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Masood M, Albayouk T, Saleh N, El-Shazly M, El-Nashar HAS. Carbon nanotubes: a novel innovation as food supplements and biosensing for food safety. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1381179. [PMID: 38803447 PMCID: PMC11128632 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1381179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as an extensively growing field. Several important fabricated products including Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are of great importance and hold significance in several industrial sectors, mainly food industry. Recent developments have come up with methodologies for the prevention of health complications like lack of adequate nutrition in our diet. This review delves deeper into the details of the food supplementation techniques and how CNTs function in this regard. This review includes the challenges in using CNTs for food applications and their future prospects in the industry. Food shortage has become a global issue and limiting food resources put an additional burden on the farmers for growing crops. Apart from quantity, quality should also be taken into consideration and new ways should be developed for increasing nutritional value of food items. Food supplementation has several complications due to the biologically active compounds and reaction in the in vivo environment, CNTs can play a crucial role in countering this problem through the supplementation of food by various processes including; nanoencapsulation and nanobiofortification thus stimulating crop growth and seed germination rates. CNTs also hold a key position in biosensing and diagnostic application for either the quality control of the food supplements or the detection of contagions like toxins, chemicals, dyes, pesticides, pathogens, additives, and preservatives. Detection such pathogens can help in attaining global food security goal and better production and provision of food resources. The data used in the current review was collected up to date as of March 31, 2024 and contains the best of our knowledge. Data collection was performed from various reliable and authentic literatures comprising PubMed database, Springer Link, Scopus, Wiley Online, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Research related to commercially available CNTs has been added for the readers seeking additional information on the use of CNTs in various economic sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maazallah Masood
- Department of Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tala Albayouk
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Na'il Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba A. S. El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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Calderón-Villajos R, Sánchez M, Leones A, Peponi L, Manzano-Santamaría J, López AJ, Ureña A. An Analysis of the Self-Healing and Mechanical Properties as well as Shape Memory of 3D-Printed Surlyn ® Nanocomposites Reinforced with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4326. [PMID: 37960006 PMCID: PMC10650841 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This research work studies the self-healing ability, mechanical properties, and shape memory of the polymer Surlyn® 8940 with and without multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a nanoreinforcement. This polymer comes from a partially neutralized poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) ionomer copolymer. MWCNTs and the polymer went through a mixing process aimed at achieving an excellent dispersion. Later, an optimized extrusion method was used to produce a uniform reinforced filament, which was the input for the 3D-printing process that was used to create the final test samples. Various concentrations of MWCNTs (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.%) were used to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties, self-healing ability, and shape memory of unreinforced and nanoreinforced materials. Results show an enhancement of the mechanical properties and self-healing ability through the addition of MWCNTs to the matrix of polymer, and the specimens showed shape memory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Calderón-Villajos
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
| | - María Sánchez
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
| | - Adrián Leones
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, ICTP-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain (L.P.)
| | - Laura Peponi
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, ICTP-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain (L.P.)
| | - Javier Manzano-Santamaría
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
| | - Antonio Julio López
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
| | - Alejandro Ureña
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
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Osman AM, Hendi A, Osman NMA. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Modified Metallic Electrode Prepared Using Chemical Vapor Deposition as Sequential Injection Analysis Detector for Determination of Ascorbic Acid. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1264. [PMID: 37049357 PMCID: PMC10096536 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A carbon nanotubes modified silver electrode (CNTs-Ag) was prepared via catalytic chemical vapor deposition and characterized. The morphology, crystallinity, elemental composition, and other quality parameters of the prepared electrode were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman techniques. The characterization results revealed the modification of the silver metal surface with CNTs of good characteristics. A sequential injection analysis (SIA) system was developed for studying the reaction of ascorbic acid with KIO3 using the prepared CNTs-Ag electrode. Electrodes were polarized with both direct current (DC) and periodic square wave (SW). Various experimental conditions affecting the differential electrolytic potentiometric (DEP) peak such as current density, SW bias value, and flow rate were appraised. Under the optimum conditions, good linear responses for ascorbic acid were obtained in the range of 60.0-850.0 µM for both types of polarization with detection limits of 14.0-19.0 µM. The results obtained showed that the periodic polarization method was more sensitive than DC polarization and the electrode response was faster. Ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical tablets was determined with satisfactory results using this method. The prepared CNTs-based electrode exhibited good performance for a long period of use. The method is simple, rapid, and inexpensive for routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalghaffar M. Osman
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center (IRC) for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Hendi
- Physics Department, Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center (IRC) for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadir M. A. Osman
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Chen J, Guo Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Gong P, Su Z, Fan L, Li G. Emerging Nanoparticles in Food: Sources, Application, and Safety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3564-3582. [PMID: 36791411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are small-sized, with high surface activity and antibacterial and antioxidant properties. As a result, some NPs are used as functional ingredients in food additives, food packaging materials, nutrient delivery, nanopesticides, animal feeds, and fertilizers to improve the bioavailability, quality, and performance complement or upgrade. However, the widespread use of NPs in the industry increases the exposure risk of NPs to humans due to their migration from the environment to food. Nevertheless, some NPs, such as carbon dots, NPs found in various thermally processed foods, are also naturally produced from the food during food processing. Given their excellent ability to penetrate biopermeable barriers, the potential safety hazards of NPs on human health have attracted increased attention. Herein, three emerging NPs are introduced including carbon-based NPs (e.g., CNTs), nanoselenium NPs (SeNPs), and rare earth oxide NPs (e.g., CeO2 NPs). In addition, their applications in the food industry, absorption pathways into the human body, and potential risk mechanisms are discussed. Challenges and prospects for the use of NPs in food are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoqun Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 People's Republic of China
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Li W, Wang X, Zhang B, Chen Y. In Situ Modification of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Polythiophene-Based Conjugated Polymer for Information Storage. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:908. [PMID: 36769915 PMCID: PMC9918207 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have unique electrical properties, but they are not solution-processable, which severely limits their applications in microelectronic devices. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the solubility of MWNTs and endow them with new functions by chemical modification. In this work, MWNTs were in situ functionalized with poly[(1,4-diethynyl-benzene)-alt-(3-hexylthiophene)] (PDHT) via Sonogashira-Hagihara polymerization. The obtained material PDHT-g-MWNTs was soluble in conventional organic solvents. By sandwiching a PDHT-g-MWNTs film between Al and ITO electrodes, the fabricated Al/PDHT-g-MWNTs/ITO electronic device exhibited nonvolatile rewritable memory behavior, with highly symmetrical turn-on/off voltages, a retention time of over 104 s, and durability for 200 switching cycles. These findings provide important insights into the development of carbon nanotube-based materials for information storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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6
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An Insight into Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Photocatalytic Water Splitting for Green Hydrogen Production. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the energy shortage and environmental pollution are the burning global issues. For centuries, fossil fuels have been used to meet worldwide energy demand. However, thousands of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned, contributing to global warming. Therefore, green energy must replace fossil fuels, and hydrogen is a prime choice. Photocatalytic water splitting (PWS) under solar irradiation could address energy and environmental problems. In the past decade, solar photocatalysts have been used to manufacture sustainable fuels. Scientists are working to synthesize a reliable, affordable, and light-efficient photocatalyst. Developing efficient photocatalysts for water redox reactions in suspension is a key to solar energy conversion. Semiconductor nanoparticles can be used as photocatalysts to accelerate redox reactions to generate chemical fuel or electricity. Carbon materials are substantial photocatalysts for total WS under solar irradiation due to their high activity, high stability, low cost, easy production, and structural diversity. Carbon-based materials such as graphene, graphene oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon quantum dots can be used as semiconductors, photosensitizers, cocatalysts, and support materials. This review comprehensively explains how carbon-based composite materials function as photocatalytic semiconductors for hydrogen production, the water-splitting mechanism, and the chemistry of redox reactions. Also, how heteroatom doping, defects and surface functionalities, etc., can influence the efficiency of carbon photocatalysts in H2 production. The challenges faced in the PWS process and future prospects are briefly discussed.
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7
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Samavati Z, Samavati A, Goh PS, Ismail AF, Abdullah MS. A comprehensive review of recent advances in nanofiltration membranes for heavy metal removal from wastewater. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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8
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Neeshma M, Dhanasekaran P, Sreekuttan MU, Santoshkumar DB. Short side chain perfluorosulfonic acid composite membrane with covalently grafted cup stacked carbon nanofibers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Recent advances in carboxylated butadiene rubber nanocomposites: effect of carbon nanotube and graphene oxide. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Abhisha VS, Sisanth KS, Parameswaranpillai J, Pulikkalparambil H, Siengchin S, Thomas S, Stephen R. Comprehensive experimental investigations and theoretical predictions on the physical properties of natural rubber composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vakkoottil Sivadasan Abhisha
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri Affiliated to University of Calicut Calicut India
| | - Krishanagegham Sidharathan Sisanth
- School of Energy Materials and International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | | | - Harikrishnan Pulikkalparambil
- Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai‐German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS) King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai‐German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS) King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Materials and International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
- School of Energy Materials and School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
| | - Ranimol Stephen
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri Affiliated to University of Calicut Calicut India
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Recent Trends in Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites for Aerospace Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194084. [PMID: 36236032 PMCID: PMC9572050 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers have had an enormous impact on science and technology, and their interest relating to the development of new macromolecular materials has exponentially increased. Polymer nanocomposites, materials based on a polymeric matrix covalently coupled to reinforcement, display properties of both components. In the aerospace industry, polymer nanocomposites are attractive due to their promising characteristics, among which lightness, mechanical and thermal resistance, radiation and corrosion resistance, and conductive and magnetic properties stand out. The use of them, instead of metal-based materials, has allowed the optimization of design processes and applications in order to provide safer, faster, and eventually cheaper transportation in the future. This comparative review collects the most relevant and prominent advances in the development of polymer nanocomposites with aerospace applications starting from basic aspects such as the definition of polymer nanocomposite to more specialized details such as synthesis, characterization, and applications, in addition to proposing new research branches related to this topic.
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12
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Song W, Lu H, He J, Zhu Z, He S, Liu D, Liu H, Wang Y. Dynamics and morphology of self‐assembly behavior of polymer‐grafted nanoparticles: a
DPD
simulation study. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Yuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Hui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jing‐Wen He
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zi‐Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Si‐Yi He
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - De‐Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
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Effects of Amino Hyperbranched Polymer-Modified Carbon Nanotubes on the Crystallization Behavior of Poly ( L-Lactic Acid) (PLLA). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112188. [PMID: 35683866 PMCID: PMC9182790 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is an environmentally friendly and renewable polymer material with excellent prospects, but its low crystallization rate greatly limits its application. Through the amidation reaction between amino hyperbranched polymer (HBP N103) and carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), CNTs-N103 was obtained. The modification was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we observed the changes on the surface of modified CNTs. PLLA/CNT composites were prepared, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the crystallization behavior of the composites. The results showed that the addition of CNTs could greatly improve the crystallization properties of PLLA; at the same concentration, the modified CNTs had better regulation ability in PLLA crystallization than the unmodified CNTs. Moreover, in the concentration range of 0.1–1%, with the increase in HBP concentration, the ability of CNTs-N103 to regulate the crystallization of PLLA increased as well. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) once again proved the improvement of the crystallization ability. The results of polarized optical microscopy (PLOM) showed that the number of nucleation points increased and the crystal became smaller.
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Tengku Yasim-Anuar TA, Yee-Foong LN, Lawal AA, Ahmad Farid MA, Mohd Yusuf MZ, Hassan MA, Ariffin H. Emerging application of biochar as a renewable and superior filler in polymer composites. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13938-13949. [PMID: 35558839 PMCID: PMC9092426 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01897g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar is conventionally and widely used for soil amendment or as an adsorbent for water treatment. Nevertheless, the need for transition to renewable materials has resulted in an expansion of biochar for use as a filler for polymer composites. The aim is to enhance the physical, chemical, mechanical and rheological properties of the polymer composite. The reinforcement of biochar into a polymer matrix however is still new, and limited reports are focusing on the effects of biochar towards polymer composite properties. Hence, this review highlights the unique properties of biochar and its effect on the crystallization, thermal, flammability, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties of polymer composites. This review does not solely summarize recent studies on biochar–polymer-based composites, but also offers insights into a new direction of biochar as a renewable and superior polymer filler in the future. Biochar is a low-cost carbon material with excellent thermal characteristics. Despite having remarkably similar properties to graphene and carbon nanotubes, it is rarely used as a polymer filler.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia .,Nextgreen Pulp & Paper Sdn. Bhd., Green Technology Park Paloh Inai 26600 Pekan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Lawrence Ng Yee-Foong
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Abdullahi Lawal
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia.,Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Borno State Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusuf
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia .,Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hidayah Ariffin
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia .,Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
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15
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Altorbaq AS, Krauskopf AA, Wen X, Pérez-Camargo RA, Su Y, Wang D, Müller AJ, Kumar SK. Crystallization Kinetics and Nanoparticle Ordering in Semicrystalline Polymer Nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Krystyjan M, Khachatryan G, Khachatryan K, Krzan M, Ciesielski W, Żarska S, Szczepankowska J. Polysaccharides Composite Materials as Carbon Nanoparticles Carrier. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050948. [PMID: 35267771 PMCID: PMC8912318 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a dynamically developing field of science, due to the unique physical, chemical and biological properties of nanomaterials. Innovative structures using nanotechnology have found application in diverse fields: in agricultural and food industries, where they improve the quality and safety of food; in medical and biological sciences; cosmetology; and many other areas of our lives. In this article, a particular attention is focused on carbon nanomaterials, especially graphene, as well as carbon nanotubes and carbon quantum dots that have been successfully used in biotechnology, biomedicine and broadly defined environmental applications. Some properties of carbon nanomaterials prevent their direct use. One example is the difficulty in synthesizing graphene-based materials resulting from the tendency of graphene to aggregate. This results in a limitation of their use in certain fields. Therefore, in order to achieve a wider use and better availability of nanoparticles, they are introduced into matrices, most often polysaccharides with a high hydrophilicity. Such composites can compete with synthetic polymers. For this purpose, the carbon-based nanoparticles in polysaccharides matrices were characterized. The paper presents the progress of ground-breaking research in the field of designing innovative carbon-based nanomaterials, and applications of nanotechnology in diverse fields that are currently being developed is of high interest and shows great innovative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krystyjan
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (G.K.); Tel.: +48-12-6624747 (M.K.); +48-12-662-48-47 (G.K.)
| | - Gohar Khachatryan
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (G.K.); Tel.: +48-12-6624747 (M.K.); +48-12-662-48-47 (G.K.)
| | - Karen Khachatryan
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Marcel Krzan
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Ciesielski
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Ave., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland; (W.C.); (S.Ż.)
| | - Sandra Żarska
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Ave., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland; (W.C.); (S.Ż.)
| | - Joanna Szczepankowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland;
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17
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Controlled Transition Metal Nucleated Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by Molten Electrolysis of CO2. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrolysis of CO2 in molten carbonate has been introduced as an alternative mechanism to synthesize carbon nanomaterials inexpensively at high yield. Until recently, CO2 was thought to be unreactive, making its removal a challenge. CO2 is the main cause of anthropogenic global warming and its utilization and transformation into a stable, valuable material provides an incentivized pathway to mitigate climate change. This study focuses on controlled electrochemical conditions in molten lithium carbonate to split CO2 absorbed from the atmosphere into carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and into various macroscopic assemblies of CNTs, which may be useful for nano-filtration. Different CNT morphologies were prepared electrochemically by variation of the anode and cathode composition and architecture, variation of the electrolyte composition pre-electrolysis processing, and variation of the current application and current density. Individual CNT morphologies’ structures and the CNT molten carbonate growth mechanisms are explored using SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron micrsocopy), HAADF (high angle annular dark field), EDX (energy dispersive xray), X-ray diffraction), and Raman methods. The principle commercial technology for CNT production had been chemical vapor deposition, which is an order of magnitude more expensive, generally requires metallo-organics, rather than CO2 as reactants, and can be highly energy and CO2 emission intensive (carries a high carbon positive, rather than negative, footprint).
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18
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Abstract
This study describes a world of new carbon “fullerene” allotropes that may be synthesized by molten carbonate electrolysis using greenhouse CO2 as the reactant. Beyond the world of conventional diamond, graphite and buckyballs, a vast array of unique nanocarbon structures exist. Until recently, CO2 was thought to be unreactive. Here, we show that CO2 can be transformed into distinct nano-bamboo, nano-pearl, nano-dragon, solid and hollow nano-onion, nano-tree, nano-rod, nano-belt and nano-flower morphologies of carbon. The capability to produce these allotropes at high purity by a straightforward electrolysis, analogous to aluminum production splitting of aluminum oxide, but instead nanocarbon production by splitting CO2, opens an array of inexpensive unique materials with exciting new high strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, flexibility, charge storage, lubricant and robustness properties. Commercial production technology of nanocarbons had been chemical vapor deposition, which is ten-fold more expensive, generally requires metallo-organics reactants and has a highly carbon-positive rather than carbon-negative footprint. Different nanocarbon structures were prepared electrochemically by variation of anode and cathode composition and architecture, electrolyte composition, pre-electrolysis processing and current ramping and current density. Individual allotrope structures and initial growth mechanisms are explored by SEM, TEM, HAADF EDX, XRD and Raman spectroscopy.
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19
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Liu S, Dong H, Zhang R, Zhang W, Sun X, Geng S, Wang K, Ma L, Huang Y. One-pot synthesis and versatile applications of recyclable aminal-linked dynamic framework. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05684k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A recyclable polyhemiaminal dynamic network (PHDN) and its composites were prepared via in situ polymerization. The obtained versatile materials is promising for high-performance functional thermosetting materials and electrochemical active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Renjie Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Shuchen Geng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Lina Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yudong Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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20
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Munguia-Lopez JG, Jiang T, Ferlatte A, Fajardo-Diaz JL, Munoz-Sandoval E, Tran SD, Kinsella JM. Highly Concentrated Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes in Alginate–Gelatin 3D Hydrogels Enable in Vitro Breast Cancer Spheroid Formation. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jose G. Munguia-Lopez
- Faculty of Dentistry McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0C7 Canada
- Department of Bioengineering McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0E9 Canada
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Machinery and Instrument College of Intelligence Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha Human 410073 China
| | - Audrey Ferlatte
- Department of Bioengineering McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0E9 Canada
| | - Juan L. Fajardo-Diaz
- Advanced Materials Department Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C. (IPICyT) San Luis Potosi San Luis Potosi 78216 Mexico
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Research Initiative for Supra-Materials Shinshu University 4-17-1 Wakasato Nagano 380-8553 Japan
| | - Emilio Munoz-Sandoval
- Advanced Materials Department Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C. (IPICyT) San Luis Potosi San Luis Potosi 78216 Mexico
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dentistry McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0C7 Canada
| | - Joseph M. Kinsella
- Department of Bioengineering McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0E9 Canada
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21
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Narouie S, Rounaghi GH, Saravani H, Shahbakhsh M. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/4,4′‐dihydroxybiphenyl Nanolayered Composite for Voltammetric Detection of Phenol. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Narouie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad P.O. Box 9177948974 Iran
| | - G. H. Rounaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad P.O. Box 9177948974 Iran
| | - H. Saravani
- Inorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Sistan and Baluchestan Zahedan P.O. Box 98135-674 Iran
| | - M. Shahbakhsh
- Analytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Sistan and Baluchestan P.O. Box 98135-674 Zahedan Iran
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22
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Lugoloobi I, Wang Y, Zhao L, Li X, Wang B, Mao Z, Sui X, Feng X. Rigid and conductive lightweight regenerated cellulose/carbon nanotubes/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene nanocomposites constructed via a Pickering emulsion process. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq Lugoloobi
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Lunyu Zhao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Bijia Wang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaofeng Sui
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Xueling Feng
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles Donghua University Shanghai China
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23
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Self-assembly behavior of ultra-high molecular weight in-situ anionically synthesized polymer matrix composite materials “grafted from” single- or multi-wall CNTs. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Dubey R, Dutta D, Sarkar A, Chattopadhyay P. Functionalized carbon nanotubes: synthesis, properties and applications in water purification, drug delivery, and material and biomedical sciences. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5722-5744. [PMID: 36132675 PMCID: PMC9419119 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the ideal materials due to their high surface area, high aspect ratio, and impressive material properties, such as mechanical strength, and thermal and electrical conductivity, for the manufacture of next generation composite materials. In spite of the mentioned attractive features, they tend to agglomerate due to their inherent chemical structure which limits their application. Surface modification is required to overcome the agglomeration and increase their dispersability leading to enhanced interactions of the functionalized CNTs with matrix materials/polymer matrices. Recent developments concerning reliable methods for the functionalization of carbon nanotubes offer an additional thrust towards extending their application areas. By chemical functionalization, organic functional groups are generated/attached to the surfaces as well as the tip of CNTs which opens up the possibilities for tailoring the properties of nanotubes and extending their application areas. Different research efforts have been devoted towards both covalent and non-covalent functionalization for different applications. Functionalized CNTs have been used successfully for the development of high quality nanocomposites, finding wide application as chemical and biological sensors, in optoelectronics and catalysis. Non covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes have been used as a substrate for the immobilization of a large variety of biomolecules to impart specific recognition properties for the development of miniaturized biosensors as well as designing of novel bioactive nanomaterials. Functionalized CNTs have also been demonstrated as one of the promising nanomaterials for the decontamination of water due to their high adsorption capacity and specificity for various contaminants. Specifically modified CNTs have been utilized for bone tissue engineering and as a novel and versatile drug delivery vehicle. This review article discusses in short the synthesis, properties and applications of CNTs. This includes the need for functionalization of CNTs, methods and types of functionalization, and properties of functionalized CNTs and their applications especially with respect to material and biomedical sciences, water purification, and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Dubey
- Defence Research Laboratory Post Bag No. 2 Tezpur 784001 Assam India +91-3712-258508, +91-3712-258836 +91-3712-258534
| | - Dhiraj Dutta
- Defence Research Laboratory Post Bag No. 2 Tezpur 784001 Assam India +91-3712-258508, +91-3712-258836 +91-3712-258534
| | - Arpan Sarkar
- Defence Research Laboratory Post Bag No. 2 Tezpur 784001 Assam India +91-3712-258508, +91-3712-258836 +91-3712-258534
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Defence Research Laboratory Post Bag No. 2 Tezpur 784001 Assam India +91-3712-258508, +91-3712-258836 +91-3712-258534
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25
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Eskandari P, Abousalman-Rezvani Z, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Salami-Kalajahi M. Polymer-functionalization of carbon nanotube by in situ conventional and controlled radical polymerizations. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102471. [PMID: 34214841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of carbon nanotube (CNT) with polymers has drawn much attention due to its wide range of applications. Polymer-functionalized CNT could exhibit variety of properties, such as responsivity to environmental stimuli, ability of complexation with metal ions, increased dispersibility in different solvents, higher compatibility with polymer matrix, etc. Chemical and physical methods have been developed for the preparation of polymer-functionalized CNT. Polymer chains are chemically bonded to the CNT edge or surface in the chemical methods, which results in highly stable CNT/polymer composites. "Grafting to", "grafting from", and "grafting through" methods are the most common chemical methods for polymer-functionalization of CNT. In "grafting to" method, pre-fabricated polymer chains are coupled with the either functionalized or non-functionalized CNT. In "grafting from" and "grafting through" methods, CNT is functionalized by polymers simultaneously synthesized by in situ polymerization methods. Conventional free radical polymerization (FRP) and also controlled radical polymerization (CRP) are the most promising methods for in situ tethering of polymer brushes onto the surface of CNT due to their control over the grafting density, thickness, and functionality of the polymer brushes. The main focus of this review is on the synthesis of polymer-functionalized CNT via both the "grafting from" and "grafting through" methods on the basis of FRP and CRP routs, which is commonly known as in situ polymerizations. Finally, the most important challenges and applications of the in situ polymer grafting methods are discussed, which could be interesting for the future works.
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26
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Zdanovich AA, Moseenkov SI, Ishchenko AV, Kuznetsov VL, Matsko MA, Zakharov VA. The morphology evolution of polyethylene produced in the presence of a
Ziegler‐type
catalyst anchored on the surface of
multi‐walled
carbon nanotubes. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A. Zdanovich
- Department of Technology of Catalytic Processes Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Sergey I. Moseenkov
- Department of Materials Science and Functional Materials Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Arcady V. Ishchenko
- Catalyst Research Department Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Vladimir L. Kuznetsov
- Department of Materials Science and Functional Materials Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Matsko
- Department of Technology of Catalytic Processes Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Zakharov
- Department of Technology of Catalytic Processes Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS Novosibirsk Russia
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27
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Koo MY, Shin HC, Suhr J, Lee GW. A Suggested Vacuum Bagging Process for the Fabrication of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites That Maximize Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111867. [PMID: 34199785 PMCID: PMC8200088 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed and tested a manufacturing process that resulted in the formation of composites with maximized electrical conductivity and optimized electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) properties. Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) paper, which is a microscopic aggregate of van der Waals force interaction, was impregnated with semi-cured epoxy to make SWCNT prepregs. These prepregs were completely cured into SWCNT/epoxy composites. Fabricating and curing processes were executed under proper temperature cycle depending on the time. We inspected SWCNT paper and the interfacial state between the SWCNTs and epoxy in the composite with a field emission-scanning electron microscopy and calculated the SWCNT weight fraction through thermogravimetric analysis measurements. Using these observations, electrical conductivity and EMI SE were investigated according to thickness which could be controlled by the suggested manufacturing process as 1-, 5- and 10-layer composites. Finally, we determined ideal composite thickness and the associated number of prepreg layers using skin depth theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye Koo
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.C.S.)
| | - Hon Chung Shin
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.C.S.)
- Division for Commercialization & Standardization, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency, Unam-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54853, Korea
| | - Jonghwan Suhr
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Gyo Woo Lee
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3997
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28
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Yeniyurt Y, Kilic S, Güner-Yılmaz ÖZ, Bozoglu S, Meran M, Baysak E, Kurkcuoglu O, Hizal G, Karatepe N, Batirel S, Güner FS. Fmoc-PEG Coated Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Carriers by Non-covalent Functionalization: An Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:648366. [PMID: 34055757 PMCID: PMC8160473 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.648366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their structural characteristics at the nanoscale level, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), hold great promise for applications in biomedicine such as drug delivery systems. Herein, a novel single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-based drug delivery system was developed by conjugation of various Fmoc-amino acid bearing polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains (Mw = 2,000, 5,000, and 12,000). In the first step, full-atom molecular dynamics simulations (MD) were performed to identify the most suitable Fmoc-amino acid for an effective surface coating of SWNT. Fmoc-glycine, Fmoc-tryptophan, and Fmoc-cysteine were selected to attach to the PEG polymer. Here, Fmoc-cysteine and -tryptophan had better average interaction energies with SWNT with a high number of aromatic groups, while Fmoc-glycine provided a non-aromatic control. In the experimental studies, non-covalent modification of SWNTs was achieved by Fmoc-amino acid-bearing PEG chains. The remarkably high amount of Fmoc-glycine-PEG, Fmoc-tryptophan-PEG, and Fmoc-cysteine-PEG complexes adsorbed onto the SWNT surface, as was assessed via thermogravimetric and UV-vis spectroscopy analyses. Furthermore, Fmoc-cysteine-PEG5000 and Fmoc-cysteine-PEG12000 complexes displayed longer suspension time in deionized water, up to 1 and 5 week, respectively, underlying the ability of these surfactants to effectively disperse SWNTs in an aqueous environment. In vitro cell viability assays on human dermal fibroblast cells also showed the low cytotoxicity of these two samples, even at high concentrations. In conclusion, synthesized nanocarriers have a great potential for drug delivery systems, with high loading capacity, and excellent complex stability in water critical for biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Yeniyurt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sila Kilic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Serdar Bozoglu
- Energy Institute, Renewable Energy Division, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Meran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Baysak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Kurkcuoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Karatepe
- Energy Institute, Renewable Energy Division, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saime Batirel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F. Seniha Güner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabancı University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabancı University, Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Xiong T, Wang N, Liao J, Zhang Y. Modified boron
nitride‐basalt
fiber/epoxy resin composite laminates and their enhanced mechanical properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Energy Materials & School of National Defence Science and Technology Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China
- Sichuan Co‐Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China
| | - Nan Wang
- Sichuan Co‐Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China
| | - Jun Liao
- Sichuan Co‐Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Energy Materials & School of National Defence Science and Technology Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China
- Sichuan Co‐Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China
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30
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Scaffaro R, Maio A, Gammino M, La Mantia FP. Effect of an organoclay on the photochemical transformations of a PBAT/PLA blend and morpho-chemical features of crosslinked networks. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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31
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Wang X, Wu L, Yu H, Xiao T, Li H, Yang J. Analysis of effect of modification of silica and carbon black co-filled rubber composite on mechanical properties. E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Silica and carbon black (CB) co-filled rubber composite was widely used for tire tread and other rubber products because of combined advantages of binary fillers, such as low hysteresis, good abrasion resistance, and reinforcement. Numerous studies have been focused on the filler–rubber interaction with the aim of obtaining optimum performances. To investigate the effect of modification on properties of rubber composite, modified silica and CB co-filled rubber composite was prepared with a multi-functional silane coupling agent, 2-aminoethyl-2-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)aminoethyl disulfide (ATD). Such modification significantly enhanced the filler–rubber interaction and improved the filler dispersion. For the modified composites, the state of cure, hardness, tensile strength before and after aging, stress at 300% elongation, tear strength, abrasion resistance, rebound resilience, compression set, temperature rise, and the value of dynamic loss coefficient ranging from −20°C to 80°C were significantly improved, especially with low ATD dosage (3.0 phr). This modification provides an effective route to prepare silica and CB co-filled rubber composites with improved mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , Hunan , China
- Rail Transportation Business Unit, Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co., Ltd , Zhuzhou 412007 , Hunan , China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Rail Transportation Business Unit, Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co., Ltd , Zhuzhou 412007 , Hunan , China
| | - Haiwen Yu
- Rail Transportation Business Unit, Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co., Ltd , Zhuzhou 412007 , Hunan , China
| | - Tongliang Xiao
- Rail Transportation Business Unit, Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co., Ltd , Zhuzhou 412007 , Hunan , China
| | - Huaming Li
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , Hunan , China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , Hunan , China
- General Manager's Office, Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co., Ltd , Zhuzhou 412007 , Hunan , China
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32
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Sami R, Elhakem A, Almushhin A, Alharbi M, Almatrafi M, Benajiba N, Fikry M, Helal M. Enhancement in physicochemical parameters and microbial populations of mushrooms as influenced by nano-coating treatments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7915. [PMID: 33846473 PMCID: PMC8041846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
White button mushrooms are greatly high perishable and can deteriorate within a few days after harvesting due to physicomechanical damage, respiration, microbial growth of the delicate epidermal structure. For that reason, the present research work was applied to evaluate the effect of chitosan combination with nano-coating treatments on physicochemical parameters and microbial populations on button mushrooms at chilling storage. Nano coating with the addition of nisin 1% (CHSSN/M) established the minimum value for weight loss 12.18%, maintained firmness 11.55 N, and color index profile. Moreover, O2% rate of (CHSSN/M) mushrooms was the lowest at 1.78%; while the highest rate was reported for CO2 24.88% compared to the untreated samples (Control/M) on day 12. Both pH and total soluble solid concentrations increased during storage. Results reported that the (CHSS/M) mushroom significantly (P < 0.05) reduced polyphenol oxidase activity (24.31 U mg-1 Protein) compared with (Control/M) mushrooms that increased faster than the treated samples. (CHSSN/M) treatment was the most efficient in the reduction of yeast and mold, aerobic plate microorganisms (5.27-5.10 log CFU/g), respectively. The results established that nano-coating film might delay the aging degree and accompany by marked prolongation of postharvest mushroom freshness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokayya Sami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abeer Elhakem
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Almushhin
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Almatrafi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Benajiba
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Fikry
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Qalyoubia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Helal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Ehteramian M, Ghasemi I, Azizi H, Karrabi M. Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotube and its effect on shape memory behavior of nanocomposite based on thermoplastic polyurethane/polyvinyl chloride/multi-walled carbon nanotube (TPU/PVC/MWCNT). IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-00900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Common Nettle ( Urtica dioica L.) as an Active Filler of Natural Rubber Biocomposites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071616. [PMID: 33810368 PMCID: PMC8037756 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Common nettle (Urtíca Dióica L.), as a natural fibrous filler, may be part of the global trend of producing biocomposites with the addition of substances of plant origin. The aim of the work was to investigate and explain the effectiveness of common nettle as a source of active functional compounds for the modification of elastomer composites based on natural rubber. The conducted studies constitute a scientific novelty in the field of polymer technology, as there is no research on the physico-chemical characteristics of nettle bio-components and vulcanizates filled with them. Separation and mechanical modification of seeds, leaves, branches and roots of dried nettle were carried out. Characterization of the ground plant particles was performed using goniometric measurements (contact angle), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), themogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained natural rubber composites with different bio-filler content were also tested in terms of rheological, static and dynamic mechanical properties, cross-linking density, color change and resistance to simulated aging processes. Composites with the addition of a filler obtained from nettle roots and stems showed the highest mechanical strength. For the sample containing leaves and branches, an increase in resistance to simulated ultraviolet and thermo-oxidative aging processes was observed. This phenomenon can be attributed to the activity of ingredients with high antioxidant potential contained in the plant.
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Vapor Phase Modification for Selective Enrichment of Grafted Styrene/Acrylonitrile onto Carbon Nanotubes Via ATRP. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric acid vapor phase oxidation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was proposed as a promising technique to fabricate poly styrene-co-acrylonitrile (SAN)-grafted-CNTs via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The in-situ ATRP grafting approach was successfully employed to graft polystyrene (PS), SAN and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), onto the convex surfaces of pristine MWCNTs (PCNT) and acid-functionalized MWCNTs (FCNT). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the effectiveness of the modification via the ATRP grafting approach. The molar composition of acrylonitrile in the synthesized copolymer on the surface of CNTs for an FCNTs was calculated to be about 80% and 67.5% by 1H-NMR and TGA respectively, whereas the value is lower for PCNTs. Morphological studies showed that SAN-grafted FCNTs exhibit rougher surface morphology compared to the SAN-grafted PCNTs. Moreover, the higher diameter of the FCNTs indicated the higher polymer content, which was coated onto CNTs functionalized by vapor-phase oxidation. Therefore, the vapor phase oxidation strategy employed in this study could be utilized as a general method to prepare CNTs which can serve as an ATRP macroinitiator for the fabrication of various polymer grafted CNTs.
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Deralia PK, du Poset AM, Lund A, Larsson A, Ström A, Westman G. Oxidation Level and Glycidyl Ether Structure Determine Thermal Processability and Thermomechanical Properties of Arabinoxylan-Derived Thermoplastics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3133-3144. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar Deralia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aline Maire du Poset
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anja Lund
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ström
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Westman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gopal N, Kumar S, Sahney R. Towards the development of flexible carbon nanotube–parafilm nanocomposites and their application as bioelectrodes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34193-34205. [PMID: 35497312 PMCID: PMC9042332 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01840j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft, flexible and conductive interfaces, which can be used as electrode materials integrated with commercial electronic components and the human body for continuous monitoring of different analytes are in high demand in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Gopal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, AUUP, Noida, India-201303
| | - S. Kumar
- St. Stephens College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Sahney
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, AUUP, Noida, India-201303
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Skwarecki AS, Nowak MG, Milewska MJ. Synthetic strategies in construction of organic low molecular-weight carrier-drug conjugates. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104311. [PMID: 33142423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inefficient transportation of polar metabolic inhibitors through cell membranes of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells precludes their direct use as drug candidates in chemotherapy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is application of the 'Trojan horse' strategy, i.e. conjugation of an active substance with a molecular carrier of organic or inorganic nature, facilitating membrane penetration. In this work, the synthetic strategies used in rational design and preparation of conjugates of bioactive agents with three types of organic low molecular-weight carriers have been reviewed. These include iron-chelating agents, siderophores and cell-penetrating peptides. Moreover, a less known but very promising "molecular umbrella" conjugation strategy has been presented. Special attention has been paid on appropriate linking strategies, especially these allowing intracellular drug release after internalisation of a conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Skwarecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał G Nowak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Fabrication of a CNT/Ag potentiometric sensor for redox reactions via catalytic chemical vapor deposition. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Hasanzadeh Kermani H, Mottaghitalab V, Mokhtary M, Alizadeh Dakhel A. Morphological, rheological, and mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer/carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2020.1807681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hasanzadeh Kermani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Mokhtary
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Asghar Alizadeh Dakhel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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41
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Magnetic carbon nanotubes: Carbide nucleated electrochemical growth of ferromagnetic CNTs from CO2. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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James J, Thomas GV, Madathil AP, Nambissan PMG, Kalarikkal N, Thomas S. Positron annihilation spectroscopic characterization of free-volume defects and their correlations with the mechanical and transport properties of SBR-PMMA interpenetrating polymer networks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18169-18182. [PMID: 32766640 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01417f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) and semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (s-IPNs) of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been synthesized by adopting the sequential interpenetration and in situ polymerization method. The size and the concentration of free volume defects in these systems are monitored and their variations accurately traced using positron annihilation lifetime (PALS) and coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopic (CDBS) measurements. The morphologies of the IPNs were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Confocal Raman mapping had been employed to elucidate the mechanism of PMMA interpenetration in the SBR matrix with reference to the blend ratio. The results of free volume analysis lead to the conclusion that the increase of PMMA content in IPN was accompanied by enhancement of interpenetration in the system. Also the morphology changes from dispersed island pattern to a co-continuous one. Besides, the transport parameters and mechanical behavior of IPNs were studied in detail. The results of PALS and CDBS measurements have found to exhibit striking correlations with the sorption, mechanical properties and morphology of the polymer networks. The specific physics involved in the characterization protocol is effectively utilized to explore the chemistry of IPN formation. This new modality of characterization versus composition uplifts and widens the application prospects of elastomer-thermoplastic IPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose James
- Research and Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College, Moolamattom, Idukki 685591, Kerala, India.
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Skwarecki AS, Nowak MG, Milewska MJ. Synthetic strategies in construction of organic macromolecular carrier-drug conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5764-5783. [PMID: 32677650 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01101k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many metabolic inhibitors, considered potential antimicrobial or anticancer drug candidates, exhibit very limited ability to cross the biological membranes of target cells. The restricted cellular penetration of those molecules is often due to their highhydrophilicity. One of the possible solutions to this problem is a conjugation of an inhibitor with a molecular organic nanocarrier. The conjugate thus formed should be able to penetrate the membrane(s) by direct translocation, endocytosis or active transport mechanisms and once internalized, the active component could reach its intracellular target, either after release from the conjugate or in an intact form. Several such nanocarriers have been proposed so far, including macromolecular systems, carbon nanotubes and dendrimers. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the current status of rational design and synthesis of macromolecular organic nanocarrier-drug conjugates, with special attention focused on the mode of coupling of a nanocarrier moiety with a "cargo" molecule through linking fragments of non-cleavable or cleavable type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Skwarecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał G Nowak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Surface Modifications of Nanofillers for Carbon Dioxide Separation Nanocomposite Membrane. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12071102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CO2 separation is an important process for a wide spectrum of industries including petrochemical, refinery and coal-fired power plant industries. The membrane-based process is a promising operation for CO2 separation owing to its fundamental engineering and economic benefits over the conventionally used separation processes. Asymmetric polymer–inorganic nanocomposite membranes are endowed with interesting properties for gas separation processes. The presence of nanosized inorganic nanofiller has offered unprecedented opportunities to address the issues of conventionally used polymeric membranes. Surface modification of nanofillers has become an important strategy to address the shortcomings of nanocomposite membranes in terms of nanofiller agglomeration and poor dispersion and polymer–nanofiller incompatibility. In the context of CO2 gas separation, surface modification of nanofiller is also accomplished to render additional CO2 sorption capacity and facilitated transport properties. This article focuses on the current strategies employed for the surface modification of nanofillers used in the development of CO2 separation nanocomposite membranes. A review based on the recent progresses made in physical and chemical modifications of nanofiller using various techniques and modifying agents is presented. The effectiveness of each strategy and the correlation between the surface modified nanofiller and the CO2 separation performance of the resultant nanocomposite membranes are thoroughly discussed.
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Arrigo R, Malucelli G. Rheological Behavior of Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composites: An Overview. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122771. [PMID: 32570902 PMCID: PMC7344594 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the current achievements regarding the rheological behavior of polymer-based nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These systems have been the subject of a very large number of scientific investigations in the last decades, due to the outstanding characteristics of CNTs that have allowed the formulation of nanostructured polymer-based materials with superior properties. However, the exploitation of the theoretical nanocomposite properties is strictly dependent on the complete dispersion of CNTs within the host matrix and on the consequent development of a huge interfacial region. In this context, a deep knowledge of the rheological behavior of CNT-containing systems is of fundamental importance, since the evaluation of the material's viscoelastic properties allows the gaining of fundamental information as far as the microstructure of nanofilled polymers is concerned. More specifically, the understanding of the rheological response of polymer/CNT nanocomposites reveals important details about the characteristics of the interface and the extent of interaction between the two components, hence allowing the optimization of the final properties in the resulting nanocomposites. As the literature contains plenty of reviews concerning the rheological behavior of polymer/CNT nanocomposites, this review paper will summarize the most significant thermoplastic matrices in terms of availability and relevant industrial applications.
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