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Diamanti A, Trovato CM, Gandullia P, Lezo A, Spagnuolo MI, Bolasco G, Capriati T, Lacitignola L, Norsa L, Francalanci P, Novelli A. Intractable diarrhea in infancy and molecular analysis: We are beyond the tip of the iceberg. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:607-612. [PMID: 38044226 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intractable diarrhea (ID) could be defined as a syndrome of severe chronic diarrhea associated with malnutrition not easily resolved by conventional management. AIMS To provide an overview on etiology and management of ID patients in Italy in the last 12 years. METHODS The members of Italian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) enrolled all ID patients seen between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2022. RESULTS 69 children were enrolled (49 M, 20 F; median age at ID onset 9.5 days) from 7 tertiary care pediatric centers. Overall 62 patients had genetic diseases; 3 had infantile Inflammatory Bowel Disease and 1 autoimmune enteropathy in absence of genetic mutations; 2 undefined ID. Defects of intestinal immune-related homeostasis caused ID in 29 patients (42 %). CONCLUSION ID is a rare but challenging problem, although the potential for diagnosis has improved over time. In particular, molecular analysis allowed to identity genetic defects in 90 % of patients and to detect new genetic mutations responsible for ID. Due to both the challenging diagnosis and the treatment for many of these diseases, the close relationship between immune system and digestive tract should require a close collaboration between pediatric immunologists and gastroenterologists, to optimize epidemiologic surveillance and management of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Diamanti
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - C M Trovato
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - P Gandullia
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS G. Gaslini Institute, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Lezo
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Children's Hospital Regina Margherita, Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - M I Spagnuolo
- Department of Translation Medical Science, Pediatric Section, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Bolasco
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - T Capriati
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - L Lacitignola
- Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence. Meyer Children's Hospital, viale Gaetano Pieraccini 24, Florence, Italy
| | - L Norsa
- Regional Health Care and Social Agency Papa Giovanni XXIII, The Netherlands
| | - P Francalanci
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Novelli
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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2
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Saldova R, Thomsson KA, Wilkinson H, Chatterjee M, Singh AK, Karlsson NG, Knaus UG. Characterization of intestinal O-glycome in reactive oxygen species deficiency. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297292. [PMID: 38483964 PMCID: PMC10939276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation resulting from an inappropriate inflammatory response to intestinal microbes in a genetically susceptible host. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidases (NOX) provide antimicrobial defense, redox signaling and gut barrier maintenance. NADPH oxidase mutations have been identified in IBD patients, and mucus layer disruption, a critical aspect in IBD pathogenesis, was connected to NOX inactivation. To gain insight into ROS-dependent modification of epithelial glycosylation the colonic and ileal mucin O-glycome of mice with genetic NOX inactivation (Cyba mutant) was analyzed. O-glycans were released from purified murine mucins and analyzed by hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography in combination with exoglycosidase digestion and mass spectrometry. We identified five novel glycans in ileum and found minor changes in O-glycans in the colon and ileum of Cyba mutant mice. Changes included an increase in glycans with terminal HexNAc and in core 2 glycans with Fuc-Gal- on C3 branch, and a decrease in core 3 glycans in the colon, while the ileum showed increased sialylation and a decrease in sulfated glycans. Our data suggest that NADPH oxidase activity alters the intestinal mucin O-glycans that may contribute to intestinal dysbiosis and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Saldova
- National Institute for Bioprocessing, NIBRT GlycoScience Group, Research and Training, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kristina A. Thomsson
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hayden Wilkinson
- National Institute for Bioprocessing, NIBRT GlycoScience Group, Research and Training, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ashish K. Singh
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niclas G. Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Life Science and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla G. Knaus
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Schwarz M, Gazdarica M, Froňková E, Svatoň M, Bronský J, Havlovicová M, Křepelová A, Macek M. Functional studies associate novel DUOX2 gene variants detected in heterozygosity to Crohn's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:399. [PMID: 38456993 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Crohn's disease is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease with possible extraintestinal symptoms. There are predisposing genetic factors and even monogenic variants of the disorder. One of the possible genetic factors are variants of the DUOX2 gene. The protein product of the DUOX2 gene is a dual oxidase enzyme producing H2O2 in the bowel. Reduced H2O2 levels impact mucosal homeostasis and contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus far, only 19 patients with IBD with the DUOX2 variants have been described. METHODS Here we present a case report of an adolescent female diagnosed at eleven years of age with IBD that was subsequently reclassified as Crohn's disease. She was treated with immunosuppressants and biological therapy but experienced additional complications. Her peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA was studied using massive parallel sequencing. Detected variants were functionally studied. RESULTS Whole exome sequencing found two novel DUOX2 gene variants: a de novo variant c.3646C>T; p.R1216W and a maternally inherited variant c.3391G>A; p.A1131T which were initially classified as variants of unknown significance. However, follow-up functional studies demonstrated that both DUOX2 variants led to impaired H2O2 generation, which led to their reclassification to the likely pathogenic class according to the ACMG.net. Therefore, we conclude that these variants are causative for the disease. CONCLUSIONS Identifying novel variants in patients with Crohn's disease and their families is important for precision medicine approaches and understanding of the pathogenesis of likely "monogenic" rare forms of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schwarz
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
- PRENET - Laboratoře Lékařské Genetiky s.r.o., Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Matej Gazdarica
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Froňková
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Svatoň
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bronský
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Havlovicová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Křepelová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Grüning NM, Ralser M. Monogenic Disorders of ROS Production and the Primary Anti-Oxidative Defense. Biomolecules 2024; 14:206. [PMID: 38397443 PMCID: PMC10887155 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular anti-oxidant defense mechanisms, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Redox metabolism, comprising a network of enzymes and genes, serves as a crucial regulator of ROS levels and maintains cellular homeostasis. This review provides an overview of the most important human genes encoding for proteins involved in ROS generation, ROS detoxification, and production of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and the genetic disorders that lead to dysregulation of these vital processes. Insights gained from studies on inherited monogenic metabolic diseases provide valuable basic understanding of redox metabolism and signaling, and they also help to unravel the underlying pathomechanisms that contribute to prevalent chronic disorders like cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana-Maria Grüning
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Shi Y, Luo S, Zhai J, Chen Y. A novel causative role of imbalanced kynurenine pathway in ulcerative colitis: Upregulation of KMO and KYNU promotes intestinal inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166929. [PMID: 37918679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the principal metabolic route for the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP). Recent advances have highlighted a pivotal role for several KP metabolites in inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the alterations of KP enzymes and their functional impact in UC remain poorly defined. Here, we focused on kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and kynureninase (KYNU), which serve as critical branching enzymes in the KP. We observed that dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice exhibited disturbed TRP metabolism along with KMO and KYNU upregulated. In patients with active UC, both the expression of KMO and KYNU were positively correlated with inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. Pharmacological blockade of KMO or genetic silencing of KYNU suppressed IL-1β-triggered proinflammatory cytokines expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, blockage of KMO by selective inhibitor Ro 61-8048 alleviated the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice, accompanied by an expanded NAD+ pool and redox balance restoration. The protective role of Ro 61-8048 may be partly due to its effect on KP regulation, particularly in enhancing kynurenic acid production. In summary, our study provides new evidence for the proinflammatory property of KMO and KYNU in intestinal inflammation, hinting at a promising therapeutic approach in UC through targeting these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangjian Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Zhai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Ward J, Zhang S, Sikora A, Michalski R, Yin Y, D'Alessio A, McLoughlin RM, Jaquet V, Fieschi F, Knaus UG. VEO-IBD NOX1 variant highlights a structural region essential for NOX/DUOX catalytic activity. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102905. [PMID: 37820403 PMCID: PMC10571032 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic intestinal disorders that result from an inappropriate inflammatory response to the microbiota in genetically susceptible individuals, often triggered by environmental stressors. Part of this response is the persistent inflammation and tissue injury associated with deficiency or excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The NADPH oxidase NOX1 is highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, and inactivating NOX1 missense mutations are considered a risk factor for developing very early onset IBD. Albeit NOX1 has been linked to wound healing and host defence, many questions remain about its role in intestinal homeostasis and acute inflammatory conditions. Here, we used in vivo imaging in combination with inhibitor studies and germ-free conditions to conclusively identify NOX1 as essential superoxide generator for microbiota-dependent peroxynitrite production in homeostasis and during early endotoxemia. NOX1 loss-of-function variants cannot support peroxynitrite production, suggesting that the gut barrier is persistently weakened in these patients. One of the loss-of-function NOX1 variants, NOX1 p. Asn122His, features replacement of an asparagine residue located in a highly conserved HxxxHxxN motif. Modelling the NOX1-p22phox complex revealed near the distal heme an internal pocket restricted by His119 and Asn122 that is part of the oxygen reduction site. Functional studies in several human NADPH oxidases show that substitution of asparagine with amino acids with larger side chains is not tolerated, while smaller side chains can support catalytic activity. Thus, we identified a previously unrecognized structural feature required for the electron transfer mechanism in human NADPH oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Ward
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suisheng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam Sikora
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Michalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Yuting Yin
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aurora D'Alessio
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, UMR5075, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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7
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a spectrum of disease, which is characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation. Monogenic mutations driving IBD pathogenesis are more highly represented in early-onset compared to adult-onset disease. The pathogenic genes which dysregulate host immune responses in monogenic IBD affect both the innate (ie, intestinal barrier, phagocytes) and adaptive immune systems (ie, T cells, B cells). Advanced genomic and targeted functional testing can improve clinical decision making and present increased opportunities for precision medicine approaches in this important patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiye Olcay Bilgic Dagci
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Michigan, C.S Mott Children's Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive Medical Professional Building Floor 2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5718, USA.
| | - Kelly Colleen Cushing
- Division of Gastroenterology, U-M Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, University of Michigan, 3912 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5362, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5362, USA
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8
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Castrillón-Betancur JC, López-Agudelo VA, Sommer N, Cleeves S, Bernardes JP, Weber-Stiehl S, Rosenstiel P, Sommer F. Epithelial Dual Oxidase 2 Shapes the Mucosal Microbiome and Contributes to Inflammatory Susceptibility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1889. [PMID: 37891968 PMCID: PMC10603924 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules formed from diatomic oxygen. They act as cellular signals, exert antibiotic activity towards invading microorganisms, but can also damage host cells. Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) is the main ROS-producing enzyme in the intestine, regulated by cues of the commensal microbiota and functions in pathogen defense. DUOX2 plays multiple roles in different organs and cell types, complicating the functional analysis using systemic deletion models. Here, we interrogate the precise role of epithelial DUOX2 for intestinal homeostasis and host-microbiome interactions. Conditional Duox2∆IEC mice lacking DUOX2, specifically in intestinal epithelial cells, were generated, and their intestinal mucosal immune phenotype and microbiome were analyzed. Inflammatory susceptibility was evaluated by challenging Duox2∆IEC mice in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. DUOX2-microbiome interactions in humans were investigated by paired analyses of mucosal DUOX2 expression and fecal microbiome data in patients with intestinal inflammation. Under unchallenged conditions, we did not observe any obvious phenotype of Duox2∆IEC mice, although intestinal epithelial ROS production was drastically decreased, and the mucosal microbiome composition was altered. When challenged with DSS, Duox2∆IEC mice were protected from colitis, possibly by inhibiting ROS-mediated damage and fostering epithelial regenerative responses. Finally, in patients with intestinal inflammation, DUOX2 expression was increased in inflamed tissue, and high DUOX2 levels were linked to a dysbiotic microbiome. Our findings demonstrate that bidirectional DUOX2-microbiome interactions contribute to mucosal homeostasis, and their dysregulation may drive disease development, thus highlighting this axis as a therapeutic target to treat intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Alonso López-Agudelo
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Cleeves
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Joana Pimenta Bernardes
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Saskia Weber-Stiehl
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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9
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Parlato M, Cerf-Bensussan N. Another Breach in the Wall: Impaired Epithelial DUOX2 Activity Fuels Metabolic Syndrome. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:648-649. [PMID: 37517801 PMCID: PMC10511920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Parlato
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
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10
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Chen C, Lan B, Xie G, Liu Z. Analysis and identification of ferroptosis-related genes in ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1422-1433. [PMID: 37530128 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2240927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that ferroptosis is associated with the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, this study aimed to identify key ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) associated with the diagnosis of UC. METHODS UC-related expression datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. First, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify UC-related genes (UCRGs). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and UC groups were screened in GSE87466, and DEGs were subjected to an intersection analysis with FRGs and UCRGs to obtain ferroptosis-related DEGs (FR DEGs). Then a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for FR DEGs. The hub genes were extracted based on the degree, Maximum Neighborhood Component (MNC), closeness, and Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC). Biomarkers with diagnostic values were screened by support vector machine (SVM) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithms. Next, the infiltration of immune cells was compared between UC and normal groups, and the correlation between different immune cells and diagnostic genes was analyzed. The biological functions, classical pathways, and intermolecular interaction networks of diagnostic genes were characterized utilizing ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Finally, a TF-mRNA network was constructed and potential small-molecule compounds were screened. RESULTS Thirty-six FR DEGs were obtained, and these were enriched in biological processes such as positive regulation of cytokine production, cytokine-mediated signalling pathway, long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity, etc. Among 18 hub genes, five genes (ALOX5, TIMP1, TNFAIP3, SOCS1, DUOX2) were captured with diagnostic values for UC, and they displayed significant differences between UC and normal groups. Sixteen immune cell infiltrates were significantly different between UC and normal groups, such as activated dendritic cells and resting dendritic cells. TNFAIP3 and ALOX5 were positively correlated with neutrophils, and TIMP1, SOCS1, ALOX5, and DUOX2 were negatively correlated with M2 macrophages. IPA showed that diagnostic genes were related to 43 function modules and activated 17 pathways. The constructed TF-mRNA regulatory network comprised three diagnostic genes and 17 differentially expressed TFs. Potential small-molecule compounds including helveticoside and cymarin were identified. CONCLUSION Our findings yielded several promising FRGs for UC, providing a scientific reference for further studies on the pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Guanghong Xie
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
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11
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Hazime H, Ducasa GM, Santander AM, Brito N, González EE, Ban Y, Kaunitz J, Akiba Y, Fernández I, Burgueño JF, Abreu MT. Intestinal Epithelial Inactivity of Dual Oxidase 2 Results in Microbiome-Mediated Metabolic Syndrome. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:557-572. [PMID: 37369278 PMCID: PMC10468370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. Alterations in the gut microbiome play important roles in the development of MetS. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) is an antimicrobial reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase expressed in the gut epithelium. Here, we posit that epithelial DUOX2 activity provides a mechanistic link between the gut microbiome and the development of MetS. METHODS Mice carrying an intestinal epithelial-specific deletion of dual oxidase maturation factor 1/2 (DA IEC-KO), and wild-type littermates were fed a standard diet and killed at 24 weeks. Metabolic alterations were determined by glucose tolerance, lipid tests, and body and organ weight measurements. DUOX2 activity was determined by Amplex Red. Intestinal permeability was determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, microbial translocation assessments, and portal vein lipopolysaccharide measurements. Metagenomic analysis of the stool microbiome was performed. The role of the microbiome was assessed in antibiotic-treated mice. RESULTS DA IEC-KO males showed increased body and organ weights accompanied by glucose intolerance and increased plasma lipid and liver enzyme levels, and increased adiposity in the liver and adipose tissue. Expression of F4/80, CD68, uncoupling protein 1, carbohydrate response element binding protein, leptin, and adiponectin was altered in the liver and adipose tissue of DA IEC-KO males. DA IEC-KO males produced less epithelial H2O2, had altered relative abundance of Akkermansiaceae and Lachnospiraceae in stool, and showed increased portal vein lipopolysaccharides and intestinal permeability. Females were protected from barrier defects and MetS, despite producing less H2O2. Antibiotic depletion abrogated all MetS phenotypes observed. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal epithelial inactivity of DUOX2 promotes MetS in a microbiome-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Hazime
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - G Michelle Ducasa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ana M Santander
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nivis Brito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eddy E González
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Yuguang Ban
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jonathan Kaunitz
- Medical Service and Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Medical Service, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yasutada Akiba
- Medical Service and Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Medical Service, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Irina Fernández
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan F Burgueño
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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12
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Overcast GR, Meibers HE, Eshleman EM, Saha I, Waggoner L, Patel KN, Jain VG, Haslam DB, Alenghat T, VanDussen KL, Pasare C. IEC-intrinsic IL-1R signaling holds dual roles in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20212523. [PMID: 36976181 PMCID: PMC10067527 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) constitute a critical first line of defense against microbes. While IECs are known to respond to various microbial signals, the precise upstream cues regulating diverse IEC responses are not clear. Here, we discover a dual role for IEC-intrinsic interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Absence of IL-1R in epithelial cells abrogates a homeostatic antimicrobial program including production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Mice deficient for IEC-intrinsic IL-1R are unable to clear Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) but are protected from DSS-induced colitis. Mechanistically, IL-1R signaling enhances IL-22R-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in IECs leading to elevated production of AMPs. IL-1R signaling in IECs also directly induces expression of chemokines as well as genes involved in the production of reactive oxygen species. Our findings establish a protective role for IEC-intrinsic IL-1R signaling in combating infections but a detrimental role during colitis induced by epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett R. Overcast
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hannah E. Meibers
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emily M. Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Irene Saha
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lisa Waggoner
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Krupaben N. Patel
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Viral G. Jain
- Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David B. Haslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelli L. VanDussen
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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13
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Hsu NY, Nayar S, Gettler K, Talware S, Giri M, Alter I, Argmann C, Sabic K, Thin TH, Ko HBM, Werner R, Tastad C, Stappenbeck T, Azabdaftari A, Uhlig HH, Chuang LS, Cho JH. NOX1 is essential for TNFα-induced intestinal epithelial ROS secretion and inhibits M cell signatures. Gut 2023; 72:654-662. [PMID: 36191961 PMCID: PMC9998338 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss-of-function mutations in genes generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as NOX1, are associated with IBD. Mechanisms whereby loss of ROS drive IBD are incompletely defined. DESIGN ROS measurements and single-cell transcriptomics were performed on colonoids stratified by NOX1 genotype and TNFα stimulation. Clustering of epithelial cells from human UC (inflamed and uninflamed) scRNASeq was performed. Validation of M cell induction was performed by immunohistochemistry using UEA1 (ulex europaeus agglutin-1 lectin) and in vivo with DSS injury. RESULTS TNFα induces ROS production more in NOX1-WT versus NOX1-deficient murine colonoids under a range of Wnt-mediated and Notch-mediated conditions. scRNASeq from inflamed and uninflamed human colitis versus TNFα stimulated, in vitro colonoids defines substantially shared, induced transcription factors; NOX1-deficient colonoids express substantially lower levels of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), CEBPD (CCAAT enhancer-binding protein delta), DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase) and HIF1A (hypoxia-inducible factor) baseline. Subclustering unexpectedly showed marked TNFα-mediated induction of M cells (sentinel cells overlying lymphoid aggregates) in NOX1-deficient colonoids. M cell induction by UEA1 staining is rescued with H2O2 and paraquat, defining extra- and intracellular ROS roles in maintenance of LGR5+ stem cells. DSS injury demonstrated GP2 (glycoprotein-2), basal lymphoplasmacytosis and UEA1 induction in NOX1-deficiency. Principal components analyses of M cell genes and decreased DNMT1 RNA velocity correlate with UC inflammation. CONCLUSIONS NOX1 deficiency plus TNFα stimulation contribute to colitis through dysregulation of the stem cell niche and altered cell differentiation, enhancing basal lymphoplasmacytosis. Our findings prioritise ROS modulation for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Yun Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shikha Nayar
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyle Gettler
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sayali Talware
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- The Icahn Genomic Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mamta Giri
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isaac Alter
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ksenija Sabic
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tin Htwe Thin
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Huai-Bin Mabel Ko
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Werner
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Tastad
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thaddeus Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aline Azabdaftari
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling-Shiang Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judy H Cho
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Yang WH, Chen PH, Chang HH, Kwok HL, Stern A, Soo PC, Chen JH, Yang HC. Impaired immune response and barrier function in GSPD-1-deficient C. elegans infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 4:100181. [PMID: 36798906 PMCID: PMC9926097 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
gspd-1-RNAi knockdown Caenorhabditis elegans was used as an immune-compromised model to investigate the role of G6PD in host-pathogen interactions. A shorted lifespan, increased bacterial burden and bacterial translocation were observed in gspd-1-knockdown C. elegans infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP). RNAseq revealed that the innate immune pathway, including clc-1 and tsp-1, was affected by gspd-1 knockdown. qPCR confirmed that tight junction (zoo-1, clc-1) and immune-associated genes (tsp-1) were down-regulated in gspd-1-knockdown C. elegans and following infection with KP. The down-regulation of antimicrobial effector lysozymes, including lys-1, lys-2, lys-7, lys-8, ilys-2 and ilys-3, was found in gspd-1-knockdown C. elegans infected with KP. Deletion of clc-1, tsp-1, lys-7, and daf-2 in gspd-1-knockdown C. elegans infected with KP abolished the shorten lifespan seen in the Mock control. GSPD-1 deficiency in C. elegans resulted in bacterial accumulation and lethality, possibly due to a defective immune response. These findings indicate that GSPD-1 has a protective role in microbial defense in C. elegans by preventing bacterial colonization through bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hua Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiang Chen
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsin Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30041, Taiwan
| | - Hong Luen Kwok
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30041, Taiwan
| | - Arnold Stern
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Po-Chi Soo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Han Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30041, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30041, Taiwan,Corresponding author.
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15
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Liu Y, Liang S, Shi D, Zhang Y, Bai C, Ye RD. A predicted structure of NADPH Oxidase 1 identifies key components of ROS generation and strategies for inhibition. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285206. [PMID: 37134122 PMCID: PMC10155968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) is primarily expressed in epithelial cells and responsible for local generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By specifically manipulating the local redox microenvironment, NOX1 actively engages in epithelial immunity, especially in colorectal and pulmonary epithelia. To unravel the structural basis of NOX1 engaged epithelial immune processes, a predicted structure model was established using RaptorX deep learning models. The predicted structure model illustrates a 6-transmembrane domain structure, a FAD binding domain, and an NADPH binding/NOXO1 interacting region. The substrate/cofactor binding scheme with respect to this proposed model highly correlates with published reports and is verified in our site-directed mutagenesis assays. An electron transport chain, from NADPH to FAD and the two heme groups, was well supported by the predicted model. Through molecular docking analysis of various small molecule NOX1 inhibitors and subsequent experimental validation, we identified pronounced active sites for potent NOX1 inhibition. Specifically, LEU60, VAL71, MET181, LEU185, HIS208, PHE211, TYR214, and TYR280 in the transmembrane domain form an active pocket for insertion of the small molecule inhibitors to inhibit electron transfer between the heme groups, thus affecting extracellular ROS generation. Altogether, our study provides structural information to help elucidate the role of NOX1 in epithelial generation of ROS and sheds light on the development of therapeutics for NOX1 related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezhou Liu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyu Liang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Danfeng Shi
- Warshel Institute of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Warshel Institute of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Bai
- Warshel Institute of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Futian Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Windfelder AG, Müller FHH, Mc Larney B, Hentschel M, Böhringer AC, von Bredow CR, Leinberger FH, Kampschulte M, Maier L, von Bredow YM, Flocke V, Merzendorfer H, Krombach GA, Vilcinskas A, Grimm J, Trenczek TE, Flögel U. High-throughput screening of caterpillars as a platform to study host-microbe interactions and enteric immunity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7216. [PMID: 36433960 PMCID: PMC9700799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian models of human disease are expensive and subject to ethical restrictions. Here, we present an independent platform for high-throughput screening, using larvae of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, combining diagnostic imaging modalities for a comprehensive characterization of aberrant phenotypes. For validation, we use bacterial/chemical-induced gut inflammation to generate a colitis-like phenotype and identify significant alterations in morphology, tissue properties, and intermediary metabolism, which aggravate with disease progression and can be rescued by antimicrobial treatment. In independent experiments, activation of the highly conserved NADPH oxidase DUOX, a key mediator of gut inflammation, leads to similar, dose-dependent alterations, which can be attenuated by pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, the developed platform could differentiate pathogens from mutualistic gastrointestinal bacteria broadening the scope of applications also to microbiomics and host-pathogen interactions. Overall, larvae-based screening can complement mammals in preclinical studies to explore innate immunity and host-pathogen interactions, thus representing a substantial contribution to improve mammalian welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G. Windfelder
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Zoology and Developmental Biology; Cellular Recognition and Defense Processes, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany ,grid.418010.c0000 0004 0573 9904Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany ,grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Laboratory of Experimental Radiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Benedict Mc Larney
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Michael Hentschel
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Christina Böhringer
- grid.5836.80000 0001 2242 8751Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Christoph-Rüdiger von Bredow
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Applied Zoology, Department of Biology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian H. Leinberger
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Zoology and Developmental Biology; Cellular Recognition and Defense Processes, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Laboratory of Experimental Radiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lorenz Maier
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvette M. von Bredow
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Zoology and Developmental Biology; Cellular Recognition and Defense Processes, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vera Flocke
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Merzendorfer
- grid.5836.80000 0001 2242 8751Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Gabriele A. Krombach
- grid.411067.50000 0000 8584 9230Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University-Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- grid.418010.c0000 0004 0573 9904Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany ,grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Department of Applied Entomology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan Grimm
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XPharmacology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Tina E. Trenczek
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Zoology and Developmental Biology; Cellular Recognition and Defense Processes, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Redox and Metabolic Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function and Associated Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214463. [PMID: 36430939 PMCID: PMC9699094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium forms a physical barrier assembled by intercellular junctions, preventing luminal pathogens and toxins from crossing it. The integrity of tight junctions is critical for maintaining intestinal health as the breakdown of tight junction proteins leads to various disorders. Redox reactions are closely associated with energy metabolism. Understanding the regulation of tight junctions by cellular metabolism and redox status in cells may lead to the identification of potential targets for therapeutic interventions. In vitro and in vivo models have been utilized in investigating intestinal barrier dysfunction and in particular the free-living soil nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, may be an important alternative to mammalian models because of its convenience of culture, transparent body for microscopy, short generation time, invariant cell lineage and tractable genetics.
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18
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Jelinsky SA, Derksen M, Bauman E, Verissimo CS, van Dooremalen WTM, Roos JL, Higuera Barón C, Caballero-Franco C, Johnson BG, Rooks MG, Pott J, Oldenburg B, Vries RGJ, Boj SF, Kasaian MT, Pourfarzad F, Rosadini CV. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Human Intestinal Organoids and Monolayers for Modeling Epithelial Barrier. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 29:195-206. [PMID: 36356046 PMCID: PMC9890212 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived organoid (PDO) models offer potential to transform drug discovery for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but are limited by inconsistencies with differentiation and functional characterization. We profiled molecular and cellular features across a range of intestinal organoid models and examined differentiation and establishment of a functional epithelial barrier. METHODS Patient-derived organoids or monolayers were generated from control or IBD patient-derived colon or ileum and were molecularly or functionally profiled. Biological or technical replicates were examined for transcriptional responses under conditions of expansion or differentiation. Cell-type composition was determined by deconvolution of cell-associated gene signatures and histological features. Differentiated control or IBD-derived monolayers were examined for establishment of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), loss of barrier integrity in response to a cocktail of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and prevention of cytokine-induced barrier disruption by the JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib. RESULTS In response to differentiation media, intestinal organoids and monolayers displayed gene expression patterns consistent with maturation of epithelial cell types found in the human gut. Upon differentiation, both colon- and ileum-derived monolayers formed functional barriers, with sustained TEER. Barrier integrity was compromised by inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α, and damage was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by tofacitinib. CONCLUSIONS We describe the generation and characterization of human colonic or ileal organoid models capable of functional differentiation to mature epithelial cell types. In monolayer culture, these cells formed a robust epithelial barrier with sustained TEER and responses to pharmacological modulation. Our findings demonstrate that control and IBD patient-derived organoids possess consistent transcriptional and functional profiles that can enable development of epithelial-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Bauman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryce G Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle G Rooks
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Bas Oldenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marion T Kasaian
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Charles V Rosadini
- Address correspondence to: Charles V. Rosadini, PhD, Inflammation and Immunology, Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA ()
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19
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Gerdin L, González‐Castro AM, Ericson A, Persborn M, Santos J, Walter SA, Keita ÅV, Vicario M, Söderholm JD. Acute psychological stress increases paracellular permeability and modulates immune activity in rectal mucosa of healthy volunteers. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 11:31-41. [PMID: 36314901 PMCID: PMC9892435 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress and increased permeability are implicated as contributing factors in the initiation and worsening of gastrointestinal diseases. A link between stress and intestinal permeability has been shown in animal models as well as in human small intestine, but stress effects on the human colorectal mucosal barrier has not been reported. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential effects of acute psychological stress on colorectal mucosal barrier function and to explore stress-induced molecular events in the rectal mucosa under healthy conditions. METHODS Endoscopic biopsies were taken from the rectosigmoid region of healthy volunteers, who had been subjected to dichotomous listening stress and after a control session, respectively. Paracellular and transcellular permeability were assessed in modified Ussing chambers. RNA expression (microarray technology confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and biological pathway analysis were used to investigate the local mucosal response to acute stress. RESULTS Dichotomous listening stress induced a subjective and objective stress response, and significantly increased paracellular but not transcellular permeability. We also identified a stress-induced reduction in RNA expression of genes related to immune cell activation and maturation (CR2, CD20, TCLA1, BANK1, CD22, FDCSP), signaling molecules of homing of immune cells to the gut (chemokines: CCL21, CXCL13, and CCL19, and receptors: CCR7, CXCR5), and innate immunity (DUOX2). Eight of the 10 top down-regulated genes are directly involved in B cell activation, signaling and migration. The systemic stress response correlated positively with paracellular permeability and negatively with DUOX2 expression. CONCLUSION Dichotomous listening stress increases paracellular permeability and modulates immune cell activity in the rectal mucosa. Further studies are warranted to identify the primary mechanisms of stress-mediated reduction of mucosal defensive activity and barrier dysfunction, and their potential implications for gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Gerdin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of SurgeryLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Surgical Clinic of Jönköping CountyJönköpingSweden
| | - Ana M. González‐Castro
- Laboratory of Translational Mucosal ImmunologyDigestive Diseases Research UnitVall d'Hebron Institut de RecercaHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ann‐Charlott Ericson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of SurgeryLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | | | - Javier Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro‐immuno‐gastroenterologyDigestive Diseases Research UnitVall d'Hebron Institut de RecercaHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Susanna A. Walter
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of SurgeryLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of GastroenterologyLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Åsa V. Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of SurgeryLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Maria Vicario
- Laboratory of Translational Mucosal ImmunologyDigestive Diseases Research UnitVall d'Hebron Institut de RecercaHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)BarcelonaSpain,Department of Gastrointestinal HealthNestlé Institute of Health SciencesNestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A.LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Johan D. Söderholm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of SurgeryLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
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20
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Progression to Anti-TNF Treatment in Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 75:473-479. [PMID: 35815885 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited data are currently available regarding anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) use and outcomes in very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD) patients. We aimed to assess the long-term outcomes and time to progression to anti-TNF treatment in VEOIBD patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed IBD patients diagnosed under 6 years of age, between January 2005 and December 2019, from the British-Columbia (BC) Pediatric IBD database. Demographic data, disease characteristics, disease location and severity were documented. Data on anti-TNF treatment at initiation and during follow up including type of biologic, dosing, and response were collected. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess the number of years to progression to anti-TNF treatment and the parameters influencing commencement. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients with VEOIBD were diagnosed during the study period. Median age at diagnosis was 3.8 years [interquartile range (IQR) 2.6-5.1], 45.3% had Crohn disease (CD) and 62.8% were males. Median duration of follow up was 6.39 years (IQR 3.71-10.55). Anti-TNF treatment was started on 39.5% of patients and 7.0% underwent surgery. Rapid progression to biologic treatment was associated with Perianal fistulizing disease or stricturing disease in CD patients ( P = 0.026, P = 0.033, respectively), and disease severity ( P = 0.017) in ulcerative colitis(UC) patients. The median dose of infliximab at 1 year was 10 mg/kg (IQR 7.5-11) and a median dose interval of 4.5 weeks (IQR 4-6). Clinical remission was reported in 61.8% of patients on their first biologic agent. CONCLUSIONS The response rate was higher than previously reported and might be due to higher infliximab dosing with shorter infusion intervals than standard dosing.
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21
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Esworthy RS, Doroshow JH, Chu FF. The beginning of GPX2 and 30 years later. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:419-433. [PMID: 35803440 PMCID: PMC9341242 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We published the first paper to characterize GPX2 (aka GSHPx-GI) as a selenoenzyme with glutathione peroxidase activity in 1993. Among the four Se-GPX isozymes, GPX1-4, GPX1 and GPX2 are closely related in terms of structure, substrate specificities, and subcellular localization. What sets them apart are distinct patterns of gene regulation, tissue distribution and response to selenium. While we identified the digestive tract epithelium as the main site of GPX2 expression, later work has shown GPX2 is found more widely in epithelial tissues with concentration of expression in stem cell and proliferative compartments. GPX2 expression is regulated over a wide range of levels by many pathways, including NRF2, WNT, p53, RARE and this often results in attaching undue significance to GPX2 as GPX2 is only a part of a system of hydroperoxidase activities, including GPX1, peroxiredoxins and catalase. These other activities may play equal or greater roles, particularly in cell lines cultured without selenium supplementation and often with very low GPX2 levels. This could be assessed by examining levels of mRNA and protein among these various peroxidases at the outset of studies. As an example, it was found that GPX1 responds to the absence of GPX2 in mouse ileum and colon epithelium with higher expression. As such, both Gpx1 and Gpx2 had to be knocked out in mice to produce ileocolitis. However, we note that the actual role of GPX1 and GPX2 in relation to peroxiredoxin function is unclear. There may be an interdependence that requires only low amounts of GPX1 and/or GPX2 in a supporting role to maintain proper peroxiredoxin function. GPX2 levels may be prognostic for cancer progression in colon, breast, prostate and liver, however, there is no consistent trend for higher or lower levels to be favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Steven Esworthy
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope. Duarte, California, USA, 91010.
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Fong-Fong Chu
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope. Duarte, California, USA, 91010.
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22
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Allen JM, Mackos AR, Jaggers RM, Brewster PC, Webb M, Lin CH, Ladaika C, Davies R, White P, Loman BR, Bailey MT. Psychological stress disrupts intestinal epithelial cell function and mucosal integrity through microbe and host-directed processes. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2035661. [PMID: 35184677 PMCID: PMC8865257 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2035661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress alters the gut microbiota and predisposes individuals to increased risk for enteric infections and chronic bowel conditions. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are responsible for maintaining homeostatic interactions between the gut microbiota and its host. In this study, we hypothesized that disruption to colonic IECs is a key factor underlying stress-induced disturbances to intestinal homeostasis. Conventionally raised (CONV-R) and germ-free (GF) mice were exposed to a social disruption stressor (Str) to ascertain how stress modifies colonic IECs, the mucosal layer, and the gut microbiota. RNA sequencing of IECs isolated from CONV-R mice revealed a robust pro-inflammatory (Saa1, Il18), pro-oxidative (Duox2, Nos2), and antimicrobial (Reg3b/g) transcriptional profile as a result of Str. This response occurred concomitant to mucus layer thinning and signs of microbial translocation. In contrast to their CONV-R counterparts, IECs from GF mice or mice treated with broad spectrum antibiotics exhibited no detectable transcriptional changes in response to Str. Nevertheless, IECs from Str-exposed GF mice exhibited an altered response to ex vivo bacterial challenge (increased dual Oxidase-2 [Duox2] and nitric oxide synthase-2 (Nos2)), indicating that STR primes host IEC pro-oxidative responses. In CONV-R mice stress-induced increases in colonic Duox2 and Nos2 (ROS generating enzymes) strongly paralleled changes to microbiome composition and function, evidencing Str-mediated ROS production as a primary factor mediating gut-microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, a mouse model of social stress disrupts colonic epithelial and mucosal integrity, a response dependent on an intact microbiota and host stress signals. Together these preclinical findings may provide new insight into mechanisms of stress-associated bowel pathologies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,CONTACT Jacob M. Allen Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana61820, Illinois
| | - Amy R. Mackos
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert M. Jaggers
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Patricia C. Brewster
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Mikaela Webb
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Chris Ladaika
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ronald Davies
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Peter White
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brett R. Loman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael T. Bailey
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio,Oral and Gi Microbiology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,Michael T. Bailey Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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23
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A potent HNF4α agonist reveals that HNF4α controls genes important in inflammatory bowel disease and Paneth cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266066. [PMID: 35385524 PMCID: PMC8985954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HNF4α has been implicated in IBD through a number of genome-wide association studies. Recently, we developed potent HNF4α agonists, including N-trans caffeoyltyramine (NCT). NCT was identified by structural similarity to previously the previously identified but weak HNF4α agonists alverine and benfluorex. Here, we administered NCT to mice fed a high fat diet, with the goal of studying the role of HNF4α in obesity-related diseases. Intestines from NCT-treated mice were examined by RNA-seq to determine the role of HNF4α in that organ. Surprisingly, the major classes of genes altered by HNF4α were involved in IBD and Paneth cell biology. Multiple genes downregulated in IBD were induced by NCT. Paneth cells identified by lysozyme expression were reduced in high fat fed mice. NCT reversed the effect of high fat diet on Paneth cells, with multiple markers being induced, including a number of defensins, which are critical for Paneth cell function and intestinal barrier integrity. NCT upregulated genes that play important role in IBD and that are downregulated in that disease. It reversed the loss of Paneth cell markers that occurred in high fat diet fed mice. These data suggest that HNF4α could be a therapeutic target for IBD and that the agonists that we have identified could be candidate therapeutics.
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24
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Novel biallelic mutations in the DUOX2 gene underlying very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease: A case report. Clin Immunol 2022; 238:109015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Implication of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Gut Dysbiosis and Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020289. [PMID: 35203499 PMCID: PMC8869546 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier, also referred to as intestinal barrier, is widely recognized as a critical player in gut homeostasis maintenance as it ensures the complex crosstalk between gut microbes (both commensals and pathogens) and the host immune system. Highly specialized epithelial cells constantly cope with several protective and harmful agents to maintain the multiple physiological functions of the barrier as well as its integrity. However, both genetic defects and environmental factors can break such equilibrium, thus promoting gut dysbiosis, dysregulated immune-inflammatory responses, and even the development of chronic pathological conditions. Here, we review and discuss the molecular and cellular pathways underlying intestinal barrier structural and functional homeostasis, focusing on potential alterations that may undermine this fine balance.
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26
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Meta-analysis of gene expression disease signatures in colonic biopsy tissue from patients with ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18243. [PMID: 34521888 PMCID: PMC8440637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Publicly available ulcerative colitis (UC) gene expression datasets from observational studies and clinical trials include inherently heterogeneous disease characteristics and methodology. We used meta-analysis to identify a robust UC gene signature from inflamed biopsies. Eight gene expression datasets derived from biopsy tissue samples from noninflammatory bowel disease (IBD) controls and areas of active inflammation from patients with UC were publicly available. Expression- and meta-data were downloaded with GEOquery. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) in individual datasets were defined as those with fold change > 1.5 and a Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted P value < .05. Meta-analysis of all DEG used a random effects model. Reactome pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Meta-analysis identified 946 up- and 543 down-regulated genes in patients with UC compared to non-IBD controls (1.2 and 1.7 times fewer up- and down-regulated genes than the median of the individual datasets). Top-ranked up- and down-regulated DEG were LCN2 and AQP8. Multiple immune-related pathways (e.g., ‘Chemokine receptors bind chemokine’ and ‘Interleukin-10 signaling’) were significantly up-regulated in UC, while ‘Biological oxidations’ and ‘Fatty acid metabolism’ were downregulated. A web-based data-mining tool with the meta-analysis results was made available (https://premedibd.com/genes.html). A UC inflamed biopsy disease gene signature was derived. This signature may be an unbiased reference for comparison and improve the efficiency of UC biomarker studies by increasing confidence for identification of disease-related genes and pathways.
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27
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Intestinal immunoregulation: lessons from human mendelian diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1017-1037. [PMID: 33859369 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that maintain intestinal homeostasis despite constant exposure of the gut surface to multiple environmental antigens and to billions of microbes have been scrutinized over the past 20 years with the goals to gain basic knowledge, but also to elucidate the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and to identify therapeutic targets for these severe diseases. Considerable insight has been obtained from studies based on gene inactivation in mice as well as from genome wide screens for genetic variants predisposing to human IBD. These studies are, however, not sufficient to delineate which pathways play key nonredundant role in the human intestinal barrier and to hierarchize their respective contribution. Here, we intend to illustrate how such insight can be derived from the study of human Mendelian diseases, in which severe intestinal pathology results from single gene defects that impair epithelial and or hematopoietic immune cell functions. We suggest that these diseases offer the unique opportunity to study in depth the pathogenic mechanisms leading to perturbation of intestinal homeostasis in humans. Furthermore, molecular dissection of monogenic intestinal diseases highlights key pathways that might be druggable and therapeutically targeted in common forms of IBD.
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28
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Dumas A, Knaus UG. Raising the 'Good' Oxidants for Immune Protection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698042. [PMID: 34149739 PMCID: PMC8213335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox medicine is a new therapeutic concept targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secondary reaction products for health benefit. The concomitant function of ROS as intracellular second messengers and extracellular mediators governing physiological redox signaling, and as damaging radicals instigating or perpetuating various pathophysiological conditions will require selective strategies for therapeutic intervention. In addition, the reactivity and quantity of the oxidant species generated, its source and cellular location in a defined disease context need to be considered to achieve the desired outcome. In inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative damage and tissue injury, ROS source specific inhibitors may provide more benefit than generalized removal of ROS. Contemporary approaches in immunity will also include the preservation or even elevation of certain oxygen metabolites to restore or improve ROS driven physiological functions including more effective redox signaling and cell-microenvironment communication, and to induce mucosal barrier integrity, eubiosis and repair processes. Increasing oxidants by host-directed immunomodulation or by exogenous supplementation seems especially promising for improving host defense. Here, we summarize examples of beneficial ROS in immune homeostasis, infection, and acute inflammatory disease, and address emerging therapeutic strategies for ROS augmentation to induce and strengthen protective host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Dumas
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Grasberger H, Magis AT, Sheng E, Conomos MP, Zhang M, Garzotto LS, Hou G, Bishu S, Nagao-Kitamoto H, El-Zaatari M, Kitamoto S, Kamada N, Stidham RW, Akiba Y, Kaunitz J, Haberman Y, Kugathasan S, Denson LA, Omenn GS, Kao JY. DUOX2 variants associate with preclinical disturbances in microbiota-immune homeostasis and increased inflammatory bowel disease risk. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141676. [PMID: 33651715 DOI: 10.1172/jci141676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A primordial gut-epithelial innate defense response is the release of hydrogen peroxide by dual NADPH oxidase (DUOX). In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition characterized by an imbalanced gut microbiota-immune homeostasis, DUOX2 isoenzyme is the highest induced gene. Performing multiomic analyses using 2872 human participants of a wellness program, we detected a substantial burden of rare protein-altering DUOX2 gene variants of unknown physiologic significance. We identified a significant association between these rare loss-of-function variants and increased plasma levels of interleukin-17C, which is induced also in mucosal biopsies of patients with IBD. DUOX2-deficient mice replicated increased IL-17C induction in the intestine, with outlier high Il17c expression linked to the mucosal expansion of specific Proteobacteria pathobionts. Integrated microbiota/host gene expression analyses in patients with IBD corroborated IL-17C as a marker for epithelial activation by gram-negative bacteria. Finally, the impact of DUOX2 variants on IL-17C induction provided a rationale for variant stratification in case control studies that substantiated DUOX2 as an IBD risk gene. Thus, our study identifies an association of deleterious DUOX2 variants with a preclinical hallmark of disturbed microbiota-immune homeostasis that appears to precede the manifestation of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Grasberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew T Magis
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Arivale Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Matthew P Conomos
- Arivale Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lea S Garzotto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guoqing Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mohamad El-Zaatari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ryan W Stidham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yasutada Akiba
- West Los Angeles VA Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Kaunitz
- West Los Angeles VA Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yael Haberman
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John Y Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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30
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van der Post S, Birchenough GMH, Held JM. NOX1-dependent redox signaling potentiates colonic stem cell proliferation to adapt to the intestinal microbiota by linking EGFR and TLR activation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108949. [PMID: 33826887 PMCID: PMC10327654 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The colon epithelium is a primary point of interaction with the microbiome and is regenerated by a few rapidly cycling colonic stem cells (CSCs). CSC self-renewal and proliferation are regulated by growth factors and the presence of bacteria. However, the molecular link connecting the diverse inputs that maintain CSC homeostasis remains largely unknown. We report that CSC proliferation is mediated by redox-dependent activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling via NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1). NOX1 expression is CSC specific and is restricted to proliferative CSCs. In the absence of NOX1, CSCs fail to generate ROS and have a reduced proliferation rate. NOX1 expression is regulated by Toll-like receptor activation in response to the microbiota and serves to link CSC proliferation with the presence of bacterial components in the crypt. The TLR-NOX1-EGFR axis is therefore a critical redox signaling node in CSCs facilitating the quiescent-proliferation transition and responds to the microbiome to maintain colon homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd van der Post
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - George M H Birchenough
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jason M Held
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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31
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Chen E, Chuang LS, Giri M, Villaverde N, Hsu NY, Sabic K, Joshowitz S, Gettler K, Nayar S, Chai Z, Alter IL, Chasteau CC, Korie UM, Dzedzik S, Thin TH, Jain A, Moscati A, Bongers G, Duerr RH, Silverberg MS, Brant SR, Rioux JD, Peter I, Schumm LP, Haritunians T, McGovern DP, Itan Y, Cho JH. Inflamed Ulcerative Colitis Regions Associated With MRGPRX2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation and Cell Activation Modules, Defining a New Therapeutic Target. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1709-1724. [PMID: 33421512 PMCID: PMC8494017 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent literature has implicated a key role for mast cells in murine models of colonic inflammation, but their role in human ulcerative colitis (UC) is not well established. A major advance has been the identification of mrgprb2 (human orthologue, MRGPX2) as mediating IgE-independent mast cell activation. We sought to define mechanisms of mast cell activation and MRGPRX2 in human UC. METHODS Colon tissues were collected from patients with UC for bulk RNA sequencing and lamina propria cells were isolated for MRGPRX2 activation studies and single-cell RNA sequencing. Genetic association of all protein-altering G-protein coupled receptor single-nucleotide polymorphism was performed in an Ashkenazi Jewish UC case-control cohort. Variants of MRGPRX2 were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human mast cell (HMC) 1.1 cells to detect genotype-dependent effects on β-arrestin recruitment, IP-1 accumulation, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase. RESULTS Mast cell-specific mediators and adrenomedullin (proteolytic precursor of PAMP-12, an MRGPRX2 agonist) are up-regulated in inflamed compared to uninflamed UC. MRGPRX2 stimulation induces carboxypeptidase secretion from inflamed UC. Of all protein-altering GPCR alleles, a unique variant of MRGPRX2, Asn62Ser, was most associated with and was bioinformatically predicted to alter arrestin recruitment. We validated that the UC protective serine allele enhances β-arrestin recruitment, decreases IP-1, and increases phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase with MRGPRX2 agonists. Single-cell RNA sequencing defines that adrenomedullin is expressed by activated fibroblasts and epithelial cells and that interferon gamma is a key upstream regulator of mast cell gene expression. CONCLUSION Inflamed UC regions are distinguished by MRGPRX2-mediated activation of mast cells, with decreased activation observed with a UC-protective genetic variant. These results define cell modules of UC activation and a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernie Chen
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Ling-shiang Chuang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Mamta Giri
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Nicole Villaverde
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Nai-yun Hsu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Ksenija Sabic
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Sari Joshowitz
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Kyle Gettler
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Shikha Nayar
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Zhi Chai
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Isaac L. Alter
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Colleen C. Chasteau
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Ujunwa M. Korie
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Siarhei Dzedzik
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Tin Htwe Thin
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Aayushee Jain
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Arden Moscati
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Gerardus Bongers
- Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Richard H. Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven R. Brant
- Crohns and Colitis Center of New Jersey, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - John D. Rioux
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada. Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Inga Peter
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - L. Philip Schumm
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Dermot P. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yuval Itan
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Judy H. Cho
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Judy Cho, Hess CSM Building Floor 8th Room 118, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, TEL. (212) 824-8940, FAX. (646) 537-9452,
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Gettler K, Levantovsky R, Moscati A, Giri M, Wu Y, Hsu NY, Chuang LS, Sazonovs A, Venkateswaran S, Korie U, Chasteau C, Duerr RH, Silverberg MS, Snapper SB, Daly MJ, McGovern DP, Brant SR, Rioux JD, Kugathasan S, Anderson CA, Itan Y, Cho JH. Common and Rare Variant Prediction and Penetrance of IBD in a Large, Multi-ethnic, Health System-based Biobank Cohort. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1546-1557. [PMID: 33359885 PMCID: PMC8237248 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polygenic risk scores (PRS) may soon be used to predict inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk in prevention efforts. We leveraged exome-sequence and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data from 29,358 individuals in the multiethnic, randomly ascertained health system-based BioMe biobank to define effects of common and rare IBD variants on disease prediction and pathophysiology. METHODS PRS were calculated from European, African American, and Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) reference case-control studies, and a meta-GWAS run using all three association datasets. PRS were then combined using regression to assess which combination of scores best predicted IBD status in European, AJ, Hispanic, and African American cohorts in BioMe. Additionally, rare variants were assessed in genes associated with very early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD), by estimating genetic penetrance in each BioMe population. RESULTS Combining risk scores based on association data from distinct ancestral populations improved IBD prediction for every population in BioMe and significantly improved prediction among European ancestry UK Biobank individuals. Lower predictive power for non-Europeans was observed, reflecting in part substantially lower African IBD case-control reference sizes. We replicated associations for two VEO-IBD genes, ADAM17 and LRBA, with high dominant model penetrance in BioMe. Autosomal recessive LRBA risk alleles are associated with severe, early-onset autoimmunity; we show that heterozygous carriage of an African-predominant LRBA protein-altering allele is associated with significantly decreased LRBA and CTLA-4 expression with T-cell activation. CONCLUSIONS Greater genetic diversity in African populations improves prediction across populations, and generalizes some VEO-IBD genes. Increasing African American IBD case-collections should be prioritized to reduce health disparities and enhance pathophysiological insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Gettler
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rachel Levantovsky
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Arden Moscati
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mamta Giri
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yiming Wu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nai-Yun Hsu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ling-Shiang Chuang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Aleksejs Sazonovs
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Suresh Venkateswaran
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ujunwa Korie
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Colleen Chasteau
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Richard H Duerr
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark J Daly
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dermot P McGovern
- Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven R Brant
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Department of Genetics and The Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John D Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carl A Anderson
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Yuval Itan
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Judy H Cho
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Abstract
A number of diseases and conditions have been associated with prolonged or persistent exposure to non-physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, ROS underproduction due to loss-of-function mutations in superoxide or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-generating enzymes is a risk factor or causative for certain diseases. However, ROS are required for basic cell functions; in particular the diffusible second messenger H2O2 that serves as signaling molecule in redox processes. This activity sets H2O2 apart from highly reactive oxygen radicals and influences the approach to drug discovery, clinical utility, and therapeutic intervention. Here we review the chemical and biological fundamentals of ROS with emphasis on H2O2 as a signaling conduit and initiator of redox relays and propose an integrated view of physiological versus non-physiological reactive species. Therapeutic interventions that target persistently altered ROS levels should include both selective inhibition of a specific source of primary ROS and careful consideration of a targeted pro-oxidant approach, an avenue that is still underdeveloped. Both strategies require attention to redox dynamics in complex cellular systems, integration of the overall spatiotemporal cellular environment, and target validation to yield effective and safe therapeutics. The only professional primary ROS producers are NADPH oxidases (NOX1-5, DUOX1-2). Many other enzymes, e.g., xanthine oxidase (XO), monoamine oxidases (MAO), lysyl oxidases (LO), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cyclooxygenase (COX), produce superoxide and H2O2 secondary to their primary metabolic function. Superoxide is too reactive to disseminate, but H2O2 is diffusible, only limited by adjacent PRDXs or GPXs, and can be apically secreted and imported into cells through aquaporin (AQP) channels. H2O2 redox signaling includes oxidation of the active site thiol in protein tyrosine phosphatases, which will inhibit their activity and thereby increase tyrosine phosphorylation on target proteins. Essential functions include the oxidative burst by NOX2 as antimicrobial innate immune response; gastrointestinal NOX1 and DUOX2 generating low H2O2 concentrations sufficient to trigger antivirulence mechanisms; and thyroidal DUOX2 essential for providing H2O2 reduced by TPO to oxidize iodide to an iodinating form which is then attached to tyrosyls in TG. Loss-of-function (LoF) variants in TPO or DUOX2 cause congenital hypothyroidism and LoF variants in the NOX2 complex chronic granulomatous disease.
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Burgueño JF, Fritsch J, Gonzalez EE, Landau KS, Santander AM, Fernández I, Hazime H, Davies JM, Santaolalla R, Phillips MC, Diaz S, Dheer R, Brito N, Pignac-Kobinger J, Fernández E, Conner GE, Abreu MT. Epithelial TLR4 Signaling Activates DUOX2 to Induce Microbiota-Driven Tumorigenesis. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:797-808.e6. [PMID: 33127391 PMCID: PMC7879481 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic colonic inflammation leads to dysplasia and cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We have described the critical role of innate immune signaling via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the pathogenesis of dysplasia and cancer. In the current study, we interrogate the intersection of TLR4 signaling, epithelial redox activity, and the microbiota in colitis-associated neoplasia. METHODS Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer data sets were analyzed for expression of TLR4, dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2), and NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1). Epithelial production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was analyzed in murine colonic epithelial cells and colonoid cultures. Colorectal cancer models were carried out in villin-TLR4 mice, carrying a constitutively active form of TLR4, their littermates, and villin-TLR4 mice backcrossed to DUOXA-knockout mice. The role of the TLR4-shaped microbiota in tumor development was tested in wild-type germ-free mice. RESULTS Activation of epithelial TLR4 was associated with up-regulation of DUOX2 and NOX1 in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. DUOX2 was exquisitely dependent on TLR4 signaling and mediated the production of epithelial H2O2. Epithelial H2O2 was significantly increased in villin-TLR4 mice; TLR4-dependent tumorigenesis required the presence of DUOX2 and a microbiota. Mucosa-associated microbiota transferred from villin-TLR4 mice to wild-type germ-free mice caused increased H2O2 production and tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Increased TLR4 signaling in colitis drives expression of DUOX2 and epithelial production of H2O2. The local milieu imprints the mucosal microbiota and imbues it with pathogenic properties demonstrated by enhanced epithelial reactive oxygen species and increased development of colitis-associated tumors. The inter-relationship between epithelial reactive oxygen species and tumor-promoting microbiota requires a 2-pronged strategy to reduce the risk of dysplasia in colitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Burgueño
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julia Fritsch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eddy E Gonzalez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Kevin S Landau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ana M Santander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irina Fernández
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hajar Hazime
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julie M Davies
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rebeca Santaolalla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew C Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sophia Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rishu Dheer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nivis Brito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Judith Pignac-Kobinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ester Fernández
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregory E Conner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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35
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Irrazabal T, Thakur BK, Croitoru K, Martin A. Preventing Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer With Antioxidants: A Systematic Review. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1177-1197. [PMID: 33418102 PMCID: PMC7907812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC); however, the basis for inflammation-induced genetic damage requisite for neoplasia is unclear. Several studies have shown that IBD patients have signs of increased oxidative damage, which could be a result of genetic and environmental factors such as an excess in oxidant molecules released during chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, a failure in antioxidant capacity, or oxidant promoting diets. It has been suggested that chronic oxidative environment in the intestine leads to the DNA lesions that precipitate colon carcinogenesis in IBD patients. Indeed, several preclinical and clinical studies show that different endogenous and exogenous antioxidant molecules are effective at reducing oxidation in the intestine. However, most clinical studies have focused on the short-term effects of antioxidants in IBD patients but not in CAC. This review article examines the role of oxidative DNA damage as a possible precipitating event in CAC in the context of chronic intestinal inflammation and the potential role of exogenous antioxidants to prevent these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhupesh K Thakur
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Martin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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36
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Yang M, Zhao Y, Ding Y, Wang J, Tan Y, Xu D, Yuan Y. A truncated protein product of the germline variant of the DUOX2 gene leads to adenomatous polyposis. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:215-226. [PMID: 33628596 PMCID: PMC7877186 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In some patients with adenomatous polyposis, an identifiable pathogenic variant of known associated genes cannot be found. Researchers have studied this for decades; however, few new genes have been identified. Methods: Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) negative polyposis patients were identified through next-generation sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Then, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to determine candidate genes harboring pathogenic variants. Functional experiments were performed to explore their effects. Subsequently, using Sanger sequencing, we found other polyposis patients carrying variants of the DUOX2 gene, encoding dual oxidase 2, and analyzed them. Results: From 88 patients with suspected familial adenomatous polyposis, 25 unrelated APC negative polyposis patients were identified. Based on the WES results of 3 patients and 2 healthy relatives from a family, the germline nonsense variant (c.1588A>T; p.K530X) of the DUOX2 gene was speculated to play a decisive role in the pedigree in relation to adenomatous polyposis. During functional experiments, we observed that the truncated protein, hDuox2 K530, was overexpressed in the adenoma in a carrier of the DUOX2 nonsense variant, causing abnormal cell proliferation through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention. In addition, we found two unrelated APC negative patients carrying DUOX2 missense variants (c.3329G>A, p.R1110Q; c.4027C>T, p.L1343F). Given the results of the in silico analysis, these two missense variants might exert a negative influence on the function of hDuox2. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the possible association of DUOX2 germline variants with adenomatous polyposis. With an autosomal dominant inheritance, it causes ER retention, inducing an unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yuwei Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yinuo Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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37
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are ubiquitous metabolic products and important cellular signaling molecules that contribute to several biological functions. Pathophysiology arises when ROS are generated either in excess or in cell types or subcellular locations that normally do not produce ROS or when non-physiological types of ROS (e.g., superoxide instead of hydrogen peroxide) are formed. In the latter scenario, antioxidants were considered as the apparent remedy but, clinically, have consistently failed and even sometimes induced harm. The obvious reason for that is the non-selective ROS scavenging effects of antioxidants which interfere with both qualities of ROS, physiological and pathological. Therefore, it is essential to overcome this "antidote or neutralizer" strategy. We here review the most promising alternative approach by identifying the disease-relevant enzymatic sources of ROS, target these selectively, but leave physiological ROS signaling through other sources intact. Among all ROS sources, NADPH oxidases (NOX1-5 and DUOX1-2) stand out as their sole function is to produce ROS, whereas most other enzymatic sources only produce ROS as a by-product or upon biochemical uncoupling or damage. This qualifies NOXs as the main potential drug-target candidates in diseases associated with dysfunction in ROS signaling. As a reflection of this, the development of several NOX inhibitors has taken place. Recently, the WHO approved a new stem, "naxib," which refers to NADPH oxidase inhibitors, and thereby recognized NOX inhibitors as a new therapeutic class. This has been announced while clinical trials with the first-in-class compound, setanaxib (initially known as GKT137831) had been initiated. We also review the differences between the seven NOX family members in terms of structure and function in health and disease and then focus on the most advanced NOX inhibitors with an exclusive focus on clinically relevant validations and applications. Therapeutically relevant NADPH oxidase isoforms type 1, 2, 4, and 5 (NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, NOX5). Of note, NOX5 is not present in mice and rats and thus pre-clinically less studied. NOX2, formerly termed gp91phox, has been correlated with many, too many, diseases and is rather relevant as genetic deficiency in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), treated by gene therapy. Overproduction of ROS through NOX1, NOX4, and NOX5 leads to the indicated diseases states including atherosclerosis (red), a condition where NOX4 is surprisingly protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School of MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | | | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School of MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Hertati A, Hayashi S, Ogawa Y, Yamamoto T, Kadowaki M. Interleukin-4 Receptor α Subunit Deficiency Alleviates Murine Intestinal Inflammation In Vivo Through the Enhancement of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:573470. [PMID: 33192516 PMCID: PMC7656058 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.573470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of epithelial barrier function causes chronic intestinal inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease. Several studies have reported that Th2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 play an important role in the regulation of intestinal barrier function. However, the precise role of the IL-4 receptor α subunit (IL-4Rα) in intestinal inflammation remains unclear. Thus, we used an experimental colitis model to investigate the role of IL-4Rα in intestinal inflammation. IL-4Rα-deficient (IL-4Rα-/-) mice and their littermate wild-type (WT) mice were used. Experimental colitis was induced by administration of 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water for seven days. Treatment with DSS caused body weight loss, an increase in the disease activity index and histological abnormalities in WT colitis mice, all of which were significantly attenuated in IL-4Rα-/- colitis mice. Neutrophil infiltration in the colonic mucosa was reduced in IL-4Rα-/- colitis mice compared with WT colitis mice. NADPH oxidase 1 expression and reactive oxygen species production were increased in the colons of IL-4Rα-/- mice. Furthermore, elevated intestinal permeability induced by DSS treatment was suppressed in IL-4Rα-/- colitis mice. These results demonstrate that IL-4Rα-/- mice exhibit reduced susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. Our present findings suggest that IL-4Rα deficiency enhances intestinal mucosal barrier function through the upregulation of NADPH oxidase 1-dependent reactive oxygen species production, thereby suppressing the development of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Hertati
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Shusaku Hayashi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yudai Ogawa
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kadowaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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39
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Waghela BN, Vaidya FU, Agrawal Y, Santra MK, Mishra V, Pathak C. Molecular insights of NADPH oxidases and its pathological consequences. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:218-234. [PMID: 32975319 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed by the partial reduction of oxygen, were for a long time considered to be a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Since, increase in cellular levels of ROS results in oxidative stress leading to damage of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids resulting in numerous pathological conditions; ROS was considered a bane for aerobic species. Hence, the discovery of NADPH oxidases (NOX), an enzyme family that specifically generates ROS as its prime product came as a surprise to redox biologists. NOX family proteins participate in various cellular functions including cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of genes and protein expression, apoptosis, and host defence immunological response. Balanced expression and activation of NOX with subsequent production of ROS are critically important to regulate various genes and proteins to maintain homeostasis of the cell. However, dysregulation of NOX activation leading to enhanced ROS levels is associated with various pathophysiologies including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, ageing, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Although our current knowledge on NOX signifies its importance in the normal functioning of various cellular pathways; yet the choice of ROS producing enzymes which can tip the scale from homeostasis toward damage, as mediators of biological functions remain an oddity. Though the role of NOX in maintaining normal cellular functions is now deemed essential, yet its dysregulation leading to catastrophic events cannot be denied. Hence, this review focuses on the involvement of NOX enzymes in various pathological conditions imploring them as possible targets for therapies. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The NOXs are multi-subunit enzymes that generate ROS as a prime product. NOX generated ROS are usually regulated by various molecular factors and play a vital role in different physiological processes. The dysregulation of NOX activity is associated with pathological consequences. Recently, the dynamic proximity of NOX enzymes with different molecular signatures of pathologies has been studied extensively. It is essential to identify the precise role of NOX machinery in its niche during the progression of pathology. Although inhibition of NOX could be a promising approach for therapeutic interventions, it is critical to expand the current understanding of NOX's dynamicity and shed light on their molecular partners and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav N Waghela
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Foram U Vaidya
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Yashika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinita Mishra
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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40
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Casas AI, Nogales C, Mucke HAM, Petraina A, Cuadrado A, Rojo AI, Ghezzi P, Jaquet V, Augsburger F, Dufrasne F, Soubhye J, Deshwal S, Di Sante M, Kaludercic N, Di Lisa F, Schmidt HHHW. On the Clinical Pharmacology of Reactive Oxygen Species. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:801-828. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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41
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Dang PMC, Rolas L, El-Benna J. The Dual Role of Reactive Oxygen Species-Generating Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases in Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Therapeutic Perspectives. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:354-373. [PMID: 31968991 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Despite their intrinsic cytotoxic properties, mounting evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) physiologically produced by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) of epithelial cells (NOX1, dual oxidase [DUOX]2) and phagocytes (NOX2) are critical for innate immune response and homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. However, dysregulated ROS production could be a driving factor in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Recent Advances: In addition to NOX2, recent studies have demonstrated that NOX1- and DUOX2-derived ROS can regulate intestinal innate immune defense and homeostasis by impacting many processes, including bacterial virulence, expression of bacteriostatic proteins, epithelial renewal and restitution, and microbiota composition. Moreover, the antibacterial role of DUOX2 is a function conserved in evolution as it has been described in invertebrates, and lower and higher vertebrates. In humans, variants of the NOX2, NOX1, and DUOX2 genes, which are associated with impaired ROS production, have been identified in very early onset IBD, but overexpression of NOX/DUOX, especially DUOX2, has also been described in IBD, suggesting that loss-of-function or excessive activity of the ROS-generating enzymes could contribute to disease progression. Critical Issues: Therapeutic perspectives aiming at targeting NOX/DUOX in IBD should take into account the two sides of NOX/DUOX-derived ROS in intestinal inflammation. Hence, NOX/DUOX inhibitors or ROS inducers should be considered as a function of the disease context. Future Directions: A thorough understanding of the physiological and pathological regulation of NOX/DUOX in the gastrointestinal tract is an absolute pre-requisite for the development of therapeutic strategies that can modulate ROS levels in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Rolas
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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42
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Khoshnevisan R, Anderson M, Babcock S, Anderson S, Illig D, Marquardt B, Sherkat R, Schröder K, Moll F, Hollizeck S, Rohlfs M, Walz C, Adibi P, Rezaei A, Andalib A, Koletzko S, Muise AM, Snapper SB, Klein C, Thiagarajah JR, Kotlarz D. NOX1 Regulates Collective and Planktonic Cell Migration: Insights From Patients With Pediatric-Onset IBD and NOX1 Deficiency. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1166-1176. [PMID: 32064493 PMCID: PMC7365810 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic defects of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) provide critical insights into molecular factors controlling intestinal homeostasis. NOX1 has been recently recognized as a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human colonic epithelial cells. Here we assessed the functional consequences of human NOX1 deficiency with respect to wound healing and epithelial migration by studying pediatric IBD patients presenting with a stop-gain mutation in NOX1. METHODS Functional characterization of the NOX1 variant included ROS generation, wound healing, 2-dimensional collective chemotactic migration, single-cell planktonic migration in heterologous cell lines, and RNA scope and immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded patient tissue samples. RESULTS Using exome sequencing, we identified a stop-gain mutation in NOX1 (c.160C>T, p.54R>*) in patients with pediatric-onset IBD. Our studies confirmed that loss-of-function of NOX1 causes abrogated ROS activity, but they also provided novel mechanistic insights into human NOX1 deficiency. Cells that were NOX1-mutant showed impaired wound healing and attenuated 2-dimensional collective chemotactic migration. High-resolution microscopy of the migrating cell edge revealed a reduced density of filopodial protrusions with altered focal adhesions in NOX1-deficient cells, accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of p190A. Assessment of single-cell planktonic migration toward an epidermal growth factor gradient showed that NOX1 deficiency is associated with altered migration dynamics with loss of directionality and altered cell-cell interactions. CONCLUSIONS Our studies on pediatric-onset IBD patients with a rare sequence variant in NOX1 highlight that human NOX1 is involved in regulating wound healing by altering epithelial cytoskeletal dynamics at the leading edge and directing cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Khoshnevisan
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Michael Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen Babcock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sierra Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Illig
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Marquardt
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franziska Moll
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hollizeck
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Andalib
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,PEDI-CODE Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,VEO-IBD Consortium, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay R Thiagarajah
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,PEDI-CODE Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Address correspondence to: Daniel Kotlarz, MD, PhD, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany (); Jay R. Thiagarajah, MD, PhD, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, EN605, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA ()
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Address correspondence to: Daniel Kotlarz, MD, PhD, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany (); Jay R. Thiagarajah, MD, PhD, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, EN605, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA ()
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Rahmani F, Rayzan E, Rahmani MR, Shahkarami S, Zoghi S, Rezaei A, Aryan Z, Najafi M, Rohlfs M, Jeske T, Aflatoonian M, Chavoshzadeh Z, Farahmand F, Motamed F, Rohani P, Alimadadi H, Mahdaviani A, Mansouri M, Tavakol M, Vanderberg M, Kotlarz D, Klein C, Rezaei N. Clinical and Mutation Description of the First Iranian Cohort of Infantile Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry (IPIDR). Immunol Invest 2020; 50:445-459. [PMID: 32633164 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1776725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe a cohort of 25 Iranian patients with infantile inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 14 (56%) of whom had monogenic defects. After proper screening, patients were referred for whole exome sequencing (WES). Four patients had missense mutations in the IL10 RA, and one had a large deletion in the IL10 RB. Four patients had mutations in genes implicated in host:microbiome homeostasis, including TTC7A deficiency, and two patients with novel mutations in the TTC37 and NOX1. We found a novel homozygous mutation in the SRP54 in a deceased patient and the heterozygous variant in his sibling with a milder phenotype. Three patients had combined immunodeficiency: one with ZAP-70 deficiency (T+B+NK-), and two with atypical SCID due to mutations in RAG1 and LIG4. One patient had a G6PC3 mutation without neutropenia. Eleven of the 14 patients with monogenic defects were results of consanguinity and only 4 of them were alive to this date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rahmani
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.,Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rayzan
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics' Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahmani
- Department of Immunology & Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sepideh Shahkarami
- Medical Genetics Network (Megene), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Zoghi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arezoo Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aryan
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Najafi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Jeske
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Majid Aflatoonian
- Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Chavoshzadeh
- Pediatric Infectious Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farahmand
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Motamed
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pejman Rohani
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Alimadadi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mahdaviani
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Mansouri
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Behehshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Tavakol
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mirjam Vanderberg
- Laboratory for Immunology, Dept. Of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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44
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Dhaliwal J, Walters TD, Mack DR, Huynh HQ, Jacobson K, Otley AR, Debruyn J, El-Matary W, Deslandres C, Sherlock ME, Critch JN, Bax K, Seidman E, Jantchou P, Ricciuto A, Rashid M, Muise AM, Wine E, Carroll M, Lawrence S, Van Limbergen J, Benchimol EI, Church P, Griffiths AM. Phenotypic Variation in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Age: A Multicentre Prospective Inception Cohort Study of the Canadian Children IBD Network. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:445-454. [PMID: 31136648 PMCID: PMC7242003 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] in Canada is among the highest worldwide, and age of onset may be decreasing. In a multicentre nationwide inception cohort study, we examined variation in phenotype of IBD throughout the paediatric age spectrum. METHODS Children aged ≥2 years [y] and <17y [A1 age at diagnosis], with new onset IBD, were systematically evaluated at sites of the Canadian Children IBD Network. Prospectively recorded phenotypic data were compared between age groups. RESULTS Among 1092 children (70% Caucasian; 64% Crohn's disease [CD], 36% ulcerative colitis/inflammatory bowel disease unclassified [UC/IBD-U]; median age 13 y, interquartile range [IQR] 11-15 y), 210 [19%] were diagnosed before the age of age 10 y [Paris A1a] and 43 [4%] before age 6 y (very-early-onset [VEO-IBD]). CD was less common in younger children [42%, 56%, 66%, respectively, of VEO-IBD, A1a; A1b]. Colon-only IBD [UC/IBDU or CD-colon] was present in 81% of VEO-IBD and 65% of A1a; ileal disease increased progressively, reaching plateau at age 10 y. CD location was ileocolonic [L3] in 53% overall. Ileitis [L1] increased with age [6% of VEO-IBD; 13% of A1a; 21% of A1b], as did stricturing/penetrating CD [4% of A1a; 11% of A1b]. At all ages UC was extensive [E3/E4] in >85%, and disease activity moderate to severe according to Physician's Global Assessment [PGA] and weighted Paediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index/Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index [wPCDAI/PUCAI] in >70%. Heights were modestly reduced in CD [mean height z score -0.30 ± 1.23], but normal in UC/IBD-U. CONCLUSIONS Paris classification of age at diagnosis is supported by age-related increases in ileal disease until age 10 years. Other phenotypic features, including severity, are similar across all ages. Linear growth is less impaired in CD than in historical cohorts, reflecting earlier diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dhaliwal
- SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T D Walters
- SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D R Mack
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - H Q Huynh
- Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K Jacobson
- B.C. Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A R Otley
- IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J Debruyn
- Alberta Children’s Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - W El-Matary
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - C Deslandres
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M E Sherlock
- McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J N Critch
- Janeway Children’s Health and Rehabilitation Centre, Memorial University, St John’s, NL, Canada
| | - K Bax
- Children’s Hospital of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - E Seidman
- Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Jantchou
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Ricciuto
- SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Rashid
- IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - A M Muise
- SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Wine
- Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Carroll
- Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S Lawrence
- B.C. Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Van Limbergen
- IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - E I Benchimol
- Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Church
- SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A M Griffiths
- SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Burgueño JF, Abreu MT. Epithelial Toll-like receptors and their role in gut homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:263-278. [PMID: 32103203 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that interact with the host to maintain structural and functional homeostasis. Acting as the interface between the site of the highest microbial burden in the human body and the richest immune compartment, a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells specializes in nutrient absorption, stratifies microorganisms to limit colonization of tissues and shapes the responses of the subepithelial immune cells. In this Review, we focus on the expression, regulation and functions of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the different intestinal epithelial lineages to analyse how epithelial recognition of bacteria participates in establishing homeostasis in the gut. In particular, we elaborate on the involvement of epithelial TLR signalling in controlling crypt dynamics, enhancing epithelial barrier integrity and promoting immune tolerance towards the gut microbiota. Furthermore, we comment on the regulatory mechanisms that fine-tune TLR-driven immune responses towards pathogens and revisit the role of TLRs in epithelial repair after injury. Finally, we discuss how dysregulation of epithelial TLRs can lead to the generation of dysbiosis, thereby increasing susceptibility to colitis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Burgueño
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Liu J, Iwata K, Zhu K, Matsumoto M, Matsumoto K, Asaoka N, Zhang X, Ibi M, Katsuyama M, Tsutsui M, Kato S, Yabe-Nishimura C. NOX1/NADPH oxidase in bone marrow-derived cells modulates intestinal barrier function. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:90-101. [PMID: 31838229 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An impaired intestinal barrier function is common in IBD patients. Here, we report the central role of NOX1/NADPH oxidase, a major source of ROS in nonphagocytic cells, in intestinal barrier dysfunction. By in vivo imaging using L-012 as a probe, a time-dependent increase in ROS was demonstrated in the abdomen of wild-type mice (WT) administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 6 mg/kg i.p.), but it was almost completely abolished in mice deficient in Nox1 (Nox1-KO) or the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (iNOS-KO). By ex vivo imaging, increased ROS production was mainly shown in the ileum, where enhanced immunostaining of NOX1 was observed on the apical side of the epithelium. On the other hand, a punctate staining pattern of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite production, was demonstrated in the lamina propria. When LPS-induced intestinal hyperpermeability was assessed by the oral administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran (FD-4), it was significantly suppressed in Nox1-KO as well as iNOS-KO. When Nox1-KO adoptively transferred with WT bone marrow were treated with LPS, the serum level of FD-4 was significantly elevated, whereas it remained unchanged in WT receiving bone marrow derived from Nox1-KO. Concomitantly, the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 induced by LPS was alleviated not only in intestinal tissue but also in peritoneal macrophages of Nox1-KO. Up-regulation of iNOS by LPS was significantly inhibited in macrophages deficient in Nox1, illustrating a functional hierarchy in NOX1/iNOS signaling. Together, these findings suggest that NOX1 in bone marrow-derived cells, but not epithelial cells, perturbs intestinal barrier integrity during endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd., Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | | | - Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masato Katsuyama
- Radioisotope Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kato
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
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Chu FF, Esworthy RS, Shen B, Gao Q, Doroshow JH. Dexamethasone and Tofacitinib suppress NADPH oxidase expression and alleviate very-early-onset ileocolitis in mice deficient in GSH peroxidase 1 and 2. Life Sci 2019; 239:116884. [PMID: 31689440 PMCID: PMC6898790 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
C57BL6/J (B6) mice lacking Se-dependent GSH peroxidase 1 and 2 (GPx1/2-DKO) develop mild to moderate ileocolitis around weaning. These DKO mice have a disease resembling human very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD), which is associated with mutations in NADPH oxidase genes. Drugs including dexamethasone (Dex), Tofacitinib (Tofa; a Janus kinase/JAK inhibitor) and anti-TNF antibody are effective to treat adult, but not pediatric IBD. AIMS To test the efficacy of hydrophobic Dex and hydrophilic Dex phosphate (Dex phos), Tofa, anti-Tnf Ab, Noxa1ds-TAT and gp91ds-TAT peptides (inhibiting NOX1 and NOX2 assembly respectively), antioxidant MJ33 and ML090, and pifithrin-α (p53 inhibitor) on alleviation of gut inflammation in DKO weanlings. MAIN METHODS All treatments began on 22-day-old GPx1/2-DKO mice. The mouse intestine pathology was compared between the drug- and vehicle-treated groups after six or thirteen days of treatment. KEY FINDINGS Among all drugs tested, Dex, Dex phos and Tofa were the strongest to suppress ileocolitis in the DKO weanlings. Dex, Dex phos and Tofa inhibited crypt apoptosis and increased crypt density. Dex or Dex phos alone also inhibited cell proliferation, exfoliation and crypt abscess in the ileum. Dex, but not Tofa, retarded mouse growth. Both Dex and Tofa inhibited ileum Nox1, Nox4 and Duox2, but not Nox2 gene expression. Noxa1ds-TAT and gp91ds-TAT peptides as well as MJ33 had subtle effect on suppressing pathology, while others had negligible effect. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that NADPH oxidases can be novel drug targets for pediatric IBD therapy, and Tofa may be considered for treating VEOIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Fong Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, China; Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - R Steven Esworthy
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Binghui Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China.
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Burgueño JF, Fritsch J, Santander AM, Brito N, Fernández I, Pignac-Kobinger J, Conner GE, Abreu MT. Intestinal Epithelial Cells Respond to Chronic Inflammation and Dysbiosis by Synthesizing H 2O 2. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1484. [PMID: 31871440 PMCID: PMC6921703 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbes in the gastrointestinal tract are separated from the host by a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that plays pivotal roles in maintaining homeostasis by absorbing nutrients and providing a physical and immunological barrier to potential pathogens. Preservation of homeostasis requires the crosstalk between the epithelium and the microbial environment. One epithelial-driven innate immune mechanism that participates in host-microbe communication involves the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), toward the lumen. Phagocytes produce high amounts of ROS which is critical for microbicidal functions; the functional contribution of epithelial ROS, however, has been hindered by the lack of methodologies to reliably quantify extracellular release of ROS. Here, we used a modified Amplex Red assay to investigate the inflammatory and microbial regulation of IEC-generated H2O2 and the potential role of Duox2, a NADPH oxidase that is an important source of H2O2. We found that colonoids respond to interferon-γ and flagellin by enhancing production of H2O2 in a Duox2-mediated fashion. To extend these findings, we analyzed ex vivo production of H2O2 by IECs after acute and chronic inflammation, as well as after exposure to dysbiotic microbiota. While acute inflammation did not induce a significant increase in epithelial-driven H2O2, chronic inflammation caused IECs to release higher levels of H2O2. Furthermore, colonization of germ-free mice with dysbiotic microbiota from mice or patients with IBD resulted in increased H2O2 production compared with healthy controls. Collectively, these data suggest that IECs are capable of H2O2 production during chronic inflammation and dysbiotic states. Our results provide insight into luminal production of H2O2 by IECs as a read-out of innate defense by the mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Burgueño
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Julia Fritsch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ana M Santander
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nivis Brito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Irina Fernández
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Judith Pignac-Kobinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Gregory E Conner
- Department of Cell Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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49
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Colitis susceptibility in mice with reactive oxygen species deficiency is mediated by mucus barrier and immune defense defects. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1316-1326. [PMID: 31554901 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidases (NOX/DUOX) provide antimicrobial defense, redox signaling, and gut barrier maintenance. Inactivating NOX variants are associated with comorbid intestinal inflammation in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD; NOX2) and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; NOX1); however Nox-deficient mice do not reflect human disease susceptibility. Here we assessed if a hypomorphic patient-relevant CGD mutation will increase the risk for intestinal inflammation in mice. Cyba (p22phox) mutant mice generated low intestinal ROS, while maintaining Nox4 function. The Cyba variant caused profound mucus layer disruption with bacterial penetration into crypts, dysbiosis, and a compromised innate immune response to invading microbes, leading to mortality. Approaches used in treatment-resistant CGD or pediatric IBD such as bone marrow transplantation or oral antibiotic treatment ameliorated or prevented disease in mice. The Cyba mutant mouse phenotype implicates loss of both mucus barrier and efficient innate immune defense in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation due to ROS deficiency, supporting a combined-hit model where a single disease variant compromises different cellular functions in interdependent compartments.
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50
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Sheng Y, Li H, Liu M, Xie B, Wei W, Wu J, Meng F, Wang HY, Chen S. A Manganese-Superoxide Dismutase From Thermus thermophilus HB27 Suppresses Inflammatory Responses and Alleviates Experimentally Induced Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1644-1655. [PMID: 31067299 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an attractive therapeutic agent to ameliorate oxidative stress that is critical for the initiation and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the short life of SOD limits its clinical application. In this study, we aim to examine the therapeutic effects of a hyperthermostable SOD from the Thermus thermophilus HB27 (TtSOD) for treatment of experimentally induced IBD. METHODS A recombinant TtSOD was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli, and its therapeutic effects were examined in 2 experimental IBD animal models. RESULTS In IBD induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in zebrafish, TtSOD treatment decreased intestinal enlargement and attenuated neutrophil infiltration, resulting in alleviation of enterocolitis. In mice, SOD activity was substantially increased in the intestine after oral gavage of TtSOD, which ameliorated gut inflammation, preserved gut barrier function, and attenuated the severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Furthermore, TtSOD inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory responses in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that TtSOD possesses therapeutic activities toward experimentally induced IBD, offering new clinical treatment options for patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingxian Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanguo Meng
- Redox Medical Center for Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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