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Liu L, Sun W, Tang X, Zhen D, Guan C, Fu S, Liu J. Chiglitazar attenuates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating multiple pathways in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 593:112337. [PMID: 39098464 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide; however, effective intervention strategies for NAFLD are still unavailable. The present study sought to investigate the efficacy of chiglitazar, a pan-PPAR agonist, in protecting against NAFLD in mice and its underlying molecular mechanism. Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to generate NAFLD and the HFD was continued for an additional 10 weeks in the absence or presence of 5 mg/kg/d or 10 mg/kg/d chiglitazar by gavage. Chiglitazar significantly improved dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, ameliorated hepatic steatosis and reduced liver inflammation and oxidative stress in NAFLD mice. RNA-seq revealed that chiglitazar alleviated HFD-induced NAFLD in mice through multiple pathways, including fatty acid metabolism regulation, insulin signaling pathway, and AMPK signaling pathway. This study demonstrated the potential therapeutic effect of chiglitazar on NAFLD. Chiglitazar ameliorated NAFLD by modulating multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Donghu Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Conghui Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Songbo Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
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Wang D, Wang Y. Identification of protein partners for small molecules reshapes the understanding of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and drug discovery. Life Sci 2024; 356:123031. [PMID: 39226989 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the severe subtype of nonalcoholic fatty diseases (NAFLD) with few options for treatment. Patients with NASH exhibit partial responses to the current therapeutics and adverse effects. Identification of the binding proteins for the drugs is essential to understanding the mechanism and adverse effects of the drugs and fuels the discovery of potent and safe drugs. This paper aims to critically discuss recent advances in covalent and noncovalent approaches for identifying binding proteins that mediate NASH progression, along with an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms by which these targets regulate NASH. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies in the database of PubMed and the American Chemical Society. The search covered articles published from January 1990 to July 2024, using the search terms with keywords such as NASH, benzophenone, diazirine, photo-affinity labeling, thermal protein profiling, CETSA, target identification. KEY FINDINGS The covalent approaches utilize drugs modified with diazirine and benzophenone to covalently crosslink with the target proteins, which facilitates the purification and identification of target proteins. In addition, they map the binding sites in the target proteins. By contrast, noncovalent approaches identify the binding targets of unmodified drugs in the intact cell proteome. The advantages and limitations of both approaches have been compared, along with a comprehensive analysis of recent innovations that further enhance the efficiency and specificity. SIGNIFICANCE The analyses of the applicability of these approaches provide novel tools to delineate NASH pathogenesis and promote drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyi Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, China.
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Zhang H, Zhou XD, Shapiro MD, Lip GYH, Tilg H, Valenti L, Somers VK, Byrne CD, Targher G, Yang W, Viveiros O, Opio CK, Mantzoros CS, Ryan JD, Kok KYY, Jumaev NA, Perera N, Robertson AG, Abu-Abeid A, Misra A, Wong YJ, Ruiz-Úcar E, Ospanov O, Kızılkaya MC, Luo F, Méndez-Sánchez N, Zuluaga M, Lonardo A, Al Momani H, Toro-Huamanchumo CJ, Adams L, Al-Busafi SA, Sharara AI, Chan WK, Abbas SI, Sookoian S, Treeprasertsuk S, Ocama P, Alswat K, Kong APS, Ataya K, Lim-Loo MC, Oviedo RJ, Szepietowski O, Fouad Y, Zhang H, Abdelbaki TN, Katsouras CS, Prasad A, Thaher O, Ali A, Molina GA, Sung KC, Chen QF, Lesmana CRA, Zheng MH. Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990-2021. Metabolism 2024; 160:155999. [PMID: 39151887 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), have become a global health burden in the last three decades. The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) data enables the first insights into the trends and burdens of these metabolic diseases from 1990 to 2021, highlighting regional, temporal and differences by sex. METHODS Global estimates of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths from GBD 2021 were analyzed for common metabolic diseases (T2DM, hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and MASLD). Age-standardized DALYs (mortality) per 100,000 population and annual percentage change (APC) between 1990 and 2021 were estimated for trend analyses. Estimates are reported with uncertainty intervals (UI). RESULTS In 2021, among five common metabolic diseases, hypertension had the greatest burden (226 million [95 % UI: 190-259] DALYs), whilst T2DM (75 million [95 % UI: 63-90] DALYs) conferred much greater disability than MASLD (3.67 million [95 % UI: 2.90-4.61]). The highest absolute burden continues to be found in the most populous countries of the world, particularly India, China, and the United States, whilst the highest relative burden was mostly concentrated in Oceania Island states. The burden of these metabolic diseases has continued to increase over the past three decades but has varied in the rate of increase (1.6-fold to 3-fold increase). The burden of T2DM (0.42 % [95 % UI: 0.34-0.51]) and obesity (0.26 % [95 % UI: 0.17-0.34]) has increased at an accelerated rate, while the rate of increase for the burden of hypertension (-0.30 % [95 % UI: -0.34 to -0.25]) and hypercholesterolemia (-0.33 % [95 % UI: -0.37 to -0.30]) is slowing. There is no significant change in MASLD over time (0.05 % [95 % UI: -0.06 to 0.17]). CONCLUSION In the 21st century, common metabolic diseases are presenting a significant global health challenge. There is a concerning surge in DALYs and mortality associated with these conditions, underscoring the necessity for a coordinated global health initiative to stem the tide of these debilitating diseases and improve population health outcomes worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Zhang
- Department of Medical Record, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Precision Medicine, Biological Resource Center Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, USA
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Wah Yang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Octavio Viveiros
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Hospital Lusiadas Amadora, Amadora, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D Ryan
- Department of Hepatology, RCSI School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Dublin/Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth Yuh Yen Kok
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei-Muara, Brunei
| | | | - Nilanka Perera
- Department of Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Andrew Gerard Robertson
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Abu-Abeid
- Division of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis-CDOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation and Diabetes Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Yu Jun Wong
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Elena Ruiz-Úcar
- Department of Metabolic, Bariatric and Endocrine Surgery, Fuenlabrada University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oral Ospanov
- Surgical Disease and Bariatric Surgery, Astana Medical University, Astana, Aqmola, Kazakhstan
| | - Mehmet Celal Kızılkaya
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Acibadem Atakent University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Mauricio Zuluaga
- Department of Surgery, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Amedeo Lonardo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara (-2023), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Hazem Al Momani
- Weight Management Unit, Royal NMC Hospital, Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Carlos Jesus Toro-Huamanchumo
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru; OBEMET Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Lima, Peru; Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leon Adams
- Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Said A Al-Busafi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ala I Sharara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Imran Abbas
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Iranian Hospital Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Health Science, Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Translational Health Research Center (CENITRES), Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University of College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Khalid Alswat
- Liver Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alice Pik-Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karim Ataya
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Rodolfo J Oviedo
- Nacogdoches Center for Metabolic & Weight Loss Surgery, Nacogdoches Medical Center, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Olivia Szepietowski
- Department of Surgery, Ashford and St Peter's Hospital, Chertsey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Yasser Fouad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tamer N Abdelbaki
- Department of General Surgery, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Christos S Katsouras
- First Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Ioannina and Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Arun Prasad
- Surgical Gastroenterology, Bariatric and Robotic Surgery, Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Omar Thaher
- Department of Surgery, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Herne, NRW, Germany
| | - Arshad Ali
- Metabolic and Bariatric, Fatimah Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qin-Fen Chen
- Medical Care Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Medical Faculty Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Digestive Disease & GI Oncology Center, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Mochtar Riyadi Comprehensive Cancer Center (MRCCC) Siloam Semanggi Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Yang J, Huang LJ, Ren TY, Zeng J, Shi YW, Fan JG. Insight into the therapeutic effects of artesunate in relieving metabolic-associated steatohepatitis from transcriptomic and lipidomics analyses. J Dig Dis 2024. [PMID: 39252399 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Artesunate (ART) is a water-soluble derivative of artemisinin, which has shown anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulating effects. We aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ART in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). METHODS The mice were randomly divided into the control group, high-fat, high-cholesterol diet-induced MASH group, and the MASH treated with ART (30 mg/kg once daily) group. Liver enzymes, lipids, and histological features were compared among groups. The molecular mechanisms were studied by transcriptomic and lipidomics analyses of liver tissues. RESULTS The mice of the MASH group had significantly increased hepatic fat deposition and inflammation in terms of biochemical indicators and pathological manifestations than the control group. The ART-treated group had improved plasma liver enzymes and hepatic cholesterol, especially at week 4 of intervention (p < 0.05). A total of 513 differentially expressed genes and 59 differentially expressed lipids were identified in the MASH group and the MASH+ART group. Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment test showed that ART regulated glycerolipid metabolism pathway and enhanced fatty acid degradation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α acted as a key transcription factor in the treatment of MASH with ART, which was confirmed by cell experiment. CONCLUSIONS ART significantly improved fat deposition and inflammatory manifestations in MASH mice, with potential therapeutic effects. The mechanism of artemisinin treatment for MASH may involve extensive regulation of downstream genes by upstream transcription factors, such as PPAR-α, to restore hepatic lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tian Yi Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wen Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
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Ezhilarasan D, Langeswaran K. Hepatocellular Interactions of Potential Nutraceuticals in the Management of Inflammatory NAFLD. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4112. [PMID: 39238138 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies highlight the potential of natural antioxidants, such as those found in foods and plants, to prevent or treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inflammation is a key factor in the progression from high-fat diet-induced NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Injured liver cells and immune cells release inflammatory cytokines, activating hepatic stellate cells. These cells acquire a profibrogenic phenotype, leading to extracellular matrix accumulation and fibrosis. Persistent fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis. Fatty infiltration, oxidative stress, and inflammation exacerbate fatty liver diseases. Thus, many plant-derived antioxidants, like silymarin, silibinin, curcumin, resveratrol, berberine, and quercetin, have been extensively studied in experimental models and clinical patients with NAFLD. Experimentally, these compounds have shown beneficial effects in reducing lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers by modulating the ERK, NF-κB, AMPKα, and PPARγ pathways. They also help decrease metabolic endotoxemia, intestinal permeability, and gut inflammation. Clinically, silymarin and silibinin have been found to reduce transaminase levels, while resveratrol and curcumin help alleviate inflammation in NAFLD patients. However, these phytocompounds exhibit poor water solubility, leading to low oral bioavailability and hindering their biological efficacy. Additionally, inconclusive clinical results highlight the need for further trials with larger populations, longer durations, and standardized protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Hepatology and Molecular Medicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kulanthaivel Langeswaran
- Department of Biomedical Science, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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Xu X, Nguyen MH, Li J. Chronic Hepatitis B and Steatotic Liver Disease: A Blessing in Disguise? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:1956-1957. [PMID: 38070630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing, Nangjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Tacke F, Horn P, Wai-Sun Wong V, Ratziu V, Bugianesi E, Francque S, Zelber-Sagi S, Valenti L, Roden M, Schick F, Yki-Järvinen H, Gastaldelli A, Vettor R, Frühbeck G, Dicker D. EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). J Hepatol 2024; 81:492-542. [PMID: 38851997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is defined as steatotic liver disease (SLD) in the presence of one or more cardiometabolic risk factor(s) and the absence of harmful alcohol intake. The spectrum of MASLD includes steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH, previously NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and MASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This joint EASL-EASD-EASO guideline provides an update on definitions, prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment for MASLD. Case-finding strategies for MASLD with liver fibrosis, using non-invasive tests, should be applied in individuals with cardiometabolic risk factors, abnormal liver enzymes, and/or radiological signs of hepatic steatosis, particularly in the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) or obesity with additional metabolic risk factor(s). A stepwise approach using blood-based scores (such as FIB-4) and, sequentially, imaging techniques (such as transient elastography) is suitable to rule-out/in advanced fibrosis, which is predictive of liver-related outcomes. In adults with MASLD, lifestyle modification - including weight loss, dietary changes, physical exercise and discouraging alcohol consumption - as well as optimal management of comorbidities - including use of incretin-based therapies (e.g. semaglutide, tirzepatide) for T2D or obesity, if indicated - is advised. Bariatric surgery is also an option in individuals with MASLD and obesity. If locally approved and dependent on the label, adults with non-cirrhotic MASH and significant liver fibrosis (stage ≥2) should be considered for a MASH-targeted treatment with resmetirom, which demonstrated histological effectiveness on steatohepatitis and fibrosis with an acceptable safety and tolerability profile. No MASH-targeted pharmacotherapy can currently be recommended for the cirrhotic stage. Management of MASH-related cirrhosis includes adaptations of metabolic drugs, nutritional counselling, surveillance for portal hypertension and HCC, as well as liver transplantation in decompensated cirrhosis.
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Xuan Y, Wu D, Zhang Q, Yu Z, Yu J, Zhou D. Elevated ALT/AST ratio as a marker for NAFLD risk and severity: insights from a cross-sectional analysis in the United States. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1457598. [PMID: 39253584 PMCID: PMC11381241 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1457598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence and incidence of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasing worldwide, and NAFLD has emerged as a prominent global health concern. The link between serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ratio and NAFLD remains unclear. This study investigated the association between the ALT/AST ratio and NAFLD prevalence, including liver steatosis and fibrosis levels in the population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018, including 4753 participants. Subgroup analyses, stratified by age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), were performed, along with adjusted multivariable logistic regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between ALT/AST levels and the likelihood of NAFLD, liver steatosis, and hepatic fibrosis stage. A generalized additive model examined the non-linear relationship between ALT/AST and the probability of developing NAFLD. Results Among 4753 participants, 1508 (31.73%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. Significant positive correlations between ALT/AST and NAFLD risk were found across all models. In addition, the subgroup analysis by gender, age, and BMI suggested that ALT/AST showed a positive correlation with NAFLD. The ALT/AST ratio was positively correlated with the degree of liver steatosis and liver fibrosis. The correlation between ALT/AST and the incidence of NAFLD showed a non-linear pattern. In women, the non-linear trend is particularly evident, showing an inverted U-shaped curve with an inflection point of 1.302. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the predictive value of ALT/AST for NAFLD was better than that of traditional liver enzyme parameters. Conclusion A higher ALT/AST ratio was independently associated with a significantly higher risk of NAFLD and liver fibrosis within American cohorts. This link is robust among females, children, and adolescents. ALT/AST ratio can be used as a simple and effective noninvasive biomarker to identify individuals with high risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xuan
- Department of Hospital Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingting Wu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Hospital Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Electronic Information School, Zhejiang Business Technology Institute, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongdong Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Wang Y, Zhou J, Yang Q, Li X, Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Liu M, Zhu AJ. Therapeutic siRNA targeting PLIN2 ameliorates steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in steatotic liver disease models. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100635. [PMID: 39187042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. If left untreated, MASLD can progress from simple hepatic steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, which is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. Current treatment options for MASLD remain limited, leaving substantial unmet medical needs for innovative therapeutic approaches. Here, we show that PLIN2, a lipid droplet protein inhibiting hepatic lipolysis, serves as a promising therapeutic target for MASLD. Hepatic PLIN2 levels were markedly elevated in multiple MASLD mouse models induced by diverse nutritional and genetic factors. The liver-specific deletion of Plin2 exhibited significant anti-MASLD effects in these models. To translate this discovery into a therapeutic application, we developed a GalNAc-siRNA conjugate with enhanced stabilization chemistry and validated its potent and sustained efficacy in suppressing Plin2 expression in mouse livers. This siRNA therapeutic, named GalNAc-siPlin2, was shown to be biosafe in mice. Treatment with GalNAc-siPlin2 for 6-8 weeks led to a decrease in hepatic triglyceride levels by approximately 60% in high-fat diet- and obesity-induced MASLD mouse models, accompanied with increased hepatic secretion of VLDL-triglyceride and enhanced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissues. Eight-week treatment with GalNAc-siPlin2 significantly improved hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in high-fat/high fructose-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis models compared to control group. As a proof of concept, we developed a GalNAc-siRNA therapeutic targeting human PLIN2, which effectively suppressed hepatic PLIN2 expression and ameliorated MASLD in humanized PLIN2 knockin mice. Together, our results highlight the potential of GalNAc-siPLIN2 as a candidate MASLD therapeutic for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmeng Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifu Qiu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yansong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking University Chengdu Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Biotechnologies, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Alan Jian Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking University Chengdu Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Biotechnologies, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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10
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He S, Lu S, Yu C, Kuang M, Qiu J, Sheng G, Zou Y. The newly proposed plasma-glycosylated hemoglobin A1c/High-Density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio serves as a simple and practical indicator for screening metabolic associated fatty liver disease: an observational study based on a physical examination population. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:274. [PMID: 39160462 PMCID: PMC11331873 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycotoxicity and lipotoxicity are key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The primary objective of this study is to investigate the association between the newly proposed Plasma-Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio (HbA1c/HDL-C ratio) and the risk of MAFLD. METHODS A study population of 14,251 individuals undergoing health examinations was included. The association between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and MAFLD was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Exploratory analyses were conducted to assess variations in this association across subgroups stratified by gender, age, body mass index (BMI), exercise habits, drinking status, and smoking status. The discriminatory value of the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and its components for screening MAFLD was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS A total of 1,982 (13.91%) subjects were diagnosed with MAFLD. After adjusting for confounding factors, we found a significant positive association between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and MAFLD [odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 1.44]. No significant differences in this association were observed across all subgroups (All P for interaction > 0.05). Furthermore, through RCS analysis, we observed a nonlinear positive correlation between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and MAFLD (P for non-linearity < 0.001), with a potential threshold effect point (approximately 3 for the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio). Beyond this threshold point, the slope of the MAFLD prevalence curve increased rapidly. Additionally, in further ROC analysis, we found that for the identification of MAFLD, the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio was significantly superior to HbA1c and HDL-C, with an area under the curve (AUC) and optimal threshold of 0.81 and 4.08, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the newly proposed HbA1c/HDL-C ratio serves as a simple and practical indicator for assessing MAFLD, exhibiting well-discriminatory performance in screening for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming He
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Song Lu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Changhui Yu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Maobin Kuang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiajun Qiu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Guotai Sheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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11
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Souza M, Diaz I, Al-Sharif L. Liver and cardiovascular outcomes in lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of about 1 million individuals. Hepatol Int 2024:10.1007/s12072-024-10716-z. [PMID: 39117942 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is present in lean people. However, the magnitude of the prognostic hepatic and cardiovascular risk in these patients compared to non-lean counterparts remains unclear. We aimed to investigate this topic, and to explore whether these risks change based on factors related to NAFLD severity. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched for cohort studies (published through April 2024) that evaluated liver and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in lean and non-lean individuals with NAFLD and reported unadjusted or adjusted data. We pooled risk ratios (RRs) or hazard ratios (HRs) using a random-effects modeling and performed subgroup and meta-regressions analyses. RESULTS We identified 22 studies with over 1 million NAFLD patients (13.0% were lean). Lean NAFLD showed a similar risk of liver-related events in unadjusted analysis (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.79-1.49, I2 = 31%), but a higher risk in adjusted analysis (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.17-2.36, I2 = 83%) compared to non-lean NAFLD. Lean NAFLD had a higher risk of liver-related mortality (RR 2.22, 95% CI 1.57-3.15, I2 = 0%; HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.14-4.51, I2 = 0%). For CV outcomes, lean NAFLD had a lower risk of any cardiovascular disease in unadjusted analysis (RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.95, I2 = 88%), but similar risk in adjusted analysis (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.77-1.02, I2 = 78%), and similar risk of cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.71-1.66, I2 = 85%; HR 1.26, 95% CI 0.89-1.78, I2 = 46%) compared to non-lean NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Lean NAFLD patients have worse liver outcomes, but similar CV outcomes compared to non-lean NAFLD patients, highlighting the importance of monitoring both groups closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 255 Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Av, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil.
| | - Ivanna Diaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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12
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Mao X, Zhang X, Kam L, Chien N, Lai R, Cheung KS, Yuen MF, Cheung R, Seto WK, Nguyen MH. Synergistic association of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and metformin on liver and non-liver complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-332481. [PMID: 39122360 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (diabetic MASLD) frequently coexist and worsen liver and non-liver outcomes, but effective pharmacological therapies are limited. We aimed to evaluate the long-term effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) on liver and non-liver outcomes among patients with diabetic MASLD. DESIGN This population-based cohort study retrieved patients with diabetic MASLD from Merative Marketscan Research Databases (April 2013 and December 2021). The active comparator was other glucose-lowering drugs (oGLDs). Primary outcomes were liver complications including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis, as well as non-liver complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-liver cancer. Propensity score matching was applied and Cox regression models were conducted. RESULTS Compared with oGLD, SGLT-2i users had significantly lower risk of HCC (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.93), liver cirrhosis (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.84), CVD (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.85) and CKD (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.70), non-liver cancer (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.86). Compared with patients without metformin and SGLT-2i, a stepwise decreasing risk was observed in users of either metformin or SGLT-2i (HRs 0.76-0.97) and in users of both medications (HRs 0.58-0.79). The lower risk also was shown in liver decompensation, compensated cirrhosis, major CVD, end-stage renal disease and specific common cancers (HRs 0.61-0.84). CONCLUSION In a nationwide cohort, SGLT-2i users were associated with a substantially lower risk of liver and non-liver complications than oGLD users among patients with diabetic MASLD. The risk was further reduced with concomitant metformin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Leslie Kam
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Chien
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Rongtao Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ka-Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ramsey Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
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13
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Sommer-Ballarini M, Nguyen TH, Pletsch-Borba L, Wernicke C, Tacke F, Schwerdtle T, Pellowski D, Machann J, Spranger J, Wirth EK, Mai K. Impact of peripheral thyroid hormone balance on liver fat: insights from the NutriAct trial. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 191:183-191. [PMID: 39049801 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypothyroidism has been proposed as a potential contributor to steatotic liver disease (SLD), but existing data shows conflicting results in euthyroid subjects. Therefore, we investigated the association between thyroid function and intrahepatic lipids (IHLs) during a 36-month randomized controlled trial evaluating a diet known to reduce liver fat. DESIGN 502 eligible subjects (aged 50-80 years, ≥1 risk factor for unhealthy aging) were randomly assigned to either follow a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids, plant protein, and fiber (intervention group, IG), or dietary recommendations of the German Nutrition Society (control group, CG). METHODS Serum levels of thyroid hormones (THs) as well as IHLs, defined via magnetic resonance spectroscopy, were measured within an euthyroid subgroup without significant alcohol consumption at baseline (n = 332) and after 12 months (n = 243). A ratio of T3/T4 was used to assess whole-body deiodinase activity. Estimates of glucose and lipid metabolism were analyzed. RESULTS Only fT3 and T3/T4 ratios showed a significant positive correlation with IHL at baseline. We observed a significant decline in fT3, T3, fT3/fT4 ratio, and T3/T4 ratio in CG and IG after 12 months without significant differences between groups. TSH, fT4, and T4 remained stable. A larger improvement of IHL during dietary intervention was seen in those subjects with a lower decline in T3 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Altered TH balance indicates a possible compensatory upregulation of whole-body TH activity in subjects with increased liver fat. This might be also relevant during the improvement of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sommer-Ballarini
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thu-Huong Nguyen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Pletsch-Borba
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Wernicke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denny Pellowski
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam,14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Katrin Wirth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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14
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Mozaffari S, Aliari M, Emamgholipour S, Hosseini H, Amirkiasar PR, Zare M, Katsiki N, Panahi G, Sahebkar A. The effect of probiotic consumption on lipid profile, glycemic index, inflammatory markers, and liver function in NAFLD patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108780. [PMID: 38968867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND-AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD1) is the most frequent chronic liver disorder worldwide. Currently, no pharmacological treatment has been approved for NAFLD. Probiotics have been suggested as a potential therapy for NAFLD. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of probiotic intake on liver tests, lipids, glycemic parameters and inflammatory markers in NAFLD patients. METHODS We searched electronic databases using related terms. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models. Clinical outcomes were presented as standard mean difference (SMD2) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI3). Publication bias and heterogeneity were evaluated in eligible studies. RESULTS Fifteen randomized clinical trials comprising 899 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Probiotic supplementation improved alanine transaminase [SMD -0.796; 95 % CI (-1.419, -0.172); p = 0.012], Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR4) [SMD -0.596; 95 % CI (-1.071, -0.121); p = 0.01] and insulin levels [SMD -1.10; 95 % CI (-2.121, -0.087); p = 0.03]. No significant effects were observed on fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, aspartate transaminase, lipid profile, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. CONCLUSIONS Probiotic intake may improve insulin sensitivity and alanine transaminase in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Mozaffari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdeyeh Aliari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pedram Rezaei Amirkiasar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Zare
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus.
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Zhang H, Targher G, Byrne CD, Kim SU, Wong VWS, Valenti L, Glickman M, Ponce J, Mantzoros CS, Crespo J, Gronbaek H, Yang W, Eslam M, Wong RJ, Machado MV, Yu ML, Ghanem OM, Okanoue T, Liu JF, Lee YH, Xu XY, Pan Q, Sui M, Lonardo A, Yilmaz Y, Zhu LY, Moreno C, Miele L, Lupsor-Platon M, Zhao L, LaMasters TL, Gish RG, Zhang H, Nedelcu M, Chan WK, Xia MF, Bril F, Shi JP, Datz C, Romeo S, Sun J, Liu D, Sookoian S, Mao YM, Méndez-Sánchez N, Wang XY, Pyrsopoulos NT, Fan JG, Fouad Y, Sun DQ, Giannini C, Chai J, Xia ZF, Jun DW, Li GJ, Treeprasertsuk S, Li YX, Cheung TT, Zhang F, Goh GBB, Furuhashi M, Seto WK, Huang H, Di Sessa A, Li QH, Cholongitas E, Zhang L, Silveira TR, Sebastiani G, Adams LA, Chen W, Qi X, Rankovic I, De Ledinghen V, Lv WJ, Hamaguchi M, Kassir R, Müller-Wieland D, Romero-Gomez M, Xu Y, Xu YC, Chen SY, Kermansaravi M, Kuchay MS, Lefere S, Parmar C, Lip GYH, Liu CJ, Åberg F, Lau G, George J, Sarin SK, Zhou JY, Zheng MH. A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:1178-1201. [PMID: 38878111 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11. METHODS Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members. RESULTS A total of 890 international experts in various fields from 61 countries responded to the survey. We also achieved full coverage of provincial-level administrative regions in China. 77.1% of respondents agreed that MAFLD should be represented in ICD-11 by updating NAFLD, with no significant regional differences (77.3% in Asia and 76.6% in non-Asia, p = 0.819). Over 80% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed with the need to assign specific codes for progressive stages of MAFLD (i.e. steatohepatitis) (92.2%), MAFLD combined with comorbidities (84.1%), or MAFLD subtypes (i.e., lean, overweight/obese, and diabetic) (86.1%). CONCLUSIONS This global survey by a collaborative panel of clinical, coding, health management and policy experts, indicates agreement that MAFLD should be coded in ICD-11. The data serves as a foundation for corresponding adjustments in the ICD-11 revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Zhang
- Department of Medical Record, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton and University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Precision Medicine, Biological Resource Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Myer Glickman
- Health Analysis and Pandemic Insight Division, Office for National Statistics, London, UK
| | - Jaime Ponce
- Department Bariatric Surgery, CHI Memorial Hospital, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Traslational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Henning Gronbaek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Wah Yang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, USA
| | | | - Ming-Lung Yu
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Center of Hepatitis Research, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Omar M Ghanem
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun-Feng Liu
- Department of Medical Records, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiao-Yuan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meili Sui
- Department of Medical Records Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Amedeo Lonardo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena (-2023), Modena, Italy
| | - Yusuf Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Li-Yong Zhu
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, C.U.B. Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca Miele
- Department of Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Lupsor-Platon
- Medical Imaging Department, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology "Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Robert G Gish
- Medical Director, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marius Nedelcu
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, ELSAN, Clinique Bouchard, Marseille, France
| | - Wah Kheong Chan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ming-Feng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fernando Bril
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jun-Ping Shi
- Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Christian Datz
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Medical Record Statistics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Health Science, Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Translational Health Research Center (CENITRES), Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yi-Min Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Child Healthcare Center and Child Nutrition Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yasser Fouad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University Hospitals, Minya, Egypt
| | - Dan-Qin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
- Department of Nephrology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jin Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ze-Feng Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Guo-Jing Li
- Department of Medical Record, West China Hospital Affiliated to Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Ying-Xu Li
- Department of Bariatric Metabolic Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, China
| | - Tan To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital and the University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Department of Microbiota Medicine and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - George Boon-Bee Goh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Qing-Hong Li
- Department of Medical Record, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Evangelos Cholongitas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Themis Reverbel Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pediatria, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Leon A Adams
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Center of Portal Hypertension, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ivan Rankovic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Exeter, Exeter, England, UK
| | - Victor De Ledinghen
- Hepatology Unit, University Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Pessac, and INSERM 1312, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wen-Jie Lv
- Department of Medical Record, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Radwan Kassir
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, The View Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Manuel Romero-Gomez
- UCM Digestive Diseases, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Medical Record, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Cong Xu
- Department of Medical Record, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Yao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohammad Kermansaravi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafi Kuchay
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta the Medicity Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sander Lefere
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chetan Parmar
- Department of General Surgery, Whittington Hospital, London, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Fredrik Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - George Lau
- Humanity and Health Clinical Trial Center, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jing-Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Records, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Collaborating Center for the WHO Family of International Classifications, Beijing, China.
- National Center for Quality Control of Medical Records, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Bouare N, Delwaide J. Interleukin-mediated therapies in liver diseases and comorbidity effects. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:980-989. [PMID: 39086534 PMCID: PMC11287617 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i7.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines like interleukins (ILs) play important roles in inflammation and innate immune. Yang and Zhang carried out an interesting study related to ILs and hepatic diseases. They described the role of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of hepatic disorders. The authors summarized alcohol-related liver disease and virus-induced hepatitis, as far as clinical studies a fortiori carried out on IL-mediated treatments pertaining to these dysfunctions. This editorial contributes to the review by Yang and Zhang titled, "Interleukins in liver disease treatment", and focuses on therapies mediated by ILs in comorbid liver diseases. The documentary search was conducted on recent pertinent literature, primarily using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouhoum Bouare
- Department of Quality, Hygien, Biosafety/Biosecurity and Pharmacovigilence, National Institute of Public Health, Bamako 1771, Mali.
| | - Jean Delwaide
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHULiege, Liege 4000, Belgium
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17
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Sanyal AJ, Bedossa P, Fraessdorf M, Neff GW, Lawitz E, Bugianesi E, Anstee QM, Hussain SA, Newsome PN, Ratziu V, Hosseini-Tabatabaei A, Schattenberg JM, Noureddin M, Alkhouri N, Younes R. A Phase 2 Randomized Trial of Survodutide in MASH and Fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2024; 391:311-319. [PMID: 38847460 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2401755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual agonism of glucagon receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor may be more effective than GLP-1 receptor agonism alone for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). The efficacy and safety of survodutide (a dual agonist of glucagon receptor and GLP-1 receptor) in persons with MASH and liver fibrosis are unclear. METHODS In this 48-week, phase 2 trial, we randomly assigned adults with biopsy-confirmed MASH and fibrosis stage F1 through F3 in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive once-weekly subcutaneous injections of survodutide at a dose of 2.4, 4.8, or 6.0 mg or placebo. The trial had two phases: a 24-week rapid-dose-escalation phase, followed by a 24-week maintenance phase. The primary end point was histologic improvement (reduction) in MASH with no worsening of fibrosis. Secondary end points included a decrease in liver fat content by at least 30% and biopsy-assessed improvement (reduction) in fibrosis by at least one stage. RESULTS A total of 293 randomly assigned participants received at least one dose of survodutide or placebo. Improvement in MASH with no worsening of fibrosis occurred in 47% of the participants in the survodutide 2.4-mg group, 62% of those in the 4.8-mg group, and 43% of those in the 6.0-mg group, as compared with 14% of those in the placebo group (P<0.001 for the quadratic dose-response curve as best-fitting model). A decrease in liver fat content by at least 30% occurred in 63% of the participants in the survodutide 2.4-mg group, 67% of those in the 4.8-mg group, 57% of those in the 6.0-mg group, and 14% of those in the placebo group; improvement in fibrosis by at least one stage occurred in 34%, 36%, 34%, and 22%, respectively. Adverse events that were more frequent with survodutide than with placebo included nausea (66% vs. 23%), diarrhea (49% vs. 23%), and vomiting (41% vs. 4%); serious adverse events occurred in 8% with survodutide and 7% with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Survodutide was superior to placebo with respect to improvement in MASH without worsening of fibrosis, warranting further investigation in phase 3 trials. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim; 1404-0043 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04771273; EudraCT number, 2020-002723-11.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun J Sanyal
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Mandy Fraessdorf
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Guy W Neff
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Eric Lawitz
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Samina Ajaz Hussain
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Philip N Newsome
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Azadeh Hosseini-Tabatabaei
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Naim Alkhouri
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
| | - Ramy Younes
- From the Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (A.J.S.); Liverpat and University of Paris (P.B.), and Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (V.R.) - all in Paris; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (M.F., S.A.H and R.Y.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (J.M.S.), and University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken (J.M.S.) - all in Germany; Covenant Metabolic Specialists, Sarasota, FL (G.W.N.); Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Research Institute, Houston (M.N.), and the Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio (E.L. and N.A.) - all in Texas; the University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.B.); the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, and Newcastle National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (Q.M.A.), the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham (P.N.N.), and the Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London (P.N.N.) - all in the United Kingdom; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (A.H.-T.); and Arizona Liver Health, Chandler (N.A.)
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18
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Tian P, Fu J, Liu Y, Li M, Liu J, Liu J, Zhang Z, Zhang P. Unveiling the hidden pathologies: preoperative endoscopic findings in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. BMC Surg 2024; 24:215. [PMID: 39048984 PMCID: PMC11267783 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is closely associated with upper gastrointestinal disorders. The recommendations for routine preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) before bariatric surgery remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to describe the pathological endoscopic findings in individuals qualified for bariatric surgery. METHODS Retrospective analysis was conducted on preoperative gastroscopy reports of patients who underwent bariatric surgery at our hospital between October 2022 and October 2023. RESULTS A total of 405 patients were included in the study. The two most prevalent endoscopic findings during EGD in this patient cohort were chronic superficial gastritis (326/405, 80.5%) and reflux esophagitis (82/405, 20.2%). Some patients exhibited two or more abnormalities. Patients with reflux esophagitis were older, had a higher proportion of men, higher BMI, higher rates of smoking and drinking compared to those without it (P = 0.033, P < 0.001, P = 0.003, P = 0.001, and P = 0.003, respectively). Morbid obesity (P = 0.037), smoking habits (P = 0.012), and H. pylori infection (P = 0.023) were significant risk factors for reflux esophagitis in male patients, while age (P = 0.007) was the sole risk factor in female patients. No statistically significant differences were observed in surgical procedures between LA-A and B groups (P = 0.382), but statistically significant differences were noted between the nondiabetic and diabetic groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative EGD can unveil a broad spectrum of pathologies in patients with obesity, suggesting the need for routine examination before bariatric surgery. The findings of this study can guide bariatric surgeons in developing tailored treatments and procedures, thus significantly enhancing prognosis. Gastroscopy should be performed routinely in Chinese patients planning to undergo bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Tian
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingli Liu
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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19
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Sandireddy R, Sakthivel S, Gupta P, Behari J, Tripathi M, Singh BK. Systemic impacts of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) on heart, muscle, and kidney related diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1433857. [PMID: 39086662 PMCID: PMC11289778 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1433857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the most common liver disorder worldwide, with an estimated global prevalence of more than 31%. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a progressive form of MASLD characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the extrahepatic manifestations of MASH, focusing on chronic diseases related to the cardiovascular, muscular, and renal systems. A systematic review of published studies and literature was conducted to summarize the findings related to the systemic impacts of MASLD and MASH. The review focused on the association of MASLD and MASH with metabolic comorbidities, cardiovascular mortality, sarcopenia, and chronic kidney disease. Mechanistic insights into the concept of lipotoxic inflammatory "spill over" from the MASH-affected liver were also explored. MASLD and MASH are highly associated (50%-80%) with other metabolic comorbidities such as impaired insulin response, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Furthermore, more than 90% of obese patients with type 2 diabetes have MASH. Data suggest that in middle-aged individuals (especially those aged 45-54), MASLD is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, sarcopenia, and chronic kidney disease. The concept of lipotoxic inflammatory "spill over" from the MASH-affected liver plays a crucial role in mediating the systemic pathological effects observed. Understanding the multifaceted impact of MASH on the heart, muscle, and kidney is crucial for early detection and risk stratification. This knowledge is also timely for implementing comprehensive disease management strategies addressing multi-organ involvement in MASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Madhulika Tripathi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Zou H, Ma X, Pan W, Xie Y. Comparing similarities and differences between NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD in the general U.S. population. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1411802. [PMID: 39040926 PMCID: PMC11260733 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1411802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the multisociety Delphi consensus renamed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) terminology [previously renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)] as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The aim of this study was to compare the similarities and differences between NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD and to clarify the impact of this new name change. Methods A cross-sectional study of 3,035 general subjects with valid vibration-controlled transient elastography data was conducted based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020. NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD were defined according to the corresponding consensus criteria. Results Using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ≥274 dB/m and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) ≥9.7 kPa as the cutoff values for the presence of hepatic steatosis and advanced liver fibrosis (ALF), the prevalence of NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD were 38.01% (95% CI 35.78-40.29%), 41.09% (39.09-43.12%), and 37.9% (35.70-40.14%), respectively, and the corresponding prevalence of ALF was 10.21% (7.09-14.48%), 10.13% (7.06-14.35%), and 10.24% (7.11-14.53%), respectively. The kappa values for the three definitions were above 0.9. The prevalence and severity of the three definitions remained similar when the sensitivity analyses were performed using different CAP thresholds. The prevalence of NAFLD, MAFLD, MASLD, and ALF increased as the number of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) increased. Conclusions Our findings highlight the consistency among the three definitions, especially between NAFLD and MASLD, so that the new consensus will not disturb the original NAFLD-related findings. Additionally, more attention should be paid to patients with a high number of CMRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaopu Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Health Management Center, The Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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21
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Elshaer A, Chascsa DMH, Lizaola-Mayo BC. Exploring Varied Treatment Strategies for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Life (Basel) 2024; 14:844. [PMID: 39063598 PMCID: PMC11278185 DOI: 10.3390/life14070844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a liver disorder characterized by steatosis with underlying metabolic risk factors. The prevalence of MASLD continues to rise, leading to increased patient risk of various complications. Recent research has been focused on new therapeutic strategies to reduce the incidence of MASLD and provide effective treatment plans to prevent further irreversible liver damage. The treatment approach is multifactorial, with a primary focus on weight loss and management of underlying comorbidities through lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, or surgical options. Ongoing research is exploring new pharmacological therapies that could enhance the treatment of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Elshaer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
| | - David M. H. Chascsa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
- Transplant Center, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Blanca C. Lizaola-Mayo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
- Transplant Center, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
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22
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Ahmed M, Ahmed MH. Ramadan Fasting in Individuals with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Liver Transplant, and Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3893. [PMID: 38999457 PMCID: PMC11242100 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is a growing worldwide pandemic. A limited number of studies have investigated the potential effect of Ramadan fasting on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). There is no single medication for the treatment of MASLD. There is a growing interest in dietary intervention as potential treatment for metabolic diseases including MASLD. The aim of this study was to discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors of MASLD and the potential effects of Ramadan fasting on MASLD, liver transplant, and bariatric surgery. We searched PubMed and SCOPUS databases using different search terms. The literature search was based on research studies published in English from the year 2000 to the 2024. Thirty-two studies were included in this review. Ramadan fasting reduced body weight and improved lipid profile, anthropometric indices, fasting plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and inflammatory cytokines. Ramadan fasting improved risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and might improve MASLD through weight reduction. However, further studies are needed to assess the safety and effectiveness of Ramadan fasting in liver transplant recipients and bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaab Ahmed
- College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed H Ahmed
- Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eagelstone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UK
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eagelstone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UK
- Honorary Senior Lecturer of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1EG, UK
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23
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Rui F, Garcia E, Hu X, Ni W, Xue Q, Xu Y, Xu X, Shi J, Nguyen MH, Cheung RC, Li J. Antiviral therapy response in patients with chronic hepatitis B and fatty liver: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:372-382. [PMID: 38590002 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The impact of concurrent fatty liver (FL) on response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients has not been well characterized. We aimed to systematically review and analyse antiviral treatment response in CHB patients with and without FL. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to 31 May 2023 for relevant studies. Biochemical response (BR), complete viral suppression (CVS) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion in CHB patients with FL (CHB-FL) and without FL (non-FL CHB) were compared. In an initial pool of 2101 citations, a total of 10 studies involving 2108 patients were included. After 12 weeks of treatment, CHB-FL patients as compared with non-FL CHB patients had lower BR rate (48.37% [108/227] vs. 72.98% [126/174], p = .04) but similar trend for CVS (36.86% [80/227] vs. 68.81% [114/174], p = .05) and similar rates of HBeAg seroconversion (6.59% [7/103] vs. 7.40% [7/110], p = .89). However, at week 48, there were no statistically significant differences between CHB-FL and non-FL CHB patients in any of the outcomes, including BR (60.03% [213/471] vs. 69.37% [314/717], p = .67), CVS (65.63% [459/746] vs. 73.81% [743/1132], p = .27) and HBeAg seroconversion (10.01% [30/275] vs. 14.06% [65/453], p = .58) with similar findings for week 96. BR rate was lower in CHB-FL patients after 12 weeks of antiviral treatment. However, after a longer follow-up of either 48 or 96 weeks, no statistically significant differences were observed in BR, CVS or HBeAg seroconversion rates between CHB patients with and without FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajuan Rui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Xinyu Hu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yayun Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ramsey C Cheung
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Pan K, Xu J, Xu Y, Wang C, Yu J. The association between endocrine disrupting chemicals and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107251. [PMID: 38862070 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Epidemiological studies have reported that exposure of the population to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is associated with NAFLD. However, EDCs are of different types, and there are inconsistencies in the relevant evidence and descriptions, which have not been systematically summarized so far. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between population exposure to EDCs and NAFLD. Three databases, including PubMed, Web of science, and Embase were searched, and 27 articles were included in this study. Methodological quality, heterogeneity, and publication bias of the included studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, I2 statistics, Begg's test, and Egger's test. The estimated effect sizes of the included studies were pooled and evaluated using the random-effects model (I2 > 50 %) and the fixed-effects model ( I2 < 50 %). The pooled-estimate effect sizes showed that population exposure to Phthalates (PAEs) (OR = 1.18, 95 % CI:1.03-1.34), cadmium (Cd) (OR = 1.37, 95 % CI:1.09-1.72), and bisphenol A (OR = 1.43, 95 % CI:1.24-1.65) were positively correlated with the risk of NAFLD. Exposure to mercury (OR =1.46, 95 % CI:1.17-1.84) and Cd increased the risk of "elevated alanine aminotransferase". On the contrary, no significant association was identified between perfluoroalkyl substances (OR =0.99, 95 % CI:0.93-1.06) and NAFLD. However, female exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (OR =1.82, 95 % CI:1.01-3.26) led to a higher risk of NAFLD than male exposure. In conclusion, this study revealed that EDCs were risk factors for NAFLD. Nonetheless, the sensitivity analysis results of some of the meta-analyses were not stable and demonstrated high heterogeneity. The evidence for these associations is limited, and more large-scale population-based studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pan
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Chengxing Wang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China.
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25
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Zannad F, Sanyal AJ, Butler J, Ferreira JP, Girerd N, Miller V, Pandey A, Parikh CR, Ratziu V, Younossi ZM, Harrison SA. MASLD and MASH at the crossroads of hepatology trials and cardiorenal metabolic trials. J Intern Med 2024; 296:24-38. [PMID: 38738988 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is a worldwide public health problem, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Patients with SLD are at increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Conversely, patients with cardiometabolic conditions have a high prevalence of SLD. In addition to epidemiological evidence linking many of these conditions, there is evidence of shared pathophysiological processes. In December 2022, a unique multi-stakeholder, multi-specialty meeting, called MOSAIC (Metabolic multi Organ Science Accelerating Innovation in Clinical Trials) was convened to foster collaboration across metabolic, hepatology, nephrology and CV disorders. One of the goals of the meeting was to consider approaches to drug development that would speed regulatory approval of treatments for multiple disorders by combining liver and cardiorenal endpoints within a single study. Non-invasive tests, including biomarkers and imaging, are needed in hepatic and cardiorenal trials. They can be used as trial endpoints, to enrich trial populations, to diagnose and risk stratify patients and to assess treatment efficacy and safety. Although they are used in proof of concept and phase 2 trials, they are often not acceptable for regulatory approval of therapies. The challenge is defining the optimal combination of biomarkers, imaging and morbidity/mortality outcomes and ensuring that they are included in future trials while minimizing the burden on patients, trialists and trial sponsors. This paper provides an overview of some of the wide array of CV, liver and kidney measurements that were discussed at the MOSAIC meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm Clinical Investigation Center at Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
- University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- UnIC@RISE, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department Surgery Physiology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- Université de Lorraine, Centre d'Investigation Clinique-Plurithématique, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
| | - Veronica Miller
- Forum for Collaborative Research, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Chirag R Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, INSERM UMRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Stephen A Harrison
- Visiting Professor of Hepatology Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Qiu J, Huang X, Kuang M, Yang R, Li J, Sheng G, Zou Y. Lipoprotein Combine Index as a Better Marker for NAFLD Identification Than Traditional Lipid Parameters. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2583-2595. [PMID: 38946912 PMCID: PMC11214567 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s462181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The association between traditional lipid parameters and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been extensively discussed. This study aims to evaluate and compare the lipoprotein combine index (LCI) and traditional lipid parameters [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] to identify NAFLD. Patients and Methods The analysis included 14,251 participants from the NAfld in the Gifu Area, Longitudinal Analysis (NAGALA). Logistic regression models were employed to calculate standardized odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for assessing and comparing the association of LCI and traditional lipid parameters with NAFLD. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) for LCI and traditional lipid parameters in identifying NAFLD. Results After adjusting for various confounders, we found that LCI was positively associated with NAFLD (OR=2.25, 95% CI 1.92-2.63), and this association was stronger than that of traditional lipid parameters [OR: TC1.23, TG1.73 LDL-C1.10]. Further subgroup analyses revealed that the association of LCI with NAFLD was stronger than other traditional lipid parameters in all subgroups, including men and women, overweight/obese [body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m2] and non-obese (BMI<25 kg/m2), and older (age≥45 years) and younger (age<45 years) participants. Additionally, ROC analysis indicated that LCI (AUC=0.8118) had significantly higher accuracy (All DeLong P<0.05) in identifying NAFLD compared to traditional lipid parameters (AUC: TC0.6309; TG0.7969; LDL-C0.6941); HDL-C0.7587). Sensitivity analysis further confirmed the robustness of the study findings. Conclusion This study revealed for the first time a positive correlation between LCI and NAFLD. Compared to traditional lipid parameters, LCI has a higher correlation with NAFLD. Additionally, further ROC analysis demonstrated that LCI had higher accuracy in identifying NAFLD compared to traditional lipid parameters, suggesting that LCI may be a better marker for NAFLD identification than traditional lipid parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Qiu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maobin Kuang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijuan Yang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiachong Li
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guotai Sheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Li Y, Usman M, Sapp E, Ke Y, Wang Z, Boudi A, DiFiglia M, Li X. Chronic pharmacologic manipulation of dopamine transmission ameliorates metabolic disturbance in Trappc9-linked brain developmental syndrome. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e181339. [PMID: 38889014 PMCID: PMC11383600 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.181339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding the trafficking protein particle complex subunit 9 (Trappc9) cause autosomal recessive intellectual disability and obesity by unknown mechanisms. Genome-wide analysis links Trappc9 to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Trappc9-deficient mice have been shown to appear overweight shortly after weaning. Here, we analyzed serum biochemistry and histology of adipose and liver tissues to determine the incidence of obesity and NAFLD in Trappc9-deficient mice and combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, pharmacological studies, and biochemical and histological examinations of postmortem mouse brains to unveil mechanisms involved. We found that Trappc9-deficient mice presented with systemic glucose homeostatic disturbance, obesity, and NAFLD, which were relieved upon chronic treatment combining dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) agonist quinpirole and DRD1 antagonist SCH23390. Blood glucose homeostasis in Trappc9-deficient mice was restored upon administering quinpirole alone. RNA-sequencing analysis of DRD2-containing neurons and proteomic study of brain synaptosomes revealed signs of impaired neurotransmitter secretion in Trappc9-deficient mice. Biochemical and histological studies of mouse brains showed that Trappc9-deficient mice synthesized dopamine normally, but their dopamine-secreting neurons had a lower abundance of structures for releasing dopamine in the striatum. Our study suggests that Trappc9 loss of function causes obesity and NAFLD by constraining dopamine synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Muhammad Usman
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ellen Sapp
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuting Ke
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zejian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adel Boudi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marian DiFiglia
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xueyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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Ma R, Shi G, Li Y, Shi H. Trimethylamine N-oxide, choline and its metabolites are associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1915-1923. [PMID: 38443197 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
It is inconclusive whether trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and choline and related metabolites, namely trimethylamine (TMA), l-carnitine, betaine and dimethylglycine (DMG), are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our objective was to investigate these potential associations. Additionally, we sought to determine the mediating role of TMAO. In this 1:1 age- and sex-matched case-control study, a total of 150 pairs comprising NAFLD cases and healthy controls were identified. According to the fully adjusted model, after the highest tertile was compared with the lowest tertile, the plasma TMAO concentration (OR = 2·02 (95 % CI 1·04, 3·92); P trend = 0·003), l-carnitine concentration (OR = 1·79 (1·01, 3·17); P trend = 0·020) and DMG concentration (OR = 1·81 (1·00, 3·28); P trend = 0·014) were significantly positively associated with NAFLD incidence. However, a significantly negative association was found for plasma betaine (OR = 0. 50 (0·28, 0·88); P trend = 0·001). The restricted cubic splines model consistently indicated positive dose-response relationships between exposure to TMAO, l-carnitine, and DMG and NAFLD risk, with a negative association being observed for betaine. The corresponding AUC increased significantly from 0·685 (0·626, 0·745) in the traditional risk factor model to 0·769 (0·716, 0·822) when TMAO and its precursors were included (l-carnitine, betaine and choline) (P = 0·032). Mediation analyses revealed that 14·7 and 18·6 % of the excess NAFLD risk associated with l-carnitine and DMG, respectively, was mediated by TMAO (the P values for the mediating effects were 0·021 and 0·036, respectively). These results suggest that a higher concentration of TMAO is associated with increased NAFLD risk among Chinese adults and provide evidence of the possible mediating role of TMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangying Shi
- Department of Hepatology, Xinjiang Corps Hospital, Xinjiang832104, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu610500, People's Republic of China
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29
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Wang P, Yu J, Zhao Y, Simayi R, Shi D. The independent and joint associations of vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid on the risk of mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03448-1. [PMID: 38864864 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the independent and joint associations of vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid (MMA) with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). METHODS We included 6797 individuals with MASLD from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum MMA was measured using gas/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Serum vitamin B12 was measured using commercial kits. The separate and joint associations of dietary intake and serum vitamin B12 (cutoff: 400 pg/mL) and MMA (cutoff: 250 nmol/L) levels with mortality were assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.3 years, 1604 deaths were documented, including 438 from CVD and 365 from cancer. In MASLD patients, dietary intake and serum vitamin B12 did not associate with mortality, while MMA was associated with a 1.35-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality (P-trend < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios for the joint association of vitamin B12 and MMA with all-cause and CVD mortality were 1 in the B12lowMMAlow group (reference), 1.02 (0.87-1.20) and 1.15 (0.90-1.47) in the B12highMMAlow group, 1.55 (1.29-1.86) and 1.84 (1.28-2.65) in the B12lowMMAhigh group, and 1.82 (1.49-2.21) and 2.28 (1.40-3.71) in the B12highMMAhigh group, respectively. The joint association was modified by serum folate (P-interaction = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In MASLD patients, MMA rather than dietary and serum vitamin B12 was positively associated with all-cause mortality. The joint effect of high levels of MMA and vitamin B12 showed the strongest associations with all-cause and CVD mortality, with a significant interaction with serum folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition Food and Children's Health, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxuan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rukiya Simayi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Research Centre for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Nutrition Innovation Platform-Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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30
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EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Obes Facts 2024; 17:374-444. [PMID: 38852583 PMCID: PMC11299976 DOI: 10.1159/000539371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is defined as steatotic liver disease (SLD) in the presence of one or more cardiometabolic risk factor(s) and the absence of harmful alcohol intake. The spectrum of MASLD includes steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH, previously NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and MASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This joint EASL-EASD-EASO guideline provides an update on definitions, prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment for MASLD. Case-finding strategies for MASLD with liver fibrosis, using non-invasive tests, should be applied in individuals with cardiometabolic risk factors, abnormal liver enzymes, and/or radiological signs of hepatic steatosis, particularly in the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) or obesity with additional metabolic risk factor(s). A stepwise approach using blood-based scores (such as FIB-4) and, sequentially, imaging techniques (such as transient elastography) is suitable to rule-out/in advanced fibrosis, which is predictive of liver-related outcomes. In adults with MASLD, lifestyle modification - including weight loss, dietary changes, physical exercise and discouraging alcohol consumption - as well as optimal management of comorbidities - including use of incretin-based therapies (e.g. semaglutide, tirzepatide) for T2D or obesity, if indicated - is advised. Bariatric surgery is also an option in individuals with MASLD and obesity. If locally approved and dependent on the label, adults with non-cirrhotic MASH and significant liver fibrosis (stage ≥2) should be considered for a MASH-targeted treatment with resmetirom, which demonstrated histological effectiveness on steatohepatitis and fibrosis with an acceptable safety and tolerability profile. No MASH-targeted pharmacotherapy can currently be recommended for the cirrhotic stage. Management of MASH-related cirrhosis includes adaptations of metabolic drugs, nutritional counselling, surveillance for portal hypertension and HCC, as well as liver transplantation in decompensated cirrhosis.
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Gao XY, Yang YF, Li L, Xing YF, Wang YX, Li XY, Yang SH, Wang MY, Fan JG, Wang H. Survey of physicians' knowledge about pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in China. J Dig Dis 2024; 25:380-393. [PMID: 38992957 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate physicians' awareness and knowledge towards pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and their attitude toward change in nomenclature from NAFLD to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in China. METHODS The questionnaire survey contained five parts (characteristics of the participants, epidemiology, diagnosis, management of NAFLD, and attitudes toward the nomenclature of MAFLD/MASLD). The participants included 53 hepatologists, 88 gastroenterologists (GEs), 74 endocrinologists (ENDOs), 61 primary care physicians (PCPs), and 157 pediatricians across 31 municipalities, provinces and autonomous regions of China's mainland. RESULTS Hepatologists saw the largest number of pediatric NAFLD patients annually (median 9 [range 1-20]), with the lowest number by PCPs (even notwithstanding one patient annually). The primary sources of pediatric NAFLD knowledge were acquired via guidelines. Hepatologists had the highest total knowledge score among all five types of physicians. Approximately one-third of nonspecialists (ENDOs and PCPs) considered liver biopsy necessary for pediatric NAFLD patients, and this percentage increased to half in specialists (hepatologists and GEs). For nonspecialists, the major barriers to the management of pediatric NAFLD were poor patient adherence to lifestyle modifications and lacking confidence in managing NAFLD. Above 90% physicians agreed to change the nomenclature NAFLD to MAFLD; however, they were not sure whether it could reduce the economic burden. CONCLUSIONS Despite the epidemic of pediatric NAFLD in China, a significant knowledge gap remains in the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric NAFLD, particularly among frontline workers such as pediatricians and PCPs. More education programs should be carried out in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yang Gao
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fan Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun Fei Xing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - You Xin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Ying Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Han Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Díaz LA, Villota-Rivas M, Barrera F, Lazarus JV, Arrese M. The burden of liver disease in Latin America. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101175. [PMID: 37922988 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease poses a substantial burden in Latin America. This burden is primarily attributed to a high level of alcohol consumption and the increasing prevalence of risk factors associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), such as sedentary lifestyles, easy access to ultra-processed foods, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These epidemiological trends are cause for concern, especially considering that there are significant challenges in addressing them due to disparities in access to liver disease screening and care. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of the current situation regarding liver disease in Latin America. We also discuss recent multinational proposals designed to address the growing MASLD burden via its integration into existing non-communicable diseases policies, at both local and global levels. Additionally, we emphasize the urgent need to establish effective public health policies that target both MASLD risk factors and excessive alcohol consumption. Furthermore, we discuss the development of liver transplantation programs, areas for improvement in medical education and research capabilities, and how the fostering of extensive collaboration among all stakeholders is crucial for addressing liver disease in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales (OMEGA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Villota-Rivas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Barrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales (OMEGA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York, NY, United States; Global NASH Council, Washington DC, United States
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales (OMEGA), Santiago, Chile; Global NASH Council, Washington DC, United States.
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Singh Y, Ammar R, Shehata M. Topological Deep Learning: A New Dimension in Gastroenterology for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver. Cureus 2024; 16:e60532. [PMID: 38764708 PMCID: PMC11101912 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Topological deep learning (TDL) introduces a novel approach to enhancing diagnostic and monitoring processes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a condition that is increasingly prevalent globally and a leading cause of liver transplantation. This editorial explores the integration of topology, a branch of mathematics focused on spatial properties preserved under continuous transformations, with deep learning models to improve the accuracy and efficacy of MAFLD diagnosis and staging from medical imaging. TDL's ability to recognize complex patterns in imaging data that traditional methods might miss can lead to earlier and more precise detection, personalized treatment, and potentially better patient outcomes. Challenges remain, particularly regarding the computational demands and the interpretability of TDL outputs, which necessitate further research and development for clinical application. The potential of TDL to transform the gastroenterological landscape marks a significant step toward the incorporation of advanced mathematical methodologies in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranya Ammar
- Pediatric Medicine, New Medical Centre Hospital, Abu Dhabi, ARE
| | - Mostafa Shehata
- Gastroenterology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, ARE
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Hu C, Yu Z, Wei C, Sheng G, Chen J, Zou Y. Evaluating the relative importance of different blood pressure indices in screening for NAFLD: a survey report based on a health examination population. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1338156. [PMID: 38742174 PMCID: PMC11089114 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1338156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective While hypertension is a well-recognized risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the specific roles of various common blood pressure measurements [diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP)] in detecting NAFLD and evaluating the associated risk in adults remain unclear. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 14,251 adult participants undergoing health screenings in the NAfld in the Gifu Area, Longitudinal Analysis project (NAGALA). Following the Z-transformation of the independent variables, we evaluated the relationships between the four blood pressure indices and NAFLD through multivariable logistic regression models. This analysis documented the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each standard deviation (SD) increase. Additionally, the effectiveness of these indices in identifying NAFLD was comparatively analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results After adequately adjusting for confounders, all blood pressure indices except PP showed a positive correlation with NAFLD. For each SD increment, MAP had the strongest association with NAFLD compared to SBP and DBP. This finding was confirmed in populations without exercise habits, under 60 years of age, with normal blood pressure, and in non-obese groups. Furthermore, based on ROC analysis, MAP was found to have the highest accuracy in identifying NAFLD compared to the other three blood pressure indices. Conclusion Among the four blood pressure indices evaluated, MAP demonstrates the greatest efficacy in identifying NAFLD and assessing its associated risk. These findings underscore the potential of MAP as the most promising blood pressure index for screening NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziqi Yu
- Munich Medical Research School, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Changli Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guotai Sheng
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianyong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Hao X, He H, Tao L, Zhao W, Wang P. Waistline to thigh circumference ratio as a predictor of MAFLD: a health care worker study with 2-year follow-up. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:144. [PMID: 38658820 PMCID: PMC11044289 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine whether the waist-to-thigh ratio (WTTR) is associated with the incidence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in health care workers. METHODS There were 4517 health care workers with baseline data and results from 2 follow-up examinations. We divided the subjects into 3 groups according to baseline WTTR and used the Cox hazard regression model to estimate MAFLD risk. RESULTS The WTTRs were categorized by tertiles at baseline using the values 1.58 and 1.66. Patients with higher WTTR tended to have significantly greater values for the following factors, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FPG), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and neck circumference. The incidence of MAFLD significantly increased with increasing WTTR tertiles (5.74%, 12.75% and 22.25% for the first, second and third tertiles, respectively, P < 0.05 for trend). Kaplan-Meier(K-M) survival analysis revealed a significant tendency towards increased MAFLD risk with increasing WTTR tertile. In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for MAFLD in the second, third WTTR tertiles compared with the first quartile were 2.17(1.58,2.98), 3.63(2.70,4.89), respectively, third neck circumference tertiles compared with the first quartile were 2.84(1.89,4.25), 8.95(6.00,13.35), respectively. Compared with those of individuals with a BMI > 23 kg/m2, the associations between WTTR and MAFLD incidence were more pronounced in subjects with a BMI < 23 kg/m2. Similarly, the difference in neck circumference was more pronounced in these patients with a BMI < 23 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that the WTTR is an independent risk factor for MAFLD, and there was a dose‒response relationship between the WTTR and MAFLD risk. The neck circumference was significantly different in subjects with a BMI < 23 kg/m2. This approach provides a new way to predict the incidence rate of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hao
- Medical examination center, Peking University, Third Hospital, North Garden Road & 49, Beijing, China
| | - Honghai He
- Medical examination center, Peking University, Third Hospital, North Garden Road & 49, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Medical examination center, Peking University, Third Hospital, North Garden Road & 49, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Medical examination center, Peking University, Third Hospital, North Garden Road & 49, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Medical examination center, Peking University, Third Hospital, North Garden Road & 49, Beijing, China.
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Chen J, Zhou H, Liu K. Normal weight and central obesity as predictors of increased all-cause mortality in metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease. J Hepatol 2024; 80:e143-e145. [PMID: 38101754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Lekakis V, Papatheodoridis GV. Natural history of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 122:3-10. [PMID: 37940495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which has been the term for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) since June 2023, represents the most common liver disease worldwide and is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. A thorough knowledge of the disease's natural history is required to promptly stratify patients' risks, since MASLD is a multifaceted disorder with a broad range of clinical phenotypes. The histological disease spectrum ranges from isolated hepatic steatosis, currently named as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver (MASL), to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and eventually may accumulate hepatic fibrosis and develop cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several risk factors for fibrosis progression have been identified, while the disease's progression displays notable dynamism and bidirectionality. When compared to the general population, all MASLD histological stages are substantially related with greater overall mortality, and this association exhibits a disease severity-dependent pattern. Interestingly, the fibrosis stage is the most accurate predictor of mortality among MASLD patients. The mortality attributed to MASLD predominantly stems from issues linked with the liver and cardiovascular system, as well as HCC and extrahepatic cancers. In light of the disease natural course, it is crucial to prioritize the identification of at-risk patients for disease progression in order to effectively address and change modifiable risk factors, hence mitigating disease complications. Further investigation is required to define the phenotype of rapid progressors more precisely as well as to improve risk stratification for HCC in non-cirrhotic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Lekakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", 17 Agiou Thoma Street, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George V Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", 17 Agiou Thoma Street, Athens 11527, Greece.
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Mak LY. Steatotic liver disease: Know your enemies. Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:171-173. [PMID: 38302189 PMCID: PMC11016490 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Yi Mak
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Deng S, Ge Y, Zhai Z, Liu H, Zhang X, Chen Y, Yang Y, Wu Z. Fructose induces hepatic steatosis in adolescent mice linked to the disorders of lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and autophagy. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 129:109635. [PMID: 38561080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The effects of excessive fructose intake on the development and progression of metabolic disorders have received widespread attention. However, the deleterious effects of fructose on the development of hepatic metabolic disease in adolescents and its potential mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of isocaloric fructose-rich diets on the liver of adolescent mice. The results showed that fructose-rich diets had no effect on the development of obesity in the adolescent mice, but did induce hepatic lipid accumulation. Besides, we found that fructose-rich diets promoted hepatic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in adolescent mice, which may be associated with activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, our results showed that fructose-rich diets caused disturbances in hepatic lipid metabolism and bile acid metabolism, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy dysfunction. Finally, we found that the intestinal barrier function was impaired in the mice fed fructose-rich diets. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that dietary high fructose induces hepatic metabolic disorders in adolescent mice. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for fully understanding the effects of high fructose intake on the development of hepatic metabolic diseases during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yao Ge
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhian Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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40
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Zhou BG, Xia JL, Jiang X, Ding YB, She Q. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and gestational diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:40. [PMID: 38504196 PMCID: PMC10953072 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous observational studies have revealed a potential link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but their causal relationship remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to examine whether a causal link exists between genetically determined NAFLD and GDM. METHODS Utilizing publicly accessible genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted. The GWASs data pertaining to NAFLD and GDM were obtained from the UK Biobank Consortium and FinnGen database in primary analysis, respectively. The random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized as primary analysis method. Several sensitivity analyses were utilized to verify the robustness of the results. Additionally, we also analyzed the causal effect of potential shared influencing factors on these two conditions. RESULTS The result of the IVW method showed that there was no significant causal relationship between genetically determined NAFLD and GDM (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.90-1.07, P = 0.691). Similarly, our reverse MR analysis failed to detect a significant causal effect of GDM on NAFLD (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.97-1.36, P = 0.118). Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the robustness of the results. Moreover, we found that genetically determined body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, triglycerides, and television viewing time may be positively correlated with NAFLD and GDM, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I may both be negatively correlated with NAFLD and GDM. CONCLUSIONS The current bidirectional MR study failed to provide sufficient genetic evidence for the causal relationship between NAFLD and GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Gang Zhou
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Lei Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Bing Ding
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qiang She
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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41
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Wang JL, Jiang SW, Hu AR, Zhou AW, Hu T, Li HS, Fan Y, Lin K. Non-invasive diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Current status and future perspective. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27325. [PMID: 38449611 PMCID: PMC10915413 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease throughout the world. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis can result from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the severe stage of NAFLD progression. By some estimates, NAFLD affects almost one-third of the world's population, which is completely new and serious public health issue. Unfortunately, NAFLD is diagnosed by exclusion, and the gold standard for identifying NAFLD/NASH and reliably measuring liver fibrosis remains liver biopsy, which is an invasive, costly, time-consuming procedure and involves variable inter-observer diagnosis. With the progress of omics and imaging techniques, numerous non-invasive serological assays have been generated and developed. On the basis of these developments, non-invasive biomarkers and imaging techniques have been combined to increase diagnostic accuracy. This review provides information for the diagnosis and assessment of NAFLD/NASH in clinical practice going forward and may assist the clinician in making an early and accurate diagnosis and in proposing a cost-effective patient surveillance. We discuss newly identified and validated non-invasive diagnostic methods from biopsy-confirmed NAFLD patient studies and their implementation in clinical practice, encompassing NAFLD/NASH diagnosis and differentiation, fibrosis assessment, and disease progression monitoring. A series of tests, including 20-carboxy arachidonic acid (20-COOH AA) and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin D2 (dhk PGD2), were found to be potentially the most accurate non-invasive tests for diagnosing NAFLD. Additionally, the Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D-MRE), combination of the FM-fibro index and Liver stiffness measurement (FM-fibro LSM index) and the machine learning algorithm (MLA) tests are more accurate than other tests in assessing liver fibrosis. However, it is essential to use bigger cohort studies to corroborate a number of non-invasive diagnostic tests with extremely elevated diagnostic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lan Wang
- Graduate School of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Su-Wen Jiang
- Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Liver Diseases, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ai-Rong Hu
- Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Liver Diseases, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ai-Wu Zhou
- Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Liver Diseases, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Liver Diseases, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Shan Li
- Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Liver Diseases, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Fan
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ken Lin
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
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Kouvari M, Valenzuela-Vallejo L, Axarloglou E, Verrastro O, Papatheodoridis G, Mingrone G, George J, Mantzoros CS. Thyroid function, adipokines and mitokines in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: A multi-centre biopsy-based observational study. Liver Int 2024; 44:848-864. [PMID: 38263703 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Thyroid axis is currently under investigation as a therapeutic target in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Thyroid function was examined herein in the full spectrum of disease. METHODS Subjects were recruited and had liver biopsies in two Gastroenterology-Hepatology Clinics (Greece and Australia) and one Bariatric-Metabolic Surgery Clinic (Italy). The main working sample was n = 677 subjects with MASLD after excluding subjects with abnormal free thyroxine levels. Participants were classified according to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) standard criteria: Subclinical hyperthyroidism (<0.4 uIU/mL); Euthyroidism with relatively low (0.4 to <2.5 uIU/mL); euthyroidism with relatively high (2.5-4.0 uIU/mL); subclinical hypothyroidism (>4 uIU/mL). RESULTS TSH as a continuous variable was positively associated with significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and at-risk MASH. Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with fibrosis F ≥ 2 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.47, 95% confident interval [CI] [1.50, 8.05], p = .02), MASH (OR = 3.44, 95% CI [1.48, 7.98] p = .001) and at-risk MASH (OR = 3.88, 95% CI [1.76, 8.55], p = .001), before and after controlling for adiposity, central obesity, and insulin resistance. When leptin, adiponectin, or growth differentiation factor-15 were examined as moderators, significance was lost. Sex-specific analysis revealed a strong association between TSH and the presence of significant fibrosis among women, eliminated only when adipokines/mitokines were adjusted for. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed associations between TSH and liver outcomes (p-values < .01) with inflection points for fibrosis F ≥ 2 being 2.49, for MASH being 2.67 and for at-risk MASH being 6.96. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide support for studies on the administration of thyroid hormone in MASLD therapeutics for subclinical hypothyroidism and liver-specific thyroid receptor agonists for subjects across the TSH continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Kouvari
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Valenzuela-Vallejo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evangelos Axarloglou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Georgios Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | | | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lam S, Lee CH, Fong CHY, Wong Y, Shiu SWM, Mak LY, Yuen MF, Lam KSL, Tan KCB. Serum Tsukushi Level Is Associated With the Severity of Liver Fibrosis Independent of Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1048-e1054. [PMID: 37933700 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tsukushi (TSK) is a recently identified hepatokine, and we aimed to investigate the association between systemic TSK and the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS Three hundred ninety-three DM and 289 without DM individuals were recruited for transient elastography assessment to determine liver steatosis and fibrosis. Serum TSK was measured by ELISA. The presence of NAFLD was defined as controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m. RESULTS NAFLD was present in 276 (70.2%) and 129 (44.6%) subjects with and without DM respectively, and they had higher serum TSK levels than those without NAFLD [DM group: 91.0 ng/mL (61.7-133.8) vs 82.5 (60.9-118.5), P < .01 respectively; without DM group: 97.1 ng/mL (69.3-148.6) vs 80.8 (53.4-111.6) respectively, P < .01]. Univariate analysis showed that serum TSK significantly correlated with the degree of steatosis and fibrosis both in subjects with and without DM. On multivariable regression analysis, only liver stiffness and estimated glomerular filtration rate were significant determinants of TSK level, and the relationship was independent of diabetes and serum adiponectin. Out of 405 subjects with NAFLD, 49 had either advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of serum TSK to indicate advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis was 0.70 (95% CI .62-.77), which was significantly better than that of fibrosis-4 index, 0.64 (95% CI .55-.72), P < .05. CONCLUSION Serum TSK levels were increased in subjects with NAFLD and reflected the severity of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sum Lam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol H Y Fong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sammy W M Shiu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lung-Yi Mak
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen S L Lam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathryn C B Tan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Balakrishnan M, Rehm J. A public health perspective on mitigating the global burden of chronic liver disease. Hepatology 2024; 79:451-459. [PMID: 37943874 PMCID: PMC10872651 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease is a significant global health problem. Epidemiological trends do not show improvement in chronic liver disease incidence but rather a shift in etiologies, with steatotic liver disease (SLD) from metabolic dysfunction and alcohol becoming increasingly important causes. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop a comprehensive public health approach for SLD. To that end, we propose a public health framework for preventing and controlling SLD. The framework is anchored on evidence linking physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary patterns, alcohol use, and obesity with both incidence and progression of SLD. Guided by the framework, we review examples of federal/state-level, community-level, and individual-level interventions with the potential to address these determinants of SLD. Ultimately, mitigating SLD's burden requires primary risk factor reduction at multiple socioecological levels, by scaling up the World Health Organization's "best buys," in addition to developing and implementing SLD-specific control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Balakrishnan
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 2S1
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 2S1
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3M7
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 1R8
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University of Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
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Ratziu V, Hompesch M, Petitjean M, Serdjebi C, Iyer JS, Parwani AV, Tai D, Bugianesi E, Cusi K, Friedman SL, Lawitz E, Romero-Gómez M, Schuppan D, Loomba R, Paradis V, Behling C, Sanyal AJ. Artificial intelligence-assisted digital pathology for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: current status and future directions. J Hepatol 2024; 80:335-351. [PMID: 37879461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing, causing a significant medical burden, but no approved therapeutics are currently available. NASH drug development requires histological analysis of liver biopsies by expert pathologists for trial enrolment and efficacy assessment, which can be hindered by multiple issues including sample heterogeneity, inter-reader and intra-reader variability, and ordinal scoring systems. Consequently, there is a high unmet need for accurate, reproducible, quantitative, and automated methods to assist pathologists with histological analysis to improve the precision around treatment and efficacy assessment. Digital pathology (DP) workflows in combination with artificial intelligence (AI) have been established in other areas of medicine and are being actively investigated in NASH to assist pathologists in the evaluation and scoring of NASH histology. DP/AI models can be used to automatically detect, localise, quantify, and score histological parameters and have the potential to reduce the impact of scoring variability in NASH clinical trials. This narrative review provides an overview of DP/AI tools in development for NASH, highlights key regulatory considerations, and discusses how these advances may impact the future of NASH clinical management and drug development. This should be a high priority in the NASH field, particularly to improve the development of safe and effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Ratziu
- Sorbonne Université, ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM UMRS 1138 CRC, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Cusi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Lawitz
- Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CiberEHD, Insituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (HUVR/CSIC/US), Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université Paris Cité, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Beaujon, Paris, France
| | | | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Lin X, Wu G, Huang J. The impacts of Ramadan fasting for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1315408. [PMID: 38303901 PMCID: PMC10833229 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1315408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have explored the impacts of Ramadan fasting on Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze and summarize all clinical studies regarding the impacts of Ramadan fasting for patients with NAFLD. Methods We performed a comprehensive search of the Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases from inception to September 1, 2023. All clinical studies concerning the impacts of Ramadan fasting on patients with NAFLD were included. Results In total, six studies with 397 NAFLD patients comprising five prospective studies and one retrospective study were included in the systematic review. All six studies were assessed as high-quality. Ramadan fasting may offer potential benefits for patients with NAFLD, including improvements in body weight, body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, glucose profiles, liver parameters, and inflammation markers. Conclusion Ramadan fasting might be an effective dietary intervention for NAFLD. However, the number of studies examining the impacts of Ramadan fasting for patients with NAFLD is relatively limited. Therefore, more high-quality research is needed to further our understanding of the benefits of Ramadan fasting for NAFLD. Systematic review registration https://inplasy.com, identifier 202390102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lin
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Jinyu Huang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wang S, Lin X, Zhu C, Dong Y, Guo Y, Xie Z, He X, Ju W, Chen M. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and increased glucose-to-albumin ratio in adults without diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1287916. [PMID: 38264288 PMCID: PMC10804880 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1287916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 30% of individuals globally. Both serum glucose and albumin were demonstrated to be potential markers for the development of NAFLD. We hypothesized that the risk of NAFLD may be proportional to the glucose-to-albumin ratio (GAR). Methods Based on information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018, it was determined that GAR was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD and liver fibrosis utilizing weighted multivariable logistic regression. Participants with a fatty liver index (FLI) over 60 were identified with NAFLD, and those with an NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) >0.676 with evidence of NAFLD were labeled with advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF). The liver biopsy was utilized to verify the relationship between GAR and FLD in our center cohort. Mendelian randomization analysis investigated the genetic relationship between GAR and NAFLD. Results Of 15,534 eligible participants, 36.4% of participants were identified as NAFLD without AHF. GAR was positively correlated with the probability of NAFLD following full adjustment for possible variables (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.39-1.67). It was confirmed that patients with NAFLD and AHF had an inferior prognosis. The relationship between GAR and NFS was favorable (R = 0.46, P< 0.0001), and NAFLD patients with a higher GAR tended to develop poor survival. In our center cohort, the association between GAR and NAFLD was verified. Conclusion Among participants without diabetes, greater GAR was linked to higher risks of NAFLD. In addition, NAFLD patients with higher GAR tended to develop liver fibrosis and adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Lin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuchen Zhu
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Dong
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghao Xie
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Ju
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Maogen Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
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Yang C, Du T, Zhao Y, Qian Y, Tang J, Li X, Ma L. Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for NAFLD: A Study Based on a Physical Examination Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:143-155. [PMID: 38222035 PMCID: PMC10785695 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s438652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To construct and validate a precise and personalized predictive model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to enhance NAFLD screening and healthcare administration. Patients and Methods A total of 730 participants' clinical information and outcome measurements were gathered and randomly divided into training and validation sets in a ratio of 3:7. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multiple logistic regression, a nomogram was established to select risk predictor variables. The NAFLD prediction model was validated through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results After random grouping, the cohort comprised 517 in the training set and 213 in the validation set. The prediction model employed nine of the 20 selected variables, namely gender, hypertension, waist circumference, body mass index, blood platelet, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma glucose, and alanine aminotransferase. ROC curve analysis yielded an area under the curve values of 0.877 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.848-0.907) for the training set and 0.871 (95% CI: 0.825-0.917) for the validation set. Optimal critical values were determined as 0.472 (0.786, 0.825) in the training set and 0.457 (0.743, 0.839) in the validation set. Calibration curves for both sets showed proximity to the ideal diagonal, with P-values of 0.972 and 0.370 for the training and validation sets, respectively (P > 0.05). DCA indicated favorable clinical applicability of the model. Conclusion We constructed a nomogram model that could complement traditional NAFLD detection methods, aiding in individualized risk assessment for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingwan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueying Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youhui Qian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiashi Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
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Lonardo A, Ballestri S, Mantovani A, Targher G, Bril F. Endpoints in NASH Clinical Trials: Are We Blind in One Eye? Metabolites 2024; 14:40. [PMID: 38248843 PMCID: PMC10820221 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review aims to illustrate the notion that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is a systemic metabolic disorder featuring both adverse hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes. In recent years, several NASH trials have failed to identify effective pharmacological treatments and, therefore, lifestyle changes are the cornerstone of therapy for NASH. with this context, we analyze the epidemiological burden of NASH and the possible pathogenetic factors involved. These include genetic factors, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, immuno-thrombosis, oxidative stress, reprogramming of hepatic metabolism, and hypoxia, all of which eventually culminate in low-grade chronic inflammation and increased risk of fibrosis progression. The possible explanations underlying the failure of NASH trials are also accurately examined. We conclude that the high heterogeneity of NASH, resulting from variable genetic backgrounds, exposure, and responses to different metabolic stresses, susceptibility to hepatocyte lipotoxicity, and differences in repair-response, calls for personalized medicine approaches involving research on noninvasive biomarkers. Future NASH trials should aim at achieving a complete assessment of systemic determinants, modifiers, and correlates of NASH, thus adopting a more holistic and unbiased approach, notably including cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic outcomes, without restricting therapeutic perspectives to histological surrogates of liver-related outcomes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- AOU—Modena—Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy;
| | | | - Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore—Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Fernando Bril
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
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Lin X, Wang S, Huang J. The effects of time-restricted eating for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1307736. [PMID: 38239843 PMCID: PMC10794638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1307736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a significant global health concern. Numerous investigations have explored the implications of time-restricted eating (TRE) in the management of NAFLD. Therefore, the objective of our study was to conduct a systematic review to summarize and analyze all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TRE for patients with NAFLD. A thorough literature search was executed across Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases, covering all records from their inception until 1 September 2023. All clinical studies of TRE for NAFLD were summarized and analyzed. Our systematic review included four RCTs, encompassing a total of 443 NAFLD patients. These studies varied in sample size from 32 to 271 participants. The TRE intervention was consistently applied in an 8-h window, over durations ranging from 4 weeks to 12 months. The findings suggest that TRE could offer several health benefits for NAFLD patients, such as improved liver health indicators like liver stiffness and intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) levels. Consequently, TRE appears to be a promising dietary intervention for NAFLD patients. However, it is premature to recommend TRE for patients with NAFLD. The existing body of research on the effects of TRE in NAFLD contexts is limited, underscoring the need for further high-quality studies to expand our understanding of TRE's benefits in treating NAFLD. Ongoing clinical trials may provide more insights into the effects of TRE in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuai Wang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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