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Cabral G, Moss WJ, Brown KM. Proteomic approaches for protein kinase substrate identification in Apicomplexa. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2024; 259:111633. [PMID: 38821187 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2024.111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Apicomplexa is a phylum of protist parasites, notable for causing life-threatening diseases including malaria, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, and babesiosis. Apicomplexan pathogenesis is generally a function of lytic replication, dissemination, persistence, host cell modification, and immune subversion. Decades of research have revealed essential roles for apicomplexan protein kinases in establishing infections and promoting pathogenesis. Protein kinases modify their substrates by phosphorylating serine, threonine, tyrosine, or other residues, resulting in rapid functional changes in the target protein. Post-translational modification by phosphorylation can activate or inhibit a substrate, alter its localization, or promote interactions with other proteins or ligands. Deciphering direct kinase substrates is crucial to understand mechanisms of kinase signaling, yet can be challenging due to the transient nature of kinase phosphorylation and potential for downstream indirect phosphorylation events. However, with recent advances in proteomic approaches, our understanding of kinase function in Apicomplexa has improved dramatically. Here, we discuss methods that have been used to identify kinase substrates in apicomplexan parasites, classifying them into three main categories: i) kinase interactome, ii) indirect phosphoproteomics and iii) direct labeling. We briefly discuss each approach, including their advantages and limitations, and highlight representative examples from the Apicomplexa literature. Finally, we conclude each main category by introducing prospective approaches from other fields that would benefit kinase substrate identification in Apicomplexa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - William J Moss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kevin M Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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2
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Supplee JG, Affronti HC, Duan R, Brooks RC, Stine ZE, Nguyen PTT, Pinheiro LV, Noji MC, Drummond JM, Huang K, Schultz K, Dang CV, Marmorstein R, Wellen KE. ACLY alternative splicing correlates with cancer phenotypes. J Biol Chem 2024:107418. [PMID: 38815867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) links carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and provides nucleocytosolic acetyl-CoA necessary for protein acetylation. ACLY has two major splice isoforms: the full-length canonical "long" isoform and an uncharacterized "short" isoform in which exon 14 is spliced out. Exon 14 encodes 10 amino acids within a disordered region of the protein and includes at least 1 site that is dynamically phosphorylated. Both isoforms are expressed in healthy tissues to varying degrees. Analysis of human transcriptomic data revealed that the Percent Spliced In (PSI) of exon 14, i.e., the proportion of long isoform, is increased in several cancers and correlated with poorer overall survival in a pan-cancer analysis, though not in individual tumor types, which prompted us to explore potential biochemical and functional differences between ACLY isoforms. Here, we show that there are no discernible differences in enzymatic activity or stability between isoforms or phosphomutants of ACLY in vitro. Similarly, both isoforms and phosphomutants were able to rescue ACLY functions, including fatty acid synthesis and bulk histone acetylation, when re-expressed in Acly knockout cells. Deletion of Acly exon 14 in mice did not overtly impact development or metabolic physiology, nor did it attenuate tumor burden in a genetic model of intestinal cancer. Notably, expression of epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) is highly correlated with ACLY PSI. We report that ACLY splicing is regulated by ESRP1. In turn, both ESRP1 expression and ACLY PSI are correlated with specific immune signatures in tumors. Despite these intriguing patterns of ACLY splicing in healthy and cancer tissues, functional differences between the isoforms remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna G Supplee
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hayley C Affronti
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard Duan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Phuong T T Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura V Pinheiro
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael C Noji
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jack M Drummond
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kevin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kollin Schultz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Wistar Cancer Institute, Philadelphia, PA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Ronen Marmorstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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3
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Gromova OA, Filimonova MV, Torshin IY, Frolova DЕ. [Study of antitumor effects of human placenta hydrolysate on PC-3, OAW-42, BT-474 cell cultures]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2024; 96:266-272. [PMID: 38713042 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2024.03.202624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the antitumor effects of human placenta hydrolysate (HPH) peptides on three hormone-dependent human cell lines: prostate adenocarcinoma, breast carcinoma, and ovarian cancer by metabolic analysis of cell cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of HPH on tumor and control tumor cell lines was evaluated. Study stages: (A) de novo peptide sequencing by collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry; (B) detection of peptides with anti-tumor properties; (C) expert analysis of the obtained lists of peptides. RESULTS Dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of HPH on three tumor cell lines are shown: PC-3 (human prostate adenocarcinomas), OAW-42 (human ovarian cancer), BT-474 (human breast carcinomas), and IC50 constants (1.3-2.8 mg/ml) were obtained. The analysis of the HPH peptide fraction showed more than 70 peptides with antitumor properties in the composition of this HPH, including kinase inhibitors: mitogen-activated protein kinases, kappa-bi nuclear factor inhibitor kinase, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1, protein kinase C zeta, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1. CONCLUSION The results of the study indicate not only the oncological safety of the HPH used in therapy but also the mild antitumor effects of this HPH at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Gromova
- Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - M V Filimonova
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre
- Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre
| | - I Y Torshin
- Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - D Е Frolova
- Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Ivanovo State Medical University
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De Marchi T, Lai CF, Simmons GM, Goldsbrough I, Harrod A, Lam T, Buluwela L, Kjellström S, Brueffer C, Saal LH, Malmström J, Ali S, Niméus E. Proteomic profiling reveals that ESR1 mutations enhance cyclin-dependent kinase signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6873. [PMID: 38519482 PMCID: PMC10959978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Three quarters of all breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER, ESR1 gene), which promotes tumor growth and constitutes a direct target for endocrine therapies. ESR1 mutations have been implicated in therapy resistance in metastatic breast cancer, in particular to aromatase inhibitors. ESR1 mutations promote constitutive ER activity and affect other signaling pathways, allowing cancer cells to proliferate by employing mechanisms within and without direct regulation by the ER. Although subjected to extensive genetic and transcriptomic analyses, understanding of protein alterations remains poorly investigated. Towards this, we employed an integrated mass spectrometry based proteomic approach to profile the protein and phosphoprotein differences in breast cancer cell lines expressing the frequent Y537N and Y537S ER mutations. Global proteome analysis revealed enrichment of mitotic and immune signaling pathways in ER mutant cells, while phosphoprotein analysis evidenced enriched activity of proliferation associated kinases, in particular CDKs and mTOR. Integration of protein expression and phosphorylation data revealed pathway-dependent discrepancies (motility vs proliferation) that were observed at varying degrees across mutant and wt ER cells. Additionally, protein expression and phosphorylation patterns, while under different regulation, still recapitulated the estrogen-independent phenotype of ER mutant cells. Our study is the first proteome-centric characterization of ESR1 mutant models, out of which we confirm estrogen independence of ER mutants and reveal the enrichment of immune signaling pathways at the proteomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso De Marchi
- Division of Surgery, Oncology, and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Solvegatan 19, 22362, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Chun-Fui Lai
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Georgia M Simmons
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Isabella Goldsbrough
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alison Harrod
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Thai Lam
- Division of Surgery, Oncology, and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Solvegatan 19, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lakjaya Buluwela
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sven Kjellström
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Solvegatan 19, 22362, Lund, Sweden
- Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry - BioMS, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Brueffer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lao H Saal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Emma Niméus
- Division of Surgery, Oncology, and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Solvegatan 19, 22362, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Veth TS, Kannegieter NM, de Graaf EL, Ruijtenbeek R, Joore J, Ressa A, Altelaar M. Innovative strategies for measuring kinase activity to accelerate the next wave of novel kinase inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103907. [PMID: 38301799 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) has gained significance owing to their therapeutic potential for diseases like cancer. In addition, there has been a rise in refining kinase activity assays, each possessing unique biological and analytical characteristics crucial for PKI development. However, the PKI development pipeline experiences high attrition rates and approved PKIs exhibit unexploited potential because of variable patient responses. Enhancing PKI development efficiency involves addressing challenges related to understanding the PKI mechanism of action and employing biomarkers for precision medicine. Selecting appropriate kinase activity assays for these challenges can overcome these attrition rate issues. This review delves into the current obstacles in kinase inhibitor development and elucidates kinase activity assays that can provide solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik L de Graaf
- Pepscope, Nieuwe Kanaal 7, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos Joore
- Pepscope, Nieuwe Kanaal 7, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Ressa
- Pepscope, Nieuwe Kanaal 7, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
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Saltzman AB, Chan DW, Holt MV, Wang J, Jaehnig EJ, Anurag M, Singh P, Malovannaya A, Kim BJ, Ellis MJ. Kinase inhibitor pulldown assay (KiP) for clinical proteomics. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:3. [PMID: 38225548 PMCID: PMC10790396 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are frequently dysregulated and/or mutated in cancer and represent essential targets for therapy. Accurate quantification is essential. For breast cancer treatment, the identification and quantification of the protein kinase ERBB2 is critical for therapeutic decisions. While immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the current clinical diagnostic approach, it is only semiquantitative. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics offers quantitative assays that, unlike IHC, can be used to accurately evaluate hundreds of kinases simultaneously. The enrichment of less abundant kinase targets for quantification, along with depletion of interfering proteins, improves sensitivity and thus promotes more effective downstream analyses. Multiple kinase inhibitors were therefore deployed as a capture matrix for kinase inhibitor pulldown (KiP) assays designed to profile the human protein kinome as broadly as possible. Optimized assays were initially evaluated in 16 patient derived xenograft models (PDX) where KiP identified multiple differentially expressed and biologically relevant kinases. From these analyses, an optimized single-shot parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) method was developed to improve quantitative fidelity. The PRM KiP approach was then reapplied to low quantities of proteins typical of yields from core needle biopsies of human cancers. The initial prototype targeting 100 kinases recapitulated intrinsic subtyping of PDX models obtained from comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic profiling. Luminal and HER2 enriched OCT-frozen patient biopsies subsequently analyzed through KiP-PRM also clustered by subtype. Finally, stable isotope labeled peptide standards were developed to define a prototype clinical method. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD044655 and PXD046169.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Saltzman
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Doug W Chan
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Matthew V Holt
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junkai Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eric J Jaehnig
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Meenakshi Anurag
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Purba Singh
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Johnson & Johnson, Springhouse, PA, USA
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Stephenson EH, Higgins JMG. Pharmacological approaches to understanding protein kinase signaling networks. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1310135. [PMID: 38164473 PMCID: PMC10757940 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1310135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases play vital roles in controlling cell behavior, and an array of kinase inhibitors are used successfully for treatment of disease. Typical drug development pipelines involve biological studies to validate a protein kinase target, followed by the identification of small molecules that effectively inhibit this target in cells, animal models, and patients. However, it is clear that protein kinases operate within complex signaling networks. These networks increase the resilience of signaling pathways, which can render cells relatively insensitive to inhibition of a single kinase, and provide the potential for pathway rewiring, which can result in resistance to therapy. It is therefore vital to understand the properties of kinase signaling networks in health and disease so that we can design effective multi-targeted drugs or combinations of drugs. Here, we outline how pharmacological and chemo-genetic approaches can contribute to such knowledge, despite the known low selectivity of many kinase inhibitors. We discuss how detailed profiling of target engagement by kinase inhibitors can underpin these studies; how chemical probes can be used to uncover kinase-substrate relationships, and how these tools can be used to gain insight into the configuration and function of kinase signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan M. G. Higgins
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle uponTyne, United Kingdom
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Wang Z, Tan J, Li M, Gao C, Li W, Xu J, Guo C, Chen Z, Cai R. Clickable Photoreactive ATP-Affinity Probe for Global Profiling of ATP-Binding Proteins. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17533-17540. [PMID: 37993803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the major energy carrier in organisms, and there are many cellular proteins that can bind to ATP. Among these proteins, kinases are key regulators in several cell signaling processes, and aberrant kinase signaling contributes to the development of many human diseases, including cancer. Hence, small-molecule kinase inhibitors have been successfully used for the treatment of various diseases. Since the ATP-binding pockets are similar for many kinases, it is very important to evaluate the selectivity of different kinase inhibitors. We report here a clickable ATP photoaffinity probe for the global profiling of ATP-binding proteins. After incubating the protein lysate with the ATP probe followed by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, ATP-binding proteins were labeled with an alkyne handle for subsequent biotin conjugation through click chemistry. Labeled proteins were enriched with streptavidin beads, digested with trypsin, and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). More than 400 ATP-binding proteins, including approximately 200 kinases, could be identified in a single LC-MS/MS run in the data-dependent acquisition mode. We then applied this method to the analysis of targets of three selected ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors. We were able to successfully identify some of their reported target proteins from label-free quantification results and validated the results using Western blot analyses. Together, we developed a clickable ATP photoaffinity probe for proteome-wide profiling of ATP-binding proteins and demonstrated that this chemoproteomic method is amenable to high-throughput target identification of kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengxuan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Can Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changchuan Guo
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Cai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Jiang M, Xu Q, Yang C, Li D, Liu JW, Zhang Y, Zhu YC, Xiong ZQ. Activity-Dependent Phosphorylation of CDKL5 at Serine 407 Regulates Synaptogenesis and Plasticity. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1454-1458. [PMID: 37198422 PMCID: PMC10465469 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiwu Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Can Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ji-Wei Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yong-Chuan Zhu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Xiong
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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10
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Zhou H, Zhou L, Guan Q, Hou X, Wang C, Liu L, Wang J, Yu X, Li W, Liu H. Skp2-mediated MLKL degradation confers cisplatin-resistant in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:805. [PMID: 37532777 PMCID: PMC10397346 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Chemotherapeutic resistance is a major obstacle in treating NSCLC patients. Here, we discovered that the E3 ligase Skp2 is overexpressed, accompanied by the downregulation of necroptosis-related regulator MLKL in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of Skp2 inhibited viability, anchorage-independent growth, and in vivo tumor development of NSCLC cells. We also found that the Skp2 protein is negatively correlated with MLKL in NSCLC tissues. Moreover, Skp2 is increased and accompanied by an upregulation of MLKL ubiquitination and degradation in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells. Accordingly, inhibition of Skp2 partially restores MLKL and sensitizes NSCLC cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Skp2 interacts and promotes ubiquitination-mediated degradation of MLKL in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells. Our results provide evidence of an Skp2-dependent mechanism regulating MLKL degradation and cisplatin resistance, suggesting that targeting Skp2-ubiquitinated MLKL degradation may overcome NSCLC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuyang Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Haidan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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11
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Sawant M, Wilson A, Sridaran D, Mahajan K, O'Conor CJ, Hagemann IS, Luo J, Weimholt C, Li T, Roa JC, Pandey A, Wu X, Mahajan NP. Epigenetic reprogramming of cell cycle genes by ACK1 promotes breast cancer resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor. Oncogene 2023; 42:2263-2277. [PMID: 37330596 PMCID: PMC10348910 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancers exhibit high sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib. However, most patients inevitably develop resistance, thus identification of new actionable therapeutic targets to overcome the recurrent disease is an urgent need. Immunohistochemical studies of tissue microarray revealed increased activation of non-receptor tyrosine kinase, ACK1 (also known as TNK2) in most of the breast cancer subtypes, independent of their hormone receptor status. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the nuclear target of activated ACK1, pY88-H4 epigenetic marks, were deposited at cell cycle genes, CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDC20, which in turn initiated their efficient transcription. Pharmacological inhibition of ACK1 using its inhibitor, (R)-9b dampened CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDC20 expression, caused G2/M arrest, culminating in regression of palbociclib-resistant breast tumor growth. Further, (R)-9b suppressed expression of CXCR4 receptor, which resulted in significant impairment of metastasis of breast cancer cells to lung. Overall, our pre-clinical data identifies activated ACK1 as an oncogene that epigenetically controls the cell cycle genes governing the G2/M transition in breast cancer cells. ACK1 inhibitor, (R)-9b could be a novel therapeutic option for the breast cancer patients that have developed resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Audrey Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dhivya Sridaran
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Conor
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ian S Hagemann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tiandao Li
- Bioinformatics Research Core, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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12
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Gutiérrez-Galindo E, Yilmaz ZH, Hausser A. Membrane trafficking in breast cancer progression: protein kinase D comes into play. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1173387. [PMID: 37293129 PMCID: PMC10246754 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1173387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine kinase family that controls important cellular functions, most notably playing a key role in the secretory pathway at the trans-Golgi network. Aberrant expression of PKD isoforms has been found mainly in breast cancer, where it promotes various cellular processes such as growth, invasion, survival and stem cell maintenance. In this review, we discuss the isoform-specific functions of PKD in breast cancer progression, with a particular focus on how the PKD controlled cellular processes might be linked to deregulated membrane trafficking and secretion. We further highlight the challenges of a therapeutic approach targeting PKD to prevent breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Hazal Yilmaz
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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Hou Z, Liu H. Mapping the Protein Kinome: Current Strategy and Future Direction. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060925. [PMID: 36980266 PMCID: PMC10047437 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinome includes over 500 different protein kinases, which form an integrated kinase network that regulates cellular phosphorylation signals. The kinome plays a central role in almost every cellular process and has strong linkages with many diseases. Thus, the evaluation of the cellular kinome in the physiological environment is essential to understand biological processes, disease development, and to target therapy. Currently, a number of strategies for kinome analysis have been developed, which are based on monitoring the phosphorylation of kinases or substrates. They have enabled researchers to tackle increasingly complex biological problems and pathological processes, and have promoted the development of kinase inhibitors. Additionally, with the increasing interest in how kinases participate in biological processes at spatial scales, it has become urgent to develop tools to estimate spatial kinome activity. With multidisciplinary efforts, a growing number of novel approaches have the potential to be applied to spatial kinome analysis. In this paper, we review the widely used methods used for kinome analysis and the challenges encountered in their applications. Meanwhile, potential approaches that may be of benefit to spatial kinome study are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- School of Health and Life Science, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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14
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Golkowski M, Lius A, Sapre T, Lau HT, Moreno T, Maly DJ, Ong SE. Multiplexed kinase interactome profiling quantifies cellular network activity and plasticity. Mol Cell 2023; 83:803-818.e8. [PMID: 36736316 PMCID: PMC10072906 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks underlie all physiological cellular functions and drive devastating human diseases. Profiling PPI networks can, therefore, provide critical insight into disease mechanisms and identify new drug targets. Kinases are regulatory nodes in many PPI networks; yet, facile methods to systematically study kinase interactome dynamics are lacking. We describe kinobead competition and correlation analysis (kiCCA), a quantitative mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomic method for rapid and highly multiplexed profiling of endogenous kinase interactomes. Using kiCCA, we identified 1,154 PPIs of 238 kinases across 18 diverse cancer lines, quantifying context-dependent kinase interactome changes linked to cancer type, plasticity, and signaling states, thereby assembling an extensive knowledgebase for cell signaling research. We discovered drug target candidates, including an endocytic adapter-associated kinase (AAK1) complex that promotes cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and drug resistance. Our data demonstrate the importance of kinase interactome dynamics for cellular signaling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Golkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Andrea Lius
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tanmay Sapre
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ho-Tak Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Taylor Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dustin J Maly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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15
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Abdelbaki A, Ascanelli C, Okoye CN, Akman HB, Janson G, Min M, Marcozzi C, Hagting A, Grant R, De Luca M, Asteriti IA, Guarguaglini G, Paiardini A, Lindon C. Revisiting degron motifs in human AURKA required for its targeting by APC/C FZR1. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:6/2/e202201372. [PMID: 36450448 PMCID: PMC9713472 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic kinase Aurora A (AURKA) diverges from other kinases in its multiple active conformations that may explain its interphase roles and the limited efficacy of drugs targeting the kinase pocket. Regulation of AURKA activity by the cell is critically dependent on destruction mediated by the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/CFZR1) during mitotic exit and G1 phase and requires an atypical N-terminal degron in AURKA called the "A-box" in addition to a reported canonical D-box degron in the C-terminus. Here, we find that the reported C-terminal D-box of AURKA does not act as a degron and instead mediates essential structural features of the protein. In living cells, the N-terminal intrinsically disordered region of AURKA containing the A-box is sufficient to confer FZR1-dependent mitotic degradation. Both in silico and in cellulo assays predict the QRVL short linear interacting motif of the A-box to be a phospho-regulated D-box. We propose that degradation of full-length AURKA also depends on an intact C-terminal domain because of critical conformational parameters permissive for both activity and mitotic degradation of AURKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelbaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Cynthia N Okoye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Begum Akman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giacomo Janson
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mingwei Min
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chiara Marcozzi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anja Hagting
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rhys Grant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria De Luca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Italia Anna Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Protein-Peptide Turnover Profiling reveals the order of PTM addition and removal during protein maturation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7431. [PMID: 36460637 PMCID: PMC9718778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate various aspects of protein function, including degradation. Mass spectrometric methods relying on pulsed metabolic labeling are popular to quantify turnover rates on a proteome-wide scale. Such data have traditionally been interpreted in the context of protein proteolytic stability. Here, we combine theoretical kinetic modeling with experimental pulsed stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (pSILAC) for the study of protein phosphorylation. We demonstrate that metabolic labeling combined with PTM-specific enrichment does not measure effects of PTMs on protein stability. Rather, it reveals the relative order of PTM addition and removal along a protein's lifetime-a fundamentally different metric. This is due to interconversion of the measured proteoform species. Using this framework, we identify temporal phosphorylation sites on cell cycle-specific factors and protein complex assembly intermediates. Our results thus allow tying PTMs to the age of the modified proteins.
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17
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Tan T, Wu C, Liu B, Pan BF, Hawke DH, Su Z, Liu S, Zhang W, Wang R, Lin SH, Kuang J. Revisiting the multisite phosphorylation that produces the M-phase supershift of key mitotic regulators. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar115. [PMID: 35976701 PMCID: PMC9635296 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-04-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term M-phase supershift denotes the phosphorylation-dependent substantial increase in the apparent molecular weight of numerous proteins of varied biological functions during M-phase induction. Although the M-phase supershift of multiple key mitotic regulators has been attributed to the multisite phosphorylation catalyzed by the Cdk1/cyclin B/Cks complex, this view is challenged by multiple lines of paradoxical observations. To solve this problem, we reconstituted the M-phase supershift of Xenopus Cdc25C, Myt1, Wee1A, APC3 and Greatwall in Xenopus egg extracts and characterized the supershift-producing phosphorylations. Our results demonstrate that their M-phase supershifts are each due to simultaneous phosphorylation of a considerable portion of S/T/Y residues in a long intrinsically disordered region that is enriched in both S/T residues and S/TP motifs. Although the major mitotic kinases in Xenopus egg extracts, Cdk1, MAPK, Plx1 and RSK2, are able to phosphorylate the five mitotic regulators, they are neither sufficient nor required to produce the M-phase supershift. Accordingly, inhibition of the four major mitotic kinase activities in Xenopus oocytes did not inhibit the M-phase supershift in okadaic acid-induced oocyte maturation. These findings indicate that the M-phase supershift is produced by a previously unrecognized category of mitotic phosphorylation that likely plays important roles in M-phase induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical School, The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chuanfen Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Boye Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - Bih-Fang Pan
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David H Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zehao Su
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuaishuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Kuang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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Zhang X, Wang BZ, Kim M, Nash TR, Liu B, Rao J, Lock R, Tamargo M, Soni RK, Belov J, Li E, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Fine B. STK25 inhibits PKA signaling by phosphorylating PRKAR1A. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111203. [PMID: 35977512 PMCID: PMC9446420 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the heart, protein kinase A (PKA) is critical for activating calcium handling and sarcomeric proteins in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation leading to increased myocardial contractility and performance. The catalytic activity of PKA is tightly regulated by regulatory subunits that inhibit the catalytic subunit until released by cAMP binding. Phosphorylation of type II regulatory subunits promotes PKA activation; however, the role of phosphorylation in type I regulatory subunits remain uncertain. Here, we utilize human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) to identify STK25 as a kinase of the type Iα regulatory subunit PRKAR1A. Phosphorylation of PRKAR1A leads to inhibition of PKA kinase activity and increased binding to the catalytic subunit in the presence of cAMP. Stk25 knockout in mice diminishes Prkar1a phosphorylation, increases Pka activity, and augments contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Together, these data support STK25 as a negative regulator of PKA signaling through phosphorylation of PRKAR1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bryan Z Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Trevor R Nash
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bohao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Rao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Roberta Lock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Tamargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Belov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Fine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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19
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Wilkinson IVL, Pfanzelt M, Sieber SA. Functionalised Cofactor Mimics for Interactome Discovery and Beyond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201136. [PMID: 35286003 PMCID: PMC9401033 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cofactors are required for almost half of all enzyme reactions, but their functions and binding partners are not fully understood even after decades of research. Functionalised cofactor mimics that bind in place of the unmodified cofactor can provide answers, as well as expand the scope of cofactor activity. Through chemical proteomics approaches such as activity-based protein profiling, the interactome and localisation of the native cofactor in its physiological environment can be deciphered and previously uncharacterised proteins annotated. Furthermore, cofactors that supply functional groups to substrate biomolecules can be hijacked by mimics to site-specifically label targets and unravel the complex biology of post-translational protein modification. The diverse activity of cofactors has inspired the design of mimics for use as inhibitors, antibiotic therapeutics, and chemo- and biosensors, and cofactor conjugates have enabled the generation of novel enzymes and artificial DNAzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel V L Wilkinson
- Centre for Functional Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Pfanzelt
- Centre for Functional Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Centre for Functional Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
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20
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Dagnino-Acosta A, Guerrero-Hernandez A. PKC Inhibits Sec61 Translocon-Mediated Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Leak in Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:925023. [PMID: 35837019 PMCID: PMC9275787 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.925023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PKC inhibitors stimulate Ca2+ release from internal stores in diverse cell types. Our data indicate that this action cannot be explained by an increased agonist-induced IP3 production or an overloaded SR Ca2+ pool in smooth muscle cells from guinea pig urinary bladder. The incubation of these cells with three different PKC inhibitors, such as Go6976, Go6983, and BIM 1, resulted in a higher SR Ca2+ leak revealed by inhibition of the SERCA pump with thapsigargin. This SR Ca2+ leakage was sensitive to protein translocation inhibitors such as emetine and anisomycin. Since this increased SR Ca2+ leak did not result in a depleted SR Ca2+ store, we have inferred there was a compensatory increase in SERCA pump activity, resulting in a higher steady-state. This new steady-state increased the frequency of Spontaneous Transient Outward Currents (STOCs), which reflect the activation of high conductance, Ca2+-sensitive potassium channels in response to RyR-mediated Ca2+ sparks. This increased STOC frequency triggered by PKC inhibition was restored to normal by inhibiting translocon-mediated Ca2+ leak with emetine. These results suggest a critical role of PKC-mediated translocon phosphorylation in regulating SR Ca2+ steady-state, which, in turn, alters SR Ca2+ releasing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan Dagnino-Acosta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CONACYT-Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Agustín Guerrero-Hernandez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Agustín Guerrero-Hernandez,
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21
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Wilkinson IVL, Pfanzelt M, Sieber SA. Funktionalisierte Cofaktor‐Analoga für die Erforschung von Interaktomen und darüber hinaus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel V. L. Wilkinson
- Centre for Functional Protein Assemblies Technische Universität München Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Martin Pfanzelt
- Centre for Functional Protein Assemblies Technische Universität München Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Stephan A. Sieber
- Centre for Functional Protein Assemblies Technische Universität München Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8 85748 Garching Deutschland
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22
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Hou Z, Meng C, Yang F, Deng Y, Han X, Liu H. Mapping Tyrosine Kinases Based on a TK Activity-Representing Peptide Library Reveals a Role for SRC in H1975 Drug Resistance. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1105-1113. [PMID: 35293747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases (TKs) are prominent targets in cancer therapies, and more than 30 TK inhibitors have been approved for treatments in tumors with abnormal TK. Disappointingly, an incomplete response can occur with the long-term use of TK inhibitors, known as cancer drug resistance, which can be caused by kinome reprogramming. Hence, monitoring the status of TKs is crucial for revealing the underlying drug resistance mechanism. Here, we describe a TK activity-representing peptide library-based multiple reaction monitoring (TARPL-MRM) strategy for directly inferring TK activities. The strategy facilitated the assay of 87 human TKs through target quantification of 301 phosphorylation sites. Using this strategy, we demonstrated the heterogeneity of TK activity in different non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and assessed the response of TK activities to the EGFR inhibitor AZD9291 in NSCLC cells. We found that the acquired resistance of H1975 cells to AZD9291 requires SRC activity, and inhibition of SRC plays potential roles in overcoming this resistance. In summary, our work reveals that this strategy has the potential to become a powerful tool for TK studies, clinical diagnostics, and the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Caiting Meng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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23
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Wang S, Wang X, Yang X, Liu F, Li J, Li W, Bai Z, Wang H, Mao J, Li T, He K, Wang H. Comprehensive kinomic study via a chemical proteomic approach reveals kinome reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Proteomics 2021; 22:e2100141. [PMID: 34932872 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Kinases are attractive therapeutic targets since they are commonly altered in cancers. Here, to identify kinases of potential therapeutic interest in HCC, a quantitative kinomic study of tumour and adjacent non-tumour liver tissues was performed using a chemical proteomics approach. In total, 124 kinases were found differentially expressed and they were distributed over all nine kinase groups. Exploration of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data showed that the dysregulation of 45 kinases was correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. We then tested 11 inhibitors targeting 12 crucial protein kinases alone or in combination for their ability to inhibit cell growth in Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5 cell lines. Six inhibitors significantly reduced viability in both cell lines. Combination inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and casein kinase 1 epsilon (CSNK1E) significantly induced growth arrest in both cell lines synergistically. In summary, our analysis presents the most complete view of kinome reprogramming in HCC and provides novel insight into crucial kinases in HCC and potential therapeutic targets for HCC treatment. Moreover, the identification of hundreds of differentially expressed kinases forms a rich resource for novel drug targets or diagnostic biomarker discovery. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (identifier PXD023806).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Wang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xinzheng Wang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xin Yang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jin Li
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Weihua Li
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Liver Disease, the Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jie Mao
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tingting Li
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Kun He
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
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24
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Characterizing the Interaction between the HTLV-1 Transactivator Tax-1 with Transcription Elongation Factor ELL2 and Its Impact on Viral Transactivation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413597. [PMID: 34948391 PMCID: PMC8705299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-encoded transactivator and oncoprotein Tax-1 is essential for HTLV-1 replication. We recently found that Tax-1 interacts with transcription elongation factor for RNA polymerase II 2, ELL2, which enhances Tax-1-mediated transactivation of the HTLV-1 promotor. Here, we characterize the Tax-1:ELL2 interaction and its impact on viral transactivation by confocal imaging, co-immunoprecipitation, and luciferase assays. We found that Tax-1 and ELL2 not only co-precipitate, but also co-localize in dot-like structures in the nucleus. Tax-1:ELL2 complex formation occurred independently of Tax-1 point mutations, which are crucial for post translational modifications (PTMs) of Tax-1, suggesting that these PTMs are irrelevant for Tax-1:ELL2 interaction. In contrast, Tax-1 deletion mutants lacking either N-terminal (aa 1-37) or C-terminal regions (aa 150-353) of Tax-1 were impaired in interacting with ELL2. Contrary to Tax-1, the related, non-oncogenic Tax-2B from HTLV-2B did not interact with ELL2. Finally, we found that ELL2-R1 (aa 1-353), which carries an RNA polymerase II binding domain, and ELL2-R3 (aa 515-640) are sufficient to interact with Tax-1; however, only ELL2-truncations expressing R1 could enhance Tax-1-mediated transactivation of the HTLV-1 promoter. Together, this study identifies domains in Tax-1 and ELL2 being required for Tax-1:ELL2 complex formation and for viral transactivation.
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25
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Kumari A, Kumar C, Pergu R, Kumar M, Mahale SP, Wasnik N, Mylavarapu SVS. Phosphorylation and Pin1 binding to the LIC1 subunit selectively regulate mitotic dynein functions. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212736. [PMID: 34709360 PMCID: PMC8562849 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynein motor performs multiple functions in mitosis by engaging with a wide cargo spectrum. One way to regulate dynein's cargo-binding selectivity is through the C-terminal domain (CTD) of its light intermediate chain 1 subunit (LIC1), which binds directly with cargo adaptors. Here we show that mitotic phosphorylation of LIC1-CTD at its three cdk1 sites is required for proper mitotic progression, for dynein loading onto prometaphase kinetochores, and for spindle assembly checkpoint inactivation in human cells. Mitotic LIC1-CTD phosphorylation also engages the prolyl isomerase Pin1 predominantly to Hook2-dynein-Nde1-Lis1 complexes, but not to dynein-spindly-dynactin complexes. LIC1-CTD dephosphorylation abrogates dynein-Pin1 binding, promotes prophase centrosome-nuclear envelope detachment, and impairs metaphase chromosome congression and mitotic Golgi fragmentation, without affecting interphase membrane transport. Phosphomutation of a conserved LIC1-CTD SP site in zebrafish leads to early developmental defects. Our work reveals that LIC1-CTD phosphorylation differentially regulates distinct mitotic dynein pools and suggests the evolutionary conservation of this phosphoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Kumari
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India
| | - Rajaiah Pergu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Megha Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagar P Mahale
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Neeraj Wasnik
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
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26
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Regulation of the EphA2 receptor intracellular region by phosphomimetic negative charges in the kinase-SAM linker. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7047. [PMID: 34857764 PMCID: PMC8639986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases play a key role in cell-cell communication. Lack of structural information on the entire multi-domain intracellular region of any Eph receptor has hindered understanding of their signaling mechanisms. Here, we use integrative structural biology to investigate the structure and dynamics of the EphA2 intracellular region. EphA2 promotes cancer malignancy through a poorly understood non-canonical form of signaling involving serine/threonine phosphorylation of the linker connecting its kinase and SAM domains. We show that accumulation of multiple linker negative charges, mimicking phosphorylation, induces cooperative changes in the EphA2 intracellular region from more closed to more extended conformations and perturbs the EphA2 juxtamembrane segment and kinase domain. In cells, linker negative charges promote EphA2 oligomerization. We also identify multiple kinases catalyzing linker phosphorylation. Our findings suggest multiple effects of linker phosphorylation on EphA2 signaling and imply that coordination of different kinases is necessary to promote EphA2 non-canonical signaling. Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands mediate cell-cell communication. Here, the authors assess the structure and dynamics of the EphA2 intracellular region and uncover complex effects of phosphorylation within the linker region between EphA2 kinase and SAM domains.
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27
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Meng Y, Davies KA, Fitzgibbon C, Young SN, Garnish SE, Horne CR, Luo C, Garnier JM, Liang LY, Cowan AD, Samson AL, Lessene G, Sandow JJ, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. Human RIPK3 maintains MLKL in an inactive conformation prior to cell death by necroptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6783. [PMID: 34811356 PMCID: PMC8608796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancestral origins of the lytic cell death mode, necroptosis, lie in host defense. However, the dysregulation of necroptosis in inflammatory diseases has led to widespread interest in targeting the pathway therapeutically. This mode of cell death is executed by the terminal effector, the MLKL pseudokinase, which is licensed to kill following phosphorylation by its upstream regulator, RIPK3 kinase. The precise molecular details underlying MLKL activation are still emerging and, intriguingly, appear to mechanistically-diverge between species. Here, we report the structure of the human RIPK3 kinase domain alone and in complex with the MLKL pseudokinase. These structures reveal how human RIPK3 structurally differs from its mouse counterpart, and how human RIPK3 maintains MLKL in an inactive conformation prior to induction of necroptosis. Residues within the RIPK3:MLKL C-lobe interface are crucial to complex assembly and necroptotic signaling in human cells, thereby rationalizing the strict species specificity governing RIPK3 activation of MLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Meng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine A Davies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cindy Luo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jean-Marc Garnier
- SYNthesis med chem, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lung-Yu Liang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Angus D Cowan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andre L Samson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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28
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Huis In 't Veld PJ, Wohlgemuth S, Koerner C, Müller F, Janning P, Musacchio A. Reconstitution and use of highly active human CDK1:Cyclin-B:CKS1 complexes. Protein Sci 2021; 31:528-537. [PMID: 34791727 PMCID: PMC8819839 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As dividing cells transition into mitosis, hundreds of proteins are phosphorylated by a complex of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and Cyclin‐B, often at multiple sites. CDK1:Cyclin‐B phosphorylation patterns alter conformations, interaction partners, and enzymatic activities of target proteins and need to be recapitulated in vitro for the structural and functional characterization of the mitotic protein machinery. This requires a pure and active recombinant kinase complex. The kinase activity of CDK1 critically depends on the phosphorylation of a Threonine residue in its activation loop by a CDK1‐activating kinase (CAK). We developed protocols to activate CDK1:Cyclin‐B either in vitro with purified CAKs or in insect cells through CDK‐CAK co‐expression. To boost kinase processivity, we reconstituted a ternary complex consisting of CDK1, Cyclin‐B, and CKS1. In this work, we provide and compare detailed protocols to obtain and use highly active CDK1:Cyclin‐B (CC) and CDK1:Cyclin‐B:CKS1 (CCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim J Huis In 't Veld
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carolin Koerner
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franziska Müller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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29
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Luminescence complementation technology for the identification of MYC:TRRAP inhibitors. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2147-2157. [PMID: 34676047 PMCID: PMC8522838 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanism-based targeted therapies have exhibited remarkable success in treating otherwise untreatable or unresectable cancers. Novel targeted therapies that correct dysregulated transcriptional programs in cancer are an unmet medical need. The transcription factor MYC is the most frequently amplified gene in human cancer and is overexpressed because of mutations in an array of oncogenic signaling pathways. The fact that many cancer cells cannot survive without MYC – a phenomenon termed “MYC addiction” – provides a compelling case for the development of MYC-specific targeted therapies. We propose a new strategy to inhibit MYC function by disrupting its essential interaction with TRRAP using small molecules. To achieve our goal, we developed a platform using luminescence complementation for identifying small molecules as inhibitors of the MYC:TRRAP interaction. Here we present validation of this assay by measuring the disruption of TRRAP binding caused by substitutions to the invariant and essential MYC homology 2 region of MYC.
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30
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Tesoriere A, Dinarello A, Argenton F. The Roles of Post-Translational Modifications in STAT3 Biological Activities and Functions. Biomedicines 2021; 9:956. [PMID: 34440160 PMCID: PMC8393524 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is an important transcription factor that regulates cell growth and proliferation by regulating gene transcription of a plethora of genes. This protein also has many roles in cancer progression and several tumors such as prostate, lung, breast, and intestine cancers that are characterized by strong STAT3-dependent transcriptional activity. This protein is post-translationally modified in different ways according to cellular context and stimulus, and the same post-translational modification can have opposite effects in different cellular models. In this review, we describe the studies performed on the main modifications affecting the activity of STAT3: phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 and serine 727; acetylation of lysine 49, 87, 601, 615, 631, 685, 707, and 709; and methylation of lysine 49, 140, and 180. The extensive results obtained by different studies demonstrate that post-translational modifications drastically change STAT3 activities and that we need further analysis to properly elucidate all the functions of this multifaceted transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesco Argenton
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.T.); (A.D.)
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31
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Hu X, Liu Z, Duan X, Han X, Yuan M, Liu L, Xia X, Li N, Qin J, Wang Y. Blocking MCT4 SUMOylation inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:702-714. [PMID: 34347919 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) is highly expressed in various types of solid neoplasms including breast cancer (BC); however, the pro-tumor functions underlying its increased expression have not been explained. Here, we examined the roles of posttranslational modifications to MCT4 in BC, particularly SUMOylation. Our findings revealed that SUMOylation of MCT4 inhibited its degradation and stabilized MCT4 protein levels, while ubiquitination facilitated MCT4 degradation. The E3 ubiquitin ligases β-TRCP and FBW7 interacted with MCT4 at the DSG-box and TPETS sequences, respectively, and Lys448 (K448) of MCT4 could be modified by SUMO chains. Our key finding was that K448 was crucial for MCT4 SUMOylation. Moreover, mutations of K448 abolished MCT4 expression, delaying the growth of BC. This study suggested that SUMOylation of K448 increased MCT4 levels, and mutations of K448 in MCT4 could have therapeutic significance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanzhao Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianxian Duan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengci Yuan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institue of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junfang Qin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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32
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Zhou H, Xiong Y, Liu Z, Hou S, Zhou T. Expression and prognostic significance of CBX2 in colorectal cancer: database mining for CBX family members in malignancies and vitro analyses. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:402. [PMID: 34321009 PMCID: PMC8317347 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Chromobox (CBX) domain protein family, a core component of polycomb repressive complexes 1, is involved in transcriptional repression, cell differentiation, and program development by binding to methylated histone tails. Each CBX family member plays a distinct role in various biological processes through their own specific chromatin domains, due to differences in conserved sequences of the CBX proteins. It has been demonstrated that colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multiple-step biological evolutionary process, whereas the roles of the CBX family in CRC remain largely unclear. Methods In the present study, the expression and prognostic significance of the CBX family in CRC were systematically analyzed through a series of online databases, including Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). For in vitro verification, we performed cell cloning, flow cytometry and transwell experiments to verify the proliferation and invasion ability of CRC cells after knocking down CBX2. Results Most CBX proteins were found to be highly expressed in CRC, but only the elevated expression of CBX2 could be associated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC. Further examination of the role of CBX2 in CRC was performed through several in vitro experiments. CBX2 was overexpressed in CRC cell lines via the CCLE database and the results were verified by RT-qPCR. Moreover, the knockdown of CBX2 significantly suppressed CRC cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, the downregulation of CBX2 was found to promote CRC cell apoptosis. Conclusions Based on these findings, CBX2 may function as an oncogene and potential prognostic biomarker. Thus, the association between the abnormal expression of CBX2 and the initiation of CRC deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhou
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan Province, China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongfu Xiong
- The First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuoliang Liu
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan Province, China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Songlin Hou
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan Province, China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan Province, China. .,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
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33
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Marholz LJ, Federspiel JD, Suh H, Fernandez Ocana M. Highly Multiplexed Kinase Profiling in Spleen with Targeted Mass Spectrometry Reveals Kinome Plasticity across Species. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4272-4283. [PMID: 34319750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Early attrition of drug candidates, including kinase inhibitors, often occurs due to issues that arise during preclinical safety and efficacy evaluation. This problem may be exacerbated by the fact that these studies might fail to consider the basic physiological differences that could exist between human patients and animal models. We report the development of a targeted mass spectrometry-based assay capable of monitoring >50 different kinases using peptides conserved in humans and the key preclinical species used in drug development (mouse, rat, dog, and cynomolgus monkey). These methods were then used to profile interspecies kinome variability in spleen with three of the current techniques used in targeted proteomics (MRM, PRM, and IS-PRM). IS-PRM provides the highest number of kinase identifications, and the results indicate that while this initial set of kinases exhibits high correlation between species for this tissue type, distinct species-specific differences do exist, especially within the cyclin-dependent kinase family. An initial screen in two species with the kinase inhibitor dasatinib in competition with the chemoproteomic kinase-binding probe XO44 demonstrated how the targeted methods can be further applied to study species-specific inhibitor occupancy profiles. Understanding such differences could help rationalize the findings of preclinical studies and have major implications for the selection of these animals as models in kinase drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Marholz
- Department of Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Joel D Federspiel
- Department of Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Hyunsuk Suh
- Department of Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Mireia Fernandez Ocana
- Department of Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
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Chang LS, Oblinger JL, Smith AE, Ferrer M, Angus SP, Hawley E, Petrilli AM, Beauchamp RL, Riecken LB, Erdin S, Poi M, Huang J, Bessler WK, Zhang X, Guha R, Thomas C, Burns SS, Gilbert TSK, Jiang L, Li X, Lu Q, Yuan J, He Y, Dixon SAH, Masters A, Jones DR, Yates CW, Haggarty SJ, La Rosa S, Welling DB, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Plotkin SR, Gusella JF, Guinney J, Morrison H, Ramesh V, Fernandez-Valle C, Johnson GL, Blakeley JO, Clapp DW. Brigatinib causes tumor shrinkage in both NF2-deficient meningioma and schwannoma through inhibition of multiple tyrosine kinases but not ALK. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252048. [PMID: 34264955 PMCID: PMC8282008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant genetic syndrome caused by mutations in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene resulting in multiple schwannomas and meningiomas. There are no FDA approved therapies for these tumors and their relentless progression results in high rates of morbidity and mortality. Through a combination of high throughput screens, preclinical in vivo modeling, and evaluation of the kinome en masse, we identified actionable drug targets and efficacious experimental therapeutics for the treatment of NF2 related schwannomas and meningiomas. These efforts identified brigatinib (ALUNBRIG®), an FDA-approved inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases including ALK, to be a potent inhibitor of tumor growth in established NF2 deficient xenograft meningiomas and a genetically engineered murine model of spontaneous NF2 schwannomas. Surprisingly, neither meningioma nor schwannoma cells express ALK. Instead, we demonstrate that brigatinib inhibited multiple tyrosine kinases, including EphA2, Fer and focal adhesion kinase 1 (FAK1). These data demonstrate the power of the de novo unbiased approach for drug discovery and represents a major step forward in the advancement of therapeutics for the treatment of NF2 related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Sheng Chang
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (L-SC); (DWC)
| | - Janet L. Oblinger
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Abbi E. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven P. Angus
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eric Hawley
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Alejandra M. Petrilli
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Lake Nona-Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Roberta L. Beauchamp
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Serkan Erdin
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ming Poi
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jie Huang
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Waylan K. Bessler
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Craig Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sarah S. Burns
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas S. K. Gilbert
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Qingbo Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jin Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yongzheng He
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shelley A. H. Dixon
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Andrea Masters
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - David R. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Charles W. Yates
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Salvatore La Rosa
- Children’s Tumor Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - D. Bradley Welling
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anat O. Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Scott R. Plotkin
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James F. Gusella
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Justin Guinney
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Vijaya Ramesh
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Valle
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Lake Nona-Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gary L. Johnson
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jaishri O. Blakeley
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - D. Wade Clapp
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (L-SC); (DWC)
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35
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Fischer ES, Yu CWH, Bellini D, McLaughlin SH, Orr CM, Wagner A, Freund SMV, Barford D. Molecular mechanism of Mad1 kinetochore targeting by phosphorylated Bub1. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52242. [PMID: 34013668 PMCID: PMC8391104 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During metaphase, in response to improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activates the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), an inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). This process is orchestrated by the kinase Mps1, which initiates the assembly of the MCC onto kinetochores through a sequential phosphorylation-dependent signalling cascade. The Mad1-Mad2 complex, which is required to catalyse MCC formation, is targeted to kinetochores through a direct interaction with the phosphorylated conserved domain 1 (CD1) of Bub1. Here, we present the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of Mad1 (Mad1CTD ) bound to two phosphorylated Bub1CD1 peptides at 1.75 Å resolution. This interaction is mediated by phosphorylated Bub1 Thr461, which not only directly interacts with Arg617 of the Mad1 RLK (Arg-Leu-Lys) motif, but also directly acts as an N-terminal cap to the CD1 α-helix dipole. Surprisingly, only one Bub1CD1 peptide binds to the Mad1 homodimer in solution. We suggest that this stoichiometry is due to inherent asymmetry in the coiled-coil of Mad1CTD and has implications for how the Mad1-Bub1 complex at kinetochores promotes efficient MCC assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dom Bellini
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
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36
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Kumari A, Kumar C, Wasnik N, Mylavarapu SVS. Dynein light intermediate chains as pivotal determinants of dynein multifunctionality. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:268315. [PMID: 34014309 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal cells, a single cytoplasmic dynein motor mediates microtubule minus-end-directed transport, counterbalancing dozens of plus-end-directed kinesins. The remarkable ability of dynein to interact with a diverse cargo spectrum stems from its tightly regulated recruitment of cargo-specific adaptor proteins, which engage the dynactin complex to make a tripartite processive motor. Adaptor binding is governed by the homologous dynein light intermediate chain subunits LIC1 (DYNC1LI1) and LIC2 (DYNC1LI2), which exist in mutually exclusive dynein complexes that can perform both unique and overlapping functions. The intrinsically disordered and variable C-terminal domains of the LICs are indispensable for engaging a variety of structurally divergent adaptors. Here, we hypothesize that numerous spatiotemporally regulated permutations of posttranslational modifications of the LICs, as well as of the adaptors and cargoes, exponentially expand the spectrum of dynein-adaptor-cargo complexes. We thematically illustrate the possibilities that could generate a vast set of biochemical variations required to support the wide range of dynein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Kumari
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Neeraj Wasnik
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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37
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Monster JL, Donker L, Vliem MJ, Win Z, Matthews HK, Cheah JS, Yamada S, de Rooij J, Baum B, Gloerich M. An asymmetric junctional mechanoresponse coordinates mitotic rounding with epithelial integrity. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202001042. [PMID: 33688935 PMCID: PMC7953256 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelia are continuously self-renewed, but how epithelial integrity is maintained during the morphological changes that cells undergo in mitosis is not well understood. Here, we show that as epithelial cells round up when they enter mitosis, they exert tensile forces on neighboring cells. We find that mitotic cell-cell junctions withstand these tensile forces through the mechanosensitive recruitment of the actin-binding protein vinculin to cadherin-based adhesions. Surprisingly, vinculin that is recruited to mitotic junctions originates selectively from the neighbors of mitotic cells, resulting in an asymmetric composition of cadherin junctions. Inhibition of junctional vinculin recruitment in neighbors of mitotic cells results in junctional breakage and weakened epithelial barrier. Conversely, the absence of vinculin from the cadherin complex in mitotic cells is necessary to successfully undergo mitotic rounding. Our data thus identify an asymmetric mechanoresponse at cadherin adhesions during mitosis, which is essential to maintain epithelial integrity while at the same time enable the shape changes of mitotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooske L. Monster
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Donker
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein J. Vliem
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zaw Win
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen K. Matthews
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joleen S. Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Soichiro Yamada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Johan de Rooij
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Buzz Baum
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martijn Gloerich
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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38
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Garnish SE, Meng Y, Koide A, Sandow JJ, Denbaum E, Jacobsen AV, Yeung W, Samson AL, Horne CR, Fitzgibbon C, Young SN, Smith PPC, Webb AI, Petrie EJ, Hildebrand JM, Kannan N, Czabotar PE, Koide S, Murphy JM. Conformational interconversion of MLKL and disengagement from RIPK3 precede cell death by necroptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2211. [PMID: 33850121 PMCID: PMC8044208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the MLKL pseudokinase by the RIPK3 kinase leads to MLKL oligomerization, translocation to, and permeabilization of, the plasma membrane to induce necroptotic cell death. The precise choreography of MLKL activation remains incompletely understood. Here, we report Monobodies, synthetic binding proteins, that bind the pseudokinase domain of MLKL within human cells and their crystal structures in complex with the human MLKL pseudokinase domain. While Monobody-32 constitutively binds the MLKL hinge region, Monobody-27 binds MLKL via an epitope that overlaps the RIPK3 binding site and is only exposed after phosphorylated MLKL disengages from RIPK3 following necroptotic stimulation. The crystal structures identified two distinct conformations of the MLKL pseudokinase domain, supporting the idea that a conformational transition accompanies MLKL disengagement from RIPK3. These studies provide further evidence that MLKL undergoes a large conformational change upon activation, and identify MLKL disengagement from RIPK3 as a key regulatory step in the necroptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yanxiang Meng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Akiko Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric Denbaum
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annette V Jacobsen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Wayland Yeung
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andre L Samson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Phoebe P C Smith
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma J Petrie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shohei Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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39
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Łukasik P, Załuski M, Gutowska I. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDK) and Their Role in Diseases Development-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062935. [PMID: 33805800 PMCID: PMC7998717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in many crucial processes, such as cell cycle and transcription, as well as communication, metabolism, and apoptosis. The kinases are organized in a pathway to ensure that, during cell division, each cell accurately replicates its DNA, and ensure its segregation equally between the two daughter cells. Deregulation of any of the stages of the cell cycle or transcription leads to apoptosis but, if uncorrected, can result in a series of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease), and stroke. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the characteristics of cyclin-dependent kinases as potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Łukasik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Michał Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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40
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Yu B, Mamedov R, Fuhler GM, Peppelenbosch MP. Drug Discovery in Liver Disease Using Kinome Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2623. [PMID: 33807722 PMCID: PMC7961955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is one of the most important organs, playing critical roles in maintaining biochemical homeostasis. Accordingly, disease of the liver is often debilitating and responsible for untold human misery. As biochemical nexus, with kinases being master regulators of cellular biochemistry, targeting kinase enzymes is an obvious avenue for treating liver disease. Development of such therapy, however, is hampered by the technical difficulty of obtaining comprehensive insight into hepatic kinase activity, a problem further compounded by the often unique aspects of hepatic kinase activities, which makes extrapolations from other systems difficult. This consideration prompted us to review the current state of the art with respect to kinome profiling approaches towards the hepatic kinome. We observe that currently four different approaches are available, all showing significant promise. Hence we postulate that insight into the hepatic kinome will quickly increase, leading to rational kinase-targeted therapy for different liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.Y.); (R.M.); (G.M.F.)
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41
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Meng Y, Sandow JJ, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. The regulation of necroptosis by post-translational modifications. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:861-883. [PMID: 33462412 PMCID: PMC7937688 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a caspase-independent, lytic form of programmed cell death whose errant activation has been widely implicated in many pathologies. The pathway relies on the assembly of the apical protein kinases, RIPK1 and RIPK3, into a high molecular weight cytoplasmic complex, termed the necrosome, downstream of death receptor or pathogen detector ligation. The necrosome serves as a platform for RIPK3-mediated phosphorylation of the terminal effector, the MLKL pseudokinase, which induces its oligomerization, translocation to, and perturbation of, the plasma membrane to cause cell death. Over the past 10 years, knowledge of the post-translational modifications that govern RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL conformation, activity, interactions, stability and localization has rapidly expanded. Here, we review current knowledge of the functions of phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, GlcNAcylation, proteolytic cleavage, and disulfide bonding in regulating necroptotic signaling. Post-translational modifications serve a broad array of functions in modulating RIPK1 engagement in, or exclusion from, cell death signaling, whereas the bulk of identified RIPK3 and MLKL modifications promote their necroptotic functions. An enhanced understanding of the modifying enzymes that tune RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL necroptotic functions will prove valuable in efforts to therapeutically modulate necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Meng
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Jarrod J. Sandow
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Peter E. Czabotar
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - James M. Murphy
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
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42
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Garcia-Recio S, Thennavan A, East MP, Parker JS, Cejalvo JM, Garay JP, Hollern DP, He X, Mott KR, Galván P, Fan C, Selitsky SR, Coffey AR, Marron D, Brasó-Maristany F, Burgués O, Albanell J, Rojo F, Lluch A, de Dueñas EM, Rosen JM, Johnson GL, Carey LA, Prat A, Perou CM. FGFR4 regulates tumor subtype differentiation in luminal breast cancer and metastatic disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4871-4887. [PMID: 32573490 DOI: 10.1172/jci130323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms driving tumor progression from less aggressive subtypes to more aggressive states represent key targets for therapy. We identified a subset of luminal A primary breast tumors that give rise to HER2-enriched (HER2E) subtype metastases, but remain clinically HER2 negative (cHER2-). By testing the unique genetic and transcriptomic features of these cases, we developed the hypothesis that FGFR4 likely participates in this subtype switching. To evaluate this, we developed 2 FGFR4 genomic signatures using a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model treated with an FGFR4 inhibitor, which inhibited PDX growth in vivo. Bulk tumor gene expression analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that the inhibition of FGFR4 signaling caused molecular switching. In the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) breast cancer cohort, FGFR4-induced and FGFR4-repressed signatures each predicted overall survival. Additionally, the FGFR4-induced signature was an independent prognostic factor beyond subtype and stage. Supervised analysis of 77 primary tumors with paired metastases revealed that the FGFR4-induced signature was significantly higher in luminal/ER+ tumor metastases compared with their primaries. Finally, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the FGFR4-induced signature also predicted site-specific metastasis for lung, liver, and brain, but not for bone or lymph nodes. These data identify a link between FGFR4-regulated genes and metastasis, suggesting treatment options for FGFR4-positive patients, whose high expression is not caused by mutation or amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Garcia-Recio
- Lineberger Comprehensive Center and.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Aatish Thennavan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Center and.,Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Michael P East
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Center and.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Juan M Cejalvo
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Oncology (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph P Garay
- Lineberger Comprehensive Center and.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Daniel P Hollern
- Lineberger Comprehensive Center and.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Xiaping He
- Lineberger Comprehensive Center and.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Kevin R Mott
- Lineberger Comprehensive Center and.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Patricia Galván
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Oncology (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Center and.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Fara Brasó-Maristany
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Oncology (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Octavio Burgués
- GEICAM, Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- GEICAM, Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- GEICAM, Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- GEICAM, Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martinez de Dueñas
- GEICAM, Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Provincial de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | - Jeffery M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gary L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa A Carey
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Oncology (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Center and.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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43
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Differential Role of Threonine and Tyrosine Phosphorylation in the Activation and Activity of the Yeast MAPK Slt2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031110. [PMID: 33498635 PMCID: PMC7866135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Slt2 is central to signaling through the yeast Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathway. MAPKs are regulated by phosphorylation at both the threonine and tyrosine of the conserved TXY motif within the activation loop (T190/Y192 in Slt2). Since phosphorylation at both sites results in the full activation of MAPKs, signaling through MAPK pathways is monitored with antibodies that detect dually phosphorylated forms. However, most of these antibodies also recognize monophosphorylated species, whose relative abundance and functionality are diverse. By using different phosphospecific antibodies and phosphate-affinity (Phos-tag) analysis on distinct Slt2 mutants, we determined that Y192- and T190-monophosphorylated species coexist with biphosphorylated Slt2, although most of the Slt2 pool remains unphosphorylated following stress. Among the monophosphorylated forms, only T190 exhibited biological activity. Upon stimulation, Slt2 is first phosphorylated at Y192, mainly by the MAPKK Mkk1, and this phosphorylation is important for the subsequent T190 phosphorylation. Similarly, dephosphorylation of Slt2 by the Dual Specificity Phosphatase (DSP) Msg5 is ordered, with dephosphorylation of T190 depending on previous Y192 dephosphorylation. Whereas Y192 phosphorylation enhances the Slt2 catalytic activity, T190 is essential for this activity. The conserved T195 residue is also critical for Slt2 functionality. Mutations that abolish the activity of Slt2 result in a high increase in inactive Y192-monophosphorylated Slt2. The coexistence of different Slt2 phosphoforms with diverse biological significance highlights the importance of the precise detection of the Slt2 phosphorylation status.
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44
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Geraghty Z, Barnard C, Uluocak P, Gruneberg U. The association of Plk1 with the astrin-kinastrin complex promotes formation and maintenance of a metaphase plate. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs251025. [PMID: 33288550 PMCID: PMC7803464 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Errors in mitotic chromosome segregation can lead to DNA damage and aneuploidy, both hallmarks of cancer. To achieve synchronous error-free segregation, mitotic chromosomes must align at the metaphase plate with stable amphitelic attachments to microtubules emanating from opposing spindle poles. The astrin-kinastrin (astrin is also known as SPAG5 and kinastrin as SKAP) complex, also containing DYNLL1 and MYCBP, is a spindle and kinetochore protein complex with important roles in bipolar spindle formation, chromosome alignment and microtubule-kinetochore attachment. However, the molecular mechanisms by which astrin-kinastrin fulfils these diverse roles are not fully understood. Here, we characterise a direct interaction between astrin and the mitotic kinase Plk1. We identify the Plk1-binding site on astrin as well as four Plk1 phosphorylation sites on astrin. Regulation of astrin by Plk1 is dispensable for bipolar spindle formation and bulk chromosome congression, but promotes stable microtubule-kinetochore attachments and metaphase plate maintenance. It is known that Plk1 activity is required for effective microtubule-kinetochore attachment formation, and we suggest that astrin phosphorylation by Plk1 contributes to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Geraghty
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Christina Barnard
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Pelin Uluocak
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Ulrike Gruneberg
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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45
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Hemkemeyer SA, Vollmer V, Schwarz V, Lohmann B, Honnert U, Taha M, Schnittler HJ, Bähler M. Local Myo9b RhoGAP activity regulates cell motility. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100136. [PMID: 33268376 PMCID: PMC7949024 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To migrate, cells assume a polarized morphology, extending forward with a leading edge with their trailing edge retracting back toward the cell body. Both cell extension and retraction critically depend on the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, and the small, monomeric GTPases Rac and Rho are important regulators of actin. Activation of Rac induces actin polymerization and cell extension, whereas activation of Rho enhances acto-myosin II contractility and cell retraction. To coordinate migration, these processes must be carefully regulated. The myosin Myo9b, a Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP), negatively regulates Rho activity and deletion of Myo9b in leukocytes impairs cell migration through increased Rho activity. However, it is not known whether cell motility is regulated by global or local inhibition of Rho activity by Myo9b. Here, we addressed this question by using Myo9b-deficient macrophage-like cells that expressed different recombinant Myo9b constructs. We found that Myo9b accumulates in lamellipodial extensions generated by Rac-induced actin polymerization as a function of its motor activity. Deletion of Myo9b in HL-60-derived macrophages altered cell morphology and impaired cell migration. Reintroduction of Myo9b or Myo9b motor and GAP mutants revealed that local GAP activity rescues cell morphology and migration. In summary, Rac activation leads to actin polymerization and recruitment of Myo9b, which locally inhibits Rho activity to enhance directional cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Hemkemeyer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Veith Vollmer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Vera Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Birgit Lohmann
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrike Honnert
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Muna Taha
- Institute of Anatomy & Vascular Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy & Vascular Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Bähler
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany.
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46
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Hwa V. Human growth disorders associated with impaired GH action: Defects in STAT5B and JAK2. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 519:111063. [PMID: 33122102 PMCID: PMC7736371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) promotes postnatal human growth primarily by regulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I production through activation of the GH receptor (GHR)-JAK2-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5B signaling pathway. Inactivating STAT5B mutations, both autosomal recessive (AR) and dominant-negative (DN), are causal of a spectrum of GH insensitivity (GHI) syndrome, IGF-I deficiency and postnatal growth failure. Only AR STAT5B defects, however, confer additional characteristics of immune dysfunction which can manifest as chronic, potentially fatal, pulmonary disease. Somatic activating STAT5B and JAK2 mutations are associated with a plethora of immune abnormalities but appear not to impact human linear growth. In this review, molecular defects associated with STAT5B deficiency is highlighted and insights towards understanding human growth and immunity is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hwa
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, United States.
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47
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Santos J, Dolai S, O’Rourke MB, Liu F, Padula MP, Molloy MP, Milthorpe BK. Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Small Molecule Treated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Chemical Probes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010160. [PMID: 33375241 PMCID: PMC7795898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells toward a neural phenotype by small molecules has been a vogue topic in the last decade. The characterization of the produced cells has been explored on a broad scale, examining morphological and specific surface protein markers; however, the lack of insight into the expression of functional proteins and their interactive partners is required to further understand the extent of the process. The phenotypic characterization by proteomic profiling allows for a substantial in-depth analysis of the molecular machinery induced and directing the cellular changes through the process. Herein we describe the temporal analysis and quantitative profiling of neural differentiating human adipose-derived stem cells after sub-proteome enrichment using a bisindolylmaleimide chemical probe. The results show that proteins enriched by the Bis-probe were identified reproducibly with 133, 118, 126 and 89 proteins identified at timepoints 0, 1, 6 and 12, respectively. Each temporal timepoint presented several shared and unique proteins relative to neural differentiation and their interactivity. The major protein classes enriched and quantified were enzymes, structural and ribosomal proteins that are integral to differentiation pathways. There were 42 uniquely identified enzymes identified in the cells, many acting as hubs in the networks with several interactions across the network modulating key biological pathways. From the cohort, it was found by gene ontology analysis that 18 enzymes had direct involvement with neurogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerran Santos
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sibasish Dolai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.D.); (F.L.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Matthew B. O’Rourke
- Northern Clinical School, Bowel Cancer & Biomarker Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lvl 8, Kolling Instiute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.D.); (F.L.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mark P. Molloy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.D.); (F.L.); (M.P.M.)
- Northern Clinical School, Bowel Cancer & Biomarker Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lvl 8, Kolling Instiute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Bruce K. Milthorpe
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
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48
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RON signalling promotes therapeutic resistance in ESR1 mutant breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:191-206. [PMID: 33257837 PMCID: PMC7782501 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oestrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) mutations are frequently acquired in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients who were treated with aromatase inhibitors (AI) in the metastatic setting. Acquired ESR1 mutations are associated with poor prognosis and there is a lack of effective therapies that selectively target these cancers. Methods We performed a proteomic kinome analysis in ESR1 Y537S mutant cells to identify hyperactivated kinases in ESR1 mutant cells. We validated Recepteur d’Origine Nantais (RON) and PI3K hyperactivity through phospho-immunoblot analysis, organoid growth assays, and in an in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) metastatic model. Results We demonstrated that RON was hyperactivated in ESR1 mutant models, and in acquired palbociclib-resistant (PalbR) models. RON and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) interacted as shown through pharmacological and genetic inhibition and were regulated by the mutant ER as demonstrated by reduced phospho-protein expression with endocrine therapies (ET). We show that ET in combination with a RON inhibitor (RONi) decreased ex vivo organoid growth of ESR1 mutant models, and as a monotherapy in PalbR models, demonstrating its therapeutic efficacy. Significantly, ET in combination with the RONi reduced metastasis of an ESR1 Y537S mutant PDX model. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that RON/PI3K pathway inhibition may be an effective treatment strategy in ESR1 mutant and PalbR MBC patients. Clinically our data predict that ET resistance mechanisms can also contribute to CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance. ![]()
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Wang Z, Qi Y, Wang R, Wu W, Li Z, Wang M, Liu R, Zhang C, Li W, Wang S. IGFBP6 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and morphology via cyclin E-CDK2. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9538-9556. [PMID: 32529639 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of varicose veins, the underlying pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. The present study aims to explore the role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Using a protein array approach, we identified several differentially expressed proteins between varicose great saphenous veins and normal great saphenous veins. Bioinformatic analysis showed that IGFBP6 was closely related to cell proliferation. Further validation confirmed that IGFBP6 was one of the most highly expressed proteins in varicose vein tissue. Knocking down IGFBP6 in VSMCs significantly attenuated cell proliferation and induced the S phase arrest during the cell cycle. Further experiments demonstrated that IGFBP6 knockdown increased cyclin E ubiquitination, which reduced expression of cyclin E and phosphorylation of CDK2. Furthermore, IGFBP6 knockdown arrested centrosome replication, which subsequently influenced VSMC morphology. Ultimately, IGFBP6 was validated to be involved in VSMC proliferation in varicose vein tissues. The present study reveals that IGFBP6 is closely correlated with VSMC biological function and provides unprecedented insights into the underlying pathogenesis of varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhecun Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunling Qi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Dang QCL, Phan DH, Johnson AN, Pasapuleti M, Alkhaldi HA, Zhang F, Vik SB. Analysis of Human Mutations in the Supernumerary Subunits of Complex I. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110296. [PMID: 33233646 PMCID: PMC7699753 DOI: 10.3390/life10110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex I is the largest member of the electron transport chain in human mitochondria. It comprises 45 subunits and requires at least 15 assembly factors. The subunits can be divided into 14 "core" subunits that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions and proton translocation, as well as 31 additional supernumerary (or accessory) subunits whose functions are less well known. Diminished levels of complex I activity are seen in many mitochondrial disease states. This review seeks to tabulate mutations in the supernumerary subunits of humans that appear to cause disease. Mutations in 20 of the supernumerary subunits have been identified. The mutations were analyzed in light of the tertiary and quaternary structure of human complex I (PDB id = 5xtd). Mutations were found that might disrupt the folding of that subunit or that would weaken binding to another subunit. In some cases, it appeared that no protein was made or, at least, could not be detected. A very common outcome is the lack of assembly of complex I when supernumerary subunits are mutated or missing. We suggest that poor assembly is the result of disrupting the large network of subunit interactions that the supernumerary subunits typically engage in.
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