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Adkins-Threats M, Arimura S, Huang YZ, Divenko M, To S, Mao H, Zeng Y, Hwang JY, Burclaff JR, Jain S, Mills JC. Metabolic regulator ERRγ governs gastric stem cell differentiation into acid-secreting parietal cells. Cell Stem Cell 2024:S1934-5909(24)00143-7. [PMID: 38733994 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Parietal cells (PCs) produce gastric acid to kill pathogens and aid digestion. Dysregulated PC census is common in disease, yet how PCs differentiate is unclear. Here, we identify the PC progenitors arising from isthmal stem cells, using mouse models and human gastric cells, and show that they preferentially express cell-metabolism regulator and orphan nuclear receptor Estrogen-related receptor gamma (Esrrg, encoding ERRγ). Esrrg expression facilitated the tracking of stepwise molecular, cellular, and ultrastructural stages of PC differentiation. EsrrgP2ACreERT2 lineage tracing revealed that Esrrg expression commits progenitors to differentiate into mature PCs. scRNA-seq indicated the earliest Esrrg+ PC progenitors preferentially express SMAD4 and SP1 transcriptional targets and the GTPases regulating acid-secretion signal transduction. As progenitors matured, ERRγ-dependent metabolic transcripts predominated. Organoid and mouse studies validated the requirement of ERRγ for PC differentiation. Our work chronicles stem cell differentiation along a single lineage in vivo and suggests ERRγ as a therapeutic target for PC-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahliyah Adkins-Threats
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sumimasa Arimura
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang-Zhe Huang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Margarita Divenko
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah To
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heather Mao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongji Zeng
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jenie Y Hwang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Joseph R Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shilpa Jain
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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2
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Miao ZF, Sun JX, Huang XZ, Bai S, Pang MJ, Li JY, Chen HY, Tong QY, Ye SY, Wang XY, Hu XH, Li JY, Zou JW, Xu W, Yang JH, Lu X, Mills JC, Wang ZN. Metaplastic regeneration in the mouse stomach requires a reactive oxygen species pathway. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1175-1191.e7. [PMID: 38521055 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In pyloric metaplasia, mature gastric chief cells reprogram via an evolutionarily conserved process termed paligenosis to re-enter the cell cycle and become spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cells. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) following injury to the murine stomach to analyze mechanisms governing paligenosis at high resolution. Injury causes induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) with coordinated changes in mitochondrial activity and cellular metabolism, requiring the transcriptional mitochondrial regulator Ppargc1a (Pgc1α) and ROS regulator Nf2el2 (Nrf2). Loss of the ROS and mitochondrial control in Ppargc1a-/- mice causes the death of paligenotic cells through ferroptosis. Blocking the cystine transporter SLC7A11(xCT), which is critical in lipid radical detoxification through glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), also increases ferroptosis. Finally, we show that PGC1α-mediated ROS and mitochondrial changes also underlie the paligenosis of pancreatic acinar cells. Altogether, the results detail how metabolic and mitochondrial changes are necessary for injury response, regeneration, and metaplasia in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jing-Xu Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan-Zhang Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min-Jiao Pang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Han-Yu Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi-Yue Tong
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi-Yu Ye
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Hai Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing-Ying Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin-Wei Zou
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun-Hao Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Departments of Pathology & Immunology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 535E Anderson-Jones Building, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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3
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Steiner AJ, Zheng Y, Tang Y. Characterization of a rhabdomyosarcoma reveals a critical role for SMG7 in cancer cell viability and tumor growth. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10152. [PMID: 37349371 PMCID: PMC10287741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a rare and diverse group of mesenchymal cancers plagued with aggression, poor response to systemic therapy, and high rates of recurrence. Although STSs generally have low mutational burdens, the most commonly mutated genes are tumor suppressors, which frequently acquire mutations inducing nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). This suggests that STS cells may exploit NMD to suppress these anti-cancer genes. To examine the role that the NMD factor SMG7 plays in STS, we developed an inducible knockout mouse model in the Trp53-/- background. Here, we isolated a subcutaneous STS and identified it as a rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). We report that knockout of SMG7 significantly inhibited NMD in our RMS cells, which led to the induction of NMD targets GADD45b and the tumor suppressor GAS5. The loss of NMD and upregulation of these anti-cancer genes were concomitant with the loss of RMS cell viability and inhibited tumor growth. Importantly, SMG7 was dispensable for homeostasis in our mouse embryonic fibroblasts and adult mice. Overall, our data show that the loss of SMG7 induces a strong anti-cancer effect both in vitro and in vivo. We present here the first evidence that disrupting SMG7 function may be tolerable and provide a therapeutic benefit for STS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Steiner
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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4
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Willet SG, Thanintorn N, McNeill H, Huh SH, Ornitz DM, Huh WJ, Hoft SG, DiPaolo RJ, Mills JC. SOX9 Governs Gastric Mucous Neck Cell Identity and Is Required for Injury-Induced Metaplasia. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:325-339. [PMID: 37270061 PMCID: PMC10444955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute and chronic gastric injury induces alterations in differentiation within the corpus of the stomach called pyloric metaplasia. Pyloric metaplasia is characterized by the death of parietal cells and reprogramming of mitotically quiescent zymogenic chief cells into proliferative, mucin-rich spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cells. Overall, pyloric metaplastic units show increased proliferation and specific expansion of mucous lineages, both by proliferation of normal mucous neck cells and recruitment of SPEM cells. Here, we identify Sox9 as a potential gene of interest in the regulation of mucous neck and SPEM cell identity in the stomach. METHODS We used immunostaining and electron microscopy to characterize the expression pattern of SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) during murine gastric development, homeostasis, and injury in homeostasis, after genetic deletion of Sox9 and after targeted genetic misexpression of Sox9 in the gastric epithelium and chief cells. RESULTS SOX9 is expressed in all early gastric progenitors and strongly expressed in mature mucous neck cells with minor expression in the other principal gastric lineages during adult homeostasis. After injury, strong SOX9 expression was induced in the neck and base of corpus units in SPEM cells. Adult corpus units derived from Sox9-deficient gastric progenitors lacked normal mucous neck cells. Misexpression of Sox9 during postnatal development and adult homeostasis expanded mucous gene expression throughout corpus units including within the chief cell zone in the base. Sox9 deletion specifically in chief cells blunts their reprogramming into SPEM. CONCLUSIONS Sox9 is a master regulator of mucous neck cell differentiation during gastric development. Sox9 also is required for chief cells to fully reprogram into SPEM after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer G Willet
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Nattapon Thanintorn
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Helen McNeill
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sung-Ho Huh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Won Jae Huh
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stella G Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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5
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Rashbrook VS, Brash JT, Ruhrberg C. Cre toxicity in mouse models of cardiovascular physiology and disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:806-816. [PMID: 37692772 PMCID: PMC7615056 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The Cre-LoxP system provides a widely used method for studying gene requirements in the mouse as the main mammalian genetic model organism. To define the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie cardiovascular development, function and disease, various mouse strains have been engineered that allow Cre-LoxP-mediated gene targeting within specific cell types of the cardiovascular system. Despite the usefulness of this system, evidence is accumulating that Cre activity can have toxic effects in cells, independently of its ability to recombine pairs of engineered LoxP sites in target genes. Here, we have gathered published evidence for Cre toxicity in cells and tissues relevant to cardiovascular biology and provide an overview of mechanisms proposed to underlie Cre toxicity. Based on this knowledge, we propose that each study utilising the Cre-LoxP system to investigate gene function in the cardiovascular system should incorporate appropriate controls to account for Cre toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S. Rashbrook
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - James T. Brash
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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6
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Orzechowska-Licari EJ, LaComb JF, Giarrizzo M, Yang VW, Bialkowska AB. Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64028. [PMID: 35969101 PMCID: PMC9631267 DOI: 10.3791/64028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium consists of a single layer of cells yet contains multiple types of terminally differentiated cells, which are generated by the active proliferation of intestinal stem cells located at the bottom of intestinal crypts. However, during events of acute intestinal injury, these active intestinal stem cells undergo cell death. Gamma irradiation is a widely used colorectal cancer treatment, which, while therapeutically efficacious, has the side effect of depleting the active stem cell pool. Indeed, patients frequently experience gastrointestinal radiation syndrome while undergoing radiotherapy, in part due to active stem cell depletion. The loss of active intestinal stem cells in intestinal crypts activates a pool of typically quiescent reserve intestinal stem cells and induces dedifferentiation of secretory and enterocyte precursor cells. If not for these cells, the intestinal epithelium would lack the ability to recover from radiotherapy and other such major tissue insults. New advances in lineage-tracing technologies allow tracking of the activation, differentiation, and migration of cells during regeneration and have been successfully employed for studying this in the gut. This study aims to depict a method for the analysis of cells within the mouse intestinal epithelium following radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph F LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University
| | - Michael Giarrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University
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7
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Bhave S, Ho WLN, Cheng K, Omer M, Bousquet N, Guyer RA, Hotta R, Goldstein AM. Tamoxifen administration alters gastrointestinal motility in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14357. [PMID: 35279902 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen is widely used for Cre-estrogen receptor-mediated genomic recombination in transgenic mouse models to mark cells for lineage tracing and to study gene function. However, recent studies have highlighted off-target effects of tamoxifen in various tissues and cell types when used for induction of Cre recombination. Despite the widespread use of these transgenic Cre models to assess gastrointestinal (GI) function, the effect of tamoxifen exposure on GI motility has not been described. METHODS We examined the effects of tamoxifen on GI motility by measuring total GI transit, gastric emptying, small intestinal transit, and colonic contractility in wild-type adult mice. KEY RESULTS We observed a significant delay in total GI transit in tamoxifen-treated mice, with unaltered gastric emptying, accelerated small intestinal transit, and abnormal colonic motility. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of considering GI motility alterations induced by tamoxifen when designing protocols that utilize tamoxifen as a Cre-driver for studying GI function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhada Bhave
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wing Lam N Ho
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katarina Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meredith Omer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole Bousquet
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard A Guyer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryo Hotta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Liabeuf D, Oshima M, Stange DE, Sigal M. Stem Cells, Helicobacter pylori, and Mutational Landscape: Utility of Preclinical Models to Understand Carcinogenesis and to Direct Management of Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1067-1087. [PMID: 34942172 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several genetic and environmental factors increase gastric cancer (GC) risk, with Helicobacter pylori being the main environmental agent. GC is thought to emerge through a sequence of morphological changes that have been elucidated on the molecular level. New technologies have shed light onto pathways that are altered in GC, involving mutational and epigenetic changes and altered signaling pathways. Using various new model systems and innovative approaches, the relevance of such alterations for the emergence and progression of GC has been validated. Here, we highlight the key strategies and the resulting achievements. A major step is the characterization of epithelial stem cell behavior in the healthy stomach. These data, obtained through new reporter mouse lines and lineage tracing, enabled insights into the processes that control cellular proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation of gastric stem cells. It has become evident that these cells and pathways are often deregulated in carcinogenesis. Second, insights into how H pylori colonizes gastric glands, directly interacts with stem cells, and alters cellular and genomic integrity, as well as the characterization of tissue responses to infection, provide a comprehensive picture of how this bacterium contributes to gastric carcinogenesis. Third, the development of stem cell- and tissue-specific reporter mice have driven our understanding of the signals and mutations that promote different types of GC and now also enable the study of more advanced, metastasized stages. Finally, organoids from human tissue have allowed insights into gastric carcinogenesis by validating mutational and signaling alterations in human primary cells and opening a route to predicting responses to personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Liabeuf
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daniel E Stange
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Sáenz JB, Vargas N, Cho CJ, Mills JC. Regulation of the double-stranded RNA response through ADAR1 licenses metaplastic reprogramming in gastric epithelium. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153511. [PMID: 35132959 PMCID: PMC8855806 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells recognize both foreign and host-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) via a signaling pathway that is usually studied in the context of viral infection. It has become increasingly clear that the sensing and handling of endogenous dsRNA is also critical for cellular differentiation and development. The adenosine RNA deaminase, ADAR1, has been implicated as a central regulator of the dsRNA response, but how regulation of the dsRNA response might mediate cell fate during injury and whether such signaling is cell intrinsic remain unclear. Here, we show that the ADAR1-mediated response to dsRNA was dramatically induced in 2 distinct injury models of gastric metaplasia. Mouse organoid and in vivo genetic models showed that ADAR1 coordinated a cell-intrinsic, epithelium-autonomous, and interferon signaling–independent dsRNA response. In addition, dsRNA accumulated within a differentiated epithelial population (chief cells) in mouse and human stomachs as these cells reprogrammed to a proliferative, reparative (metaplastic) state. Finally, chief cells required ADAR1 to reenter the cell cycle during metaplasia. Thus, cell-intrinsic ADAR1 signaling is critical for the induction of metaplasia. Because metaplasia increases cancer risk, these findings support roles for ADAR1 and the response to dsRNA in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José B Sáenz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nancy Vargas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles J Cho
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Immunology; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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10
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Goldenring JR, Mills JC. Cellular Plasticity, Reprogramming, and Regeneration: Metaplasia in the Stomach and Beyond. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:415-430. [PMID: 34728185 PMCID: PMC8792220 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mucosa of the body of the stomach (ie, the gastric corpus) uses 2 overlapping, depth-dependent mechanisms to respond to injury. Superficial injury heals via surface cells with histopathologic changes like foveolar hyperplasia. Deeper, usually chronic, injury/inflammation, most frequently induced by the carcinogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori, elicits glandular histopathologic alterations, initially manifesting as pyloric (also known as pseudopyloric) metaplasia. In this pyloric metaplasia, corpus glands become antrum (pylorus)-like with loss of acid-secreting parietal cells (atrophic gastritis), expansion of foveolar cells, and reprogramming of digestive enzyme-secreting chief cells into deep antral gland-like mucous cells. After acute parietal cell loss, chief cells can reprogram through an orderly stepwise progression (paligenosis) initiated by interleukin-13-secreting innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). First, massive lysosomal activation helps mitigate reactive oxygen species and remove damaged organelles. Second, mucus and wound-healing proteins (eg, TFF2) and other transcriptional alterations are induced, at which point the reprogrammed chief cells are recognized as mucus-secreting spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia cells. In chronic severe injury, glands with pyloric metaplasia can harbor both actively proliferating spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia cells and eventually intestine-like cells. Gastric glands with such lineage confusion (mixed incomplete intestinal metaplasia and proliferative spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia) may be at particular risk for progression to dysplasia and cancer. A pyloric-like pattern of metaplasia after injury also occurs in other gastrointestinal organs including esophagus, pancreas, and intestines, and the paligenosis program itself seems broadly conserved across tissues and species. Here we discuss aspects of metaplasia in stomach, incorporating data derived from animal models and work on human cells and tissues in correlation with diagnostic and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Goldenring
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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11
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Hagen SJ. Mucosal defense: gastroduodenal injury and repair mechanisms. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021; 37:609-614. [PMID: 34475337 PMCID: PMC8511296 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The mucosal barrier serves as a primary interface between the environment and host. In daily life, superficial injury to the gastric or duodenal mucosa occurs regularly but heals rapidly by a process called 'restitution'. Persistent injury to the gastroduodenal mucosa also occurs but initiates a regenerative lesion with specific wound healing mechanisms that attempt to repair barrier function. If not healed, these lesions can be the site of neoplasia development in a chronic inflammatory setting. This review summarizes the past year of advances in understanding mucosal repair in the gastroduodenal mucosa, which occurs as a defense mechanism against injury. RECENT FINDINGS Organoids are an emerging new tool that allows for the correlation of in vivo and in vitro models; organoids represent an important reductionist model to probe specific aspects of injury and repair mechanisms that are limited to epithelial cells. Additionally, proof-of-concept studies show that machine learning algorithms may ultimately assist with identifying novel, targetable pathways to pursue in therapeutic interventions. Gut-on-chip technology and single cell RNA-sequencing contributed to new understanding of gastroduodenal regenerative lesions after injury by identifying networks and interactions that are involved in the repair process. SUMMARY Recent updates provide new possibilities for identifying novel molecular targets for the treatment of acute and superficial mucosal injury, mucosal regeneration, and regenerative lesions in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J. Hagen
- Department of Surgery
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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12
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Matsuo J, Douchi D, Myint K, Mon NN, Yamamura A, Kohu K, Heng DL, Chen S, Mawan NA, Nuttonmanit N, Li Y, Srivastava S, Ho SWT, Lee NYS, Lee HK, Adachi M, Tamura A, Chen J, Yang H, Teh M, So JBY, Yong WP, Tan P, Yeoh KG, Chuang LSH, Tsukita S, Ito Y. Iqgap3-Ras axis drives stem cell proliferation in the stomach corpus during homoeostasis and repair. Gut 2021; 70:1833-1846. [PMID: 33293280 PMCID: PMC8458072 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue stem cells are central regulators of organ homoeostasis. We looked for a protein that is exclusively expressed and functionally involved in stem cell activity in rapidly proliferating isthmus stem cells in the stomach corpus. DESIGN We uncovered the specific expression of Iqgap3 in proliferating isthmus stem cells through immunofluorescence and in situ hybridisation. We performed lineage tracing and transcriptomic analysis of Iqgap3 +isthmus stem cells with the Iqgap3-2A-tdTomato mouse model. Depletion of Iqgap3 revealed its functional importance in maintenance and proliferation of stem cells. We further studied Iqgap3 expression and the associated gene expression changes during tissue repair after tamoxifen-induced damage. Immunohistochemistry revealed elevated expression of Iqgap3 in proliferating regions of gastric tumours from patient samples. RESULTS Iqgap3 is a highly specific marker of proliferating isthmus stem cells during homoeostasis. Iqgap3+isthmus stem cells give rise to major cell types of the corpus unit. Iqgap3 expression is essential for the maintenance of stem potential. The Ras pathway is a critical partner of Iqgap3 in promoting strong proliferation in isthmus stem cells. The robust induction of Iqgap3 expression following tissue damage indicates an active role for Iqgap3 in tissue regeneration. CONCLUSION IQGAP3 is a major regulator of stomach epithelial tissue homoeostasis and repair. The upregulation of IQGAP3 in gastric cancer suggests that IQGAP3 plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Matsuo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daisuke Douchi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Khine Myint
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Naing Naing Mon
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akihiro Yamamura
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kohu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dede Liana Heng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabirah Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Astiana Mawan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Napat Nuttonmanit
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shamaine Wei Ting Ho
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Nicole Yee Shin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Hong Kai Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Makoto Adachi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan,Strategic Innovation and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Teh
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jimmy Bok-Yan So
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Peng Yong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Strategic Innovation and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan .,Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Wyatt KD, Sakamoto K, Watford WT. Tamoxifen administration induces histopathologic changes within the lungs of Cre-recombinase-negative mice: A case report. Lab Anim 2021; 56:297-303. [PMID: 34551640 DOI: 10.1177/00236772211042968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is commonly used as a cancer treatment in humans and for inducing genetic alterations using Cre-lox mouse models in the research setting. However, the extent of tamoxifen off-target effects in animal research is underappreciated. Here, we report significant changes in cellular infiltration in Cre-recombinase-negative mice treated with tamoxifen intraperitoneally. These changes were noted in the lungs, which were characterized by the presence of alveolitis, vasculitis, and pleuritis. Despite significant immunological changes in response to tamoxifen treatment, clinical symptoms were not observed. This study provides a cautionary note that tamoxifen treatment alone leads to histologic alterations that may obscure research interpretations and further highlights the need for the development of alternative mouse models for inducible Cre-mediated deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara D Wyatt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, USA
| | | | - Wendy T Watford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, USA
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14
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Kiourtis C, Wilczynska A, Nixon C, Clark W, May S, Bird TG. Specificity and off-target effects of AAV8-TBG viral vectors for the manipulation of hepatocellular gene expression in mice. Biol Open 2021; 10:271899. [PMID: 34435198 PMCID: PMC8487635 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice are a widely used pre-clinical model system in large part due to their potential for genetic manipulation. The ability to manipulate gene expression in specific cells under temporal control is a powerful experimental tool. The liver is central to metabolic homeostasis and a site of many diseases, making the targeting of hepatocytes attractive. Adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) vectors are valuable instruments for the manipulation of hepatocellular gene expression. However, their off-target effects in mice have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we sought to identify the short-term off-target effects of AAV8 administration in mice. To do this, we injected C57BL/6J wild-type mice with either recombinant AAV8 vectors expressing Cre recombinase or control AAV8 vectors and characterised the changes in general health and in liver physiology, histology and transcriptomics compared to uninjected controls. We observed an acute and transient trend for reduction in homeostatic liver proliferation together with induction of the DNA damage marker γH2AX following AAV8 administration. The latter was enhanced upon Cre recombinase expression by the vector. Furthermore, we observed transcriptional changes in genes involved in circadian rhythm and response to infection. Notably, there were no additional transcriptomic changes upon expression of Cre recombinase by the AAV8 vector. Overall, there was no evidence of liver injury, and only mild T-cell infiltration was observed 14 days following AAV8 infection. These data advance the technique of hepatocellular genome editing through Cre-Lox recombination using Cre expressing AAV vectors, demonstrating their minimal effects on murine physiology and highlight the more subtle off target effects of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Kiourtis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ania Wilczynska
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - William Clark
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Stephanie May
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Thomas G Bird
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.,MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH164TJ, UK
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15
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Radyk MD, Spatz LB, Peña BL, Brown JW, Burclaff J, Cho CJ, Kefalov Y, Shih C, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Mills JC. ATF3 induces RAB7 to govern autodegradation in paligenosis, a conserved cell plasticity program. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51806. [PMID: 34309175 PMCID: PMC8419698 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated cells across multiple species and organs can re-enter the cell cycle to aid in injury-induced tissue regeneration by a cellular program called paligenosis. Here, we show that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is induced early during paligenosis in multiple cellular contexts, transcriptionally activating the lysosomal trafficking gene Rab7b. ATF3 and RAB7B are upregulated in gastric and pancreatic digestive-enzyme-secreting cells at the onset of paligenosis Stage 1, when cells massively induce autophagic and lysosomal machinery to dismantle differentiated cell morphological features. Their expression later ebbs before cells enter mitosis during Stage 3. Atf3-/- mice fail to induce RAB7-positive autophagic and lysosomal vesicles, eventually causing increased death of cells en route to Stage 3. Finally, we observe that ATF3 is expressed in human gastric metaplasia and during paligenotic injury across multiple other organs and species. Thus, our findings indicate ATF3 is an evolutionarily conserved gene orchestrating the early paligenotic autodegradative events that must occur before cells are poised to proliferate and contribute to tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Radyk
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Lillian B Spatz
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Bianca L Peña
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Charles J Cho
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Yan Kefalov
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Chien‐Cheng Shih
- Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - James AJ Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology & PhysiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Developmental BiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Present address:
Section of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartments of Medicine and PathologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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16
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Horita N, Keeley TM, Hibdon ES, Delgado E, Lafkas D, Siebel CW, Samuelson LC. Delta-like 1-Expressing Cells at the Gland Base Promote Proliferation of Gastric Antral Stem Cells in Mouse. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:275-287. [PMID: 34438113 PMCID: PMC8599166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Notch pathway signaling maintains gastric epithelial cell homeostasis by regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. We previously identified NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 as the key Notch receptors controlling gastric stem cell function. Here, we identify the niche cells and critical Notch ligand responsible for regulating stem cell proliferation in the distal mouse stomach. METHODS Expression of Notch ligands in the gastric antrum was determined by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and cellular localization was determined by in situ hybridization and immunostaining. The contribution of specific Notch ligands to regulate epithelial cell proliferation in adult mice was determined by inducible gene deletion, or by pharmacologic inhibition using antibodies directed against specific Notch ligands. Mouse gastric organoid cultures were used to confirm that Notch ligand signaling was epithelial specific. RESULTS Delta-like 1 (DLL1) and Jagged 1 (JAG1) were the most abundantly expressed Notch ligands in the adult mouse stomach, with DLL1 restricted to the antral gland base and JAG1 localized to the upper gland region. Inhibition of DLL1 alone or in combination with other Notch ligands significantly reduced epithelial cell proliferation and the growth of gastric antral organoids, while inhibition of the other Notch ligands, DLL4, JAG1, and JAG2, did not affect proliferation or organoid growth. Similarly, DLL1, and not DLL4, regulated proliferation of LGR5+ antral stem cells, which express the NOTCH1 receptor. CONCLUSIONS DLL1 is the key Notch ligand regulating epithelial cell proliferation in the gastric antrum. We propose that DLL1-expressing cells at the gland base are Notch niche cells that signal to adjacent LGR5+ antral stem cells to regulate stem cell proliferation and epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukatsu Horita
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elise S Hibdon
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth Delgado
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel Lafkas
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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17
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Hayakawa Y, Nakagawa H, Rustgi AK, Que J, Wang TC. Stem cells and origins of cancer in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1343-1361. [PMID: 34129814 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The esophagus and stomach, joined by a unique transitional zone, contain actively dividing epithelial stem cells required for organ homeostasis. Upon prolonged inflammation, epithelial cells in both organs can undergo a cell fate switch leading to intestinal metaplasia, predisposing to malignancy. Here we discuss the biology of gastroesophageal stem cells and their role as cells of origin in cancer. We summarize the interactions between the stromal niche and gastroesophageal stem cells in metaplasia and early expansion of mutated stem-cell-derived clones during carcinogenesis. Finally, we review new approaches under development to better study gastroesophageal stem cells and advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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18
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Lindner L, Cayrou P, Rosahl TW, Zhou HH, Birling MC, Herault Y, Pavlovic G. Droplet digital PCR or quantitative PCR for in-depth genomic and functional validation of genetically altered rodents. Methods 2021; 191:107-119. [PMID: 33838271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene targeting and additive (random) transgenesis have proven to be powerful technologies with which to decipher the mammalian genome. With the advent of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, the ability to inactivate or modify the function of a gene has become even more accessible. However, the impact of each generated modification may be different from what was initially desired. Minimal validation of mutant alleles from genetically altered (GA) rodents remains essential to guarantee the interpretation of experimental results. The protocol described here combines design strategies for genomic and functional validation of genetically modified alleles with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) or quantitative PCR (qPCR) for target DNA or mRNA quantification. In-depth analysis of the results obtained with GA models through the analysis of target DNA and mRNA quantification is also provided, to evaluate which pitfalls can be detected using these two methods, and we propose recommendations for the characterization of different type of mutant allele (knock-out, knock-in, conditional knock-out, FLEx, IKMC model or transgenic). Our results also highlight the possibility that mRNA expression of any mutated allele can be different from what might be expected in theory or according to common assumptions. For example, mRNA analyses on knock-out lines showed that nonsense-mediated mRNA decay is generally not achieved with a critical-exon approach. Likewise, comparison of multiple conditional lines crossed with the same CreERT2 deleter showed that the inactivation outcome was very different for each conditional model. DNA quantification by ddPCR of G0 to G2 generations of transgenic rodents generated by pronuclear injection showed an unexpected variability, demonstrating that G1 generation rodents cannot be considered as established lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Lindner
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Strasbourg 67404, France
| | - Pauline Cayrou
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Strasbourg 67404, France
| | - Thomas W Rosahl
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Heather H Zhou
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Strasbourg 67404, France
| | - Yann Herault
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Strasbourg 67404, France
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Strasbourg 67404, France.
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19
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Abstract
Quiescence is a cellular state in which a cell remains out of the cell cycle but retains the capacity to divide. The unique ability of adult stem cells to maintain quiescence is crucial for life-long tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity. Quiescence has long been viewed as an inactive state but recent studies have shown that it is in fact an actively regulated process and that adult stem cells are highly reactive to extrinsic stimuli. This has fuelled hopes of boosting the reactivation potential of adult stem cells to improve tissue function during ageing. In this Review, we provide a perspective of the quiescent state and discuss how quiescent adult stem cells transition into the cell cycle. We also discuss current challenges in the field, highlighting recent technical advances that could help overcome some of these challenges. Summary: This Review provides a perspective of the quiescent state of adult stem cells and discusses how recent technical advances could help overcome some of the challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Urbán
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tom H Cheung
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China .,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
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20
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Orzechowska EJ, Katano T, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. Interplay among p21 Waf1/Cip1, MUSASHI-1 and Krüppel-like factor 4 in activation of Bmi1-Cre ER reserve intestinal stem cells after gamma radiation-induced injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18300. [PMID: 33110120 PMCID: PMC7591575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma radiation is a commonly used adjuvant treatment for abdominally localized cancer. Since its therapeutic potential is limited due to gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome, elucidation of the regenerative response following radiation-induced gut injury is needed to develop a preventive treatment. Previously, we showed that Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) activates certain quiescent intestinal stem cells (ISCs) marked by Bmi1-CreER to give rise to regenerating crypts following γ irradiation. In the current study, we showed that γ radiation-induced expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 in Bmi1-CreER cells is likely mitigated by MUSASHI-1 (MSI1) acting as a negative regulator of p21Waf1/Cip1 mRNA translation, which promotes exit of the Bmi1-CreER cells from a quiescent state. Additionally, Bmi1-specific Klf4 deletion resulted in decreased numbers of MSI1+ cells in regenerating crypts compared to those of control mice. We showed that KLF4 binds to the Msi1 promoter and activates its expression in vitro. Since MSI1 has been shown to be crucial for crypt regeneration, this finding elucidates a pro-proliferative role of KLF4 during the postirradiation regenerative response. Taken together, our data suggest that the interplay among p21Waf1/Cip1, MSI1 and KLF4 regulates Bmi1-CreER cell survival, exit from quiescence and regenerative potential upon γ radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia J Orzechowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Takahito Katano
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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21
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Zhang Y, Zeng F, Han X, Weng J, Gao Y. Lineage tracing: technology tool for exploring the development, regeneration, and disease of the digestive system. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 33059752 PMCID: PMC7559019 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage tracing is the most widely used technique to track the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of specific cells in vivo. The currently available gene-targeting technologies have been developing for decades to study organogenesis, tissue injury repairing, and tumor progression by tracing the fates of individual cells. Recently, lineage tracing has expanded the platforms available for disease model establishment, drug screening, cell plasticity research, and personalized medicine development in a molecular and cellular biology perspective. Lineage tracing provides new views for exploring digestive organ development and regeneration and techniques for digestive disease causes and progression. This review focuses on the lineage tracing technology and its application in digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanhong Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Weng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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De Koninck M, Lapi E, Badía-Careaga C, Cossío I, Giménez-Llorente D, Rodríguez-Corsino M, Andrada E, Hidalgo A, Manzanares M, Real FX, Losada A. Essential Roles of Cohesin STAG2 in Mouse Embryonic Development and Adult Tissue Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108014. [PMID: 32783938 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesin mediates sister chromatid cohesion and 3D genome folding. Two versions of the complex carrying STAG1 or STAG2 coexist in somatic vertebrate cells. STAG2 is commonly mutated in cancer, and germline mutations have been identified in cohesinopathy patients. To better understand the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, we report the consequences of Stag2 ablation in mice. STAG2 is largely dispensable in adults, and its tissue-wide inactivation does not lead to tumors but reduces fitness and affects both hematopoiesis and intestinal homeostasis. STAG2 is also dispensable for murine embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. In contrast, Stag2-null embryos die by mid-gestation and show global developmental delay and defective heart morphogenesis, most prominently in structures derived from secondary heart field progenitors. Both decreased proliferation and altered transcription of tissue-specific genes contribute to these defects. Our results provide compelling evidence on cell- and tissue-specific roles of different cohesin complexes and how their dysfunction contributes to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali De Koninck
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Lapi
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Itziar Cossío
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Giménez-Llorente
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Corsino
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Andrada
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Manzanares
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Losada
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Miao ZF, Lewis MA, Cho CJ, Adkins-Threats M, Park D, Brown JW, Sun JX, Burclaff JR, Kennedy S, Lu J, Mahar M, Vietor I, Huber LA, Davidson NO, Cavalli V, Rubin DC, Wang ZN, Mills JC. A Dedicated Evolutionarily Conserved Molecular Network Licenses Differentiated Cells to Return to the Cell Cycle. Dev Cell 2020; 55:178-194.e7. [PMID: 32768422 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated cells can re-enter the cell cycle to repair tissue damage via a series of discrete morphological and molecular stages coordinated by the cellular energetics regulator mTORC1. We previously proposed the term "paligenosis" to describe this conserved cellular regeneration program. Here, we detail a molecular network regulating mTORC1 during paligenosis in both mouse pancreatic acinar and gastric chief cells. DDIT4 initially suppresses mTORC1 to induce autodegradation of differentiated cell components and damaged organelles. Later in paligenosis, IFRD1 suppresses p53 accumulation. Ifrd1-/- cells do not complete paligenosis because persistent p53 prevents mTORC1 reactivation and cell proliferation. Ddit4-/- cells never suppress mTORC1 and bypass the IFRD1 checkpoint on proliferation. Previous reports and our current data implicate DDIT4/IFRD1 in governing paligenosis in multiple organs and species. Thus, we propose that an evolutionarily conserved, dedicated molecular network has evolved to allow differentiated cells to re-enter the cell cycle (i.e., undergo paligenosis) after tissue injury. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Mark A Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles J Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mahliyah Adkins-Threats
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dongkook Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jing-Xu Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Joseph R Burclaff
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marcus Mahar
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ilja Vietor
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah C Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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24
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Manning E, Lapierre L, Mills J, Goldenring J. Tamoxifen Acts as a Parietal Cell Protonophore. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:655-657.e1. [PMID: 32361017 PMCID: PMC7474156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E.H. Manning
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - L.A. Lapierre
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - J.C. Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - J.R. Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Correspondence Address correspondence to: James R. Goldenring, MD, PhD, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10435 Medical Research Building IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232. fax: (615) 343-1591.
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25
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Miao ZF, Adkins-Threats M, Burclaff JR, Osaki LH, Sun JX, Kefalov Y, He Z, Wang ZN, Mills JC. A Metformin-Responsive Metabolic Pathway Controls Distinct Steps in Gastric Progenitor Fate Decisions and Maturation. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:910-925.e6. [PMID: 32243780 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism plays important functions in dictating stem cell behaviors, although its role in stomach epithelial homeostasis has not been evaluated in depth. Here, we show that the energy sensor AMP kinase (AMPK) governs gastric epithelial progenitor differentiation. Administering the AMPK activator metformin decreases epithelial progenitor proliferation and increases acid-secreting parietal cells (PCs) in mice and organoids. AMPK activation targets Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), known to govern progenitor proliferation and PC fate choice, and PGC1α, which we show controls PC maturation after their specification. PC-specific deletion of AMPKα or PGC1α causes defective PC maturation, which could not be rescued by metformin. However, metformin treatment still increases KLF4 levels and suppresses progenitor proliferation. Thus, AMPK activates KLF4 in progenitors to reduce self-renewal and promote PC fate, whereas AMPK-PGC1α activation within the PC lineage promotes maturation, providing a potential suggestion for why metformin increases acid secretion and reduces gastric cancer risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mahliyah Adkins-Threats
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph R Burclaff
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luciana H Osaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jing-Xu Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Kefalov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zheng He
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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