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Santi MR, Khodor N, Sekula M, Donatelli D, De Souza GM. Effect of cleaning solution on surface properties of 3D-printed denture materials. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 39233451 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of cleaning solutions on surface properties of 3D-printed resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven different resin materials for denture base and teeth were used in the form of 280 half-disks. Samples were randomly assigned to two cleaning groups (FD, FreshDent; PO, Polydent), with daily 2- or 3-min immersion followed by water storage, repeated for 30 days. Samples were then cleaned in an ultrasonic bath with water and analyzed for surface roughness (Keyence, VHX-7000N) and hardness (Shimadzu, HMV-2 series). The pH of cleaning solutions was analyzed over 5-min and the surface morphology of specimens was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis used two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). RESULTS Surface roughness of base materials was significantly affected (p < 0.001), whereas roughness of teeth materials was not. As for hardness, there was a significant interaction between materials and cleaning solution for both, base (p < 0.001) and teeth (p < 0.001). For teeth materials, PO significantly increased Denture's (Dentca) hardness and decreased that of Rodin's (Pac Dent), while PO significantly increased Rodin's Base (Pac Dent) hardness. The hardness of Flexcera Ultra (Envision Tec), Glidewell (Glidewell), Lucitone (Dentsply Sirona), and NextDent (NextDent) teeth and base materials were not affected by the cleaning solution. Overall, the pH of FD averaged 7.3 and PO averaged 6.6. All the SEM images indicated surface irregularities after immersion in either FD or PO. CONCLUSIONS One-month of storage and cyclic cleaning of 3D- printed resins did not affect surface roughness but had a significant impact on hardness. The cleaning solutions' effect was not homogeneous among materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rodrigues Santi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadima Khodor
- Department of Rehabilitative and Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michael Sekula
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - David Donatelli
- Department of Rehabilitative and Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Grace Mendonça De Souza
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Porojan L, Bejan FR, Tirziu E, Gașpar CM, Moza AC, Gherban MI, Vasiliu RD, Matichescu A. Microbiological Evaluation of Thermoplastic PETG Dental Appliances Related to Surface Characteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2354. [PMID: 39204574 PMCID: PMC11359120 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The adhesion and microbiological behaviour of thermoplastic PETG dental appliance surfaces is governed by roughness parameters. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of alkaline peroxide-based disinfectant in Candida albicans biofilms on thermoplastic PETG, related to artificial ageing and surface characteristics, on multiscale levels. (2) Methods: In the present study, two PETG materials were investigated: Crystal® (Bio Art Dental Equipment, Sao Carlos, Brazil), noted as C, and Duran® (Scheu-Dental GmbH, Iserlohn, Germany)-noted as D. Half of the specimens were thermally cycled (TC), resulting in four sample groups, as follows: C, CTC, D, and DTC. Surface roughness was evaluated on different scale topographies. The biofilms were grown on the surfaces. An alkaline peroxide-based disinfectant was used. Statistical analyses were performed. (3) Results: Related to nanoroughness, there are insignificant differences among materials or related to thermocycling. More irregular surfaces are associated with larger grain sizes. After thermocycling, micro-roughness values increase. Disinfectant activity decreases the amount of biofilm developed on the surfaces, significantly in the two groups, but is not correlated to the material and artificial ageing. (4) Conclusion: The impact of surface roughness (Ra) on biofilm constitution is controlled by different scale topographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Porojan
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (F.R.B.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Flavia Roxana Bejan
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (F.R.B.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Emil Tirziu
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Timișoara, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Romania, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (E.T.); (C.M.G.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Cristina Mirabela Gașpar
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Timișoara, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Romania, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (E.T.); (C.M.G.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Alex Cristian Moza
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Timișoara, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Romania, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (E.T.); (C.M.G.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Mihaela Ionela Gherban
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300569 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Diana Vasiliu
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (F.R.B.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Anamaria Matichescu
- Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
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Elrahim RAA, Shown A, Abdellah M, Abualsaud R, Helal MA. Impact of different chemical denture cleansers on the properties of digitally fabricated denture base resin materials. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:691-699. [PMID: 37767991 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the impact of three different chemical denture cleansers (CDCs) (Corega, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide) on the surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability of 3D-printed, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled, and heat-polymerized denture base material (DBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 420 disc-shaped specimens (10 ± 0.1 × 2 ±0.1 mm) were fabricated using three different construction techniques: three-dimensional (3D) printing (n = 140), CAD-CAM milling (n = 140), and heat-polymerization (n = 140). Sixty specimens (20 of each DBM) were used for baseline (pre-immersion) measurements (T1) for the tested surface properties (hardness [n = 10/material] and roughness [n = 10/material]). The remaining 360 specimens (n = 120/material) were investigated for surface roughness, microhardness, and color change after immersion for 1 year (T2) in distilled water or CDCs (n = 30/solution and n = 10/test). The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey's test at a significance level of less than 0.05. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in the effects of the tested CDCs on the surface roughness, micro-hardness, and color stability of varying DBM specimens (p < 0.05). Corega showed the highest surface roughness and color change in all DBMs while H2O2 resulted in the lowest microhardness for all DBMs. The lowest changes in all tested properties were seen with distilled water followed by chlorhexidine. A significant effect of type of cleanser, denture base material, and the interaction between the two was seen on all measured properties (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The tested CDCs significantly affected the surface properties of all DBMs but at varying degrees. Corega produced the highest negative effect on roughness and color change while H2O2 dramatically affected the microhardness. Prolonged use of CDCs should be cautiously followed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Shown
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Al Mouwasat Hospital, Al Madinah Al Mounawarah, KSA
| | - Mahmoud Abdellah
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Helal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Krishnan CS, Li KC, Tompkins GR, Lyons KM, Cannon RD. Effects of simulated long-term exposure to bottled, neutral pH electrolyzed oxidizing water on the properties of denture base resins. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:267.e1-267.e10. [PMID: 38622046 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture stomatitis can pose serious health risks, especially to older people. Chemical denture cleaning agents must be effective, yet not adversely affect the longevity of removable dentures. Ready-to-use (RTU) neutral pH electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) is an effective biocide against Candida albicans biofilms on denture resins, but the effects of daily disinfection with EOW on the physical and mechanical properties of resins have not been established. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of simulated long-term exposure to RTU EOW on the color, surface characteristics, and flexural strength of denture base resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS Heat-polymerized (HP), 3D printed (3D) and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM)-milled (CC) denture resin specimens (square: 20×20×3.3 mm; beam: 64×10×3.3 mm) were immersed in tap water (TW), RTU EOW (Neutral Anolyte ANK; Envirolyte; EOW), or a commercial denture cleaning tablet solution (Polident 3-Minute; Glaxo SmithKline; PD), mimicking a 5-minute once daily disinfection routine performed up to 3.0 years. Color and surface roughness were recorded (n=3, squares), and changes in color (∆E00) and surface roughness (∆Ra) were calculated. Flexural strength (n=12, beams) and surface hardness (n=18, beams) were measured with a universal testing machine. The fractured surfaces of specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Data were assessed by performing the Shapiro-Wilk or D'Agostino and Pearson normality tests. Two-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test with a post hoc Tukey HSD or Dunn multiple comparisons (α=.05) was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS No significant changes were found in either color or surface roughness for HP, 3D, and CC resins after 1.5-year and 3.0-year immersion in any of the agents (P>.05). The surface hardness of 3D resins reduced by 14% with TW and by 23% with EOW and PD at 3.0 years. The flexural strengths of all 3 resins were unaffected by 3.0-year immersion (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Simulated long-term immersion disinfection with RTU neutral pH EOW did not adversely affect the physical and mechanical properties of HP or CC denture resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Shankar Krishnan
- Doctoral graduate, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kai Chun Li
- Senior Lecturer, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Geoffrey R Tompkins
- Honorary Associate Professor, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karl M Lyons
- Professor, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Professor, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Bento VAA, Sayeg JMC, Rosa CDDRD, Lopes LFDTP, Marques MCS, Pellizzer EP. Efficacy of denture cleansers on Candida albicans adhesion and their effects on the properties of conventional, milled CAD/CAM, and 3D-printed denture bases. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:402. [PMID: 38940942 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the efficacy of denture cleaners on the adhesion of Candida albicans and their effects on the surface, optical, and mechanical properties of resins for conventional, milled, and 3D-printed denture bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 240 resin samples were made, 120 for testing Candida albicans adhesion, optical stabilities (ΔE00), roughness (Ra), hydrophilicity (°), surface free energy (Owens-Wendt) and 120 samples for testing Candida albicans adhesion, surface microhardness (Knoop), flexural strength and modulus of elasticity in a three-point test, in which they were divided into 3 groups of denture resin (n = 40) and subdivided into 5 cleaners of dentures (n = 8). Data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS Denture cleaners with an alkaline solution and dilute acid composition were those that showed the greatest effectiveness in reducing Candida albicans (P < 0.001), however 1% NaOCl significantly affected the properties of the resins (P < 0.05). Denture 3D-printed showed that the surface microhardness was significantly lower for all cleansers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Listerine demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing Candida albicans with minimal effect on denture properties, whereas 1% NaOCl had a significant negative impact on the properties. The mechanical properties were significantly lower in 3D-printed resin than in other resins for all denture cleansers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Denture base materials are being sold to adapt to the CAD/CAM system, increasing the number of users of dentures manufactured with this system. Despite this, there is little investigation into denture cleaners regarding the adhesion capacity of microorganisms and the optical, surface and mechanical properties of dentures, thus requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Augusto Alves Bento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João Mateus Cavalaro Sayeg
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleber Davi Del Rei Daltro Rosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Ferreira de Toledo Piza Lopes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Silva Marques
- Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Echhpal UR, Shah KK, Ahmed N. Effectiveness of Denture Cleansers on Candida albicans Biofilm on Conventionally Fabricated, Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing-Milled, and Rapid-Prototyped Denture Base Resins: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e63290. [PMID: 39070325 PMCID: PMC11283315 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventionally fabricated denture base resins have been used for over 150 years. Newer denture base resins can provide a superior fit and may be customized to the patient's characteristics, but the literature on their cleansibility remains limited. The oral cavity can be a hub for thousands of microflora. The maintenance of complete dentures by edentulous patients depends not only on the maintenance of the patient but also on the material used, biofilm adherence, and polishability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cuboid specimens of 10 × 5 × 2 mm were designed using the Meshmixer version 3.5 software (Meshmixer, Australia). The standard tessellation (STL) file was imported and sent for printing (NextDent, Netherlands) (Group 1), milling in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (Ivotion, Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein) (Group 2), and wax milling (Upcera, China), followed by flasking, counter flasking, and packing using heat-cured acrylic resin (DPI, India) (Group 3). The obtained specimens were polished using pumice and sterilized using a UV sterilization unit. The specimens were then immersed in a suspension of candida broth. After three days of biofilm formation, a colony count was performed and noted as colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Specimens were treated using Secure denture cleansing tablets (Ghent, New York), table salt (iodized table salt, Tata, India), Clinsodent (ICPA, Mumbai, India), and Polident denture cleansing powder (Polident, Ontario, Canada). A colony count was done after treatment, and the data were tabulated. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software to compare the efficiency of denture cleansers in all three groups, and statistical significance was set at 0.05. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was done to confirm the normality of the data, followed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test to compare the efficiency of denture cleansers on the removal of candida colonies. RESULTS Milled denture base resins showed a significantly lower colony count when compared to printed and conventionally fabricated denture base resins. The denture cleansers showed high efficacy in all groups, with the most significant being Secure, which showed a mean difference ranging from 8.114 to 9.887 CFU/mL, followed by Clinsodent, showing a mean of 6.699-9.863 CFU/mL, followed closely by Polident, showing 4.964-7.114 CFU/mL, followed by table salt, being 5.254-8.920 CFU/mL. The 95% confidence interval confirmed statistical significance. CONCLUSION The highest candida colony count was demonstrated by the conventional, followed by rapid prototyping, and was least with milled denture base resins. Following treatment with denture cleansers, Secure demonstrated almost complete eradication of colonies, making it the most effective option. Salt exhibited the lowest efficiency, followed closely by Polident and Clinsodent, and the most effective was Secure denture cleanser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi R Echhpal
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Khushali K Shah
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Nabeel Ahmed
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Gad MM, Khattar A, Alramadan DM, Al Dawood ZH, Al Shehab SS, Al Zaher RH, Alzain LO, Khan SQ, Abdelfattah MY. Nanoparticle-Modified 3D-Printed Denture Base Resins: Influence of Denture Cleansers on the Color Stability and Surface Roughness In Vitro. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:891. [PMID: 38786847 PMCID: PMC11124355 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of denture cleansers on the color, stability, and surface roughness of three-dimensional (3D)-printed denture base resins modified with zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2). A total of 440 specimens were fabricated using one heat-polymerized resin, and two 3D-printed resins (NextDent and ASIGA). According to the nano-ZrO2 content, the specimens for each resin were divided into five groups (0%, 0.5%wt, 1%wt, 3%wt, and 5%wt). Each concentration was divided into four subgroups (n = 10) based on the immersion solution (distilled water, sodium hypochlorite, Corega, and Fittydent) and immersion duration (360 and 720 days). The color changes (∆E00) and surface roughness (Ra, µm) of each specimen were measured at different time intervals (base line, 360 days, 720 days) using a spectrophotometer and a non-contact profilometer, respectively. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Sodium hypochlorite showed the highest significant color change of all the denture base resins (p < 0.001). The average value of ΔE00 for sodium hypochlorite was significantly higher than the values for the other solutions (Fittydent, Corega, and water) (p < 0.001). Color stability was significantly affected by immersion time for all types of solutions except Corega (p < 0.001). All of the tested immersion solutions (distilled water, sodium hypochlorite, Corega, and Fittydent) showed a significant increase in the surface roughness of all the denture base resins (p < 0.05). Surface roughness was substantially increased by immersion time for all types of solution except Fittydent (p < 0.001). Denture cleansers can result in substantial color change and affect the surface roughness of unmodified and nanoparticle-modified denture base resins. Therefore, the selection of denture cleanser and appropriate types of material is critical for denture longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Khattar
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.); (D.M.A.); (Z.H.A.D.); (S.S.A.S.); (R.H.A.Z.); (L.O.A.)
| | - Doha M. Alramadan
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.); (D.M.A.); (Z.H.A.D.); (S.S.A.S.); (R.H.A.Z.); (L.O.A.)
| | - Zainab H. Al Dawood
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.); (D.M.A.); (Z.H.A.D.); (S.S.A.S.); (R.H.A.Z.); (L.O.A.)
| | - Sujood S. Al Shehab
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.); (D.M.A.); (Z.H.A.D.); (S.S.A.S.); (R.H.A.Z.); (L.O.A.)
| | - Rabab H. Al Zaher
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.); (D.M.A.); (Z.H.A.D.); (S.S.A.S.); (R.H.A.Z.); (L.O.A.)
| | - Layal Osama Alzain
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.); (D.M.A.); (Z.H.A.D.); (S.S.A.S.); (R.H.A.Z.); (L.O.A.)
| | - Soban Q. Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Y. Abdelfattah
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, P.O. Box 31512, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
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8
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Fouda SM, Gad MM, Abualsaud R, Ellakany P, AlRumaih HS, Farooqi FA, Matin A, Al-Eraky DM, Al-Qarni FD, Al-Harbi FA. In Vitro Evaluation of Candida albicans Adhesion and Related Surface Properties of CAD/CAM Denture Base Resins. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:579-586. [PMID: 38086425 PMCID: PMC11132779 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1774319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness, contact angle, and adhesion of Candida albicans to computer-aided designing/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and heat-polymerized (HP) denture base materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens were allocated to six groups based on the composition of studied denture base materials, HP acrylic resin, milled resins (AvaDent and IvoCad), and 3D-printed resins (ASIGA, FormLabs, and NextDent). Ten specimens per group were used for each test (n = 10/test). Surface roughness and contact angles were analyzed using profilometer and goniometer, respectively. Adhesion of C. albicans was counted using colony-forming unit (CFU/mL). Means and standard deviations were calculated, and then one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Correlation of Candida adhesion and surface parameters was determined by using Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was noted in surface roughness between HP, milled, and 3D-printed denture base resins except NextDent, which showed significantly higher roughness in comparison to all other resins (p = 0.001). In terms of contact angle, milled resins had the lowest value, followed by HP, ASIGA, and FormLabs, whereas NextDent showed the highest contact angle (p = 0.001). C. albicans adhesion showed no significant difference between all denture base resins. A positive and significant correlation was found between C. albicans adhesion and contact angle (p = 0.003), while no correlation was reported between C. albicans adhesion and surface roughness (p = 0.523). CONCLUSION Adhesion of C. albicans was similar in all tested specimens. Surface roughness showed no significant difference between all groups except NextDent, which had the highest value. Milled denture base resins had the lowest contact angle among all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad S AlRumaih
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faraz A Farooqi
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Matin
- IRC Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa M Al-Eraky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faisal D Al-Qarni
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Arslan E, Avukat EN, Akay C. The Effect of Aging on Artificial Saliva at Different pH Values on the Color Stability of New Generation Denture Base Materials. Cureus 2024; 16:e55804. [PMID: 38586635 PMCID: PMC10999240 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM New-generation denture base materials are used successfully in denture fabrication; however, the effect of saliva pH change on the color stability of materials is unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate the color stability of new-generation denture base materials after immersion in artificial saliva with different pH values (3,7,14). MATERIAL AND METHODS Disc-shaped samples (Ø 10 mm x 2 mm) were prepared from three different denture base materials (1 pre-polymerized polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA], 1 graphene-reinforced PMMA, and heat-cure polymethyl methacrylate resin) (n=10). After polishing, color coordinates were measured using a PCE-CSM 5 colorimeter programmed in the CIE system (L* a* b*). The samples were kept in artificial saliva at different pH values and 37°C for 21 days. At the end of 21 days, color coordinates were measured again. The suitability of the measurements for a normal distribution was examined with the Kolmogro-Smirnov test. Whether color measurements obtained at different pH levels differed according to groups was examined with the Kruskal-Wallis test. The correlation between the CIEDE2000 and CIELab color difference formulas was examined by correlation analysis. RESULTS The highest color difference occurred in heat-cure samples at pH 3 (p<0.001). The color difference at different pH values was least observed in pre-polymerized PMMA samples. Significant color differences occurred in the graphene-reinforced pre-polymerized PMMA group at pH 7 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS It was observed that color differences occurred in all groups. Dentures made of new-generation CAD/CAM PMMA, which are less exposed to color differences, can be recommended for elderly patients with systemic diseases who are frequently exposed to pH changes in the oral cavity. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Color differences on denture surfaces over time negatively affect aesthetics. Since pH changes cause changes on the prosthesis surface, it may be recommended for these patients to fabricate dentures from new-generation CAD/CAM PMMA resins, which are less deformable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Arslan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, TUR
| | - Esra Nur Avukat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, TUR
| | - Canan Akay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, TUR
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10
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Choi SS, Lee JH, Kong H, Park EJ. Biofilm removal effect of diatom complex on 3D printed denture base resin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4034. [PMID: 38369560 PMCID: PMC10874960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
For patients who have difficulty in mechanical cleaning of dental appliances, a denture cleaner that can remove biofilm with dense extracellular polymeric substances is needed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of diatom complex with active micro-locomotion for removing biofilms from 3D printed dentures. The diatom complex, which is made by doping MnO2 nanosheets on diatom biosilica, is mixed with H2O2 to generate fine air bubbles continuously. Denture base resin specimens were 3D printed in a roof shape, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (107 CFU/mL) was cultured on those for biofilm formation. Cleaning solutions of phosphate-buffered saline (negative control, NC), 3% H2O2 with peracetic acid (positive control, PC), denture cleanser tablet (DCT), 3% H2O2 with 2 mg/mL diatom complex M (Melosira, DM), 3% H2O2 with 2 mg/mL diatom complex A (Aulacoseira, DA), and DCT with 2 mg/mL DM were prepared and applied. To assess the efficacy of biofilm removal quantitatively, absorbance after cleaning was measured. To evaluate the stability of long-term use, surface roughness, ΔE, surface micro-hardness, and flexural strength of the 3D printed dentures were measured before and after cleaning. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS for Windows with one-way ANOVA, followed by Scheffe's test as a post hoc (p < 0.05). The group treated with 3% H2O2 with DA demonstrated the lowest absorbance value, followed by the groups treated with 3% H2O2 with DM, PC, DCT, DCT + DM, and finally NC. As a result of Scheffe's test to evaluate the significance of difference between the mean values of each group, statistically significant differences were shown in all groups based on the NC group. The DA and DM groups showed the largest mean difference though there was no significant difference between the two groups. Regarding the evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of the denture base resin, no statistically significant differences were observed before and after cleaning. In the cytotoxicity test, the relative cell count was over 70%, reflecting an absence of cytotoxicity. The diatom complex utilizing active micro-locomotion has effective biofilm removal ability and has a minimal effect in physical and mechanical properties of the substrate with no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Sil Choi
- Department of Dental Laboratory Technology, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Fotovat F, Abbasi S, Nikanjam S, Alafchi B, Baghiat M. Effects of various disinfectants on surface roughness and color stability of thermoset and 3D-printed acrylic resin. Eur J Transl Myol 2024; 34:11701. [PMID: 38247390 PMCID: PMC11017172 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.11701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Denture cleansers are extensively utilized to inhibit the colonization of various Candida species. Currently, additive technology in denture fabrication has become more prevalent. This study aims to assess the impact of disinfectants on the surface roughness and color stability of distinct denture bases. Disc-shaped samples (N=66) were exposed to three different disinfectants: 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% hydrogen peroxide, and 2% chlorhexidine. The samples underwent evaluation via spectrophotometry and profilometry, respectively. Data analysis was conducted utilizing analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05). Within the heat-cured group, sodium hypochlorite resulted in the most notable change in surface roughness (0.2 μm), while chlorhexidine exhibited the least impact (0.001 μm), showing a significant difference (p <0.008). The color change (ΔE) for 3D-printed samples immersed in all disinfectants was higher compared to heat-cured samples. Among the heat-cured samples, chlorhexidine induced the highest ΔE (2.76), while sodium hypochlorite resulted in the lowest (ΔE = 1.44), and this difference was statistically significant (p <0.008). Chlorhexidine caused the most significant color alteration among the solutions, while sodium hypochlorite induced the most considerable changes in surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Fotovat
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan.
| | - Samaneh Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan.
| | - Saeed Nikanjam
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan.
| | - Behnaz Alafchi
- Modeling of noncommunicable diseases research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan.
| | - Mandana Baghiat
- School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan.
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12
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Balhaddad AA, Alharamlah F, Aldossary A, Almutairi W, Alshehri T, Melo MAS, Al-Zain AO, Ismail EH. Impact of combining dental composite brushes with modeling resins on the color stability and topographic features of composites. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2024; 22:22808000241272487. [PMID: 39212217 DOI: 10.1177/22808000241272487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the effect of using dental brushes with or without metacrylate-based modeling resins on long-term color stability and surface topographies of resin-based composites. This study examined the effects of two variables: (1) the type of brush used (Art brush, Micro-brush, or Mylar strip) and (2) the application of a modeling resin (applied or not applied). The specimens were artificially aged through 10,000 cycles of thermocycling and subsequently immersed in coffee for 30 days. Measurements of color and surface roughness were taken at baseline and after the aging, using a non-contact profilometer for surface roughness and a spectrophotometer for color. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Resin-based composites smoothed with dental brushes or micro brushes without modeling resins exhibited lower color change (ΔE) than other groups. Paired t-tests revealed significant differences in average surface roughness (Ra) and valley depth (Rv) for each surfacing technique before and after aging (p ⩽ 0.01). The root means square average of the profile heights (Rq) significantly increased in the control and micro-brush groups (p ⩽ 0.01). In conclusion, the use of brushes in resin-based composites placement does not increase the susceptibility to staining. Instead, the inclusion of resin modeling contributes to discoloration over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alharamlah
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanoof Aldossary
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan Almutairi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alshehri
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Afnan O Al-Zain
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman H Ismail
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Kalyoncuoğlu ÜT, Atik E. Impact of effervescent denture cleaning tablets on color and surface characteristics of additively manufactured and hand-cast splint materials. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:54. [PMID: 38157078 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is to evaluate the color stability, surface roughness, and hardness of additively manufactured and hand-cast splint materials after a 6-month commercially available denture cleaning tablet immersion simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disc-shaped additively manufactured and hand-cast auto polymerizing acrylic resin specimens were prepared (N = 40 each). All specimens were exposed to coffee solution totally 2 days. Thereafter, all specimens were immersed into three different effervescent solutions that simulated 6 months of clinical use. The total color change (ΔE*ab), surface roughness (Ra), and Vickers hardness (Vh) were measured at baseline and after immersion protocols. A two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used for color change. The dependent t-test and ANOVA were used for roughness and hardness evaluation. RESULTS Additively manufactured splint materials were more affected by coffee immersion. It was observed that all denture cleaning tablets induced a noticeable alteration in color of the specimens (p < 0.05). Roughness and hardness measurement changes after solution immersions were statistically significant for both splint groups (p < 0.05). On the other hand, distilled water and denture cleaning tablets created similar roughness and hardness measurements at baseline and after immersion. CONCLUSIONS After 6 months use of tested cleaning tables, the color stability, surface roughness, and hardness of both groups were affected. The evaluation of the surface properties of splint materials could be recommended to the dentists in periodic controls during splint treatments. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use effervescent denture cleaning tablets altered the surface characteristics of tested splint materials over time with nonsignificant difference between each other. After 6 months, awareness should be raised about surface characteristics of splint materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülkü Tuğba Kalyoncuoğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gülhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Science, 06018 Emrah Mah., Etlik, Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ezgi Atik
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, 06230Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Ribeiro AB, Tinelli BM, Clemente LM, Poker BDC, Oliveira VDC, Watanabe E, Silva-Lovato CH. Effect of Hygiene Protocols on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Two 3D-Printed Denture Resins Characterized by Extrinsic Pigmentation as Well as the Mixed Biofilm Formed on the Surface. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1630. [PMID: 37998832 PMCID: PMC10669351 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the effect of hygiene protocols and time on the physical-mechanical properties and colony-forming units (CFU) of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans on 3D-printed denture resins (SmartPrint and Yller) with extrinsic pigmentation compared to conventional resin (CR). The protocols were evaluated: brushing (B), brushing and immersion in water (W), 0.25% sodium hypochlorite (SH), and 0.15% triclosan (T), simulating 0, 1, 3, and 5 years. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measurements, ANOVA (Three-way) and Tukey's post-test, generalized linear model with Bonferroni adjustment, and ANOVA (Two-way) and Tukey's post-test (α = 0.05). The protocols influenced color (p = 0.036) and Knoop hardness (p < 0.001). Surface roughness was influenced by protocols/resin (p < 0.001) and time/resin (p = 0.001), and flexural strength by time/protocols (p = 0.014). C. albicans showed interactions with all factors (p = 0.033). Staphylococcus aureus was affected by protocols (p < 0.001). Streptococcus mutans exhibited no count for SH and T (p < 0.001). Yller resin showed more color changes. The 3D-printed resins displayed lower microhardness, increased roughness, and decreased flexural strength compared to CR with all protocols in a simulated period of 5 years. The indication of printed resins should be restricted to less than 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Barbosa Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (A.B.R.); (B.M.T.); (L.M.C.); (B.d.C.P.); (V.d.C.O.)
| | - Beatriz Marcatto Tinelli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (A.B.R.); (B.M.T.); (L.M.C.); (B.d.C.P.); (V.d.C.O.)
| | - Lorena Mosconi Clemente
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (A.B.R.); (B.M.T.); (L.M.C.); (B.d.C.P.); (V.d.C.O.)
| | - Beatriz de Camargo Poker
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (A.B.R.); (B.M.T.); (L.M.C.); (B.d.C.P.); (V.d.C.O.)
| | - Viviane de Cássia Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (A.B.R.); (B.M.T.); (L.M.C.); (B.d.C.P.); (V.d.C.O.)
| | - Evandro Watanabe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil;
| | - Cláudia Helena Silva-Lovato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (A.B.R.); (B.M.T.); (L.M.C.); (B.d.C.P.); (V.d.C.O.)
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15
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Çakmak G, Asadolahi NW, Schimmel M, Molinero-Mourelle P, Akay C, Donmez MB, Yilmaz B. Effect of coffee thermal cycling on the surface properties and stainability of additively manufactured denture base resins in different layer thicknesses. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 37968565 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect of coffee thermal cycling on surface roughness (Ra), Vickers microhardness (MH), and stainability of denture base resins additively manufactured in different layer thicknesses with those of subtractively manufactured denture base materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty disk-shaped specimens (Ø10×2 mm) were fabricated from two subtractively (Merz M-PM [SM-M] and G-CAM [SM-G]) and three additively (NextDent 3D+ [50 µm, AM-N-50; 100 µm, AM-N-100], FREEPRINT Denture [50 µm, AM-F-50; 100 µm, AM-F-100], and Denturetec [50 µm, AM-S-50; 100 µm, AM-S-100]) manufactured denture base materials (n = 10). Ra measurements were performed before and after polishing by using a non-contact optical profilometer, while MH values and color coordinates were measured after polishing. Specimens were then subjected to 5000 cycles of coffee thermal cycling, all measurements were repeated, and color differences (ΔE00) were calculated. A linear mixed effect model was used to analyze Ra and MH data, while one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze ΔE00 data (α = 0.05). Ra values were further evaluated according to a clinically acceptable threshold of 0.2 µm, while ΔE00 values were evaluated according to perceptibility (1.72 units) and acceptability (4.08 units) thresholds. The interaction between the material type and the time interval affected both Ra and MH (p ≤ 0.001). Tested materials had their highest Ra before polishing (p ≤ 0.029). Before polishing, AM-F-100 had the highest, and SM-M and SM-G had the lowest Ra (p < 0.001). After polishing and after coffee thermal cycling, SM-G mostly had lower Ra than those of other materials (p ≤ 0.036). SM-G mostly had higher MH than that of other materials before and after coffee thermal cycling (p ≤ 0.025). Coffee thermal cycling reduced the MH of SM-M and increased that of AM-S-100 (p ≤ 0.024). AM-N-100 had higher ΔE00 than AM-F, AM-S-100, and SM-G (p ≤ 0.009), while AM-F and SM-G had lower ΔE00 than AM-S-50 and AM-N-50 (p ≤ 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Polishing reduced the surface roughness of all materials, whereas the effect of coffee thermal cycling was nonsignificant. Most of the tested materials had acceptable surface roughness after polishing and after coffee thermal cycling according to the reported threshold. Layer thickness only affected the microhardness of tested additively manufactured resins, which was material-dependent. Subtractively manufactured specimens mostly had high microhardness and that of nonreinforced subtractively manufactured resin decreased after coffee thermal cycling. When reported color thresholds are considered, all materials had acceptable color stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nura Watson Asadolahi
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Molinero-Mourelle
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Canan Akay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA
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16
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Hanno KI, Abdul-Monem MM. Effect of denture cleansers on the physical and mechanical properties of CAD-CAM milled and 3D printed denture base materials: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:798.e1-798.e8. [PMID: 37716896 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Studies on the impact of denture cleansers on the physical and mechanical properties of denture bases designed and constructed by using computer software programs are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to test the effect of a peroxide denture cleanser on the hardness, fracture toughness, water sorption, and solubility of denture base materials manufactured by 3D printing and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milling. MATERIAL AND METHODS The hardness, fracture toughness, water solubility, and sorption of CAD-CAM milled and 3D printed groups (n=40) were evaluated before and after exposure to a denture cleanser. Hardness (n=10) was analyzed with a Vickers hardness testing machine, and fracture toughness (n=20) with the 3-point bend test. After the fracture of specimens, a scanning electron microscope at ×300 was used for fractographic analysis. Water sorption and solubility (n=10) were evaluated before and after immersion in denture cleanser for 6 days to simulate 180 days of immersion. Two-way repeated ANOVA and 2-way ANOVA were used to test normally distributed data, whereas the Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used for data that were not normally distributed (α<.05). RESULTS The Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of both materials decreased after immersion in denture cleansers, with a higher decrease in values for the 3D printed group (P<.001). The denture cleanser had no effect on the water sorption and solubility of either group. CONCLUSIONS Milled specimens had higher hardness values and fracture toughness before and after immersion in the denture cleanser. Denture cleansers resulted in the reduced hardness and fracture toughness of both groups, but the percentage change in the milled group was lower. Denture cleansers had no effect on water sorption or solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenda I Hanno
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Abdul-Monem
- Lecturer, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt; Lecturer, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt
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17
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Li P, Fernandez PK, Spintzyk S, Schmidt F, Yassine J, Beuer F, Unkovskiy A. Effects of layer thickness and build angle on the microbial adhesion of denture base polymers manufactured by digital light processing. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:562-567. [PMID: 36804247 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of printing-layer thickness and build angle on the surface characteristics and microbial adhesion of denture base polymers manufactured by digital light processing (DLP). METHODS Specimens were additively manufactured using DLP. The specimens were printed with different printing-layer thicknesses (25, 50, and 100 μm) and build angles (0°, 45°, and 90°). Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface topography, and the arithmetical mean heights (Sa) were measured. Moreover, the initial Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhesion to the specimens was evaluated using an adhesion test. Finally, two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison tests were conducted. RESULTS The results regarding the Sa values exhibited a statistically significant interaction (F (4, 45) = 90.77, P < 0.0001). The build angle has a significant impact on the surface topography. Furthermore, quantitative results revealed that the printing-layer thickness significantly affected C. albicans adhesion (F (2, 99) = 6.96, P = 0.0015). CONCLUSIONS The surface roughness was significantly affected by the printing-layer thickness and the build angle. Additionally, the surface topography was mainly determined by the build angle. Furthermore, the adhesion of C. albicans to the DLP-printed denture surfaces was significantly affected by the printing-layer thickness but not by the build angle. Consequently, it is critical to decrease the thickness of the printing layer to produce digital dentures with optimal material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Kraemer Fernandez
- Department of Prosthodontics at the Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery with Dental School, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Spintzyk
- Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- ADMiRE Lab - Additive Manufacturing, intelligent Robotics, Sensors and Engineering, School of Engineering and IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jamila Yassine
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Beuer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexey Unkovskiy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Manuschai J, Lomlim L, Ratti P, Kara J, Naorungroj S. In vitro efficacy of synthetic lawsone derivative disinfectant solution on removing dual-species biofilms and effect on acrylic denture surface properties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14832. [PMID: 37684315 PMCID: PMC10491685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms involve in denture stomatitis. This study compared compound 1 to 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), Polident, and distilled water (DW) in biofilms reduction and effect on polymethylmethacrylate acrylic (PMMA) properties. The structure of lawsone (naphthoquinone derivative) was modified by the addition of an alkylnyloxy group to yield compound 1. Dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and S. mutans were developed on PMMA discs. The colony-forming unit count measured the number of residual biofilm cells after exposure to the test agents. PMMA discs were examined for color stability, surface roughness, hardness, and chemical structure after 28 days. At 3 min, compound 1 was less effective than CHX in reducing C. albicans (p = 0.004) and S. mutans (p = 0.034) but more effective than Polident in reducing C. albicans (p = 0.001). At 15 min, no viable cells were detectable for compound 1 and its effectiveness was comparable to CHX (p = 0.365). SEM showed fungal cell surface damages in CHX, compound 1 and Polident groups. Only color change was affected by time (p < 0.001) and type of test agent (p = 0.008), and only CHX reached a clinical perception level. Compound 1 is a promising agent for removing biofilm from the PMMA surface without substantially degrading surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutharat Manuschai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Luelak Lomlim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellent Center (PPBEC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Pichayaporn Ratti
- Department of Dental Public Health, Sirindhorn College of Public Health Yala, Muang Yala, Yala, 95000, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellent Center (PPBEC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Naorungroj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand.
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Falahchai M, Ghavami-Lahiji M, Rasaie V, Amin M, Neshandar Asli H. Comparison of mechanical properties, surface roughness, and color stability of 3D-printed and conventional heat-polymerizing denture base materials. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:266.e1-266.e8. [PMID: 37422420 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Studies on the mechanical, optical, and surface properties of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed denture base materials are scarce, and those available have reported conflicting results. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the mechanical properties, surface roughness, and color stability of 3D-printed and conventional heat-polymerizing denture base materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 34 rectangular specimens (64×10×3.3 mm) were fabricated from each of the conventional (SR Triplex Hot; Ivoclar AG) and 3D-printed (Denta base; Asiga) denture base materials. All specimens underwent coffee thermocycling for 5000 cycles, and half in each group (n=17) were evaluated in terms of color parameters, color change (ΔE00), and surface roughness (Ra) before and after coffee thermocycling. The specimens then underwent a 3-point bend test. The remaining specimens in each group (n=17) underwent impact strength and Vickers hardness testing. Data were analyzed by the paired samples, independent samples, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests (α=.05). RESULTS The color change caused by coffee thermocycling in the 3D-printed group was higher than that in the conventional group (P<.001). Surface roughness significantly increased in both groups after coffee thermocycling (P<.001). The conventional group had higher surface roughness before coffee thermocycling, while the 3D-printed group had higher surface roughness after coffee thermocycling (P<.001). The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and surface hardness in the conventional group were significantly higher than those in the 3D-printed group (P<.001). However, the impact strength of the conventional group was lower than that of the 3D-printed group (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The 3D-printed denture base material showed higher impact strength and surface roughness than the conventional heat-polymerizing acrylic resin. However, flexural strength and modulus, surface hardness, and color stability were lower in the 3D-printed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Falahchai
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrsima Ghavami-Lahiji
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Assistant Professor, Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Vanya Rasaie
- Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Assistant Professor, Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Graduate student, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Neshandar Asli
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Assistant Professor, Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Effect of Denture Disinfectants on the Mechanical Performance of 3D-Printed Denture Base Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051175. [PMID: 36904416 PMCID: PMC10007094 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture care and maintenance are necessary for both denture longevity and underlying tissue health. However, the effects of disinfectants on the strength of 3D-printed denture base resins are unclear. Herein, distilled water (DW), effervescent tablet, and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) immersion solutions were used to investigate the flexural properties and hardness of two 3D-printed resins (NextDent and FormLabs) compared with a heat-polymerized resin. The flexural strength and elastic modulus were investigated using the three-point bending test and Vickers hardness test before (baseline) immersion and 180 days after immersion. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05), and further verified by using electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The flexural strength of all the materials decreased after solution immersion (p < 0.001). The effervescent tablet and NaOCl immersion reduced the flexural strength (p < 0.001), with the lowest values recorded with the NaOCl immersion. The elastic modulus did not significantly differ between the baseline and after the DW immersion (p > 0.05), but significantly decreased after the effervescent tablet and NaOCl immersion (p < 0.001). The hardness significantly decreased after immersion in all the solutions (p < 0.001). The immersion of the heat-polymerized and 3D-printed resins in the DW and disinfectant solutions decreased the flexural properties and hardness.
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