1
|
Gupta A, Righi E, Konnova A, Sciammarella C, Spiteri G, Van Averbeke V, Berkell M, Hotterbeekx A, Sartor A, Mirandola M, Malhotra-Kumar S, Azzini AM, Pezzani D, Monaco MGL, Vanham G, Porru S, Tacconelli E, Kumar-Singh S. Interleukin-2-mediated CD4 T-cell activation correlates highly with effective serological and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people living with HIV. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29820. [PMID: 39056205 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) despite having an appreciable depletion of CD4+ T-cells show a good severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination response. The underlying mechanism(s) are currently not understood. We studied serological and polyfunctional T-cell responses in PLWH receiving anti-retroviral therapy stratified on CD4+ counts as PLWH-high (CD4 ≥ 500 cells/mm3) and PLWH-low (<500 cells/mm3). Responses were assessed longitudinally before the first vaccination (T0), 1-month after the first dose (T1), 3-months (T2), and 6-months (T3) after the second dose. Expectedly, both PLWH-high and -low groups developed similar serological responses after T2, which were also non-significantly different from age and vaccination-matched HIV-negative controls at T3. The immunoglobulin G titers were also protective showing a good correlation with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-neutralizations (R = 0.628, p = 0.005). While surface and intracellular activation analysis showed no significant difference at T3 between PLWH and controls in activated CD4+CD154+ and CD4+ memory T-cells, spike-specific CD4+ polyfunctional cytokine expression analysis showed that PLWH preferentially express interleukin (IL)-2 (p < 0.001) and controls, interferon-γ (p = 0.017). CD4+ T-cell counts negatively correlated with IL-2-expressing CD4+ T-cells including CD4+ memory T-cells (Spearman ρ: -0.85 and -0.80, respectively; p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the durable serological and CD4+ T-cell responses developing in vaccinated PLWH are associated with IL-2-mediated CD4+ T-cell activation that likely compensates for CD4+ T-cell depletion in PLWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshita Gupta
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elda Righi
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelina Konnova
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Concetta Sciammarella
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spiteri
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincent Van Averbeke
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matilda Berkell
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Hotterbeekx
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Assunta Sartor
- Microbiology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Massimo Mirandola
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anna Maria Azzini
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Diletta Pezzani
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guido Vanham
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefano Porru
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mallah N, Pardo-Seco J, Ares-Gómez S, López-Pérez LR, González-Pérez JM, Rosón B, Otero-Barrós MT, Durán-Parrondo C, Nartallo-Penas V, Mirás-Carballal S, Rodríguez-Tenreiro-Sánchez C, Rivero-Calle I, Gómez-Carballa A, Salas A, Martinón-Torres F. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in children by age groups. A population-based study in Galicia, Spain. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14037. [PMID: 37877845 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 in the pediatric population are outgoing. We aimed to quantify VE against SARS-CoV-2 in two pediatric age groups, 5-11 and 12-17-year-old, while considering vaccine type, SARS-CoV-2 variant, and duration of protection. METHODS A population-based test-negative control study was undertaken in Galicia, Spain. Children 5-11-year-old received the Comirnaty® (Pfizer, US) vaccine, while those aged 12-17-year-old received the Comirnaty® (Pfizer, US) or SpikeVax® (ModernaTX, Inc) vaccine. Participants were categorized into unvaccinated (0 doses or one dose with <14 days since vaccination), partially vaccinated (only one dose with ≥14 days, or two doses with <14 days after the second dose administration), and fully vaccinated (two doses with ≥14 days after the second injection). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. VE was calculated as (1-OR) * 100. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS In the fully vaccinated 5-11-year-old children, VE against the Omicron variant was 44.1% (95% CI: 38.2%-49.4%). In the fully vaccinated 12-17-year-old individuals, VE was 83.4% (95% CI: 81.2%-85.3%) against Delta and 74.8% (95% CI: 58.5%-84.9%) against Omicron. Comirnaty® and SpikeVax® vaccines showed a similar magnitude of VE against Delta [Comirnaty® VE: 81.9% (95% CI: 79.3%-84.1%) and SpikeVax® VE: 85.3% (95% CI: 81.9%-88.1%)]. Comirnaty® (Pfizer, US; VE: 79.7%; 95% CI: 50.7%-92.4%) showed a slightly higher magnitude of protection against Omicron than SpikeVax® (ModernaTX, Inc), yet with an overlapping CI (VE: 74.3%; 95% CI: 56.6%-84.9%). VE was maintained in all age subgroups in both pediatric populations, but it declined over time. CONCLUSIONS In Galicia, mRNA VE was moderate against SARS-CoV-2 infections in the 5-11-year-old populations, but high in older children. VE declined over time, suggesting a potential need for booster dose schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen Mallah
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Ares-Gómez
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis-Ricardo López-Pérez
- Subdirección de Sistemas y Tecnologías de la Información, Servizo Galego de Saude, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Juan-Manuel González-Pérez
- Subdirección de Sistemas y Tecnologías de la Información, Servizo Galego de Saude, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Benigno Rosón
- Subdirección de Sistemas y Tecnologías de la Información, Servizo Galego de Saude, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - María-Teresa Otero-Barrós
- Dirección Xeral de Saude Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carmen Durán-Parrondo
- Dirección Xeral de Saude Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Victoria Nartallo-Penas
- Dirección Xeral de Saude Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Susana Mirás-Carballal
- Dirección Xeral de Saude Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Tenreiro-Sánchez
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario and University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Facultade de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario and University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Takeuchi JS, Fukunaga A, Yamamoto S, Tanaka A, Matsuda K, Kimura M, Kamikawa A, Kito Y, Maeda K, Ueda G, Mizoue T, Ujiie M, Mitsuya H, Ohmagari N, Sugiura W. SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell and humoral immune responses upon vaccination with BNT162b2: a 9 months longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15447. [PMID: 36104370 PMCID: PMC9472721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The humoral and cellular immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) upon the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination remain to be clarified. Hence, we aimed to investigate the long-term chronological changes in SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibody, neutralizing antibody, and T cell responses during and after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine. We performed serological, neutralization, and T cell assays among 100 hospital workers aged 22-73 years who received the vaccine. We conducted seven surveys up to 8 months after the second vaccination dose. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific IgG (IgG-S) titers and T cell responses increased significantly following the first vaccination dose. The highest titers were observed on day 29 and decreased gradually until the end of the follow-up period. There was no correlation between IgG-S and T cell responses. Notably, T cell responses were detected on day 15, earlier than the onset of neutralizing activity. This study demonstrated that both IgG-S and T cell responses were detected before acquiring sufficient levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. These immune responses are sustained for approximately 6 to 10 weeks but not for 7 months or later following the second vaccination, indicating the need for the booster dose (i.e., third vaccination).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko S Takeuchi
- Department of Academic-Industrial Partnerships Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Akihito Tanaka
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kouki Matsuda
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Moto Kimura
- Department of Academic-Industrial Partnerships Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Azusa Kamikawa
- Department of Academic-Industrial Partnerships Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kito
- Department of Academic-Industrial Partnerships Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
- Division of Antiviral Therapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Gohzoh Ueda
- Division of Core Diagnostics, Abbott Japan LLC, Tokyo, 108-6305, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Mugen Ujiie
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Wataru Sugiura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morrocchi E, Pighi C, Pascucci GR, Cotugno N, Medri C, Amodio D, Colagrossi L, Ruggiero A, Manno EC, Casamento Tumeo C, Bernardi S, Smolen KK, Perno CF, Ozonoff A, Rossi P, Levy O, Palma P. Perinatally Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults Demonstrate Distinct BNT162b2 Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Immunogenicity. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S51-S60. [PMID: 35738253 PMCID: PMC9278233 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunization of vulnerable populations with distinct immunity often results in suboptimal immunogenicity, durability, and efficacy. METHODS Safety and immunogenicity profiles of BNT162b2 messenger RNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), were evaluated in 28 perinatally HIV-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 65 healthy controls (HCs) with no previous history of COVID-19. Thus, we measured severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific humoral and CD4+ T cell responses. Samples were collected before vaccination (baseline, day [D] 0), at the second dose (D21), and at 4 weeks (D28) and 6 months (D180) after D0. Proteomic profiles at D0 and D28 were assessed with a multiplexed proximity extension assay (Olink) on plasma samples. RESULTS All HIV-infected patients mounted similar anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral responses to those of HCs, albeit with lower titers of anti-trimeric S at D28 (P = .01). Only peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected patients demonstrated at D28 an impaired ability to expand their specific (CD40L+) CD4+ T-cell populations. Similar humoral titers were maintained between the 2 groups at 6-months follow-up. We additionally correlated baseline protein levels to either humoral or cellular responses, identifying clusters of molecules involved in immune response regulation with inverse profiles between the 2 study groups. CONCLUSIONS Responses of ART-treated HIV-infected patients, compared to those of HCs, were characterized by distinct features especially within the proteomic compartment, supporting their eligibility to an additional dose, similarly to the HC schedule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Morrocchi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chiara Pighi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rubens Pascucci
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Medri
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Amodio
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luna Colagrossi
- Department of Microbiology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Concetta Manno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Casamento Tumeo
- General Pediatrics Unit, Department of Emergency, Acceptance and General Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Bernardi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Kinga K Smolen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School,Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School,Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School,Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paolo Palma
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cotugno N, Franzese E, Angelino G, Amodio D, Romeo EF, Rea F, Faraci S, Tambucci R, Profeti E, Manno EC, Santilli V, Rotulo GA, Pighi C, Medri C, Morrocchi E, Colagrossi L, Pascucci GR, Valentini D, Villani A, Rossi P, De Angelis P, Palma P. Evaluation of Safety and Immunogenicity of BNT162B2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in IBD Pediatric Population with Distinct Immune Suppressive Regimens. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071109. [PMID: 35891273 PMCID: PMC9318731 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients affected by Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) present higher risk for infection and suboptimal response upon vaccination. The immunogenicity of SARS-CoV2 vaccination is still largely unknown in adolescents or young adults affected by IBD (pIBD). We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162B2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in 27 pIBD, as compared to 30 healthy controls (HC). Immunogenicity was measured by anti-SARS-CoV2 IgG (anti-S and anti-trim Ab) before vaccination, after 21 days (T21) and 7 days after the second dose (T28). The safety profile was investigated by close monitoring and self-reported adverse events. Vaccination was well tolerated, and short-term adverse events reported were only mild to moderate. Three out of twenty-seven patients showed IBD flare after vaccination, but no causal relationship could be established. Overall, pIBD showed a good humoral response upon vaccination compared to HC; however, pIBD on anti-TNFα treatment showed lower anti-S Ab titers compared to patients receiving other immune-suppressive regimens (p = 0.0413 at first dose and p = 0.0301 at second dose). These data show that pIBD present a good safety and immunogenicity profile following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Additional studies on the impact of specific immune-suppressive regimens, such as anti TNFα, on immunogenicity should be further investigated on larger cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cotugno
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.C.); (D.A.); (E.C.M.); (V.S.); (G.A.R.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (G.R.P.)
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (P.R.)
| | - Enrica Franzese
- The School of Pediatrics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Giulia Angelino
- Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (E.F.R.); (F.R.); (S.F.); (R.T.); (P.D.A.)
| | - Donato Amodio
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.C.); (D.A.); (E.C.M.); (V.S.); (G.A.R.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (G.R.P.)
| | - Erminia Francesca Romeo
- Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (E.F.R.); (F.R.); (S.F.); (R.T.); (P.D.A.)
| | - Francesca Rea
- Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (E.F.R.); (F.R.); (S.F.); (R.T.); (P.D.A.)
| | - Simona Faraci
- Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (E.F.R.); (F.R.); (S.F.); (R.T.); (P.D.A.)
| | - Renato Tambucci
- Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (E.F.R.); (F.R.); (S.F.); (R.T.); (P.D.A.)
| | - Elisa Profeti
- The School of Pediatrics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Emma Concetta Manno
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.C.); (D.A.); (E.C.M.); (V.S.); (G.A.R.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (G.R.P.)
| | - Veronica Santilli
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.C.); (D.A.); (E.C.M.); (V.S.); (G.A.R.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (G.R.P.)
| | - Gioacchino Andrea Rotulo
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.C.); (D.A.); (E.C.M.); (V.S.); (G.A.R.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (G.R.P.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Pighi
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.C.); (D.A.); (E.C.M.); (V.S.); (G.A.R.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (G.R.P.)
| | - Chiara Medri
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.C.); (D.A.); (E.C.M.); (V.S.); (G.A.R.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (G.R.P.)
| | - Elena Morrocchi
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.C.); (D.A.); (E.C.M.); (V.S.); (G.A.R.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (G.R.P.)
| | - Luna Colagrossi
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Rubens Pascucci
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.C.); (D.A.); (E.C.M.); (V.S.); (G.A.R.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (G.R.P.)
| | - Diletta Valentini
- Pediatric Unit, Pediatric Emergency Department (DEA), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Villani
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (P.R.)
- Pediatric Unit, Pediatric Emergency Department (DEA), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (P.R.)
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola De Angelis
- Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (E.F.R.); (F.R.); (S.F.); (R.T.); (P.D.A.)
| | - Paolo Palma
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.C.); (D.A.); (E.C.M.); (V.S.); (G.A.R.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (G.R.P.)
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-6859-2697
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ciniselli CM, Lecchi M, Figini M, Melani CC, Daidone MG, Morelli D, Zito E, Apolone G, Verderio P. COVID-19 Vaccination in Health Care Workers in Italy: A Literature Review and a Report from a Comprehensive Cancer Center. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050734. [PMID: 35632490 PMCID: PMC9146113 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic still represents a global public health emergency, despite the availability of different types of vaccines that reduced the number of severe cases, the hospitalization rate and mortality. The Italian Vaccine Distribution Plan identified healthcare workers (HCWs) as the top-priority category to receive access to a vaccine and different studies on HCWs have been implemented to clarify the duration and kinetics of antibody response. The aim of this paper is to perform a literature review across a total of 44 studies of the serologic response to COVID-19 vaccines in HCWs in Italy and to report the results obtained in a prospective longitudinal study implemented at the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT) of Milan on 1565 HCWs. At INT we found that 99.81% of the HCWs developed an antibody response one month after the second dose. About six months after the first serology evaluation, 100% of the HCWs were still positive to the antibody, although we observed a significant decrease in its levels. Overall, our literature review results highlight a robust antibody response in most of the HCWs after the second vaccination dose. These figures are also confirmed in our institutional setting seven months after the completion of the cycle of second doses of vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Maura Ciniselli
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Mara Lecchi
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Biomarker Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Cecilia C. Melani
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.C.M.); (M.G.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Maria Grazia Daidone
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.C.M.); (M.G.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Daniele Morelli
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Zito
- ICT, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Apolone
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.C.M.); (M.G.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.C.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khor SS, Omae Y, Takeuchi JS, Fukunaga A, Yamamoto S, Tanaka A, Matsuda K, Kimura M, Maeda K, Ueda G, Mizoue T, Ujiie M, Mitsuya H, Ohmagari N, Sugiura W, Tokunaga K. An Association Study of HLA with the Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Specific IgG Antibody Responses to BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:563. [PMID: 35455312 PMCID: PMC9029840 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BNT162b2, an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech, New York, NY, USA), is one of the most effective COVID-19 vaccines and has been approved by more than 130 countries worldwide. However, several studies have reported that the COVID-19 vaccine shows high interpersonal variability in terms of humoral and cellular responses, such as those with respect to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, IgM, neutralizing antibodies, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The objective of this study is to investigate the kinetic changes in anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG (IgG-S) profiles and adverse reactions and their associations with HLA profiles (HLA-A, -C, -B, -DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1 and -DPB1) among 100 hospital workers from the Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan. DQA1*03:03:01 (p = 0.017; Odd ratio (OR) 2.80, 95%confidence interval (CI) 1.05-7.25) was significantly associated with higher IgG-S production after two doses of BNT162b2, while DQB1*06:01:01:01 (p = 0.028, OR 0.27, 95%CI 0.05-0.94) was significantly associated with IgG-S declines after two doses of BNT162b2. No HLA alleles were significantly associated with either local symptoms or fever. However, C*12:02:02 (p = 0.058; OR 0.42, 95%CI 0.15-1.16), B*52:01:01 (p = 0.031; OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.14-1.03), DQA1*03:02:01 (p = 0.028; OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.15-1.00) and DPB1*02:01:02 (p = 0.024; OR 0.45, 95%CI 0.21-0.97) appeared significantly associated with protection against systemic symptoms after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccination. Further studies with larger sample sizes are clearly warranted to determine HLA allele associations with the production and long-term sustainability of IgG-S after COVID-19 vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seik-Soon Khor
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| | - Yosuke Omae
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| | - Junko S. Takeuchi
- Department of Academic-Industrial Partnerships Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (J.S.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (A.F.); (S.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (A.F.); (S.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Akihito Tanaka
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| | - Kouki Matsuda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (K.M.); (K.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Moto Kimura
- Department of Academic-Industrial Partnerships Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (J.S.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (K.M.); (K.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Gohzoh Ueda
- Division of Core Diagnostics, Abbott Japan LLC., Tokyo 105-7115, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (A.F.); (S.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Mugen Ujiie
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (M.U.); (N.O.)
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (K.M.); (K.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (M.U.); (N.O.)
| | - Wataru Sugiura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Safety and Long-Term Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 Vaccine in Individuals with Down Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030694. [PMID: 35160144 PMCID: PMC8836979 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 vaccine in young people with Down syndrome (DS), and to compare their humoral immune response with those of the healthy controls (HC). Individuals with DS and HC received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Longitudinal blood samples were collected on the day of vaccination, twenty-one days after the first dose, seven days after the second dose, and six months after the first dose. Both the local and systemic adverse events reported by participants were mild. Pain at the injection site was the most reported local adverse event, while fever was the systemic adverse event. Humoral responses showed a significant increase of anti-S and anti-S trimeric antibody (Ab) levels after both doses of vaccine in both groups. In comparison with HC, Ab levels in individuals with DS were similar at T21, but significantly lower, both in terms anti-S and anti-S trimeric, at T28 (respectively p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0001). At T180 both groups showed a significant reduction of anti-S trimeric Ab levels compared to T28 (p = 0.0004 and p < 0.0001 for DS and HC, respectively). Individuals with DS exhibit a good humoral response to the BNT162b2 vaccine; however, similarly to in HC, the immune response wanes over time.
Collapse
|
9
|
Evaluation of Antibody Response to Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2: An Observational Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021. [PMID: 34960224 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121478.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In several countries, thrombotic events after vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 have led to heterologous messenger RNA (mRNA) boosting. We tested the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein four weeks after heterologous priming with the ChAdOx1 (ChAd) vector vaccine followed by boosting with BNT162b2(ChAd/BNT), comparing data of homologous regimen (BNT/BNT, ChAd/ChAd) subjects positive for SARS-CoV-2 after the first dose of BNT162b2 (BNT1dose/CoV2) and convalescent COVID-19. METHODS healthy subjects naïve for SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed for serum IgG anti-S-RBD response 21 days after priming (T1), 4 (TFULL) and 15 (T15W) weeks after booster dose. RESULTS The median IgG anti-S-RBD levels at TFULL of Chad/BNT group were significantly higher than the BNT/BNT group and ChAd/ChAd. Those of BNT/BNT group were significantly higher than ChAd/ChAd. IgG anti-S-RBD of BNT1dose/CoV2 group were similar to BNT/BNT, ChAd/BNT and ChAd/Chad group. The levels among COVID-19 convalescents were significantly lower than ChAd/BNT, BNT/BNT, ChAd/Chad and BNT1dose/CoV2. The proportion of subjects reaching an anti-S-RBD titer >75 AU/mL, correlated with high neutralizing titer, was 94% in ChAd/BNT and BNT/BNT, 60% in BNT1dose/CoV2, 25% in ChAd/ChAd and 4.2% in convalescents. At T15W the titer of ChAd/BNT was still significantly higher than other vaccine schedules, while the anti-S-RBD decline was reduced for ChAd/ChAd and similar for other combinations. CONCLUSION Our data highlight the magnitude of IgG anti-S-RBD response in ChAd/BNT dosing, supporting the current national guidelines for heterologous boosting.
Collapse
|
10
|
Firinu D, Perra A, Campagna M, Littera R, Meloni F, Sedda F, Conti M, Costanzo G, Erbi M, Usai G, Locci C, Carta MG, Cappai R, Orrù G, Del Giacco S, Coghe F, Chessa L. Evaluation of Antibody Response to Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2: An Observational Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121478. [PMID: 34960224 PMCID: PMC8704060 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In several countries, thrombotic events after vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 have led to heterologous messenger RNA (mRNA) boosting. We tested the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein four weeks after heterologous priming with the ChAdOx1 (ChAd) vector vaccine followed by boosting with BNT162b2(ChAd/BNT), comparing data of homologous regimen (BNT/BNT, ChAd/ChAd) subjects positive for SARS-CoV-2 after the first dose of BNT162b2 (BNT1dose/CoV2) and convalescent COVID-19. Methods: healthy subjects naïve for SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed for serum IgG anti-S-RBD response 21 days after priming (T1), 4 (TFULL) and 15 (T15W) weeks after booster dose. Results: The median IgG anti-S-RBD levels at TFULL of Chad/BNT group were significantly higher than the BNT/BNT group and ChAd/ChAd. Those of BNT/BNT group were significantly higher than ChAd/ChAd. IgG anti-S-RBD of BNT1dose/CoV2 group were similar to BNT/BNT, ChAd/BNT and ChAd/Chad group. The levels among COVID-19 convalescents were significantly lower than ChAd/BNT, BNT/BNT, ChAd/Chad and BNT1dose/CoV2. The proportion of subjects reaching an anti-S-RBD titer >75 AU/mL, correlated with high neutralizing titer, was 94% in ChAd/BNT and BNT/BNT, 60% in BNT1dose/CoV2, 25% in ChAd/ChAd and 4.2% in convalescents. At T15W the titer of ChAd/BNT was still significantly higher than other vaccine schedules, while the anti-S-RBD decline was reduced for ChAd/ChAd and similar for other combinations. Conclusion: Our data highlight the magnitude of IgG anti-S-RBD response in ChAd/BNT dosing, supporting the current national guidelines for heterologous boosting
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (M.E.); (G.U.); (C.L.); (M.G.C.); (G.O.); (S.D.G.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-5109-6128; Fax: +39-070-5109-6227
| | - Andrea Perra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.)
- Associazione per l’Avanzamento della Ricerca per i Trapianti O.d.V., Non Profit Organisation, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (M.E.); (G.U.); (C.L.); (M.G.C.); (G.O.); (S.D.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Roberto Littera
- Associazione per l’Avanzamento della Ricerca per i Trapianti O.d.V., Non Profit Organisation, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (M.E.); (G.U.); (C.L.); (M.G.C.); (G.O.); (S.D.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Francesca Sedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Maria Conti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (M.E.); (G.U.); (C.L.); (M.G.C.); (G.O.); (S.D.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (M.E.); (G.U.); (C.L.); (M.G.C.); (G.O.); (S.D.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Monica Erbi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (M.E.); (G.U.); (C.L.); (M.G.C.); (G.O.); (S.D.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Gianmario Usai
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (M.E.); (G.U.); (C.L.); (M.G.C.); (G.O.); (S.D.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Carlotta Locci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (M.E.); (G.U.); (C.L.); (M.G.C.); (G.O.); (S.D.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (M.E.); (G.U.); (C.L.); (M.G.C.); (G.O.); (S.D.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Riccardo Cappai
- Laboratory Clinical Chemical Analysis and Microbiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (R.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (M.E.); (G.U.); (C.L.); (M.G.C.); (G.O.); (S.D.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (M.E.); (G.U.); (C.L.); (M.G.C.); (G.O.); (S.D.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Ferdinando Coghe
- Laboratory Clinical Chemical Analysis and Microbiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (R.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Luchino Chessa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (M.E.); (G.U.); (C.L.); (M.G.C.); (G.O.); (S.D.G.); (L.C.)
- Associazione per l’Avanzamento della Ricerca per i Trapianti O.d.V., Non Profit Organisation, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pani A, Cento V, Vismara C, Campisi D, Di Ruscio F, Romandini A, Senatore M, Schenardi PA, Gagliardi OM, Giroldi S, Zoppini L, Moreno M, Corradin M, Epis OM, Ughi N, Cuppari I, Crocchiolo R, Merli M, Bosio M, Rossini S, Puoti M, Scaglione F. Results of the RENAISSANCE Study: REsponse to BNT162b2 COVID-19 vacciNe-short- And long-term Immune reSponSe evAluatioN in health Care workErs. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:2966-2979. [PMID: 34736776 PMCID: PMC8403667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-spike (S) IgG antibody production after vaccination with BNT162b2 and the protection from symptomatic breakthrough infections in health care workers. METHODS This prospective observational study (RENAISSANCE) had as a primary end point the evaluation of serologic response to BNT162b2 14 days after a second dose. SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibodies were evaluated with LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay (DiaSorin S.p.A.), which is able to detect the presence of both binding and neutralizing antibodies for trimeric spike glycoprotein. Participants were recruited from February 1, 2021, to February 22, 2021. Occurrence of vaccine breakthrough infections was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on symptomatic and contact cases up to June 6, 2021. RESULTS Of 2569 staff evaluated, only 4 were nonresponders (0.16%; 95% CI, 0.04% to 0.41%). All 4 nonresponders were severely immunosuppressed and receiving treatment with mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid. At 14 days after the second dose, 67.5% (1733) of staff had anti-S IgG titers of 2000 BAU/mL or higher; 19.2% (494), between 1500 and 2000 BAU/mL; 9.8% (251), between 1000 and 1500 BAU/mL; and 3.4% (87), 1000 BAU/mL or lower. Women had a higher probability of having higher titers than men (64.5% [1044/1618] vs 58.3% [410/703]; P=.005). This was confirmed after adjustment for age group (odds ratio, 1.275; 95% CI, 1.062 to 1.531; P=.009). Four months after the end of the vaccination program, only 13 participants (0.26%) had experienced a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection, including 1 nonresponder. This was the only participant requiring hospitalization for severe COVID-19. CONCLUSION The vaccination campaign among health care workers at the ASST GOM Niguarda has resulted in a marked serologic response and reduction of incident COVID-19 cases. Yet, the lack of protection should not be overlooked in immunocompromised individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pani
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valeria Cento
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Vismara
- Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Campisi
- Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Di Ruscio
- Postgraduate School of Microbiology and Virology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romandini
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Senatore
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Andrea Schenardi
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Oscar Matteo Gagliardi
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Giroldi
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Zoppini
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Moreno
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Corradin
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Ughi
- Rheumatology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cuppari
- Division of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Crocchiolo
- Division of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Merli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bosio
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Rossini
- Division of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Puoti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Amodio D, Ruggiero A, Sgrulletti M, Pighi C, Cotugno N, Medri C, Morrocchi E, Colagrossi L, Russo C, Zaffina S, Di Matteo G, Cifaldi C, Di Cesare S, Rivalta B, Pacillo L, Santilli V, Giancotta C, Manno EC, Ciofi Degli Atti M, Raponi M, Rossi P, Finocchi A, Cancrini C, Perno CF, Moschese V, Palma P. Humoral and Cellular Response Following Vaccination With the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients Affected by Primary Immunodeficiencies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727850. [PMID: 34671350 PMCID: PMC8521226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass SARS-Cov-2 vaccination campaign represents the only strategy to defeat the global pandemic we are facing. Immunocompromised patients represent a vulnerable population at high risk of developing severe COVID-19 and thus should be prioritized in the vaccination programs and in the study of the vaccine efficacy. Nevertheless, most data on efficacy and safety of the available vaccines derive from trials conducted on healthy individuals; hence, studies on immunogenicity of SARS-CoV2 vaccines in such populations are deeply needed. Here, we perform an observational longitudinal study analyzing the humoral and cellular response following the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a cohort of patients affected by inborn errors of immunity (IEI) compared to healthy controls (HC). We show that both IEI and HC groups experienced a significant increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs 1 week after the second scheduled dose as well as an overall statistically significant expansion of the Ag-specific CD4+CD40L+ T cells in both HC and IEI. Five IEI patients did not develop any specific CD4+CD40L+ T cellular response, with one of these patients unable to also mount any humoral response. These data raise immunologic concerns about using Ab response as a sole metric of protective immunity following vaccination for SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, these findings suggest that evaluation of vaccine-induced immunity in this subpopulation should also include quantification of Ag-specific T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donato Amodio
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mayla Sgrulletti
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Immunopathology and Allergology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pighi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Medri
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Morrocchi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Luna Colagrossi
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Di Matteo
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Cifaldi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Cesare
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rivalta
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pacillo
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Santilli
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Giancotta
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Concetta Manno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Ciofi Degli Atti
- Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Unit-Medical Direction, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Raponi
- Medical Direction, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Moschese
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Immunopathology and Allergology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|