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Bazo-Alvarez JC, Bazalar-Palacios J, Quiñones-Negrete MM, Ipanaqué M, Cjuno J, Hoyt LT, Bennett CR, Cohen AK. COVID-19-Related Experiences and Perspectives of Peruvian College Students: A Descriptive Study. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024; 51:367-375. [PMID: 38129987 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231216738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected higher education and higher education students around the world, but few studies of college students' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic have been conducted in Latin America. This study describes the COVID-19-related experiences and perspectives of Peruvian college students. We surveyed 3,427 full-time college students (average age: 23 years) attending a multi-campus Peruvian university in fall 2020. Participants were recruited through the digital platform of the learning management system at their university, email, and social media. We asked participants how they were managing risks related to COVID-19; the continuity of social, educational, and work activities; and the psychological and economic impacts of the pandemic on their lives. Since March 2020, 73.0% of participants reported COVID-19-related symptoms, but only 33.9% were tested for COVID-19. During the national quarantine imposed by the Peruvian government (March 15-June 30, 2020), 64.3% of participants remained in their house. Furthermore, while 44.0% of participants were working in February 2020 (95% CI: [41.7%, 46.4%]), only 23.6% (95% CI: [21.7%, 25.7%]) were working immediately after the pandemic began (i.e., at the end of April 2020). Participants were more stressed about the health and educational implications of COVID-19 for Peruvian society and their families than about themselves. The public health, economic, and educational implications of COVID-19 on college students are continuing to unfold. This study informed Peruvian higher education institutions' continued response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the progressive return to postpandemic activities, as well as other future pandemics and other crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo, Peru
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Miguel Ipanaqué
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | | | - Alison K Cohen
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Moilanen KL, Ni Y, Turiano NA. U.S. College Students' Sexual Risk Behaviors Before and During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:750-766. [PMID: 37676778 PMCID: PMC10918033 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2246160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes changes in young adults' sexual behaviors during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Latent class growth analyses (LCGAs) conducted with four waves of data collected between July 2019 to May 2020 in N = 775 college students (Mage = 18.61, SD = 0.33; 50.3% female, 90.2% White) revealed the presence of high- and low-risk classes in separate models for oral, vaginal, and anal sexual risk taking. As anticipated, vaginal and oral risk taking declined in spring 2020. Membership in high-risk trajectories was attributable to high COVID-19-related financial problems, early sexual debut, low self-control, and being in a romantic relationship. Other COVID-19 factors and demographic control variables were not linked to trajectory membership. Thus, while many young adults' sexual risk taking changed during the early pandemic, their perceptions of and experiences with COVID-19 were not predictive of sexual risk trajectory membership.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Ni
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University
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Aguayo‐González M, Leyva‐Moral JM, Giménez‐Diez D, Colom‐Cadena A, Martínez I, Watson C, Bordas A, Folch C, Casabona J. Exploring adolescents' experiences of continuing to wear face masks during COVID-19: A qualitative descriptive study in Barcelona (Spain). Health Expect 2024; 27:e14014. [PMID: 38477220 PMCID: PMC10934260 DOI: 10.1111/hex.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the use of face masks as a social distancing measure. Although evidence supports their effectiveness in preventing infection, it remains unclear why some adolescents choose to continue wearing them postpandemic, even when it is no longer mandatory. This study aims to explore adolescents' experiences of wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic when their use was no longer mandatory. METHOD In this exploratory qualitative study, data were collected from 16 adolescents through face-to-face semistructured interviews. The participants were asked about the reasons and feelings associated with continuing to wear masks, as well as the contexts in which they felt safe without a mask. The collected data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis. RESULTS Three main themes were identified: (1) Navigating complex decision-making: balancing safety and self-image, (2) peer influence dynamics and (3) managing the future: weather dynamics and pandemic evolution. DISCUSSION The potential implications of withdrawing COVID-19 preventive measures, such as mask-wearing, beyond the pandemic remain understudied. It is crucial to further investigate the perceptions related to wearing masks and its cessation, especially amongst vulnerable individuals. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Due to methodological constraints associated with participants' age, they were not engaged in the design, data analysis, data interpretation or manuscript preparation phases of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan M. Leyva‐Moral
- Nursing Department, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - David Giménez‐Diez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Andreu Colom‐Cadena
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les ITS i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT)BadalonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les ITS i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT)BadalonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Carolina Watson
- Nursing Department, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Anna Bordas
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les ITS i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT)BadalonaSpain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona‐Reus, IDIAP Jordi GolTarragonaSpain
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les ITS i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT)BadalonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les ITS i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT)BadalonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Departament de Pediatria, d'Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i de Salut Publica, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalonaSpain
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Zamboanga BL, Ramarushton B, Blumenthal H, Thompson L, Ham LS, McClain P, Regan P, Harkness A, Subrahmanyam K, Schwartz SJ. Examining the Factor Structure and Correlates of Motives to Drink Before Attending a Virtual Social Event During COVID-19 Among University Students. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1102-1109. [PMID: 38433327 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2320389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background: Many university students pregame or drink before a social event. Pregaming carries some risk due to its link to heavy drinking. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was limited access to many drinking venues (e.g., bars/clubs). Moreover, universities shifted to a virtual format and imposed restrictions on in-person gatherings resulting in the reliance on virtual platforms for class instruction, meetings, and social events. The pandemic facilitated changes in students' drinking behaviors, stress levels, and how they maintained social contact with others. Thus, it is conceivable that during an academic pandemic year, students may have engaged in the act of drinking before attending a virtual social event. Objectives: In the present study, we examined the factor structures/item loadings of the Pregaming Motives Measure-Virtual (PGMM-V) among students (N = 283; Mage = 21.38; women = 69.3%; White = 45.4%, Hispanic = 40.8%) from seven universities who completed an online questionnaire (Spring/Summer-2021). Items from the original Pregaming Motives Measure (Bachrach et al., 2012) were modified to reflect motives to drink before attending a virtual social event. Results: We found evidence for a 2-factor structure model of the PGMM-V which includes social/enhancement and social ease/stress. Bivariate correlations indicated that social/enhancement and social ease/stress were (a) positively associated with frequency of drinking and alcohol consumption prior to attending virtual social events, and (b) general drinking motives (social/enhancement/coping) that align with these motives. Conclusions: The PGMM-V is a promising instrument that could be used in future research designed to understand students' pregaming behaviors for virtual social events as the use of such platforms are increasingly relied upon for social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Banan Ramarushton
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | | | - Linda Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsay S Ham
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Patrick McClain
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Pamela Regan
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Audrey Harkness
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Kaveri Subrahmanyam
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
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5
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Navarro JL, Brown M, Jensen T, Weinstein M, Jensen M. It isn't just Mom: Gendered provision of family and home responsibilities among emerging adults during COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1330424. [PMID: 38463426 PMCID: PMC10920304 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1330424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Media and research reports have highlighted the disproportionate burden of home and family responsibilities shouldered by women and mothers due to COVID-19-related school/childcare shutdowns. This cross-sectional study extends this line of inquiry to emerging adults. Our study of 329 diverse emerging adults suggests that young women took on more home/family responsibilities than young men amidst the pandemic, and that these duties were associated with symptoms of depression. However, results also indicate that emerging adults who reported greater home/family responsibilities amidst the pandemic also experienced more quality family time, suggesting that pandemic-related challenges may have also been accompanied by opportunities for family connection. Contrary to previous research that has shown home/family responsibilities to be concentrated by SES and race/ethnicity, we found that participants uniformly endorsed COVID-19-related impacts on home/family responsibilities across these demographic distinctions. This could reflect the ubiquity of COVID-19's impact; across race/ethnicity and class-but differentially by gender-young adults faced significant challenges in taking on new home/family roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Navarro
- Department of Human Service Studies, Elon University, Elon, NC, United States
| | - Morgan Brown
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Todd Jensen
- School of Social Work, The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mariani Weinstein
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Michaeline Jensen
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
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6
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Yazdani N, Hoyt LT, Pathak A, Breitstone L, Cohen AK. Inequalities in emerging adult college students' sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38376566 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2317178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine inequalities in sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic by gender, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position (SEP), and test associations between discrimination and sleep quality in a national longitudinal cohort of emerging adult college students. PARTICIPANTS Participants were enrolled in college full-time and were aged 18-22 at baseline. METHODS Participants completed online surveys in spring 2020 (N = 707) and summer 2021 (n = 313). Measures included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Everyday Discrimination Scale. RESULTS Most students reported poor sleep quality (78% in 2020; 82% in 2021) and those from marginalized groups generally experienced worse sleep quality. Discrimination was associated with poorer concurrent sleep quality at both time points. CONCLUSIONS Sleep inequalities among college students continued to manifest during the pandemic, even when students were not necessarily on campus. Colleges should take a multi-pronged approach to promote sleep quality through individual, community, and institutional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neshat Yazdani
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Ayurda Pathak
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lauren Breitstone
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alison K Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
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7
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Baba Z, Kienle S, Edelblute HB. Using COVID-19 online learning modules to examine concerns of university students returning to in-person learning: a mixed-methods study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38227923 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2299407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understand student concerns with returning to in-person instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic using an e-learning module. PARTICIPANTS 925 undergraduate and graduate students returning to in-person instruction in Fall 2021. METHODS Five modules educated students about COVID and the transition to in-person learning and collected quantitative and qualitative data related to concerns about COVID and in-person learning. RESULTS 65% of students expressed comfort in returning to in-person learning and almost all students answered the scenario questions correctly. Identifying as female and African-American as well as living off campus were connected to a decrease in comfort level associated with the return to in-person learning. Six major themes emerged from the qualitative data analysis. CONCLUSIONS Students were well-informed about the COVID-19 pandemic protection measures. These findings suggest that universities can do more to address concerns students have about in-person settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Baba
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Kienle
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heather B Edelblute
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Lukowski AF, Karayianis KA, Kamliot DZ, Tsukerman D. Undergraduate Student Stress, Sleep, and Health Before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Med 2024; 50:1-15. [PMID: 35765146 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2022.2085651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, undergraduate students experienced sleep problems and mental health issues that were negatively associated with academic achievement. Studies comparing undergraduate sleep and health pre- to mid-pandemic have yielded mixed results, necessitating additional research on other cohorts and examination of potential moderators. The present study was conducted to examine whether American undergraduate students tested mid-pandemic experienced poorer sleep, health, and academic achievement relative to students tested pre-pandemic, as well as to examine whether poor sleep during the pandemic was preferentially associated with poorer health in women. The current cross-sectional study included 217 participants tested pre-pandemic (February-December 2019) and a separate sample of 313 participants tested mid-pandemic (November-December 2020). Participants in both samples provided demographic information and completed questionnaires inquiring about participant sleep quality, insomnia, and cumulative grade point average (GPA); participants in the mid-pandemic sample also reported on measures of general, physical, and mental health. Participants tested mid-pandemic reported poorer global sleep quality, greater insomnia severity, greater stress, and higher cumulative GPAs relative to participants tested pre-pandemic. For the mid-pandemic sample only, poorer sleep quality was associated with reduced physical health; interactions indicated that women with poor sleep quality reported poorer mental health relative to both women with good sleep quality and men with poor quality sleep. Perceived stress mediated the association between sleep problems and GPA. These findings indicate that the pandemic negatively impacted the functioning of undergraduate students and highlights the need for future studies examining additional moderators of the reported effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela F Lukowski
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine
| | | | - Deborah Z Kamliot
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine
| | - Dmitry Tsukerman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine
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9
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Frazier P, Liu Y, Asplund A, Meredith L, Nguyen-Feng VN. US college student mental health and COVID-19: Comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic timepoints. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2686-2696. [PMID: 34762560 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1987247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess mental health in US undergraduates during COVID-19; to identify key pandemic-related stressors, perceived control, and coping and their associations with mental health. PARTICIPANTS Data collected from a sample of undergraduates in April 2020 (N = 312) were compared to data collected in Spring 2017 (N = 362). METHODS Online measures of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and perceived control and coping (both samples); pandemic-related stressors and perceived benefits (April 2020). RESULTS Depression and stress symptoms were higher in April 2020 than in 2017. Most students reported perceiving at least some pandemic-related benefits. Top-rated stressors involved missing seeing friends and school-related stressors. Perceived control and approach coping were lower during the pandemic but related to better mental health; avoidant coping was higher during the pandemic and related to poorer mental health. CONCLUSIONS Findings can inform campuses regarding how to improve student mental health during COVID and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Frazier
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alexa Asplund
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Liza Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Viann N Nguyen-Feng
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Wattick RA, Hagedorn RL, Olfert MD. Impact of resilience on college student mental health during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2184-2191. [PMID: 34448676 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1965145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted college student mental health and alcohol use and to determine how resilience could alleviate negative outcomes. PARTICIPANTS Students attending an Appalachian university during spring 2020 were surveyed shortly after on-campus activities stopped. METHODS Survey items included resilience, demographics, self-rated health, and depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and alcohol use before and since COVID-19. RESULTS There was a significant increase in prevalence of severe depression, severe anxiety, and high stress, and a significant decrease in prevalence high risk for problem drinking before and since COVID-19. Four separate standard least squares regression models were conducted with each of the dependent variables. Self-rated health was the strongest predictor for changes in depression, anxiety, and stress in each of the models, displaying a negative relationship. CONCLUSIONS Universities should prepare students using resilience training and provide employment and other resources to mitigate effects of stressful situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Wattick
- West Virginia University, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Morgantown, WV
| | - Rebecca L Hagedorn
- Meredith College, Department of Nutrition, Health, and Human Performance, Raleigh, NC
| | - Melissa D Olfert
- West Virginia University, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Morgantown, WV
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Dolbier CL, Vanacore SM, Conder L, Guiler W. A mixed-methods investigation of COVID-19 pandemic-specific stress in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37722868 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2253929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify pandemic-specific stressors among college students and compare patterns of stressors in samples obtained during early and chronic phases of the pandemic. METHOD Different undergraduate student samples from a Southeastern university completed an online survey in Spring 2020 (early pandemic; N = 673) and Fall 2020 (chronic pandemic; N = 439). This repeated cross-sectional survey study used a mixed methods triangulation design to validate and expand on quantitative findings using qualitative data. RESULTS Quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed 13 pandemic stressor domains, with academics and lifestyle adjustment among the most stressful in both samples, and more stressful in the chronic pandemic sample. Non-freshmen, female, and first-generation college students were at greater risk for pandemic stress. CONCLUSIONS As college students continue to experience stressors related to COVID-19 and encounter future crises, colleges and universities must adapt to meet their unique needs specific to the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christyn L Dolbier
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah M Vanacore
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren Conder
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - William Guiler
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Li H, Nannu Shankar S, Witanachchi CT, Lednicky JA, Loeb JC, Alam MM, Fan ZH, Lauzardo M, Mohamed K, Eiguren-Fernandez A, Wu CY. Lack of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental samples collected from September 2020-February 2021 in a university that followed CDC reopening guidance. HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ADVANCES 2023; 7:100061. [PMID: 37305381 PMCID: PMC10198740 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2023.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to provide environmental surveillance data for evaluating the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 in public areas with high foot traffic in a university. Air and surface samples were collected at a university that had the second highest number of COVID-19 cases among public higher education institutions in the U.S. during Fall 2020. A total of 60 samples were collected in 16 sampling events performed during Fall 2020 and Spring 2021. Nearly 9800 students traversed the sites during the study period. SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in any air or surface samples. The university followed CDC guidance, including COVID-19 testing, case investigations, and contact tracing. Students, faculty, and staff were asked to maintain physical distancing and wear face coverings. Although COVID-19 cases were relatively high at the university, the possibility of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infections at the sites tested was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, USA
| | | | | | - John A Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, USA
| | - Julia C Loeb
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, USA
| | - Md Mahbubul Alam
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, USA
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, USA
| | - Michael Lauzardo
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, USA
| | - Karim Mohamed
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, USA
| | | | - Chang-Yu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, USA
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, USA
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13
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Cena E, Toner P, McParland A, Burns S, Dudgeon K. Studying and Learning Psychology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Approach on Students' Perspectives of Psychological Well-being and Adjustment to Studying Online. PSYCHOLOGY LEARNING AND TEACHING-PLAT 2023; 22:137-158. [PMID: 38602925 PMCID: PMC10140764 DOI: 10.1177/14757257231169938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Background: The challenges presented by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in higher education pressured learners and instructors to incorporate online emergent learning which presented several well-being and academic challenges to students. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of studying online to students' well-being. Methods: A mixed methods approach was followed for this study. Eighty students completed an online survey that measured their stress level of studying online, and 13 semistructured interviews were conducted at Queen's University Belfast. Results: Findings suggest that online learning under such circumstances increased students' level of stress due to a number of perceived factors. Our findings also reveal the journey of student adjustment to online learning, reflecting the flexibility of blended learning as a long-term pedagogical strategy in universities, necessary for University's survival. Conclusion: As demonstrated in this study, after the initial difficulties of moving to online learning which had negative impacts on students learning and well-being, students subsequently adjusted to the online learning environment documenting students' adaptability to a new learning environment and highlighting student resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elida Cena
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paul Toner
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Aideen McParland
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephanie Burns
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Katrin Dudgeon
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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14
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Allen JL, Amick BC, Williams ML, Kennedy JL, Boehme KW, Forrest JC, Primack B, Sides EA, Nembhard WN, Gardner SF, Snowden JN, James LP, Olgaard E, Gandy J. A longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and mitigation behaviors among college students at an Arkansas University. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37289962 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2217456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Assess university students' SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and mitigation behaviors over time. Participants: Randomly selected college students (N = 344) in a predominantly rural Southern state. Methods: Participants provided blood samples and completed self-administered questionnaires at three timepoints over the academic year. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from logistic regression analyses. Results: SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence was 18.2% in September 2020, 13.1% in December, and 45.5% in March 2021 (21% for those with no vaccination history). SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence was associated with large social gatherings, staying local during the summer break, symptoms of fatigue or rhinitis, Greek affiliation, attending Greek events, employment, and using social media as the primary COVID-19 information source. In March 2021, seroprevalence was associated with receiving at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was higher in this population of college students than previous studies. Results can assist leaders in making informed decisions as new variants threaten college campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimi L Allen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Benjamin C Amick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mark L Williams
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Joshua L Kennedy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Karl W Boehme
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Centre for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Responses, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - J Craig Forrest
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Brian Primack
- Department of Public Health and Medicine, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Erica Ashley Sides
- Translational Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Stephanie F Gardner
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jessica N Snowden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Laura P James
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Translational Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ericka Olgaard
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jay Gandy
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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15
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Gonzales G, de Mola EL, Robertson L, Gavulic KA, McKay T. LGBTQ College student health and wellbeing at the onset of the pandemic: additional evidence and lessons learned from COVID-19. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:967. [PMID: 37237277 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has killed more than six million people and disrupted health care systems globally. In the United States alone, more than one million people have died from COVID-19 infections. At the start of the pandemic, nearly all aspects of our lives paused to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus. Many institutions of higher education transitioned to remote learning and enacted social distancing measures. This study examined the health needs and vulnerabilities of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) college students at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. METHODS We fielded a rapid-response online survey between April and June of 2020. We recruited 578 LGBTQ-identifying college students aged 18 years and older by reaching out to LGBTQ-serving organizations on 254 college campuses and via targeted social media advertising. RESULTS Approximately 40% of LGBTQ college students surveyed were dissatisfied with life at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and almost all (90%) were concerned that COVID-19 would threaten their mental health. Moreover, about 40% of LGBTQ college students reported unmet mental health needs, and 28% were worried about seeking care during the pandemic because of their LGBTQ identity. One out of four LGBTQ college students had to go back in the closet because of the pandemic, and approximately 40% were concerned about their finances or personal safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of these adverse outcomes were prominent among younger students, Hispanic/Latinx students, and students with unsupportive families or colleges. CONCLUSIONS Our study adds novel findings to the large body of research demonstrating that LGBTQ college students experienced distress and elevated mental health needs early in the pandemic. Future research should examine the long-term consequences of the pandemic among LGBTQ and other minoritized college students. Public health policymakers, health care providers, and college and university officials should provide LGBTQ students affirming emotional supports and services to ensure their success as the COVID-19 pandemic transitions to endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Gonzales
- Department of Medicine, Health & Society, Department of Health Policy, Program for Public Policy Studies, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place PMB #351665, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Emilio Loret de Mola
- Department of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee Robertson
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Tara McKay
- Department of Medicine, Health & Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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16
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Brites R, Paulino M, Brissos S, Gabriel S, Alho L, Simões MR, Silva CF. Initial Psychological Reactions to COVID-19 of Middle Adolescents in Portugal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095705. [PMID: 37174223 PMCID: PMC10178418 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In its early stage, the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent public health measures brought several challenges to people in general, with adolescents being one of the most affected groups. To assess the psychological reactions of Portuguese adolescents in that early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted an online survey that was filled by a sample of 340 (67.6% female and 32.4% male) middle adolescents (aged 16 and 17 years). Using the Impact Event Scale-Revised and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, we found that most participants reported a normal score for depression, anxiety, and stress. However, 47.1% reported some level of pandemic-related traumatic distress, and 25.6% reported high severity values. The girls' levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and traumatic distress were significantly higher than those of the boys. Regression models showed that gender, number of symptoms experienced in the past days, self-reported health status, and concern with family were significant predictors of these mental health indicators. Our findings underscore the need for future research on the long-term traumatic psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents, and on the gender differences in this group. This will allow the development of strategies to identify and address at-risk adolescents, since the promotion of mental health and the prevention of pathology are imperative for the health of current and future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Brites
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia (CIP), da Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, 1169 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mauro Paulino
- Mind Institute of Clinical and Forensic Psychology, 1990 Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Brissos
- Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, 1749 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Gabriel
- Mind Institute of Clinical and Forensic Psychology, 1990 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Alho
- Mind Institute of Clinical and Forensic Psychology, 1990 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário R Simões
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos F Silva
- Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
- William James Center for Research, ISPA & University of Aveiro, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
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17
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Kozina A, Wiium N. The development of the 5Cs of positive youth development in a school year: A 3-wave longitudinal study of Slovenian youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2023; 14:982856. [PMID: 37089741 PMCID: PMC10113442 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.982856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper analyses the longitudinal pathways for the 5Cs of positive youth development outcomes (Competence, Confidence, Character, Caring, Connection) in a school context during the COVID-19 pandemic. The theoretical framework for the paper is provided by the Positive youth development (PYD) perspective, which focuses on the importance of the interplay between individual characteristics and contexts. In the period of adolescence, school and its characteristics are one of the most influential contexts for the promotion of positive youth development. Therefore, the paper focused on the changes in the 5Cs in one school year using the methodology of longitudinal research (latent growth modeling) with three measurement points (beginning of the school year, middle of the school year, and the end of the school year). We used a sample of Slovenian youth (N = 1241 participants; 59,5% female; Mage = 15.35, SD = 1.21) who participated in the PYD-SI-MODEL study and responded to the PYD questionnaire during the current COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we tested whether the development of the 5Cs in a school year differed by gender, age, and school level (lower-secondary, upper-secondary). The results indicated a significant decrease in Connection, Caring, and Character from the beginning to the end of the school year and an increase in Competence and Confidence in the same period. Significant intercept-slope interactions were detected in Confidence and Connection indicating that their higher initial level is associated with a more stable trajectory throughout the school year. In addition, we found that gender and school level play a significant role in several of the pathways while age was not a significant covariate with any of the Cs. The study is the first to test 5Cs pathways in one school year, using Slovenian data. In addition to the important role of contexts on positive developmental outcomes, the study highlights the significance of 5Cs promotion in pandemic times as much as in more stable times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kozina
- The Educational Research Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Ana Kozina,
| | - Nora Wiium
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Kornienko DS, Rudnova NA. Exploring the Associations between Happiness, Life-satisfaction, Anxiety, and Emotional Regulation among Adults during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia. PSYCHOLOGY IN RUSSIA: STATE OF ART 2023; 16:99-113. [PMID: 37795214 PMCID: PMC10547116 DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a world health crisis, but also an ordeal for people's mental health and psychological well-being. The period of the COVID-19 lockdown has changed everyday life and increased anxiety, fears, and stress from habitual activities such as meetings, shopping, and the use of public transport. As the worry and nervousness increase, they threaten the cognitive (Life-satisfaction) and emotional (Happiness) components of well-being. Emotional regulation strategies are a mechanism to cope with the threat. Objective This study assessed the impact of anxiety, perceived stress from COVID-19, and emotional regulation strategies on well-being during the first weeks of the lockdown in Russia. Design Questionnaire-based surveys were conducted online from March 31 to April 30, 2020. A total of 589 participants (18 to 73 years of age) were recruited. The Subjective Happiness Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Perceived Source of Stress from COVID-19 scales were used. Results Among the various sources of stress, only that from restrictions on everyday life impacted well-being. High anxiety, but not perceived stress, decreased the feelings of Happiness and Life-satisfaction. Additionally, emotional regulation strategies played different roles in their impact on well-being: Cognitive reappraisal lowered negative emotions, but emotional suppression increased dissatisfaction with life. Conclusion These findings suggest that people's effective and relevant regulation of their emotions during public health emergencies and ability to avoid losses caused by crisis events, have become urgent needs, requiring the development of psychological interventions to support well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy S. Kornienko
- Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy & Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Rudnova
- Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Dela Cruz IC, Agpaoa DCM, Archeta MBB, Paris JGH, Simon PD. Hope and depression among pandemic graduates. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2023.2192952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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20
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Sciurti A, Baccolini V, Renzi E, De Blasiis MR, Siena LM, Isonne C, Migliara G, Massimi A, De Vito C, Marzuillo C, Villari P. Attitudes of University Students towards Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination Policies: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Rome, Italy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040721. [PMID: 37112633 PMCID: PMC10141490 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mandatory vaccination (MV) against COVID-19 is a contentious topic. In this study, we used logistic regression models to identify attitudes among Sapienza University students towards MV for COVID-19. We considered three different scenarios: mandatory COVID-19 vaccination (MCV) for healthcare workers (HCWs) (Model 1), for all people aged ≥ 12 years (Model 2), and for admission to schools and universities (Model 3). We collected 5287 questionnaires over a six-month period and divided these into three groups (September-October 2021, November-December 2021, and January-February 2022). MCV for HCWs was the most strongly supported policy (69.8% in favour), followed by MCV for admission to schools and universities (58.3%), and MCV for the general population (54.6%). In a multivariable analysis, the models showed both similarities and differences. There was no association of socio-demographic characteristics with the outcomes, apart from being enrolled in non-healthcare courses, which negatively affected Models 2 and 3. A greater COVID-19 risk perception was generally associated with a more positive attitude towards MCV, although heterogeneously across models. Vaccination status was a predictor of being in favour of MCV for HCWs, whereas being surveyed in November-February 2022 favoured MCV for admission to schools and universities. Attitudes towards MCV were variable across policies; thus, to avoid unintended consequences, these aspects should be carefully considered by policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sciurti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Renzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Roberta De Blasiis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Maria Siena
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Isonne
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Azzurra Massimi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Marzuillo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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21
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Ramos MS, Corona R, Dempster KW, Morton SCM, Everhart RS. The COVID-19 pandemic: asthma control, tobacco use, and mental health among African American and Latinx college students. J Asthma 2023; 60:496-507. [PMID: 35385676 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2062673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on tobacco use and mental health in US African American and Latinx college students with asthma. Associations among asthma control, tobacco use, and mental health were also examined. METHODS 105 African American and Latinx college students with asthma (18-23 years) completed two online questionnaires (June 2019-March 2020 for Time 1; August 2020-October 2020 for Time 2). Participants completed the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (measure of COVID-19 impact), Asthma Control Test, Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (measure of depression), Perceived Stress Scale, and items related to tobacco use. RESULTS Asthma control improved (t = -3.326, p = 0.001) from Time 1 to 2, and e-vapor product use decreased (χ2104 = 6.572, p = 0.010). COVID-19 impact was positively associated with students' symptoms of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress (B = 0.201, p < 0.001; B = 0.179, p < 0.001; and B = 0.199, p = 0.001, respectively) at Time 2. These results remained significant with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Asthma control at Time 1 was negatively associated with anxiety symptoms at Time 2 (B = -0.418, p = 0.023); however, associations with perceived stress (B = -0.514, p = 0.019) and all other tobacco product use (B = -0.233, p = 0.030) did not remain significant with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction. CONCLUSIONS As hypothesized, a higher COVID-19 impact score was associated with students endorsing more mental health symptoms. Better control of asthma symptoms before the pandemic predicted fewer anxiety symptoms during the pandemic.
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22
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Quiles TB, Hoyt LT, Dotson MP, Castro EM, May M, Cohen AK. Who has to act? A qualitative exploration of emerging adults' critical consciousness during the COVID-19 pandemic. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 71:136-146. [PMID: 36594881 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and violence against people of Color during 2020 brought troubling racial inequities to the forefront of American discourse. In line with the Critical Consciousness (CC) and Social Justice Youth Development (SJYD) frameworks, emerging adults may have developed their capacity for critical reflection, motivation, and action against systemic inequities. We drew from interviews with 27 emerging adults (ages 18-23) across the US, and used thematic analysis to explore differences in their reflections, motivations to act, and actions based on their racial/ethnic identification. We found nuanced variability in their critical reflections based on self, social, or global awareness and experiences of marginalization. White and Asian emerging adults used vague language or expressed feeling their reflections were insufficient. Black and Latinx emerging adults emphasized the importance of education and raising awareness. Although all emerging adults took action based on a sense of duty, few engaged in critical action; decisions to take in-person action varied based on whether they viewed racism or COVID-19 as a greater threat. Findings demonstrate that emerging adults' experiences of racialization may have related to their CC development. We share implications for community psychologists conducting antiracist research addressing White fragility and dismantling racial hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina B Quiles
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lindsay T Hoyt
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Miranda P Dotson
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elena Maker Castro
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, School of Education & Information Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Madeline May
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alison K Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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23
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Eysenbach G, Schrager SM, Rhoades H, Goldbach JT. Nominal Versus Realized Costs of Recruiting and Retaining a National Sample of Sexual Minority Adolescents in the United States: Longitudinal Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e36764. [PMID: 36729597 PMCID: PMC9936358 DOI: 10.2196/36764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web-based recruitment for research studies is becoming increasingly popular and necessary. When compared with the traditional methods of recruitment, these methods may enable researchers to reach more diverse participants in less time. Social media use is highly prevalent among adolescents, and the unique context of social media may be particularly important for the recruitment of sexual minority young people who would not be captured by traditional methods. OBJECTIVE This paper described the details of a national web-based study recruitment approach aimed at sexual minority adolescents across the United States, focusing on important details of this relatively novel approach, including cost, time efficiency, and retention outcomes. METHODS This study recruited sexual minority adolescents aged 14-17 years living in the United States through targeted advertisements on Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube and through respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Potential participants completed eligibility screening surveys and were automatically directed to a baseline survey if they were eligible. After baseline survey completion, additional data checks were implemented, and the remaining participants were contacted for recruitment into a longitudinal study (surveys every 6 months for 3 years). RESULTS Recruitment lasted 44 weeks, and 9843 participants accessed the initial screening survey, with 2732 (27.76%) meeting the eligibility criteria and completing the baseline survey. Of those, 2558 (93.63%) were determined to have provided nonfraudulent, usable study data and 1076 (39.39%) subsequently enrolled in the longitudinal study. Of the baseline sample, 79.05% (2022/2558) was recruited through Facebook and Instagram, 3.05% (78/2558) through YouTube, and 17.9% (458/2558) through RDS. The average cost of recruiting a participant into the study was US $12.98, but the recruitment cost varied by method or platform, with a realized cost of US $13 per participant on Facebook and Instagram, US $24 on YouTube, and US $10 through RDS. Participant differences (sex assigned at birth, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, region, and urbanicity) were identified between platforms and methods both in terms of overall number of participants and cost per participant. Facebook and Instagram were the most time efficient (approximately 15 days to recruit 100 participants), whereas RDS was the least time efficient (approximately 70 days to recruit 100 participants). Participants recruited through YouTube were the most likely to be longitudinally retained, followed by Facebook and Instagram, and then RDS. CONCLUSIONS Large differences exist in study recruitment cost and efficiency when using social media and RDS. Demographic, region, and urbanicity differences in recruitment methods highlight the need for attention to demographic diversity when planning and implementing recruitment across platforms. Finally, it is more cost-effective to retain than recruit samples, and this study provided evidence that with thorough screening and data quality practices, social media recruitment can result in diverse, highly involved study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harmony Rhoades
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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24
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Tiwari S, Chanak P, Singh SK. A Review of the Machine Learning Algorithms for Covid-19 Case Analysis. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2023; 4:44-59. [PMID: 36908643 PMCID: PMC9983698 DOI: 10.1109/tai.2022.3142241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to see how machine learning (ML) algorithms and applications are used in the COVID-19 inquiry and for other purposes. The available traditional methods for COVID-19 international epidemic prediction, researchers and authorities have given more attention to simple statistical and epidemiological methodologies. The inadequacy and absence of medical testing for diagnosing and identifying a solution is one of the key challenges in preventing the spread of COVID-19. A few statistical-based improvements are being strengthened to answer this challenge, resulting in a partial resolution up to a certain level. ML have advocated a wide range of intelligence-based approaches, frameworks, and equipment to cope with the issues of the medical industry. The application of inventive structure, such as ML and other in handling COVID-19 relevant outbreak difficulties, has been investigated in this article. The major goal of this article is to 1) Examining the impact of the data type and data nature, as well as obstacles in data processing for COVID-19. 2) Better grasp the importance of intelligent approaches like ML for the COVID-19 pandemic. 3) The development of improved ML algorithms and types of ML for COVID-19 prognosis. 4) Examining the effectiveness and influence of various strategies in COVID-19 pandemic. 5) To target on certain potential issues in COVID-19 diagnosis in order to motivate academics to innovate and expand their knowledge and research into additional COVID-19-affected industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Tiwari
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Prasenjit Chanak
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 India
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25
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Luo Y, Deng Y, Ma T, Jiang Y. The influence of gratitude on depressive symptoms among Chinese college students during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The moderating effect of psychological capital. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Zhaoqing University Zhaoqing China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Tangsheng Ma
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Psychological Counseling Center, Department of Student Affairs Management Shanghai University Shanghai China
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26
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Kimaru LJ, Habila MA, Mantina NM, Lopez DN, Melton F. The impact of COVID-19 on academic performance among college-level students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-7. [PMID: 36595581 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2155052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the impact of COVID-19 on university students' academic performance. Participants: Our sample consisted of students 18 years old and above enrolled at least part-time during the Spring 2020 semester. Methods: This cross-sectional survey examined the individual, social, and economic impacts of COVID-19 on academic performance. We examined factors associated with a change in GPA between the two semesters. Results: Most students reported no change in GPA. Students of color had significantly increased odds of reporting a decrease in GPA than non-Hispanic White students (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.01, 7.16). Students who had someone close to them test positive for COVID-19 had increased odds of reporting a decrease in GPA (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 0.55, 5.93). Conclusion: Higher learning institutions may need to develop strategies to improve support for students that have been socio-economically impacted by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jepkoech Kimaru
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Magdiel A Habila
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Namoonga M Mantina
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Diego Niña Lopez
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Forest Melton
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Emrani J, Hefner EN. Socio-demographic Heterogeneity in Prevalence of SARS-COV-2 Infection and Death Rate: Relevance to Black College Student Knowledge of COVID-19 and SARS-COV-2. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:14-31. [PMID: 35119679 PMCID: PMC8815385 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Black and Brown communities are affected disproportionately by COVID-19. In an attempt to learn if young Black college students unknowingly contribute to the spread of the COVID-19 in their communities, using surveys, this pilot study gauges the general safety knowledge and basic scientific knowledge of Black college students about SARS-COV-2 virus and COVID-19 at an HBCU. We also investigated whether students enrolled in chemistry courses designed for STEM (Science, Technology, and Engineering Majors) majors displayed increased knowledge of SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19 in comparison to their non-STEM major peers. Two sets of surveys with multiple choice questions, one with 25 and the other with 34 questions, were designed to assess general safety knowledge and basic scientific knowledge of the students about COVID-19 and the SARS-COV-2 virus. Survey questions were administered through Blackboard learning management system to one hundred eighty-seven (187) students in the summer of 2020 to two freshman non-science majors and in the fall of 2020 to one freshman non-science-major class, two freshmen STEM-major classes, and one senior STEM-major class. All students self-registered in the 6 chemistry classes at North Carolina A&T State University at random with no predetermined criteria. Results of the study show that regardless of their year of study, majority (> 90%) of the students possess basic scientific knowledge and are aware of the safety precautions concerning SARS-COV-2 virus and COVID-19. Majority of non-science major freshmen answered the basic safety questions correctly but were not able to choose the correct answers for the more specific scientific questions concerning SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in basic scientific knowledge regarding SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19 between STEM and non-STEM student populations, and first year STEM students were just as knowledgeable as senior STEM students. Based on these data, we speculate that students surveyed here have an acceptable basic understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted, and therefore, they may not be a source of COVID-19 transmission to Black and Brown communities as this study confirms they are receiving accurate information about SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19. Possession of crucial timely and accurate knowledge about the health and safety is important in fighting racism and to gain equity within the society at large. By sharing the acquired knowledge, students can serve as positive role models for others in the community thus encouraging them to pursue science. Education brings equity, sharing the acquired knowledge encourages others to continue their education and succeed in obtaining higher degrees and better jobs as remedies for social inequality. Spread of accurate knowledge on various aspects of COVID-19 will also help remove fears of vaccination and hesitation towards visits to health clinics to resolve health issues. Relying on the results of this pilot study, we plan to explore these important factors further in our next study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Emrani
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27410 USA
| | - Elia Nichelle Hefner
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27410 USA
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Predicting Compliance with Sanitary Behaviors among Students in Higher Education During the Second COVID-19 Wave: The Role of Health Anxiety and Risk Perception. Psychol Belg 2023; 63:1-15. [PMID: 36643577 PMCID: PMC9818048 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To limit the spread of COVID-19, public authorities have recommended sanitary behaviors such as handwashing, mask-wearing, physical distancing, and social distancing. We recruited a large sample of higher education students in Belgium (N = 3201-3441) to investigate the role of sociodemographic variables, mental health, previous COVID-19 infections, academic involvement, and risk perception on adherence to these sanitary behaviors. This cross-sectional study took place during the second COVID-19 wave in Belgium, between February and March 2021. Analyses showed that living alone, being female, later in the academic curriculum, having higher general and health anxiety, higher academic involvement, and higher risk perception were positively associated with adherence to the four aforementioned sanitary behaviors. Conversely, previous infection with COVID-19 and having been quarantined were negative predictors. Our results show a set of predictors highly similar for the four sanitary behaviors. We discuss potential initiatives to increase adherence to sanitary behaviors in this group of highly educated youngsters.
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Reinhardt A, Weber W, Rossmann C. Drivers of young adults' voluntary compliance with COVID-19 protective measures: results from a multi-method study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2401. [PMID: 36544123 PMCID: PMC9768790 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the easing of governmental COVID-19 restrictions, promoting voluntary public compliance with protective measures becomes essential for the pandemic evolution. A highly relevant target group for such health promotion are adolescents and young adults since they showed a strong decline in compliance throughout the pandemic. Building on an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior, this article investigates drivers of young people's intentions to engage in voluntary COVID-19 measures in phases of re-opening. METHODS We conducted a sequential multi-method study among 14- to 29-year-olds in Germany: (1) a semi-standardized online survey (N = 88) to examine underlying beliefs and (2) a standardized online survey (N = 979) to identify influencing factors of compliance. The pre-study addressed the respondents' perceptions about wearing a mask, social distancing, and avoiding crowded locations (open-ended questions). Responses for all protective measures were aggregated to identify general behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about COVID-19 protective measures. In order to gain generalizable insights into the factors determining voluntary compliance intentions in younger adults, we conceptualized the model constructs in the subsequent standardized online survey as formative measures based on their underlying beliefs. PLS-SEM was used to examine the effects of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, risk perceptions, and knowledge on young people's intentions to comply (main study). Furthermore, a multi-group analysis was conducted to investigate differences between compliers and non-compliers. RESULTS The pre-study revealed that young people's instrumental attitudes not only cover reasons of protection but also aspects of self-presentation (e.g., being a role model). The main study showed that besides knowledge and perceived severity of illness, instrumental attitude is the strongest predictor of intention to comply. The influence is even stronger in the group of non-compliers. CONCLUSION This article highlights the importance of theory-based campaign planning and provides practical guidance to health communicators on how to increase voluntary compliance with COVID-19 protective measures in adolescents and young adults. The findings demonstrate the great potential of combining the Theory of Planned Behavior with risk perception and knowledge to gain deeper insights into the feelings and thoughts of younger target groups during a health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Reinhardt
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Winja Weber
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constanze Rossmann
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Media and Communication, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 Munich, Germany
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Caglayan Akay E, Dumludag D, Bulbul H, Zulfuoglu O. Students in Turkey During the Early Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 18:249-277. [PMID: 36405036 PMCID: PMC9667844 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to analyse the subjective well-being of university students during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic process and to examine how students have been affected economically, psychologically and socially. Other subjects included in the scope of the study are the suitability of the physical conditions during the process of online education, the students' motivation, and their expectations towards the future. The study also analyses the connection between these factors and the subjective well-being concepts of happiness and life satisfaction. The study focuses on students of the Faculty of Economics at Marmara University in Turkey. In total, 428 students took part in the survey prepared for the study. Descriptive analyses indicate that students have been negatively affected in terms of psychological and socio-economic factors along with subjective well-being. Ordered probit models show a statistically significant relationship between a major part of these changes and subjective well-being variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devrim Dumludag
- Department of Economics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hoseng Bulbul
- Department of Econometrics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Zulfuoglu
- Department of Public Finance, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Linking the Estimation of Threat and COVID-19 Fear and Safety Behavior Use: Does Intolerance of Uncertainty Matter? Int J Cogn Ther 2022; 15:479-491. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-022-00148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Diepstra K, Bullington BW, Premkumar L, Shook-Sa BE, Jones C, Pettifor A. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence: Demographic and Behavioral Factors Associated With Seropositivity Among College Students in a University Setting. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:559-569. [PMID: 35985917 PMCID: PMC9377272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and the association of seropositivity with demographic, geographic, and behavioral variables among University of North Carolina Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) undergraduate students enrolled in the fall 2020 semester. METHODS All UNC-CH undergraduate students were invited to participate in the Heelcheck study; participants were weighted to the UNC-CH undergraduate population using raking methods. We estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence at study entrance (11/12/2020-12/10/2020) and bivariable associations using log-binomial regression. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 7.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4%-9.2%) at baseline. Compared to students who were living off-campus in the Chapel Hill/Carrboro area (CH) for the Fall 2020 semester (8.6% seroprevalence), students who never returned to CH had lower seroprevalence (1.9%, prevalence ratio (PR), 95% CI: 0.22, 0.06-0.81), whereas, students who started the semester on-campus and moved to off-campus CH housing had 18.9% seroprevalence (PR, 95% CI: 2.21, 1.04-4.72) and students who spent the semester living in a Sorority/Fraternity house had 46.8% seroprevalence (PR, 95% CI: 5.47, 2.62-11.46). Those who predicted they would join an indoor party unmasked had 3.8 times the seroprevalence of those who indicated they would not attend (PR, 95% CI: 3.80, 1.58-9.16). Compared to students who disagreed with the statement "…I am not going to let COVID-19 stop me from having fun…", those who agreed had higher seroprevalence (14.0% vs. 5.7%; (PR, 95% CI: 2.45, 1.13-5.32)). DISCUSSION Increased seroprevalence was associated with congregate living and participation (actual or endorsed) in social activities. During pandemics, universities must create safe socializing opportunities while minimizing transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Diepstra
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Brooke W. Bullington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bonnie E. Shook-Sa
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Corbin Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Audrey Pettifor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Postill G, Adams CL, Zanin C, Halpin M, Ritter C. Adherence of those at low risk of disease to public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276746. [PMID: 36282884 PMCID: PMC9595514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health measures (PHMs) proactively and reactively reduce the spread of disease. While these measures target individual behaviour, they require broad adherence to be effective. Consequently, the World Health Organization issued a special appeal to young adults, a known non-adherent population, for increased adherence with COVID-19 guidelines. However, little is known about why these low-risk individuals do or do not adhere to PHMs. This study investigates why young adults in a low-risk setting adhered to PHMs implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative research approach was chosen to gain an in-depth understanding of participants’ thoughts and experiences related to PHM adherence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in April-May 2021 with 30 young adults living in Prince Edward Island (PEI), the province with the lowest COVID-19 case rate in Canada at that time. Thematic analysis was used to create a codebook based on the Theoretical Domains Framework, which was then inductively modified. The analysis identified eight themes that explained the adherence of young adults: (1) clear, purpose-driven adherence rationale, (2) developing trust in the local leadership, (3) adapting to novel measures, (4) manageable disruption, (5) adhering to reduce anxiety, (6) collective duty towards one’s community, (7) moral culpability and (8) using caution rather than compliance. Together, these themes demonstrate that young adults adhered to PHMs because of their sense of connection to their community, public health leadership, and concerns over stigma. We further argue that clear guidelines and communication from public health officials during both periods of high and low COVID-19 cases facilitate adherence. These findings are important for mitigating future public health emergencies as they explain why young adults, an important segment of the population whose adherence is critical to the success of PHMs, follow PHMs. Further, these findings can inform public health officials and other stakeholders aiming to develop successful adherence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Postill
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy L. Adams
- Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Claire Zanin
- Faculty of Science, University of Guelph, East Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Halpin
- Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Caroline Ritter
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Martínez de la Torre C, Córcoles García S, Bernad Carbonell F, Navarro Plaza E, Córcoles García M, Llano Gómez C. Actitudes y opiniones de la población adolescente sobre las recomendaciones de protección de la salud frente a la COVID-19. REVISTA CLÍNICA DE MEDICINA DE FAMILIA 2022. [DOI: 10.55783/rcmf.150305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: determinar las opiniones y actitudes de los estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria sobre las medidas de prevención frente al virus SARS-CoV-2, así como analizar los factores asociados a una mejor actitud hacia ellas.
Diseño: estudio descriptivo transversal.
Emplazamiento: centros de enseñanza secundaria.
Participantes: 1.886 adolescentes que cursaban enseñanza secundaria de quince institutos de cinco comunidades autónomas.
Mediciones principales: mediante encuesta anónima autocumplimentada, se valoraron aspectos sociodemográficos, hábitos de salud (actividad física, consumo de alcohol y tabaco) y opiniones, percepciones y actitudes sobre las recomendaciones preventivas durante la pandemia de la COVID-19.
Resultados: edad media: 13,8 años (desviación estándar [DE]:1,3). El 88,6% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 87,1-90,1) conocía las recomendaciones. El 43,4% (IC 95%: 41,2-45,7) cumplió todas las medidas durante el confinamiento y el 31,3% (IC 95%: 29,2-33,5) cumplió todas las medidas durante el resto de pandemia. La medida peor considerada fue el adelanto del cierre de establecimientos (36,1%), seguida del cierre entre ciudades (35%) y de evitar reuniones (26,6%). Mediante regresión logística, fueron variables asociadas de forma independiente a una mejor actitud hacia las medidas durante la pandemia: menor edad (odds ratio [OR]: 1,14), no consumir alcohol (OR: 2,11), conocer las recomendaciones (OR: 2,11) y creer que existirán consecuencias negativas para el país (OR: 1,48).
Conclusiones: los jóvenes y las jóvenes mostraron una actitud positiva hacia las medidas frente a la COVID-19 y una mayoría las conocía. Cumplieron en gran medida las recomendaciones preventivas, aunque no en su totalidad, siendo superior su cumplimiento durante el confinamiento. La opinión sobre las medidas se relaciona con la edad, la actitud con el alcohol, el conocimiento de las medidas y las posibles consecuencias de la pandemia.
Palabras clave: promoción de la salud, prevención de enfermedades, salud del adolescente, COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez de la Torre
- Centro de Salud Zona VIII de Albacete. Unidad Docente Multiprofesional de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria de Albacete. Gerencia de Atención Integrada de Albacete. Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha. Albacete (España)
| | - Sara Córcoles García
- Centro de Salud Zona VIII de Albacete. Unidad Docente Multiprofesional de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria de Albacete. Gerencia de Atención Integrada de Albacete. Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha. Albacete (España)
| | - Fernando Bernad Carbonell
- Centro de Salud Zona IV de Albacete. Unidad Docente Multiprofesional de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria de Albacete. Gerencia de Atención Integrada de Albacete. Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha. Albacete (España)
| | - Eugenia Navarro Plaza
- Centro de Salud Zona VIII de Albacete. Unidad Docente Multiprofesional de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria de Albacete. Gerencia de Atención Integrada de Albacete. Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha. Albacete (España)
| | - Marta Córcoles García
- Centro de Salud Zona V de Albacete. Unidad Docente Multiprofesional de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria de Albacete. Gerencia de Atención Integrada de Albacete. Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha. Albacete (España)
| | - Carlos Llano Gómez
- Centro de Salud Zona VIII de Albacete. Unidad Docente Multiprofesional de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria de Albacete. Gerencia de Atención Integrada de Albacete. Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha. Albacete (España)
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Elia A, Negara DJ, Ferdinand, Neneng S, Meitiana, Anden T, Astuti MH, Segah H. State versus action orientation and compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10725. [PMID: 36186713 PMCID: PMC9512528 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the roles of activity versus state direction in how Indonesians adhered to COVID-19 preventive behaviour using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). A total of 615 participants were gathered through a web questionnaire containing 68 questions. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to determine the causal relationships of the latent variable construct. The results revealed that information sources positively influence both attitudes and subjective norms toward preventive behaviour. The results also support self-regulation as a moderator of the main intent-behaviour relationship. Moreover, state-oriented people cannot self-regulate their behaviour to comply with COVID-19 protocols. This investigation provides productive experiences for strategists and managers to improve COVID-19 compliance. This paper's analysis also contributes to literature by revealing the intention to comply with COVID-19 protocols by emphasizing the role of self-regulation. The findings are relevant to practitioners and policymakers in the field of public health and managing of human behavior, particularly to improve of compliance with COVID-19 prevention. Therefore, governments or public health organizations can be utilized to improve the number of individuals who practice COVID-19 preventative behaviours now and in the future, but various factors must be addressed. Future directions and recommendations for improving TPB are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrie Elia
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia
| | - Danes Jaya Negara
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia
| | - Ferdinand
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia
| | - Sunaryo Neneng
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia
| | - Meitiana
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia
| | - Trecy Anden
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia
| | - Maria Haryulin Astuti
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia
| | - Hendrik Segah
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia
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Gravagna K, Basta NE, Nederhoff D, Cheng B, McKearnan SB, Bonner KE, Ulrich AK. Willingness to be vaccinated, preventative behaviors, and social contact patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic among US college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36107804 PMCID: PMC10014473 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the frequency of preventative COVID-19 behaviors and vaccination willingness among United States (US) college and university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Participants (N = 653) were ≥18 years old and students at institutions for higher education in the US in March 2020. Methods: Students self-reported preventative behaviors, willingness to be vaccinated, and social contact patterns during four waves of online surveys from May-August 2020. Results: Student engagement in preventative behaviors was generally high. The majority of students intended to be vaccinated (81.5%). Overall, there were no significant differences in the proportion adopting preventative behaviors or in willingness to be vaccinated by sex or geographic location. The most common reason for willingness to get vaccinated was wanting to contribute to ending COVID-19 outbreaks (44.7%). Conclusions: Early in the pandemic, college students primarily reported willingness to vaccinate and adherence to preventative behaviors. Outreach strategies are needed to continue this momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Gravagna
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill university, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole E. Basta
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill university, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dawn Nederhoff
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bethany Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill university, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Kimberly E. Bonner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angela K. Ulrich
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Okun ML, Walden A, Robertson AC, Oltz K, Ingram RE, Feliciano L. Psychological and physical health behavior deviations in students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-9. [PMID: 36084203 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study sought to understand how the pandemic impacted mental and physical health behaviors in University students. Methods: Undergraduate and graduate students were asked to answer questions on depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, and physical activity "prior to" and "during" the shutdown. Results: 457/960 (47.6%) completed the entire survey. Paired samples t-tests showed significant change in mental and physical health behaviors over time. Hierarchical regression models indicated that negative experiences during the shutdown were associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality (all p's < .001), but not time spent exercising or sedentary behavior. In addition, positive experiences during the shutdown acted as a buffer. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic shutdown negatively impacted University students. Significant mental and physical health consequences were observed. These effects may linger long past the re-opening of society, and it may be prudent to prepare for additional demand on campus resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Okun
- BioFrontiers Center, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Allison Walden
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Anna C Robertson
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Katie Oltz
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Rebecca E Ingram
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Leilani Feliciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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Leistner CE, Lawlor N, Lippmann M, Briggs LM. College Student Experiences Regarding the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Their Sexual Lives. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2022; 27:343-362. [PMID: 36093362 PMCID: PMC9440447 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-022-10016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID 19 pandemic has impacted sexual health in a variety of ways. The purpose of this research was to examine the ways in which college students (attending a university providing primarily online curriculum during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters) perceive the pandemic influencing their sexual health and lives. Participants were undergraduate students (N = 66) at a mid-sized Western university recruited during the beginning of the spring 2021 semester. Participants completed an anonymous online survey. A Thematic Analysis of responses to two open-ended questions asking about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their sexual health and lives was conducted. Several important themes were identified during this analysis: (1) Sexual activity and quality, (2) Relationship dynamics, (3) Self-focus, (4) New partners, (5) Sexual healthcare, (6) No change. Findings have implications for promoting sexual health for students during times when the majority of instruction is conducted online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Leistner
- Department of Public Health and Health Services Administration, California State University Chico, Chico, CA USA
| | - Natalie Lawlor
- Department of Public Health and Health Services Administration, California State University Chico, Chico, CA USA
- Department of Psychology , California State University Chio , CA Chico, USA
| | - Marie Lippmann
- Department of Public Health and Health Services Administration, California State University Chico, Chico, CA USA
- Department of Psychology , California State University Chio , CA Chico, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Briggs
- Department of Public Health and Health Services Administration, California State University Chico, Chico, CA USA
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Źróbek-Różańska A. Stay or leave the city? Students and rented accommodation during COVID-19 pandemic. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 128:103788. [PMID: 35668727 PMCID: PMC9159975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the world-wide massive expansion in the number of higher education students has occurred, they are considered as an important driver of urban change. Off-campus student accommodation in the form of shared rental housing has become increasingly significant all over the world, with studies suggesting that this is having important consequences for housing markets in the many cities. As a result, there is a growing need for research showing the behaviour and motivation of this group of tenants. The COVID-19 pandemic and implemented restrictions provided a unique opportunity to explore the behaviour of young tenants in an unusual situation. By survey conducted in such inimitable conditions, new general knowledge has been gained. To highlight a key result, it was found that students are a large and extremely flexible group of tenants who demonstrate no reluctance to terminate a tenancy agreement and return quickly to the family home. The empirical results show that they displayed no attachment to the rented flat, full reluctance to pay for the reservation of a place and good knowledge of the market situation, leading to the negotiation of lower prices and more favourable rental conditions. However, their motivation to stay and continue to rent included uncomfortable study conditions at the family home, a romantic relationship with a partner, a job in the city and strong existing social bonds. The results reported in this study can be useful for global investors on the rental real estate market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Źróbek-Różańska
- Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie (University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn), Katedra Geografii Społeczno-ekonomicznej (Department of Socio-economic Geography), ul. Prawocheńskiego 15, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
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40
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Eugene DR, Blalock C, Robinson ED, Crutchfield J. The moderating effect of COVID-19 stress on school racial climate and parent and child mental well-being. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2022; 139:106572. [PMID: 35720109 PMCID: PMC9187857 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The deleterious and racially disparate health outcomes of COVID-19 have been on full display since the pandemic began in the United States; however, less exploration has been dedicated to understanding short- and long-term mental health outcomes for U.S. parents and their children as a result of COVID's impact on schooling. This cross-sectional study examined U.S. parents perspectives on COVID-19 stress as a moderating influence on the relationship between perceptions of school racial climate (i.e., intergroup interactions and campus racial socialization) and parent and child mental health outcomes. Participants were recruited from Prolific's online survey platform and included a sample of 397 U.S. parents (52% female, average age 40, 74% White) with a child between the ages of 6 and 17, enrolled in a K-12 public school setting during the 2020-2021 academic year. The results revealed that COVID-19 stress moderated the relationship between parents' perceptions of campus racial socialization and parent mental well-being. Parents who reported either low, moderate, or high levels of COVID-19 stress had improved mental health when racial socialization in their child's school was high. This impact was greater for parents with high levels of COVID-19 stress than with low levels of COVID-19 stress. However, parents' perceptions of COVID-19 stress did not moderate the relationship between school racial climate factors and child behavioral and emotional problems. Findings have important implications which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Eugene
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Cristin Blalock
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Erica D Robinson
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jandel Crutchfield
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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Rosenblum HG, Segaloff HE, Cole D, Lee CC, Currie DW, Abedi GR, Remington PL, Kelly GP, Pitts C, Langolf K, Kahrs J, Leibold K, Westergaard RP, Hsu CH, Kirking HL, Tate JE. Behaviors and attitudes of college students during an academic semester at two Wisconsin universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35776927 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterize college student COVID-19 behaviors and attitudes during the early pandemic. Participants: Students on two university campuses in Wisconsin. METHODS Surveys administered in September and November 2020. RESULTS Few students (3-19%) participated in most in-person activities during the semester, with eating at restaurants as the exception (72-80%) and attending work (35%) and parties (33%) also reported more frequently. The majority wore masks in public (94-99%), but comparatively fewer (42%) did so at parties. Mask-wearing at parties decreased from September to November (p < 0.05). Students attending parties, or consuming more alcohol, were less concerned and more likely to take COVID-19-associated risks. CONCLUSIONS Students were motivated to adhere to COVID-19 prevention measures but gathered socially. Though there was frequent public masking, mask-wearing at parties declined in November and may represent pandemic fatigue. High-yield strategies for decreasing viral spread may include changing masking social norms and engaging with students about creative risk-reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Rosenblum
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hannah E Segaloff
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Devlin Cole
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christine C Lee
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dustin W Currie
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Glen R Abedi
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Patrick L Remington
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - G Patrick Kelly
- University Health Services, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Collin Pitts
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University Health Services, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Juliana Kahrs
- University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kurt Leibold
- University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan P Westergaard
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher H Hsu
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hannah L Kirking
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Tate
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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42
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Wilson SE, Feltus SR, Brenman AM, Carey KB, DiBello AM, Mastroleo NR. Comparing Alcohol Use of Pre-COVID-Era and COVID-Era Cohorts of Mandated College Student Drinkers. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:480-485. [PMID: 35838424 PMCID: PMC9318706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies report mixed findings on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on college student alcohol consumption. However, the impact of pandemic restrictions on students referred to an intervention following a campus alcohol violation has not yet been studied. The current study examined alcohol use behaviors and perceived drinking norms among mandated student cohorts enrolled in the pre-COVID-19 era (fall 2019) and COVID-19 era (fall 2020). METHOD Participants (N = 228) completed measures focused on alcohol use and associated behaviors. Analytic models controlled for participant age and entailed negative binomial regressions for count outcomes and analyses of covariance for normally distributed continuous outcomes. RESULTS COVID-era cohort students reported fewer drinks, pregaming occasions (i.e., drinking before a social occasion such as a sports event), and drinks while pregaming. Frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED) remained consistent between groups; however, the peak number of drinks during HED was significantly lower in the COVID-era group, as were Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores and alcohol-related consequences. Perceived peer norms for frequency and quantity were significantly higher in the COVID-era group. Regression confirmed a significant impact of norms on both frequency and quantity of alcohol use in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Mandated college students during the COVID-19 pandemic consumed less alcohol, engaged in less pregaming, consumed fewer drinks while pregaming, and reported fewer negative alcohol consequences than a cohort from the previous year. In this campus case study of residential students who violate campus alcohol policy, COVID restrictions were associated with reduced overall quantity and risky practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayre E. Wilson
- College of Community and Public Affairs, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
| | - Sage R. Feltus
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
| | - Alison M. Brenman
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
| | - Kate B. Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Angelo M. DiBello
- Center for Alcohol and Substance Use Studies & Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Nadine R. Mastroleo
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York,Correspondence may be sent to Nadine R. Mastroleo, at the Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, or via e-mail at:
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43
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Wilson SE, Feltus SR, Brenman AM, Carey KB, DiBello AM, Mastroleo NR. Comparing Alcohol Use of Pre-COVID-Era and COVID-Era Cohorts of Mandated College Student Drinkers. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:480-485. [PMID: 35838424 PMCID: PMC9318706 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2022.83.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies report mixed findings on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on college student alcohol consumption. However, the impact of pandemic restrictions on students referred to an intervention following a campus alcohol violation has not yet been studied. The current study examined alcohol use behaviors and perceived drinking norms among mandated student cohorts enrolled in the pre-COVID-19 era (fall 2019) and COVID-19 era (fall 2020). METHOD Participants (N = 228) completed measures focused on alcohol use and associated behaviors. Analytic models controlled for participant age and entailed negative binomial regressions for count outcomes and analyses of covariance for normally distributed continuous outcomes. RESULTS COVID-era cohort students reported fewer drinks, pregaming occasions (i.e., drinking before a social occasion such as a sports event), and drinks while pregaming. Frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED) remained consistent between groups; however, the peak number of drinks during HED was significantly lower in the COVID-era group, as were Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores and alcohol-related consequences. Perceived peer norms for frequency and quantity were significantly higher in the COVID-era group. Regression confirmed a significant impact of norms on both frequency and quantity of alcohol use in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Mandated college students during the COVID-19 pandemic consumed less alcohol, engaged in less pregaming, consumed fewer drinks while pregaming, and reported fewer negative alcohol consequences than a cohort from the previous year. In this campus case study of residential students who violate campus alcohol policy, COVID restrictions were associated with reduced overall quantity and risky practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayre E. Wilson
- College of Community and Public Affairs, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
| | - Sage R. Feltus
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
| | - Alison M. Brenman
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
| | - Kate B. Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Angelo M. DiBello
- Center for Alcohol and Substance Use Studies & Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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44
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Ross ML, Lawston AN, Lowsky LO, Hackman CL. What Factors Predict COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Intention in College Students? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2022.2071362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Grineski SE, Morales DX, Collins TW, Nadybal S, Trego S. A US National Study of Barriers to Science Training Experienced by Undergraduate Students during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116534. [PMID: 35682120 PMCID: PMC9180582 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Undergraduate research is a high-impact practice on college campuses. How the COVID-19 pandemic has affected undergraduate researchers' progress is poorly understood. We examine how demographics, academic characteristics, research disruptions and faculty mentorship are associated with four barriers to research progress. Data are drawn from a survey of over 1000 undergraduate student researchers across the US. We examine students who actively continued to conduct faculty-mentored research during mid-March/April 2020 (n = 485). Using generalized estimating equations that control clustering by institution, we found economic hardship, discomfort teleconferencing, lower quality mentors, sexual minority status and higher grade point averages were associated with motivation problems. Economic hardship, serious illness, Internet connection issues, a lack of face-to-face meetings and lower a frequency of mentor-mentee communication were associated with a time crunch with regard to conducting research. Discomfort teleconferencing, Internet connection issues, a lack of face-to-face meetings and decrease in research workload were associated with task uncertainty. Economic hardship, serious illness and being an engineering major were associated with lacking needed tools for the research. In sum, economic hardship was an important correlate of research barriers, as were communication challenges and sexual minority status. Results can inform practical actions by research program directors and faculty undergraduate research mentors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Grineski
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-801-581-6153
| | - Danielle X. Morales
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA;
| | - Timothy W. Collins
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (T.W.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Shawna Nadybal
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (T.W.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Shaylynn Trego
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (T.W.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.)
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46
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Bradaric BD, Tresselt DB. Factors influencing undergraduate education in an expanding virtual world during COVID-19. EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 27:11991-12002. [PMID: 35645596 PMCID: PMC9127283 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-022-11104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Moving to a virtual platform can introduce barriers beyond access and stability of technology, which may influence students' academic performance. The aim of this study was to identify factors, both personal and technology-related, that students and faculty perceived as contributors to academic performance. Enrolled students and teaching faculty in the Bachelor of Science programs at Rush University were surveyed. Analysis of survey results indicated that mental health and finances hindered students' performance, whereas faculty reported that technology accessibility and stability was the greatest contributor to students' performance. Both groups reported that at-home learning environment contributed to students' academic performance. These results provided insight into factors that impact student academic performance, allowing for appropriate changes to courses and overall curriculum to ensure undergraduates' learning and retention of course material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brinda Desai Bradaric
- Department of Undergraduate Studies, College of Health Sciences, Rush University, 600 South Paulina St., Suite 1001 AAC, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Dina Batlivala Tresselt
- Department of Undergraduate Studies, College of Health Sciences, Rush University, 600 South Paulina St., Suite 1001 AAC, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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47
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Ruff SC, Linville D, Kjellstrand J. Experiences during COVID-19: Needs of college students with a history of foster care. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2022; 136:106443. [PMID: 35233124 PMCID: PMC8875847 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been nothing short of profound, with disparate impact among historically marginalized and under-resourced populations. Eighty undergraduate college students, with a history of foster care placement, describe their experiences during Shelter in Place due to COVID-19. Former and current foster youth already experience challenges in accessing and completing higher education; these challenges were exacerbated by the measures taken to deal with risks associated with the pandemic. Study findings build upon previous studies that indicated that former and current foster youth have unique and significant pandemic related financial, physical and psychosocial concerns, by using conventional content analysis methods to describe what participants identified as needed resources. Findings have implications for future research and policy development, as well as resource provision during ongoing remote learning, and in preparation for the eventual transition back to in-person instruction.
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Soboti JM. Building Resilience: Helping Emerging Adults Cope During the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic. CLINICAL SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL 2022; 51:24-33. [PMID: 35463832 PMCID: PMC9017725 DOI: 10.1007/s10615-022-00845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of COVID-19 led to, among other things, confusion in news coverage and public health safety. In academe, university leaders were pressured to quickly construct new plans for holding university classes while integrating the safety protocols required by government officials. Though this sudden shift may have been necessary, it also disrupted the biopsychosocial needs, developmental norms, and milestones of emerging adults on college campuses. Current research on emerging adults' biopsychosocial needs during COVID-19 is scant, and research efforts may have been diverted due to the suddenness of campus shutdowns. Social work clinicians nonetheless need a theoretical framework that primarily focuses on emerging adults' needs during and post pandemic. Therapeutic settings create platforms for emerging adults to share their stories and for clinicians to understand their clients' lived experiences during a pandemic such as COVID-19. An awareness of how the experience of shared trauma can affect the therapeutic relationship is crucial to the wellbeing of both client and clinician. This composite case study illustrates a treatment intervention constructed from resilience theory that included narrating what unfolded, learning emotional regulation, building sources of support, and making meaning of the experience. The framework in this paper suggests that resilience theory can be an effective therapeutic approach for emerging adults during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and recommends further attention to the role of social workers in higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Soboti
- DSW Program, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 390 George Street, 08901 New Brunswick, NJ USA
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49
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Dotson MP, Castro EM, Magid NT, Hoyt LT, Suleiman AB, Cohen AK. "Emotional Distancing": Change and Strain in U.S. Young Adult College Students' Relationships During COVID-19. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:546-557. [PMID: 35382514 PMCID: PMC8919111 DOI: 10.1177/21676968211065531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed qualitative data from 707 USA college students aged 18-22 in late April 2020 regarding if and how their relationships had changed at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most (69%) participants experienced relationship changes, most of whom (77%) described negative changes: less overall contact, feeling disconnected, and increased tension, some of which was due to conflict over pandemic-related public health precautions. Physical distancing from social contacts also created emotional distancing: it was harder to maintain affective connections via online platforms and within the isolating context of shelter-in-place. Due to emerging adulthood being a sensitive window for social development, the COVID-19 pandemic-induced emotional distancing could have long-term ramifications for this cohort's relationships over the course of their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda P. Dotson
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Miranda P. Dotson, Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Elena Maker Castro
- Department of Human Development and Psychology, School of Education and Information Studies, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nina T. Magid
- Department of Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lindsay T. Hoyt
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alison K. Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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50
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Broner SE, Hareli M, Gonzales CH, Conley CS, Ruggieri AL. Finding Silver Linings: A Mixed Methods Analysis of COVID-19's Challenges and Opportunities for College Students' Functioning and Outlook. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:491-510. [PMID: 38603195 PMCID: PMC8795825 DOI: 10.1177/21676968211060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students' lives. A mixed methods approach, analyzing open- and closed-ended questions about challenges and opportunities, reveals numerous ways in which the pandemic has impacted students in general and differentially by gender, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and family income. Cisgender male and heterosexual students generally reported less of a mental health impact from the pandemic. Gender and sexual minorities, and low- to middle-income students, also noted some effects of the pandemic more often than their peers. Finally, thematic analysis revealed that where students found challenges, they also found opportunities within the broad categories of Lifestyle and Routines, Academic/Professional, Health, Interpersonal, and Societal impacts, evidencing heterogeneity and resilience in finding silver linings despite the challenging pandemic. This research has implications for equitably deploying and tailoring university and mental health resources both during and beyond the pandemic to improve student well-being and success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Broner
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maya Hareli
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carol H. Gonzales
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Colleen S. Conley
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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