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Mamun MA, Lee BR, Park SH, Muchlas M, Bae DW, Kim TH. Interactive regulation of immune-related resistance genes with salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling in systemic acquired resistance in the Xanthomonas-Brassica pathosystem. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 302:154323. [PMID: 39106735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Pathogen-responsive immune-related genes (resistance genes [R-genes]) and hormones are crucial mediators of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). However, their integrated functions in regulating SAR signaling components in local and distal leaves remain largely unknown. To characterize SAR in the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)-Brassica napus pathosystem, the responses of R-genes, (leaf and phloem) hormone levels, H2O2 levels, and Ca2+ signaling-related genes were assessed in local and distal leaves of plants exposed to four Xcc-treatments: Non-inoculation (control), only secondary Xcc-inoculation in distal leaves (C-Xcc), only primary Xcc-inoculation in local leaves (Xcc), and both primary and secondary Xcc-inoculation (X-Xcc). The primary Xcc-inoculation provoked disease symptoms as evidenced by enlarged destructive necrosis in the local leaves of Xcc and X-Xcc plants 7 days post-inoculation. Comparing visual symptoms in distal leaves 5 days post-secondary inoculation, yellowish necrotic lesions were clearly observed in non Xcc-primed plants (C-Xcc), whereas no visual symptom was developed in Xcc-primed plants (X-Xcc), demonstrating SAR. Pathogen resistance in X-Xcc plants was characterized by distinct upregulations in expression of the PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI)-related kinase-encoding gene, BIK1, the (CC-NB-LRR-type) R-gene, ZAR1, and its signaling-related gene, NDR1, with a concurrent enhancement of the kinase-encoding gene, MAPK6, and a depression of the (TIR-NB-LRR-type) R-gene, TAO1, and its signaling-related gene, SGT1, in distal leaves. Further, in X-Xcc plants, higher salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels, both in phloem and distal leaves, were accompanied by enhanced expressions of the SA-signaling gene, NPR3, the JA-signaling genes, LOX2 and PDF1.2, and the Ca2+-signaling genes, CAS and CBP60g. However, in distal leaves of C-Xcc plants, an increase in SA level resulted in an antagonistic depression of JA, which enhanced only SA-dependent signaling, EDS1 and NPR1. These results demonstrate that primary Xcc-inoculation in local leaves induces resistance to subsequent pathogen attack by upregulating BIK1-ZAR1-mediated synergistic interactions with SA and JA signaling as a crucial component of SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Mamun
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Muchamad Muchlas
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Core-Facility Center for High-Tech Materials Analysis, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Chan C, Liao YJ, Chiou SP. Stress induced factor 2 is a dual regulator for defense and seed germination in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112200. [PMID: 39038707 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) constitute a diverse superfamily of proteins pivotal for various plant physiological processes, including responses to pathogens, hormone perception, growth, and development. Their ability to recognize conserved epitopes for general elicitors and specific pathogens marked significant advancements in plant pathology research. Emerging evidence suggests that RLKs and associated components also act as modulators in hormone signaling and cellular trafficking, showcasing their multifunctional roles in growth and development. Notably, STRESS INDUCED FACTOR 2 (SIF2) stands out as a representative with distinct expression patterns in different Arabidopsis organs. Our prior work highlighted the specific induction of SIF2 expression in guard cells, emphasizing its positive contribution to stomatal immunity. Expanding on these findings, our present study delves into the diverse functions of SIF2 expression in root tissues. Utilizing comprehensive physiology, molecular biology, protein biochemistry, and genetic analyses, we reveal that SIF2 modulates abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in Arabidopsis roots. SIF2 is epistatic with key regulators in the ABA signaling pathway, thereby governing the expression of genes crucial for dormancy release and, consequently, Arabidopsis seed germination. This study sheds light on the intricate roles of SIF2 as a multi-functional RLK, underscoring its organ-specific contributions to plant immunity, hormonal regulation, and seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jun Liao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Peng Chiou
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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3
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Pantaleno R, Scuffi D, Schiel P, Schwarzländer M, Costa A, García-Mata C. Mitochondrial ß-Cyanoalanine Synthase Participates in flg22-Induced Stomatal Immunity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39288437 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants regulate gas exchange with the environment and modulate transpirational water flow through guard cells, which set the aperture of the stomatal pores. External and internal stimuli are detected by guard cells and integrated into a signalling network that modulate turgor pressure and, hence, pore size. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are among the stimuli that induce stomatal closure, to prevent pathogen entry through the pores, and this response, also referred to as stomatal immunity, is one of the hallmarks of PAMP-triggered immunity. While reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signalling plays a key role in stomatal immunity, also the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide (H2S) interacts with key components of the guard cell signalling network to induce stomatal closure. While the role of H2S, produced by the main cytosolic source L-cysteine desulfhydrase 1, has been already investigated, there are additional enzymatic sources that synthesize H2S in different subcellular compartments. Their function has remained enigmatic, however. In this work, we elucidate the involvement of the mitochondrial H2S source, β-cyanoalanine synthase CAS-C1, on stomatal immunity induced by the bacterial PAMP flagellin (flg22). We show that cas-c1 plants are impaired to induce flg22-triggered stomatal closure and apoplastic ROS production, while they are more susceptible to bacterial surface inoculation. Moreover, mitochondrial H2S donor AP39 induced stomatal closure in an RBOHD-dependent manner, while depletion of endogenous H2S, impaired RBOHD-mediated apoplastic ROS production. In addition, pharmacological disruption of mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, affected stomatal closure produced by flg22, indicating its participation in the stomatal immunity response. Our findings add evidence to the emerging realization that intracellular organelles play a decisive role in orchestrating stomatal signalling and immune responses and suggest that mitochondrial-derived H2S is an important player of the stomatal immunity signalling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pantaleno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Denise Scuffi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Paula Schiel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos García-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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4
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Liu Y, Jackson E, Liu X, Huang X, van der Hoorn RAL, Zhang Y, Li X. Proteolysis in plant immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3099-3115. [PMID: 38723588 PMCID: PMC11371161 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Compared with transcription and translation, protein degradation machineries can act faster and be targeted to different subcellular compartments, enabling immediate regulation of signaling events. It is therefore not surprising that proteolysis has been used extensively to control homeostasis of key regulators in different biological processes and pathways. Over the past decades, numerous studies have shown that proteolysis, where proteins are broken down to peptides or amino acids through ubiquitin-mediated degradation systems and proteases, is a key regulatory mechanism to control plant immunity output. Here, we briefly summarize the roles various proteases play during defence activation, focusing on recent findings. We also update the latest progress of ubiquitin-mediated degradation systems in modulating immunity by targeting plant membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors, intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors, and downstream signaling components. Additionally, we highlight recent studies showcasing the importance of proteolysis in maintaining broad-spectrum resistance without obvious yield reduction, opening new directions for engineering elite crops that are resistant to a wide range of pathogens with high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Edan Jackson
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xueru Liu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xingchuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristic Agricultural Resources, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan 641100, China
| | | | - Yuelin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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5
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Yu WW, Chen QF, Liao K, Zhou DM, Yang YC, He M, Yu LJ, Guo DY, Xiao S, Xie RH, Zhou Y. The calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK16 regulates hypoxia-induced ROS production by phosphorylating the NADPH oxidase RBOHD in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3451-3466. [PMID: 38833610 PMCID: PMC11371159 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a key event in modulating plant responses to hypoxia and post-hypoxia reoxygenation. However, the molecular mechanism by which hypoxia-associated ROS homeostasis is controlled remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK16 regulates plant hypoxia tolerance by phosphorylating the plasma membrane-anchored NADPH oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD) to regulate ROS production in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In response to hypoxia or reoxygenation, CPK16 was activated through phosphorylation of its Ser274 residue. The cpk16 knockout mutant displayed enhanced hypoxia tolerance, whereas CPK16-overexpressing (CPK16-OE) lines showed increased sensitivity to hypoxic stress. In agreement with these observations, hypoxia and reoxygenation both induced ROS accumulation in the rosettes of CPK16-OEs more strongly than in the rosettes of the cpk16-1 mutant or the wild type. Moreover, CPK16 interacted with and phosphorylated the N-terminus of RBOHD at 4 serine residues (Ser133, Ser148, Ser163, and Ser347) that were necessary for hypoxia- and reoxygenation-induced ROS accumulation. Furthermore, the hypoxia-tolerant phenotype of cpk16-1 was fully abolished in the cpk16 rbohd double mutant. Thus, we have uncovered a regulatory mechanism by which the CPK16-RBOHD module shapes the ROS production during hypoxia and reoxygenation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences/School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qin-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences/School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ke Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences/School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - De-Mian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences/School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi-Cong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences/School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Miao He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Lu-Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences/School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - De-Ying Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences/School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ruo-Han Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences/School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences/School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Zhang H, Chi Y, Chen S, Lv X, Jia D, Chen Q, Wei T. Scavenging H 2O 2 of plant host by saliva catalase of leafhopper vector benefits viral transmission. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2368-2384. [PMID: 39075808 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) is the main reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme in plants and insects. However, it remains elusive whether and how insect saliva CAT suppresses ROS-mediated plant defense, thereby promoting initial virus transmission by insect vectors. Here, we investigated how leafhopper Recilia dorsalis catalase (RdCAT) was secreted from insect salivary glands into rice phloem, and how it was perceived by rice chaperone NO CATALASE ACTIVITY1 (OsNCA1) to scavenge excessive H2O2 during insect-to-plant virus transmission. We found that the interaction of OsNCA1 with RdCAT activated its enzymatic activity to decompose H2O2 in rice plants during leafhopper feeding. However, initial insect feeding did not significantly change rice CATs transcripts. Knockout of OsNCA1 in transgenic lines decreased leafhopper feeding-activated CAT activity and caused higher H2O2 accumulation. A devastating rice reovirus activated RdCAT expression and promoted the cosecretion of virions and RdCAT into leafhopper salivary cavities and ultimately into the phloem. Virus-mediated increase of RdCAT secretion suppressed excessive H2O2, thereby promoting host attractiveness to insect vectors and initial virus transmission. Our findings provide insights into how insect saliva CAT is secreted and perceived by plant chaperones to suppress the early H2O2 burst during insect feeding, thereby facilitating viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Zhang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yunhua Chi
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xinwei Lv
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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7
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Xie Y, Chi Y, Tao X, Yu P, Liu Q, Zhang M, Yang N, Liu S, Zhu W. Rabies Virus Regulates Inflammatory Response in BV-2 Cells through Activation of Myd88 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways via TLR7. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9144. [PMID: 39273091 PMCID: PMC11395267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a fatal neurological infectious disease caused by rabies virus (RABV), which invades the central nervous system (CNS). RABV with varying virulence regulates chemokine expression, and the mechanisms of signaling pathway activation remains to be elucidated. The relationship between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and immune response induced by RABV has not been fully clarified. Here, we investigated the role of TLR7 in the immune response induced by RABV, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to evaluate the data. We found that different RABV strains (SC16, HN10, CVS-11) significantly increased CCL2, CXCL10 and IL-6 production. Blocking assays indicated that the TLR7 inhibitor reduced the expression of CCL2, CXCL10 and IL-6 (p < 0.01). The activation of the Myd88 pathway in BV-2 cells stimulated by RABV was TLR7-dependent, whereas the inhibition of Myd88 activity reduced the expression of CCL2, CXCL10 and IL-6 (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the RABV stimulation of BV-2 cells resulted in TRL7-mediated activation of NF-κB and induced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. CCL2, CXCL10 and IL-6 release was attenuated by the specific NF-κB inhibitor used (p < 0.01). The findings above demonstrate that RABV-induced expression of CCL2, CXCL10 and IL-6 involves Myd88 and NF-κB pathways via the TLR7 signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yinglin Chi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wuyang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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8
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Meresa BK, Ayimut KM, Weldemichael MY, Geberemedhin KH, Kassegn HH, Geberemikael BA, Egigu EM. Carbohydrate elicitor-induced plant immunity: Advances and prospects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34871. [PMID: 39157329 PMCID: PMC11327524 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The perceived negative impacts of synthetic agrochemicals gave way to alternative, biological plant protection strategies. The deployment of induced resistance, comprising boosting the natural defense responses of plants, is one of those. Plants developed multi-component defense mechanisms to defend themselves against biotic and abiotic stresses. These are activated upon recognition of stress signatures via membrane-localized receptors. The induced immune responses enable plants to tolerate and limit the impact of stresses. A systemic cascade of signals enables plants to prime un-damaged tissues, which is crucial during secondary encounters with stress. Comparable stress tolerance mechanisms can be induced in plants by the application of carbohydrate elicitors such as chitin/chitosan, β-1,3-glucans, oligogalacturonides, cellodextrins, xyloglucans, alginates, ulvans, and carrageenans. Treating plants with carbohydrate-derived elicitors enable the plants to develop resistance appliances against diverse stresses. Some carbohydrates are also known to have been involved in promoting symbiotic signaling. Here, we review recent progresses on plant resistance elicitation effect of various carbohydrate elicitors and the molecular mechanisms of plant cell perception, cascade signals, and responses to cascaded cues. Besides, the molecular mechanisms used by plants to distinguish carbohydrate-induced immunity signals from symbiotic signals are discussed. The structure-activity relationships of the carbohydrate elicitors are also described. Furthermore, we forwarded future research outlooks that might increase the utilization of carbohydrate elicitors in agriculture in order to improve the efficacy of plant protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Kahsay Meresa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Kiros-Meles Ayimut
- Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Micheale Yifter Weldemichael
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Kalayou Hiluf Geberemedhin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Hagos Hailu Kassegn
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Bruh Asmelash Geberemikael
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Etsay Mesele Egigu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
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9
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Hino Y, Inada T, Yoshioka M, Yoshioka H. NADPH oxidase-mediated sulfenylation of cysteine derivatives regulates plant immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4641-4654. [PMID: 38577861 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are rapidly generated during plant immune responses by respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH), which is a plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidase. Although regulatory mechanisms of RBOH activity have been well documented, the ROS-mediated downstream signaling is unclear. We here demonstrated that ROS sensor proteins play a central role in ROS signaling via oxidative post-translational modification of cysteine residues, sulfenylation. To detect protein sulfenylation, we used dimedone, which specifically and irreversibly binds to sulfenylated proteins. The sulfenylated proteins were labeled by dimedone in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and the conjugates were detected by immunoblot analyses. In addition, a reductant dissociated H2O2-induced conjugates, suggesting that cysteine persulfide and/or polysulfides are involved in sulfenylation. These sulfenylated proteins were continuously increased during both pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in a RBOH-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of ROS sensor proteins by dimedone perturbated cell death, ROS accumulation induced by INF1 and MEK2DD, and defense against fungal pathogens. On the other hand, Rpi-blb2-mediated ETI responses were enhanced by dimedone. These results suggest that the sulfenylation of cysteine and its derivatives in various ROS sensor proteins are important events downstream of the RBOH-dependent ROS burst to regulate plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hino
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Taichi Inada
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Miki Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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10
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Giulietti S, Bigini V, Savatin DV. ROS and RNS production, subcellular localization, and signaling triggered by immunogenic danger signals. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4512-4534. [PMID: 37950493 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants continuously monitor the environment to detect changing conditions and to properly respond, avoiding deleterious effects on their fitness and survival. An enormous number of cell surface and intracellular immune receptors are deployed to perceive danger signals associated with microbial infections. Ligand binding by cognate receptors represents the first essential event in triggering plant immunity and determining the outcome of the tissue invasion attempt. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are secondary messengers rapidly produced in different subcellular localizations upon the perception of immunogenic signals. Danger signal transduction inside the plant cells involves cytoskeletal rearrangements as well as several organelles and interactions between them to activate key immune signaling modules. Such immune processes depend on ROS and RNS accumulation, highlighting their role as key regulators in the execution of the immune cellular program. In fact, ROS and RNS are synergic and interdependent intracellular signals required for decoding danger signals and for the modulation of defense-related responses. Here we summarize current knowledge on ROS/RNS production, compartmentalization, and signaling in plant cells that have perceived immunogenic danger signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Giulietti
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bigini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Daniel V Savatin
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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11
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Gao C, Zhao Y, Wang W, Zhang B, Huang X, Wang Y, Tang D. BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 1 modulates OPEN STOMATA 1 phosphorylation and contributes to stomatal closure and plant immunity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39126292 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Stomatal movement plays a critical role in plant immunity by limiting the entry of pathogens. OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) is a key component that mediates stomatal closure in plants, however, how OST1 functions in response to pathogens is not well understood. RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 902 (RLK902) phosphorylates BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 1 (BSK1) and positively modulates plant resistance. In this study, by a genome-wide phosphorylation analysis, we found that the phosphorylation of BSK1 and OST1 was missing in the rlk902 mutant compared with the wild-type plants, indicating a potential connection between the RLK902-BSK1 module and OST1-mediated stomatal closure. We showed that RLK902 and BSK1 contribute to stomatal immunity, as the stomatal closure induced by the bacterial pathogen Pto DC3000 was impaired in rlk902 and bsk1-1 mutants. Stomatal immunity mediated by RLK902 was dependent on BSK1 phosphorylation at Ser230, a key phosphorylation site for BSK1 functions. Several phosphorylation sites of OST1 were important for RLK902- and BSK1-mediated stomatal immunity. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of Ser171 and Ser175 in OST1 contributed to the stomatal immunity mediated by RLK902 but not by BSK1, while phosphorylation of OST1 at Ser29 and Thr176 residues was critical for BSK1-mediated stomatal immunity. Taken together, these results indicate that RLK902 and BSK1 contribute to disease resistance via OST1-mediated stomatal closure. This work revealed a new function of BSK1 in activating stomatal immunity, and the role of RLK902-BSK1 and OST1 module in regulating pathogen-induced stomatal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yaofei Zhao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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12
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García P, Singh S, Graciet E. New Insights into the Connections between Flooding/Hypoxia Response and Plant Defenses against Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2176. [PMID: 39204612 PMCID: PMC11358971 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The impact of global climate change has highlighted the need for a better understanding of how plants respond to multiple simultaneous or sequential stresses, not only to gain fundamental knowledge of how plants integrate signals and mount a coordinated response to stresses but also for applications to improve crop resilience to environmental stresses. In recent years, there has been a stronger emphasis on understanding how plants integrate stresses and the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between the signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that underpin plant responses to multiple stresses. The combination of flooding (or resulting hypoxic stress) with pathogen infection is particularly relevant due to the frequent co-occurrence of both stresses in nature. This review focuses on (i) experimental approaches and challenges associated with the study of combined and sequential flooding/hypoxia and pathogen infection, (ii) how flooding (or resulting hypoxic stress) influences plant immunity and defense responses to pathogens, and (iii) how flooding contributes to shaping the soil microbiome and is linked to plants' ability to fight pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 X021 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (P.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Shreenivas Singh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 X021 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (P.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Emmanuelle Graciet
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 X021 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (P.G.); (S.S.)
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 X021 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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13
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Castro B, Baik S, Tran M, Zhu J, Li T, Tang A, Aoun N, Blundell AC, Gomez M, Zhang E, Cho MJ, Lowe-Power T, Siddique S, Staskawicz B, Coaker G. Gene editing of the E3 ligase PIRE1 fine-tunes ROS production for enhanced bacterial disease resistance in tomato. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.31.606097. [PMID: 39131268 PMCID: PMC11312566 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.31.606097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is required for effective plant defense. Accumulation of the Arabidopsis NADPH oxidase RBOHD is regulated by phosphorylation of a conserved C-terminal residue (T912) leading to ubiquitination by the RING E3 ligase PIRE. Arabidopsis PIRE knockouts exhibit enhanced ROS production and resistance to the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Here, we identified 170 PIRE homologs, which emerged in Tracheophytes and expanded in Angiosperms. We investigated the role of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) PIRE homologs in regulating ROS production, RBOH stability, and disease resistance. Mutational analyses of residues corresponding to T912 in the tomato RBOHD ortholog, SlRBOHB, affected protein accumulation and ROS production in a PIRE-dependent manner. Using CRISPR-cas9, we generated mutants in two S. lycopersicum PIRE homologs (SlPIRE). SlPIRE1 edited lines (Slpire1) in the tomato cultivar M82 displayed enhanced ROS production upon treatment with flg22, an immunogenic epitope of flagellin. Furthermore, Slpire1 exhibited decreased disease symptoms and bacterial accumulation when inoculated with foliar bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas campestris. However, Slpire1 exhibited similar levels of colonization as wild type upon inoculation with diverse soilborne pathogens. These results indicate that phosphorylation and ubiquitination crosstalk regulate RBOHs in multiple plant species, and PIRE is a promising target for foliar disease control. This study also highlights the pathogen-specific role of PIRE, indicating its potential for targeted manipulation to enhance foliar disease resistance without affecting root-associated interactions, positioning PIRE as a promising target for improving overall plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardo Castro
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Suji Baik
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Megann Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tianrun Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Tang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nathalie Aoun
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alison C Blundell
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gomez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Zhang
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Myeong-Je Cho
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Lowe-Power
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian Staskawicz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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14
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Myers RJ, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Fichman Y. Functional analysis of reactive oxygen species-driven stress systemic signalling, interplay and acclimation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2842-2851. [PMID: 38515255 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in plant development and stress responses, acting as key components in rapid signalling pathways. The 'ROS wave' triggers essential acclimation processes, ultimately ensuring plant survival under diverse challenges. This review explores recent advances in understanding the composition and functionality of the ROS wave within plant cells. During their initiation and propagation, ROS waves interact with other rapid signalling pathways, hormones and various molecular compounds. Recent research sheds light on the intriguing lack of a rigid hierarchy governing these interactions, highlighting a complex interplay between diverse signals. Notably, ROS waves culminate in systemic acclimation, a crucial outcome for enhanced stress tolerance. This review emphasizes the versatility of ROS, which act as flexible players within a network of short- and long-term factors contributing to plant stress resilience. Unveiling the intricacies of these interactions between ROS and various signalling molecules holds immense potential for developing strategies to augment plant stress tolerance, contributing to improved agricultural practices and overall ecosystem well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Myers
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - María Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yosef Fichman
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Kavroumatzi CK, Boutsika A, Ortega P, Zambounis A, Tsitsigiannis DI. Unlocking the Transcriptional Reprogramming Repertoire between Variety-Dependent Responses of Grapevine Berries to Infection by Aspergillus carbonarius. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2043. [PMID: 39124161 PMCID: PMC11314482 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus carbonarius causes severe decays on berries in vineyards and is among the main fungal species responsible for grape contamination by ochratoxin A (OTA), which is the foremost mycotoxin produced by this fungus. The main goal of this study was to investigate at the transcriptome level the comparative profiles between two table grape varieties (Victoria and Fraoula, the white and red variety, respectively) after their inoculation with a virulent OTA-producing A. carbonarius strain. The two varieties revealed quite different transcriptomic signatures and the expression profiles of the differential expressed genes (DEGs) highlighted distinct and variety-specific responses during the infection period. The significant enrichment of pathways related to the modulation of transcriptional dynamics towards the activation of defence responses, the triggering of the metabolic shunt for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, mainly phenylpropanoids, and the upregulation of DEGs encoding phytoalexins, transcription factors, and genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction and immune signaling transduction was revealed in an early time point in Fraoula, whereas, in Victoria, any transcriptional reprogramming was observed after a delay. However, both varieties, to some extent, also showed common expression dynamics for specific DEG families, such as those encoding for laccases and stilbene synthases. Jasmonate (JA) may play a critical modulator role in the defence machinery as various JA-biosynthetic DEGs were upregulated. Along with the broader modulation of the transcriptome that was observed in white grape, expression profiles of specific A. carbonarius genes related to pathogenesis, fungal sporulation, and conidiation highlight the higher susceptibility of Victoria. Furthermore, the A. carbonarius transcriptional patterns directly associated with the regulation of the pathogen OTA-biosynthesis gene cluster were more highly induced in Victoria than in Fraoula. The latter was less contaminated by OTA and showed substantially lower sporulation. These findings contribute to uncovering the interplay beyond this plant-microbe interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia K. Kavroumatzi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (C.K.K.); (P.O.)
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA (ELGO—DIMITRA), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anastasia Boutsika
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA (ELGO—DIMITRA), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Paula Ortega
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (C.K.K.); (P.O.)
- Department of Agro-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Antonios Zambounis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA (ELGO—DIMITRA), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Dimitrios I. Tsitsigiannis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (C.K.K.); (P.O.)
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16
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Brauer EK, Bosnich W, Holy K, Thapa I, Krishnan S, Moatter Syed, Bredow M, Sproule A, Power M, Johnston A, Cloutier M, Haribabu N, Izhar U H Khan, Diallo JS, Monaghan J, Chabot D, Overy DP, Subramaniam R, Piñeros M, Blackwell B, Harris LJ. A cyclic lipopeptide from Fusarium graminearum targets plant membranes to promote virulence. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114384. [PMID: 38970790 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial plant pathogens deploy amphipathic cyclic lipopeptides to reduce surface tension in their environment. While plants can detect these molecules to activate cellular stress responses, the role of these lipopeptides or associated host responses in pathogenesis are not fully clear. The gramillin cyclic lipopeptide is produced by the Fusarium graminearum fungus and is a virulence factor and toxin in maize. Here, we show that gramillin promotes virulence and necrosis in both monocots and dicots by disrupting ion balance across membranes. Gramillin is a cation-conducting ionophore and causes plasma membrane depolarization. This disruption triggers cellular signaling, including a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), transcriptional reprogramming, and callose production. Gramillin-induced ROS depends on expression of host ILK1 and RBOHD genes, which promote fungal induction of virulence genes during infection and host susceptibility. We conclude that gramillin's ionophore activity targets plant membranes to coordinate attack by the F. graminearum fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Brauer
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A7, Canada.
| | - Whynn Bosnich
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Kirsten Holy
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Indira Thapa
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Srinivasan Krishnan
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Moatter Syed
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A7, Canada
| | - Melissa Bredow
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Biological Sciences Complex, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Amanda Sproule
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Monique Power
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A7, Canada
| | - Anne Johnston
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Michel Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Naveen Haribabu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Izhar U H Khan
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Monaghan
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Biological Sciences Complex, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Denise Chabot
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - David P Overy
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Rajagopal Subramaniam
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Miguel Piñeros
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Barbara Blackwell
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Linda J Harris
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
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17
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Cho H, Seo D, Kim M, Nam BE, Ahn S, Kang M, Bang G, Kwon CT, Joo Y, Oh E. SERKs serve as co-receptors for SYR1 to trigger systemin-mediated defense responses in tomato. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39041927 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Systemin, the first peptide hormone identified in plants, was initially isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves. Systemin mediates local and systemic wound-induced defense responses in plants, conferring resistance to necrotrophic fungi and herbivorous insects. Systemin is recognized by the leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) receptor SYSTEMIN RECEPTOR1 (SYR1), but how the systemin recognition signal is transduced to intracellular signaling pathways to trigger defense responses is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that SERK family LRR-RLKs function as co-receptors for SYR1 to mediate systemin signal transduction in tomato. By using chemical genetic approaches coupled with engineered receptors, we revealed that the association of the cytoplasmic kinase domains of SYR1 with SERKs leads to their mutual trans-phosphorylation and the activation of SYR1, which in turn induces a wide range of defense responses. Systemin stimulates the association between SYR1 and all tomato SERKs (SlSERK1, SlSERK3A, and SlSERK3B). The resulting SYR1-SlSERK heteromeric complexes trigger the phosphorylation of TOMATO PROTEIN KINASE 1B (TPK1b), a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase that positively regulates systemin responses. Additionally, upon association with SYR1, SlSERKs are cleaved by the Pseudomonas syringae effector HopB1, further supporting the finding that SlSERKs are activated by systemin-bound SYR1. Finally, genetic analysis using Slserk mutants showed that SlSERKs are essential for systemin-mediated defense responses. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the systemin-mediated association of SYR1 and SlSERKs activates defense responses against herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Dain Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Bo Eun Nam
- Research, Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Soyoun Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Minju Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Geul Bang
- Digital Omics Research Center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Korea
| | - Choon-Tak Kwon
- Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Youngsung Joo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Eunkyoo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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18
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Wen Y, Wang F, Wang H, Bi Y, Yan Y, Noman M, Li D, Song F. Melon CmRLCK VII-8 kinase genes CmRLCK27, CmRLCK30 and CmRLCK34 modulate resistance against bacterial and fungal diseases in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14456. [PMID: 39072778 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) represent a distinct class of receptor-like kinases crucial for various aspects of plant biology, including growth, development, and stress responses. This study delves into the characterization of RLCK VII-8 members within cucurbits, particularly in melon, examining both structural features and the phylogenetic relationships of these genes/proteins. The investigation extends to their potential involvement in disease resistance by employing ectopic overexpression in Arabidopsis. The promoters of CmRLCK VII-8 genes harbor multiple phytohormone- and stress-responsive cis-acting elements, with the majority (excluding CmRLCK39) displaying upregulated expression in response to defense hormones and fungal infection. Subcellular localization studies reveal that CmRLCK VII-8 proteins predominantly reside on the plasma membrane, with CmRLCK29 and CmRLCK30 exhibiting additional nuclear distribution. Notably, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CmRLCK30 manifest dwarfing and delayed flowering phenotypes. Overexpression of CmRLCK27, CmRLCK30, and CmRLCK34 in Arabidopsis imparts enhanced resistance against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, concomitant with the strengthened expression of defense genes and reactive oxygen species accumulation. The CmRLCK VII-8 members actively participate in chitin- and flg22-triggered immune responses. Furthermore, CmRLCK30 interacts with CmMAPKKK1 and CmARFGAP, adding a layer of complexity to the regulatory network. In summary, this functional characterization underscores the regulatory roles of CmRLCK27, CmRLCK30, and CmRLCK34 in immune responses by influencing pathogen-induced defense gene expression and ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fahao Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dayong Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengming Song
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Wang B, Zhou Z, Zhou JM, Li J. Myosin XI-mediated BIK1 recruitment to nanodomains facilitates FLS2-BIK1 complex formation during innate immunity in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312415121. [PMID: 38875149 PMCID: PMC11194512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312415121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants rely on immune receptor complexes at the cell surface to perceive microbial molecules and transduce these signals into the cell to regulate immunity. Various immune receptors and associated proteins are often dynamically distributed in specific nanodomains on the plasma membrane (PM). However, the exact molecular mechanism and functional relevance of this nanodomain targeting in plant immunity regulation remain largely unknown. By utilizing high spatiotemporal resolution imaging and single-particle tracking analysis, we show that myosin XIK interacts with remorin to recruit and stabilize PM-associated kinase BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) within immune receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2)-containing nanodomains. This recruitment facilitates FLS2/BIK1 complex formation, leading to the full activation of BIK1-dependent defense responses upon ligand perception. Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence that myosin XI functions as a molecular scaffold to enable a spatially confined complex assembly within nanodomains. This ensures the presence of a sufficient quantity of preformed immune receptor complex for efficient signaling transduction from the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province572024, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jiejie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
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20
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Lalun VO, Breiden M, Galindo-Trigo S, Smakowska-Luzan E, Simon RGW, Butenko MA. A dual function of the IDA peptide in regulating cell separation and modulating plant immunity at the molecular level. eLife 2024; 12:RP87912. [PMID: 38896460 PMCID: PMC11186634 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The abscission of floral organs and emergence of lateral roots in Arabidopsis is regulated by the peptide ligand inflorescence deficient in abscission (IDA) and the receptor protein kinases HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-like 2 (HSL2). During these cell separation processes, the plant induces defense-associated genes to protect against pathogen invasion. However, the molecular coordination between abscission and immunity has not been thoroughly explored. Here, we show that IDA induces a release of cytosolic calcium ions (Ca2+) and apoplastic production of reactive oxygen species, which are signatures of early defense responses. In addition, we find that IDA promotes late defense responses by the transcriptional upregulation of genes known to be involved in immunity. When comparing the IDA induced early immune responses to known immune responses, such as those elicited by flagellin22 treatment, we observe both similarities and differences. We propose a molecular mechanism by which IDA promotes signatures of an immune response in cells destined for separation to guard them from pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Olsson Lalun
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Maike Breiden
- Institute for Developmental Genetics and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Sergio Galindo-Trigo
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Elwira Smakowska-Luzan
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Rüdiger GW Simon
- Institute for Developmental Genetics and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
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21
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Tsafouros A, Tsalgatidou PC, Boutsika A, Delis C, Mincuzzi A, Ippolito A, Zambounis A. Deciphering the Interaction between Coniella granati and Pomegranate Fruit Employing Transcriptomics. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:752. [PMID: 38929736 PMCID: PMC11205003 DOI: 10.3390/life14060752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate fruit dry rot is caused by Coniella granati, also referred as Pilidiella granati. In order to decipher the induced responses of mature pomegranates inoculated with the pathogen, an RNA-seq analysis was employed. A high number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed through a three-time series inoculation period. The transcriptional reprogramming was time-dependent, whereas the majority of DEGs were suppressed and the expression patterns of specific genes may facilitate the pathogen colonization at 1 day after inoculation (dai). In contrast, at 2 dai and mainly thereafter at 3 dai, defense responses were partially triggered in delay. Particularly, DEGs were mainly upregulated at the latest time point. Among them, specific DEGs involved in cell wall modification and degradation processes, pathogen recognition and signaling transduction cascades, activation of specific defense and metabolite biosynthesis-related genes, as well in induction of particular families of transcriptional factors, may constitute crucial components of a defense recruiting strategy employed by pomegranate fruit upon C. granati challenge. Overall, our findings provide novel insights to the compatible interaction of pomegranates-C. granati and lay the foundations for establishing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies involving advanced approaches, such as gene editing or molecular breeding programs for disease resistance, according to European Union (EU) goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Tsafouros
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Polina C. Tsalgatidou
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Boutsika
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas Delis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Annamaria Mincuzzi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Ippolito
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonios Zambounis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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Ijaz U, Zhao C, Shabala S, Zhou M. Molecular Basis of Plant-Pathogen Interactions in the Agricultural Context. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:421. [PMID: 38927301 PMCID: PMC11200688 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Biotic stressors pose significant threats to crop yield, jeopardizing food security and resulting in losses of over USD 220 billion per year by the agriculture industry. Plants activate innate defense mechanisms upon pathogen perception and invasion. The plant immune response comprises numerous concerted steps, including the recognition of invading pathogens, signal transduction, and activation of defensive pathways. However, pathogens have evolved various structures to evade plant immunity. Given these facts, genetic improvements to plants are required for sustainable disease management to ensure global food security. Advanced genetic technologies have offered new opportunities to revolutionize and boost plant disease resistance against devastating pathogens. Furthermore, targeting susceptibility (S) genes, such as OsERF922 and BnWRKY70, through CRISPR methodologies offers novel avenues for disrupting the molecular compatibility of pathogens and for introducing durable resistance against them in plants. Here, we provide a critical overview of advances in understanding disease resistance mechanisms. The review also critically examines management strategies under challenging environmental conditions and R-gene-based plant genome-engineering systems intending to enhance plant responses against emerging pathogens. This work underscores the transformative potential of modern genetic engineering practices in revolutionizing plant health and crop disease management while emphasizing the importance of responsible application to ensure sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ijaz
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (U.I.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (U.I.); (C.Z.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (U.I.); (C.Z.)
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23
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Park J, Son H. Antioxidant Systems of Plant Pathogenic Fungi: Functions in Oxidative Stress Response and Their Regulatory Mechanisms. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 40:235-250. [PMID: 38835295 PMCID: PMC11162859 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.01.2024.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
During the infection process, plant pathogenic fungi encounter plant-derived oxidative stress, and an appropriate response to this stress is crucial to their survival and establishment of the disease. Plant pathogenic fungi have evolved several mechanisms to eliminate oxidants from the external environment and maintain cellular redox homeostasis. When oxidative stress is perceived, various signaling transduction pathways are triggered and activate the downstream genes responsible for the oxidative stress response. Despite extensive research on antioxidant systems and their regulatory mechanisms in plant pathogenic fungi, the specific functions of individual antioxidants and their impacts on pathogenicity have not recently been systematically summarized. Therefore, our objective is to consolidate previous research on the antioxidant systems of plant pathogenic fungi. In this review, we explore the plant immune responses during fungal infection, with a focus on the generation and function of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, we delve into the three antioxidant systems, summarizing their functions and regulatory mechanisms involved in oxidative stress response. This comprehensive review provides an integrated overview of the antioxidant mechanisms within plant pathogenic fungi, revealing how the oxidative stress response contributes to their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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24
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Nakano RT, Shimasaki T. Long-Term Consequences of PTI Activation and Its Manipulation by Root-Associated Microbiota. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:681-693. [PMID: 38549511 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In nature, plants are constantly colonized by a massive diversity of microbes engaged in mutualistic, pathogenic or commensal relationships with the host. Molecular patterns present in these microbes activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which detects microbes in the apoplast or at the tissue surface. Whether and how PTI distinguishes among soil-borne pathogens, opportunistic pathogens, and commensal microbes within the soil microbiota remains unclear. PTI is a multimodal series of molecular events initiated by pattern perception, such as Ca2+ influx, reactive oxygen burst, and extensive transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. These short-term responses may manifest within minutes to hours, while the long-term consequences of chronic PTI activation persist for days to weeks. Chronic activation of PTI is detrimental to plant growth, so plants need to coordinate growth and defense depending on the surrounding biotic and abiotic environments. Recent studies have demonstrated that root-associated commensal microbes can activate or suppress immune responses to variable extents, clearly pointing to the role of PTI in root-microbiota interactions. However, the molecular mechanisms by which root commensals interfere with root immunity and root immunity modulates microbial behavior remain largely elusive. Here, with a focus on the difference between short-term and long-term PTI responses, we summarize what is known about microbial interference with host PTI, especially in the context of root microbiota. We emphasize some missing pieces that remain to be characterized to promote the ultimate understanding of the role of plant immunity in root-microbiota interactions.
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25
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Hailemariam S, Liao CJ, Mengiste T. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases: orchestrating plant cellular communication. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00111-0. [PMID: 38816318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The receptor-like kinase (RLK) family of receptors and the associated receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) have expanded in plants because of selective pressure from environmental stress and evolving pathogens. RLCKs link pathogen perception to activation of coping mechanisms. RLK-RLCK modules regulate hormone synthesis and responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Ca2+ signaling, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and immune gene expression, all of which contribute to immunity. Some RLCKs integrate responses from multiple receptors recognizing distinct ligands. RLKs/RLCKs and nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeats (NLRs) were found to synergize, demonstrating the intertwined genetic network in plant immunity. Studies in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have provided paradigms about RLCK functions, but a lack of understanding of crop RLCKs undermines their application. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the diverse functions of RLCKs, based on model systems and observations in crop species, and the emerging role of RLCKs in pathogen and abiotic stress response signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hailemariam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chao-Jan Liao
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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26
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Zhang J, Sun L, Wang Y, Li B, Li X, Ye Z, Zhang J. A Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Regulates the Defense Response in Citrus sinensis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:459-466. [PMID: 38597923 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-23-0208-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), which is caused by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas), is one of the most destructive citrus diseases worldwide, and defense-related Citrus sinensis gene resources remain largely unexplored. Calcium signaling plays an important role in diverse biological processes. In plants, a few calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs) have been shown to contribute to defense against pathogenic microbes. The genome of C. sinensis encodes dozens of CPKs. In this study, the role of C. sinensis calcium-dependent protein kinases (CsCPKs) in C. sinensis defense was investigated. Silencing of CsCPK6 compromised the induction of defense-related genes in C. sinensis. Expression of a constitutively active form of CsCPK6 (CsCPK6CA) triggered the activation of defense-related genes in C. sinensis. Complementation of CsCPK6 rescued the defense-related gene induction in an Arabidopsis thaliana cpk4/11 mutant, indicating that CsCPK6 carries CPK activity and is capable of functioning as a CPK in Arabidopsis. Moreover, an effector derived from CLas inhibits defense induced by the expression of CsCPK6CA and autophosphorylation of CsCPK6, which suggests the involvement of CsCPK6 and calcium signaling in defense. These results support a positive role for CsCPK6 in C. sinensis defense against CLas, and the autoinhibitory regulation of CsCPK6 provides a potential genome-editing target for improving C. sinensis defense. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Lifan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ziqin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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27
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Alassimone J, Praz C, Lorrain C, De Francesco A, Carrasco-López C, Faino L, Shen Z, Meile L, Sánchez-Vallet A. The Zymoseptoria tritici Avirulence Factor AvrStb6 Accumulates in Hyphae Close to Stomata and Triggers a Wheat Defense Response Hindering Fungal Penetration. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:432-444. [PMID: 38265007 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-23-0181-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch, is one of Europe's most damaging wheat pathogens, causing significant economic losses. Genetic resistance is a common strategy to control the disease, Stb6 being a resistance gene used for more than 100 years in Europe. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying Stb6-mediated resistance. Utilizing confocal microscopy imaging, we determined that Z. tritici epiphytic hyphae mainly accumulate the corresponding avirulence factor AvrStb6 in close proximity to stomata. Consequently, the progression of AvrStb6-expressing avirulent strains is hampered during penetration. The fungal growth inhibition co-occurs with a transcriptional reprogramming in wheat characterized by an induction of immune responses, genes involved in stomatal regulation, and cell wall-related genes. Overall, we shed light on the gene-for-gene resistance mechanisms in the wheat-Z. tritici pathosystem at the cytological and transcriptomic level, and our results highlight that stomatal penetration is a critical process for pathogenicity and resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Alassimone
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Coraline Praz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria/Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Cécile Lorrain
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Agustina De Francesco
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria/Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Cristian Carrasco-López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria/Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Luigi Faino
- Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Ziqi Shen
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Meile
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria/Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Vallet
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria/Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
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28
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Liu X, Wang DR, Chen GL, Wang X, Hao SY, Qu MS, Liu JY, Wang XF, You CX. MdTPR16, an apple tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-like superfamily gene, positively regulates drought stress in apple. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108572. [PMID: 38677189 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-like superfamily with TPR conserved domains is widely involved in the growth and abiotic stress in many plants. In this report, the gene MdTPR16 belongs to the TPR family in apple (Malus domestica). Promoter analysis reveal that MdTPR16 incorporated various stress response elements, including the drought stress response elements. And different abiotic stress treatments, drought especially, significantly induce the response of MdTPR16. Overexpression of MdTPR16 result in better drought tolerance in apple and Arabidopsis by up-regulating the expression levels of drought stress-related genes, achieving a higher chlorophyll content level, more material accumulation, and overall better growth compared to WT in the drought. Under drought stress, the overexpressed MdTPR16 also mitigate the oxidative damage in cells by reducing the electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, and the H2O2 and O2- accumulation in apples and Arabidopsis. In conclusion, MdTPR16 act as a beneficial regulator of drought stress response by regulating the expression of related genes and the cumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Da-Ru Wang
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Lin Chen
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shi-Ya Hao
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers-New Brunswick, 57 US Highway 1, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8554, USA
| | - Man-Shu Qu
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Yi Liu
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
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29
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Dodds PN, Chen J, Outram MA. Pathogen perception and signaling in plant immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1465-1481. [PMID: 38262477 PMCID: PMC11062475 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant diseases are a constant and serious threat to agriculture and ecological biodiversity. Plants possess a sophisticated innate immunity system capable of detecting and responding to pathogen infection to prevent disease. Our understanding of this system has grown enormously over the past century. Early genetic descriptions of plant disease resistance and pathogen virulence were embodied in the gene-for-gene hypothesis, while physiological studies identified pathogen-derived elicitors that could trigger defense responses in plant cells and tissues. Molecular studies of these phenomena have now coalesced into an integrated model of plant immunity involving cell surface and intracellular detection of specific pathogen-derived molecules and proteins culminating in the induction of various cellular responses. Extracellular and intracellular receptors engage distinct signaling processes but converge on many similar outputs with substantial evidence now for integration of these pathways into interdependent networks controlling disease outcomes. Many of the molecular details of pathogen recognition and signaling processes are now known, providing opportunities for bioengineering to enhance plant protection from disease. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of the main principles of plant immunity, with an emphasis on the key scientific milestones leading to these insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Dodds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jian Chen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Megan A Outram
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Cui J, Sa E, Wei J, Fang Y, Zheng G, Wang Y, Wang X, Gong Y, Wu Z, Yao P, Liu Z. The Truncated Peptide AtPEP1 (9-23) Has the Same Function as AtPEP1 (1-23) in Inhibiting Primary Root Growth and Triggering of ROS Burst. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:549. [PMID: 38790654 PMCID: PMC11117541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the widely used active form of plant elicitor peptide 1 (PEP1) from Arabidopsis thaliana is composed of 23 amino acids, hereafter AtPEP1(1-23), serving as an immune elicitor. The relatively less conserved N-terminal region in AtPEP family indicates that the amino acids in this region may be unrelated to the function and activity of AtPEP peptides. Consequently, we conducted an investigation to determine the necessity of the nonconserved amino acids in AtPEP1(1-23) peptide for its functional properties. By assessing the primary root growth and the burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we discovered that the first eight N-terminal amino acids of AtPEP1(1-23) are not crucial for its functionality, whereas the conserved C-terminal aspartic acid plays a significant role in its functionality. In this study, we identified a truncated peptide, AtPEP1(9-23), which exhibits comparable activity to AtPEP1(1-23) in inhibiting primary root growth and inducing ROS burst. Additionally, the truncated peptide AtPEP1(13-23) shows similar ability to induce ROS burst as AtPEP1(1-23), but its inhibitory effect on primary roots is significantly reduced. These findings are significant as they provide a novel approach to explore and understand the functionality of the AtPEP1(1-23) peptide. Moreover, exogenous application of AtPEP1(13-23) may enhance plant resistance to pathogens without affecting their growth and development. Therefore, AtPEP1(13-23) holds promise for development as a potentially applicable biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Ermei Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiaping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Panfeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Zigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Wang X, Matthew A, Wang D, Zheng H, Fu Z. A novel recognition-transmission-execution module in maize immunity. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00302-5. [PMID: 38693016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ashline Matthew
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208, USA
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hongyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zhengqing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208, USA.
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Jones JDG, Staskawicz BJ, Dangl JL. The plant immune system: From discovery to deployment. Cell 2024; 187:2095-2116. [PMID: 38670067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant diseases cause famines, drive human migration, and present challenges to agricultural sustainability as pathogen ranges shift under climate change. Plant breeders discovered Mendelian genetic loci conferring disease resistance to specific pathogen isolates over 100 years ago. Subsequent breeding for disease resistance underpins modern agriculture and, along with the emergence and focus on model plants for genetics and genomics research, has provided rich resources for molecular biological exploration over the last 50 years. These studies led to the identification of extracellular and intracellular receptors that convert recognition of extracellular microbe-encoded molecular patterns or intracellular pathogen-delivered virulence effectors into defense activation. These receptor systems, and downstream responses, define plant immune systems that have evolved since the migration of plants to land ∼500 million years ago. Our current understanding of plant immune systems provides the platform for development of rational resistance enhancement to control the many diseases that continue to plague crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D G Jones
- Sainsbury Lab, University of East Anglia, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Brian J Staskawicz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Diao Z, Yang R, Wang Y, Cui J, Li J, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Yu X, Gong B, Huang Y, Yu G, Yao H, Guo J, Zhang H, Shen J, Gust AA, Cai Y. Functional screening of the Arabidopsis 2C protein phosphatases family identifies PP2C15 as a negative regulator of plant immunity by targeting BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13447. [PMID: 38561315 PMCID: PMC10984862 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Genetic engineering using negative regulators of plant immunity has the potential to provide a huge impetus in agricultural biotechnology to achieve a higher degree of disease resistance without reducing yield. Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) represent the largest group of protein phosphatases in plants, with a high potential for negative regulatory functions by blocking the transmission of defence signals through dephosphorylation. Here, we established a PP2C functional protoplast screen using pFRK1::luciferase as a reporter and found that 14 of 56 PP2Cs significantly inhibited the immune response induced by flg22. To verify the reliability of the system, a previously reported MAPK3/4/6-interacting protein phosphatase, PP2C5, was used; it was confirmed to be a negative regulator of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). We further identified PP2C15 as an interacting partner of BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1), which is the most well-known co-receptor of plasma membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and a central component of PTI. PP2C15 dephosphorylates BAK1 and negatively regulates BAK1-mediated PTI responses such as MAPK3/4/6 activation, defence gene expression, reactive oxygen species bursts, stomatal immunity, callose deposition, and pathogen resistance. Although plant growth and 1000-seed weight of pp2c15 mutants were reduced compared to those of wild-type plants, pp2c5 mutants did not show any adverse effects. Thus, our findings strengthen the understanding of the mechanism by which PP2C family members negatively regulate plant immunity at multiple levels and indicate a possible approach to enhance plant resistance by eliminating specific PP2Cs without affecting plant growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Diao
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, College of Life SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anSichuanChina
| | - Rongqian Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, College of Life SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anSichuanChina
| | - Yizhu Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, College of Life SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anSichuanChina
| | - Junmei Cui
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, College of Life SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anSichuanChina
| | - Junhao Li
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, College of Life SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anSichuanChina
| | - Qiqi Wu
- Chengdu Lusyno Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ChengduChina
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Chengdu Lusyno Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ChengduChina
| | - Xiaosong Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, College of Life SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anSichuanChina
| | - Benqiang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, College of Life SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anSichuanChina
| | - Guozhi Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, College of Life SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anSichuanChina
| | - Huipeng Yao
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, College of Life SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anSichuanChina
| | - Jinya Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, College of Life SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anSichuanChina
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, College of Life SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anSichuanChina
| | - Jinbo Shen
- Zhejiang A&F University State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityZhejiangHangzhouChina
| | - Andrea A. Gust
- Department of the Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant BiochemistryEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, College of Life SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anSichuanChina
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Mou B, Zhao G, Wang J, Wang S, He F, Ning Y, Li D, Zheng X, Cui F, Xue F, Zhang S, Sun W. The OsCPK17-OsPUB12-OsRLCK176 module regulates immune homeostasis in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:987-1006. [PMID: 37831412 PMCID: PMC10980343 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity is fine-tuned to balance growth and defense. However, little is yet known about molecular mechanisms underlying immune homeostasis in rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, we reveal that a rice calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), OsCPK17, interacts with and stabilizes the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) OsRLCK176, a close homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (AtBIK1). Oxidative burst and pathogenesis-related gene expression triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns are significantly attenuated in the oscpk17 mutant. The oscpk17 mutant and OsCPK17-silenced lines are more susceptible to bacterial diseases than the wild-type plants, indicating that OsCPK17 positively regulates rice immunity. Furthermore, the plant U-box (PUB) protein OsPUB12 ubiquitinates and degrades OsRLCK176. OsCPK17 phosphorylates OsRLCK176 at Ser83, which prevents the ubiquitination of OsRLCK176 by OsPUB12 and thereby enhances the stability and immune function of OsRLCK176. The phenotypes of the ospub12 mutant in defense responses and disease resistance show that OsPUB12 negatively regulates rice immunity. Therefore, OsCPK17 and OsPUB12 reciprocally maintain OsRLCK176 homeostasis and function as positive and negative immune regulators, respectively. This study uncovers positive cross talk between CDPK- and RLCK-mediated immune signaling in plants and reveals that OsCPK17, OsPUB12, and OsRLCK176 maintain rice immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Mou
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guosheng Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiyang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dayong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Xinhang Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fuhao Cui
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Xue
- Wetland Agriculture and Ecology Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- Wetland Agriculture and Ecology Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxian Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
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Berlanga DJ, Molina A, Torres MÁ. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 controls broad spectrum disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana through diverse mechanisms of immune activation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1374194. [PMID: 38576784 PMCID: PMC10993396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1374194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana Mitogen-activated protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 (MKP1) negatively balances production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) through uncharacterized mechanisms. Accordingly, ROS production is enhanced in mkp1 mutant after MAMP treatment. Moreover, mkp1 plants show a constitutive activation of immune responses and enhanced disease resistance to pathogens with distinct colonization styles, like the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2 and the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM. The molecular basis of this ROS production and broad-spectrum disease resistance controlled by MKP1 have not been determined. Here, we show that the enhanced ROS production in mkp1 is not due to a direct interaction of MKP1 with the NADPH oxidase RBOHD, nor is it the result of the catalytic activity of MKP1 on RBHOD phosphorylation sites targeted by BOTRYTIS INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) protein, a positive regulator of RBOHD-dependent ROS production. The analysis of bik1 mkp1 double mutant phenotypes suggested that MKP1 and BIK1 targets are different. Additionally, we showed that phosphorylation residues stabilizing MKP1 are essential for its functionality in immunity. To further decipher the molecular basis of disease resistance responses controlled by MKP1, we generated combinatory lines of mkp1-1 with plants impaired in defensive pathways required for disease resistance to pathogen: cyp79B2 cyp79B3 double mutant defective in synthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, NahG transgenic plant that does not accumulate salicylic acid, aba1-6 mutant impaired in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, and abi1 abi2 hab1 triple mutant impaired in proteins described as ROS sensors and that is hypersensitive to ABA. The analysis of these lines revealed that the enhanced resistance displayed by mkp1-1 is altered in distinct mutant combinations: mkp1-1 cyp79B2 cyp79B3 fully blocked mkp1-1 resistance to P. cucumerina, whereas mkp1-1 NahG displays partial susceptibility to H. arabidopsidis, and mkp1-1 NahG, mkp1-1 aba1-6 and mkp1-1 cyp79B2 cyp79B3 showed compromised resistance to P. syringae. These results suggest that MKP1 is a component of immune responses that does not directly interact with RBOHD but rather regulates the status of distinct defensive pathways required for disease resistance to pathogens with different lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence for Plant Environment Interactions (CEPEI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence for Plant Environment Interactions (CEPEI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence for Plant Environment Interactions (CEPEI), Madrid, Spain
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36
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Cui B, Pan Q, Cui W, Wang Y, Loake VIP, Yuan S, Liu F, Loake GJ. S-nitrosylation of a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase regulates plant immunity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk3126. [PMID: 38489361 PMCID: PMC10942119 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Perception of pathogen/microbial-associated molecular patterns (P/MAMPs) by plant cell surface receptors leads to a sustained burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a key feature of P/MAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Here we report that P/MAMP recognition leads to a rapid nitrosative burst, initiating the accumulation of nitric oxide (NO), subsequently leading to S-nitrosylation of the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK), botrytis-induced kinase 1 (BIK1), at Cys80. This redox-based, posttranslational modification, promotes the phosphorylation of BIK1, subsequently resulting in BIK1 activation and stabilization. Further, BIK1 S-nitrosylation increases its physical interaction with RBOHD, the source of the apoplastic oxidative burst, promoting ROS formation. Our data identify mechanistic links between rapid NO accumulation and the expression of PTI, providing insights into plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beimi Cui
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Qiaona Pan
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Verity I. P. Loake
- Faculty of Medicine, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Gary J. Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
- Centre for Engineering Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
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Qi F, Li J, Ai Y, Shangguan K, Li P, Lin F, Liang Y. DGK5β-derived phosphatidic acid regulates ROS production in plant immunity by stabilizing NADPH oxidase. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:425-440.e7. [PMID: 38309260 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In plant immunity, phosphatidic acid (PA) regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) by binding to respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), an NADPH oxidase responsible for ROS production. Here, we analyze the influence of PA binding on RBOHD activity and the mechanism of RBOHD-bound PA generation. PA binding enhances RBOHD protein stability by inhibiting vacuolar degradation, thereby increasing chitin-induced ROS production. Mutations in diacylglycerol kinase 5 (DGK5), which phosphorylates diacylglycerol to produce PA, impair chitin-induced PA and ROS production. The DGK5 transcript DGK5β (but not DGK5α) complements reduced PA and ROS production in dgk5-1 mutants, as well as resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Phosphorylation of S506 residue in the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of DGK5β contributes to the activation of DGK5β to produce PA. These findings suggest that DGK5β-derived PA regulates ROS production by inhibiting RBOHD protein degradation, elucidating the role of PA-ROS interplay in immune response regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Qi
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingfei Ai
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Keke Shangguan
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 311200, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Chen L, Xiao J, Li Y, Song Y, Liu J, Zhou Q, Sun T, Wang HB, Liu B. The Raf-like MAPKKKs STY8, STY17, and STY46 negatively regulate Botrytis cinerea resistance by limiting MKK7 protein accumulation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1503-1516. [PMID: 38059690 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases, which seriously damage crop production, are in most cases caused by fungal pathogens. In this study, we found that the Raf-like MAPKKKs STY8 (SERINE/THREONINE/TYROSINE KINASE 8), STY17, and STY46 negatively regulate resistance to the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea through jasmonate response in Arabidopsis. Moreover, STY8/STY17/STY46 homologs negatively contribute to chitin signaling. We further identified MKK7 as the MAPKK component interacting with STY8/STY17/STY46 homologs. MKK7 positively contributes to resistance to B. cinerea and chitin signaling. Furthermore, we found that STY8/STY17/STY46 homologs negatively affect the accumulation of MKK7, in accordance with the opposite roles of MKK7 and STY8/STY17/STY46 homologs in defense against B. cinerea. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms precisely regulating plant immunity via Raf-like MAPKKKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, 510640, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - You Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Song
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
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Hudson A, Mullens A, Hind S, Jamann T, Balint-Kurti P. Natural variation in the pattern-triggered immunity response in plants: Investigations, implications and applications. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13445. [PMID: 38528659 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) response is triggered at the plant cell surface by the recognition of microbe-derived molecules known as microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns or molecules derived from compromised host cells called damage-associated molecular patterns. Membrane-localized receptor proteins, known as pattern recognition receptors, are responsible for this recognition. Although much of the machinery of PTI is conserved, natural variation for the PTI response exists within and across species with respect to the components responsible for pattern recognition, activation of the response, and the strength of the response induced. This review describes what is known about this variation. We discuss how variation in the PTI response can be measured and how this knowledge might be utilized in the control of plant disease and in developing plant varieties with enhanced disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Hudson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Mullens
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Hind
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiffany Jamann
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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40
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Tsalgatidou PC, Boutsika A, Papageorgiou AG, Dalianis A, Michaliou M, Chatzidimopoulos M, Delis C, Tsitsigiannis DI, Paplomatas E, Zambounis A. Global Transcriptome Analysis of the Peach ( Prunus persica) in the Interaction System of Fruit-Chitosan- Monilinia fructicola. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:567. [PMID: 38475414 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the most important stone-fruit crops worldwide. Nevertheless, successful peach fruit production is seriously reduced by losses due to Monilinia fructicola the causal agent of brown rot. Chitosan has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial properties and may also act as an elicitor that activate defense responses in plants. As little is known about the elicitation potential of chitosan in peach fruits and its impact at their transcriptional-level profiles, the aim of this study was to uncover using RNA-seq the induced responses regulated by the action of chitosan in fruit-chitosan-M. fructicola interaction. Samples were obtained from fruits treated with chitosan or inoculated with M. fructicola, as well from fruits pre-treated with chitosan and thereafter inoculated with the fungus. Chitosan was found to delay the postharvest decay of fruits, and expression profiles showed that its defense-priming effects were mainly evident after the pathogen challenge, driven particularly by modulations of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cell-wall modifications, pathogen perception, and signal transduction, preventing the spread of fungus. In contrast, as the compatible interaction of fruits with M. fructicola was challenged, a shift towards defense responses was triggered with a delay, which was insufficient to limit fungal expansion, whereas DEGs involved in particular processes have facilitated early pathogen colonization. Physiological indicators of peach fruits were also measured. Additionally, expression profiles of particular M. fructicola genes highlight the direct antimicrobial activity of chitosan against the fungus. Overall, the results clarify the possible mechanisms of chitosan-mediated tolerance to M. fructicola and set new foundations for the potential employment of chitosan in the control of brown rot in peaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina C Tsalgatidou
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Anastasia Boutsika
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia G Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Dalianis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, ELGO-DEMETER, 71307 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Michaliou
- Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, ELGO-DEMETER, 71307 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Costas Delis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I Tsitsigiannis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Epaminondas Paplomatas
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Zambounis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jia Y, Kang L, Wu Y, Zhou C, Cai R, Zhang H, Li J, Chen Z, Kang D, Zhang L, Pan C. Nano-selenium foliar intervention-induced resistance of cucumber to Botrytis cinerea by activating jasmonic acid biosynthesis and regulating phenolic acid and cucurbitacin. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:554-568. [PMID: 37733166 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND METHODS Botrytis cinerea is the primary disease affecting cucumber production. It can be managed by applying pesticides and cultivating disease-resistant cucumber strains. However, challenges, such as drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria and changes in physiological strains, are obstacles in the effective management of B. cinerea. Nano-selenium (Nano-Se) has potential in enhancing crop resistance to biological stress, but the exact mechanism for boosting disease resistance remains unclear. Here, we used metabolomics and transcriptomics to examine how Nano-Se, as an immune activator, induces plant resistance. RESULT Compared with the control group, the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll, catalase (10.2%), glutathione (326.6%), glutathione peroxidase (52.2%), cucurbitacin (41.40%), and metabolites associated with the phenylpropane synthesis pathway, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (21.3%). Additionally, the expression levels of jasmonic acid (14.8 times) and related synthetic genes, namely LOX (264.1%), LOX4 (224.1%), and AOC2 (309.2%), were up-regulated. A transcription analysis revealed that the CsaV3_4G002860 gene was up-regulated in the KEGG enrichment pathway in response to B. cinerea infection following the 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se treatment. DISCUSSION In conclusion, the activation of the phenylpropane biosynthesis and branched-chain fatty acid pathways by Nano-Se promotes the accumulation of jasmonic acid and cucurbitacin in cucumber plants. This enhancement enables the plants to exhibit resistance against B. cinerea infections. Additionally, this study identified a potential candidate gene for cucumber resistance to B. cinerea induced by Nano-Se, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for further research in this area. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Jia
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Kang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunran Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Runze Cai
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Chen
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Dexian Kang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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42
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Ngou BPM, Wyler M, Schmid MW, Kadota Y, Shirasu K. Evolutionary trajectory of pattern recognition receptors in plants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:308. [PMID: 38302456 PMCID: PMC10834447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface receptors play pivotal roles in many biological processes, including immunity, development, and reproduction, across diverse organisms. How cell-surface receptors evolve to become specialised in different biological processes remains elusive. To shed light on the immune-specificity of cell-surface receptors, we analyzed more than 200,000 genes encoding cell-surface receptors from 350 genomes and traced the evolutionary origin of immune-specific leucine-rich repeat receptor-like proteins (LRR-RLPs) in plants. Surprisingly, we discovered that the motifs crucial for co-receptor interaction in LRR-RLPs are closely related to those of the LRR-receptor-like kinase (RLK) subgroup Xb, which perceives phytohormones and primarily governs growth and development. Functional characterisation further reveals that LRR-RLPs initiate immune responses through their juxtamembrane and transmembrane regions, while LRR-RLK-Xb members regulate development through their cytosolic kinase domains. Our data suggest that the cell-surface receptors involved in immunity and development share a common origin. After diversification, their ectodomains, juxtamembrane, transmembrane, and cytosolic regions have either diversified or stabilised to recognise diverse ligands and activate differential downstream responses. Our work reveals a mechanism by which plants evolve to perceive diverse signals to activate the appropriate responses in a rapidly changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
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43
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Delesalle C, Vert G, Fujita S. The cell surface is the place to be for brassinosteroid perception and responses. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:206-218. [PMID: 38388723 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Adjusting the microenvironment around the cell surface is critical to responding to external cues or endogenous signals and to maintaining cell activities. In plant cells, the plasma membrane is covered by the cell wall and scaffolded with cytoskeletal networks, which altogether compose the cell surface. It has long been known that these structures mutually interact, but the mechanisms that integrate the whole system are still obscure. Here we spotlight the brassinosteroid (BR) plant hormone receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) since it represents an outstanding model for understanding cell surface signalling and regulation. We summarize how BRI1 activity and dynamics are controlled by plasma membrane components and their associated factors to fine-tune signalling. The downstream signals, in turn, manipulate cell surface structures by transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Moreover, the changes in these architectures impact BR signalling, resulting in a feedback loop formation. This Review discusses how BRI1 and BR signalling function as central hubs to integrate cell surface regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Delesalle
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Grégory Vert
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
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44
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Ahmed J, Ismail A, Ding L, Yool AJ, Chaumont F. A new method to measure aquaporin-facilitated membrane diffusion of hydrogen peroxide and cations in plant suspension cells. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:527-539. [PMID: 37946673 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate the membrane diffusion of water and small solutes, including hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and, possibly, cations, essential signalling molecules in many physiological processes. While the determination of the channel activity generally depends on heterologous expression of AQPs in Xenopus oocytes or yeast cells, we established a genetic tool to determine whether they facilitate the diffusion of H2 O2 through the plasma membrane in living plant cells. We designed genetic constructs to co-express the fluorescent H2 O2 sensor HyPer and AQPs, with expression controlled by a heat shock-inducible promoter in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells. After induction of ZmPIP2;5 AQP expression, a HyPer signal was recorded when the cells were incubated with H2 O2 , suggesting that ZmPIP2;5 facilitates H2 O2 transmembrane diffusion; in contrast, the ZmPIP2;5W85A mutated protein was inactive as a water or H2 O2 channel. ZmPIP2;1, ZmPIP2;4 and AtPIP2;1 also facilitated H2 O2 diffusion. Incubation with abscisic acid and the elicitor flg22 peptide induced the intracellular H2 O2 accumulation in BY-2 cells expressing ZmPIP2;5. We also monitored cation channel activity of ZmPIP2;5 using a novel fluorescent photo-switchable Li+ sensor in BY-2 cells. BY-2 suspension cells engineered for inducible expression of AQPs as well as HyPer expression and the use of Li+ sensors constitute a powerful toolkit for evaluating the transport activity and the molecular determinants of PIPs in living plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahed Ahmed
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrea J Yool
- School of Biomedicine, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Wang T, Hou X, Wei L, Deng Y, Zhao Z, Liang C, Liao W. Protein S-nitrosylation under abiotic stress: Role and mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108329. [PMID: 38184883 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is one of the main threats affecting crop growth and production. Nitric oxide (NO), an important signaling molecule involved in wide range of plant growth and development as well as in response to abiotic stress. NO can exert its biological functions through protein S-nitrosylation, a redox-based posttranslational modification by covalently adding NO moiety to a reactive cysteine thiol of a target protein to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO). Protein S-nitrosylation is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism regulating multiple aspects of cellular signaling in plant. Recently, emerging evidence have elucidated protein S-nitrosylation as a modulator of plant in responses to abiotic stress, including salt stress, extreme temperature stress, light stress, heavy metal and drought stress. In addition, significant mechanism has been made in functional characterization of protein S-nitrosylated candidates, such as changing protein conformation, and the subcellular localization of proteins, regulating protein activity and influencing protein interactions. In this study, we updated the data related to protein S-nitrosylation in plants in response to adversity and gained a deeper understanding of the functional changes of target proteins after protein S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xuemei Hou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yuzheng Deng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zongxi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Li P, Liang C, Jiao J, Ruan Z, Sun M, Fu X, Zhao J, Wang T, Zhong S. Exogenous priming of chitosan induces resistance in Chinese prickly ash against stem canker caused by Fusarium zanthoxyli. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129119. [PMID: 38185296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Stem canker is a highly destructive disease that threatens prickly ash plantations in China. This study demonstrated the effective control of stem canker in prickly ash using chitosan priming, reducing lesion areas by 46.77 % to 75.13 % across all chitosan treatments. The mechanisms underlying chitosan-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in prickly ash were further investigated. Chitosan increased H2O2 levels and enhanced peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities. A well-constructed regulatory network depicting the genes involved in the SAR and their corresponding expression levels in prickly ash plants primed with chitosan was established based on transcriptomic analysis. Additionally, 224 ZbWRKYs were identified based on the whole genome of prickly ash, and their phylogenetic evolution, conserved motifs, domains and expression patterns of ZbWRKYs were comprehensively illustrated. The expression of 12 key genes related to the SAR was significantly increased by chitosan, as determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the activities of defensive enzymes and the accumulation of lignin and flavonoids in prickly ash were significantly enhanced by chitosan treatment. Taken together, this study provides valuable insights into the chitosan-mediated activation of the immune system in prickly ash, offering a promising eco-friendly approach for forest stem canker control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Western Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaoqiong Liang
- Shaanxi Academy of Forestry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Jiao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Western Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Ruan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Western Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Western Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Western Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Western Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Western Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Western Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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47
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Goto Y, Maki N, Sklenar J, Derbyshire P, Menke FLH, Zipfel C, Kadota Y, Shirasu K. The phagocytosis oxidase/Bem1p domain-containing protein PB1CP negatively regulates the NADPH oxidase RBOHD in plant immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1763-1779. [PMID: 37823353 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by surface-localized pattern recognition receptors activates RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD) through direct phosphorylation by BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) and induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RBOHD activity must be tightly controlled to avoid the detrimental effects of ROS, but little is known about RBOHD downregulation. To understand the regulation of RBOHD, we used co-immunoprecipitation of RBOHD with mass spectrometry analysis and identified PHAGOCYTOSIS OXIDASE/BEM1P (PB1) DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN (PB1CP). PB1CP negatively regulates RBOHD and the resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum. PB1CP competes with BIK1 for binding to RBOHD in vitro. Furthermore, PAMP treatment enhances the PB1CP-RBOHD interaction, thereby leading to the dissociation of phosphorylated BIK1 from RBOHD in vivo. PB1CP localizes at the cell periphery and PAMP treatment induces relocalization of PB1CP and RBOHD to the same small endomembrane compartments. Additionally, overexpression of PB1CP in Arabidopsis leads to a reduction in the abundance of RBOHD protein, suggesting the possible involvement of PB1CP in RBOHD endocytosis. We found PB1CP, a novel negative regulator of RBOHD, and revealed its possible regulatory mechanisms involving the removal of phosphorylated BIK1 from RBOHD and the promotion of RBOHD endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Goto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - Noriko Maki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jan Sklenar
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Paul Derbyshire
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Frank L H Menke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, CH-8008, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
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48
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Torres MÁ. Unveiling what makes the reactive oxygen species burst transient: the role of PB1CP in plant immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1384-1386. [PMID: 38179607 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This article is a Commentary on Goto et al. (2024), 241: 1763–1779.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel-Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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49
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Zhong T, Zhu M, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Deng S, Guo C, Xu L, Liu T, Li Y, Bi Y, Fan X, Balint-Kurti P, Xu M. The ZmWAKL-ZmWIK-ZmBLK1-ZmRBOH4 module provides quantitative resistance to gray leaf spot in maize. Nat Genet 2024; 56:315-326. [PMID: 38238629 PMCID: PMC10864183 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungal pathogens Cercospora zeae-maydis and Cercospora zeina, is a major foliar disease of maize worldwide (Zea mays L.). Here we demonstrate that ZmWAKL encoding cell-wall-associated receptor kinase-like protein is the causative gene at the major quantitative disease resistance locus against GLS. The ZmWAKLY protein, encoded by the resistance allele, can self-associate and interact with a leucine-rich repeat immune-related kinase ZmWIK on the plasma membrane. The ZmWAKLY/ZmWIK receptor complex interacts with and phosphorylates the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) ZmBLK1, which in turn phosphorylates its downstream NADPH oxidase ZmRBOH4. Upon pathogen infection, ZmWAKLY phosphorylation activity is transiently increased, initiating immune signaling from ZmWAKLY, ZmWIK, ZmBLK1 to ZmRBOH4, ultimately triggering a reactive oxygen species burst. Our study thus uncovers the role of the maize ZmWAKL-ZmWIK-ZmBLK1-ZmRBOH4 receptor/signaling/executor module in perceiving the pathogen invasion, transducing immune signals, activating defense responses and conferring increased resistance to GLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Suining Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chenyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Baoshan Institute of Agricultural Science, Baoshan, P.R. China
| | - Yancong Li
- Baoshan Institute of Agricultural Science, Baoshan, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Bi
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Xingming Fan
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh NC and Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mingliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China.
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50
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Kong L, Ma X, Zhang C, Kim SI, Li B, Xie Y, Yeo IC, Thapa H, Chen S, Devarenne TP, Munnik T, He P, Shan L. Dual phosphorylation of DGK5-mediated PA burst regulates ROS in plant immunity. Cell 2024; 187:609-623.e21. [PMID: 38244548 PMCID: PMC10872252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial cellular messengers mediating diverse signaling processes in metazoans and plants. How PA homeostasis is tightly regulated and intertwined with ROS signaling upon immune elicitation remains elusive. We report here that Arabidopsis diacylglycerol kinase 5 (DGK5) regulates plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-associated kinase BIK1 phosphorylates DGK5 at Ser-506, leading to a rapid PA burst and activation of plant immunity, whereas PRR-activated intracellular MPK4 phosphorylates DGK5 at Thr-446, which subsequently suppresses DGK5 activity and PA production, resulting in attenuated plant immunity. PA binds and stabilizes the NADPH oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD), regulating ROS production in plant PTI and ETI, and their potentiation. Our data indicate that distinct phosphorylation of DGK5 by PRR-activated BIK1 and MPK4 balances the homeostasis of cellular PA burst that regulates ROS generation in coordinating two branches of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kong
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiyu Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sung-Il Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yingpeng Xie
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - In-Cheol Yeo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hem Thapa
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Timothy P Devarenne
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098XH, the Netherlands
| | - Ping He
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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