janis K. Burkhardt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Carrie Miceli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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