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Ghesmati Z, Rashid M, Fayezi S, Gieseler F, Alizadeh E, Darabi M. An update on the secretory functions of brown, white, and beige adipose tissue: Towards therapeutic applications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:279-308. [PMID: 38051471 PMCID: PMC10942928 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue, is vital in modulating whole-body energy metabolism. While WAT primarily stores energy, BAT dissipates energy as heat for thermoregulation. Beige adipose tissue is a hybrid form of adipose tissue that shares characteristics with WAT and BAT. Dysregulation of adipose tissue metabolism is linked to various disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infertility. Both brown and beige adipocytes secrete multiple molecules, such as batokines, packaged in extracellular vesicles or as soluble signaling molecules that play autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine roles. A greater understanding of the adipocyte secretome is essential for identifying novel molecular targets in treating metabolic disorders. Additionally, microRNAs show crucial roles in regulating adipose tissue differentiation and function, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for metabolic disorders. The browning of WAT has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in treating obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Many browning agents have been identified, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been developed to enhance their efficacy. This review scrutinizes the characteristics of and differences between white, brown, and beige adipose tissues, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the adipocytes, the significant roles of batokines, and regulatory microRNAs active in different adipose tissues. Finally, the potential of WAT browning in treating obesity and atherosclerosis, the relationship of BAT with cancer and fertility disorders, and the crosstalk between adipose tissue with circadian system and circadian disorders are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghesmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Fayezi
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Gieseler
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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Corrie L, Singh H, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Paiva-Santos AC, Veiga F, Alotaibi F, Alam A, Eri RD, Prasher P, Adams J, Paudel KR, Dua K, Singh SK. Polysaccharide-fecal microbiota-based colon-targeted self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of curcumin for treating polycystic ovarian syndrome. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03029-3. [PMID: 38507103 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Modulating the gut microbiome can lead to eubiosis and treatment of various metabolic conditions. However, there is no proper study assessing the delivery of microbial technology for the treatment of such conditions. The present study involves the development of guar gum-pectin-based solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) containing curcumin (CCM) and fecal microbiota extract (FME) for the treatment of PCOS. The optimized S-SNEDDS containing FME and CCM was prepared by dissolving CCM (25 mg) in an isotropic mixture consisting of Labrafil M 1944 CS, Transcutol P, and Tween-80 and solidified using lactose monohydrate, aerosil-200, guar gum, and pectin (colon-targeted CCM solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system [CCM-CT-S-SNEDDS]). Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation was carried out on letrozole-induced female Wistar rats. The results of pharmacokinetic studies indicated about 13.11 and 23.48-fold increase in AUC of CCM-loaded colon-targeted S-SNEDDS without FME (CCM-CT-S-SNEDDS (WFME)) and CCM-loaded colon-targeted S-SNEDDS with FME [(CCM-CT-S-SNEDDS (FME)) as compared to unprocessed CCM. The pharmacodynamic study indicated excellent recovery/reversal in the rats treated with CCM-CT-S-SNEDDS low and high dose containing FME (group 13 and group 14) in a dose-dependent manner. The developed formulation showcasing its improved bioavailability, targeted action, and therapeutic activity in ameliorating PCOS can be utilized as an adjuvant therapy for developing a dosage form, scale-up, and technology transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Hardeep Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Faisal Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy (Al-Duwadimi Campus), Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaraman D Eri
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Quan Y, Lu F, Zhang Y. Use of brown adipose tissue transplantation and engineering as a thermogenic therapy in obesity and metabolic disease. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13677. [PMID: 38114233 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The induction of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is emerging as an attractive therapy for obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of clinical pharmaceutical agents have yet to be fully characterized. The transplantation of brown adipose tissue represents an alternative approach that might have a therapeutic effect by inducing a long-term increase in energy expenditure. However, limited tissue resources hinder the development of transplantation. Stem cell-based therapy and brown adipose tissue engineering, in addition to transplantation, represent alternative approaches that might resolve this problem. In this article, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms and applications of brown adipose tissue transplantation in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Specifically, the induction of brown adipocytes and the fabrication of engineered brown adipose tissue as novel transplantation resources have long-term effects on ameliorating metabolic defects in rodent models. Additionally, we explore future prospects regarding the development of three-dimensional engineered brown adipose tissue and the associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Quan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yan Y, Di F, Zhang R, Song L, Zhang R, Qiu J. Arachidonic acid inhibit granulosa cell function by affecting metabolic function of liver in brown adipose transplantation rats. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:43. [PMID: 38374173 PMCID: PMC10875878 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological endocrine disease and could be considered a metabolic disease because it is often accompanied by obesity and insulin resistance. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplantation has been shown to be effective in treating PCOS rats. RESULTS The study demonstrated that BAT successfully recovered the reproductive and metabolic phenotype of PCOS rats. The disorder estrous cycle, abnormal hyperglycemia and the expression of liver factors were improved. Differentially expressed metabolites were analyzed, among them, arachidonic acid may play a role in inhibiting cell proliferation, enhancing oxidative stress reaction, promoting estrogen expression, and reducing progesterone level in KGN cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that BAT transplantation may be a therapeutic strategy for PCOS by changing the expression of some cytokines and metabolites. Differentially expressed metabolites might be crucially important for the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Fangfang Di
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Liwen Song
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Runjie Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Jin Qiu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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Sirotkin AV. Positive effects of rutin on female reproduction. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14540. [PMID: 38404048 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This article reviews the source and properties of rutin (vitamin P), its general physiological and medicinal effects and their mechanisms, but the main subject of it is the currently available knowledge concerning the character and mechanisms of action of rutin on female reproductive processes. The available data demonstrate the stimulatory action of rutin on female reproductive processes: it can promote ovarian follicles development and ovulation, ovarian cyclicity, and viability of ovarian cells. On the other hand, it can suppress ovarian cancer cell and tumour development by inhibition of cell proliferation and growth and activation of their apoptosis and death. Furthermore, it could be able to prevent other reproductive disorders (ischaemia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, toxic effects of chemotherapy, nanoparticles and toluene). Rutin could exert its effects via changes in the release and reception of gonadotropin, ovarian steroid hormones, prostaglandins, cytokines, VEGF, as well as in intracellular regulators and markers of oxidative and inflammatory processes, proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis.
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Abbasi K, Zarezadeh R, Valizadeh A, Mehdizadeh A, Hamishehkar H, Nouri M, Darabi M. White-brown adipose tissue interplay in polycystic ovary syndrome: Therapeutic avenues. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116012. [PMID: 38159686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study highlights the therapeutic potential of activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) for managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. BAT plays a crucial role in regulating energy expenditure and systemic insulin sensitivity, making it an attractive target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Recent research suggests that impaired BAT function and mass may contribute to the link between metabolic disturbances and reproductive issues in PCOS. Additionally, abnormal white adipose tissue (WAT) can exacerbate these conditions by releasing adipokines and nonesterified fatty acids. In this review, we explored the impact of WAT changes on BAT function in PCOS and discussed the potential of BAT activation as a therapeutic strategy to improve PCOS symptoms. We propose that BAT activation holds promise for managing PCOS; however, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and to develop clinically feasible methods for BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Valizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.
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Zhao XY, Wang JQ, Neely GG, Shi YC, Wang QP. Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:797-838. [PMID: 38083970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ulug E, Pinar AA. A New Approach to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Related Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors: Dietary Polyphenols. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:508-526. [PMID: 37530952 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology and causing various reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological, and psychological complications. Recent meta-analyses and systemic reviews showed that PCOS increases the risk factor for various cardio-metabolic complications like insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. In addition to these, it was suggested that chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress are the underlying mechanisms of PCOS-mediated metabolic consequences and might trigger cardio-metabolic risk in women with PCOS. At this point, there is substantial evidence to suggest that various non-nutrient food components modulate cardio-metabolic health together with inflammation and oxidative stress. RECENT FINDINGS Increasing the intake of dietary polyphenols might reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and thus alleviate the risk of metabolic, endothelial, and cardiovascular disorders. Nowadays, there are an increasing number of studies related to the effects of dietary polyphenols on PCOS and its accompanying cardio-metabolic disturbances. Currently, there is a cumulative number of studies connected to the effects of dietary polyphenols on PCOS and accompanying cardio-metabolic disturbances. However, there is a lack of knowledge in combining the probable mechanisms of dietary polyphenols on PCOS and related cardio-metabolic consequences. Thus, the effects of dietary polyphenols on PCOS and accompanying cardio-metabolic disturbances need to be discussed and evaluated with underlying mechanisms. Consequently, this review was written to reveal the potential effects of dietary polyphenols on PCOS and related metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in all their aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ulug
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Acikgoz Pinar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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Santos WLL, da Silva Pinheiro C, de Oliveira Santos R, da Silva ACA, Severo JS, Mendes PHM, de Sousa LC, de Sousa OMC, Dos Santos BLB, de Oliveira KBV, Freitas AK, Torres-Leal FL, Dos Santos AA, da Silva MTB. Physical exercise alleviates oxidative stress in brown adipose tissue and causes changes in body composition and nutritional behavior in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome. Life Sci 2023; 325:121754. [PMID: 37156395 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine disorder in women. We investigate the effect of physical exercise on body composition, nutritional parameters, and oxidative stress in rats with PCOS. METHODS Female rats were into three groups: Control, PCOS, and PCOS + Exercise. PCOS was induced by letrozole (1 mg/kg via p.o.) for 21 days consecutively. Physical exercise was swimming, for 21 consecutive days, 1 h/day with 5 % load. In all groups, we assessed the nutritional and murinometric parameters, body composition, thermography, and oxidative stress in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and peri-ovarian adipose tissue (POAT). KEY FINDINGS In PCOS we observed an increase (P < 0.05) in body weight vs. the Control group. But, the PCOS + Exercise group prevent this weight gain (P < 0.05). The temperature in BAT, decrease (P < 0.05) in the PCOS group vs. Control group. PCOS + Exercise prevented this reduction (P < 0.05) in BAT temperature vs. PCOS groups. We observed decreases (P < 0.05) in Lee Index and BMI in POS + Exercise vs. PCOS group. In PCOS rats, we observed an increase (P < 0.05) in murinometric (SRWG, EI, and FE) and body composition parameters (TWB, ECF, ICF, and FFM) vs. the Control group. The PCOS + Exercise prevents (P < 0.05) these changes in all groups, compared with PCOS. Regarding the BAT, we observe an increase (P < 0.05) in MPO and MDA levels in the PCOS vs. Control group. PCOS + Exercise prevents (P < 0.05) these increases vs. the PCOS group. SIGNIFICANCE PCOS modifies body composition, and nutritional parameters, and induces changes in oxidative stress in BAT. Physical exercise prevented these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Lúcia Lima Santos
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Clailson da Silva Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Alda Cassia Alves da Silva
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Juliana Soares Severo
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Moraes Mendes
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Luiza Carolinda de Sousa
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Olga Maria Castro de Sousa
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | - António Klingem Freitas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Moises Tolentino Bento da Silva
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Laboratory of Physiology. Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology. Institute of the Biomedical Science Abel Salazar - ICBAS, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Zheng R, Shen H, Li J, Zhao J, Lu L, Hu M, Lin Z, Ma H, Tan H, Hu M, Li J. Qi Gong Wan ameliorates adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in adipose tissue in a PCOS mouse model through the Nrf2/HO-1/Cyp1b1 pathway: Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115824. [PMID: 36273747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Initially recorded in Yifang Jijie (an ancient Chinese text), Qi Gong Wan (QGW) is used to treat obese women with infertility. QGW can help promote follicular development and maturation, regulate the balance of serum hormones between testosterone and estradiol, enhance endometrial receptivity, improve waist circumference, and ameliorate insulin resistance. It contains eight herbs: Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino (Banxia), Citrus maxima (Burm.) (Juhong), Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. (Fuling), Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (Baizhu), Cyperus rotundus L. (Xiangfu), Conioselinum anthriscoides 'Chuanxiong' (Chuanxiong), Massa Medicata Fermentata (Shenqu), and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. (Gancao). However, the underlying mechanism of how QGW affects women with PCOS remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY QGW has been widely used to treat PCOS patients with obesity clinically. This study was designed to identify its chemical and pharmacological properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology was used to predict the active compounds, potential targets, and pathways of QGW. Female C57BL/6J mice were injected with letrozole and fed a high-fat diet to establish a PCOS-insulin resistance (PCOS-IR) model. Body weight, estrous cycles, ovarian pathology, and serum insulin resistance were measured. qRT-PCR was used to examine the inflammation-related and steroid hormone biosynthesis-related mRNA expression in adipose tissue. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and Cyp1b1 in adipose tissue. Molecular docking was used to reveal the key chemical compounds of QGW. RESULTS Network pharmacology revealed a total of 91 active ingredients in QGW that were associated with 167 targets. QGW could potentially treat PCOS-IR via nitrogen metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and ovarian steroidogenesis pathways. In the PCOS-IR mouse model, we found that QGW decreased the mean diameter of adipocytes and the total adipocyte area. Furthermore, QGW was found to significantly lower the expression of inflammation-related genes including Tnfɑ and C4a/b and the steroid hormone biosynthesis-related gene Cyp1b1. QGW showed a tendency to improve cystic follicles, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR index in the PCOS-IR mouse model. Combining these findings with the results of KEGG analysis, we conclude that QGW promotes the Nrf2/HO-1/Cyp1b1 pathway to protect adipose tissue under conditions of PCOS. Molecular docking revealed that rutin, nicotiflorin, and baicalein may be the key chemical compounds of QGW through which it improves adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS QGW improved adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in the PCOS-IR mouse model by activating the Nrf2/HO-1/Cyp1b1 pathway to protect adipose tissue. Our work thus provides a new research avenue for the study of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqun Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansen Zhao
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingjing Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mianhao Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zixin Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Karam M, Najjar H, El Sabban M, Hamade A, Najjar F. Regenerative Medicine for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Stem Cell-Based Therapies and Brown Adipose Tissue Activation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:853-865. [PMID: 36633783 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a pathological condition prevalent among women of reproductive age: it is associated with varied etiological factors (lifestyle, genetic, environmental…) and characterized by an increased polycystic morphology of the ovaries leading to disturbances in the menstrual cycle and its correlated infertility. Interconnections between PCOS, obesity, and insulin resistance have been recently investigated thoroughly in the scientific community; these findings directed PCOS therapies into unraveling possibilities to target insulin resistance and central adiposity as efficient treatment. On the other hand, brown adipose tissue is known to possess a thermogenic activity that increases lipolysis and directly attenuates fat deposition. Therefore, brown adipose tissue activation lands itself as a potential target for reducing obesity and its induced insulin resistance, subsequently rescuing PCOS phenotypes. In addition, regenerative medicine has proven efficacy in resolving PCOS-associated infertility and its metabolic symptoms. In particular, many stem/progenitor cells have been verified to possess the differentiation capacity into functional brown adipocytes. Thus, throughout this review, we will discuss the different brown adipose tissue activation strategies and stem-cell-based therapies applied to PCOS models and the possible combination of both therapeutic approaches to synergistically act on the activation of brown adipose tissue and attenuate PCOS-correlated infertility and retract the consequences of the metabolic syndrome on the physiological state of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Karam
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, "Stem Cell, Organogenesis and Regenerative Medicine" Master Program, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hélène Najjar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Aline Hamade
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Departments of Biology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.
| | - Fadia Najjar
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Departments of Biology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.
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12
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Takeda Y, Harada Y, Yoshikawa T, Dai P. Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in the Regulation of Thermogenic Brown Fats and Human Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021352. [PMID: 36674862 PMCID: PMC9861294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown fats specialize in thermogenesis by increasing the utilization of circulating blood glucose and fatty acids. Emerging evidence suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) prevents the incidence of obesity-associated metabolic diseases and several types of cancers in humans. Mitochondrial energy metabolism in brown/beige adipocytes regulates both uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent and -independent thermogenesis for cold adaptation and the utilization of excess nutrients and energy. Many studies on the quantification of human BAT indicate that mass and activity are inversely correlated with the body mass index (BMI) and visceral adiposity. Repression is caused by obesity-associated positive and negative factors that control adipocyte browning, de novo adipogenesis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, UCP1 expression and activity, and noradrenergic response. Systemic and local factors whose levels vary between lean and obese conditions include growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, and metal ions such as selenium and iron. Modulation of obesity-associated repression in human brown fats is a promising strategy to counteract obesity and related metabolic diseases through the activation of thermogenic capacity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in mitochondrial metabolism, thermogenic regulation of brown fats, and human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Takeda
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, 103-5 Tanaka-Monzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
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13
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Luo ED, Jiang HM, Chen W, Wang Y, Tang M, Guo WM, Diao HY, Cai NY, Yang X, Bian Y, Xing SS. Advancements in lead therapeutic phytochemicals polycystic ovary syndrome: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1065243. [PMID: 36699064 PMCID: PMC9868606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1065243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in women of reproductive age and features complex pathological symptoms and mechanisms. Existing medical treatments have, to some extent, alleviated the deterioration of PCOS. However, these strategies only temporarily control symptoms, with a few side effects and no preventive effect. Phytochemicals extracted from medicinal herbs and plants are vital for discovering novel drugs. In recent years, many kinds of research have proven that phytochemicals isolated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and medicinal plants show significant potential in preventing, alleviating, and treating PCOS. Nevertheless, compared to the abundance of experimental literature and minimal specific-topic reviews related to PCOS, there is a lack of systematic reviews to summarize these advancements in this promising field. Under this background, we systematically document the progress of bioactive phytochemicals from TCM and medicinal plants in treating PCOS, including flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids. According to the literature, these valuable phytochemicals demonstrated therapeutic effects on PCOS supported by in vivo and in vitro experiments, mainly depending on anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, improvement of hormone disorder and insulin resistance (IR), and alleviation of hyperinsulinemia. Based on the current progress, future research directions should emphasize 1) exploring bioactive phytochemicals that potentially mediate bone metabolism for the treatment of PCOS; 2) improving unsatisfactory bioavailability by using advanced drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles and antibody-conjugated drugs, as well as a chemical modification; 3) conducting in-depth research on the pathogenesis of PCOS to potentially impact the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the evolution of PCOS; 4) revealing the pharmacological effects of these bioactive phytochemicals on PCOS at the genetic level; and 5) exploring the hypothetical and unprecedented functions in regulating PCOS by serving as proteolysis-targeting chimeras and molecular glues compared with traditional small molecule drugs. In brief, this review aims to provide detailed mechanisms of these bioactive phytochemicals and hopefully practical and reliable insight into clinical applications concerning PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Dan Luo
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Mei Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Tang
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Mei Guo
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Yang Diao
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Cai
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Ying Bian, ; Sha-Sha Xing,
| | - Sha-Sha Xing
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Ying Bian, ; Sha-Sha Xing,
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Lemaitre M, Christin-Maitre S, Kerlan V. Polycystic ovary syndrome and adipose tissue. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2023; 84:308-315. [PMID: 36623807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Typically, it is associated with ovulatory dysfunction: dysovulation or anovulation, and symptoms of hyperandrogenism. It incurs risk of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, dyslipidemia and fatty liver. As a key endocrine organ in metabolic homeostasis, adipose tissue is often implicated in these complications. Studies of white adipose tissue (WAT) in PCOS have focused on the mechanism of insulin resistance in this tissue. Clinically, abnormalities in WAT distribution are seen, with decreased waist-to-hip ratio and increased ratio of adipose to lean mass. Such abnormalities are greater when total circulating androgens are elevated. At tissue level, white adipocyte hyperplasia occurs, along with infiltration of macrophages. Secretion of adipokines, cytokines and chemo-attractant proteins is increased in a pro-inflammatory manner, leading to reduced insulin sensitivity via alteration of glucose transporters, and hence decreased glucose uptake. The kinetics of non-esterified fatty acids (or free fatty acids) is also altered, leading to lipotoxicity. In recent years, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been studied in women with PCOS. Although abundance is low in the body, BAT appears to play a significant role in energy expenditure and metabolic parameters. Both supra-clavicular skin temperature, which reflects BAT activity, and BAT mass are reduced in women with PCOS. Moreover, BAT mass and body mass index (BMI) are inversely correlated in patients. In the adipocyte, increased total circulating androgen levels reduce expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a key protein in the brown adipocyte, leading to reduced biogenesis and mitochondrial respiration and hence a reduction in post-prandial thermogenesis. BAT is currently being investigated as a possible new therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madleen Lemaitre
- CHU Lille, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Sophie Christin-Maitre
- Center for rare endocrine diseases of growth and development, ERN-HCP, Sorbonne University, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Medicine, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Kerlan
- CHU Brest, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France
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Liang J, Bao AL, Ma HY, Dong W, Li WH, Wu X, Li HY, Hou HY, Chen YQ, Fu JL, Shao C. Prevention of polycystic ovary syndrome and postmenopausal osteoporosis by inhibiting apoptosis with Shenling Baizhu powder compound. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13939. [PMID: 36325179 PMCID: PMC9620975 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Shenling Baizhu powder (SBP) has been shown to reverse the abnormal expression of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediated by air pollution. Our study aimed to understand the main ingredient of SBP and investigate its action mechanism in preventing polycystic ovary syndrome (POCS) and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Methods The active ingredients of SBP with the highest binding affinity to AHR were screened using a Chinese medicine database, and their binding mechanism was simulated using molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Rutin was utilized to treat ovarian granulosa cell lines and osteoblast cell lines. The cell lines were treated with a gradient of rutin concentration (0.01 mmol/L, 0.05 mmol/L and 0.1 mmol/L) to find the optimal drug dose. PCR was used to detect AHR and apoptosis-related proteins, and WB to detect the expression of AHR, caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3. Finally, the CCK-8 cell proliferation assay detected the proliferation of cells. Results We obtained Rutin through the Chinese medicine database, and dynamics simulation determined its binding sites. Ovarian granulosa cell lines and osteoblast cell lines were treated with Rutin. RT-PCR and western blotting revealed that the expression of apoptosis-associated protein Bcl-2 was elevated, and the expression of AHR, Bax, caspase-3 and PARP were decreased. CCK-8 results showed accelerated proliferation in both cell types. Conclusion Rutin, the main ingredient of SBP compound, works by binding to AHR, which can improve POCS and PMO by inhibiting cell apoptosis and by promoting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-li Bao
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-yu Ma
- Hebei General Hospital, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei, Chinese
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-hua Li
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han-yu Li
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-yan Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-qiong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-lin Fu
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Shao
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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The Complex Roles of Adipokines in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102503. [PMID: 36289764 PMCID: PMC9598769 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are frequent diseases of the female reproductive tract causing high morbidity as they can significantly affect fertility and quality of life. Adipokines are pleiotropic signaling molecules secreted by white or brown adipose tissues with a central role in energy metabolism. More recently, their involvement in PCOS and endometriosis has been demonstrated. In this review article, we provide an update on the role of adipokines in both diseases and summarize previous findings. We also address the results of multi-omics approaches in adipokine research to examine the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for adipokines and their receptors, the secretome of adipocytes and to identify epigenetic alterations of adipokine genes that might be conferred from mother to child. Finally, we address novel data on the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which seems to have notable effects on PCOS. For this review, original research articles on adipokine actions in PCOS and endometriosis are considered, which are listed in the PubMed database.
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Xin X, Zhu Y, Ye Y, Li D. Efficacy of Flavonoids on Animal Models of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194128. [PMID: 36235780 PMCID: PMC9571610 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common gynecological endocrinopathies. Evidence suggest that flavonoids have beneficial effects on endocrine and metabolic diseases, including PCOS. However, high-quality clinical trials are lacking. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies to determine the flavonoids' effects in animal models of PCOS. Three electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from their inception to March 2022. The Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's risk of bias tool was used to assess methodological quality. The standardized mean difference was calculated with 95% confidence intervals as the overall effects. R was used for all statistical analyses. This study was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022328355). A total of eighteen studies, including 300 animals, met the inclusion criteria. Our analyses demonstrated that, compared to control groups, flavonoid groups showed a significantly lower count of atretic follicles and cystic follicles and the count of corpus luteum was higher. A significant reduction in the luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and free testosterone were observed in intervention groups. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the effects of flavonoids on the level of FSH, estradiol, and progesterone. Subgroup analyses indicated that the type of flavonoid, dose, duration of administration, and PCOS induction drug were relevant factors that influenced the effects of intervention. Current evidence supports the positive properties of flavonoids on ovarian histomorphology and hormonal status in animal models of PCOS. These data call for more randomized controlled trials and further experimental studies investigating the mechanism in more depth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yang Ye
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Dong Li
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (D.L.)
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18
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Zhu W, Fu L, Xu C, Peng K, Liu Y, Tang H, Huang Y, Yang X. Enoxacin ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome by promoting the browning of white adipose tissue and restoring gut dysbiosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:978019. [PMID: 36147348 PMCID: PMC9486322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.978019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder syndrome characterized by polycystic ovary, ovulation disorder and hyperandrogenemia, and is often accompanied by metabolic disorders. Enoxacin has been reported to protect against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by promoting fat thermogenesis. However, the function of enoxacin in PCOS remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the enoxacin on the regulation of PCOS mouse model induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Here, we found that reproductive endocrine disorder, glucose intolerance, and ovarian dysfunction in PCOS mice induced by DHEA were attenuated by enoxacin treatment. Mechanistically, we identified that enoxacin can promote white fat browning and improve metabolic disorders, thus ameliorating DHEA-induced reproductive dysfunction. Moreover, these beneficial effects might be associated with the restoration of gut dysbiosis. These findings provide a novel therapeutic target for enoxacin in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liya Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Changjing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yilan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yilan Huang, ; Xuping Yang,
| | - Xuping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yilan Huang, ; Xuping Yang,
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Zheng Y, He J, Yang D, Dai F, Yuan M, Liu S, Jia Y, Cheng Y. Irisin reduces the abnormal reproductive and metabolic phenotypes of PCOS by regulating the activity of brown adipose tissue in mice. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1046-1058. [PMID: 35713297 PMCID: PMC9562123 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease in women, with clinical manifestations of anovulation and hyperandrogenaemia. The treatment of PCOS mainly focuses on improving clinical symptoms, such as insulin sensitivity or menstrual disorder, through drug treatment. However, due to the pathogenesis diversity of PCOS, there is still a lack of effective treatment in clinics. Metabolic disorder is the key factor in the occurrence of PCOS. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a special adipose tissue in the human body that can participate in metabolic balance by improving heat production. BAT has been demonstrated to be an important substance involved in the metabolic disorder of PCOS. Although increasing evidence indicates that BAT transplantation can improve the symptoms of PCOS, it is difficult to achieve BAT transplantation at present due to technical limitations. Stimulation of BAT activation by exogenous substances may be an effective alternative therapy for PCOS. In this study, we investigated the effects of Irisin on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS in mice and evaluated the effect of Irisin on serum hormone levels and changes in body temperature, body weight and ovarian morphology. In our study, we found that Irisin can enhance the thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity of PCOS mice by activating the function of BAT. In addition, Irisin treatment can correct the menstrual cycle of PCOS mice, improve the serum steroid hormone disorder status, and reduce the formation of ovarian cystic follicles. In conclusion, our results showed that Irisin treatment significantly improved the metabolic disorder of PCOS and may provide a new and alternative therapy for the treatment of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yifan Jia
- Department of Pain, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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20
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Cheng L, Shi L, He C, Wang C, Lv Y, Li H, An Y, Dai H, Duan Y, Zhang H, Huang Y, Fu W, Meng Y, Zhao B. Rutin-activated adipose tissue thermogenesis is correlated with increased intestinal short-chain fatty acid levels. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2495-2510. [PMID: 35445769 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The activation of thermogenic programs in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) provides a promising approach to increasing energy expenditure during obesity and diabetes treatment. Although evidence has been found that rutin activates BAT against obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), its potential mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, we focused on the potential modulating effect of rutin on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the thermogenesis of BAT and WAT, aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanism of rutin in the treatment of obesity and T2DM. The results showed that rutin could significantly reduce the body weight and fasting blood glucose, inhibit fat accumulation, relieve hepatic steatosis and ameliorate the disorder of glycolipid metabolism in db/db mice. Moreover, rutin also increased the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) and other thermogenic genes and proteins in BAT and inguinal WAT (IWAT), indicating that rutin activated BAT and induced browning of IWAT. Importantly, rutin markedly enhanced the concentration of SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) and SCFA-producing enzymes (acetate kinase (ACK), methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MMD) and butyryl-CoA (BUT)) in feces of db/db mice. In addition, rutin significantly increased the mRNA expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (Mct1), catabolic enzyme acyl-CoA medium-chain synthetase 3 (Acsm3), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α (Cpt-1α) and Cpt-1β genes in BAT and IWAT of db/db mice, which is conducive to inducing adipocyte thermogenesis. In summary, our findings revealed that rutin played a variety of regulatory roles in improving glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, reducing hepatic steatosis, inducing browning of IWAT and activating BAT, which has potential therapeutic significance for the treatment of obesity and T2DM. Mechanistically, rutin activates the thermogenesis of BAT and IWAT, which may be associated with increasing the concentration of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Changhao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongcheng An
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wanxin Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Meng
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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21
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Black Elder and Its Constituents: Molecular Mechanisms of Action Associated with Female Reproduction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020239. [PMID: 35215351 PMCID: PMC8877800 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review summarizes the current knowledge concerning provenance, properties, physiological and therapeutic actions of elderberry and the bioactive molecules present in the plant, with emphasis on their action on female reproduction. Elderberry or black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) attracts attention due to its easy cultivation and high availability of bioactive compounds. Most of the available data concerning black elder’s therapeutic action are focused on its effects such as activation of immune processes and anti-inflammatory processes (cytokine production, etc.) and regulation of hormones and their receptors in cancer cells. The effects of elderberry on reproduction have been poorly investigated so far. Nevertheless, conducted studies so far demonstrate the stimulatory influence of black elder extract and its constituents, such as rutin, anthocyanins and agglutinins, on the viability and steroidogenesis of healthy ovarian cells as well as their ability to promote apoptosis and reduce the viability and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the action of black elder extract and its constituent biomolecules, such as anthocyanins and lectins, on embryogenesis and the embryonal estradiol-estradiol receptor system have also been reported. The available information, despite limitations, suggest the applicability of black elder constituents for improvement of reproductive processes in animal biotechnology, animal production and assisted reproduction, as well as for prevention and treatment of reproductive disorders (including cancer) in veterinary and human medicine.
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22
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Zhang Q, Ye R, Zhang YY, Fan CC, Wang J, Wang S, Chen S, Liu X. Brown Adipose Tissue and Novel Management Strategies for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:847249. [PMID: 35663310 PMCID: PMC9160465 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.847249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a unique tissue, plays a key role in metabolism and energy expenditure through adaptive nonshivering thermogenesis. It has recently become a therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. The thermogenic effect of BAT occurs through uncoupling protein-1 by uncoupling adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis from energy substrate oxidation. The review discusses the recent developments and progress associated with the biology, function, and activation of BAT, with a focus on its therapeutic potential for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The endocrine activity of brown adipocytes affects the energy balance and homeostasis of glucose and lipids, thereby affecting the association of BAT activity and the metabolic profile. PCOS is a complex reproductive and metabolic disorder of reproductive-age women. Functional abnormalities of adipose tissue (AT) have been reported in patients with PCOS. Numerous studies have shown that BAT could regulate the features of PCOS and that increases in BAT mass or activity were effective in the treatment of PCOS through approaches including cold stimulation, BAT transplantation and compound activation in various animal models. Therefore, BAT may be used as a novel management strategy for the patients with PCOS to improve women's health clinically. It is highly important to identify key brown adipokines for the discovery and development of novel candidates to establish an efficacious therapeutic strategy for patients with PCOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zhang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongcai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Regulation (Family Planning), Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Chen Fan
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Reproductive Regulation (Family Planning), Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Suwen Chen, ; Xiaowei Liu, ; Shuyu Wang,
| | - Suwen Chen
- Department of Reproductive Regulation (Family Planning), Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Suwen Chen, ; Xiaowei Liu, ; Shuyu Wang,
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Suwen Chen, ; Xiaowei Liu, ; Shuyu Wang,
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23
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Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Wang Y, Chen J, Christian M, He Z. Food phenolics stimulate adipocyte browning via regulating gut microecology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-27. [PMID: 34738509 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1997905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fat browning has piqued the interest of researchers as a potential target for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recruitment of brown adipocytes leads to enhanced energy dissipation and reduced adiposity, thus facilitating the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Evidence is increasing to support the crucial roles of polyphenols and gut microecology in turning fat "brown". However, it is not clear whether the intestinal microecology is involved in polyphenol-mediated regulation of adipose browning, so this concept is worthy of exploration. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge, mostly from studies with murine models, supporting the concept that the effects of food phenolics on brown fat activation and white fat browning can be attributed to their regulatory actions on gut microecology, including microbial community profile, gut metabolites, and gut-derived hormones. Furthermore, the potential underlying pathways involved are also discussed. Basically, understanding gut microecology paves the way to determine the underlying roles and mechanisms of food phenolics in adipose browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Food and Beverage Department of Damin Food (Zhangzhou) Co., Ltd, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mark Christian
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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24
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Li M, Zhu X, Shi Y. Effect of a high-calorie diet and constant light exposure on female reproduction, metabolism and immune inflammation: A comparative study of different mouse models. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13479. [PMID: 34152678 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Excess caloric intake and irregular circadian rhythm could severely impair female reproductive, metabolic, and immune function. However, the similarities and differences between their individual and combined effects and mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Due to limitations and confounding factors in clinical research, we used these two kinds of unhealthy factors to intervene the mice singly or in combination to explore their effects on individuals. METHOD OF STUDY We used a high-calorie diet (HCD), constant light exposure (CLE), and a high-calorie diet combined with constant light exposure (HCD + CLE) to build three different mouse models. During the 9 weeks modeling period, the estrous cycles were monitored, and after modeling, the indicators of glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, and reproductive endocrine function were tested. RESULTS We found that both HCD and CLE alone could induce ovulatory disorders, obesity, and chronic low-grade inflammation and inhibit melatonin secretion. The difference was that HCD significantly reduced the serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) levels, inhibited the expression of FSH β and LH β in pituitary, increased cytochrome P450 enzymes and LH receptor expression in ovary, as well causing impaired glucose tolerance and hyperlipidemia, and significantly promoted the secretion of leptin and inhibited the secretion of adiponectin. However, CLE significantly increased blood LH and T, prompted the expression of kisspeptin in hypothalamus and LH β in pituitary, and had no effect on glycolipid metabolic indexes or the secretion of leptin or adiponectin. The phenotype of HCD + CLE model was basically the same as that of HCD model, associated with more severe visceral obesity and chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found that unhealthy lifestyle determines the phenotype of reproductive endocrine, immune, and metabolic disorders. These findings can provide theoretical support for the subsequent study of PCOS-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshan Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukai Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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25
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Iervolino M, Lepore E, Forte G, Laganà AS, Buzzaccarini G, Unfer V. Natural Molecules in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): An Analytical Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051677. [PMID: 34063339 PMCID: PMC8156462 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous disorder characterized by chronic ovulation dysfunction and hyperandrogenism. It is considered the most common endocrinological disorder, affecting up to 25% of women of reproductive age, and associated with long-term metabolic abnormalities predisposing to cardiovascular risk, such as insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation. PCOS is also characterized by elevated serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), causing a condition of hyperandrogenism and a consequent altered ratio between LH and the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Over the years, several different approaches have been proposed to alleviate PCOS symptoms. Supplementation with natural molecules such as inositols, resveratrol, flavonoids and flavones, vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids may contribute to overcoming PCOS pathological features, including the presence of immature oocyte, IR, hyperandrogenism, oxidative stress and inflammation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge about the efficacy of natural molecule supplementation in the management of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Iervolino
- R&D Department, Lo.Li. Pharma Srl, 00156 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (E.L.); (G.F.)
| | - Elisa Lepore
- R&D Department, Lo.Li. Pharma Srl, 00156 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (E.L.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianpiero Forte
- R&D Department, Lo.Li. Pharma Srl, 00156 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (E.L.); (G.F.)
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 2100 Varese, Italy;
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Buzzaccarini
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00156 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Mihanfar A, Nouri M, Roshangar L, Khadem-Ansari MH. Polyphenols: Natural compounds with promising potential in treating polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100500. [PMID: 33878526 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural compounds used by plants as a defense system against various stresses. In recent years, the importance of these polyhydroxyphenols has extensively increased due to their potent cardioprotection, anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, various studies have reported promising results from the studies investigating their efficacy as a therapeutic strategy in various disorders such as human malignancies, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system impairments, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, aging, and inflammation-associated disorders, as well as a polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Since oxidative stress, hormonal, metabolic, and endocrine disturbances have been shown to play a crucial role in the initiation/progression of PCOS, polyphenols are suggested to be an effective treatment for this disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss the therapeutic potential of multiple polyphenols in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynaz Mihanfar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Sirotkin AV, Pelleova B, Fabova Z, Makovicky P, Alwasel S, Harrath AH. Rutin directly affects stimulatory action of FSH on the ovarian cell. PHARMANUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Functional ingredients present in whole-grain foods as therapeutic tools to counteract obesity: Effects on brown and white adipose tissues. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Arjmand B, Alaei S, Heravani NF, Alavi-Moghadam S, Payab M, Ebrahimpour M, Aghayan HR, Goodarzi P, Larijani B. Regenerative Medicine Perspectives in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1341:125-141. [PMID: 33748932 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common gynecologic endocrine disorder in women between the ages of 15 and 40, with uncertain etiology. It is mostly presented with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance along with a variety of comorbidities that significantly reduce a patient's quality of life. Many disturbed metabolic pathways are correlated with PCOS. Moreover, it is evident that there is a strong genetic factor for PCOS. Indeed, several altered gene expressions have been found in PCOS subjects, but the exact genetic origins are still unclear. The major treatment options such as pharmacological treatments are to improve the symptoms. In addition, surgical procedures (Bariatric surgery and assisted reproductive technologies) can be used to treat some of the patient's complications and reduce their severity. Generally, using pharmacological agents for a long period of time can increase the risk of adverse effects. Moreover, surgical options may have high-risk consequences. Herein, there is an undeniable need for a different multidisciplinary approach to PCOS. Regenerative medicine with the help of stem cells can develop a worthy alternative approach for the treatment of PCOS. Furthermore, animal models can provide valuable knowledge of genetic alterations and metabolic pathway disturbances in PCOS. They can also be used for testing novel treatments in pre-clinical stages. Therein, the current knowledge of PCOS and investigation about the potential role of regenerative medicine in developing new and more efficient treatments for PCOS are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Alaei
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Foroughi Heravani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbube Ebrahimpour
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Ye R, Yan C, Zhou H, Huang Y, Dong M, Zhang H, Jiang X, Yuan S, Chen L, Jiang R, Cheng Z, Zheng K, Zhang Q, Jin W. Brown Adipose Tissue Activation by Cold Treatment Ameliorates Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:744628. [PMID: 34721298 PMCID: PMC8552032 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.744628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease accompanied by energetic metabolic imbalance. Because the etiology of PCOS is complex and remains unclear, there is no effective and specific treatment for PCOS. It is often accompanied by various metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistances, and others. Activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) consumes excess energy via thermogenesis, which has positive effects on energy metabolism. Our previous research and that of others indicates that BAT activity is decreased in PCOS patients, and exogenous BAT transplantation can improve PCOS rodents. Notably however, it is difficult to apply this therapeutic strategy in clinical practice. Therapeutic strategies of enhancing endogenous BAT activity and restoring whole-body endocrine homeostasis may be more meaningful for PCOS treatment. In the current study, the dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS rat was exposed to low temperature for 20 days. The results show that cold treatment could reverse acyclicity of the estrous cycle and reduce circulating testosterone and luteinizing hormone in PCOS rats by activating endogenous BAT. It also significantly reduced the expression of steroidogenic enzymes as well as inflammatory factors in the ovaries of PCOS rats. Histological investigations revealed that cold treatment could significantly reduce ovary cystic follicles and increase corpus luteum, indicating that ovulation was recovered to a normal level. Concordant with these results, cold treatment also improved fertility in PCOS rats. Collectively, these findings suggest that cold treatment could be a novel therapeutic strategy for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongcai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlong Yan
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Huiqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Zheng
- Institutes of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoli Zhang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wanzhu Jin, ; Qiaoli Zhang,
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wanzhu Jin, ; Qiaoli Zhang,
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31
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Androgen Reduces Mitochondrial Respiration in Mouse Brown Adipocytes: A Model for Disordered Energy Balance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010243. [PMID: 33383677 PMCID: PMC7796281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy that is associated with an adverse metabolic profile including reduced postprandial thermogenesis. Although abnormalities in adipose tissue function have been widely reported in women with PCOS, less is known about direct effects of androgen on white and, particularly, brown adipocytes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on (1) lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic markers in immortalized mouse brown adipose cell lines (IMBATs), (2) mitochondrial respiration in IMBATs, (3) mitochondrial DNA content and gene expression, (4) expression of brown adipose tissue (BAT) markers and thermogenic activation. In addition, we profiled the relative levels of 38 adipokines secreted from BAT explants and looked at androgen effects on adipokine gene expression in both IMBATs and immortalized mouse white adipose (IMWATs) cell lines. Androgen treatment inhibited IMBAT differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, reduced markers of adipogenesis, and attenuated the β-adrenoceptor-stimulated increase in uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) expression. In explants of mouse interscapular BAT, androgen reduced expression of UCP1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PCG-1) and Cidea. Significantly, as well as affecting genes involved in thermogenesis in BAT, androgen treatment reduced mitochondrial respiration in IMBATs, as measured by the Seahorse XF method. The results of this study suggest a role for excess androgen in inhibiting brown adipogenesis, attenuating the activation of thermogenesis and reducing mitochondrial respiration in BAT. Together, these data provide a plausible molecular mechanism that may contribute to reduced postprandial thermogenesis and the tendency to obesity in women with PCOS.
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32
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Sirotkin A, Záhoranska Z, Tarko A, Fabova Z, Alwasel S, Halim Harrath A. Plant polyphenols can directly affect ovarian cell functions and modify toluene effects. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:80-89. [PMID: 33058312 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The influence of toluene alone and in combination with plant polyphenols apigenin, daidzein or rutin on viability, proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen accumulation), apoptosis (Bax accumulation) and release of progesterone (P), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E) in cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells was evaluated. Toluene reduced ovarian cell viability, proliferation and E release; it promoted P release, demonstrating no effect on apoptosis or T output. Apigenin alone failed to affect cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and P and T release, but stimulated E release, promoting the inhibitory action of toluene on proliferation, preventing and even reversing the stimulatory effect of toluene on apoptosis and P. Daidzein alone reduced cell viability and promoted T release, preventing and reversing the stimulatory effect of toluene on cell proliferation. Rutin administration reduced cell viability and E output, promoting the inhibitory action of toluene on cell viability and stimulatory effect on P release, and preventing the inhibitory action of toluene on E release. Toluene reduced apigenin- and rutin-induced E release, promoting action of daidzein on cell viability. These observations suggest the action of toluene and plant polyphenols on ovarian cell functions and the functional interrelationships between these molecules in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam Tarko
- Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Fabova
- Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lins TLBG, Gouveia BB, Barberino RS, Silva RLS, Monte APO, Pinto JGC, Campinho DSP, Palheta RC, Matos MHT. Rutin prevents cisplatin-induced ovarian damage via antioxidant activity and regulation of PTEN and FOXO3a phosphorylation in mouse model. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:209-217. [PMID: 33031932 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to evaluate the protective effects of rutin during cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity in mice and to verify the possible involvement of the phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN)/Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) pathway in the rutin actions. Mice received saline solution (control, 0.15 M, i.p.) or cisplatin (5 mg/Kg body weight, i.p.) or they were pretreated with N-acetylcysteine (positive control; 150 mg/Kg of body weight [p.o.]) or with rutin (10, 30 or 50 mg/Kg body weight, p.o.) before cisplatin (5 mg/Kg body weight, i.p.) once daily for 3 days. Next, the ovaries were harvested and destined to histological (follicular morphology and activation), immunohistochemical (cell proliferation and apoptosis) and fluorescence (reactive oxygen species [ROS], glutathione [GSH] and mitochondrial activity) analyses. Moreover, the expression of phosphorylated PTEN (p-PTEN) and FOXO3a (p-FOXO3a) were evaluated to investigate a molecular mechanism by which rutin would prevent the cisplatin-induced ovarian damage. The results showed that pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine or 10 mg/Kg rutin before cisplatin preserved the percentage of normal follicles and cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis and ROS levels and increased active mitochondria and GSH levels compared to the cisplatin treatment (P < 0.05). Cisplatin treatment increased p-PTEN and decreased p-FOXO3a expression in follicles, which was prevented by 10 mg/kg rutin. In conclusion, treatment with 10 mg/Kg rutin has the potential to protect the ovarian follicles against cisplatin-induced toxicity through its antioxidant effects and PTEN/FOXO3a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thae Lanne B G Lins
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Bruna B Gouveia
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Ricássio S Barberino
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Regina L S Silva
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Alane P O Monte
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Joisyleide G C Pinto
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Daniela S P Campinho
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Raimundo C Palheta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria H T Matos
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
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Oliveira FR, Mamede M, Bizzi MF, Rocha ALL, Ferreira CN, Gomes KB, Cândido AL, Reis FM. Effects of Short Term Metformin Treatment on Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Plasma Irisin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Horm Metab Res 2020; 52:718-723. [PMID: 32365398 DOI: 10.1055/a-1157-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic dysfunction associated with obesity and metabolic disorders that can be ameliorated by treatment with metformin. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been recently identified in adult humans, and irisin is a myokine that induces BAT formation. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate whether a short term treatment with metformin alters BAT activity and plasma irisin levels in women with PCOS. The participants were randomly assigned to receive metformin (1500 mg/day, n=21) or placebo (n=24) during 60 days. BAT activity was assessed by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and plasma irisin levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The groups were similar in age, body measures, metabolic profile and PCOS phenotypes. BAT activity did not change significantly in the women treated with metformin (median Δ SUVmax=-0.06 g/ml, interquartile interval -2.81 to 0.24 g/ml, p=0.484, Wilcoxon's test) or placebo (median Δ SUVmax=0.98 g/ml, interquartile interval -2.94 to 4.60 g/ml, p=0.386). In addition, plasma irisin levels remained unchanged in the groups treated with metformin (median Δ=-98 ng/ml, interquartile interval -366 to 60 ng/ml, p=0.310) and placebo (median Δ=28 ng/ml, interquartile interval -1260 to 215 ng/ml, p=0.650). These results suggest that in PCOS women BAT activity and plasma irisin levels may not change after a brief treatment with metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia R Oliveira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Odete Valadares Maternity Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Mamede
- Department of Anatomy and Imaging, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana F Bizzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza L Rocha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cláudia N Ferreira
- Technical College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karina B Gomes
- Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana L Cândido
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Reis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka A, Kowalczyk K, Trybek P, Jarosz T, Radosz P, Setlak M, Madej P. In Search of New Therapeutics-Molecular Aspects of the PCOS Pathophysiology: Genetics, Hormones, Metabolism and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197054. [PMID: 32992734 PMCID: PMC7582580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In a healthy female reproductive system, a subtle hormonal and metabolic dance leads to repetitive cyclic changes in the ovaries and uterus, which make an effective ovulation and potential implantation of an embryo possible. However, that is not so in the case of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in which case the central mechanism responsible for entraining hormonal and metabolic rhythms during the menstrual cycle is notably disrupted. In this review we provide a detailed description of the possible scenario of PCOS pathogenesis. We begin from the analysis of how a set of genetic disorders related to PCOS leads to particular malfunctions at a molecular level (e.g., increased enzyme activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) type 17A1 (17α-hydroxylase), 3β-HSD type II and CYP type 11A1 (side-chain cleavage enzyme) in theca cells, or changes in the expression of aquaporins in granulosa cells) and discuss further cellular- and tissue-level consequences (e.g., anovulation, elevated levels of the advanced glycation end products in ovaries), which in turn lead to the observed subsequent systemic symptoms. Since gene-editing therapy is currently out of reach, herein special emphasis is placed on discussing what kinds of drug targets and which potentially active substances seem promising for an effective medication, acting on the primary causes of PCOS on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-237-12-85
| | - Karolina Kowalczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Paulina Trybek
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Radosz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Marcin Setlak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Paweł Madej
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
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Sirotkin AV, Radosová M, Tarko A, Fabova Z, Martín-García I, Alonso F. Abatement of the Stimulatory Effect of Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Titania on Ovarian Cell Functions by Some Plants and Phytochemicals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1859. [PMID: 32957511 PMCID: PMC7558118 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles has experienced a vertiginous growth, but their interaction with food and medicinal plants in organisms, especially in the control of reproduction, remains unresolved. We examined the influence of copper nanoparticles supported on titania (CuNPs/TiO2), plant extracts (buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and vitex (Vitex agnus-castus)), phytochemicals (rutin and apigenin), and their combination with CuNPs/TiO2 on ovarian cell functions, using cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Cell viability, proliferation (PCNA accumulation), apoptosis (accumulation of bax), and hormones release (progesterone, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol) were analyzed by the Trypan blue test, quantitative immunocytochemistry, and ELISA, respectively. CuNPs/TiO2 increased cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone but not progesterone release, and reduced the 17β-estradiol output. Plant extracts and components have similar stimulatory action on ovarian cell functions as CuNPs/TiO2, but abated the majority of the CuNPs/TiO2 effects. This study concludes that (1) CuNPs/TiO2 can directly stimulate ovarian cell functions, promoting ovarian cell proliferation, apoptosis, turnover, viability, and steroid hormones release; (2) the plants buckwheat and vitex, as well as rutin and apigenin, can promote some of these ovarian functions too; and (3) these plant additives mitigate the CuNPs/TiO2's activity, something that must be considered when applied together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Sirotkin
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.R.); (A.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Monika Radosová
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.R.); (A.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Adam Tarko
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.R.); (A.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zuzana Fabova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.R.); (A.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Iris Martín-García
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo., 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Francisco Alonso
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo., 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
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Başar Gökcen B, Akdevelioğlu Y, Canan S, Bozkurt N. Increased risk of eating disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:764-767. [PMID: 32238016 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1744554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on eating disorders in women with PCOS is insufficient. The objective of this case study was to examine the hypothesis that women with PCOS exhibit more impaired eating than healthy women. Women diagnosed with PCOS under the 2003 Rotterdam Diagnostic Criteria (n = 40) were compared with a healthy control group (n = 40). The groups also were divided into two as normal body weight and overweight/obese. The Eating Disorders Assessment Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), were completed by all participants in order to evaluate eating behaviors in addition to eating disorders. Among the overweight/obese group, the average total and subscale scores of the EDE-Q as well as the total and sub-factor scores of the TFEQ-R21 were higher in women with PCOS compared to controls (p < .05). However, this statistically significant result was not shown among the women with normal weight (p > .05). In comparison to the controls, the PCOS women displayed higher values of the tool scores indicating abnormal restraint eating, body shape concern and weight concern subscale scores (p < .05). This result suggests that the evaluation of eating disorders should be added to routine screening and the monitoring of women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Başar Gökcen
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Akdevelioğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sultan Canan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Bozkurt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Sirotkin A, Záhoranska Z, Tarko A, Popovska-Percinic F, Alwasel S, Harrath AH. Plant isoflavones can prevent adverse effects of benzene on porcine ovarian activity: an in vitro study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29589-29598. [PMID: 32445151 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the influence of the oil-related environmental contaminant benzene (0, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/mL) alone and in combination with apigenin, daidzein, or rutin (10 μg/mL each) on viability; proliferation (accumulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen); apoptosis (accumulation of Bax); and release of progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E) in cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Cell viability; proliferation; apoptosis; and release of P, T, and E have been analyzed by the trypan blue test, quantitative immunocytochemistry, and ELISA, respectively. Benzene did not affect apoptosis, but reduced ovarian cell viability and P and E release, and promoted proliferation and T output. Apigenin did not affect cell viability, but stimulated proliferation and T and E release, and inhibited apoptosis and P secretion. It prevented and reversed the action of benzene on proliferation and P and T release, and induced the inhibitory action of benzene on apoptosis. Daidzein promoted cell viability, proliferation, P release, but not apoptosis and T or E release. Daidzein induced the stimulatory effect of benzene on T, without modifying other effects. Rutin administered alone reduced cell viability and apoptosis, and promoted cell proliferation. Furthermore, rutin prevented and reversed the effect of benzene on proliferation and P and E release. These observations suggest the direct action of benzene and plant polyphenols on basic ovarian cell functions, and the ability of apigenin and rutin, but not of daidzein, to prevent benzene effects on the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sirotkin
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A. Hlinku, 949 74, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Zuzana Záhoranska
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A. Hlinku, 949 74, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Adam Tarko
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A. Hlinku, 949 74, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Saleh Alwasel
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Melguizo Rodríguez L, Illescas-Montes R, Costela-Ruiz VJ, García-Martínez O. Stimulation of brown adipose tissue by polyphenols in extra virgin olive oil. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3481-3488. [PMID: 32723184 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1799930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main public health problems of the 21st century resulting from an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure. Currently, the search for new treatments against this pathology has become a priority. One of the therapeutic strategies against obesity could be the activation of brown adipose tissue through different molecules such as the phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The objective of this review was to provide an update of scientific knowledge on the relationship between EVOO phenolic compounds and brown adipose tissue.According to this review, it has been demonstrated that extra virgin olive oil phenolic compounds can have beneficial effects on obesity by activating brown adipose tissue and enhance thermogenesis through different signaling pathways mediated by molecules such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) or sirtuin 1 (Sirt1).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Melguizo Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), Biomedical Group (BIO277), University of Granada, Ceuta, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R Illescas-Montes
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Group (BIO277), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - V J Costela-Ruiz
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Group (BIO277), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - O García-Martínez
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Group (BIO277), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Jiang M, Wang W, Zhang J, Wang C, Bi Y, Li P, Yang S, Li J, Xu YT, Wang T. Protective Effects and Possible Mechanisms of Actions of Bushen Cuyun Recipe on Diminished Ovarian Reserve Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:546. [PMID: 32477106 PMCID: PMC7237638 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) contributes significantly to female infertility. Bushen Cuyun Recipe (BCR, Tradename Yueliang Yin), a product marketed in China, has shown effects in the treatment of female infertility in clinical practices of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this study, we aimed to investigate the chemical compositions of BCR and its efficacy based on scientific evidence and pharmacological mechanisms in DOR treatments. Methods The chemical compositions of BCR were determined by the UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS method. DOR was induced in a rat model by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX) 90 mg/kg once. After the CTX treatment for 14 days, rats were intragastrically administrated deionized water, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), or BCR in low, middle, and high doses for 30 days. Ovarian index, ovarian morphology, follicle number, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in serum were determined to assess the effects of BCR. To investigate possible action mechanisms, network pharmacological analysis was used to predict possible pathways in the effects of BCR on female infertility. In experimental studies, the contents of hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPOA, including estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)) and pyroptosis-related proteins, including gasdermin D (GSDMD), caspase-1, and interleukin-18 (IL-18), in ovarian were detected by ELISA, immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results Chemical studies revealed a total 84 components in BCR, which included 43 flavonoids, 13 triterpenoids, 11 phenolic acids, 8 alkaloids, 1 coumarin, 1 anthraquinone, and 7 other components. After treatments with BCR, the ovarian morphology, ovarian index, estrous cycle, growing follicles and corpus luteum from last ovulation, and serum AMH in DOR rats were significantly improved. Network pharmacological analysis suggested that the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway ranked No. 1 among the mechanisms by which BCR affects female infertility. Experimental results demonstrated that the content of serum FSH in DOR rats was significantly decreased and the contents of serum GnRH and E2 were significantly elevated after BCR treatment and that the elevated level of GSDMD, caspase-1, and IL-18 was significantly reversed in BCR-treated rats. Conclusions The chemical compositions of BCR were first identified in the present study. BCR was demonstrated to show protective effects on DOR. The possible mechanisms of BCR on DOR might be mediated by regulating gonadal hormones of the HPOA and protecting granulosa cells in ovary against pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jiang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiling Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yucong Bi
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Li
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song Yang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Tong Xu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: Pathogenic role of androgen excess and potential therapeutic strategies. Mol Metab 2020; 35:100937. [PMID: 32244180 PMCID: PMC7115104 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among reproductive age women. Although its cardinal manifestations include hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and/or polycystic ovarian morphology, PCOS women often display also notable metabolic comorbidities. An array of pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in the etiology of this heterogeneous endocrine disorder; hyperandrogenism at various developmental periods is proposed as a major driver of the metabolic and reproductive perturbations associated with PCOS. However, the current understanding of the pathophysiology of PCOS-associated metabolic disease is incomplete, and therapeutic strategies used to manage this syndrome's metabolic complications remain limited. Scope of review This study is a systematic review of the potential etiopathogenic mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction frequently associated with PCOS, with special emphasis on the metabolic impact of androgen excess on different metabolic tissues and the brain. We also briefly summarize the therapeutic approaches currently available to manage metabolic perturbations linked to PCOS, highlighting current weaknesses and future directions. Major conclusions Androgen excess plays a prominent role in the development of metabolic disturbances associated with PCOS, with a discernible impact on key peripheral metabolic tissues, including the adipose, liver, pancreas, and muscle, and very prominently the brain, contributing to the constellation of metabolic complications of PCOS, from obesity to insulin resistance. However, the current understanding of the pathogenic roles of hyperandrogenism in metabolic dysfunction of PCOS and the underlying mechanisms remain largely incomplete. In addition, the development of more efficient, even personalized therapeutic strategies for the metabolic management of PCOS patients persists as an unmet need that will certainly benefit from a better comprehension of the molecular basis of this heterogeneous syndrome.
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Khaled N, El-Bahy AA, Radwan R, Handoussa H, AbdelMaksoud S. Ocimum kilimandscharicum L. restores ovarian functions in letrozole - induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in rats: Comparison with metformin. Life Sci 2019; 232:116640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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43
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Zhang F, Su H, Song M, Zheng J, Liu F, Yuan C, Fu Q, Chen S, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Calcium Supplementation Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Estrous Cycle Irregularity and Subfertility Associated with Concomitantly Enhanced Thermogenesis of Brown Adipose Tissue and Browning of White Adipose Tissue. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7073-7081. [PMID: 31240927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been demonstrated as a disruptor of female fertility. Our previous study showed the antiobesity effects of calcium on HFD-fed male mice. However, the role of calcium in alleviating reproductive dysfunction of HFD-fed female mice remains unclear. Here, we found that HFD led to estrus cycle irregularity (longer cycle duration and shorter estrus period) and subfertility (longer conception time, lower fertility index, and less implantations) in mice. However, the HFD-induced reproductive abnormality was alleviated by calcium supplementation. Additionally, calcium supplementation enhanced activation/thermogenesis of BAT and browning of WAT in HFD-fed mice. Consequently, the abnormality of energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis induced by HFD were improved by calcium supplementation, with elevated metabolic rates and core temperature. In conclusion, these data showed that calcium supplementation alleviated HFD-induced estrous cycle irregularity and subfertility associated with concomitantly enhanced BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning, suggesting the potential application of calcium in improving obesity-related reproductive disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/physiopathology
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/physiopathology
- Animals
- Calcium/administration & dosage
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Supplements/analysis
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Estrous Cycle/drug effects
- Female
- Genital Diseases, Female/drug therapy
- Genital Diseases, Female/etiology
- Genital Diseases, Female/metabolism
- Genital Diseases, Female/physiopathology
- Humans
- Infertility/drug therapy
- Infertility/etiology
- Infertility/metabolism
- Infertility/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/complications
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
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44
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Yin N, Zhang H, Ye R, Dong M, Lin J, Zhou H, Huang Y, Chen L, Jiang X, Nagaoka K, Zhang C, Jin W. Fluvastatin Sodium Ameliorates Obesity through Brown Fat Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071622. [PMID: 30939798 PMCID: PMC6479292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), an organ that burns energy through uncoupling thermogenesis, is a promising therapeutic target for obesity. However, there are still no safe anti-obesity drugs that target BAT in the market. In the current study, we performed large scale screening of 636 compounds which were approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to find drugs that could significantly increase uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA expression by real-time PCR. Among those UCP1 activators, most of them were antibiotics or carcinogenic compounds. We paid particular attention to fluvastatin sodium (FS), because as an inhibitor of the cellular hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, FS has already been approved for treatment of hypercholesteremia. We found that in the cellular levels, FS treatment significantly increased UCP1 expression and BAT activity in human brown adipocytes. Consistently, the expression of oxidative phosphorylation-related genes was significantly increased upon FS treatment without differences in adipogenic gene expression. Furthermore, FS treatment resisted to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced body weight gain by activating BAT in the mice model. In addition, administration of FS significantly increased energy expenditure, improved glucose homeostasis and ameliorated hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, we reveal that FS induced browning in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) known to have a beneficial effect on energy metabolism. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that as an effective BAT activator, FS may have great potential for treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Rongcai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Huiqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Chuanhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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45
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Sheng Y, Liu J, Zheng S, Liang F, Luo Y, Huang K, Xu W, He X. Mulberry leaves ameliorate obesity through enhancing brown adipose tissue activity and modulating gut microbiota. Food Funct 2019; 10:4771-4781. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00883g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of obesity significantly affects human health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sheng
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- 201210
- China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Shujuan Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Reproductive Physiology
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
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46
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Flavonoids, Potential Bioactive Compounds, and Non-Shivering Thermogenesis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091168. [PMID: 30149637 PMCID: PMC6164844 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from the body having either high energy intake or low energy expenditure. Based on this energy equation, scientists have focused on increasing energy expenditure to prevent abnormal fat accumulation. Activating the human thermogenic system that regulates body temperature, particularly non-shivering thermogenesis in either brown or white adipose tissue, has been suggested as a promising solution to increase energy expenditure. Together with the increasing interest in understanding the mechanism by which plant-derived dietary compounds prevent obesity, flavonoids were recently shown to have the potential to regulate non-shivering thermogenesis. In this article, we review the latest research on flavonoid derivatives that increase energy expenditure through non-shivering thermogenesis.
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