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An Q, Cao Y, Guo W, Jiang Z, Luo H, Liu H, Zhan X. Identification of common genes of rhinovirus single/double‑stranded RNA‑induced asthma deterioration by bioinformatics analysis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:210. [PMID: 38590566 PMCID: PMC11000450 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) is the most common respiratory virus affecting humans. The majority of asthma deteriorations are triggered by RV infections. However, whether the effects of RV single- and double-stranded RNA on asthma deterioration have common target genes needs to be further studied. In the present study, two datasets (GSE51392 and GSE30326) were used to screen for common differentially expressed genes (cDEGs). The molecular function, signaling pathways, interaction networks, hub genes, key modules and regulatory molecules of cDEGs were systematically analyzed using online tools such as Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, STRING and NetworkAnalyst. Finally, the hub genes STAT1 and IFIH1 were verified in clinical samples using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A total of 85 cDEGs were identified. Function analysis revealed that cDEGs served an important role in the innate immune response to viruses and its regulation. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1), interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), DExD/H box helicase 58 (DDX58) and interferon-stimulating gene 15 (ISG15) were detected to be hub genes based on the protein-protein interactions and six topological algorithms. A key module involved in influenza A, the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, was identified using Cytoscape software. The hub genes were regulated by GATA-binding factor 2 and microRNA-146a-5p. In addition, RT-qPCR indicated that the expression levels of the hub genes STAT1 and IFIH1 were low during asthma deterioration compared with post-treatment recovery samples. The present study enhanced the understanding of the mechanism of RV-induced asthma deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian An
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Jiang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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2
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Russell RJ, Boulet LP, Brightling CE, Pavord ID, Porsbjerg C, Dorscheid D, Sverrild A. The airway epithelium: an orchestrator of inflammation, a key structural barrier and a therapeutic target in severe asthma. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301397. [PMID: 38453256 PMCID: PMC10991852 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01397-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a disease of heterogeneous pathology, typically characterised by excessive inflammatory and bronchoconstrictor responses to the environment. The clinical expression of the disease is a consequence of the interaction between environmental factors and host factors over time, including genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation and airway remodelling. As a critical interface between the host and the environment, the airway epithelium plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the face of environmental challenges. Disruption of epithelial integrity is a key factor contributing to multiple processes underlying asthma pathology. In this review, we first discuss the unmet need in asthma management and provide an overview of the structure and function of the airway epithelium. We then focus on key pathophysiological changes that occur in the airway epithelium, including epithelial barrier disruption, immune hyperreactivity, remodelling, mucus hypersecretion and mucus plugging, highlighting how these processes manifest clinically and how they might be targeted by current and novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Russell
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Christopher E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Del Dorscheid
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Asger Sverrild
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Jasemi SV, Khazaei H, Morovati MR, Joshi T, Aneva IY, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Phytochemicals as treatment for allergic asthma: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action. Phytomedicine 2024; 122:155149. [PMID: 37890444 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease caused by the immune system's reaction to allergens, inflammation and narrowing of the airways, and the production of more than normal mucus. One of the main reasons is an increased production of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs that leads to the appearance of symptoms of asthma, including inflammation and shortness of breath. On the other hand, it has been proven that phytochemicals with their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties can be useful in improving allergic asthma. PURPOSE Common chemical treatments for allergic asthma include corticosteroids, which have many side effects and temporarily relieve symptoms but are not a cure. Therefore, taking the help of natural compounds to improve the quality of life of asthmatic patients can be a valuable issue that has been evaluated in the present review. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane) with the keywords: allergic asthma, phytochemical, plant, and herb were evaluated. The primary result was 5307 articles. Non-English, repetitive, and review articles were deleted from the study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Finally, after carefully reading the articles, 102 were included in the study (2006-2022). The results of this review state that phytochemicals suppress the inflammatory pathways via inhibition of inflammatory cytokines production/secretion, genes, and proteins involved in the inflammation process, reducing oxidative stress indicators and symptoms of allergic asthma, such as cough and mucus production in the lungs. CONCLUSION With their antioxidant effects, this study concluded that phytochemicals suppress cytokines and other inflammatory indicators and thus can be considered an adjunctive treatment for improving allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Vahid Jasemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Morovati
- Persian Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Tanuj Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhimtal, Kumaun University (Nainital), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ina Yosifova Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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4
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Mitländer H, Yang Z, Krammer S, Grund JC, Zirlik S, Finotto S. Poly I:C Pre-Treatment Induced the Anti-Viral Interferon Response in Airway Epithelial Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:2328. [PMID: 38140569 PMCID: PMC10747011 DOI: 10.3390/v15122328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I and III interferons are among the most important antiviral mediators. Increased susceptibility to infections has been described as being associated with impaired interferon response in asthmatic patients. In this work, we focused on the modulation of interferon dysfunction after the rhinovirus infection of airway epithelial cells. Therefore, we tested polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a TLR3 agonist, as a possible preventive pre-treatment to improve this anti-viral response. In our human study on asthma, we found a deficiency in interferon levels in the nasal epithelial cells (NEC) from asthmatics at homeostatic level and after RV infection, which might contribute to frequent airway infection seen in asthmatic patients compared to healthy controls. Finally, pre-treatment with the immunomodulatory substance poly I:C before RV infection restored IFN responses in airway epithelial cells. Altogether, we consider poly I:C pre-treatment as a promising strategy for the induction of interferon response prior to viral infections. These results might help to improve current therapeutic strategies for allergic asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Mitländer
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.K.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Zuqin Yang
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.K.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Susanne Krammer
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.K.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Janina C. Grund
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.K.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Sabine Zirlik
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.K.); (J.C.G.)
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5
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Xing Y, Leung ASY, Wong GWK. From preschool wheezing to asthma: Environmental determinants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14049. [PMID: 38010001 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Wheezing is common among preschool children, representing a group of highly heterogeneous conditions with varying natural history. Several phenotypes of wheezing have been proposed to facilitate the identification of young children who are at risk of subsequent development of asthma. Epidemiological and immunological studies across different populations have revealed the key role of environmental factors in influencing the progression from preschool wheezing to childhood asthma. Significant risk factors include severe respiratory infections, allergic sensitization, and exposure to tobacco smoke. In contrast, a farming/rural environment has been linked to asthma protection in both human and animal studies. Early and intense exposures to microorganisms and microbial metabolites have been demonstrated to alter host immune responses to allergens and viruses, thereby driving the trajectory away from wheezing illness and asthma. Ongoing clinical trials of candidate microbes and microbial products have shown promise in shaping the immune function to reduce episodes of viral-induced wheezing. Moreover, restoring immune training may be especially important for young children who had reduced microbial exposure due to pandemic restrictions. A comprehensive understanding of the role of modifiable environmental factors will pave the way for developing targeted prevention strategies for preschool wheezing and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Xing
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Agnes Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Gary Wing-Kin Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
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6
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Kloepfer KM, Kennedy JL. Childhood respiratory viral infections and the microbiome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:827-834. [PMID: 37607643 PMCID: PMC10592030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome associated with the respiratory tract is diverse, heterogeneous, and dynamic. The diversity and complexity of the microbiome and the interactions between microorganisms, host cells, and the host immune system are complex and multifactorial. Furthermore, the lymphatics provide a direct highway, the gut-lung axis, for the gut microbiome to affect outcomes related to respiratory disease and the host immune response. Viral infections in the airways can also alter the presence or absence of bacterial species, which might increase the risks for allergies and asthma. Viruses infect the airway epithelium and interact with the host to promote inflammatory responses that can trigger a wheezing illness. This immune response may alter the host's immune response to microbes and allergens, leading to T2 inflammation. However, exposure to specific bacteria may also tailor the host's response long before the virus has infected the airway. The frequency of viral infections, age at infection, sampling season, geographic location, population differences, and preexisting composition of the microbiota have all been linked to changes in microbiota diversity and stability. This review aims to evaluate the current reported evidence for microbiome interactions and the influences that viral infection may have on respiratory and gut microbiota, affecting respiratory outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Kloepfer
- Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
| | - Joshua L Kennedy
- Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Ark
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7
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Bao C, Gu L, Wang S, Zou K, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Chen L, Fang H. Priority index for asthma (PIA): In silico discovery of shared and distinct drug targets for adult- and childhood-onset disease. Comput Biol Med 2023; 162:107095. [PMID: 37285660 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease that is caused by a combination of genetic risks and environmental triggers and can affect both adults and children. Genome-wide association studies have revealed partly distinct genetic architectures for its two age-of-onset subtypes (namely, adult-onset and childhood-onset). We reason that identifying shared and distinct drug targets between these subtypes may inform the development of subtype-specific therapeutic strategies. In attempting this, we here introduce Priority Index for Asthma or PIA, a genetics-led and network-driven drug target prioritisation tool for asthma. We demonstrate the validity of the tool in improving drug target prioritisation for asthma compared to the status quo methods, as well as in capturing the underlying etiology and existing therapeutics for the disease. We also illustrate how PIA can be used to prioritise drug targets for adult- and childhood-onset asthma, as well as to identify shared and distinct pathway crosstalk genes. Shared crosstalk genes are mostly involved in JAK-STAT signaling, with clinical evidence supporting that targeting this pathway may be a promising drug repurposing opportunity for both subtypes. Crosstalk genes specific to childhood-onset asthma are enriched for PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, and we identify genes that are already targeted by licensed medications as repurposed drug candidates for this subtype. We make all our results accessible and reproducible at http://www.genetictargets.com/PIA. Collectively, our study has significant implications for asthma computational medicine research and can guide the future development of subtype-specific therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leyao Gu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Jiang
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Liye Chen
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Macchia I, La Sorsa V, Urbani F, Moretti S, Antonucci C, Afferni C, Schiavoni G. Eosinophils as potential biomarkers in respiratory viral infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170035. [PMID: 37483591 PMCID: PMC10358847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that, under homeostatic conditions, account for as much as 1-3% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During inflammation, eosinophils can rapidly expand and infiltrate inflamed tissues, guided by cytokines and alarmins (such as IL-33), adhesion molecules and chemokines. Eosinophils play a prominent role in allergic asthma and parasitic infections. Nonetheless, they participate in the immune response against respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. Notably, respiratory viruses are associated with asthma exacerbation. Eosinophils release several molecules endowed with antiviral activity, including cationic proteins, RNases and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. On the other hand, eosinophils release several cytokines involved in homeostasis maintenance and Th2-related inflammation. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, emerging evidence indicates that eosinophils can represent possible blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and severity prediction of disease. In particular, eosinopenia seems to be an indicator of severity among patients with COVID-19, whereas an increased eosinophil count is associated with a better prognosis, including a lower incidence of complications and mortality. In the present review, we provide an overview of the role and plasticity of eosinophils focusing on various respiratory viral infections and in the context of viral and allergic disease comorbidities. We will discuss the potential utility of eosinophils as prognostic/predictive immune biomarkers in emerging respiratory viral diseases, particularly COVID-19. Finally, we will revisit some of the relevant methods and tools that have contributed to the advances in the dissection of various eosinophil subsets in different pathological settings for future biomarker definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iole Macchia
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina La Sorsa
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Urbani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Moretti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Antonucci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Afferni
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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9
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Radzikowska U, Eljaszewicz A, Tan G, Stocker N, Heider A, Westermann P, Steiner S, Dreher A, Wawrzyniak P, Rückert B, Rodriguez-Coira J, Zhakparov D, Huang M, Jakiela B, Sanak M, Moniuszko M, O'Mahony L, Jutel M, Kebadze T, Jackson JD, Edwards RM, Thiel V, Johnston LS, Akdis AC, Sokolowska M. Rhinovirus-induced epithelial RIG-I inflammasome suppresses antiviral immunity and promotes inflammation in asthma and COVID-19. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2329. [PMID: 37087523 PMCID: PMC10122208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhinoviruses and allergens, such as house dust mite are major agents responsible for asthma exacerbations. The influence of pre-existing airway inflammation on the infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is largely unknown. We analyse mechanisms of response to viral infection in experimental in vivo rhinovirus infection in healthy controls and patients with asthma, and in in vitro experiments with house dust mite, rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 in human primary airway epithelium. Here, we show that rhinovirus infection in patients with asthma leads to an excessive RIG-I inflammasome activation, which diminishes its accessibility for type I/III interferon responses, leading to their early functional impairment, delayed resolution, prolonged viral clearance and unresolved inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Pre-exposure to house dust mite augments this phenomenon by inflammasome priming and auxiliary inhibition of early type I/III interferon responses. Prior infection with rhinovirus followed by SARS-CoV-2 infection augments RIG-I inflammasome activation and epithelial inflammation. Timely inhibition of the epithelial RIG-I inflammasome may lead to more efficient viral clearance and lower the burden of rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Str., 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Str., 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ge Tan
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nino Stocker
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Anja Heider
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Westermann
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Steiner
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Laenggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anita Dreher
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beate Rückert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Coira
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- IMMA, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Madrid, C. de Julian Romea 23, 28003, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Madrid, Urb. Monteprincipe 28925, Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damir Zhakparov
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Mengting Huang
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Jakiela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, M. Skawinska 8 Str., 31-066, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, M. Skawinska 8 Str., 31-066, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Str., 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A Str., 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Rd, T12 E138, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, wyb. Lidwika Pasteura 1 Str, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
- ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Gen. Jozefa Hallera 95 Str., 53-201, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tatiana Kebadze
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W21NY, UK
| | - J David Jackson
- Guy's Severe Asthma Centre, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Rd, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - R Michael Edwards
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Laenggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L Sebastian Johnston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare HNS Trust, The Bays, S Wharf Rd, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - A Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland.
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland.
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10
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Zang L, Gu J, Yang X, Yuan Y, Guo H, Zhou W, Ma J, Chen Y, Wu Y, Zheng H, Shi W. Ubiquitin-specific protease 24 promotes EV71 infection by restricting K63-linked polyubiquitination of TBK1. Virol Sin 2023; 38:75-83. [PMID: 36334706 PMCID: PMC10006192 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is an essential protein kinase for activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and induction of the type I interferons (IFN-I). Although the biochemical regulation of TBK1 activation has been studied, little is known about how enterovirus 71 (EV71) employs the deubiquitinases (DUBs) to regulate TBK1 activation for viral immune evasion. Here, we found that EV71 infection upregulated the expression of ubiquitin-specific protease 24 (USP24). Further studies revealed that USP24 physically interacted with TBK1, and can reduce K63-linked polyubiquitination of TBK1. Knockdown of USP24 upregulated TBK1 K63-linked polyubiquitination, promoted the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF3, and in turn improved IFN-I production during EV71 infection. As a consequence, USP24 knockdown dramatically inhibited EV71 infection. This study revealed USP24 as a novel regulator of TBK1 activation, which promotes the understanding of immune evasion mechanisms of EV71 and could provide a potential strategy for treatment of EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Hubei Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yukang Yuan
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jinhong Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yumin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
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11
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Essaidi-Laziosi M, Royston L, Boda B, Pérez-Rodriguez FJ, Piuz I, Hulo N, Kaiser L, Clément S, Huang S, Constant S, Tapparel C. Altered cell function and increased replication of rhinoviruses and EV-D68 in airway epithelia of asthma patients. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1106945. [PMID: 36937308 PMCID: PMC10014885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rhinovirus (RV) infections constitute one of the main triggers of asthma exacerbations and an important burden in pediatric yard. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. Methods In the present study, we compared infections of in vitro reconstituted airway epithelia originating from asthmatic versus healthy donors with representative strains of RV-A major group and minor groups, RV-C, RV-B, and the respiratory enterovirus EV-D68. Results We found that viral replication was higher in tissues derived from asthmatic donors for all tested viruses. Viral receptor expression was comparable in non-infected tissues from both groups. After infection, ICAM1 and LDLR were upregulated, while CDHR3 was downregulated. Overall, these variations were related to viral replication levels. The presence of the CDHR3 asthma susceptibility allele (rs6967330) was not associated with increased RV-C replication. Regarding the tissue response, a significantly higher interferon (IFN) induction was demonstrated in infected tissues derived from asthmatic donors, which excludes a defect in IFN-response. Unbiased transcriptomic comparison of asthmatic versus control tissues revealed significant modifications, such as alterations of cilia structure and motility, in both infected and non-infected tissues. These observations were supported by a reduced mucociliary clearance and increased mucus secretion in non-infected tissues from asthmatic donors. Discussion Altogether, we demonstrated an increased permissiveness and susceptibility to RV and respiratory EV infections in HAE derived from asthmatic patients, which was associated with a global alteration in epithelial cell functions. These results unveil the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of asthma exacerbation and suggest interesting therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Essaidi-Laziosi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Léna Royston
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Francisco Javier Pérez-Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Piuz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Hulo
- Service for Biomathematical and Biostatistical Analyses, Institute of Genetics and Genomics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Clément
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Song Huang
- Epithelix Sàrl, Plan les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Caroline Tapparel,
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12
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Shi L, Ren J, Wang Y, Feng H, Liu F, Yang H. Comorbid Asthma Increased the Risk for COVID-19 Mortality in Asia: A Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36679934 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the influence of comorbid asthma on the risk for mortality among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Asia by using a meta-analysis. Electronic databases were systematically searched for eligible studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated by using a random-effect model. An inconsistency index (I2) was utilized to assess the statistical heterogeneity. A total of 103 eligible studies with 198,078 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the meta-analysis; our results demonstrated that comorbid asthma was significantly related to an increased risk for COVID-19 mortality in Asia (pooled OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20−1.68; I2 = 70%, p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses by the proportion of males, setting, and sample sizes generated consistent findings. Meta-regression indicated that male proportion might be the possible sources of heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis exhibited the reliability and stability of the overall results. Both Begg’s analysis (p = 0.835) and Egger’s analysis (p = 0.847) revealed that publication bias might not exist. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with comorbid asthma might bear a higher risk for mortality in Asia, at least among non-elderly individuals.
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13
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Price AS, Kennedy JL. T-helper 2 mechanisms involved in human rhinovirus infections and asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 129:681-691. [PMID: 36002092 PMCID: PMC10316285 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the most common causative agent for the common cold and its respiratory symptoms. For those with asthma, cystic fibrosis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HRVs can lead to severe and, at times, fatal complications. Furthermore, an array of innate and adaptive host immune responses leads to varying outcomes ranging from subclinical to severe. In this review, we discuss the viral pathogenesis and host immune responses associated with this virus. Specifically, we focus on the immune responses that might skew a T-helper type 2 response, including alarmins, in those with allergic asthma. We also discuss the role of a poor innate immune response with interferons. Finally, we consider therapeutic options for HRV-associated exacerbations of asthma, including biologics and intranasal sprays on the basis of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Price
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Joshua L Kennedy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
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14
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Lee SH, Han MS, Lee TH, Lee DB, Park JH, Lee SH, Kim TH. Rhinovirus-induced anti-viral interferon secretion is not deficient and not delayed in sinonasal epithelial cells of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025796. [PMID: 36341332 PMCID: PMC9635927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated innate and adaptive immune response to rhinoviral infection plays an important role in the exacerbation or progressive course of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, few studies have evaluated whether rhinovirus-induced production of anti-viral interferon is deficient or delayed in inflammatory epithelial cells of patients with CRS with nasal polyps. The aim of the present study is to investigate the replication rates of rhinovirus 16 (RV 16), RV16-induced antiviral interferon secretion, and the expression levels of pattern recognition receptors after RV 16 infection or TLR3 stimulation with poly (I: C) in normal and inflammatory epithelial cells. Inflammatory epithelial cells were obtained from CRS patients with nasal polyps and normal epithelial cells were derived from ethmoid sinus mucosa during endoscopic reduction of blowout fracture or uncinate process mucosa of patients with septal deviation. Cultured cells were infected with RV 16 or treated with poly (I: C) for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cells and media were harvested at each time point and used to evaluate RV16 replication rates, the secretion of IFN-β, -λ1, -λ2, viperin, Mx, and OAS, and the expression levels of TRL3, RIG-I, MDA5, phospho-NFκB, and phospho-IRF3. RV replication rates reached peak levels 48 h after inoculation in both normal and inflammatory epithelial cells and showed no difference between both groups of epithelial cells at any time point. The release of IFN-β, -λ1, and -λ2 in normal and inflammatory epithelial cells was also strongly induced 48 h after RV16 inoculation but reached peak levels 24 h after poly (I: C) treatment. The expression levels of viperin, Mx, OAS, TLR3, RIG-I, MDA5, phospho-NFκB, and phospho-IRF3 showed similar patterns in both groups of epithelial cells. These results suggest that the production of RV16-induced antiviral interferons is not deficient or delayed in inflammatory epithelial cells from CRS patients with nasal polyps.
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15
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Muehling LM, Heymann PW, Carper H, Murphy DD, Rajadhyaksha E, Kennedy J, Early SV, Soto‐Quiros M, Avila L, Workman L, Platts‐Mills TAE, Woodfolk JA. Cluster analysis of nasal cytokines during rhinovirus infection identifies different immunophenotypes in both children and adults with allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:1169-1182. [PMID: 35575980 PMCID: PMC9547929 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with rhinovirus (RV) is a major risk factor for disease exacerbations in patients with allergic asthma. This study analysed a broad set of cytokines in the noses of children and adults with asthma during RV infection in order to identify immunophenotypes that may link to virus-induced episodes. METHODS Nasal wash specimens were analysed in children (n = 279 [healthy, n = 125; stable asthma, n = 64; wheeze, n = 90], ages 2-12) who presented to a hospital emergency department, and in adults (n = 44 [healthy, n = 13; asthma, n = 31], ages 18-38) who were experimentally infected with RV, including a subset who received anti-IgE. Cytokines were measured by multiplex bead assay and data analysed by univariate and multivariate methods to test relationships to viral load, allergic status, airway inflammation, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Analysis of a core set of 7 cytokines (IL-6, CXCL8/IL-8, IL-15, EGF, G-CSF, CXCL10/IP-10 and CCL22/MDC) revealed higher levels in children with acute wheeze versus those with stable asthma or controls. Multivariate analysis identified two clusters that were enriched for acutely wheezing children; one displaying high viral load ("RV-high") with robust secretion of CXCL10, and the other displaying high IgE with elevated EGF, CXCL8 and both eosinophil- and neutrophil-derived mediators. Broader assessment of 39 cytokines confirmed that children with acute wheeze were not deficient in type 1 anti-viral responses. Analysis of 18 nasal cytokines in adults with asthma who received RV challenge identified two clusters; one that was "RV-high" and linked to robust induction of anti-viral cytokines and anti-IgE; and the other associated with more severe symptoms and a higher inflammatory state featuring eosinophil and neutrophil factors. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the presence of different immunophenotypes linked to parameters of airway disease in both children and adults with asthma who are infected with RV. Such discrepancies may reflect the ability to regulate anti-viral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey M. Muehling
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Peter W. Heymann
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Holliday Carper
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Deborah D. Murphy
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Evan Rajadhyaksha
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Joshua Kennedy
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA,Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Stephen V. Early
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | | | | | - Lisa Workman
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Judith A. Woodfolk
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
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16
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Farne H, Glanville N, Johnson N, Kebadze T, Aniscenko J, Regis E, Zhu J, Trujillo-Torralbo MB, Kon OM, Mallia P, Prevost AT, Edwards MR, Johnston SL, Singanayagam A, Jackson DJ. Effect of CRTH2 antagonism on the response to experimental rhinovirus infection in asthma: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2022; 77:950-959. [PMID: 34716281 PMCID: PMC9510426 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) antagonist timapiprant improved lung function and asthma control in a phase 2 study, with evidence suggesting reduced exacerbations. We aimed to assess whether timapiprant attenuated or prevented asthma exacerbations induced by experimental rhinovirus (RV) infection. We furthermore hypothesised that timapiprant would dampen RV-induced type 2 inflammation and consequently improve antiviral immune responses. METHODS Atopic patients with partially controlled asthma on maintenance inhaled corticosteroids were randomised to timapiprant (n=22) or placebo (n=22) and challenged with RV-A16 3 weeks later. The primary endpoint was the cumulative lower respiratory symptom score over the 14 days post infection. Upper respiratory symptoms, spirometry, airway hyperresponsiveness, exhaled nitric oxide, RV-A16 virus load and soluble mediators in upper and lower airways samples, and CRTH2 staining in bronchial biopsies were additionally assessed before and during RV-A16 infection. RESULTS Six subjects discontinued the study and eight were not infected; outcomes were assessed in 16 timapiprant-treated and 14 placebo-treated, successfully infected subjects. There were no differences between treatment groups in clinical exacerbation severity including cumulative lower respiratory symptom score day 0-14 (difference 3.0 (95% CI -29.0 to 17.0), p=0.78), virus load, antiviral immune responses, or RV-A16-induced airway inflammation other than in the bronchial biopsies, where CRTH2 staining was increased during RV-A16 infection in the placebo-treated but not the timapiprant-treated group. Timapiprant had a favourable safety profile, with no deaths, serious adverse events or drug-related withdrawals. CONCLUSION Timapiprant treatment had little impact on the clinicopathological changes induced by RV-A16 infection in partially controlled asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Farne
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nicholas Johnson
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tata Kebadze
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julia Aniscenko
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eteri Regis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jie Zhu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Onn Min Kon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Mallia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Toby Prevost
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Aran Singanayagam
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Jackson
- Guy’s Severe Asthma Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, London, UK
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17
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Ong HH, Andiappan AK, Duan K, Lum J, Liu J, Tan KS, Howland S, Lee B, Ong YK, Thong M, Chow VT, Wang DY. Transcriptomics of rhinovirus persistence reveals sustained expression of RIG-I and interferon-stimulated genes in nasal epithelial cells in vitro. Allergy 2022; 77:2778-2793. [PMID: 35274302 DOI: 10.1111/all.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are frequently associated with asthma exacerbations, and have been found in the airways of asthmatic patients. While HRV-induced acute infection is well-documented, it is less clear whether the nasal epithelium sustains prolonged HRV infections along with the associated activation of host immune responses. OBJECTIVE To investigate sustainably regulated host responses of human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) during HRV persistence. METHODS Using a time-course study, HRV16 persistence and viral replication dynamics were established using an in vitro infection model of hNECs. RNA sequencing was performed on hNECs in the early and late stages of infection at 3 and 14 days post-infection (dpi), respectively. The functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was evaluated using gene ontology (GO) and Ingenuity pathway analysis. RESULTS HRV RNA and protein expression persisted throughout prolonged infections, even after decreased production of infectious virus progeny. GO analysis of unique DEGs indicated altered regulation of pathways related to ciliary function and airway remodeling at 3 dpi and serine-type endopeptidase activity at 14 dpi. The functional enrichment of shared DEGs between the two time-points was related to interferon (IFN) and cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling pathways. Validation of the sustained regulation of candidate genes confirmed the persistent expression of RIG-I and revealed its close co-regulation with interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) during HRV persistence. CONCLUSIONS The persistence of HRV RNA does not necessarily indicate an active infection during prolonged infection. The sustained expression of RIG-I and ISGs in response to viral RNA persistence highlights the importance of assessing how immune-activating host factors can change during active HRV infection and the immune regulation that persists thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaibo Duan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biosafety level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yew Kwang Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Thong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Abstract
Viral respiratory tract infections are associated with asthma development and exacerbation in children and adults. In the course of immune responses to viruses, airway epithelial cells are the initial platform of innate immunity against viral invasion. Patients with severe asthma are more vulnerable than those with mild to moderate asthma to viral infections. Furthermore, in most cases, asthmatic patients tend to produce lower levels of antiviral cytokines than healthy subjects, such as interferons produced from immune effector cells and airway epithelial cells. The epithelial inflammasome appears to contribute to asthma exacerbation through overactivation, leading to self-damage, despite its naturally protective role against infectious pathogens. Given the mixed and complex immune responses in viral-infection-induced asthma exacerbation, this review examines the diverse roles of airway epithelial immunity and related potential therapeutic targets and discusses the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous manifestations of asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Ri Kim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Jeonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea
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19
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Nakagome K, Nagata M. Innate Immune Responses by Respiratory Viruses, Including Rhinovirus, During Asthma Exacerbation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865973. [PMID: 35795686 PMCID: PMC9250977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infection, especially with rhinovirus (RV), is a major cause of asthma exacerbation. The production of anti-viral cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-β and IFN-α from epithelial cells or dendritic cells is lower in patients with asthma or those with high IgE, which can contribute to viral-induced exacerbated disease in these patients. As for virus-related factors, RV species C (RV-C) induces more exacerbated disease than other RVs, including RV-B. Neutrophils activated by viral infection can induce eosinophilic airway inflammation through different mechanisms. Furthermore, virus-induced or virus-related proteins can directly activate eosinophils. For example, CXCL10, which is upregulated during viral infection, activates eosinophils in vitro. The role of innate immune responses, especially type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and epithelial cell-related cytokines including IL-33, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), in the development of viral-induced airway inflammation has recently been established. For example, RV infection induces the expression of IL-33 or IL-25, or increases the ratio of ILC2 in the asthmatic airway, which is correlated with the severity of exacerbation. A mouse model has further demonstrated that virus-induced mucous metaplasia and ILC2 expansion are suppressed by antagonizing or deleting IL-33, IL-25, or TSLP. For treatment, IFNs including IFN-β suppress not only viral replication but also ILC2 activation in vitro. Agonists of toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 or 7 can induce IFNs, which can then suppress viral replication and ILC2 activation. Therefore, if delivered in the airway, IFNs or TLR agonists could become innovative treatments for virus-induced asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuyuki Nakagome,
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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20
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Magnaye KM, Clay SM, Nicodemus-Johnson J, Naughton KA, Huffman J, Altman MC, Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Hogarth DK, Naureckas ET, White SR, Ober C. DNA methylation signatures in airway cells from adult children of asthmatic mothers reflect subtypes of severe asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116467119. [PMID: 35666868 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116467119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal asthma is one of the most replicated risk factors for childhood-onset asthma. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We identified DNA methylation signatures in bronchial epithelial cells from adults with asthma that were specific to those with a mother with asthma. These maternal asthma-associated methylation signatures were correlated with distinct gene regulatory pathways and clinical features. Genes in 16 pathways discriminated cases with and without maternal asthma and suggested impaired T cell signaling and responses to viral and bacterial pathogens in asthmatic children of an asthmatic mother. Our findings suggest that the prenatal environment in pregnancies of mothers with asthma alters epigenetically mediated developmental programs that may lead to severe asthma in their children through diverse gene regulatory pathways. Maternal asthma (MA) is among the most consistent risk factors for asthma in children. Possible mechanisms for this observation are epigenetic modifications in utero that have lasting effects on developmental programs in children of mothers with asthma. To test this hypothesis, we performed differential DNA methylation analyses of 398,186 individual CpG sites in primary bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from 42 nonasthma controls and 88 asthma cases, including 56 without MA (NMA) and 32 with MA. We used weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of 69 and 554 differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) that were specific to NMA and MA cases, respectively, compared with controls. WGCNA grouped 66 NMA-DMCs and 203 MA-DMCs into two and five comethylation modules, respectively. The eigenvector of one MA-associated module (turquoise) was uniquely correlated with 85 genes expressed in BECs and enriched for 36 pathways, 16 of which discriminated between NMA and MA using machine learning. Genes in all 16 pathways were decreased in MA compared with NMA cases (P = 7.1 × 10−3), a finding that replicated in nasal epithelial cells from an independent cohort (P = 0.02). Functional interpretation of these pathways suggested impaired T cell signaling and responses to viral and bacterial pathogens. The MA-associated turquoise module eigenvector was additionally correlated with clinical features of severe asthma and reflective of type 2 (T2)-low asthma (i.e., low total serum immunoglobulin E, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and eosinophilia). Overall, these data suggest that MA alters diverse epigenetically mediated pathways that lead to distinct subtypes of severe asthma in adults, including hard-to-treat T2-low asthma.
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21
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Kountz TS, Biyasheva A, Schleimer RP, Prakriya M. Extracellular Nucleotides and Histamine Suppress TLR3- and RIG-I-Mediated Release of Antiviral IFNs from Human Airway Epithelial Cells. J Immunol 2022; 208:2390-2402. [PMID: 35459743 PMCID: PMC9444327 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses stimulate the release of antiviral IFNs from the airway epithelium. Previous studies have shown that asthmatic patients show diminished release of type I and type III IFNs from bronchial epithelia. However, the mechanism of this suppression is not understood. In this study, we report that extracellular nucleotides and histamine, which are elevated in asthmatic airways, strongly inhibit release of type I and type III IFNs from human bronchial airway epithelial cells (AECs). Specifically, ATP, UTP, and histamine all inhibited the release of type I and type III IFNs from AECs induced by activation of TLR3, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), or cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-STING. This inhibition was at least partly mediated by Gq signaling through purinergic P2Y2 and H1 receptors, but it did not involve store-operated calcium entry. Pharmacological blockade of protein kinase C partially reversed inhibition of IFN production. Conversely, direct activation of protein kinase C with phorbol esters strongly inhibited TLR3- and RIG-I-mediated IFN production. Inhibition of type I and type III IFNs by ATP, UTP, histamine, and the proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) receptor agonist SLIGKV also occurred in differentiated AECs grown at an air-liquid interface, indicating that the suppression is conserved following mucociliary differentiation. Importantly, histamine and, more strikingly, ATP inhibited type I IFN release from human airway cells infected with live influenza A virus or rhinovirus 1B. These results reveal an important role for extracellular nucleotides and histamine in attenuating the induction of type I and III IFNs from AECs and help explain the molecular basis of the suppression of IFN responses in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Kountz
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and
| | - Assel Biyasheva
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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22
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Yun JH, Lee S, Srinivasa P, Morrow J, Chase R, Saferali A, Xu Z, Cho M, Castaldi P, Hersh CP. An interferon-inducible signature of airway disease from blood gene expression profiling. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:2100569. [PMID: 34649980 PMCID: PMC9245457 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00569-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular basis of airway remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains poorly understood. We identified gene expression signatures associated with chest computed tomography (CT) scan airway measures to understand molecular pathways associated with airway disease. METHODS In 2396 subjects in the COPDGene Study, we examined the relationship between quantitative CT airway phenotypes and blood transcriptomes to identify airway disease-specific genes and to define an airway wall thickness (AWT) gene set score. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify associations of the AWT score with clinical phenotypes, bronchial gene expression and genetic variants. RESULTS Type 1 interferon (IFN)-induced genes were consistently associated with AWT, square root wall area of a hypothetical airway with 10 mm internal perimeter (Pi10) and wall area percentage, with the strongest enrichment in AWT. A score derived from 18 genes whose expression was associated with AWT was associated with COPD-related phenotypes including reduced lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s percentage predicted β= -3.4; p<0.05) and increased exacerbations (incidence rate ratio 1.7; p<0.05). The AWT score was reproducibly associated with AWT in bronchial samples from 23 subjects (β=3.22; p<0.05). The blood AWT score was associated with genetic variant rs876039, an expression quantitative trait locus for IKZF1, a gene that regulates IFN signalling and is associated with inflammatory diseases. CONCLUSIONS A gene expression signature with IFN-stimulated genes from peripheral blood and bronchial brushings is associated with CT AWT, lung function and exacerbations. Shared genes and genetic associations suggest viral responses and/or autoimmune dysregulation as potential underlying mechanisms of airway disease in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong H Yun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sool Lee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pooja Srinivasa
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jarrett Morrow
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aadbida Saferali
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Abstract
A principal purpose of type 2 immunity was thought to be defense against large parasites, but it also functions in the restoration of homeostasis, such as toxin clearance following snake bites. In other cases, like allergy, the type 2 T helper (Th2) cytokines and cells present in the environment are detrimental and cause diseases. In recent years, the recognition of cell heterogeneity within Th2-associated cell populations has revealed specific functions of cells with a particular phenotype or gene signature. In addition, here we discuss the recent data regarding heterogeneity of type 2 immunity-related cells, as well as their newly identified role in a variety of processes ranging from involvement in respiratory viral infections [especially in the context of the recent COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic] to control of cancer development or of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nincy Debeuf
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena Aegerter
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew S Brown
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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24
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Esteves P, Allard B, Celle A, Dupin I, Maurat E, Ousova O, Thumerel M, Dupuy JW, Leste-Lasserre T, Marthan R, Girodet PO, Trian T, Berger P. Asthmatic bronchial smooth muscle increases rhinovirus replication within the bronchial epithelium. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110571. [PMID: 35354045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) infection of the bronchial epithelium is implicated in the vast majority of severe asthma exacerbations. Interestingly, the susceptibility of bronchial epithelium to RV infection is increased in persons with asthma. Bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) remodeling is an important feature of severe asthma pathophysiology, and its reduction using bronchial thermoplasty has been associated with a significant decrease in the exacerbation rate. We hypothesized that asthmatic BSM can play a role in RV infection of the bronchial epithelium. Using an original co-culture model between bronchial epithelium and BSM cells, we show that asthmatic BSM cells increase RV replication in bronchial epithelium following RV infection. These findings are related to the increased production of CCL20 by asthmatic BSM cells. Moreover, we demonstrate an original downregulation of the activity of the epithelial protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) antiviral pathway. Finally, we identify a direct bottom-up effect of asthmatic BSM cells on bronchial epithelium susceptibility to RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Esteves
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Allard
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexis Celle
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Dupin
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elise Maurat
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Olga Ousova
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Thumerel
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Service de chirurgie thoracique, 33604 Pessac, France
| | - Jean-William Dupuy
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Leste-Lasserre
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Roger Marthan
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Service de chirurgie thoracique, 33604 Pessac, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Girodet
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Service de chirurgie thoracique, 33604 Pessac, France
| | - Thomas Trian
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Patrick Berger
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Plateforme Transcriptome Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Functionnal Genomics Center (CGFB) Proteomics Facility, CIC 1401, PTIB - Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 PESSAC, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Service de chirurgie thoracique, 33604 Pessac, France
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25
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Jackson DJ, Gern JE. Rhinovirus Infections and Their Roles in Asthma: Etiology and Exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2022; 10:673-681. [PMID: 35074599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rhinovirus infections can cause wheezing illnesses in all age groups. In preschool children, rhinovirus infections frequently initiate acute wheezing illnesses. Children who wheeze with rhinoviruses are at increased risk to go on to develop asthma. Once asthma is established, rhinovirus infections are potent triggers for acute airway obstruction and exacerbations in children and adults. Paradoxically, for most individuals, rhinovirus infections commonly cause cold symptoms with little or no involvement of the lower airways. This paradox has led investigators to identify specific risk factors and mechanisms for rhinovirus wheezing, and this review will outline progress in 3 main areas. First, the 3 species of rhinoviruses have different patterns of infection and virulence. Second, personal factors such as lung function and immunity influence lower respiratory outcomes of rhinovirus infection. The mucosal immune response is critical, and the quality of the interferon response and allergic inflammation interacts to determine the risk for rhinovirus wheezing. Finally, rhinovirus infections can promote pathogen-dominated airway microbiota that increase the risk for wheezing. Although specific antivirals for rhinovirus are still not available, identifying risk factors for wheezing illnesses has provided several other potential targets and strategies for reducing the risk of rhinovirus-induced wheezing and exacerbations of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Jackson
- Guy's Severe Asthma Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - James E Gern
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
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26
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Sallard E, Schult F, Baehren C, Buedding E, Mboma O, Ahmad-Nejad P, Ghebremedhin B, Ehrhardt A, Wirth S, Aydin M. Viral Infection and Respiratory Exacerbation in Children: Results from a Local German Pediatric Exacerbation Cohort. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030491. [PMID: 35336898 PMCID: PMC8955305 DOI: 10.3390/v14030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses play an important role in asthma exacerbation, and early exposure can be involved in recurrent bronchitis and the development of asthma. The exact mechanism is not fully clarified, and pathogen-to-host interaction studies are warranted to identify biomarkers of exacerbation in the early phase. Only a limited number of international exacerbation cohorts were studied. Here, we have established a local pediatric exacerbation study in Germany consisting of children with asthma or chronic, recurrent bronchitis and analyzed the viriome within the nasopharyngeal swab specimens derived from the entire cohort (n = 141). Interestingly, 41% of exacerbated children had a positive test result for human rhinovirus (HRV)/human enterovirus (HEV), and 14% were positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). HRV was particularly prevalent in asthmatics (56%), wheezers (50%), and atopic (66%) patients. Lymphocytes were decreased in asthmatics and in HRV-infected subjects, and patients allergic to house dust mites were more susceptible to HRV infection. Our study thus confirms HRV infection as a strong ‘biomarker’ of exacerbated asthma. Further longitudinal studies will show the clinical progress of those children with a history of an RSV or HRV infection. Vaccination strategies and novel treatment guidelines against HRV are urgently needed to protect those high-risk children from a serious course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Sallard
- Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (E.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Frank Schult
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; (F.S.); (O.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Carolin Baehren
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Faculty of Health, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany; (C.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Eleni Buedding
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Faculty of Health, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany; (C.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Olivier Mboma
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; (F.S.); (O.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Parviz Ahmad-Nejad
- Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Beniam Ghebremedhin
- Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (E.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Stefan Wirth
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; (F.S.); (O.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Malik Aydin
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; (F.S.); (O.M.); (S.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Faculty of Health, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany; (C.B.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-202-896-2384; Fax: +49-(0)-202-896-3834
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Habernau Mena A, García-Moguel I, Vazquez de la Torre Gaspar M, Mugica V, Alvarado Izquierdo MI, Jimenez Blanco MA, Gandolfo-Cano M, Jiménez Lara M, Gonzalez Moreno A, Saura Foix P, Navarro-Pulido A, Martin-Arriscado Arroba C, Delgado Romero J, Dominguez-Ortega J. COVID-19 Course in Allergic Asthma Patients: A Spanish Cohort Analysis. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:257-264. [PMID: 35228805 PMCID: PMC8881918 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s344934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has had a high impact on patients with chronic diseases. In the literature, there are different perspectives on asthma as comorbidity or risk factor on COVID-19 severity. Patients and Methods The aim of this retrospective study across 13 allergy departments in Spain was to determine the severity of COVID-19 in asthmatic adults followed in allergy departments and its relationship with atopy, clinical and demographic characteristics, phenotypes and laboratory data. In addition, lung function test and asthma control test (ACT) before and after COVID-19 were analyzed. Data was obtained from electronic medical records from March 2020 to April 2021. Results Two hundred one asthmatic patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection by validated detection test. About 30% of the patients were admitted for bilateral pneumonia. Advanced age, elevated D-dimer, lower numbers of lymphocytes and eosinophils, heart diseases and hypertension were associated with severe COVID-19. Allergic and mixed allergic/eosinophilic phenotype and their biomarkers (total IgE, aeroallergens sensitizations, allergic rhinitis, and blood eosinophilia) were related to fewer hospital admissions. Poor control and lower forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) were related to worse prognosis of COVID-19. Conclusion Asthmatic patients with allergic and eosinophilic phenotype have a better evolution of COVID-19 and lower risk of admissions. Older patients, cardiovascular comorbidities, AERD and eosinopenia are related to severity COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismael García-Moguel
- Department of Allergy, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas 12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Victoria Mugica
- Department of Allergy, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mar Gandolfo-Cano
- Department of Allergy, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Pilar Saura Foix
- Department of Allergy, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Ana Navarro-Pulido
- Allergology Clinical Management Unit (UGC), El Tomillar Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Martin-Arriscado Arroba
- Research and Science Support Unit, Instituto de investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre I+12, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Dominguez-Ortega
- Department of Allergy, Hospital Universitario La Paz. Instituto de Investigación (idiPaz), Madrid, Spain
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28
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Sunil AA, Skaria T. Novel regulators of airway epithelial barrier function during inflammation: potential targets for drug repurposing. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:119-132. [PMID: 35085478 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2035720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endogenous inflammatory signaling molecules resulting from deregulated immune responses, can impair airway epithelial barrier function and predispose individuals with airway inflammatory diseases to exacerbations and lung infections. Targeting the specific endogenous factors disrupting the airway barrier therefore has the potential to prevent disease exacerbations without affecting the protective immune responses. AREAS COVERED Here, we review the endogenous factors and specific mechanisms disrupting airway epithelial barrier during inflammation and reflect on whether these factors can be specifically targeted by repurposed existing drugs. Literature search was conducted using PubMed, drug database of US FDA and European Medicines Agency until and including September 2021. EXPERT OPINION IL-4 and IL-13 signaling are the major pathways disrupting the airway epithelial barrier during airway inflammation. However, blocking IL-4/IL-13 signaling may adversely affect protective immune responses and increase susceptibility of host to infections. An alternate approach to modulate airway epithelial barrier function involves targeting specific downstream component of IL-4/IL-13 signaling or different inflammatory mediators responsible for regulation of airway epithelial barrier. Airway epithelium-targeted therapy using inhibitors of HDAC, HSP90, MIF, mTOR, IL-17A and VEGF may be a potential strategy to prevent airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Anjoom Sunil
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Tom Skaria
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
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29
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Wirz OF, Jansen K, Satitsuksanoa P, Veen W, Tan G, Sokolowska M, Mirer D, Stanić B, Message SD, Kebadze T, Glanville N, Mallia P, Gern JE, Papadopoulos N, Akdis CA, Johnston SL, Nadeau K, Akdis M. Experimental rhinovirus infection induces an antiviral response in circulating B cells which is dysregulated in patients with asthma. Allergy 2022; 77:130-142. [PMID: 34169553 PMCID: PMC10138744 DOI: 10.1111/all.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinoviruses are the predominant cause of respiratory viral infections and are strongly associated with asthma exacerbations. While humoral immunity plays an important role during virus infections, cellular aspects of this response are less well understood. Here, we investigated the antiviral response of circulating B cells upon experimental rhinovirus infection in healthy individuals and asthma patients. METHODS We purified B cells from experimentally infected healthy individuals and patients with asthma and subjected them to total RNA-sequencing. Rhinovirus-derived RNA was measured in isolated B cells using a highly sensitive PCR. B cells were stimulated with rhinovirus in vitro to further study gene expression, expression of antiviral proteins and B-cell differentiation in response rhinovirus stimulation. Protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to rhinovirus was assessed using a proximity extension assay. RESULTS B cells isolated from experimentally infected subjects exhibited an antiviral gene profile linked to IFN-alpha, carried viral RNA in vivo and were transiently infected by rhinovirus in vitro. B cells rapidly differentiated into plasmablasts upon rhinovirus stimulation. While B cells lacked expression of interferons in response to rhinovirus exposure, co-stimulation with rhinovirus and IFN-alpha upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression suggesting a potential new function of B cells during virus infections. Asthma patients showed extensive upregulation and dysregulation of antiviral gene expression. CONCLUSION These findings add to the understanding of systemic effects of rhinovirus infections on B-cell responses in the periphery, show potential dysregulation in patients with asthma and might also have implications during infection with other respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver F. Wirz
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Jansen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | | | - Willem Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Ge Tan
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich ETH Zürich/University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - David Mirer
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Barbara Stanić
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Simon D. Message
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - Tatiana Kebadze
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | | | - Patrick Mallia
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison USA
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | | | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Department of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto California USA
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
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30
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Abstract
As the world faces the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, concerns have been raised that asthma patients could be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. However, it appears that asthma is not an independent risk factor for both. Furthermore, asthma is not over-represented in hospitalised patients with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and there was no increased risk of asthma exacerbations triggered by SARS-CoV-2. There is accumulating evidence that asthma phenotypes and comorbidities are important factors in evaluating the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity, as findings suggest that Th2-high inflammation may reduce the risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection and disease severity in contrast to increased risk in patients with Th2-low asthma. The use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is safe in asthma patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, it has been proposed that ICS may confer some degree of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe disease by reducing the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 and transmembrane protease serine in the lung. In contrast, chronic or recurrent use of systemic corticosteroids before SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major risk factor of poor outcomes and worst survival in asthma patients. Conversely, biological therapy for severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma does not increase the risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 or having worse COVID-19 severity. In the present review we will summarise the current literature regarding asthma and COVID-19. Chronic or recurrent use of systemic corticosteroids before SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major risk factor of worst COVID-19 severity and survival in asthmatics as opposed to ICS and biological therapy which seems to be safe.https://bit.ly/3jU0zLR
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Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Adir
- Pulmonary Division, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel .,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Walid Saliba
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Dept of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Antoine Beurnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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31
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Watkinson RL, Looi K, Laing IA, Cianferoni A, Kicic A. Viral Induced Effects on a Vulnerable Epithelium; Lessons Learned From Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:773600. [PMID: 34912343 PMCID: PMC8666438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.773600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelium is integral to the protection of many different biological systems and for the maintenance of biochemical homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that particular children have epithelial vulnerabilities leading to dysregulated barrier function and integrity, that resultantly contributes to disease pathogenesis. These epithelial vulnerabilities likely develop in utero or in early life due to various genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Although various epithelia are uniquely structured with specific function, prevalent allergic-type epithelial diseases in children potentially have common or parallel disease processes. These include inflammation and immune response dysregulation stemming from atypical epithelial barrier function and integrity. Two diseases where aetiology and pathogenesis are potentially linked to epithelial vulnerabilities include Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EoE). For example, rhinovirus C (RV-C) is a known risk factor for paediatric asthma development and is known to disrupt respiratory epithelial barrier function causing acute inflammation. In addition, EoE, a prevalent atopic condition of the oesophageal epithelium, is characterised by similar innate immune and epithelial responses to viral injury. This review examines the current literature and identifies the gaps in the field defining viral-induced effects on a vulnerable respiratory epithelium and resulting chronic inflammation, drawing from knowledge generated in acute wheezing illness, paediatric asthma and EoE. Besides highlighting the importance of epithelial structure and barrier function in allergic disease pathogenesis regardless of specific epithelial sub-types, this review focuses on the importance of examining other parallel allergic-type disease processes that may uncover commonalities driving disease pathogenesis. This in turn may be beneficial in the development of common therapeutics for current clinical management and disease prevention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Watkinson
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin Looi
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Ingrid A Laing
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Antonella Cianferoni
- Pediatrics Department, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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32
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Lee SH, Kang SH, Han MS, Kwak JW, Kim HG, Lee TH, Lee DB, Kim TH. The Expression of ephrinA1/ephA2 Receptor Increases in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and ephrinA1/ephA2 Signaling Affects Rhinovirus-Induced Innate Immunity in Human Sinonasal Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:793517. [PMID: 34975898 PMCID: PMC8716742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EphA2 receptor and its ephrin ligands are involved in virus infection, epithelial permeability, and chemokine secretion. We hypothesized that ephrinA1/ephA2 signaling participates in rhinovirus (RV)-induced antiviral immune response in sinonasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Therefore, we investigated the expression of ephrinA1/ephA2 in normal and inflamed sinonasal mucosa and evaluated whether they regulate chemokine secretion and the production of antiviral immune mediators including interferons (IFNs) in RV-infected human primary sinonasal epithelial cells. For this purpose, the expression and distribution of ephrinA1/ephA2 in sinonasal mucosa were evaluated with RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blot. Their roles in chemokine secretion and the production of antiviral immune mediators such as type I and III IFNs, and interferon stimulated genes were evaluated by stimulating ephA2 with ephrinA1 and inactivating ephA2 with ephA2 siRNA or inhibitor in cells exposed to RV and poly(I:C). We found that ephrinA1/ephA2 were expressed in normal mucosa and their levels increased in inflamed sinonasal mucosa of CRS patients. RV infection or poly(I:C) treatment induced chemokine secretion which were attenuated by blocking the action of ephA2 with ephA2 siRNA or inhibitor. The production of antiviral immune mediators enhanced by rhinovirus or poly (I:C) is increased by blocking ephA2 compared with that of cells stimulated by either rhinovirus or poly(I:C) alone. In addition, blocking ephA2 attenuated RV replication in cultured cells. Taken together, these results describe a novel role of ephrinA1/ephA2 signaling in antiviral innate immune response in sinonasal epithelium, suggesting their participation in RV-induced development and exacerbations of CRS.
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Abstract
Eosinophils are typically a minority population of circulating granulocytes being released from the bone-marrow as terminally differentiated cells. Besides their function in the defense against parasites and in promoting allergic airway inflammation, regulatory functions have now been attributed to eosinophils in various organs. Although eosinophils are involved in the inflammatory response to allergens, it remains unclear whether they are drivers of the asthma pathology or merely recruited effector cells. Recent findings highlight the homeostatic and pro-resolving capacity of eosinophils and raise the question at what point in time their function is regulated. Similarly, eosinophils from different physical locations display phenotypic and functional diversity. However, it remains unclear whether eosinophil plasticity remains as they develop and travel from the bone marrow to the tissue, in homeostasis or during inflammation. In the tissue, eosinophils of different ages and origin along the inflammatory trajectory may exhibit functional diversity as circumstances change. Herein, we outline the inflammatory time line of allergic airway inflammation from acute, late, adaptive to chronic processes. We summarize the function of the eosinophils in regards to their resident localization and time of recruitment to the lung, in all stages of the inflammatory response. In all, we argue that immunological differences in eosinophils are a function of time and space as the allergic inflammatory response is initiated and resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd T T Schetters
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn J Schuijs
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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34
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Abstract
The majority of asthma exacerbations in children are caused by Rhinovirus (RV), a positive sense single stranded RNA virus of the Picornavirus family. The host has developed virus defense mechanisms that are mediated by the upregulation of interferon-activated signaling. However, the virus evades the immune system by inducing immunosuppressive cytokines and surface molecules like programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) on immunocompetent cells. Initially, RV infects epithelial cells, which constitute a physiologic mucosal barrier. Upon virus entrance, the host cell immediately recognizes viral components like dsRNA, ssRNA, viral glycoproteins or CpG-DNA by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Activation of toll like receptors (TLR) 3, 7 and 8 within the endosome and through MDA-5 and RIG-I in the cytosol leads to the production of interferon (IFN) type I and other antiviral agents. Every cell type expresses IFNAR1/IFNAR2 receptors thus allowing a generalized antiviral activity of IFN type I resulting in the inhibition of viral replication in infected cells and preventing viral spread to non-infected cells. Among immune evasion mechanisms of the virus, there is downregulation of IFN type I and its receptor as well as induction of the immunosuppressive cytokine TGF-β. TGF-β promotes viral replication and is associated with induction of the immunosuppression signature markers LAP3, IDO and PD-L1. This article reviews the recent advances on the regulation of interferon type I expression in association with RV infection in asthmatics and the immunosuppression induced by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqin Yang
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannah Mitländer
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tytti Vuorinen
- Medical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Institut of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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35
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Miller RL, Grayson MH, Strothman K. Advances in asthma: New understandings of asthma's natural history, risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and clinical management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1430-1441. [PMID: 34655640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The last 2 years yielded a proliferation of high-quality asthma research. These include new understandings of the incidence and natural history of asthma, findings on the effects of exposure to air pollution, allergens, and intake of acetaminophen, soy isoflavones, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and exposure to microbial products. The past 2 years have benefited from great strides in determining potential mechanisms of asthma development and asthma exacerbations. These novel understandings led to identification and development of exciting new avenues for potential therapeutic intervention. Finally, there has been significant progress made in the development of tools to facilitate the diagnosis of asthma and measurement of airway physiology and in precision diagnostic approaches. Asthma guidelines were updated and new insights into the pharmacologic management of patients, including biologics, were reported. We review the most notable advances in the natural history of asthma, risk factors for the development of asthma, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and treatments. Although greater knowledge of the mechanisms underlying responses and nonresponses to novel therapeutics and across asthma phenotypes would be beneficial, the progress over just the past 2 years has been immense and impactful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Miller
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kasey Strothman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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36
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Smith AM, Harper N, Meunier JA, Branum AP, Jimenez F, Pandranki L, Carrillo A, Dela Cruz CS, Restrepo MI, Maselli DJ, Rather CG, Heisser AH, Ramirez DA, He W, Clark RA, Andrews CP, Evans SE, Pugh JA, Zhang N, Lee GC, Moreira AG, Segal LN, Ramirez RM, Jacobs RL, Manoharan MS, Okulicz JF, Ahuja SK. Repetitive aeroallergen challenges elucidate maladaptive epithelial and inflammatory traits that underpin allergic airway diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:533-49. [PMID: 33493557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signifying the 2-compartments/1-disease paradigm, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) and asthma (AA) are prevalent, comorbid conditions triggered by environmental factors (eg, house dust mites [HDMs]). However, despite the ubiquity of triggers, progression to severe ARC/AA is infrequent, suggesting either resilience or adaptation. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether ARC/AA severity relates to maladaptive responses to disease triggers. METHODS Adults with HDM-associated ARC were challenged repetitively with HDMs in an aeroallergen challenge chamber. Mechanistic traits associated with disease severity were identified. RESULTS HDM challenges evoked maladaptive (persistently higher ARC symptoms), adaptive (progressive symptom reduction), and resilient (resistance to symptom induction) phenotypes. Symptom severity in the natural environment was an imprecise correlate of the phenotypes. Nasal airway traits, defined by low inflammation-effectual epithelial integrity, moderate inflammation-effectual epithelial integrity, and higher inflammation-ineffectual epithelial integrity, were hallmarks of the resilient, adaptive, and maladaptive evoked phenotypes, respectively. Highlighting a crosstalk mechanism, peripheral blood inflammatory tone calibrated these traits: ineffectual epithelial integrity associated with CD8+ T cells, whereas airway inflammation associated with both CD8+ T cells and eosinophils. Hallmark peripheral blood maladaptive traits were increased natural killer and CD8+ T cells, lower CD4+ mucosal-associated invariant T cells, and deficiencies along the TLR-IRF-IFN antiviral pathway. Maladaptive traits tracking HDM-associated ARC also contributed to AA risk and severity models. CONCLUSIONS Repetitive challenges with HDMs revealed that maladaptation to disease triggers may underpin ARC/AA disease severity. A combinatorial therapeutic approach may involve reversal of loss-of-beneficial-function traits (ineffectual epithelial integrity, TLR-IRF-IFN deficiencies), mitigation of gain-of-adverse-function traits (inflammation), and blocking of a detrimental crosstalk between the peripheral blood and airway compartments.
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37
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Jansen K, Wirz OF, van de Veen W, Tan G, Mirer D, Sokolowska M, Satitsuksanoa P, Message SD, Kebadze T, Glanville N, Mallia P, Skiepko R, Eljaszewicz A, Moniuszko M, Cardoso C, Gern JE, Papadopoulos NG, Akdis CA, Johnston SL, Nadeau KC, Akdis M. Loss of regulatory capacity in Treg cells following rhinovirus infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021:S0091-6749(21)00969-6. [PMID: 34153372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory infections with rhinoviruses (RV) are strongly associated with development and exacerbations of asthma, and they pose an additional health risk for subjects with allergy. OBJECTIVE How RV infections and chronic allergic diseases are linked and what role RV plays in the breaking of tolerance in regulatory T (Treg) cells is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of RV on Treg cells. METHODS Treg cells were isolated from subjects with asthma and controls after experimental infection with the RV-A16 (RV16) and analyzed with next-generation sequencing. Additionally, suppression assays, quantitative PCR assays, and protein quantifications were performed with Treg cells after in vitro RV16 infection. RESULTS RV16 induced a strong antiviral response in Treg cells from subjects with asthma and controls, including the upregulation of IFI44L, MX1, ISG15, IRF7, and STAT1. In subjects with asthma, the inflammatory response was exaggerated and showed a dysregulated immune response compared with that in the controls. Furthermore, subjects with asthma failed to upregulate several immunosuppressive molecules such as CTLA4 and CD69, and they upregulated the inflammasome-related genes PYCARD and AIM2. Additionally, RV16 reduced the suppressive capacity of Treg cells from healthy subjects and subjects with asthma in vitro and increased TH2 cell-type cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS Treg cells from healthy subjects and subjects with asthma displayed an antiviral response after RV infection and showed reduced suppressive capacity. These data suggest that Treg cell function might be altered or impaired during RV infections, which might play an important role in the association between RV and the development of asthma and asthma exacerbations.
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38
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Gerth van Wijk R, Smits HH. Heterogeneity in allergic rhinitis: Explained by inducible mechanistic traits? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:358-360. [PMID: 34147535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Gerth van Wijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Innate immunity is the first defense line of the host against various infectious pathogens, environmental insults, and other stimuli causing cell damages. Upon stimulation, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) act as sensors to activate innate immune responses, containing NF-κB signaling, IFN response, and inflammasome activation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and other nucleic acid sensors are involved in innate immune responses. The activation of innate immune responses can facilitate the host to eliminate pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis. However, the activity of innate immune responses needs to be tightly controlled to ensure the optimal intensity and duration of activation under various contexts. Uncontrolled innate immune responses can lead to various disorders associated with aberrant inflammatory response, including pulmonary diseases such as COPD, asthma, and COVID-19. In this chapter, we will have a broad overview of how innate immune responses function and the regulation and activation of innate immune response at molecular levels as well as their contribution to various pulmonary diseases. A better understanding of such association between innate immune responses and pulmonary diseases may provide potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siqi Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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40
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Abstract
In many asthmatics, chronic airway inflammation is driven by IL-4-, IL-5-, and IL-13-producing Th2 cells or ILC2s. Type 2 cytokines promote hallmark features of the disease such as eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), IgE production, and susceptibility to exacerbations. However, only half the asthmatics have this "type 2-high" signature, and "type 2-low" asthma is more associated with obesity, presence of neutrophils, and unresponsiveness to corticosteroids, the mainstay asthma therapy. Here, we review the underlying immunological basis of various asthma endotypes by discussing results obtained from animal studies as well as results generated in clinical studies targeting specific immune pathways.
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Liu S, Cao Y, Du T, Zhi Y. Prevalence of Comorbid Asthma and Related Outcomes in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021; 9:693-701. [PMID: 33309934 PMCID: PMC7725230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of asthma on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the asthma prevalence among patients with COVID-19 and compare outcomes between patients with and without asthma. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, bioRxiv, and medRxiv for studies reporting asthma prevalence in general patients with COVID-19 or comparing outcomes between patients with and without asthma, and excluded duplicate publications, reviews, editorials, comments, single case reports, or small case series (<10 cases). We determined the pooled estimates of effect using random-effect model. RESULTS On the basis of 131 studies (410,382 patients), we found great variability in the prevalence of comorbid asthma among patients with COVID-19 in different countries or regions ranging from 1.1% to 16.9%. No significant difference in asthma prevalence was found between hospitalized and nonhospitalized (risk ratio [RR], 1.15; 95% CI, 0.92-1.43), severe and nonsevere (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.92-1.57), intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.92-1.54), dead and survived (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.73-1.11), intubated/mechanically ventilated and nonintubated/mechanically ventilated (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.71-1.17) patients with COVID-19. Patients with asthma have a lower risk of death compared with patients without asthma (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43-0.98). Asthma is not associated with a higher risk of intubation or mechanical ventilation (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.72-1.46). CONCLUSIONS There is great variability in asthma prevalence among patients with COVID-19 in different countries or regions. Asthma is not associated with higher COVID-19 severity or worse prognosis, and patients with asthma are found to have a lower risk of death compared with patients without asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Immunologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Immunologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhi
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Immunologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Ladjemi MZ, Di Candia L, Heddebaut N, Techoueyres C, Airaud E, Soussan D, Dombret MC, Hamidi F, Guillou N, Mordant P, Castier Y, Létuvé S, Taillé C, Aubier M, Pretolani M. Clinical and histopathologic predictors of therapeutic response to bronchial thermoplasty in severe refractory asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1227-1235.e6. [PMID: 33453288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypes and endotypes predicting optimal response to bronchial thermoplasty (BT) in patients with severe asthma remain elusive. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare the clinical characteristics and hallmarks of airway inflammation and remodeling before and after BT in responder and partial responder patients with severe asthma refractory to oral steroids and to omalizumab. METHODS In all, 23 patients with severe refractory asthma were divided into BT responders (n = 15) and BT partial responders (n = 8), according to the decrease in asthma exacerbations at 12 months after BT. Clinical parameters were compared at baseline and 12 months after BT, and hallmarks of airway inflammation and remodeling were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in bronchial biopsy specimens before and 3 months after BT. RESULTS At baseline, the BT responders were around 8 years younger than the BT partial responders (P = .02) and they had a greater incidence of atopy, higher numbers of blood eosinophils (both P = .03) and IgE levels, higher epithelial IFN-α expression, and higher numbers of mucosal eosinophils and IL-33-positive cells (P ≤ .05). A reduction in blood eosinophil count, serum IgE level, type 2 airway inflammation, and numbers of mucosal IL-33-positive cells and mast cells associated with augmented epithelial MUC5AC and IFN-α/β immunostaining was noted after BT in responders, whereas the numbers of mucosal IL-33-positive cells were augmented in BT partial responders. Most of these changes were correlated with clinical parameters. Subepithelial membrane thickening and airway smooth muscle area were similar in the 2 patient groups at baseline and after BT. CONCLUSION By reducing allergic type 2 inflammation and increasing epithelial MUC5AC and anti-viral IFN-α/β expression, BT may enhance host immune responses and thus attenuate exacerbations and symptoms in BT responders. Instead, targeting IL-33 may provide a clinical benefit in BT partial responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Zohra Ladjemi
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Leonarda Di Candia
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Heddebaut
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Camille Techoueyres
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Eloise Airaud
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - David Soussan
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Dombret
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France; Département de Pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Hamidi
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Noëlline Guillou
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mordant
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Département de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Yves Castier
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Département de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Létuvé
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Camille Taillé
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France; Département de Pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michel Aubier
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Marina Pretolani
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médicine, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU FIRE, Paris, France.
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43
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Skevaki C, Karsonova A, Karaulov A, Xie M, Renz H. Asthma-associated risk for COVID-19 development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:1295-1301. [PMID: 33002516 PMCID: PMC7834224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The newly described severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for a pandemic (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). It is now well established that certain comorbidities define high-risk patients. They include hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. In contrast, the context with bronchial asthma is controversial and shows marked regional differences. Because asthma is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory lung disease worldwide and SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the upper and lower airways leading to marked inflammation, the question arises about the possible clinical and pathophysiological association between asthma and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Here, we analyze the global epidemiology of asthma among patients with COVID-19 and propose the concept that patients suffering from different asthma endotypes (type 2 asthma vs non-type 2 asthma) present with a different risk profile in terms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, development of COVID-19, and progression to severe COVID-19 outcomes. This concept may have important implications for future COVID-19 diagnostics and immune-based therapy developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps Universität Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonina Karsonova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps Universität Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
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44
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Lin TY, Lo CY, Tsao KC, Chang PJ, Kuo CHS, Lo YL, Lin SM, Hsieh MH, Wang TY, Hsu PC, Lin HC. Impaired interferon-α expression in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in asthma. Immun Inflamm Dis 2020; 9:183-195. [PMID: 33236850 PMCID: PMC7860612 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐7‐associated rhinovirus (RV) activation is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the main interferon‐α‐producing cells against viruses. Objective To determine whether asthmatic patients and control subjects differ in terms of interferon‐α expression in pDCs under TLR‐7 or RV stimulation. Methods pDCs were identified in BDCA‐2+ and HLA‐DR+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interferon‐α expression of pDCs was analyzed after TLR‐7 stimulation with or without interleukin 4 (IL‐4)/IL‐13 pretreatment. Interferon‐α expression was also analyzed after RV stimulation over periods of 24, 48, or 96 h with or without IL‐4 pretreatment. RV detection and molecular typing were assayed from throat swabs. Results Following TLR‐7 stimulation, the expression of intracellular interferon‐α was higher in the pDCs of normal subjects than those of asthmatic patients; however, pretreatment with IL‐4 was shown to reduce this effect. After 48‐ and 96‐h RV stimulation, we observed a notable increase in the production of interferon‐α of pDCs in normal subjects but not in asthmatic patients. Baseline interferon‐α expression in pDCs and the incidence of asthma exacerbation to emergency was higher among the 13% of patients identified as rhinovirus+ than among their RV counterparts. Conclusion Our study discovered the response to TLR‐7 stimulation in pDCs was compromised and the sustainability of interferon‐α expression to RV stimulation was reduced in pDCs of asthmatic patients, which provide further evidence of defective innate response and subspeciality to RV infection in asthma. The high exacerbation history founded in RV+ patients agrees with these findings. Further research is required for the modulatory effect of IL‐4 on TLR‐7 stimulated pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chien Tsao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jui Chang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-His Scott Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Lo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Min Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Heng Hsieh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chih Hsu
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chyuan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Helling BA, Sobreira DR, Hansen GT, Sakabe NJ, Luo K, Billstrand C, Laxman B, Nicolae RI, Nicolae DL, Bochkov YA, Gern JE, Nobrega MA, White SR, Ober C. Altered transcriptional and chromatin responses to rhinovirus in bronchial epithelial cells from adults with asthma. Commun Biol 2020; 3:678. [PMID: 33188283 PMCID: PMC7666152 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a life-long relationship between rhinovirus (RV) infection and the development and clinical manifestations of asthma. In this study we demonstrate that cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells from adults with asthma (n = 9) show different transcriptional and chromatin responses to RV infection compared to those without asthma (n = 9). Both the number and magnitude of transcriptional and chromatin responses to RV were muted in cells from asthma cases compared to controls. Pathway analysis of the transcriptionally responsive genes revealed enrichments of apoptotic pathways in controls but inflammatory pathways in asthma cases. Using promoter capture Hi-C we tethered regions of RV-responsive chromatin to RV-responsive genes and showed enrichment of these regions and genes at asthma GWAS loci. Taken together, our studies indicate a delayed or prolonged inflammatory state in cells from asthma cases and highlight genes that may contribute to genetic risk for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney A Helling
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Débora R Sobreira
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Grace T Hansen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Noboru J Sakabe
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kaixuan Luo
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Bharathi Laxman
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Raluca I Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Dan L Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Marcelo A Nobrega
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Steven R White
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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Cao QT, Aguiar JA, Tremblay BJM, Abbas N, Tiessen N, Revill S, Makhdami N, Ayoub A, Cox G, Ask K, Doxey AC, Hirota JA. ABCF1 Regulates dsDNA-induced Immune Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:487. [PMID: 33042865 PMCID: PMC7525020 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The airway epithelium represents a critical component of the human lung that helps orchestrate defenses against respiratory tract viral infections, which are responsible for more than 2.5 million deaths/year globally. Innate immune activities of the airway epithelium rely on Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide binding and leucine-rich-repeat pyrin domain containing (NLRP) receptors, and cytosolic nucleic acid sensors. ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters are ubiquitous across all three domains of life—Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya—and expressed in the human airway epithelium. ABCF1, a unique ABC family member that lacks a transmembrane domain, has been defined as a cytosolic nucleic acid sensor that regulates CXCL10, interferon-β expression, and downstream type I interferon responses. We tested the hypothesis that ABCF1 functions as a dsDNA nucleic acid sensor in human airway epithelial cells important in regulating antiviral responses. Methods: Expression and localization experiments were performed using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in human lung tissue, while confirmatory transcript and protein expression was performed in human airway epithelial cells. Functional experiments were performed with siRNA methods in a human airway epithelial cell line. Complementary transcriptomic analyses were performed to explore the contributions of ABCF1 to gene expression patterns. Results: Using archived human lung and human airway epithelial cells, we confirm expression of ABCF1 gene and protein expression in these tissue samples, with a role for mediating CXCL10 production in response to dsDNA viral mimic challenge. Although, ABCF1 knockdown was associated with an attenuation of select genes involved in the antiviral responses, Gene Ontology analyses revealed a greater interaction of ABCF1 with TLR signaling suggesting a multifactorial role for ABCF1 in innate immunity in human airway epithelial cells. Conclusion: ABCF1 is a candidate cytosolic nucleic acid sensor and modulator of TLR signaling that is expressed at gene and protein levels in human airway epithelial cells. The precise level where ABCF1 protein functions to modulate immune responses to pathogens remains to be determined but is anticipated to involve IRF-3 and CXCL10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh T Cao
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Nadin Abbas
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Tiessen
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Spencer Revill
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nima Makhdami
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anmar Ayoub
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gerard Cox
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew C Doxey
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Novak N, Cabanillas B. Viruses and asthma: the role of common respiratory viruses in asthma and its potential meaning for SARS-CoV-2. Immunology 2020; 161:83-93. [PMID: 32687609 PMCID: PMC7405154 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections and atopic diseases are closely related and contribute to each other. The physiological deficiencies and immune mechanisms that underlie atopic diseases can result in a suboptimal defense against multiple viruses, and promote a suitable environment for their proliferation and dissemination. Viral infections, on the other hand, can induce per se several immunological mechanisms involved in allergic inflammation capable to promote the initiation or exacerbation of atopic diseases such as atopic asthma. In a world that is affected more and more by factors that significantly impact the prevalence of atopic diseases, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is having an unprecedented impact with still unpredictable consequences. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to revise the available scientific literature regarding the association between common respiratory viruses and asthma, as well as the newly emerging data about the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its possible relation with asthma, to better understand the interrelation between common viruses and asthma and its potential meaning on the current global pandemic of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatriz Cabanillas
- Department of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Rich HE, Antos D, Melton NR, Alcorn JF, Manni ML. Insights Into Type I and III Interferons in Asthma and Exacerbations. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574027. [PMID: 33101299 PMCID: PMC7546400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a highly prevalent, chronic respiratory disease that impacts millions of people worldwide and causes thousands of deaths every year. Asthmatics display different phenotypes with distinct genetic components, environmental causes, and immunopathologic signatures, and are broadly characterized into type 2-high or type 2-low (non-type 2) endotypes by linking clinical characteristics, steroid responsiveness, and molecular pathways. Regardless of asthma severity and adequate disease management, patients may experience acute exacerbations of symptoms and a loss of disease control, often triggered by respiratory infections. The interferon (IFN) family represents a group of cytokines that play a central role in the protection against and exacerbation of various infections and pathologies, including asthma. Type I and III IFNs in particular play an indispensable role in the host immune system to fight off pathogens, which seems to be altered in both pediatric and adult asthmatics. Impaired IFN production leaves asthmatics susceptible to infection and with uncontrolled type 2 immunity, promotes airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and inflammation which can lead to asthma exacerbations. However, IFN deficiency is not observed in all asthmatics, and alterations in IFN expression may be independent of type 2 immunity. In this review, we discuss the link between type I and III IFNs and asthma both in general and in specific contexts, including during viral infection, co-infection, and bacterial/fungal infection. We also highlight several studies which examine the potential role for type I and III IFNs as asthma-related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Rich
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Danielle Antos
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Natalie R Melton
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michelle L Manni
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Hosoki K, Chakraborty A, Sur S. Molecular mechanisms and epidemiology of COVID-19 from an allergist's perspective. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:285-299. [PMID: 32624257 PMCID: PMC7331543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the newly described severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused worldwide suffering and death of unimaginable magnitude from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus is transmitted through aerosol droplets, and causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 uses the receptor-binding domain of its spike protein S1 to attach to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor in lung and airway cells. Binding requires the help of another host protein, transmembrane protease serine S1 member 2. Several factors likely contribute to the efficient transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 has a 10- to 20-fold higher receptor-binding capacity compared with previous pandemic coronaviruses. In addition, because asymptomatic persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 have high viral loads in their nasal secretions, they can silently and efficiently spread the disease. PCR-based tests have emerged as the criterion standard for the diagnosis of infection. Caution must be exercised in interpreting antibody-based tests because they have not yet been validated, and may give a false sense of security of being "immune" to SARS-CoV-2. We discuss how the development of some symptoms in allergic rhinitis can serve as clues for new-onset COVID-19. There are mixed reports that asthma is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, possibly due to differences in asthma endotypes. The rapid spread of COVID-19 has focused the efforts of scientists on repurposing existing Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs that inhibit viral entry, endocytosis, genome assembly, translation, and replication. Numerous clinical trials have been launched to identify effective treatments for COVID-19. Initial data from a placebo-controlled study suggest faster time to recovery in patients on remdesivir; it is now being evaluated in additional controlled studies. As discussed in this review, till effective vaccines and treatments emerge, it is important to understand the scientific rationale of pandemic-mitigation strategies such as wearing facemasks and social distancing, and implement them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koa Hosoki
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Abhijit Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.
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She L, Alanazi HH, Yan L, Brooks EG, Dube PH, Xiang Y, Zhang F, Sun Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li XD. Sensing and signaling of immunogenic extracellular RNAs restrain group 2 innate lymphoid cell-driven acute lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236744. [PMID: 32730309 PMCID: PMC7392318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated exposures to environmental allergens in susceptible individuals drive the development of type 2 inflammatory conditions such as asthma, which have been traditionally considered to be mainly mediated by Th2 cells. However, emerging evidence suggest that a new innate cell type, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), plays a central role in initiating and amplifying a type 2 response, even in the absence of adaptive immunity. At present, the regulatory mechanisms for controlling ILC2 activation remain poorly understood. Here we report that respiratory delivery of immunogenic extracellular RNA (exRNAs) derived from RNA- and DNA-virus infected cells, was able to activate a protective response against acute type 2 lung immunopathology and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) induced by IL-33 and a fungal allergen, A. flavus, in mice. Mechanistically, we found that the innate immune responses triggered by exRNAs had a potent suppressive effect in vivo on the proliferation and function of ILC2 without the involvement of adaptive immunity. We further provided the loss-of-function genetic evidence that the TLR3- and MAVS-mediated signaling axis is essential for the inhibitory effects of exRNAs in mouse lungs. Thus, our results indicate that the host detection of extracellular immunostimulatory RNAs generated during respiratory viral infections have an important function in the regulation of ILC2-driven acute lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li She
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hamad H. Alanazi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Liping Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Edward G. Brooks
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Peter H. Dube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Fushun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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