1
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Garmendia JV, De Sanctis CV, Das V, Annadurai N, Hajduch M, De Sanctis JB. Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Therapeutics and Beyond. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1080-1109. [PMID: 37898823 PMCID: PMC10964103 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666231017141636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease (ND) incidence has recently increased due to improved life expectancy. Alzheimer's (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most prevalent NDs. Both diseases are poly genetic, multifactorial and heterogenous. Preventive medicine, a healthy diet, exercise, and controlling comorbidities may delay the onset. After the diseases are diagnosed, therapy is needed to slow progression. Recent studies show that local, peripheral and age-related inflammation accelerates NDs' onset and progression. Patients with autoimmune disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) could be at higher risk of developing AD or PD. However, no increase in ND incidence has been reported if the patients are adequately diagnosed and treated. Autoantibodies against abnormal tau, β amyloid and α- synuclein have been encountered in AD and PD and may be protective. This discovery led to the proposal of immune-based therapies for AD and PD involving monoclonal antibodies, immunization/ vaccines, pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition and anti-inflammatory cytokine addition. All the different approaches have been analysed here. Future perspectives on new therapeutic strategies for both disorders are concisely examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Valentina Garmendia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Claudia Valentina De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
- The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (Catrin), Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Narendran Annadurai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
- The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (Catrin), Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
- The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (Catrin), Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
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2
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Thi Nguyen NH, Kim JH, Lee SM, Cho BK, Kim YH, Min J. Inhibition of tau phosphorylation and Aβ accumulation by S. cerevisiae-derived vacuoles in LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. J Biotechnol 2023; 376:45-52. [PMID: 37777088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are characterized by the accumulation of intracellular tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) proteins, which lead to neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the potential of a bioengineered vacuoles derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived vacuoles to treat neuroinflammation and protein accumulation in AD. The yeast-derived vacuole is a small organelle that achieves efficient degradation by utilizing a diverse array of hydrolytic enzymes. These hydrolytic enzymes break down and process proteins into smaller fragments. We found that vacuoles treatment significantly reduced LPS-primed cell apoptosis and diminished Aβ42 secretion in vitro, potentially through the inhibition of the NF-kB p65 signaling pathway. Additionally, vacuole pre-treatment down-regulated NF-κB translocation and reduced phosphorylated tau levels in LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Our results suggest that the vacuoles have potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases. The vacuole's small size and diverse hydrolytic enzymes make it a promising drug delivery system for targeting intracellular proteins. Future studies may explore the use of vacuoles in animal models of AD to determine their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Han Thi Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Ji Hun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Su-Min Lee
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, South Korea.
| | - Jiho Min
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju 54896, South Korea; Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju 54896, South Korea.
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3
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Grychowska K, López-Sánchez U, Vitalis M, Canet G, Satała G, Olejarz-Maciej A, Gołębiowska J, Kurczab R, Pietruś W, Kubacka M, Moreau C, Walczak M, Blicharz-Futera K, Bento O, Bantreil X, Subra G, Bojarski AJ, Lamaty F, Becamel C, Zussy C, Chaumont-Dubel S, Popik P, Nury H, Marin P, Givalois L, Zajdel P. Superiority of the Triple-Acting 5-HT 6R/5-HT 3R Antagonist and MAO-B Reversible Inhibitor PZ-1922 over 5-HT 6R Antagonist Intepirdine in Alleviation of Cognitive Deficits in Rats. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14928-14947. [PMID: 37797083 PMCID: PMC10641814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The multifactorial origin and neurochemistry of Alzheimer's disease (AD) call for the development of multitarget treatment strategies. We report a first-in-class triple acting compound that targets serotonin type 6 and 3 receptors (5-HT-Rs) and monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) as an approach for treating AD. The key structural features required for MAO-B inhibition and 5-HT6R antagonism and interaction with 5-HT3R were determined using molecular dynamic simulations and cryo-electron microscopy, respectively. Bioavailable PZ-1922 reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in the novel object recognition test. Furthermore, it displayed superior pro-cognitive properties compared to intepirdine (a 5-HT6R antagonist) in the AD model, which involved intracerebroventricular injection of an oligomeric solution of amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) in the T-maze test in rats. PZ-1922, but not intepirdine, restored levels of biomarkers characteristic of the debilitating effects of oAβ. These data support the potential of a multitarget approach involving the joint modulation of 5-HT6R/5-HT3R/MAO-B in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grychowska
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Mathieu Vitalis
- Molecular
Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, University of Montpellier, EPHE-PSL, INSERM U1198, 34-095 Montpellier, France
| | - Geoffrey Canet
- Faculty
of Medicine, Laval University, CR-CHUQ, G1 V 4G2 Québec
City (QC), Canada
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Gołębiowska
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324 Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pietruś
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Maria Walczak
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Blicharz-Futera
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ophélie Bento
- IBMM,
Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34-293 Montpellier, France
- Institut
de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34-094 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Bantreil
- IBMM,
Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34-293 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- IBMM,
Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34-293 Montpellier, France
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324 Kraków, Poland
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- IBMM,
Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34-293 Montpellier, France
| | - Carine Becamel
- Institut
de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34-094 Montpellier, France
| | - Charleine Zussy
- Molecular
Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, University of Montpellier, EPHE-PSL, INSERM U1198, 34-095 Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Chaumont-Dubel
- Institut
de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34-094 Montpellier, France
| | - Piotr Popik
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324 Kraków, Poland
| | - Hugues Nury
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institut
de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34-094 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Givalois
- Molecular
Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, University of Montpellier, EPHE-PSL, INSERM U1198, 34-095 Montpellier, France
- Faculty
of Medicine, Laval University, CR-CHUQ, G1 V 4G2 Québec
City (QC), Canada
- CNRS, 75-016 Paris, France
| | - Paweł Zajdel
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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4
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Chatanaka MK, Sohaei D, Diamandis EP, Prassas I. Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: how current research implicates autoimmunity in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:398-426. [PMID: 36941789 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2187342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis has so far been at the forefront of explaining the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and eventual death. Recent evidence, however, points to additional factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. These include the neurovascular hypothesis, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, the inflammatory hypothesis, the prion hypothesis, the mutational accumulation hypothesis, and the autoimmunity hypothesis. The purpose of this review was to briefly discuss the factors that are associated with autoimmunity in humans, including sex, the gut and lung microbiomes, age, genetics, and environmental factors. Subsequently, it was to examine the rise of autoimmune phenomena in AD, which can be instigated by a blood-brain barrier breakdown, pathogen infections, and dysfunction of the glymphatic system. Lastly, it was to discuss the various ways by which immune system dysregulation leads to AD, immunomodulating therapies, and future directions in the field of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. A comprehensive account of the recent research done in the field was extracted from PubMed on 31 January 2022, with the keywords "Alzheimer's disease" and "autoantibodies" for the first search input, and "Alzheimer's disease" with "IgG" for the second. From the first search, 19 papers were selected, because they contained recent research on the autoantibodies found in the biofluids of patients with AD. From the second search, four papers were selected. The analysis of the literature has led to support the autoimmune hypothesis in AD. Autoantibodies were found in biofluids (serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with AD with multiple methods, including ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, and microarray analysis. Through continuous research, the understanding of the synergistic effects of the various components that lead to AD will pave the way for better therapeutic methods and a deeper understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo K Chatanaka
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dorsa Sohaei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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Loeffler DA. Antibody-Mediated Clearance of Brain Amyloid-β: Mechanisms of Action, Effects of Natural and Monoclonal Anti-Aβ Antibodies, and Downstream Effects. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:873-899. [PMID: 37662616 PMCID: PMC10473157 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic efforts to slow the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by lowering brain amyloid-β (Aβ) have included Aβ vaccination, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products, and anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies. Neither Aβ vaccination nor IVIG slowed disease progression. Despite conflicting phase III results, the monoclonal antibody Aducanumab received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for treatment of AD in June 2021. The only treatments unequivocally demonstrated to slow AD progression to date are the monoclonal antibodies Lecanemab and Donanemab. Lecanemab received FDA approval in January 2023 based on phase II results showing lowering of PET-detectable Aβ; phase III results released at that time indicated slowing of disease progression. Topline results released in May 2023 for Donanemab's phase III trial revealed that primary and secondary end points had been met. Antibody binding to Aβ facilitates its clearance from the brain via multiple mechanisms including promoting its microglial phagocytosis, activating complement, dissolving fibrillar Aβ, and binding of antibody-Aβ complexes to blood-brain barrier receptors. Antibody binding to Aβ in peripheral blood may also promote cerebral efflux of Aβ by a peripheral sink mechanism. According to the amyloid hypothesis, for Aβ targeting to slow AD progression, it must decrease downstream neuropathological processes including tau aggregation and phosphorylation and (possibly) inflammation and oxidative stress. This review discusses antibody-mediated mechanisms of Aβ clearance, findings in AD trials involving Aβ vaccination, IVIG, and anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies, downstream effects reported in those trials, and approaches which might improve the Aβ-clearing ability of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Loeffler
- Beaumont Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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6
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Intracellular DAMPs in Neurodegeneration and Their Role in Clinical Therapeutics. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3600-3616. [PMID: 36859688 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is the major implication of neurodegeneration. This is a complex process which initiates from the cellular injury triggering the innate immune system which gives rise to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which are also recognized as endogenous danger indicators. These originate from various compartments of the cell under pathological stimulus. These are very popular candidates having their origin in the intracellular compartments and organelles of the cell and may have their site of action itself in the intracellular or at the extracellular spaces. Under the influence of the pathological stimuli, they interact with the pattern-recognition receptor to initiate their pro-inflammatory cascade followed by the cytokine release. This provides a good opportunity for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions creating better conditions for repair and reversal. Since the major contributors arise from the intracellular compartment, in this review, we have attempted to focus on the DAMP molecules arising from the intracellular compartments and their specific roles in the neurodegenerative events explaining their downstream mediators and signaling. Moreover, we have tried to cover the latest interventions in terms of DAMPs as clinical biomarkers which can assist in detecting the disease and also target it to reduce the innate-immune activation response which can help in reducing the sterile neuroinflammation having an integral role in the neurodegenerative processes.
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7
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Sun Y, Zhang L, Liu P, Peng G. Autoimmunity and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: From Laboratory Study to Clinical Practice. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:495-503. [PMID: 37008802 PMCID: PMC10065017 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s394286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a group of neurodegenerative diseases with heterogenous clinical, genetic, and pathological characteristics that show similar impairment of areas in the frontal and/or temporal lobes. Prime doctors' lack of awareness of this complex disease makes early identification and accurate intervention difficult. Autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies are manifestations of different levels of autoimmune reactions. This review presents research findings examining the relationship between autoimmunity and FTLD in terms of autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies with a focus on identifying potential diagnosis and treatment approaches. The findings indicate that the same or similar pathophysiological mechanisms may exist from clinical, genetic, and pathological perspectives. However, the existing evidence is not sufficient to extract substantial conclusions. On the basis of the current situation, we propose future research patterns using prospective studies on large populations and combined clinical and experimental research. Autoimmune reactions or, more generally, inflammatory reactions should receive increased attention from doctors and scientists of all disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lumi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guoping Peng, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13588150613, Email
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8
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Canet G, Zussy C, Hernandez C, Maurice T, Desrumaux C, Givalois L. The pathomimetic oAβ25–35 model of Alzheimer's disease: Potential for screening of new therapeutic agents. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108398. [PMID: 37001735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, currently affecting more than 40 million people worldwide. The two main histopathological hallmarks of AD were identified in the 1980s: senile plaques (composed of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides) and neurofibrillary tangles (composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). In the human brain, both Aβ and tau show aggregation into soluble and insoluble oligomers. Soluble oligomers of Aβ include their most predominant forms - Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 - as well as shorter peptides such as Aβ25-35 or Aβ25-35/40. Most animal models of AD have been developed using transgenesis, based on identified human mutations. However, these familial forms of AD represent less than 1% of AD cases. In this context, the idea emerged in the 1990s to directly inject the Aβ25-35 fragment into the rodent brain to develop an acute model of AD that could mimic the disease's sporadic forms (99% of all cases). This review aims to: (1) summarize the biological activity of Aβ25-35, focusing on its impact on the main structural and functional alterations observed in AD (cognitive deficits, APP misprocessing, tau system dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cholinergic and glutamatergic alterations, HPA axis dysregulation, synaptic deficits and cell death); and (2) confirm the interest of this pathomimetic model in AD research, as it has helped identify and characterize many molecules (marketed, in clinical development, and in preclinical testing), and to the development of alternative approaches for AD prevention and therapy. Today, the Aβ25-35 model appears as a first-intent choice model to rapidly screen the symptomatic or neuroprotective potencies of new compounds, chemical series, or innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Xu GY, Liu YH, Zeng XQ, Chen DW, Zeng GH, Fan DY, Liu YH, Wang YJ. The Diagnostic Potential of Circulating Autoantibodies to Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:537-546. [PMID: 37334604 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The profile of naturally occurring antibodies to amyloid-β (NAbs-Aβ) is altered in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the diagnostic potential of NAbs-Aβ for AD is not clear yet. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the diagnostic capacities of NAbs-Aβ for AD. METHODS A total of 40 AD patients and 40 cognitively normal (CN) controls were enrolled in this study. Levels of NAbs-Aβ were detected by ELISA. The correlations of NAbs-Aβ levels with cognitive function and AD-associated biomarkers were examined by Spearman correlation analysis. Diagnostic abilities of NAbs-Aβ were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. The integrative diagnostic models were established by logistic regression models. RESULTS We found that NAbs-Aβ7-18 had the highest diagnostic capability (AUC = 0.72) among all single NAbs-Aβ. The combined model (NAbs-Aβ7-18, NAbs-Aβ19-30, and NAbs-Aβ25-36) had a noticeable improvement (AUC = 0.84) in the diagnostic capacity compared with each single NAbs-Aβ. CONCLUSION NAbs-Aβs are promising in the diagnosis of AD. Further investigations are needed to confirm the translational potential of this diagnostic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Xu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Wan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Shigatse Branch, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shigatse, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Disease, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Disease, Chongqing, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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10
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Pandey MK. The Role of Alpha-Synuclein Autoantibodies in the Induction of Brain Inflammation and Neurodegeneration in Aged Humans. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:902191. [PMID: 35721016 PMCID: PMC9204601 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.902191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Manoj Kumar Pandey,
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Kocurova G, Ricny J, Ovsepian SV. Autoantibodies targeting neuronal proteins as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. Theranostics 2022; 12:3045-3056. [PMID: 35547759 PMCID: PMC9065204 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are associated with the accumulation of a range of misfolded proteins across the central nervous system and related autoimmune responses, including the generation of antibodies and the activation of immune cells. Both innate and adaptive immunity become mobilized, leading to cellular and humoral effects. The role of humoral immunity in disease onset and progression remains to be elucidated with rising evidence suggestive of positive (protection, repair) and negative (injury, toxicity) outcomes. In this study, we review advances in research of neuron-targeting autoantibodies in the most prevalent NDDs. We discuss their biological origin, molecular diversity and changes in the course of diseases, consider their relevance to the initiation and progression of pathology as well as diagnostic and prognostic significance. It is suggested that the emerging autoimmune aspects of NDDs not only could facilitate the early detection but also might help to elucidate previously unknown facets of pathobiology with relevance to the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kocurova
- Experimental Neurobiology Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ricny
- Experimental Neurobiology Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Saak V Ovsepian
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
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12
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Govindasamy V, Rajendran A, Lee ZX, Ooi GC, Then KY, Then KL, Gayathri M, Kumar Das A, Cheong SK. The potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in modulating antiageing process. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1999-2016. [PMID: 34245637 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ageing and age-related diseases share some basic origin that largely converges on inflammation. Precisely, it boils down to a common pathway characterised by the appearance of a fair amount of proinflammatory cytokines known as inflammageing. Among the proposed treatment for antiageing, MSCs gained attention in recent years. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate itself into a myriad of terminal cells, previously it was believed that these cells migrate to the site of injury and perform their therapeutic effect. However, with the more recent discovery of huge amounts of paracrine factors secreted by MSCs, it is now widely accepted that these cells do not engraft upon transplantation but rather unveil their benefits through excretion of bioactive molecules namely those involved in inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Conversely, the true function of these paracrine changes has not been thoroughly investigated all these years. Hence, this review will describe in detail on ways MSCs may capitalize its paracrine properties in modulating antiageing process. Through a comprehensive literature search various elements in the antiageing process, we aim to provide a novel treatment perspective of MSCs in antiageing related clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendran Govindasamy
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abilashini Rajendran
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhi-Xin Lee
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ghee-Chien Ooi
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong-Yong Then
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Brighton Healthcare (Bio-X Healthcare Sdn Bhd), Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khong-Lek Then
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Merilynn Gayathri
- Brighton Healthcare (Bio-X Healthcare Sdn Bhd), Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Deparment of Surgery, IQ City Medical College, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Soon-Keng Cheong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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13
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Bellaver B, Ferrari-Souza JP, Uglione da Ros L, Carter SF, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Nordberg A, Pellerin L, Rosa-Neto P, Leffa DT, Zimmer ER. Astrocyte Biomarkers in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurology 2021; 96:e2944-e2955. [PMID: 33952650 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether fluid and imaging astrocyte biomarkers are altered in Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for articles reporting fluid or imaging astrocyte biomarkers in AD. Pooled effect sizes were determined with standardized mean differences (SMDs) using the Hedge G method with random effects to determine biomarker performance. Adapted questions from the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies were applied for quality assessment. A protocol for this study has been previously registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020192304). RESULTS The initial search identified 1,425 articles. After exclusion criteria were applied, 33 articles (a total of 3,204 individuals) measuring levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100B, chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), and aquaporin 4 in the blood and CSF, as well as monoamine oxidase-B indexed by PET 11C-deuterium-l-deprenyl, were included. GFAP (SMD 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-1.18) and YKL-40 (SMD 0.76, 95% CI 0.63-0.89) levels in the CSF and S100B levels in the blood (SMD 2.91, 95% CI 1.01-4.8) were found to be significantly increased in patients with AD. CONCLUSIONS Despite significant progress, applications of astrocyte biomarkers in AD remain in their early days. This meta-analysis demonstrated that astrocyte biomarkers are consistently altered in AD and supports further investigation for their inclusion in the AD clinical research framework for observational and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Bellaver
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Ferrari-Souza
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Uglione da Ros
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stephen F Carter
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luc Pellerin
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Douglas Teixeira Leffa
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- From the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (B.B., J.P.F.-S., L.U.d.R., E.R.Z.), Department of Pharmacology (E.R.Z.), and Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (E.R.Z.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Department of Psychiatry (S.F.C.), University of Cambridge; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre (S.F.C.), University of Manchester, UK; Department of Neurobiology (E.R.-V, A.N.), Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (E.R.-V, A.N.); Theme Aging (A.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Inserm U1082 (L.P.), Université de Poitiers, France; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (P.R.-N.), McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; McGill University (P.R.-N.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program (D.T.L.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Severini C, Barbato C, Di Certo MG, Gabanella F, Petrella C, Di Stadio A, de Vincentiis M, Polimeni A, Ralli M, Greco A. Alzheimer's Disease: New Concepts on the Role of Autoimmunity and NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis of the Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:498-512. [PMID: 32564756 PMCID: PMC8206463 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200621204546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), recognized as the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is clinically characterized by the presence of extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and by intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles, accompanied by glial activation and neuroinflammation. Increasing evidence suggests that self-misfolded proteins stimulate an immune response mediated by glial cells, inducing the release of inflammatory mediators and the recruitment of peripheral macrophages into the brain, which in turn aggravate AD pathology. The present review aims to update the current knowledge on the role of autoimmunity and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of the disease, indicating a new target for therapeutic intervention. We mainly focused on the NLRP3 microglial inflammasome as a critical factor in stimulating innate immune responses, thus sustaining chronic inflammation. Additionally, we discussed the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the gut-brain axis. Direct targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the associated receptors could be a potential pharmacological strategy since its inhibition would selectively reduce AD neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Severini
- Address correspondence to this author at the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-mail:
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15
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Liu YH, Wang J, Li QX, Fowler CJ, Zeng F, Deng J, Xu ZQ, Zhou HD, Doecke JD, Villemagne VL, Lim YY, Masters CL, Wang YJ. Association of naturally occurring antibodies to β-amyloid with cognitive decline and cerebral amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/1/eabb0457. [PMID: 33523832 PMCID: PMC7775771 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The pathological relevance of naturally occurring antibodies to β-amyloid (NAbs-Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate their levels and associations with Aβ burden and cognitive decline in AD in a cross-sectional cohort from China and a longitudinal cohort from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study. NAbs-Aβ levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were tested according to their epitopes. Levels of NAbs targeting the amino terminus of Aβ increased, and those targeting the mid-domain of Aβ decreased in both CSF and plasma in AD patients. Higher plasma levels of NAbs targeting the amino terminus of Aβ and lower plasma levels of NAbs targeting the mid-domain of Aβ were associated with higher brain amyloidosis at baseline and faster cognitive decline during follow-up. Our findings suggest a dynamic response of the adaptive immune system in the progression of AD and are relevant to current passive immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua-Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - James D Doecke
- The Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yen Ying Lim
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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16
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Marbouti L, Zahmatkesh M, Riahi E, Shafiee Sabet M. GnRH protective effects against amyloid β-induced cognitive decline: A potential role of the 17β-estradiol. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110985. [PMID: 32805333 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 17β-estradiol (E2) enhances hippocampal dendritic spine synapses, facilitates learning processes, and exerts neuroprotection. Brain estrogen decline has been reported in Alzheimer's disease. The role of GnRH in modulating steroid biosynthesis convinced us to examine whether hippocampal GnRH administration could enhance the local E2 levels and overcome the development of cognition decline in amyloid β (Aβ) neurotoxicity. To explore if GnRH acts through regulating E2 synthesis, letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, has been applied in combination with GnRH. METHODS Female rats received an intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ. The GnRH and, or letrozole were injected into the CA1 for 14 consecutive days. Working memory, novel object recognition memory, and anxiety-like behavior were evaluated. Serum and hippocampal E2 levels were measured. Hippocampal mRNA expression of GnRH (GnRH-R) and E2 (ERα and ERβ) receptors was assessed. GnRH effect on the excitability of pyramidal cells was studied by in vivo single-unit recording. RESULTS GnRH increased hippocampal E2 levels, evoked an increase in the spontaneous firing of pyramidal neurons, and caused mRNA overexpression of hippocampal GnRH receptors. GnRH prevented the adverse effects of Aβ on working memory, NOR index, and anxiogenic behavior. Letrozole did not reverse GnRH modulatory effects on hippocampal E2 levels and neuroprotection. CONCLUSION GnRH prevented the Aβ-induced memory deficit, which may be mediated through hippocampal E2 levels enhancement. The electrophysiological analysis revealed the enhanced neuronal excitability in the CA1 region. All these data suggest that GnRH might be a promising candidate that reduces anxiety and improves memory indices in the context of Aβ neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Marbouti
- Neuroscience and Addiction Studies Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zahmatkesh
- Neuroscience and Addiction Studies Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Esmail Riahi
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shafiee Sabet
- Family Medicine Department, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Lv J, Chen L, Zhu N, Sun Y, Pan J, Gao J, Liu J, Liu G, Tao Y. Beta amyloid-induced time-dependent learning and memory impairment: involvement of HPA axis dysfunction. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:1385-1394. [PMID: 32860609 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aβ aggregation is one of the pathological biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the possible mechanism related to Aβ-induced pathological signaling pathway is still unknown. In the present study, Aβ1-42-induced time-dependent memory impairment and its possible relationship to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity were examined. Aβ1-42-treated mice significantly impaired acquisition activity in the learning curve at 10 days, 1 and 4 months in the Morris water-maze (MWM) task. This learning activity was back to normal at 8 months after Aβ1-42 treatment. In the probe trial test, Aβ1-42-treated mice needed longer latencies to touch the precious platform location and fewer numbers of crossing from 10 days to 4 months after microinjection. This Aβ1-42 induced memory loss was consistent with the results of the step-down passive avoidance test. The HPA axis related parameters, such as corticosterone (CORT) level in the serum, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRF-R) expression in the frontal cortex and hippocampus increased in Aβ1-42-treated mice from 10 days to 4 months. While the downstream molecules phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding (pCREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression decreased during this time. These effects were back to normal 8 months after treatment with Aβ1-42. Altogether, our results suggested that Aβ1-42 induced significant learning and memory impairment, which is involved in HPA axis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Naping Zhu
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yindi Sun
- Department of Traditional Medical Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianchun Pan
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jinsheng Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Jianwu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Guangjun Liu
- The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Affiliate Hospital of NanJing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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18
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Sim KY, Im KC, Park SG. The Functional Roles and Applications of Immunoglobulins in Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5295. [PMID: 32722559 PMCID: PMC7432158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural autoantibodies, immunoglobulins (Igs) that target self-proteins, are common in the plasma of healthy individuals; some of the autoantibodies play pathogenic roles in systemic or tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, the field of autoantibody-associated diseases has expanded to encompass neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), with related studies examining the functions of Igs in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent evidence suggests that Igs have various effects in the CNS; these effects are associated with the prevention of neurodegeneration, as well as induction. Here, we summarize the functional roles of Igs with respect to neurodegenerative disease (AD and PD), focusing on the target antigens and effector cell types. In addition, we review the current knowledge about the roles of these antibodies as diagnostic markers and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sung-Gyoo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea; (K.-Y.S.); (K.C.I.)
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19
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Mayordomo-Cava J, Iborra-Lázaro G, Djebari S, Temprano-Carazo S, Sánchez-Rodríguez I, Jeremic D, Gruart A, Delgado-García JM, Jiménez-Díaz L, Navarro-López JD. Impairments of Synaptic Plasticity Induction Threshold and Network Oscillatory Activity in the Hippocampus Underlie Memory Deficits in a Non-Transgenic Mouse Model of Amyloidosis. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070175. [PMID: 32698467 PMCID: PMC7407959 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In early Alzheimer disease (AD) models synaptic failures and upstreaming aberrant patterns of network synchronous activity result in hippocampal-dependent memory deficits. In such initial stage, soluble forms of Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides have been shown to play a causal role. Among different Aβ species, Aβ25-35 has been identified as the biologically active fragment, as induces major neuropathological signs related to early AD stages. Consequently, it has been extensively used to acutely explore the pathophysiological events related with neuronal dysfunction induced by soluble Aβ forms. However, the synaptic mechanisms underlying its toxic effects on hippocampal-dependent memory remain unresolved. Here, in an in vivo model of amyloidosis generated by intracerebroventricular injections of Aβ25-35 we studied the synaptic dysfunction mechanisms underlying hippocampal cognitive deficits. At the synaptic level, long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic excitation and inhibition was induced in CA1 region by high frequency simulation (HFS) applied to Schaffer collaterals. Aβ25-35 was found to alter metaplastic mechanisms of plasticity, facilitating long-term depression (LTD) of both types of LTP. In addition, aberrant synchronization of hippocampal network activity was found while at the behavioral level, deficits in hippocampal-dependent habituation and recognition memories emerged. Together, our results provide a substrate for synaptic disruption mechanism underlying hippocampal cognitive deficits present in Aβ25-35 amyloidosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mayordomo-Cava
- Neurophysiology and Behavioral Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.M.-C.); (G.I.-L.); (S.D.); (S.T.-C.); (I.S.-R.); (D.J.)
| | - Guillermo Iborra-Lázaro
- Neurophysiology and Behavioral Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.M.-C.); (G.I.-L.); (S.D.); (S.T.-C.); (I.S.-R.); (D.J.)
| | - Souhail Djebari
- Neurophysiology and Behavioral Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.M.-C.); (G.I.-L.); (S.D.); (S.T.-C.); (I.S.-R.); (D.J.)
| | - Sara Temprano-Carazo
- Neurophysiology and Behavioral Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.M.-C.); (G.I.-L.); (S.D.); (S.T.-C.); (I.S.-R.); (D.J.)
| | - Irene Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Neurophysiology and Behavioral Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.M.-C.); (G.I.-L.); (S.D.); (S.T.-C.); (I.S.-R.); (D.J.)
| | - Danko Jeremic
- Neurophysiology and Behavioral Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.M.-C.); (G.I.-L.); (S.D.); (S.T.-C.); (I.S.-R.); (D.J.)
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.G.); (J.M.D.-G.)
| | | | - Lydia Jiménez-Díaz
- Neurophysiology and Behavioral Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.M.-C.); (G.I.-L.); (S.D.); (S.T.-C.); (I.S.-R.); (D.J.)
- Correspondence: (L.J.-D.); (J.D.N.-L.)
| | - Juan D. Navarro-López
- Neurophysiology and Behavioral Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.M.-C.); (G.I.-L.); (S.D.); (S.T.-C.); (I.S.-R.); (D.J.)
- Correspondence: (L.J.-D.); (J.D.N.-L.)
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20
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Li XW, Li XX, Liu QS, Cheng Y. Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Autoantibody to Aβ Levels in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: a Meta-Analysis Study. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1208-1215. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Giannoni P, Claeysen S, Noe F, Marchi N. Peripheral Routes to Neurodegeneration: Passing Through the Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:3. [PMID: 32116645 PMCID: PMC7010934 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bidirectional crosstalk between peripheral players of immunity and the central nervous system (CNS) exists. Hence, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is emerging as a participant mechanism of dysregulated peripheral-CNS interplay, promoting diseases. Here, we examine the implication of BBB damage in neurodegeneration, linking it to peripheral brain-directed autoantibodies and gut-brain axis mechanisms. As BBB breakdown is a factor contributing to, or even anticipating, neuronal dysfunction(s), we here identify contemporary pharmacological strategies that could be exploited to repair the BBB in disease conditions. Developing neurovascular, add on, therapeutic strategies may lead to a more efficacious pre-clinical to clinical transition with the goal of curbing the progression of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Claeysen
- CNRS, INSERM U1191, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesco Noe
- HiLIFE – Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicola Marchi
- CNRS, INSERM U1191, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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22
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Canet G, Pineau F, Zussy C, Hernandez C, Hunt H, Chevallier N, Perrier V, Torrent J, Belanoff JK, Meijer OC, Desrumaux C, Givalois L. Glucocorticoid receptors signaling impairment potentiates amyloid-β oligomers-induced pathology in an acute model of Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2019; 34:1150-1168. [PMID: 31914623 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900723rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis occurs early in Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated with elevated circulating glucocorticoids (GC) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) signaling impairment. However, the precise role of GR in the pathophysiology of AD remains unclear. Using an acute model of AD induced by the intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β oligomers (oAβ), we analyzed cellular and behavioral hallmarks of AD, GR signaling pathways, processing of amyloid precursor protein, and enzymes involved in Tau phosphorylation. We focused on the prefrontal cortex (PFC), particularly rich in GR, early altered in AD and involved in HPA axis control and cognitive functions. We found that oAβ impaired cognitive and emotional behaviors, increased plasma GC levels, synaptic deficits, apoptosis and neuroinflammatory processes. Moreover, oAβ potentiated the amyloidogenic pathway and enzymes involved both in Tau hyperphosphorylation and GR activation. Treatment with a selective GR modulator (sGRm) normalized plasma GC levels and all behavioral and biochemical parameters analyzed. GR seems to occupy a central position in the pathophysiology of AD. Deregulation of the HPA axis and a feed-forward effect on PFC GR sensitivity could participate in the etiology of AD, in perturbing Aβ and Tau homeostasis. These results also reinforce the therapeutic potential of sGRm in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Canet
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Pineau
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Charleine Zussy
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Célia Hernandez
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Hazel Hunt
- Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Nathalie Chevallier
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Perrier
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Joan Torrent
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | | | - Onno C Meijer
- Einthoven Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Desrumaux
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Givalois
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
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23
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Lee JK, Li-Chan ECY, Cheung IWY, Jeon YJ, Ko JY, Byun HG. Neuroprotective Effect of β-secretase Inhibitory Peptide from Pacific Hake (Merluccius productus) Fish Protein Hydrolysate. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:1028-1038. [PMID: 31724512 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191113122046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various methodologies have been employed for the therapeutic interpolation of the progressive brain disorder Alzheimer's disease. Thus, β-secretase inhibition is significant to prevent disease progression in the early stages. OBJECTIVE This study seeks to purify and characterize a novel β-secretase inhibitory peptide from Pacific hake enzymatic hydrolysate. METHODS A potent β-secretase inhibitory peptide was isolated by sequential purifications using Sephadex G-25 column chromatography and octadecylsilane (ODS) C18 reversed-phase HPLC. A total of seven peptides were synthesized using the isolated peptide sequences. SH-SY5Y cells stably transfected with the human ''Swedish'' amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutation APP695 (SH-SY5YAPP695swe) were used as an in-vitro model system to investigate the effect of Leu-Asn peptide on APP processing. RESULTS The β-secretase inhibitory activity (IC50) of the purified peptide (Ser-Leu-Ala-Phe-Val-Asp- Asp-Val-Leu-Asn) from fish protein hydrolysate was 18.65 μM and dipeptide Leu-Asn was the most potent β-secretase inhibitor (IC50 value = 8.82 µM). When comparing all the seven peptides, the inhibition pattern of Leu-Asn dipeptide was found to be competitive by Lineweaver-Burk plot and Dixon plot (Ki value = 4.24 µM). The 24 h treatment with Leu-Asn peptide in SH-SY5Y cells resulted in reducing the β-amyloid (Aβ) production in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Therefore, the results of this study suggest that β-secretase inhibitory peptides derived from marine organisms could be potential candidates to develop nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals as antidementia agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kwon Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea.,Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eunice C Y Li-Chan
- Food, Nutrition & Health Program, Faculty of Land & Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Imelda W Y Cheung
- Food, Nutrition & Health Program, Faculty of Land & Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Ko
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hee-Guk Byun
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
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24
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Ruan L, Du K, Tao M, Shan C, Ye R, Tang Y, Pan H, Lv J, Zhang M, Pan J. Phosphodiesterase-2 Inhibitor Bay 60-7550 Ameliorates Aβ-Induced Cognitive and Memory Impairment via Regulation of the HPA Axis. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:432. [PMID: 31632240 PMCID: PMC6783519 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is often seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with cognitive deficits. Selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 and 5 has already proven to be effective in reducing beta-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42)-mediated pathology by regulating corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, suggesting that PDE-dependent signaling is involved in Aβ1-42-induced HPA axis dysfunction. However, nausea and vomiting are the side effects of some PDE4 inhibitors, which turn our attention to other PDEs. PDE2 are highly expressed in the hippocampus and cortex, which associate with learning and memory, but not in the area postrema that would cause vomiting. The present study suggested that microinjection of Aβ1-42 to the intracerebroventricle induced learning and memory impairments and dysregulation of the HPA axis by increased expression of CRF and GR. However, the PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 significantly ameliorated the learning and memory impairment in the Morris water maze (MWM) and step-down passive avoidance tests. The Aβ1-42-induced increased CRF and GR levels were also reversed by the treatment with Bay 60-7550. These Bay 60-7550's effects were prevented by pretreatment with the PKG inhibitor KT5823. Moreover, the Bay 60-7550-induced downstream phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding (pCREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was also prevented (or partially prevented) by KT5823 or the PKA inhibitor H89. These results may lead to the discovery of novel strategies for the treatment of age-related cognitive disorders, such as AD, which affects approximately 44 million people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ruan
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kai Du
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Tao
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruixuan Ye
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yali Tang
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hanbo Pan
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinpeng Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Meixi Zhang
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Pingyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pingyang County, China
| | - Jianchun Pan
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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25
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Bartos A, Fialová L, Švarcová J. Lower Serum Antibodies Against Tau Protein and Heavy Neurofilament in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:751-760. [PMID: 29966192 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike antibodies against amyloid-β, little is known about serum antibodies to neuron-specific cytoskeletal proteins in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE We aimed to study IgG autoantibodies against tau protein, light (NFL) and heavy subunits (NFH) of neurofilaments in serum of AD patients and elderly controls and to explore the evolution of antineurocytoskeletal antibody levels over time. METHODS Antibodies against three targets (tau, NFL, and NFH) were measured using ELISA in 100 serum samples from 51 cognitively normal elderly controls and 49 patients with AD. Our primary cross-sectional design was further extended to monitor fluctuations over 1-2 years in a subset of individuals. RESULTS The AD patients had lower levels of anti-tau antibodies (p = 0.03) and even lower anti-NFH antibodies (p = 0.005) than those in the control group at baseline. On the contrary, anti-NFL antibodies or total IgG concentrations in serum did not differ. All three antibodies remained stable in both groups except for a selective and significant anti-tau decline in AD patients (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The different responses to these antigens suggest some antibody selectivity in AD. The significant decline was observed for only serum anti-tau antibodies in AD patients over time and it corresponds to lower anti-tau levels in these patients. Our findings indicate a special feature of disease-relevant antigens and humoral autoimmunity in AD.
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26
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Cristóvão JS, Gomes CM. S100 Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:463. [PMID: 31156365 PMCID: PMC6532343 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
S100 proteins are calcium-binding proteins that regulate several processes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) but whose contribution and direct involvement in disease pathophysiology remains to be fully established. Due to neuroinflammation in AD patients, the levels of several S100 proteins are increased in the brain and some S100s play roles related to the processing of the amyloid precursor protein, regulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) levels and Tau phosphorylation. S100 proteins are found associated with protein inclusions, either within plaques or as isolated S100-positive puncta, which suggests an active role in the formation of amyloid aggregates. Indeed, interactions between S100 proteins and aggregating Aβ indicate regulatory roles over the aggregation process, which may either delay or aggravate aggregation, depending on disease stage and relative S100 and Aβ levels. Additionally, S100s are also known to influence AD-related signaling pathways and levels of other cytokines. Recent evidence also suggests that metal-ligation by S100 proteins influences trace metal homeostasis in the brain, particularly of zinc, which is also a major deregulated process in AD. Altogether, this evidence strongly suggests a role of S100 proteins as key players in several AD-linked physiopathological processes, which we discuss in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S. Cristóvão
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudio M. Gomes
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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27
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Abstract
S100B is a calcium-binding protein most abundant in neuronal tissue. It is expressed in glial cells and Schwann cells and exerts both intra- and extracellular effects. Depending on the concentration, secreted S100B exerts either trophic or toxic effects. Its functions have been extensively studied but are still not fully understood. It can be measured in cerebrospinal fluid and in blood, and increased S100B level in blood can be seen after, e.g., traumatic brain injury, certain neurodegenerative disorders, and malignant melanoma. This chapter provides a short background of protein S100B, commercially available methods of analysis, and its clinical use, especially as a biomarker in minor head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Astrand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Johan Undén
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Länssjukhuset Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
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28
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Hsu ET, Gangolli M, Su S, Holleran L, Stein TD, Alvarez VE, McKee AC, Schmidt RE, Brody DL. Astrocytic degeneration in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:955-972. [PMID: 30194648 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with repeated head traumas. Using immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein as a marker, plus automated quantitative analysis, we examined the characteristics and extent of astrogliosis present in stage III and IV CTE, along with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cases. Astrogliosis in CTE patients was more diffuse compared to that of AD and FTD patients, which was concentrated in the sulcal depths. Of 14 patients with CTE, 10 exhibited signs of a degenerating astrocyte pathology, characterized by beaded, broken astrocytic processes. This astrocytic degeneration was typically found to be diffuse throughout the white matter, although two cases demonstrated astrocytic degeneration in the gray matter. The degeneration was also observed in 2 of 3 AD and 2 of 3 FTD brains, with overall similar characteristics across diseases. There was minimal to no astrocytic degeneration in six age-matched controls with no neurodegenerative disease. We found that the extent of the white matter astrocytic degeneration was strongly correlated with the level of overall astrogliosis in both the white and gray matter. However, astrocytic degeneration was not correlated with the overall extent of tau pathology. Specifically, there was no correlation between levels of p-tau in the sulcal depths and astrocytic degeneration in the white matter adjacent to the sulcal depths. Thus, astrocytic degeneration and overall astrogliosis appear to represent distinct pathological features of CTE. Further investigation into these astroglial pathologies could provide new insights into underlying disease mechanisms and represent a potential target for in vivo assessment of CTE as well as other neurodegenerative disorders.
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29
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Abstract
The past decade has seen tremendous efforts in biomarker discovery and validation for neurodegenerative diseases. The source and type of biomarkers has continued to grow for central nervous system diseases, from biofluid-based biomarkers (blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)), to nucleic acids, tissue, and imaging. While DNA remains a predominant biomarker used to identify familial forms of neurodegenerative diseases, various types of RNA have more recently been linked to familial and sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases during the past few years. Imaging approaches continue to evolve and are making major contributions to target engagement and early diagnostic biomarkers. Incorporation of biomarkers into drug development and clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases promises to aid in the development and demonstration of target engagement and drug efficacy for neurologic disorders. This review will focus on recent advancements in developing biomarkers for clinical utility in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Bowser
- Iron Horse Diagnostics, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ, 85255, USA.
- Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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30
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Canet G, Chevallier N, Zussy C, Desrumaux C, Givalois L. Central Role of Glucocorticoid Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease and Depression. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:739. [PMID: 30459541 PMCID: PMC6232776 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the principal neurodegenerative pathology in the world displaying negative impacts on both the health and social ability of patients and inducing considerable economic costs. In the case of sporadic forms of AD (more than 95% of patients), even if mechanisms are unknown, some risk factors were identified. The principal risk is aging, but there is growing evidence that lifetime events like chronic stress or stress-related disorders may increase the probability to develop AD. This mini-review reinforces the rationale to consider major depressive disorder (MDD) as an important risk factor to develop AD and points the central role played by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, glucocorticoids (GC) and their receptors (GR) in the etiology of MDD and AD. Several strategies directly targeting GR were tested to neutralize the HPA axis dysregulation and GC overproduction. Given the ubiquitous expression of GR, antagonists have many undesired side effects, limiting their therapeutic potential. However, a new class of molecules was developed, highly selective and acting as modulators. They present the advantage to selectively abrogate pathogenic GR-dependent processes, while retaining beneficial aspects of GR signaling. In fact, these “selective GR modulators” induce a receptor conformation that allows activation of only a subset of downstream signaling pathways, explaining their capacity to combine agonistic and antagonistic properties. Thus, targeting GR with selective modulators, alone or in association with current strategies, becomes particularly attractive and relevant to develop novel preventive and/or therapeutic strategies to tackle disorders associated with a dysregulation of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Canet
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia Laboratory, INSERM, U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Chevallier
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia Laboratory, INSERM, U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Charleine Zussy
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia Laboratory, INSERM, U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Desrumaux
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia Laboratory, INSERM, U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Givalois
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia Laboratory, INSERM, U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
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Shen Y, Ye B, Chen P, Wang Q, Fan C, Shu Y, Xiang M. Cognitive Decline, Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease and Presbycusis: Examination of the Possible Molecular Mechanism. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:394. [PMID: 29937713 PMCID: PMC6002513 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidences of presbycusis and dementia are high among geriatric diseases. Presbycusis is the general term applied to age-related hearing loss and can be caused by many risk factors, such as noise exposure, smoking, medication, hypertension, family history, and other factors. Mutation of mitochondrial DNA in hair cells, spiral ganglion cells, and stria vascularis cells of the cochlea is the basic mechanism of presbycusis. Dementia is a clinical syndrome that includes the decline of cognitive and conscious states and is caused by many neurodegenerative diseases, of which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common. The amyloid cascade hypothesis and tau hypothesis are the two major hypotheses that describe the AD pathogenic mechanism. Recent studies have shown that deposition of Aβ and hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein may cause mitochondrial dysfunction. An increasing number of papers have reported that, on one hand, the auditory system function in AD patients is damaged as their cognitive ability declines and that, on the other hand, hearing loss may be a risk factor for dementia and AD. However, the relationship between presbycusis and AD is still unknown. By reviewing the relevant literature, we found that the SIRT1-PGC1α pathway and LKB1 (or CaMKKβ)-AMPK pathway may play a role in the preservation of cerebral neuron function by taking part in the regulation of mitochondrial function. Then vascular endothelial growth factor signal pathway is activated to promote vascular angiogenesis and maintenance of the blood–brain barrier integrity. Recently, experiments have also shown that their expression levels are altered in both presbycusis and AD mouse models. Therefore, we propose that exploring the specific molecular link between presbycusis and AD may provide new ideas for their prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Penghui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilai Shu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, EENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Environmental enrichment and exercise are better than social enrichment to reduce memory deficits in amyloid beta neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2403-E2409. [PMID: 29463708 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718435115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, nongenetic animal models to study the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have appeared, such as the intrahippocampal infusion of peptides present in Alzheimer amyloid plaques [i.e., amyloid-β (Aβ)]. Nonpharmacological approaches to AD treatment also have been advanced recently, which involve combinations of behavioral interventions whose specific effects are often difficult to determine. Here we isolate the neuroprotective effects of three of these interventions-environmental enrichment (EE), anaerobic physical exercise (AnPE), and social enrichment (SE)-on Aβ-induced oxidative stress and on impairments in learning and memory induced by Aβ. Wistar rats were submitted to 8 wk of EE, AnPE, or SE, followed by Aβ infusion in the dorsal hippocampus. Short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) of object recognition (OR) and social recognition (SR) were evaluated. Biochemical assays determined hippocampal oxidative status: reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) test, and total antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), as well as acetylcholinesterase activity. Aβ infusion resulted in memory deficits and hippocampal oxidative damage. EE and AnPE prevented all memory deficits (STM and LTM of OR and SR) and lipid peroxidation (i.e., TBARS). SE prevented only the SR memory deficits and the decrease of total antioxidant capacity decrease (i.e., FRAP). Traditionally, findings obtained with EE protocols do not allow discrimination of the roles of the three individual factors involved. Here we demonstrate that EE and physical exercise have better neuroprotective effects than SE in memory deficits related to Aβ neurotoxicity in the AD model tested.
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Autoantibodies against myelin sheath and S100β are associated with cognitive dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:1959-1968. [PMID: 28656478 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with cognitive impairment and peripheral production of autoantibodies. Autoantibodies against central nervous system (CNS) proteins and S100 calcium-binding β (S100β) were found increased in diseases characterized by cognitive impairment like Alzheimer disease and Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE). The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma levels of autoantibodies against myelin basic protein (anti-MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-MOG) and S100β, and their relationships with cognitive performance in RA patients. Twenty patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and 19 age-, sex-, and schooling-matched healthy controls were recruited. Multiple dimensions of cognitive function were evaluated by structured clinical questionnaires. Autoantibodies and S100β levels were assessed by ELISAs. Patients had significantly higher levels of anti-MBP IgG (17.51 ± 1.36 vs. 5.24 ± 0.53 ng/mL), anti-MOG IgG (5.68 ± 1.34 vs. 0.51 ± 0.49 ng/mL), and S100β protein (2.24 ± 0.50 vs. 0.47 ± 0.06) than controls (all p < 0.0001). After adjusting for potential confounders, RA group presented worse cognitive performance involving the working memory and executive functions such as inhibition, flexibility, and mental control in parallel to higher autoantibodies and S100β levels than healthy controls (all p < 0.001). Levels of anti-MBP were negatively associated with delayed verbal recall (DVR; r = -0.42, p = 0.005), Stroop Color-Word (r = -0.48, p = 0.004), and N-Back Total scores (r = -0.59, p < 0.0001) and positively with Trail Making Test B (TMB, r = 0.53, p = 0.001). Negative correlation was found between levels of anti-MOG and DVR (r = -0.64, p < 0.0001), N-Back Total scores (r = -0.35, p = 0.03), Stroop Color-Word (r = -0.51, p = 0.001), and positively with TMB (r = 0.50, p = 0.003). S100β levels were associated with DVR (r = -0.51, p = 0.002), TMB (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), Stroop Color-Word (r = -0.67, p < 0.0001), and N-Back Total (r = -0.52, p = 0.003). RA is associated with impaired cognitive performance associated with higher levels of CNS-related autoantibodies and S100β levels. Given the importance of myelin integrity to cognition, our data indicate that these autoantibodies may be harmful to proper cognitive function.
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Xia DY, Huang X, Bi CF, Mao LL, Peng LJ, Qian HR. PGC-1α or FNDC5 Is Involved in Modulating the Effects of Aβ 1-42 Oligomers on Suppressing the Expression of BDNF, a Beneficial Factor for Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis, Aβ Deposition and Cognitive Decline of APP/PS1 Tg Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:65. [PMID: 28377712 PMCID: PMC5359257 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is generally defined as the aberrant production of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, which are deposited in β-amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), respectively. Decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been detected in patients with AD compared to control subjects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving the downregulation of the BDNF remain unknown. Therefore, we explored the mechanisms underlying the regulation of BDNF in the neurons of APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice, an AD experimental model. Using the APP/PS1 Tg mice, we found that BDNF expression was markedly downregualted at the age of 3- and 9-month-old. After cerebroventricular injection (i.c.v) of Aβ1-42 oligomers into the mice, BDNF was also found to be decreased, which demonstrated the critical roles of the Aβ1-42 oligomers in regulating the expression of BDNF. In neuronal culture, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) were found to be downregulated by treatment with the Aβ1-42 oligomers. In addition, overexpression of either PGC-1α or FNDC5 reversed the suppressive effects of the Aβ1-42 oligomers on the expression of BDNF in neuroblastoma 2a (n2a) cells. More importantly, elevating the levels of PGC-1α, FNDC5 or BDNF in the n2a cells counteracted the effects of the Aβ1-42 oligomers on neuronal apoptosis. Additionally, intranasal administration BDNF in the APP/PS1 Tg mice decreased the Aβ deposition and reduced the cognitive decline of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Yu Xia
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Navy Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Chong-Feng Bi
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Navy Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Navy Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Peng
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Navy Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Rong Qian
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Navy Beijing, China
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35
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Yin W, M. Stover C. The potential of circulating autoantibodies in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2017.2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Counts SE, Ikonomovic MD, Mercado N, Vega IE, Mufson EJ. Biomarkers for the Early Detection and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:35-53. [PMID: 27738903 PMCID: PMC5233625 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent failures of potential disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may reflect the fact that the enrolled participants in clinical trials are already too advanced to derive a clinical benefit. Thus, well-validated biomarkers for the early detection and accurate diagnosis of the preclinical stages of AD will be crucial for therapeutic advancement. The combinatorial use of biomarkers derived from biological fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with advanced molecular imaging and neuropsychological testing may eventually achieve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity necessary to identify people in the earliest stages of the disease when drug modification is most likely possible. In this regard, positive amyloid or tau tracer retention on positron emission tomography imaging, low CSF concentrations of the amyloid-β 1-42 peptide, high CSF concentrations in total tau and phospho-tau, mesial temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging, and temporoparietal/precuneus hypometabolism or hypoperfusion on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography have all emerged as biomarkers for the progression to AD. However, the ultimate AD biomarker panel will likely involve the inclusion of novel CSF and blood biomarkers more precisely associated with confirmed pathophysiologic mechanisms to improve its reliability for detecting preclinical AD. This review highlights advancements in biological fluid and imaging biomarkers that are moving the field towards achieving the goal of a preclinical detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natosha Mercado
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Irving E Vega
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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37
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Functional modulation of strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors in rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons by amyloid-β protein (1-42). Brain Res 2016; 1651:61-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Gulati G, Iffland PH, Janigro D, Zhang B, Luggen ME. Anti-NR2 antibodies, blood-brain barrier, and cognitive dysfunction. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 35:2989-2997. [PMID: 27357716 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In animal models, antibodies to NR2 subunit of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (anti-NR2) cause memory impairment, but only with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption or intrathecal administration. Several studies have failed to find association of aNR2 with CD, but none have assessed BBB integrity. S100B, an astrocyte-specific protein, has been used as biomarker of BBB disruption in traumatic brain injury and some neurodegenerative disorders. Antibodies to this immunologically privileged protein (anti-S100B) might indicate preceding BBB disruption. We hypothesized that aNR2 antibody is pathogenic in SLE patients only with BBB disruption. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data was collected from patients with SLE. Total throughput score (TTS) of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) was used as primary outcome measure. CD was defined as TTS < 1.5 SD below an age-, sex-, and race-matched RA population mean. Serum was analyzed by established ELISA techniques. Fifty-seven patients were evaluated and 12 had CD. Age, ethnicity, and family income were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). In a multiple regression model adjusting for other variables, no significant effects of anti-NR2, S100B, or anti-S100B on TTS were found. Even at high levels of S100B and anti-S100B, no significant influence of anti-NR2 on TTS was found. The anti-NR2 was not associated with CD in SLE even in context of potential BBB disruption. This suggests that, if pathogenic, these antibodies may be produced intrathecally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gulati
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Medical Sciences Building (MSB), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0563, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Philip H Iffland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Damir Janigro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michael E Luggen
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Medical Sciences Building (MSB), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0563, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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The misfolded pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 disrupts memory via neurochemical remodelling instigating an Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive deficit. Behav Brain Res 2016; 306:106-16. [PMID: 26965570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Memory deficits may develop from a variety of neuropathologies including Alzheimer's disease dementia. During neurodegenerative conditions there are contributory factors such as neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis involved in memory impairment. In the present study, dual properties of S100A9 protein as a pro-inflammatory and amyloidogenic agent were explored in the passive avoidance memory task along with neurochemical assays in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of aged mice. S100A9 oligomers and fibrils were generated in vitro and verified by AFM, Thioflavin T and A11 antibody binding. Native S100A9 as well as S100A9 oligomers and fibrils or their combination were administered intranasally over 14 days followed by behavioral and neurochemical analysis. Both oligomers and fibrils evoked amnestic activity which correlated with disrupted prefrontal cortical and hippocampal dopaminergic neurochemistry. The oligomer-fibril combination produced similar but weaker neurochemistry to the fibrils administered alone but without passive avoidance amnesia. Native S100A9 did not modify memory task performance even though it generated a general and consistent decrease in monoamine levels (DA, 5-HT and NA) and increased metabolic marker ratios of DA and 5-HT turnover (DOPAC/DA, HVA/DA and 5-HIAA) in the prefrontal cortex. These results provide insight into a novel pathogenetic mechanism underlying amnesia in a fear-aggravated memory task based on amyloidogenesis of a pro-inflammatory factor leading to disrupted brain neurochemistry in the aged brain. The data further suggests that amyloid species of S100A9 create deleterious effects principally on the dopaminergic system and this novel finding might be potentially exploited during dementia management through a neuroprotective strategy.
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Wu J, Li L. Autoantibodies in Alzheimer's disease: potential biomarkers, pathogenic roles, and therapeutic implications. J Biomed Res 2016; 30:361-372. [PMID: 27476881 PMCID: PMC5044708 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20150131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. The etiology of AD has not been fully defined and currently there is no cure for this devastating disease. Compelling evidence suggests that the immune system plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of AD. Autoantibodies against a variety of molecules have been associated with AD. The roles of these autoantibodies in AD, however, are not well understood. This review attempts to summarize recent findings on these autoantibodies and explore their potential as diagnostic/ prognostic biomarkers for AD, their roles in the pathogenesis of AD, and their implications in the development of effective immunotherapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Zou J, Zuo Z, Yao Z. Continuous vaccinations of 4Aβ1-15 induces specific fluctuation of inflammatory factors accompany with pathologic alterations alleviation in APP/PS1 mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:2674-81. [PMID: 26295455 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1034922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The common pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is β-amyloid plaques deposition. Immunotherapy is a revolutionary pharmacological treatment for AD, aiming at improving plaque clearance while concomitantly decreasing inflammation. Our previous study prepared antigen 4Aβ1-15 and found that it could alleviate pathologic alterations in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. The objective of our study was to research the changing processes induced by immunotherapy, including the inflammatory factor levels and microglial activation that is closely associated with Aβ burdens clearance. APP/PS1 mice were injected with 4Aβ1-15 6 times. Each time, the inflammatory factors in sera were detected, and a specific fluctuation that first increased and then decreased was found, in which there was a turning point after the third injection. It prompted us to further detect the indicators in the brains after the third injection and the sixth injection. The results showed that the therapeutic effects for Aβ burdens and behaviors were continuously improved during the whole immune processes, whereas the inflammatory factor levels and microglial activation experienced similar specific fluctuations. The novel discovery may provide convenient methods for further detection and evaluation of immunotherapy in disease courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology ; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Qingqing Li
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology ; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Juntao Zou
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology ; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Zejie Zuo
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology ; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Zhibin Yao
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology ; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , PR China
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Gao Q, Fan Y, Mu LY, Ma L, Song ZQ, Zhang YN. S100B and ADMA in cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive dysfunction. J Neurol Sci 2015; 354:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Autoantibodies in traumatic brain injury and central nervous system trauma. Neuroscience 2014; 281:16-23. [PMID: 25220901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the debilitating consequences and the widespread prevalence of brain trauma insults including spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), there are currently few effective therapies for most of brain trauma sequelae. As a consequence, there has been a major quest for identifying better diagnostic tools, predictive models, and directed neurotherapeutic strategies in assessing brain trauma. Among the hallmark features of brain injury pathology is the central nervous systems' (CNS) abnormal activation of the immune response post-injury. Of interest, is the occurrence of autoantibodies which are produced following CNS trauma-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and released into peripheral circulation mounted against self-brain-specific proteins acting as autoantigens. Recently, autoantibodies have been proposed as the new generation class of biomarkers due to their long-term presence in serum compared to their counterpart antigens. The diagnostic and prognostic value of several existing autoantibodies is currently being actively studied. Furthermore, the degree of direct and latent contribution of autoantibodies to CNS insult is still not fully characterized. It is being suggested that there may be an analogy of CNS autoantibodies secretion with the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases, in which case, understanding and defining the role of autoantibodies in brain injury paradigm (SCI and TBI) may provide a realistic prospect for the development of effective neurotherapy. In this work, we will discuss the accumulating evidence about the appearance of autoantibodies following brain injury insults. Furthermore, we will provide perspectives on their potential roles as pathological components and as candidate markers for detecting and assessing CNS injury.
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Lack of synaptic vesicle protein SV2B protects against amyloid-β25–35-induced oxidative stress, cholinergic deficit and cognitive impairment in mice. Behav Brain Res 2014; 271:277-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bargerstock E, Puvenna V, Iffland P, Falcone T, Hossain M, Vetter S, Man S, Dickstein L, Marchi N, Ghosh C, Carvalho-Tavares J, Janigro D. Is peripheral immunity regulated by blood-brain barrier permeability changes? PLoS One 2014; 9:e101477. [PMID: 24988410 PMCID: PMC4079719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
S100B is a reporter of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity which appears in blood when the BBB is breached. Circulating S100B derives from either extracranial sources or release into circulation by normal fluctuations in BBB integrity or pathologic BBB disruption (BBBD). Elevated S100B matches the clinical presence of indices of BBBD (gadolinium enhancement or albumin coefficient). After repeated sub-concussive episodes, serum S100B triggers an antigen-driven production of anti-S100B autoantibodies. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of S100B in extracranial tissue is due to peripheral cellular uptake of serum S100B by antigen presenting cells, which may induce the production of auto antibodies against S100B. To test this hypothesis, we used animal models of seizures, enrolled patients undergoing repeated BBBD, and collected serum samples from epileptic patients. We employed a broad array of techniques, including immunohistochemistry, RNA analysis, tracer injection and serum analysis. mRNA for S100B was segregated to barrier organs (testis, kidney and brain) but S100B protein was detected in immunocompetent cells in spleen, thymus and lymph nodes, in resident immune cells (Langerhans, satellite cells in heart muscle, etc.) and BBB endothelium. Uptake of labeled S100B by rat spleen CD4+ or CD8+ and CD86+ dendritic cells was exacerbated by pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus which is accompanied by BBBD. Clinical seizures were preceded by a surge of serum S100B. In patients undergoing repeated therapeutic BBBD, an autoimmune response against S100B was measured. In addition to its role in the central nervous system and its diagnostic value as a BBBD reporter, S100B may integrate blood-brain barrier disruption to the control of systemic immunity by a mechanism involving the activation of immune cells. We propose a scenario where extravasated S100B may trigger a pathologic autoimmune reaction linking systemic and CNS immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Bargerstock
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vikram Puvenna
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Philip Iffland
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Falcone
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Hossain
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stephen Vetter
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shumei Man
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leah Dickstein
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chaitali Ghosh
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Juliana Carvalho-Tavares
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Damir Janigro
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Flocel, Inc. Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Beta-amyloid auto-antibodies are reduced in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 274:168-73. [PMID: 25022335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation and cytotoxicity of amyloid beta (Aβ) are understood as the major cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is evidence that naturally occurring antibodies against amyloid beta (Aβ) protein play a role in Aβ-clearance, and such a mechanism appears to be impaired in AD. In the present study, the anti-Aβ antibodies in the serum from individuals with and without late onset AD were measured using ELISA and dot-blot methods. Aβ auto-antibodies in serum were mainly targeted to Aβ1-15 epitope and its titer was significantly lower in AD patients than elderly non-AD controls (NC). The dot-blot analysis further demonstrated that auto-antibodies against fibrillar Aβ42, Aβ1-15 and Aβ16-30 epitopes were all in a lower level in AD than in NC. The isotypes of the auto-antibodies were mainly non-inflammatory IgG2 type. We also analyzed the relationship of auto-Aβ antibody levels with the genotypes of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and ANKK1/DRD2 gene.
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Whiteley CG. Arginine metabolising enzymes as targets against Alzheimers’ disease. Neurochem Int 2014; 67:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Padayachee ER, Arowolo A, Whiteley CG. Nanomedicine: Action of Metal Nanoparticles on Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase—Fluorimetric Analysis on the Mechanism for Fibrillogenesis. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:194-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Campolongo P, Ratano P, Ciotti MT, Florenzano F, Nori SL, Marolda R, Palmery M, Rinaldi AM, Zona C, Possenti R, Calissano P, Severini C. Systemic administration of substance P recovers beta amyloid-induced cognitive deficits in rat: involvement of Kv potassium channels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78036. [PMID: 24265678 PMCID: PMC3827079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced levels of Substance P (SP), an endogenous neuropeptide endowed with neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic properties, have been found in brain and spinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Potassium (K(+)) channel dysfunction is implicated in AD development and the amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced up-regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel subunits could be considered a significant step in Aβ brain toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether SP could reduce, in vivo, Aβ-induced overexpression of Kv subunits. Rats were intracerebroventricularly infused with amyloid-β 25-35 (Aβ25-35, 20 µg) peptide. SP (50 µg/Kg, i.p.) was daily administered, for 7 days starting from the day of the surgery. Here we demonstrate that the Aβ infused rats showed impairment in cognitive performances in the Morris water maze task 4 weeks after Aβ25-35 infusion and that this impairing effect was prevented by SP administration. Kv1.4, Kv2.1 and Kv4.2 subunit levels were quantified in hippocampus and in cerebral cortex by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. Interestingly, SP reduced Kv1.4 levels overexpressed by Aβ, both in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Our findings provide in vivo evidence for a neuroprotective activity of systemic administration of SP in a rat model of AD and suggest a possible mechanism underlying this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ratano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Florenzano
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
- European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Lucia Nori
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Medicine Campus, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Roberta Marolda
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Palmery
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Rinaldi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Zona
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Possenti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Severini
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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High-mobility group box-1 protein and β-amyloid oligomers promote neuronal differentiation of adult hippocampal neural progenitors via receptor for advanced glycation end products/nuclear factor-κB axis: relevance for Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2013; 33:6047-59. [PMID: 23554486 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2052-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated hippocampal neurogenesis has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which it may potentially represent an auto-reparatory mechanism that could counteract neuronal loss and cognitive impairment. We evaluated hippocampal neurogenesis in TgCRND8 mice and reported that, at 32 weeks of age, corresponding to an advanced AD-like neuropathology stage, increased numbers of proliferating cells, doublecortin-expressing progenitors/neuroblasts, and early postmitotic calretinin-expressing neurons were present compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. When hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPCs) were isolated from TgCRND8 mice, we demonstrated that (1) their neurogenic potential was higher compared with WT NPCs; (2) medium conditioned by TgCRND8 NPC promoted neuronal differentiation of WT NPCs; and (3) the proneurogenic effect of TgCRND8-conditioned medium was counteracted by blockade of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) axis. Furthermore, we showed that β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ(1-42)) oligomers, but not monomers and fibrils, and the alarmin high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) could promote neuronal differentiation of NPCs via activation of the RAGE/NF-κB axis. Altogether, these data suggest that, in AD brain, an endogenous proneurogenic response could be potentially triggered and involve signals (Aβ(1-42) oligomers and HMGB-1) and pathways (RAGE/NF-κB activation) that also contribute to neuroinflammation/neurotoxicity. A more detailed analysis confirmed no significant increase of new mature neurons in hippocampi of TgCRND8 compared with WT mice, suggesting reduced survival and/or integration of newborn neurons. Therapeutic strategies in AD should ideally combine the ability of sustaining hippocampal neurogenesis as well as of counteracting an hostile brain microenvironment so to promote survival of vulnerable cell populations, including adult generated neurons.
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