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Bourgeois S, Coenen S, Degroote L, Willems L, Van Mulders A, Pierreux J, Heremans Y, De Leu N, Staels W. Harnessing beta cell regeneration biology for diabetes therapy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00082-1. [PMID: 38644094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic scale of diabetes mellitus is alarming, its complications remain devastating, and current treatments still pose a major burden on those affected and on the healthcare system as a whole. As the disease emanates from the destruction or dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, a real cure requires their restoration and protection. An attractive strategy is to regenerate β-cells directly within the pancreas; however, while several approaches for β-cell regeneration have been proposed in the past, clinical translation has proven challenging. This review scrutinizes recent findings in β-cell regeneration and discusses their potential clinical implementation. Hereby, we aim to delineate a path for innovative, targeted therapies to help shift from 'caring for' to 'curing' diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bourgeois
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Coenen
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Degroote
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lien Willems
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelore Van Mulders
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Pierreux
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, ASZ Aalst, 9300 Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Willem Staels
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, KidZ Health Castle, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Burganova G, Schonblum A, Sakhneny L, Epshtein A, Wald T, Tzaig M, Landsman L. Pericytes modulate islet immune cells and insulin secretion through Interleukin-33 production in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1142988. [PMID: 36967785 PMCID: PMC10034381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune cells were recently shown to support β-cells and insulin secretion. However, little is known about how islet immune cells are regulated to maintain glucose homeostasis. Administration of various cytokines, including Interleukin-33 (IL-33), was shown to influence β-cell function. However, the role of endogenous, locally produced IL-33 in pancreatic function remains unknown. Here, we show that IL-33, produced by pancreatic pericytes, is required for glucose homeostasis. Methods To characterize pancreatic IL-33 production, we employed gene expression, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence analyses. To define the role of this cytokine, we employed transgenic mouse systems to delete the Il33 gene selectively in pancreatic pericytes, in combination with the administration of recombinant IL-33. Glucose response was measured in vivo and in vitro, and morphometric and molecular analyses were used to measure β-cell mass and gene expression. Immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Resuts Our results show that pericytes are the primary source of IL-33 in the pancreas. Mice lacking pericytic IL-33 were glucose intolerant due to impaired insulin secretion. Selective loss of pericytic IL-33 was further associated with reduced T and dendritic cell numbers in the islets and lower retinoic acid production by islet macrophages. Discussion Our study demonstrates the importance of local, pericytic IL-33 production for glucose regulation. Additionally, it proposes that pericytes regulate islet immune cells to support β-cell function in an IL-33-dependent manner. Our study reveals an intricate cellular network within the islet niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Limor Landsman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Breve F, Magnusson PM, Varrassi G. Exploring the Implications of New-Onset Diabetes in COVID-19: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e33319. [PMID: 36741600 PMCID: PMC9894635 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-viral new-onset diabetes has been an important feature of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is not always clear if new-onset diabetes is the unmasking of a previously undiagnosed condition, the acceleration of prediabetes, or new-onset diabetes that would not have otherwise occurred. Even asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 have been associated with new-onset diabetes. Diabetes that emerges during acute COVID-19 infection tends to have an atypical presentation, characterized by hyperglycemia and potentially life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis. It is not always clear if new-onset diabetes is type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many cases of COVID-associated diabetes appear to be type 1 diabetes, which is actually an autoimmune disorder. The clinical course varies temporally and with respect to outcomes; in some cases, diabetes resolves completely or improves incrementally after recovery from COVID-19. Disruptions in macrophagy caused by COVID-19 infection along with an exaggerated inflammatory response that can occur in COVID-19 also play a role. Those who survive COVID-19 remain at a 40% elevated risk for diabetes in the first year, even if their case of COVID-19 was not particularly severe. A subsequent post-pandemic wave of new diabetes patients may be expected.
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Li W, Zhao Y, Wang Y, He Z, Zhang L, Yuan B, Li C, Luo Z, Gao B, Yan M. Deciphering the sequential changes of monocytes/macrophages in the progression of IDD with longitudinal approach using single-cell transcriptome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090637. [PMID: 36817437 PMCID: PMC9929188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with intricate connections between immune infiltration and oxidative stress (OS). Complex cell niches exist in degenerative intervertebral disk (IVD) and interact with each other and regulate the disk homeostasis together. However, few studies have used longitudinal approach to describe the immune response of IDD progression. Here, we conducted conjoint analysis of bulk-RNA sequencing and single-cell sequencing, together with a series of techniques like weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), immune infiltration analysis, and differential analysis, to systematically decipher the difference in OS-related functions of different cell populations within degenerative IVD tissues, and further depicted the longitudinal alterations of immune cells, especially monocytes/macrophages in the progression of IDD. The OS-related genes CYP1A1, MMP1, CCND1, and NQO1 are highly expressed and might be diagnostic biomarkers for the progression of IDD. Further landscape of IVD microenvironment showed distinct changes in cell proportions and characteristics at late degeneration compared to early degeneration of IDD. Monocytes/macrophages were classified into five distinct subpopulations with different roles. The trajectory lineage analysis revealed transcriptome alterations from effector monocytes/macrophages and regulatory macrophages to other subtypes during the evolution process and identified monocytes/macrophage subpopulations that had rapidly experienced the activation of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. This study further proposed that personalized therapeutic strategies are needed to be formulated based on specific monocyte/macrophage subtypes and degenerative stages of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingjing Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijian He
- Department of Sports Teaching and Research, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengfei Li
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Breaking the Bridge. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116064. [PMID: 35682743 PMCID: PMC9181498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CTGF is upregulated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), characterized by the deposition of a pathological extracellular matrix (ECM). Additionally, many omics studies confirmed that aberrant cellular senescence-associated mitochondria dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming had been identified in different IPF lung cells (alveolar epithelial cells, alveolar endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages). Here, we reviewed the role of the CTGF in IPF lung cells to mediate anomalous senescence-related metabolic mechanisms that support the fibrotic environment in IPF.
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Fu M, Peng D, Lan T, Wei Y, Wei X. Multifunctional regulatory protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF): A potential therapeutic target for diverse diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1740-1760. [PMID: 35847511 PMCID: PMC9279711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a multifunctional protein of the CCN family, regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and a variety of other biological processes. It is involved in the disease-related pathways such as the Hippo pathway, p53 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways and thus contributes to the developments of inflammation, fibrosis, cancer and other diseases as a downstream effector. Therefore, CTGF might be a potential therapeutic target for treating various diseases. In recent years, the research on the potential of CTGF in the treatment of diseases has also been paid more attention. Several drugs targeting CTGF (monoclonal antibodies FG3149 and FG3019) are being assessed by clinical or preclinical trials and have shown promising outcomes. In this review, the cellular events regulated by CTGF, and the relationships between CTGF and pathogenesis of diseases are systematically summarized. In addition, we highlight the current researches, focusing on the preclinical and clinical trials concerned with CTGF as the therapeutic target.
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Yin F, Zhang H, Guo P, Wu Y, Zhao X, Li F, Bian C, Chen C, Han Y, Liu K. Comprehensive Analysis of Key m6A Modification Related Genes and Immune Infiltrates in Human Aortic Dissection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:831561. [PMID: 35369349 PMCID: PMC8967178 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.831561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify the feature of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification genes in acute aortic dissection (AAD) and explore their relationships with immune infiltration. Methods The GSE52093 dataset including gene expression data from patients with AAD and healthy controls was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database in order to obtain the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The differentially methylated m6A genes were obtained from the GSE147027 dataset. The differentially expressed m6A-related genes were obtained based on the intersection results. Meanwhile, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of differentially expressed m6A-related genes was constructed, and hub genes with close relationships in the network were selected. Later, hub genes were verified by using the GSE153434 dataset. Thereafter, the relationships between these genes and immune cells infiltration were analyzed. Results A total of 279 differentially expressed m6A-related genes were identified in the GSE52093 and GSE147027 datasets. Among them, 94 genes were up-regulated in aortic dissection (AD), while the remaining 185 were down-regulated. As indicated by Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, these genes were mainly associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The seven hub genes, namely, DDX17, CTGF, FLNA, SPP1, MYH11, ITGA5 and CACNA1C, were all confirmed as the potential biomarkers for AD. According to immune infiltration analysis, it was found that hub genes were related to some immune cells. For instance, DDX17, FLNA and MYH11 were correlated with Macrophages M2. Conclusion Our study identifies hub genes of AD that may serve as the potential biomarkers, illustrates of the molecular mechanism of AD, and provides support for subsequent research and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Yin
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Panpan Guo
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yihao Wu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xinya Zhao
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Fangjun Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ce Bian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yanshuo Han
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Yanshuo Han ; orcid.org/0000-0002-4897-2998
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Kun Liu
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Benáková Š, Holendová B, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. Redox Homeostasis in Pancreatic β-Cells: From Development to Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040526. [PMID: 33801681 PMCID: PMC8065646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox status is a key determinant in the fate of β-cell. These cells are not primarily detoxifying and thus do not possess extensive antioxidant defense machinery. However, they show a wide range of redox regulating proteins, such as peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins or thioredoxin reductases, etc., being functionally compartmentalized within the cells. They keep fragile redox homeostasis and serve as messengers and amplifiers of redox signaling. β-cells require proper redox signaling already in cell ontogenesis during the development of mature β-cells from their progenitors. We bring details about redox-regulated signaling pathways and transcription factors being essential for proper differentiation and maturation of functional β-cells and their proliferation and insulin expression/maturation. We briefly highlight the targets of redox signaling in the insulin secretory pathway and focus more on possible targets of extracellular redox signaling through secreted thioredoxin1 and thioredoxin reductase1. Tuned redox homeostasis can switch upon chronic pathological insults towards the dysfunction of β-cells and to glucose intolerance. These are characteristics of type 2 diabetes, which is often linked to chronic nutritional overload being nowadays a pandemic feature of lifestyle. Overcharged β-cell metabolism causes pressure on proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum, mainly due to increased demand on insulin synthesis, which establishes unfolded protein response and insulin misfolding along with excessive hydrogen peroxide production. This together with redox dysbalance in cytoplasm and mitochondria due to enhanced nutritional pressure impact β-cell redox homeostasis and establish prooxidative metabolism. This can further affect β-cell communication in pancreatic islets through gap junctions. In parallel, peripheral tissues losing insulin sensitivity and overall impairment of glucose tolerance and gut microbiota establish local proinflammatory signaling and later systemic metainflammation, i.e., low chronic inflammation prooxidative properties, which target β-cells leading to their dedifferentiation, dysfunction and eventually cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpánka Benáková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-296-442-285
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Denroche HC, Miard S, Sallé-Lefort S, Picard F, Verchere CB. T cells accumulate in non-diabetic islets during ageing. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:8. [PMID: 33622333 PMCID: PMC7901217 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The resident immune population of pancreatic islets has roles in islet development, beta cell physiology, and the pathology of diabetes. These roles have largely been attributed to islet macrophages, comprising 90% of islet immune cells (in the absence of islet autoimmunity), and, in the case of type 1 diabetes, to infiltrating autoreactive T cells. In adipose, tissue-resident and recruited T and B cells have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance during diet-induced obesity and ageing, but whether this is paralleled in the pancreatic islets is not known. Here, we investigated the non-macrophage component of resident islet immune cells in islets isolated from C57BL/6 J male mice during ageing (3 to 24 months of age) and following similar weight gain achieved by 12 weeks of 60% high fat diet. Immune cells were also examined by flow cytometry in cadaveric non-diabetic human islets. Results Immune cells comprised 2.7 ± 1.3% of total islet cells in non-diabetic mouse islets, and 2.3 ± 1.7% of total islet cells in non-diabetic human islets. In 3-month old mice on standard diet, B and T cells each comprised approximately 2–4% of the total islet immune cell compartment, and approximately 0.1% of total islet cells. A similar amount of T cells were present in non-diabetic human islets. The majority of islet T cells expressed the αβ T cell receptor, and were comprised of CD8-positive, CD4-positive, and regulatory T cells, with a minor population of γδ T cells. Interestingly, the number of islet T cells increased linearly (R2 = 0.9902) with age from 0.10 ± 0.05% (3 months) to 0.38 ± 0.11% (24 months) of islet cells. This increase was uncoupled from body weight, and was not phenocopied by a degree similar weight gain induced by high fat diet in mice. Conclusions This study reveals that T cells are a part of the normal islet immune population in mouse and human islets, and accumulate in islets during ageing in a body weight-independent manner. Though comprising only a small subset of the immune cells within islets, islet T cells may play a role in the physiology of islet ageing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-021-00221-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Denroche
- Canucks for Kids Fund Childhood Diabetes Laboratories, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Miard
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric Picard
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Canucks for Kids Fund Childhood Diabetes Laboratories, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Departments of Surgery and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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Cosentino C, Regazzi R. Crosstalk between Macrophages and Pancreatic β-Cells in Islet Development, Homeostasis and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041765. [PMID: 33578952 PMCID: PMC7916718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly heterogeneous and plastic immune cells with peculiar characteristics dependent on their origin and microenvironment. Following pathogen infection or damage, circulating monocytes can be recruited in different tissues where they differentiate into macrophages. Stimuli present in the surrounding milieu induce the polarisation of macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory profile, mediating inflammatory or homeostatic responses, respectively. However, macrophages can also derive from embryonic hematopoietic precursors and reside in specific tissues, actively participating in the development and the homeostasis in physiological conditions. Pancreatic islet resident macrophages are present from the prenatal stages onwards and show specific surface markers and functions. They localise in close proximity to β-cells, being exquisite sensors of their secretory ability and viability. Over the years, the crucial role of macrophages in β-cell differentiation and homeostasis has been highlighted. In addition, macrophages are emerging as central players in the initiation of autoimmune insulitis in type 1 diabetes and in the low-grade chronic inflammation characteristic of obesity and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. The present work reviews the current knowledge in the field, with a particular focus on the mechanisms of communication between β-cells and macrophages that have been described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cosentino
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-692-52-80; Fax: +41-21-692-52-55
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Good Cop, Bad Cop: The Opposing Effects of Macrophage Activation State on Maintaining or Damaging Functional β-Cell Mass. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120485. [PMID: 33256225 PMCID: PMC7761161 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of functional β-cell mass is a hallmark of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Macrophages play an integral role in the maintenance or destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The effect of the macrophage β-cell interaction is dependent on the activation state of the macrophage. Macrophages can be activated across a spectrum, from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory and tissue remodeling. The factors secreted by these differentially activated macrophages and their effect on β-cells define the effect on functional β-cell mass. In this review, the spectrum of macrophage activation is discussed, as are the positive and negative effects on β-cell survival, expansion, and function as well as the defined factors released from macrophages that impinge on functional β-cell mass.
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Almaça J, Caicedo A, Landsman L. Beta cell dysfunction in diabetes: the islet microenvironment as an unusual suspect. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2076-2085. [PMID: 32894318 PMCID: PMC7655222 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells in different tissues, including endocrine cells in the pancreas, live in complex microenvironments that are rich in cellular and acellular components. Intricate interactions with their microenvironment dictate most cellular properties, such as their function, structure and size, and maintain tissue homeostasis. Pancreatic islets are populated by endocrine, vascular and immune cells that are immersed in the extracellular matrix. While the intrinsic properties of beta cells have been vastly investigated, our understanding of their interactions with their surroundings has only recently begun to unveil. Here, we review current research on the interplay between the islet cellular and acellular components, and the role these components play in beta cell physiology and pathophysiology. Although beta cell failure is a key pathomechanism in diabetes, its causes are far from being fully elucidated. We, thus, propose deleterious alterations of the islet niche as potential underlying mechanisms contributing to beta cell failure. In sum, this review emphasises that the function of the pancreatic islet depends on all of its components. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Almaça
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Limor Landsman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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Weitz JR, Jacques-Silva C, Qadir MMF, Umland O, Pereira E, Qureshi F, Tamayo A, Dominguez-Bendala J, Rodriguez-Diaz R, Almaça J, Caicedo A. Secretory Functions of Macrophages in the Human Pancreatic Islet Are Regulated by Endogenous Purinergic Signaling. Diabetes 2020; 69:1206-1218. [PMID: 32245801 PMCID: PMC7243286 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine cells of the pancreatic islet interact with their microenvironment to maintain tissue homeostasis. Communication with local macrophages is particularly important in this context, but the homeostatic functions of human islet macrophages are not known. In this study, we show that the human islet contains macrophages in perivascular regions that are the main local source of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the metalloproteinase MMP9. Macrophage production and secretion of these homeostatic factors are controlled by endogenous purinergic signals. In obese and diabetic states, macrophage expression of purinergic receptors MMP9 and IL-10 is reduced. We propose that in those states, exacerbated β-cell activity due to increased insulin demand and increased cell death produce high levels of ATP that downregulate purinergic receptor expression. Loss of ATP sensing in macrophages may reduce their secretory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Weitz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Carol Jacques-Silva
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Mirza Muhammed Fahd Qadir
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Oliver Umland
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Elizabeth Pereira
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Farhan Qureshi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Alejandro Tamayo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Juan Dominguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Rayner Rodriguez-Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Joana Almaça
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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14
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Smeets S, Stangé G, Leuckx G, Roelants L, Cools W, De Paep DL, Ling Z, De Leu N, In't Veld P. Evidence of Tissue Repair in Human Donor Pancreas After Prolonged Duration of Stay in Intensive Care. Diabetes 2020; 69:401-412. [PMID: 31843955 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
M2 macrophages play an important role in tissue repair and regeneration. They have also been found to modulate β-cell replication in mouse models of pancreatic injury and disease. We previously reported that β-cell replication is strongly increased in a subgroup of human organ donors characterized by prolonged duration of stay in an intensive care unit (ICU) and increased number of leukocytes in the pancreatic tissue. In the present study we investigated the relationship between duration of stay in the ICU, M2 macrophages, vascularization, and pancreatic cell replication. Pancreatic organs from 50 donors without diabetes with different durations of stay in the ICU were analyzed by immunostaining and digital image analysis. The number of CD68+CD206+ M2 macrophages increased three- to sixfold from ≥6 days' duration of stay in the ICU onwards. This was accompanied by a threefold increased vascular density and a four- to ninefold increase in pancreatic cells positive for the replication marker Ki67. A strong correlation was observed between the number of M2 macrophages and β-cell replication. These results show that a prolonged duration of stay in the ICU is associated with an increased M2 macrophage number, increased vascular density, and an overall increase in replication of all pancreatic cell types. Our data show evidence of marked levels of tissue repair in the human donor pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Smeets
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Stangé
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gunter Leuckx
- Beta Cell Neogenesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lisbeth Roelants
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wilfried Cools
- Interfaculty Center Data processing and Statistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Diedert Luc De Paep
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Beta Cell Bank, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Surgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhidong Ling
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Beta Cell Bank, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Beta Cell Neogenesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter In't Veld
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Gauthier BR. Time for a paradigm shift in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus: coupling inflammation to islet regeneration. Metabolism 2020; 104:154137. [PMID: 31904355 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that targets the destruction of islet beta-cells resulting in insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia and death if untreated. Despite advances in medical devices and longer-acting insulin, there is still no robust therapy to substitute and protect beta-cells that are lost in T1DM. Attempts to refrain from the autoimmune attack have failed to achieve glycemic control in patients highlighting the necessity for a paradigm shift in T1DM treatment. Paradoxically, beta-cells are present in T1DM patients indicating a disturbed equilibrium between the immune attack and beta-cell regeneration reminiscent of unresolved wound healing that under normal circumstances progression towards an anti-inflammatory milieu promotes regeneration. Thus, the ultimate T1DM therapy should concomitantly restore immune self-tolerance and replenish the beta-cell mass similar to wound healing. Recently the agonistic activation of the nuclear receptor LRH-1/NR5A2 was shown to induce immune self-tolerance, increase beta-cell survival and promote regeneration through a mechanism of alpha-to-beta cell phenotypic switch. This trans-regeneration process appears to be facilitated by a pancreatic anti-inflammatory environment induced by LRH-1/NR5A2 activation. Herein, we review the literature on the role of LRH1/NR5A2 in immunity and islet physiology and propose that a cross-talk between these cellular compartments is mandatory to achieve therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029 Spain.
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16
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Ying W, Fu W, Lee YS, Olefsky JM. The role of macrophages in obesity-associated islet inflammation and β-cell abnormalities. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:81-90. [PMID: 31836875 PMCID: PMC8315273 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic, unresolved tissue inflammation is a well-described feature of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other insulin-resistant states. In this context, adipose tissue and liver inflammation have been particularly well studied; however, abundant evidence demonstrates that inflammatory processes are also activated in pancreatic islets from obese animals and humans with obesity and/or T2DM. In this Review, we focus on the characteristics of immune cell-mediated inflammation in islets and the consequences of this with respect to β-cell function. In contrast to type 1 diabetes mellitus, the dominant immune cell type causing inflammation in obese and T2DM islets is the macrophage. The increased macrophage accumulation in T2DM islets primarily arises through local proliferation of resident macrophages, which then provide signals (such as platelet-derived growth factor) that drive β-cell hyperplasia (a classic feature of obesity). In addition, islet macrophages also impair the insulin secretory capacity of β-cells. Through these mechanisms, islet-resident macrophages underlie the inflammatory response in obesity and mechanistically participate in the β-cell hyperplasia and dysfunction that characterizes this insulin-resistant state. These findings point to the possibility of therapeutics that target islet inflammation to elicit beneficial effects on β-cell function and glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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17
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Winn NC, Volk KM, Hasty AH. Regulation of tissue iron homeostasis: the macrophage "ferrostat". JCI Insight 2020; 5:132964. [PMID: 31996481 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for multiple fundamental biological processes required for life; yet iron overload can be cytotoxic. Consequently, iron concentrations at the cellular and tissue level must be exquisitely governed by mechanisms that complement and fine-tune systemic control. It is well appreciated that macrophages are vital for systemic iron homeostasis, supplying or sequestering iron as needed for erythropoiesis or bacteriostasis, respectively. Indeed, recycling of iron through erythrophagocytosis by splenic macrophages is a major contributor to systemic iron homeostasis. However, accumulating evidence suggests that tissue-resident macrophages regulate local iron availability and modulate the tissue microenvironment, contributing to cellular and tissue function. Here, we summarize the significance of tissue-specific regulation of iron availability and highlight how resident macrophages are critical for this process. This tissue-dependent regulation has broad implications for understanding both resident macrophage function and tissue iron homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katrina M Volk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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18
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Nackiewicz D, Dan M, Speck M, Chow SZ, Chen YC, Pospisilik JA, Verchere CB, Ehses JA. Islet Macrophages Shift to a Reparative State following Pancreatic Beta-Cell Death and Are a Major Source of Islet Insulin-like Growth Factor-1. iScience 2019; 23:100775. [PMID: 31962237 PMCID: PMC6971395 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a dynamic role in tissue repair following injury. Here we found that following streptozotocin (STZ)-induced beta-cell death, mouse islet macrophages had increased Igf1 expression, decreased proinflammatory cytokine expression, and transcriptome changes consistent with macrophages undergoing efferocytosis and having an enhanced state of metabolism. Macrophages were the major, if not sole, contributors to islet insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that macrophages can maintain insulin secretion in vivo following beta-cell death with no effects on islet cell turnover. IGF-1 neutralization during STZ treatment decreased insulin secretion without affecting islet cell apoptosis or proliferation. Interestingly, high-fat diet (HFD) combined with STZ further skewed islet macrophages to a reparative state. Finally, islet macrophages from db/db mice also expressed decreased proinflammatory cytokines and increased Igf1 mRNA. These data have important implications for islet biology and pathology and show that islet macrophages preserve their reparative state following beta-cell death even during HFD feeding and severe hyperglycemia. Macrophages are a major source of IGF-1 protein within mouse pancreatic islets Post-beta-cell death islet macrophages shift to a reparative state Beta-cell death causes macrophage transcriptome changes consistent with efferocytosis This change can occur even in the presence of HFD feeding or severe hyperglycemia
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Nackiewicz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Meixia Dan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Madeleine Speck
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Samuel Z Chow
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Jan A Ehses
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach CH-8603, Switzerland.
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19
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Chittezhath M, Gunaseelan D, Zheng X, Hasan R, Tay VSY, Lim ST, Wang X, Berggren PO, Bornstein S, Boehm B, Ruedl C, Ali Y. Islet macrophages are associated with islet vascular remodeling and compensatory hyperinsulinemia during diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E1108-E1120. [PMID: 31573842 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00248.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
β-Cells respond to peripheral insulin resistance by first increasing circulating insulin during diabetes. Islet remodeling supports this compensation, but its drivers remain poorly understood. Infiltrating macrophages have been implicated in late-stage type 2 diabetes, but relatively little is known on islet resident macrophages, especially during compensatory hyperinsulinemia. We hypothesized that islet resident macrophages would contribute to islet vascular remodeling and hyperinsulinemia during diabetes, the failure of which results in a rapid progression to frank diabetes. We used chemical (clodronate), genetics (CD169-diphtheria toxin receptor mice), or antibody-mediated (colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor α) macrophage ablation methods in diabetic (db/db) and diet-induced models of compensatory hyperinsulinemia to investigate the role of macrophages in islet remodeling. We transplanted islets devoid of macrophages into naïve diabetic mice and assessed the impact on islet vascularization. With the use of the above methods, we showed that macrophage depletion significantly and consistently compromised islet remodeling in terms of size, vascular density, and insulin secretion capacity. Depletion of islet macrophages reduced VEGF-A secretion in both human and mouse islets ex vivo, and this functionally translated to delayed revascularization upon transplantation in vivo. We revealed that islet resident macrophages were associated with islet remodeling and increased insulin secretion during diabetes. This suggests utility in harnessing islet macrophages during this phase to promote islet vascularization, remodeling, and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manesh Chittezhath
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Divya Gunaseelan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Riasat Hasan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa S Y Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seok Ting Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Rolf Luft Research Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bornstein
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiane Ruedl
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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20
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Role of innate immune cells in metabolism: from physiology to type 2 diabetes. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:531-545. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Regulation of the Pancreatic Exocrine Differentiation Program and Morphogenesis by Onecut 1/Hnf6. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 7:841-856. [PMID: 30831323 PMCID: PMC6476890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Onecut 1 transcription factor (Oc1, a.k.a. HNF6) promotes differentiation of endocrine and duct cells of the pancreas; however, it has no known role in acinar cell differentiation. We sought to better understand the role of Oc1 in exocrine pancreas development and to identify its direct transcriptional targets. METHODS Pancreata from Oc1Δpanc (Oc1fl/fl;Pdx1-Cre) mouse embryos and neonates were analyzed morphologically. High-throughput RNA-sequencing was performed on control and Oc1-deficient pancreas; chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed on wild-type embryonic mouse pancreata to identify direct Oc1 transcriptional targets. Immunofluorescence labeling was used to confirm the RNA-sequencing /chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing results and to further investigate the effects of Oc1 loss on acinar cells. RESULTS Loss of Oc1 from the developing pancreatic epithelium resulted in disrupted duct and acinar cell development. RNA-sequencing revealed decreased expression of acinar cell regulatory factors (Nr5a2, Ptf1a, Gata4, Mist1) and functional genes (Amylase, Cpa1, Prss1, Spink1) at embryonic day (e) 18.5 in Oc1Δpanc samples. Approximately 1000 of the altered genes were also identified as direct Oc1 targets by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, including most of the previously noted genes. By immunolabeling, we confirmed that Amylase, Mist1, and GATA4 protein levels are significantly decreased by P2, and Spink1 protein levels were significantly reduced and mislocalized. The pancreatic duct regulatory factors Hnf1β and FoxA2 were also identified as direct Oc1 targets. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that Oc1 is an important regulator of both duct and acinar cell development in the embryonic pancreas. Novel transcriptional targets of Oc1 have now been identified and provide clarity into the mechanisms of Oc1 transcriptional regulation in the developing exocrine pancreas. Oc1 can now be included in the gene-regulatory network of acinar cell regulatory genes. Oc1 regulates other acinar cell regulatory factors and acinar cell functional genes directly, and it can also regulate some acinar cell regulatory factors (eg, Mist1) indirectly. Oc1 therefore plays an important role in acinar cell development.
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22
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Ying W, Lee YS, Dong Y, Seidman JS, Yang M, Isaac R, Seo JB, Yang BH, Wollam J, Riopel M, McNelis J, Glass CK, Olefsky JM, Fu W. Expansion of Islet-Resident Macrophages Leads to Inflammation Affecting β Cell Proliferation and Function in Obesity. Cell Metab 2019; 29:457-474.e5. [PMID: 30595478 PMCID: PMC6701710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nature of obesity-associated islet inflammation and its impact on β cell abnormalities remains poorly defined. Here, we explore immune cell components of islet inflammation and define their roles in regulating β cell function and proliferation. Islet inflammation in obese mice is dominated by macrophages. We identify two islet-resident macrophage populations, characterized by their anatomical distributions, distinct phenotypes, and functional properties. Obesity induces the local expansion of resident intra-islet macrophages, independent of recruitment from circulating monocytes. Functionally, intra-islet macrophages impair β cell function in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Increased engulfment of β cell insulin secretory granules by intra-islet macrophages in obese mice may contribute to restricting insulin secretion. In contrast, both intra- and peri-islet macrophage populations from obese mice promote β cell proliferation in a PDGFR signaling-dependent manner. Together, these data define distinct roles and mechanisms for islet macrophages in the regulation of islet β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jason S Seidman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Meixiang Yang
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Roi Isaac
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bi-Huei Yang
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Wollam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthew Riopel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joanne McNelis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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23
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Casasnovas J, Jo Y, Rao X, Xuei X, Brown ME, Kua KL. High glucose alters fetal rat islet transcriptome and induces progeny islet dysfunction. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:309-323. [PMID: 30508415 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Offspring of diabetic mothers are susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes due to pancreatic islet dysfunction. However, the initiating molecular pathways leading to offspring pancreatic islet dysfunction are unknown. We hypothesized that maternal hyperglycemia alters offspring pancreatic islet transcriptome and negatively impacts offspring islet function. We employed an infusion model capable of inducing localized hyperglycemia in fetal rats residing in the left uterine horn, thus avoiding other factors involved in programming offspring pancreatic islet health. While maintaining euglycemia in maternal dams and right uterine horn control fetuses, hyperglycemic fetuses in the left uterine horn had higher serum insulin and pancreatic beta cell area. Upon completing infusion from GD20 to 22, RNA sequencing was performed on GD22 islets to identify the hyperglycemia-induced altered gene expression. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the altered transcriptome found that diabetes mellitus and inflammation/cell death pathways were enriched. Interestingly, the downregulated genes modulate more diverse biological processes, which includes responses to stimuli and developmental processes. Next, we performed ex and in vivo studies to evaluate islet cell viability and insulin secretory function in weanling and adult offspring. Pancreatic islets of weanlings exposed to late gestation hyperglycemia had decreased cell viability in basal state and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Lastly, adult offspring exposed to in utero hyperglycemia also exhibited glucose intolerance and insulin secretory dysfunction. Together, our results demonstrate that late gestational hyperglycemia alters the fetal pancreatic islet transcriptome and increases offspring susceptibility to developing pancreatic islet dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Casasnovas
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yunhee Jo
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xi Rao
- Center for Medical Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Center for Medical Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mary E Brown
- The Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kok Lim Kua
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Landsman L. Pancreatic Pericytes in Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:27-40. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Okano S, Yasui A, Kanno SI, Satoh K, Igarashi M, Nakajima O. Karyopherin Alpha 2-Expressing Pancreatic Duct Glands and Intra-Islet Ducts in Aged Diabetic C414A-Mutant-CRY1 Transgenic Mice. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:7234549. [PMID: 31179341 PMCID: PMC6507265 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7234549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our earlier studies demonstrated that cysteine414- (zinc-binding site of mCRY1-) alanine mutant mCRY1 transgenic mice (Tg mice) exhibit diabetes characterized by the reduction of β-cell proliferation and by β-cell dysfunction, presumably caused by senescence-associated secretory phenotype- (SASP-) like characters of islets. Earlier studies also showed that atypical duct-like structures in the pancreas developed age-dependently in Tg mice. Numerous reports have described that karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) is highly expressed in cancers of different kinds. However, details of the expression of KPNA2 in pancreatic ductal atypia and in normal pancreatic tissues remain unclear. To assess the feature of the expression of KPNA2 in the development of the ductal atypia and islet architectures, we scrutinized the pancreas of Tg mice histopathologically. Results showed that considerable expression of KPNA2 was observed in pancreatic β-cells, suggesting its importance in maintaining the functions of β-cells. In mature stages, the level of KPNA2 expression was lower in islets of Tg mice than in wild-type controls. At 4 weeks, the expression levels of KPNA2 in islets of Tg mice were the same as those in wild-type controls. These results suggest that the reduction of KPNA2 might contribute to β-cell dysfunction in mature Tg mice. Additionally, the formation of mucin-producing intra-islet ducts, islet fibrosis, and massive T cell recruitment to the islet occurred in aged Tg mice. In exocrine areas, primary pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) with mucinous pancreatic duct glands (PDGs) emerged in aged Tg mice. High expression of KPNA2 was observed in the ductal atypia. By contrast, KPNA2 expression in normal ducts was quite low. Thus, upregulation of KPNA2 seemed to be correlated with progression of the degree of atypia in pancreatic ductal cells. The SASP-like microenvironment inside islets might play stimulatory roles in the formation of ductal metaplasia inside islets and in islet fibrosis in Tg mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okano
- Research Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics, Innovative Medical Science Research, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Akira Yasui
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kanno
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kennichi Satoh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8512, Japan
| | - Masahiko Igarashi
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata 990-8533, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakajima
- Research Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics, Innovative Medical Science Research, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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26
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Dalmas E. Innate immune priming of insulin secretion. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 56:44-49. [PMID: 30342375 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role for the immune system to finely tune metabolic homeostasis. The possibility that the immune system can likewise regulate islet endocrine function has only commenced drawing attention. Islet beta cells are the main producers of insulin and have to dynamically respond to fluctuating insulin demands of the body. While inflammation has long been considered as an important pathogenic feature of diabetes development, pioneer studies have shown that immune cells reside inside pancreatic islets under steady state and that components of the immune system can promote beta cell insulin production. The present review will thus highlight the recent research on specific immune pathways regulating beta cell function discussing the beneficial influence of innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Dalmas
- French Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Cordeliers Research Center UMR_S 1138, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
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LRH-1 agonism favours an immune-islet dialogue which protects against diabetes mellitus. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1488. [PMID: 29662071 PMCID: PMC5902555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is due to the selective destruction of islet beta cells by immune cells. Current therapies focused on repressing the immune attack or stimulating beta cell regeneration still have limited clinical efficacy. Therefore, it is timely to identify innovative targets to dampen the immune process, while promoting beta cell survival and function. Liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1) is a nuclear receptor that represses inflammation in digestive organs, and protects pancreatic islets against apoptosis. Here, we show that BL001, a small LRH-1 agonist, impedes hyperglycemia progression and the immune-dependent inflammation of pancreas in murine models of T1DM, and beta cell apoptosis in islets of type 2 diabetic patients, while increasing beta cell mass and insulin secretion. Thus, we suggest that LRH-1 agonism favors a dialogue between immune and islet cells, which could be druggable to protect against diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by beta cell loss because of an autoimmune attack. Here the authors show that an agonist for LRH-1/NR5A2, a nuclear receptor known to be protective against beta cell apoptosis, inhibits immune-mediated inflammation and hyperglycemia in T1DM mouse models.
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Regulation and bioactivity of the CCN family of genes and proteins in obesity and diabetes. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:359-368. [PMID: 29411334 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Across the years the CCNs have been increasingly implicated in the development of obesity, diabetes and its complications. Evidence for this is currently derived from their dysregulation in key metabolic pathological states in humans, animal and in vitro models, and also pre-clinical effects of their bioactivities. CCN2 is the best studied in this disease process and the other CCNs are yet to be better defined. Key steps where CCNs may play a pathogenic metabolic role include: (i) obesity and insulin resistance, where CCN2 inhibits fat cell differentiation in vitro and CCN3 may induce obesity and insulin resistance; (ii) elevated blood glucose levels to diabetes mellitus onset, where CCN2 may contribute to pancreatic beta cell and islet function; and (iii) in diabetes complications, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, liver disease (NAFLD/NASH), CVD and diabetes with heart failure. In contrast, CCN1, CCN2 and possibly CCN3, may have a reparative role in wound healing in diabetes, and CCN2 in islet cell development. In terms of CCN2 regulation by a diabetes metabolic environment and related mechanisms, the author's laboratory and others have progressively shown that advanced glycation-end products, protein kinase C isoforms, saturated fatty acids, reactive oxygen species and haemodynamic factors upregulate CCN2 in relevant cell and animal systems. Recent data has suggested that CCN2, CCN3 and CCN6 may affect energy homeostasis including in regulating glycolysis and mitochondrial function. This paper will address the current data implicating CCNs in diabetes and its complications, focusing on recent aspects with translational clinical relevance and future directions.
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29
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Weitz JR, Makhmutova M, Almaça J, Stertmann J, Aamodt K, Brissova M, Speier S, Rodriguez-Diaz R, Caicedo A. Mouse pancreatic islet macrophages use locally released ATP to monitor beta cell activity. Diabetologia 2018; 61:182-192. [PMID: 28884198 PMCID: PMC5868749 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Tissue-resident macrophages sense the microenvironment and respond by producing signals that act locally to maintain a stable tissue state. It is now known that pancreatic islets contain their own unique resident macrophages, which have been shown to promote proliferation of the insulin-secreting beta cell. However, it is unclear how beta cells communicate with islet-resident macrophages. Here we hypothesised that islet macrophages sense changes in islet activity by detecting signals derived from beta cells. METHODS To investigate how islet-resident macrophages respond to cues from the microenvironment, we generated mice expressing a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator in myeloid cells. We produced living pancreatic slices from these mice and used them to monitor macrophage responses to stimulation of acinar, neural and endocrine cells. RESULTS Islet-resident macrophages expressed functional purinergic receptors, making them exquisite sensors of interstitial ATP levels. Indeed, islet-resident macrophages responded selectively to ATP released locally from beta cells that were physiologically activated with high levels of glucose. Because ATP is co-released with insulin and is exclusively secreted by beta cells, the activation of purinergic receptors on resident macrophages facilitates their awareness of beta cell secretory activity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that islet macrophages detect ATP as a proxy signal for the activation state of beta cells. Sensing beta cell activity may allow macrophages to adjust the secretion of factors to promote a stable islet composition and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Weitz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Madina Makhmutova
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joana Almaça
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Julia Stertmann
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristie Aamodt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephan Speier
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rayner Rodriguez-Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Denroche
- Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 W 28 Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Dominika Nackiewicz
- Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 W 28 Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 W 28 Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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31
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Hayakawa K, Ikeda K, Fujishiro M, Yoshida Y, Hirai T, Tsushima H, Miyashita T, Morimoto S, Suga Y, Takamori K, Ogawa H, Sekigawa I. Connective Tissue Growth Factor Neutralization Aggravates the Psoriasis Skin Lesion: The Analysis of Psoriasis Model Mice and Patients. Ann Dermatol 2017; 30:47-53. [PMID: 29386832 PMCID: PMC5762476 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a multifunctional cellular protein and playing a role as a central mediator in tissue remodeling and fibrosis. The physiological function of CTGF in psoriasis is unknown. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the function of CTGF in psoriasis using the established imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis murine model and psoriasis patients. Methods Anti-CTGF monoclonal antibody was applied to IMQ induced psoriasis mice and those skin were clinically, pathologically and immunologically analyzed. Additionally, CTGF expression was analyzes using skin samples and plasma from psoriasis patients. Results CTGF expression was observed in the dermis from both IMQ-induced psoriatic mice and psoriasis patients. CTGF inhibition using an anti-CTGF antibody slightly worsened IMQ-induced dermatitis. In addition, the increase of CTGF showed tendency to suppress the psoriatic dermatitis through inhibition of suprabasal cells proliferation and macrophage infiltration in the skin. CTGF was also detected significantly higher in plasma from psoriasis patients comparing with healthy control. Conclusion Our findings suggest that CTGF could contribute to the healing rather than the worsening of psoriasis skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Hayakawa
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keigo Ikeda
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maki Fujishiro
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshida
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirai
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsushima
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyashita
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Morimoto
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suga
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Iwao Sekigawa
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Dalmas E, Lehmann FM, Dror E, Wueest S, Thienel C, Borsigova M, Stawiski M, Traunecker E, Lucchini FC, Dapito DH, Kallert SM, Guigas B, Pattou F, Kerr-Conte J, Maechler P, Girard JP, Konrad D, Wolfrum C, Böni-Schnetzler M, Finke D, Donath MY. Interleukin-33-Activated Islet-Resident Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Insulin Secretion through Myeloid Cell Retinoic Acid Production. Immunity 2017; 47:928-942.e7. [PMID: 29166590 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic-islet inflammation contributes to the failure of β cell insulin secretion during obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about the nature and function of resident immune cells in this context or in homeostasis. Here we show that interleukin (IL)-33 was produced by islet mesenchymal cells and enhanced by a diabetes milieu (glucose, IL-1β, and palmitate). IL-33 promoted β cell function through islet-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that elicited retinoic acid (RA)-producing capacities in macrophages and dendritic cells via the secretion of IL-13 and colony-stimulating factor 2. In turn, local RA signaled to the β cells to increase insulin secretion. This IL-33-ILC2 axis was activated after acute β cell stress but was defective during chronic obesity. Accordingly, IL-33 injections rescued islet function in obese mice. Our findings provide evidence that an immunometabolic crosstalk between islet-derived IL-33, ILC2s, and myeloid cells fosters insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Dalmas
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Frank M Lehmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Children's Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erez Dror
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constanze Thienel
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Borsigova
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Stawiski
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabrizio C Lucchini
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dianne H Dapito
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH-Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Sandra M Kallert
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francois Pattou
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism and Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH-Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Finke
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Children's Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Pasek RC, Dunn JC, Elsakr JM, Aramandla M, Matta AR, Gannon M. Vascular-derived connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) is critical for pregnancy-induced β cell hyperplasia in adult mice. Islets 2017; 9:150-158. [PMID: 29111856 PMCID: PMC5710701 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2017.1356963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal β cells undergo compensatory changes including hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Failure of these adaptations to occur can result in gestational diabetes mellitus. The secreted protein, Connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), is critical for normal β cell development and promotes regeneration after partial β cell ablation. During embryogenesis, Ctgf is expressed in pancreatic ducts, vasculature, and β cells. In the adult pancreas, Ctgf is expressed only in the vasculature. Here, we report that pregnant mice with global Ctgf haploinsufficiency (CtgfLacZ/+) have an impairment in maternal β cell proliferation, while β cell proliferation in virgin CtgfLacZ/+ females is unaffected. Additionally, α-cell proliferation, β cell size, and GSIS were unaffected in CtgfLacZ/+ mice, suggesting that vascular-derived Ctgf has a specific role in islet compensation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C. Pasek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph M. Elsakr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mounika Aramandla
- School for Science and Math, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anveetha R. Matta
- School for Science and Math, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- CONTACT Maureen Gannon Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Ave., 7465 MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232-0475
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Epshtein A, Rachi E, Sakhneny L, Mizrachi S, Baer D, Landsman L. Neonatal pancreatic pericytes support β-cell proliferation. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1330-1338. [PMID: 29031732 PMCID: PMC5641631 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The maintenance and expansion of β-cell mass rely on their proliferation, which reaches its peak in the neonatal stage. β-cell proliferation was found to rely on cells of the islet microenvironment. We hypothesized that pericytes, which are components of the islet vasculature, support neonatal β-cell proliferation. METHODS To test our hypothesis, we combined in vivo and in vitro approaches. Briefly, we used a Diphtheria toxin-based transgenic mouse system to specifically deplete neonatal pancreatic pericytes in vivo. We further cultured neonatal pericytes isolated from the neonatal pancreas and combined the use of a β-cell line and primary cultured mouse β-cells. RESULTS Our findings indicate that neonatal pancreatic pericytes are required and sufficient for β-cell proliferation. We observed impaired proliferation of neonatal β-cells upon in vivo depletion of pancreatic pericytes. Furthermore, exposure to pericyte-conditioned medium stimulated proliferation in cultured β-cells. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces pancreatic pericytes as regulators of neonatal β-cell proliferation. In addition to advancing current understanding of the physiological β-cell replication process, these findings could facilitate the development of protocols aimed at expending these cells as a potential cure for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona Epshtein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eleonor Rachi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lina Sakhneny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shani Mizrachi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daria Baer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Landsman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Toda N, Mori K, Kasahara M, Ishii A, Koga K, Ohno S, Mori KP, Kato Y, Osaki K, Kuwabara T, Kojima K, Taura D, Sone M, Matsusaka T, Nakao K, Mukoyama M, Yanagita M, Yokoi H. Crucial Role of Mesangial Cell-derived Connective Tissue Growth Factor in a Mouse Model of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42114. [PMID: 28191821 PMCID: PMC5304211 DOI: 10.1038/srep42114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) coordinates the signaling of growth factors and promotes fibrosis. Neonatal death of systemic CTGF knockout (KO) mice has hampered analysis of CTGF in adult renal diseases. We established 3 types of CTGF conditional KO (cKO) mice to investigate a role and source of CTGF in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis. Tamoxifen-inducible systemic CTGF (Rosa-CTGF) cKO mice exhibited reduced proteinuria with ameliorated crescent formation and mesangial expansion in anti-GBM nephritis after induction. Although CTGF is expressed by podocytes at basal levels, podocyte-specific CTGF (pod-CTGF) cKO mice showed no improvement in renal injury. In contrast, PDGFRα promoter-driven CTGF (Pdgfra-CTGF) cKO mice, which predominantly lack CTGF expression by mesangial cells, exhibited reduced proteinuria with ameliorated histological changes. Glomerular macrophage accumulation, expression of Adgre1 and Ccl2, and ratio of M1/M2 macrophages were all reduced both in Rosa-CTGF cKO and Pdgfra-CTGF cKO mice, but not in pod-CTGF cKO mice. TGF-β1-stimulated Ccl2 upregulation in mesangial cells and macrophage adhesion to activated mesangial cells were decreased by reduction of CTGF. These results reveal a novel mechanism of macrophage migration into glomeruli with nephritis mediated by CTGF derived from mesangial cells, implicating the therapeutic potential of CTGF inhibition in glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Toda
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Nephrology and Kidney Research, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Kasahara
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Kenichi Koga
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Shoko Ohno
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Keita P Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Yukiko Kato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Keisuke Osaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Takashige Kuwabara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Kojima
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japa
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japa
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japa
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kazuwa Nakao
- Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
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36
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Pasek RC, Dunn JC, Elsakr JM, Aramandla M, Matta AR, Gannon M. Connective tissue growth factor is critical for proper β-cell function and pregnancy-induced β-cell hyperplasia in adult mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E564-74. [PMID: 27460898 PMCID: PMC5142004 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00194.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal β-cells undergo compensatory changes, including increased β-cell mass and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Failure of these adaptations to occur results in gestational diabetes mellitus. The secreted protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is critical for normal β-cell development and promotes regeneration after partial β-cell ablation. During embryogenesis, CTGF is expressed in pancreatic ducts, vasculature, and β-cells. In adult pancreas, CTGF is expressed only in the vasculature. Here we show that pregnant mice with global Ctgf haploinsufficiency (Ctgf(LacZ/+)) have an impairment in maternal β-cell proliferation; no difference was observed in virgin Ctgf(LacZ/+) females. Using a conditional CTGF allele, we found that mice with a specific inactivation of CTGF in endocrine cells (Ctgf(ΔEndo)) develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy, but this is due to a reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion rather than impaired maternal β-cell proliferation. Moreover, virgin Ctgf(ΔEndo) females also display impaired GSIS with glucose intolerance, indicating that underlying β-cell dysfunction precedes the development of gestational diabetes in this animal model. This is the first time a role for CTGF in β-cell function has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C Pasek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer C Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph M Elsakr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Mounika Aramandla
- School for Science and Math, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anveetha R Matta
- School for Science and Math, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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37
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Soffers JHM, Hansen D, Sinagoga KL, Li B, Martin MG, Wells J, Grompe M, Li L. Stem Cells and Regeneration in the Digestive System: Keystone Meeting. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:e6-9. [PMID: 27480172 PMCID: PMC6044286 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Darrick Hansen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | - Bin Li
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Martin G. Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mattel Children’s Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - James Wells
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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38
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Giacomelli R, Ruscitti P, Alvaro S, Ciccia F, Liakouli V, Di Benedetto P, Guggino G, Berardicurti O, Carubbi F, Triolo G, Cipriani P. IL-1β at the crossroad between rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes: may we kill two birds with one stone? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:849-55. [PMID: 26999417 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1168293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although in the past the prevention of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was strongly emphasized, now a great interest is focused on associated comorbidities in these patients. Multiple data suggest that a large percentage of RA patients are affected by Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), whose incidence has reached epidemic levels in recent years, thus increasing the health care costs. A better knowledge about the pathogenesis of these diseases as well as the mechanisms of action of drugs may allow both policy designers and physicians to choose the most effective treatments, thus lowering the costs. This review will focus on the role of Interleukin (IL)-1β in the pathogenesis of both the diseases, the efficacy of IL-1 blocking molecules in controlling these diseases, and will provide information suggesting that targeting IL-1β, in patients affected by both RA and T2D, may be a promising therapeutic choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Giacomelli
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Saverio Alvaro
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- b Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Vasiliki Liakouli
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Paola Di Benedetto
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- b Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Onorina Berardicurti
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Giovanni Triolo
- b Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science , School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
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